Samipya 1992 Vol 09 Ank 03 04

Author(s): Pravinchandra C Parikh, Bhartiben Shelat
Publisher: Bholabhai Jeshingbhai Adhyayan Sanshodhan Vidyabhavan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/535785/1

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JOURNAL OF B. J. INSTITUTE OF LEARNING & RESEARGH mAlaya pustaka 9, aMka 3-4 oNkaTobara, 92 thI mArca, 1993 ji. sa2008 Acana vi. saM. 2049, phAguna adhyayana ane saMzodhananuM raimAsika saMpAdaka pravINacaMdra ci. parIkha bhAratI kI zelata sahAyaka saMpAdaka Ara, TI. sAvaliyA bhoLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI adhyayana saMzodhana vidyAbhavana amadAvAda-380 006 For Private and Personal Use Only

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aspRzyatA nivAraNane prayatnonI vAta jAnabAI deraDInI vAva kare che te kathA "sava mAnava eka samAna'mAM kahevAyelI che. aspRzyone pitAnI vAvamAMthI pANI nahi bharavA devAne putrane Agraha jAnabAI mAnya rAkhatAM nathI. jAnabAInA A katyathI prabhAvita thaI gAyakavADa taraphathI temane e inAma rUpe ApavAmAM AvatAM "jAnabAInI deraDI" tarIke oLakhAya che. ' ' AvI AvI kathAonA A nAnakaDA rasathALa dvArA lekhae kacchamAM pracalita-prasaMge atre potAnI AgavI rIte Apela che. kacchanA ItihAsa ane saMskRtiviSayaka prasaMge A pramANe kathA pAme e dhapAtra che. lekhakoe agAu paNa kacchane kendramAM rAkhIne kRtio ApelI che. teo bhaviSyamAM kacchane upayogI vadhu sAhitya Ape evI apekSA rAkhIe. nAgajIbhAI ke. bhaTTI [sAmIpyaH eka. '92-mArca, 198] For Private and Personal Use Only

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sApya okaTobara, '92 thI mArca, 1993 , pR. 9, aMka 3-4 vi. saM. 2048 Adhina-vi.saM. 2049, phAguna lekhonI anukramaNikA pRSTha kramAMka 1. prAcIna upaniSadomAM parA-aparA vidyAnuM nirUpaNa kAntilAla ra. dave 2. maharSi pANini ane saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra jeThAlAla che. zAha 3. viSNupurANanAM keTalAMka aitihAsika pAsAM - ramaNalAla nAgarajI mahetA 22 4. gujarAtamAM bauddha vihAra ane maThonI chAtrAlaya - vyavasthA nAgajIbhAI kesarabhAI bhadI 29 5. 3 mattAvavamana nATaprakAra pI. yu. zAstrI 6. kSemendra trivivive* vibhUti vi. bhaTTa che. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAdanAM keTalAMka pravINacaMdra parIkha, jaina zipa bhAratI zelata 8. rANIvAva-pATaNanI keTalIka yugala pratimAo Ara. TI. sAvaliyA 9, " mite sikaMdarImAM thatuM salatanakALanuM samAjadarzana kubera kurezI 10. gujarAtamAM sUryapUjAnI prAcInatA ane prasAra jinA paMcolI 11. bhAnudatta anusAra sAtvika bhAvo tathA vyabhicArIbhAvo jAgRti paMDayA 12. durgArA jhavairAgI-tramANita itihAsanI daSTie hariprasAda zAstrI 13. koMgresano kRSivizvaka abhigama ane gujarAtanI caLavaLamAM kisAna vagara ramezakAMta parIkha samIkSA citrasuci 1-3 trimukhayakSa, supArzvanAtha dvArazAkhanAM zipa, bho. je. vidyAbhavana pU. para sAme 4-5 rANAvAva-pATaNanAM si 5. 53 sAme bho. je. vidyAbhavana, kaeNleja kampAunDamAM. Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380 0 09 ha. kA. ATsa For Private and Personal Use Only

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prAcIna upaniSadomAM parA-aparA vidyAnuM nirUpaNa kAntilAla. rA. have * InDo yuropiyana sAhityanA prAcInatama avazeSanA rUpamAM vedenuM vizvasAhityamAM ananya sthAna A vedonA anta bhAge AvatA heAvAthI ane vedanA jJAnanA temAM niSa hovAthI vedAnta nAme oLakhAtA upaniSa-prathAmAM Aja sudhInA mAnavIya jJAna ane prajJAnI parAkASThAnAM darzana thAya che, zrI baladeva upAdhyAya jaNAve che tema upaniSade vAstavamAM evAM AdhyAtmika mAnasarAvara che jemAMthI prAdurbhAva pAmelI vividha jJAna saritAe puNyabhUmi AryAvarta nA manuSyamAtranuM sAMsArika ane pAralaukika kalyANa kayu' che. A sAMsArika kalyANu karanArI vidyAone upaniSadya aparAvidyA ane pAralaukika kalyANa karanArI vidyAne parAvidyA tarIke oLakhAve che. muMDaka upaniSada(1/1/3-4)mAM zaunaka ane aMgirAnA saMvAdamAM upaniSatkAlIna samagra vidyA ane jJAnavijJAnanI zAkhAonu` A prakAranu' dvidhA vibhAjana prApta thAya che. (1) jenAthI chAne prApta karI zakAya te pAvidyA ane (2) te vagaranI tamAma vidyAe te aparAvidyA. mu.Daka upaniSada(1/1/3-4)mAM aparAvidyAmAM Rgveda yArave, ane SaD vedaMgAnI gaNunA karavAmAM AvI che. parAvidyAmAM samAviSTa anya viSayAnA ullekha anyatra mR. upaniSada (2/4/12)mAM maLe che, jyAM muDaDapreAkta viSayo uparata itihAsa-purANa, vidyA, upaniSado, zlokA, sUtra, anuvyAkhyAna, - vyAkhyAna, ma Mtra, vivaraNu ane ayavAda Adi pazu samAveza karavAmAM mAnyA che, ane temane mahAbhUtanA ni:zvAsa tarIke varSovavAmAM AvyAM che. alabatta, upaniSatkAlIna pApaviSayAnI lagabhaga sarvo'gasa pUNu' kahI zakAya tevI yAdI chAMdogya upaniSad (7/1/2)mAM AcAya sanatkumAra ane ziSya nArada vaccenA savAdamAM upalabdha thAya che. jemAM pUrvokta cArave, vedAMgA, pagama veda evA itihAsa purANu, pimya, zrAdghakalpa, rAzi, daiva, nidhi vAvAkaya, ekAyana, devavidyA, chAvidyA, bhUtavidyA, nakSatravidyA, sapa`vidyA, devajanavidyA, kSatravidyA vagere viSayonI ThIka ThIka lAMkhI sUci maLe che. mA aparAvidyAonA jJAtA maMtravid tarIke oLakhAtA jyAre parAvidyAnA jJAtA brahmavid ke Atmavid tarIke oLakhAtA. parAvidyA : parakSAne prApta karavAnI vidyA te parAvidyA. upaniSadomAM Thera Thera aparAvidyA para . parAvidyAnI zreSThatAnA svIkAra karavAmAM AvelA jovA maLe che. eTaluM ja nahI, aparAvidyAnI kaThora niMdA paNu upaniSadyAmAM jovA maLe che. udAharaNa tarIke kaTha upaniSada(1/2/5)mAM aparAvidyAnA vidyAnAnI kaDaka zabdomAM AleAcanA karI temane mUDha ane eka AMdhaLAthI rAtA anya adhiLA sAthe sarakhAvyA che.4 kaTha upaniSada jaNAve che ke A AtmA pravacana, medhA, bahuzrutatA ke tarkanI lIlAthI labhya nathI.pa brahnasAkSAtkAra mATe jagata ane tenAM tattvA taraph sAmAnya janathI pRthak evI dRSTinI AvazyakatA jaNAvI upaniSadya kahe che ke jagata ane tenAM tavAnI. brahmarUpe upAsanA karatAM karatAM, mananI ekAgratA keLavatAM keLavatAM, kramazaH AgaLa vadhatAM brahmanA sAkSAtkAra karI zakAya che. AvA brahmayAtrIne brahma sAkSAtkAramAM sahAyarUpa evI, keTalIka vidyAonI paNa upaniSAmAM prasaMgApAta carcA che, je nIce mujaba che. * sa MskRta anu. vibhAga, saradAra paTela yunivasiDeMTI, vallabha vidyAnagara. prAcIna upaniSAmAM parA-maparA vidyAnuM nirUpaNa ] For Private and Personal Use Only [1

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(1) madhuvidyA : chAMdogya upaniSadnA trIjA adhyAya ane khu. upa. (2/5)mAM enu nirUpaNu che. jemAM madhapUDAnA rUpakanA Azraya laI 'mAditya e devama che.' ema jaNAvI sarvabhUtA, sarva devA, salAka, sa`prANu ane sa+ dehAtmAomAM brahmadaSTi, keLavavAne mukhya upadeza che. (2) zAMDilyavidyA : zAMDilya nAmanA RSinI sAthe sa`kaLAyelI A vidyAnI carcA chAM. pa. (3/14)mAM karavAmAM AvelI che. AmAM upAsakane' 'takhtAna'' e rahasyamaya zabda dvArA AmAM zAnta banIne mA sava che te kharekhara brahma che.' evI upAsanA karavAnA Adeza ApavAmAM Avyo che. 1 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (3) saMvagavidyA : prazna upaniSadma(1/4, 1/5)mAM tathA anyatra enuM nirUpaNuM maLe che. jagatanI pratyeka vastu amuka tattvamAM Akhare vilIna thaI jAya che, savana pAme che evA upadeza temAM nirUpAyA che. (4) paMcAgnividyA : chAMdegya upa. (5/4-9) tathA bu. upa.(6/2/913) mAM nu" vigatavAra nirUpaNuM maLe che. emAM ghulAka, panya, bhUlaka, puruSa ane stra e pAMceyane agni rUpe jovAnA upadeza che. emAM jaNuAvyA mujaba ghuleAkarUpI prathama agnimAM devA dvArA zraDhA hAmAtAM sAma udbhave che. sAma pajanyarUpa agnimAM hAmAtAM vRSTi, vRSTi bhUlakarUpI agnimAM hAmAtAM anna, anna puruSarUpa agnimAM DAmAtAM vIma ane vIyara aurUpa agnimAM DhAmAtAM gabha'nI utpatti thAya che. mRtyu bAda tene Rgni pAse laI jatAM agni e agni thAya che, samidha e samidha, dhUmra e dhUmra, jvALA e javALA ane aMgArA e a`gArA thAya che. zrI. rAmaprasAda bakSIpa noMdhe che tema A vidyAnuM tAtpaya` prakRtinA tattvonI anyAnya upakArakatA darzAvavAnu che. aparAvidyAnA vividha viSayAnI upaniSadomAM carcA maLe che. tenI vigate nIce mujaba che: (1) veda catuSTaya : chAM. upa. (7/1/2-3, 3/15/7, 7/1/4) ane zrR upa.(2/4/10) vageremAM cAre vedyanA ullekhA maLe che. zrR upa.(1/5/5) parathI jaNAya che ke maMtra, vivaraNu ane athavAdanA samAveza brAhmaNugraMthomAM thatA haze. brAhmaNu, AraNyaka ane upaniSade paikI prathama e nA vedanA ja bhAgarUpa hovAthI svataMtra ullekha nathI. jyAre upaniSado venA bhAgarUpa DAvA chatAM temanA ullekha maLe che. tethI upaniSadAnA svataMtra sAhityagraMthA tarIke svIkAra thaI gayelA jaNAya che. (2) SaDvedAMgA : mu. upa.(1/4/5)mAM zikSA, kalpa, nirukta, vyAkaraNu, cha Mda ane jyAtiSanA spaSTa ullekha maLe che. zikSAnuM prAcInatama varSoMna tai. AraNyaka (7/1) ane tai. upa.(1/2)mAM prApta thAya che. upaniSadomAM 35 ke vyAkaraNunA koI grAnA spaSTa ullekha maLatA nathI. yAske ullekhelA tera jeTalA niruktakArA paikInA koIkanA saMbadha upaniSatkALa sAthe hAvAnI sabhAvanA vidvAno jue che. chAM, upa.(3/16/1 ane 3/16/5)mAM kramazaH gAyatrI ane jagatI chaMdane ullekha maLe che. ". upa. (pa/14/1)mAM pazu gAyatrInA ullekha che. chAM upa. (5/10/1-2 ane 7/7/1)mAM jyAtiSa viSayaka spaSTa ullekho maLe che.10 mR. upa. (3/8/9)mAM paNa mAvA ullekhA che. A sava ullekha upaniSatkALamAM SaDvedAMgAnA pAya viSaya tarIkenA astitvanA dyotaka che. (3) itihAsa-purANa : chAM upa. (3/4/1), jIta brAhmaNu vageremAM baMnenA saMyuktarUpe ane mR, upa. (2/4/10) ane sUtragraMtheAmAM tenA svataMtra astitvanA ullekhA maLe che. sAyaNAcAya sRSTi 2] [ sAmIpya : AkaTo., '92-mA', 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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racanA viSenI vigatene itihAsa ane AkhyAne purANu tarIke oLakhAve che. A uparAMta zatapatha brA.(11/5,6,8) vageremAM umbikhita gAthA ane nArAkSasI nAmanA viSayAnuM paNa upaniSatkALamAM paThana-pAThana thatu` hovAnI sa bhAvanA che. manuSya tathA manuSyAcita viSayeAnA ghotaka maMtrA gAthA tarIke ane kAIka rAjAnI phrAnastutimAM prayukta maMtra nArAzasI tarIke oLakhAtA. (4) vidyA : sAyaNAcAya vidyAnA a nyAyamImAMsA' evA kare che, paraMtu agaliMga (Eggeling) 11nA mate te kAI viziSTa zAstranA dotaka zabda che. (5) pitrya : chai, upaniSad( 7/1/2 ) paranA zAMkarabhASyamAM tevu bIjuM nAma zrAddhakalpa' maLe che. kaThe. upa. 3/17 mAM zrAddhanA spaSTa ullekha che. pitRkAryAMnA vidhividhAnanuM A zAstra che. zrI. rAmaprasAda akSI12 ene a` vaMzavidyA' kare che. (6) rAzi : rAzinA pracalita atha 'meSAdi bAra rAzinuM cakra' evA letAM Ane jyotiSavidyA sAthe sa``dhita zAstra mAnI zakAya. zakarAcAya' enA atha gaSThita ke agaNita kare che. AcAya priyatratanA mate 3 A zuSAvijJAna che. (7) dhruva : zaMkarAcAya enA atha 'utpAta jJAnanuM zAstra', zrI. maganabhAI. ca. paTela13 'akasmAtanuM zAstra', rAmaprasAda bakSI, 'vAyu vagere divya tattvonI vidyA' ane DaeNoN. rAjendra trivedI14 'apazukanAnu * zAstra' evA ghaTAve che. (8) nidhi : zaMkarAcAya" tenA artha 'mahAkAla' evA kare che. zrI. rAdhAkumuda mukarajI1pa tene 'jAdusadaza' vijJAna kahe che. zrI. rAmaprasAda bakSI tene 'bhUgabha'vidyA' athavA 'samayagaNanAnu` zAstra' gaNAve che. DaoN. rAjendra trivedI jaNAve che ke A zAstranA jJAna dvArA gupta svarUpamAM rahelI dhAtuone zodhI kADhavAnI vidyA zIkhavavAmAM AvatI haze. (9) vAkAvAkaya : zakarAcAya' ene atha 'taka zAstra' kare che. sAyaNAcAya+ ene 'vivAdanA prakAra' mAne che. gaeNDanara16 ane itihAsa purANunuM eka aMga' gaNAve che. upaniSatkAlamAM 'brahmogha' nAme oLakhAtA zAstrArthAMmAM nipuNutA prApta karavAnA AzayathI tenuM paThana-pAThana thatuM haze. (10) ekAyana : Ane zaMkarAcAya nItizAstra' ane anya vidvAna 'rAjanItizAstra' mAne che. senTa pITsabaga* kAzamAM tenA atha. advaitavAda' pele che. 17 meMAniyera viliyama18 tene 'sAMsArika jJAnanA arthamAM laTAve che. (11) kSatravidyA : A kSatriyAnI vidyA arthAt dhanuvidyA ke yuddhavidyA che. ekAyana ane kSatravidyAne rAjanItizAstranA prArabhika svarUpanAM paricAyaka mAnI zakAya. (12) dhruvidyA : devAnA svarUpa ane upAsanAvidhinuM nirUpaNa karatu` zAstra havAnu` vidvAno mAne che. rAdhAkumuda mukarajI enA athaM 'devapUjAnuM zAstra' evA kare che. zaMkarAcAya' ene 'niSkRta' mAne che. zrI. mukarajInA mata vadhAre svIkArya gaNAya che. (13) brahmavizrvA: zaMkarAcAya' enA atha' vedavidyA' arthAt vedAMgA' evA dhaTAve che. Do. rAjendra trivedI teno sabaMdha dra'nazAstra' sAthe joDe che. zrI, rAmaprasAda bakSI tenA atha 'prakRtividyA' evA kare che. (14) bhUvidyA : za karAcAya' enA atha bhUta arthAt jIvAnu` vijJAna' evA kare che. maeNkaDAna9 19 'bhUtapretAdinuM zAstra' ane zrI. ra'garAmAnuja30 'vazIkaraNuzAstra' evuM' athaghaTana svIkAre che. AcAya priyavratajI tene bhautika--rasAyaNu vijJAna mAne che. prAcIna upaniSademAM parAmaparA vidyAnuM nirUpaNu ] For Private and Personal Use Only [ 3

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(15) nakSatravidyA : enA nAma parathI ene atha 'khagALavidyA' dhaTAvI zakAya. zakarAcAya tene 'jyotiSavidyA' tarIke ghaTAve che. (16) sarpavidyA : zaMkarAcAya enA a`gAruvidyA' kare che. zatapatha brAhmaNu( 13/4/3/9 ) jevA graMthAmAM tenA saveda tarIke ullekha maLe che. sA~bhavataH temAM sapaviSa dUra karavAnI vidyAnA paNa samAveza thatA haze. (17) devajanavidyA : gAMdharvAM sAthe saMkaLAyelI devavidyA ane Ayurveda sAthe saMkruLAyelI 'javidyA' maLAne A 'daivajanavidyA' banI hovAnA zrI.rgarAmAnujanA mata che. zakarAcAya tenA aya 'ga...dhayukti' (attara banAvavAnI vidyA) tathA nRtya, gAna, vAdya ane zilpAdi vidyA' evA kare che. zrI. rAmaprasAda bakSI 'devayana vidyA' evuM pAThAntara svIkAre che. AcAya priyavratajI tenA atha lalitakaLAo" kare che. "" Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (18) vidyA : chAMagya upaniSad (7/1/2)nI yAdImAM jenA ullekha nathI evI keTalIka tatkAlIna vidyAomAM 'yavidyA' ullekha karI zakAya. ba. upa. (3/7/1)mAM dradezanA AcAya kApya yAtacalanA AcAya kuLamAM tenA paThana-pAThanane nirdeza maLe che. A badhI vidyAo uparAMta keTalIka vidyAo viSenA chUTAchavAyA ullekhA prApta thAya che, je ullekheA upaniSatkALamAM te te vidyAnA astittvanI gavAhI pUre che. upaniSatkALa sudhImAM Ayurve vidyAnA suMdara vikAsa thayelA jovA maLe che. zrR. 3pa.(6/4)mAM saMtAneAtpattivijJAna kSetre keTalIka AzcaryakAraka siddhinA dAvA karavAmAM AvelA jovA maLe che. . upa.(2/5/17)mAM vADhakApavidyAnA ullekha che. A uparAMta kAnUna, manovijJAna, jIvazAstra, vanaspatizAstra, dhama zAstra viSe pazu khUba ciMtana thayelu' jovA maLe che. upaniSaDhALamAM A badhI aparAvidyAonA abhyAsanI kevA prakAranI vyavasthA haze enA kathA spaSTa saMketA upaniSAmAMthI prApta thatA nathI, paraMtu Aje jema vizvavidyAlayeAmAM judI judI vidyAzAkhAe hoya che ane darekamAM judAM judAM zAstranA abhyAsa karAvavAmAM Ave che tema te kALamAM pazu evA bhinna bhinna AcAya kuLA avazya haze ke jyAM amuka cokkasa viSayAmAM vidyAthI o viziSTatA prApta karI zake. alabatta nArada jevA ziSya aneka prakAranI vidyAonA jJAtA prathanu chAMdogya UpaniSada (7/1/2) noMdhe che. A samagra carcAnA niSka rUpe eTalu te avazya kahI zakAya ke lagabhaga aDhI hajAra varSa pUrve bhArate vividha vidyAzAkhAomAM adbhuta pragati siddha karI hatI. eTaluM ja nahI upaniSatkALanA cito spaSTapaNe evu` mattansa dharAvatA hatA ke sukharUpa jIvana jIvavA mATe parAvidyA ane aparAvidyA khanenu potapotAnI rIte ane potapotAnA sthAne vizeSa mahattva che ja. *] pAkrIya 1. viTaraniksa (anu. lAjapatarAya), prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya' (hiMdI) motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANusI, 1958, pR. 42 2. upAdhyAya, baladeva, 'sa'skRta sAhitya kA ItihAsa, saptama saMskaraNa, 1965, pR. 31 .. yu. pa. 2/4/6, 4/5/2 vagere [ sAmIpya : AkaTo., '92-mArca', 199 For Private and Personal Use Only

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4. avidyAyAmantare vartamAnA svayaM rAH paNDita bhanthamAnAH / dandramyamANAH pariyanti mUDhAH andheneva nIyamAnA yathAnthAH / / nAyamAtmA pravacamena labhyo na medhayA na bahunA zrutena / 1. "tawtyAna mAM te arthAta te brahma, x arthAt brahAmAMthI janmeluM, 2 arthAta brahmamAM laya pAmanAra ane mana arthAta brAmAM laya pAmavAvALuM che. 9. sAhityadarzana, (bhAratIya) bhA. 1, (jJAnagaMgotrI graMthazreNu) 7 antargata upaniSada' nAmanuM prakaraNa, pR. 13 - ba. u51/5/5 . yAskAcArye potAnA niraktamAM potAnA purogAmI taiktone vAraMvAra ulekha karyo che jemAMnA AyaNa, audumbarAyaNa, aupamanyava, auSabha, kausa, kauSTraki, gAla, gAlava, carmaziro, teTiki, itavyabhAsa, AkAyayana ane zANi vagerene mukhya gaNI zakAya. 10. chAM. upa. 5/10/1-2mAM sUryanuM uttarAyaNa, mAsa, saMvatsara Aditya ane caMdramA viSayaka AvA ulekha prApta thAya che. 1. 31 s. rAjendra vivedI kula nikAlIna samAja evaM saMskRti, pR. 204 12. juo pAdaTIpa naM. 7, pR. 8 prastuta medhapatramAM have pachI AvatAM zrI. bahInA maMtavya 'pATIpa naM. 12 mujaba vAMcavAM. rIte 13. paTela, maganabhAI ca., upaniSada-jyoti, bhA. 1, pR. 174 . 14. juo yAdIpa naM. 11, 5, 24. paratuta ledhapatramAM have pachI AvatAM De. trivelanAM maMtavyo - pAdaTIpa naM. 14 mujaba vAMcavAM. - 15, ensieNpa inDiyana eroDa, mu. 19 14. Vedische studied, 1, p. 200 17. uddaghuta, pA. TI. naM. 1 - 18. uSata, maeNkaDonala enDa krIya kRta veli I-dhAma, bhA-1, 5. 119 19. udadhRta, pAdaTIpa naM. 15, 5. 108 20. ejana.. 2. ba. upa. 6mAM manavAMchita 25, raMga-aMgavALA saMtAnonI utpatti saMbhavita manAI che. prathAna upaniSamAM parA-apaza vivAnuM nirUpaNa TV For Private and Personal Use Only

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maharSi pANini ane saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra jeThAlAla , zAha* jagatanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsamAM bhAratanuM sthAna prAcInakALathI advitIya hatuM. bhAratanA vedo, brAhmaNagraMtha, AraNyaka, upaniSada, vedAMga gahana gaMbhIra darzanazAstro, vINAmadhura rAmAyaNa, medhagaMbhIra mahAbhArata, bhaktibhUSaNa bhAgavata tathA sArasamanvayI bhagavadagItA bhAratane ja amUlya vArase che. vizALatA, vaividhya tema nitya nUtanatAne kAraNe e vAraso viziSTa ane sarvazreSTha che. maharSi pANininuM vyAkaraNa 5Na saMskRta vADamayanuM evuM ja eka viziSTa ane vizvamAnya sarjana che. 2500 karatAM paNa vadhu varSo pUrvenuM e sarjana che chatAM enI vaijJAnikatA aditIya banI rahI I dezavidezanA vidhAnathI te prazaMsA pAmI rahyuM che. saMskRta bhASAne sthAyI svarUpa maharSi pANinie ja ApyuM che. ene prabhAva saMskRta yuganA samasta vAtmaya upara saceTarUpe pADela che. vyAkaraNanA viSayamAM bhASAnuM vyavasthApUrvaka pRthakkaraNa karavAnuM kArya to pANini pahelAM parApUrvathI ja cAlatuM Avela che. jagatanI bhASAomAM prAcInatara evuM koI sacavAyeluM svarUpa hoya to e vaDilI bhASAnuM ja che. A saMhitA janAmAM jana' bhASA svarUpa sAcavI rAkhe che. bhAratIya maskatanoe te vAkadevIne haMmezA IzvarapraNita kapI che. brahmAe vANI racI ane vANIthI vizvaracanA thaI. vAraMmAM vinA nAmathana AmAM to AkhA vizvane zabada brahmamAM samAvI dIdhu che. - vAlInI zaktinI jhAMkhI thaI eTale tarata ja enuM svarUpa jANavAnI jijJAsA vadhI. vedanuM satya svarUpa nIrakhavAnA prayAso thayA. vaidika saMhitAonA samayamAM koI eka ke anya prakAranAM vyAkaraNa astitvamAM hatAM ke nahI e kahevuM Aje muzkela che. chatAM vaidika saMhitAonA abhyAsamAM enI AvazyakatA anivArya hovAnuM vedanA cha ba gonA nidezathI spaSTa che. e mAvazyakatAnI pUrti mATe ja pachI vedanAM cha aMgone arthAta vedAMga sAhityane janma thayo. jema ke- zikSA kalpau vyAkaraNa nirukta chandasAMjitiH jyotiSAmayanaM caiva SaDago veda ucyate // vedanA A cha aMgone zikSAkArAe veda zarIranA vibhinna aMgenuM 25ka ApyuM che. yathA- chandaH pAdau tu vedasya hastau kalpo'thapaThayate / jyotiSAmayana cakSunirukta zrotramucyate / zikSA prANaM tu vedasya mukhaM vyAkaraNa smRtam // AmAM je te zAstrane tenA anukrame 5ga-hAtha-akhi-kAna-nAka tarIke oLakhAvIne vyAkaraNa zAstrane ta' makha kahevAmAM AvyuM che ane vyAkaraNa zAstranI saparitA tema sarvopayogitA mATe pUrata che. dAtha nAnane mATe niraktazAstranI svataMtra pravRtti thaI tathApi nirUkatanuM jJAna vyAkaraNa vinA saMbhavita nathI. vedAMgamAM vyAkaraNanuM sthAna gaNunAkrame bha le tRtIya che, paraMtu vedAthe jJAna mATe bhASyakAra pataMjali e che tema te pradhAnatama sAdhana che. (mahAbhASya, a. 1 pAda-1 A-1) vyAkaraNa jJAna vinA hAthanuM * "Umila", sAvalI, ji. vaDodarA [ sAmIpya he, 'la-mArca, 1997 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jJAna kevaLa duSkara ja nahIM paNa asaMbhavita ja che. vyAkaraNa-jJAna-zUnya vyaktinI nirUktamAM pravRtti nA vaicArika (ni ) (niraktaH 2/3) bhASyakAra pata jalie vyAkaraNa zAstrane AvirbhAva vedathI mAnIne pitAnA matanI puSTimAM rannA'rika * savAri vA, katAM kalAni, suvesi vagere vadama udadhRta karyA che. maMtra sAhityamAM bhAkaraNa ane niraktanI carcAo thatI maLI Ave che. eka maMtramAM pada prakAra zabdonA prakArane A rIte ulekha che-A ge te nAma, AkhyAta, u5saga ane nipAta. emAM nirdezala vRSabha e ja vyAkaraNazAstra. ene deva karyo che. enA traNa pAka te traNa kAla-bhUta bhaviSya ane vartamAna. be zISa eTale nitya ane kAryazabda athavA subatta ane tikhta pade sAta hAtha te sAta vibhaktio upara mujabanI samajatI mahAbhASyakA2 5taMjalie ApI che. nirAkAra yAskAcArye 5Na A maMtranA vivaraNamAM A cAra pada-prakAranI spaSTatA karI che. nAnA te roja niyatA reti vaiyAkaraNa : (nirakta -2). bIjA eka maMtramAM vANInAM cAra svarUpe-parA, pazyatI, madhyama ane vepArIne paNa nirdeza che. vaidika maMtromAM aneka pratyenI dhAtumUlaka vyutpattione nirdeza maLe che. jema ke- jo na kaSaH (tra 1-11-3) . saMhAMsi saha sA sane 1 (R0 6-66-8) vAmi sivinadi devAnA (ja. 1-20) che tapUra che saMnaH punAtu (yaju. 11-7) enavA vAmana punAte sadA (sAmaveda = uttarAcika 5-2, 8-5) tIrtani (athava* 18-4-7). A uddharaNethI spaSTa pratIti thAya che ke vyAkaraNazAstranA mULabhUta siddhAMtane Adisrota veda che. vyAkaraNa zabda je ke eTale jUne hevAnuM spaSTa thatuM nathI chatAM enA mULane pato yajuvedanA samaya jeTale june che. dAnA thAta tyAre gAvutiH (yajurveda : 19-01). - maMtra sAhitya ati vistRta thayA pachI enA saMgraha mATe upAya jAya ane pada pAThanI zodha - thaI vyAkaraNazAstramAM prakati ane pratyaya e pratyeka zabdanI vyutpattinI daSTie niyAmaka vastu che 'ene Acho pAtaLo khyAla brAhmaNa graMthamAMthI Ave che, paNa spaSTa svarUpamAM to zAka saMhitAonA 56 pATha karI ApyA temAMja Ave che pada pAThamAM vyAkaraNanI dArUAta spaSTa tarI Ave che, kema ke sadhi, samAsa vagerene aaN pADavAnuM kArya padapAThanuM che. vyAkaraNane zabda ane zAstra saMjJA tarIkenA ulekhA gepatha brAhmaNa (pUrvAdha 1-24) muDakepaniSada (11) mahAbhArata udyoga parva tema rAmAyaNamAM maLe che. brAhmaNa sAhityamAM vedAMgane khUba pipaNuM maLyuM che. gApatha brAhmaNamAM te vyAkaraNazAstranAM agamAMthI moTA bhAganA aga sacita thaI jAya che. jao OMkAra pRcchAmaH ko dhAtuH, ki prAtipadika ki nAma / havAraM, %i phif ivana, A vimaHi : pratha: nA svara , upasa niyAtaH, ki vebhyAkaraNa' ko vikAra: ko| kiad, tibhAtraH kArtivaH vAcakSaraH tivaH : saMcA , jisthAnanAvAnubahAnujarAna vagere. maharSi pANini ane saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra I [ 7 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gopaSa brAhmaNa samaya nakkI thAya ema nathI, paraMtu upaniSade tathA rAmAya- mahAbhAratanA samaya karatAM to te kayAMya vahelAne che. vyAkaraNa aMgene e ullekha jUnAmAM jUne che. hiMdu saMskRtinA ItihAsamAM brAhmaNa sAhityanA yuge te mahatvanuM pradAna karyuM che. brAhmaNa sAhityanA e yugane Creative Period athavA Transitional Period nA nAmathI oLakhavAmAM Ave che. vyAkaraNazAstranI utpati kare thaI tene niSa karave atyaMta pti che. bhAratIya itihAsa anusAra sarva vidyAonA bAdi pravakatA zA che. mArA viSayamAM gaNataMtra-vyANa , brahmA sahaspataye provAca gRhaspatirindrAya, - indro bharadvAcAya, bharadvAja RSimyA, payo mAjhamA mA avataraNamAM vyAkaraNanA maza; braho, haspati, indra ane dvAjane pravakatA kallAmAM wvyA che. mahAbhAkhethI sAta thayA che ke haspati e Ikane pratipATha dAsa zabdano upadeza mA . e samaya sudhI lakSaNAtmaka zAstranI pravRtti thaI na hatI. Indra pratipATha dvArA vyAkaraNa: padeza prakriyAnI darehatAno anubhava karyo ane pitAnA samayanA mahAna zAbdika AcAra vAnI sahAyatAthI eka evI prakriyAne prakAza pADo, je jUnAvika rUpe Ajapayata khavAta che. A aitihAsika ghaTanAne nirdeza taittirIya saMhitAnA nIcenA pAThamAM upalabdha thAya che vAgvai parAcyavyAMkRtAvadan / te devA indramabruvan imAM no vA vyAkuriti / so'ba vIdvAra vRNaimA caiveSa yAyave ca saha gRhayAtA iti / tAmindro madhyato, cakramya vyAkarote / AnI vyAkhyA karatAM sAyaNAcArye gAveda bhASyanA upadhAta (5. 26, pUnA saMskaraNa)mAM lakhe che- tAmakhaNDa vAca madhye vicchidya prakRtipratyayavibhAga sarvatrAkarot / / taittirIya saMhitAnA mA vacanathI eTale spaSTa che ke ene mAtaMtra praNetA Indra che. trAkataMtranA pUrvokta vacana anusAra vyAkaraNa pravakta AcAryonI paraMparAmAM IndranuM trIjuM sthAna che eTale e atyaMta prAcIna che. emAM koI saMdeha nathI. sanA-paribhASAnI daSTie khUba ja sarala evI adra vyAkaraNanI paddhati hatI evuM' De, belAre amanA sIsTamsa A saMskRta grAmara' 5. 11-12mAM kahyuM che ane teviyama' nAmanuM tAmila bhASAnuM prAcIna vyAkaraNa, kAtaMtra mAkaraNa, karasAyaNanuM pAli vyAkaraNa ane prAtiyA A eN pati sAcavanArAM vyAkaraNa che. eka purAtana caritrakAra tarIke zrI hemacaMdrAcArya mahAvIranI kathAmAM saMpradAyanI paddhatie janamayajagata banAvavAnI prakyiA anusAra vAritra, parva 10 ane 2mAM eka vyAkaraNanA mULa utpAdaka Ika nahI paNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ja che, enI mAnyatA pragaTa karI che ! jinabha, haribhadrasUri. nemicaMdrasUri Adi vetAMbara saMpradAyIoe paNa e mAnyatA deharAvI che ! paNa khuda hemacaMdrAcArye ja potAnA vyAkaraNanA prAraMbhamAM eMdhanA Adi kartA tarIke mahAvIranuM nAma ApyuM nathI. audra vyAkaraNanA praNetA [amIpya eka, mArca, 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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tarIke bhagavAna mahAvIrane kaSAya nirdeza karyo nathI, paNa tyAM te mahAbhASyakAranA smaraNane e dhvani dazAvela che. tema pitAnA vyAkaraNa graMthamAM aneka sthaLe aindranA matathI pitAno bhinna mata darzAvyo che! vastutaH jainadharmane koI anuyAyI nitIrthakaranA matathI judA mata dharAvI zakatA nathI evI janadhamanI mAnyatA che. e rIte judA mata dharAvanArane nihanava kahevAmAM Ave che. A uparAMta jaina saMpradAyanI evI paNa eka spaSTa mAnyatA che ke chakSastha sthitimAM vatatA hoI tIrthakara koI prakAranA zAstranI racanA karatA nathI. to pachI hemacaMdranA matAnusAra mahAvIra lokottara vyAkaNuzAstranI racanA zI rIte karI zake? - IndrathI laIne pANini sudhInA sudIrdhakAlamAM keTalA vyAkaraNa graMtha racAyA te ajJAta che. pANini pahelAMnuM eka paNa gyA karaNa Aje prApya nathI. ema chatAM enA pahelAM dhaNA vyAkaraNukAra thaI gayA hatA te eNe judA judA prasaMge te te vyAkaraNakAronA matono ullekha karatAM jaNAvyuM che. adhunA upalabdha vyAkaraNazAstranA graMthamAM savathI prAcIna pANininuM vyAkaraNa ja che. e pachInA vyAkaraNazAstra agenA ane traNa vibhAgamAM mUkavAmAM Ave che. yathA-(1), vadika zabda viSayaka -prAtizAkhya Adi (2) laukika zabda viSayaka--Ata trAdi (3) ubhayavidha zabda viSayaka-aNizali pANinIya adi. pANinithI prAcIna vyAkaraNa pravakatA AcAryonA paNa be vibhAga che. eka chamAtra viSayaka prAtizAkhya AdinA pravakatA ane anya sAmAnya vyAkaraNazAstranA pravakatA, - prAcIna kALamAM ki zAkhAonA jeTalAM caraNa hatAM te savanA prAtizAkhya racAyAM che. prAtilAge che ke zuddha svarUpamAM vyAkaraNa nathI. mukhyatve e to vaNa, udAdi svasa, uccAraNa ane saMdhi niyamo ja Ape che. ema chatAM paNuM emAM nAma, AkhyAta, upasarga ane niyati e cAra pada prakAra saMgAe pAribhASika zabda tema prakRti ane pratyanA viSayamAM jarUrI khyAla to Ape che ane e rIte vyAkaraNazAstrama upamenI mULatA mATe to te nidarzaka hatA ja. saMhitAnA pAThane abhyAsa vizleSita karavAnI AvazyakatA UbhI thaI tyArathI vyAkaraNanuM zAstra pragaTa thayu. saMhitAnA vipleSita pAThane padapATha kahevAmAM A , saMhitA ane 5da e bane svarUpamAM pragaTa thayelA bhASAnA niyamonuM kathana jemAM karavAmAM AvyuM tene pachI prAtizAkhya evuM nAma maLyuM. varanI pratyeka zAkhA prasaze ena' vivacana jada: kAlathI ja prAtizAkhya evuM viziSTa gaNAya evuM nAma pracAramAM AvyuM che. e prAtizAkhya graMtha te ja vastutaH jUnA vyAkarU graMthe. atyAre nIce pramANenAM prAtizAkhya upalabdha thAya che : (1) Rpha prAtizAkhya-zaunaka praNIta (2) vAjasaneya prAtizAkhya-kAtyAyana praNIta (3) taittirIya prAtizAkhya (4) sAma prAtizAkhya (5) atharva prAtizAkhya (6) maitrAyaNIya prAtizAkhya (7) AzvalAyana prAtizAkhya , (8) vAkkala prAtizAkhya (9) cArAyaNa prAtizAkhya maharSi pANini ane saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra ] For Private and Personal Use Only

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- A prAtizAkhyomAM keTalAMka mudrita che to keTalAMka hasta likhita svarUpamAM che. vastutaH A prAtizAkhya prAcIna mULa svarUpanAM nathI, paNa prAcIna prAtizAkhyo uparathI utarakALamAM kadAca pANininA samaya pachInAM navAM racAyelA hovAnuM pratIta thAya che. be zake te te zAkhAne pATha nakakI karavAmAM A prAtizAkhyAna moTe pALe che. vedI prAtizAkhyanA traNa adhyAya che. pAchaLathI e maMthanA AdhAre upalekha" nAmaka graMtha paNa lakhAya che. cAra adhyAyavALo athavaveda prAtizAkhya paNa zaunakanI zAkhAno graMtha manAyo che ane emAM A prakAranA graMtho karatAM vyAkaraNane viSaya vadhu carcAya che, vAjasaneyI prAtizAkhyanA ATha adhyAya che ane enA kartA tarIke je kAtyAyananuM nAma maLe che. te zaunaka pachInA ane pANinIya vyAkaraNa sUtranA vAtikakAra kAtyAyanathI bhinna hovA joIe. zrauta ane gRthAnA kartA pAraskaranA teo samakAlIna ane yAjJavalkayanA teo pratyakSa ziSya hevAnuM manAya che. A rIte AraNyaka upaniSade tema sUtromAM vyAkaraNa viSayaka prayogo jovAmAM Ave che; paraMtu pANininA pahelAM vadhu agatyanI tema vAskocAya ne samaya nakkI nathI. De, belavelakaranA mata pramANe teo I. sa. pUrve 800mAM thayA hatA, jyAre keTalAka vidvAno temane I. sa. pUrve 506 pahelAM thayelAM mAne che, paraMtu pANinie yAskano kayAMya nideza karyo nathI. tema yAska pANinine nireza karyo nathI. A uparathI te teo samakAlIna ho yA ekabIjAthI ghoDA purvakAlIna yA thoDA uttarakAlIna haze. I. sa. pUrve 700nI AsapAsanA pANininA thoDA ja varSa pahelAM I. sa. pUrve 800nI AsapAsa yAskAcArya thayA hovAnuM vadhu mate manAya che. yAskAcAryanA niruktathI jJAna thAya che ke enA pahelAM vyAkaraNa tema niraktanA mathe vidyamAna hatA. yAskanA e purogAmI vidhAnanI yAdi The. belavalakare pitAnA Systems of sanskrit grammermAM A pramANe ApI che. AgrAyaNa, agrAyaNa, audambarAyaNa, ozavAbha. kAtyakapa, kauTuki, gAgya, gAlava, carmazirasa, vaiTiki, naidAne nairuti, parivrAjake, yAjJika, pUnA yAjika, aitihAsika, aupamanya geyAkaraNa, pArSade, manuvArSAyaNi zAkayayana, zAkapUrNa thAkaya ane AaulAvI. AmAM zAkaya ane yAjJavaya pratispadhI hatA ema bRhadAraNyaka upaniSathI spaSTa thAya che. zAkaTAyana 5NuM samartha vidvAna hAI yAka temane ja vadhu anusaryA che. zrATAyane vyAkaraNazAstra viSayaka mahatvano koI madha ro te haze ja. pANini pahelAMnA AcAryanA prathomAM mAtra yAskAcAyane graMtha ja jaLavAI rahyo che, paNa enuM kharuM kAraNa to e graMtha kevaLa vyAkaraNa viSayaka nahIM, paNa pradhAnataH vyayatti zAstrane hovAthI ane e viSayamAM advitIya hovAthI ja jaLavAI raho che. yAskana e nirukta nAmano graMtha saMskRta sAhityamAM mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve evo hAI vizeSamAM te te pANinithI paNa pahelAMnA gavanA namunA tarIke AnaMdaprada nIvaDe e che. yAskAnA nirata prathama nighaMTu nAmanA pAMca adhyAyanA graMthamAM ApelA zabdonA vyutpatti sahita artha samajAvyA che. jarUra paDI tyAM damAMthI maMtra udhUta karI viSayane temAM spaSTa prAmANita karyo che. nirukta graMthithI mahattvanI eka vAta spaSTa thAya che ke yAskanA vakhatamAM ane sthAyI svarUpa maLI kayu hatuM. dane je pATha adhunA upalabdha che te ja pATha agatyanA taphAvata vinA tenA vakhatamAM paNa astitvamAM hato. nirakatanA abhyAsathI jaNAya che ke vAskanI badhI carcAo kauzAnika paddhatinI hatI. pratyeka praznane teNe taTasthapaNe vicAryuM che, 1*] [samayaH eNkahe, 'ara-nAca, 1990 For Private and Personal Use Only

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prAtizAkhyothI atirita keTalAka evA paNa vyAkaraNa graMthe upalabdha che jenI gaNanA prAtizAkhyomAM na hovA chatAM paNa jene saMbaMdha veda ane enI zAkhAo sAthe che yathA (1) phataMtra-zAkaTAyana thA audavajita (2) laghutra (7sAmata tra- vRji yA gAmRta (4) akSarataMtra-Apizali kRta (5) athavacaturadhyAyI-zaunaka yA kausaprIta (6) pratijJAsUtra-kAtyAyana kRta (7) bhASikasUtra: upara lakhelAM prAtizAkhya Adi zaidika vyAkaraNanA grathomAM 57 vyAkaraNa pravakatAnAM nAma upalabdha thAya che. 10 prAcIna AcAryonAM nAma pANinie aSTAdhyAyImAM ApyAM che. ethI atirikta 13 AcAryonAM nAma paNa prAcIna graMthomAM maLe cheprAti zAkhyomAM udadhRta AcAryonI gaNanA vadhu paDatI pratIta thAya paNa pANinithI prAcIna 23 AcAryonA nAma te ApaNane nizcitarUpe jJAna che. yathA-Indra, vAyu, bharadvAja, bhAguri pauSkara sAdi, ArAyaNa, kAzakumna, raiyAdhra paca, mAdhyandini, zaiDhi, zaunaki, gautama, vyADi, Apizali, kAzyapa, gAgya, gAlava, cAdavarmazu, bhAradvAja, zAkaTAyana, zAkalya, senaka ane phaTAyana. - pANininA graMthamAM prathama 13 nAma nathI, paNa pachInAM 10 nAma maLe che. A 23 AcAryomAMthI Ika, bhAgari, kARtna pauSkarasAdi ane Apizali e pAMca AcAryonAM aneka satra tathA mata prAcIna graMthomAM maLe che. Indra, vAyu, bhAguri, cArAyaNa, zaiDhi kAzasta gautama ane vyADInA ulalekhe mahAbhASyakAra pata'jalie karyA che. kAtyAyananA yajaHprAtizAkhyamAM bhAradvAjane nideza che. voyAdha 'pane kAzikAttimAM matolekha thayo che tema mAryAdinine paNa kAzikAgruttimAM ja ullekha maLe che. AmAM vyAti to pANininA mAmA thatA hatA. pANininA aSTAdhyAyI upara emane saMgraha nAmano graMtha hovAno pataMjalie spaSTa nirdeza karyo che. mekasamAre te prAtizAkhyo nirukta ane pANinIya aSTAdhyAyImAMthI badhA maLI kula 65 vyAkaraNakAronI tAravaNI karI che. (hisTarI eka saMskRta liTarecara, pR. 142). '. A AcAryomAM savathI adhika uddharaNa Apizali vyAkaraNanAM maLe che. Apizali' vyAkaraNamAM pANinIya vyAkaraNanI jema ATha adhyAya hatA ane enI sUtra racanA paNa pANinIya sUtra pAThathI prAyaH maLatI hovAnuM enA thayelA ulekhothI spaSTa jaNAI Ave che. pANinIya vyAkaraNanI jema Apizali vyAkaraNamAM dhAtu pATha, gaNapATha ane uthAdiThA e khilapATha paNa racAyA hatA. pANinIya vyAkaraNanI racanA kayAre thaI? ArUDha mAnyatAvALA vidvAne te pANinine I. sa. praveza 2890mAM mUke che. saMskRta vyAkaraNuzAstra kA itihAsa (pR. 17, 138)mAM zrI yudhiSThira mImAMsa ke ne pramANe ApI e matane siddha karavAne sabaLa prayatna karyo che. emaNe zaunakanA traprAti zAkhamAM aneka sthaLe Ava pANininA mAmA vyaDinA nAmane ulekha, sAmavedIya tatramAne maharSi pANini ane saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra [11 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pANininA nAmano ullekha vagere pramANe dvArA pANinine zaunakanA samakAlIna gaNI tene I. sa. pUrve 2800mAM mukavAno prayatna karyo che, paraMtu pANini hiMTamAM AvelA zakethI aNujANa hatA. zone pahele rAjA Isesa I. sa. pUrve 600mAM hato tethI enAthI aNajANa pANini enA pahelAM I. sa. pUrve 700mAM lagabhaga thayA hovAnuM moTA bhAganA vidvAne mAne che. Ama hovA chatAM pANinine kAla nirNaya vivAdAtmaka che. maMjazrImalaka95nA AdhAre zrI kAzIprasAda jayasvAla temane naMda mahApanA samaya (I. sa. pUrve 366- 338)mAM thayA hovAnuM mAne che. rAjazekharanI kAvya mImAMsA tema kathA saritsAgara uparathI paNa emanA pratane Teke maLe che. DaeN. belavalakara, The. rAmakRSNa bhAMDArakara, golDa sTakara vagere vidvAnee I. sa. pUrve 500nI maryAdA svIkArI che. Ama hovA chatAM pANininA vyAkaraNamAM prAkRta bhASAne nirdeza nathI. ethI teo buddhanI pUrve thaI gayA hatA. eTaluM che te nizcita rUpe kahI zakAya ema che ja. esa. ema. visana pitAnAM "InDiyana vijaDama" nAmanA graMthamAM lakhe che ke Aje paMjAbamAM jyAM lAhora che te sthAna prAcInakALamAM zalAtura nAmathI prasiddha hatuM. pANini tyAMnA nivAsI hovAthI teo zA5 turIya paNa kahevAyA che. mahAbhASyanA sarve sarva padAdezA dAkSI putrasya pANineH ekadezavikAre hyanityatva nopapadyate // lekathI pratIta thAya che. temAM temanI mAtAnuM nAma dAkSI hatuM tethI teo dakSI putra athavA dAkSepa nAmathI paNa oLakhAtA. temanA pitAnuM nAma "paNI' hatuM tethI teo pANina yA pANini nAme ja vadhu prasiddha che. - pANinIya vyAkaraNanA pAMca graMtha che-zabdAnuzAsana, dhAtupATha, gaNu pATha, uSNudisUtra ane viDagAnu zAsana. emAM zabdAnuzAsana mukhya che ane zeSa cAra enA khila yA pariziSTa che. zabdAnuzAsanamAM ATha aMdhAya hovAthI te aSTAdhyAyI kahevAya che. aSTAdhyAyImAM pratyeka adhyAyamAM cAra cAra pAda che ane emAM lagabhaga 4000 sUtra che. sUtra sAhityanI eka vizeSa prakAranI zailI che ane e zailI kevaLa bhAratamAM ja upalabdha che. pANinIya vyAkaraNa sUtronA racanA saurASThavathI prabhAvita banI rahI. sava* kaI enI mUka prazasa kare che. kahevAyuM che ke mahag vihita pANinIya athata pANinInuM zAstra mahAna ane saracita che. AvuM mahAne ane sundara zAstra enA pahelAM racAyuM nathI. meniyara viliyamsa ene mAnava mastiSkanI pratibhAne Azcaryatama namUna mAne che. sara viliyama haMTara enI varNahatA, bhASAno dhAtvavya siddhAMta ane prayoga vidhione advitIya evaM apUva kahIne ene mAnavamaMstiSkane atyaMta mahatvapUrNa AviSkAra mAne che. viSaya pratipALanI prakyiAnI gaMbhIra, vyApaka tema doSarahita evI vaijJAnika zailIne kAraNe pANininoe graMtha saMskRta vADamayanuM mahattvanuM pradAna che. pANini pachI paNa vyAkaraNuM 2 the racAdhA che, paNa pANinIya vyAkaraNanI samakakSatA emAM koIne prApta thaI zaM nathI. pitAnA graMthanI racatA karatAM pahelAM pANinIe dezanA dhaNu sthaLomAM pharI pharIne zabda mAmagIno saMcaya karyo hato. pratyeka pradezanAe prasiddha sthAnemAMnA uccAraNe, artho, zabdo, dhAtuo viSaka sAmInu paNa saMkulana karyuM hatuM. gaNu pAThamAM pANinie lagabhaga evA e uparAMta sthAnanI sUkI ApI che. pratyeka pradezanA prasiddha saMgha yA gaNu getre tema kaLAnI paNa eka vistRta sUci pANininA graMthamAM upalabdha thAya che. 12 ] [ sAmIpyaH ka., 2-mArca, 1990 For Private and Personal Use Only

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- pANinIya sUtra pATha para kAtyAyana prabhUti aneka AcAryoe vAtika pAThanI racanA karI hatI. emAMthI kevaLa sAta vAtikakAronAM nAma mahAbhAgya tathA anya prAcIna gra mAM maLe che H (1) kAtyAyana (2) bhAradvAja (3) sunAga (5) keSTA (5) vAva ( vyAM prabhUti ane (7) vedhadha. pataMjalinA mahAbhASyane mukhya AdhAra kAtyAyana viracita vAtike ja che. tathApi temaNe keTalAka sthaLe anya vArtikakAronA vAti ke 5Na udhRta karyA che, pataMjalie mAthurivRttine ullekha karyo che je paribhASAvRttinA kartA puraSottama deva anusAra aSTAdhyAyIMnI ja eka ati prAcIna TIkA hatI. svayaM pANini dvArA sUnI vyAkhyA thaI hovAnuM paNa pratIta thAya che. vAtikakAra kAtyAyana paNa eka samartha vidvAna hovAnuM jaNAya che. pANininAM lagabhaga 4000 sUtromAMthI lagabhaga 1500 sutromAM kAtyAyane kaMIka 'kaMI kSati darzAvI che. pachI e kSati anukata eTale kahevAnuM bhUlI gayA "A svarUpanI hoya athavA "kahevAmAM bhUla karI A jAtanI haya, joke Ama mAnavuM-pracalita hajAra zabdane saMgraha pANinie vismRtithI nathI ema mAnavuM e hai pANininI sarvasamata kAttara prazAmelAthI*viruddha che. prAtizAkhuM kAya* vedonI bhASAnuM avalokana ane tenuM vizleSaNa eTalA pUratuM maryAdita hatuM, paNa aSTAyAthI je bhASAnuM vyAkaraNuM manAya che e bhASA te vedonI gadya racanAM mAM, brAhmaNa, Arako jema upanija mAM maLe che. pANinie bhAmAbha . lokamAM pracali e "savamAdhdha bhASAnuM ja pANini e vyAkaraNa lakhyuM hoI enuM kAI vizeSa nAma "ma ApatA e tene mAtra bhASA' ja kahe che ane jyAM jayAM veda nI bhASAne saMbaMdha mAne che tyAM e besIne te cha kahe che. e prathI 2canA pachI enA niyamo pramANe je bhASA lakhavAmAM thA elAmAM rUDha banI 2hI enuM nAma ja pachI saMskRta paDaghu'. bhASAne koI paNa mAnadaMDa sAthe bAMdhIne prayatna ane udeza NinimAM je maLa nathI ja, thAkaraNukAra pANimi vastutaH eka mahAna saMgrahakAra hasa ane sahakAra 'rIke enI daSTi dhaNI. -vyApaka, sUkSma ane sahiSNu hatI. kAtyAyane pANinimAM keTalAka vidhAmA lAme potAnA dhAtikAmAM vAMdhA batAvyAM che paNa mahAbhAbakAra patajalie darzAvyuM che tema kAtyAyananA e dhIMdha pANininA vidhAnone barobara samajI na zakavAthI ja ema banyuM che. kAtyAyananA keka vidhAne ja pataMjali kahe che tema khAmI bharelAM che. A viSayamAM mane to lAge che ke kAtyAyana sava'za pANiAi vaphAdAra anuyAthI ma hAe pari. - pArTI tarapha emanuM valaNa vadhu hovAnuM jaNAya che. pANini e potAnA graMthamAM karelA sUtra pramANenAM vidhAnone teo pracalita bhASAnA mAne che jayAre potikakAra kAtyAyana evA sUtra chando viSayaka mAne che. pariNASAnA rUpa pracalita bhASAmAM mUkavAnI bhUla pANini jevA jAgRta saMgrahakAra kare ja nahIM. vastutaH pANini kAlIna ghaNu zabdono artha kAtyAyananA samayamAM saMpUrNa badalAI gayo hato. keTalAMka zabdo te lupta paNa thayA hatA. pratyavasAna = khAvuM, upasaMvAda = soda, abe Sa = aucitya, A zabdo tathA artho hAlamAM ja nathI ja.' kAtyAyana samayamAM paNa te prAcIna thaI gayA hatA. pANininA vakhatamAM "samIla" A rU5 bhASAmAM paNa vaparAtuM 'paNa kAtyAyananA vakhatamAM e rUpa mAtra vedamAM ja rahI gayuM. pracalita bhASAmAM vaparAtu' zabada svarUpa lupta thavAne mATe dhaNe samaya vyatIta thaI gayuM hoya ja eTale pANini ane kAtyAyana thaze dhaNuM kAlanuM aMtare mAnavuM paDe ja. bhASA te jIvaMta hAIne rAMka navA progAma vikAsa thayo hato te tenI pANininA te te sUtre u5ra ' jarUrI sthaLoe kAtyAyane pUti karI che. kAtyAyane pANininA graMthamAM che jemAM ane darzAvyA paNa emAM ene prati mahaSi pANini ane saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra] [ 13 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pakSIyamAne bhAva hato ema mAnavAnI jarUra nathI. kAtyAyananA vAtikanA kAraNe pANinIya zAstranI pUrNatA, prAmANikatA tema gaMbhIratAmAM vRddhi thaI che ja. kAtyAyananA manamAM pANini mATe khUba Adara hato. teNe mAvataH vALanaH signa kahIne pitAnA vAtikAne samApta karyA che. bhASAnA vikAsanI daSTie bannenA samaya vacce ochAmAM ocho 350 varSano samaya pasAra thayo hovo joIe. kathA saritsAgaramAM kAtyAyanane sa badha na denI sAthe darzAvelo hAI I. sa. pUrve 350nI AsapAsanA kAtyAyano samaya kArA che. kAtyAyana dAkSiNAtya hatA. temanA eka vAtikamAM evA kathA vinA airipu zabda che. tenA upara bhASyakAra kahe che - pataMjaline A kaTAkSa kAtyAyana upara che e spaSTa ja che. kAtyAyane pANininA sUtromAM je adhikAMza ume che temAM keTalAMka dakSiNamAM rUDha zabdaprayogo ane nAmane che. dakSiNettara bhASAmAM karaka tema kAlAMtara anya bhASA cine lIdhe pANininAM sUtromAM vAtikakAre nyUnatA joI haze. ene vAtiko sAmAnya rIte gadyamAM che ane keTalAMka 5damAM paNa che. - kAtyAyananAM A vAti ke sarala banAvavA pata jalie pitAnuM mahAbhASya racyuM che. vastutaH pANini nI aSTAdhyAyI kAtyAyananAM vArtAka tathA patajalinuM mahAbhASya A traNeyanuM sammilina rUpa e ja pANinIya vyAkaraNa A traNe munio vyAkaraNazAstranA suprasiddha munitraya nAme oLakhAya che. A traNe prathita vaivAkaraze kavio tema kAvazAo hovAnuM paNa pratIta thAya che. pANinie aSTAdhyAyImAM yamasabhIya ane IndrajanIya ema be AkhyAnonA tathA naTasUtranA kartAo tarIke zilAlita ane kalAzva nAmanA be AcAryono ullekha karyo che ( aSTAdhyAyI : 4: 7 1: 10-13 ). emaNe pite 5 jAbavatI jaya ane pAtAla vijaya bhamaka be mahAkAvyo lakhyA hovAnA paNa ullekho maLe che. kAtyAyane AkhyAyikAnA prakArane ullekha karyo che. pataMjalie paNa potAnA mahAbhASyamAM vAsavadatta sumanottara ane marathI nAmaka traNa mAkhyAyikAone nirdeza karyo che. maharSi pataMjaline samaya lagabhaga nizcita che. mahAbhASyamAM temaNe ApelA iha puSyamitraM yAna yAmaH aruNadyavanaH sAketam ane aLavane amijhama e traNe vAkaya dvArA e puSya mitra ane minenTara-milindanA samakAlIna hovAnuM spaSTa pratIta thAya che. akhA upara yavanee karelA humalAnI tAjIbAtamI vagere pramANe uparathI paNa te I. sa. pUrve bIjA zatakamAM thayAnuM vidhAnamAM sarvAnumate manAya che. yavanone bhagADI makavA mATe puSyamitra rAjAnI madada pataMjaline ja AbhArI che. te spaSTa lakhe che ke teDakaraH aa je hA tirvataH pIvamUvuM: (mahAbhASya : 1, 1, 1) arthAta te yavane ha alI he alI bolate bhAgyA hatA ! pANinIya vyAkaraNa para sarvathI mahatvapUrNa kRti pata jali viracita mahAbhAgya ja che. mahAbhAganI bhASA sarala, sarasa ane svAbhAvika che. graMtha racanAnI daSTi e mahAbhASya A bhUta che. mahAbhASyanI vizeSatA e che ke enI racanA anya graMthothI bhinna che. anya graMthomAM hoya che evuM adhyAya, pAda, kAraDa yA sopAna jevuM emAM kaMI ja nathI. kahevAya che ke vidyAthIo prAtaH kALathI sAyaMkAla sudhImAM jeTaluM vAMcI bhaNI zake teTalAnuM nAma pataMjalie Ahinaka ApyuM che. vidyArthIone AkhuM vyAkaraNa bhaNAvatAM pataMjaline 85 divasa lAgyA hatA eTale mahAbhASyanA 85 Ahinake che. 14 ] [sAmIyaH okaTe, '2-mArca, 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mahAbhASyamAM pataMjalie kAtyAyana uparAMta bhAradvAja, junAga, keSTA ane vADava-ema pAMca AcAryonAM vAtika hovAnuM noMdhyuM che. A bhinna-bhinna vAtikakAronA graMtho upara paNa TIkA graMtha hatA evuM paNa teNe karelAM keTalAMka nidezothI kahI zakAya ema che. mahAbhASya mATe kahevAya che ke . zAstreSu AdyaM vyAkaraNa mukhya tatrApi paannineH| . ramya tatra mahAbhASya ramyAstatrApipaspazAH // arthAta-vAmAM AvazAstra vyAkaraNa che. vyAkaraNomAM pANininuM vyAkaraNa mukhya che. temAM vaLI enA uparanuM mahAbhASya racyuM che ane temAya pazyathAM te parama rama che. ' A rajAttAvitrA e to mahAbhASyamAM prastAvanA rUpamAM Apela 55zAdinaka che. vastutaH e graMthAraMbhanI bhUmikA che. graMthanA prAraMbhamAM A prathama Ahinaka prastAvanA rUpamAM pataMjalinuM svataMtra vyAkhyAna che. payazA zabdane bIjo artha "guptacara' evo paNa thAya che. mahAkavi mAdha zizupAla vadhumAM kahyuM che ke zundravila ne mAti rAjanItiraNaspA" athata-pANinIya vyAkaraNa jema pataMjalinI bhUmikA sivAya ghethA jevuM che tema A rAjakArya paNa guptacara sivAya sAva arthahIna che. pataMjalina' ApaNane Aje maLata' mahAbhASya jotAM pratIta thAya che ke emAM pANininA je satro upara kAtyAyane vAtike lakhyAM hatAM te sUtre uparAMta bIjA keTalAMka sUtro upara pataMjalinuM bhASya che, paNa anya ghaNA sUtro bhASya vagaranA rahI jAya che. bhartRharinA vAkaya pradIpathI tema rAjataraMgiNImAM thayelA ullekhathI jaNAya che ke cothA saikA sudhImAM te pataMjalinu e mahAbhASya lagabhaga vichina banI gayuM hatuM. tenA prApta thatI keTalIka prata vikRta pAThavALI thaI cUkI hatI. bhatRharinA jaNAvyA magajaba zaka tane anusarazu karanArA bhaji, sobhava, hayaMsa vagere vaiyAkaraNanI taka paraMparA ja e gaLanI pratonI vikRti mATe javAbadAra che. sadabhAgye dakSiNanI prata ja eka mAtra zuddha hoI enA uparathI pachInA TIkAkAroe aneka prato tayAra karI hatI. bhatRharie ja pitAnA vAkaya pradIpa (kAMDa, 2, zloka 48thI 491mAM jaNAvyA pramANe trikuTa dezamAM AvelA triliMga dezanA koI parvatathI caMdra ane vasurAta vagere guruoe e naSTa thatA mahAbhASyanA Agamane hastagata karyo ane savizeSa pallavita karyo. rAjataraMgiNa kAra mahAkavi kahaNa 5Na rAjataraMgiNInA prathama taraMganA zloka 176 dhArA caMdrAcAyanA mahAbhASyanA punahAranA viSayamAM mAhitI Ape che. tema e eTaluM vadhAre jaNAya che ke caMdrAcArye pote paNa eka navuM vyAkaraNa raceluM che. pANininA mAmA dAkSAyaNa vyADie paNa pANininA aSTAdhyAyI graMpa upara eka lAkha leka parano saMgraha" nAmane eka mahAna vivaraNagraMtha racyo hato. pataMjalie mahAbhASyamAM e graMthano manA ha4 sAkSAyanaEUR saMpradAya kRtiH-e nirdeza karyo hoI enA samayamAM te e graMtha astitvamAM to ja pachInA keTalAka graMthomAM emAMthI pratIke vagere utAryA che, paNa bhatRharinA pitAnA graMthamAM karelA nideza pramANe enA samayamAM to e saMgrahagraMtha asta pAmI cUkayo hato. vyApinA e graMtha mATeno eka ulekha khUba ja mahattvane che. rAmAyaNanA uttarakAMDamAM- kAvyavaheMmAtha, saMpradR sita kaivI (36-4) maharSi pANini ane saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra] For Private and Personal Use Only

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e rIte saMgraha saMtha te dhAyela che. A uparathI te uttarakAMDanI stranA pANini ane cADinA samaya, pachI thaI hovAnI spaSTa pratIti thAya che. pataMjali pachI lagabhaga 500 varSa pachI, vAkya pradIpadma bhartuhari eka samartha mahAvaiyAkarasutarIke jANavAmAM Ave che. mahAbhASya upara saMskRta TIkA "pradIpikAnA kartA bhatRharinuM sthAna bhAratIya darzana paraMparAnA itihAsanAM khUba ja mahatvanuM che. vyAkaraNazAstra ane vyAkaraNadarzanane te hari vinA cAle tema nathI. avaidika paraMparAmAM ye ja evuM koI mahattvane lekhaka haze jeNe bhaharine ulekha na karyo hoya. A 500 varSa daramyAna pataMjalinA mahAbhASya upara aneka TIkAe racAI hatI evuM te maharie satAnA TIkA azamAM karelA nidezANI sapaSTa banI rahe che, paNa emanA pachInA spakaraNa vIkAkore hari jANe svajanma hoya e rIte tenA siddhAMtane, pramANamAnI tene upayega kare chemahAbhASyanA anya eka prasiddha sImakAra keTa to emanna lakhavA pramANe braharie taiyAra karI ApelA setu upara thaIne ja bhAkhyarUpI sAgarane pAra karI zakayA che. bhartuharie prIpi ane vAyamIpa ema be graMtha racyuM che. emAM vAkathapradIpa bhatRharinI uttama racanA heI tenI vaiyAkaraNa pratibhAnuM te uttama puSpa che. kAzikAkAra te temanA e graMthane rAbdArtha saMvadhanIya pra" kahe che. vAkayapradIpa traNa kAMDamAM vibhakta che. brahmakAMDa, vAkathakAMDa ane padakAMDa sauthI moTu padakITha heI e 32 kArikAe che ane emAM cauda viSayanuM sauda samude zomAM nirakSaNa thayuM che. bhartuharine pradIpikA TIkAgraMtha mahAbhAAna prathama sAta mahinA sudhInA bhAga upara atyata vistRta TIkA pe maLe che emAM bhAgyanA pratIke laIne TIkA karazanI paddhati harie svIkArI che. te eka vRttikA vAraMvAra ulekha kare che ane vRttipara te "kaNi herAne saMbhava che. bhatRhari bhASyakArane yuNikara tarIke oLakhAve che ene A TIkAgratha apUNa maLe che. takari pachI mahAbhASya uparanI mahatvanI samastha TIkA kayaTanI pradIpa nAmanI upalabdha thAya che. maTa kAzmIrane hatuM ane I. sa. 1850ma hayAta hara bhatRharinA banne prathAnuM tenA upara paNa RNa che. jyAM enI e TIkA upara 15 jenTalI TIkA maLe che eja ene graMthanI mahatA mATe pUratuM che mA TIkA ekaMdare sarala chata pADatya pUjA che, Aja to mahAbhASya jevA apanA, adhyayana mATe A pradIpa TIkA mukhya sAdhana che. ahIpanA 15 TIkAkArAmAM "ugho. nAka TIkAnA kartA nAgeza A nAgo bhaka (I. sa. 174 7pa)nuM nAma eka moTA kiraNa harIke prasiddha che. AthI atirikta mahAbhArthanA TIkAkAromAM meyarakSita, puruttamadeva, dhanezvara, zeSanArAyaNa. viparAmitra, nIlakaMTha vAjapeyI, zeSaviSNu, zivarAmendra sarasvatI, prayAga kaTAdi, tirUmalathajavA kumAra tanaya, rAjanasiMha, nArANa sarvezvara dIkSita ane nepAlaka zAstrI vagere lekhakee nAnI moTI thAe lakhelI che, pANininuM satra pATha upara aneka vasAkasaNIoe vRtti aMze paNa lakhyA che. svayaM pANinie paNa pitAnA satronI eka vRtti lakhI hatI. Aje aAgAmI uparanI u5labdha vRttiomAM kAzikAvRtti savathI prAcIna che. INi tathA mAthura AdinI vRttio hevAnA ullekho maLe che. paNa emAMnI eka paNa Aje upalabdha nathI. adhunA upalabdha kAzikSatti prAcIna ane prAmANika hoI enI mahattAne kAraNe tene pracAra bhAratanI bahAra paNa thayo che. kAzikAttinA vartamAna saMskaraNamAnA zarUAtanA [ sAmIpyaH eka.. hara-mArca, 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAsa ( 1 3 thI tathA anyatranA pAThothI vyakta thAya che ke jayAya ane vAmana baMne e pRthaka pRthaka saMpUrNa aSTAdhyAyInI vRttio racI hatI. e baMnenI vRttionuM mizraNa kakSAra ane zA kAraNe thayuM te jANI zakAya ema nathI. paNa jinendrabuddhie e baMnenA saMmizrita saMskaraNa para ja potAnI nyAsa nAmaka vyAkhyA racI hoI, enA pahelAM to e baMne vRttionuM saMmizraNa thaI cUkayuM hatuM. bhAgavRttinAM je uddharaNa vibhinna graMthomAM upalabdha thAya che, e anusAra bhAga tanI racaMtAthI paNa pUrve jayaditya ane vAmananI vRttionuM saMmizraNa thaI cUkyuM hatuM. bhAgavRttine racanAkAla vi. sa. 700 nI AsapAsa che. kAzikA jevA mahattvapUrNa graMtha para aneka vyAkhyAgra lakhAyA hoI emAM jinendrakRddhi viracita vyAsaapara nAma kAzikA vivaraNa-paMjikA savathI prAcIna ane vizada graMtha che. enA pachI haradatta-viracita padamaMjarInuM sthAna che. harada kAlikA para mahApada maMjarI paNa racI hatI (pada maMjarI, bhAga-1, pR. 72), Aje e upalabdha nathI. e graMthanA lekhaka vimalamati hovAnuM jaNAya che. purAttamadevanI bhASAtti tathA caraNadevanI ghaMTavRtti paNa upayogI graMtha che. AthI atirikta aSTAdhyAyI para lagabhaga 25 vRttio upalabdha to che paNa emAMthI hajI sudhImAM kevala anama bhadanI mitAkSara, razmadanI vyAkaraNadIpikA ane dayAnaMda svAmIkRta aSTAdhyAyI bhASya-e traNa graMtho mudrita thayA che. pAMceka zatAbdIthI pANinIya vyAkaraNanuM paThana pAThana pANini-viracita kamanI sAthe prakriyAkamathI paNa thavA mAMDayuM che. koIpaNa eka viSaya ke prakriyAnuM jJAna prApta karavA mATe keTalAka vidvAnoe prakaraNa yA prakiyAvAra viSaya vibhAga karI jarUrI sUtro ja ekaThAM karI ApyAM che. keTalAka vidvAne ema paNa mAne che ke prakriyAmanA AdhAranI apekSA pANinIya aSTAdhyAyInA kamanuM anusaraNa karavuM e ja adhyetAne mATe upakAraka che. prakriyA jhU mAM savathI prAcIna dhamakItine "rUpAvatAra" graMtha che. A dhamakIrti nyAyabiMdunA kartA dhamakIrtithI bhinna vyakti che. ene samaya vi. saM. nI bAramI thatAkhI ke ethI thoDA samaya pUvane che. anya prakriyA prathAmAM rAmacaMdra(I. sa. 15 mI sadI) viracita " prakriyA kaumudI ", vimala sarasvatI(I. sa. 14 mI sadI)viracita "rUpamAlA", bhadojI dIkSita kRta "siddhAMta kaumudI", keAI ajJAta lekhaka kRta "prakriyA ratnAkara" tathA varadarAjanI "madhya sidhAMta kaumadI" tathA "laghu siddhAMta komadI" ane nArAyaNa bhakata "prakriyA sarvasva" mRya prathA che. sihAMta kaumudI para graMthakAra-bhaddojI dIkSitata prauDha manoramA, vAsudevakRta bAlamaneramAM jJAnendra sarasvatIkata tasvaprabodhinI ane nAgeza bhadanI 'laghu zabdendu zekhara vyAkhyAo mukhya che. prakriyA aumudI para paNa zeSakRSNa tathA graMthakAra rAmacaMdranA putra viThThalanI vyAkhyA prasiddha che. pANini pachI pANinIya paddhatithI svataMtra gaNAya evAM vyAkaraNa paNa racAyAM che. emAM-kAtanna vyAkaraNa-A vyAkaraNanA be bhAga che, "tadita prakaraNu" paryanta pUrvAdha ane kRdanta prakaraNarUpI uttarArdha. tahitAnanA kartA zarvavarmA (I. sa. nI pahelI zatAbdI) manAya che, ane kAta- vRttikAre dugasiMhanA tAnamAra kAnta bhAganA racayitA kAtyAyana yA vararuci che. agnipurANa ane garuDa purANamAM kAtatrane kumAra athavA sakandaBkta kahevAyuM che. kAta- paranI sarvathI prAcIna vRtti durmavRtti che. jinabhasari ane jagadara bhadde paNa kAtatra para vRttio lakhI che. cAndra vyAkaraNa-vyAkaraNanA vAhanamayamAM pANinIya vyAkaraNa pachI bIjA sthAnanuM adhikArI A candra vyAkaraNa che. enI racanA caMdragAmi nAmanA bauddha vidvAne karI che. baudrAcArya caMdragomi vAstavamAM eka mahAna vaiyAkaraNI hate. adhunA maharSi pANini ane saMskRta vyAkaraNa [17 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ApaNI pAse patajalinA mahAbhASyane je bhAga upalabdha che, tene mATe samasta bhAratIyA e caMdrA cAnA atyaMta RNI che. e mahAnubhAve sAMpradAyika asmitAne vaza banI rahI, mahAbhASya tarapha upekSA karI hAta ! ApaNA dezamAM atyAre mahAbhASyanI upalabdhi hota ke nahI' e zaMkAspada che. A guNyAhI bhikSue atyaMta parizrama karIne mahAbhASyanI zAkhAte potAnA samayamAM khIlavI hatI. bhartRhari viracita vAkaSapradIpa(ra. 488-489)thI tathA kahanI - rAjatara`giNI(1, 174 thI 176) thI A hakIkatanI puSTi thAya che. cAndra yAkaraNamAM nA cha adhyAya maLe che. e cha adhyAyAmAM kvala laukika bhASAnA zabdonu anvAkhyAna che, emAM svara prakaraNa paNa hatuM, enI svAparI vRttithI ja e siddha thAya che. cadragAmie vaidika bhASA viSayaka satra paNa racyAM hatAM, kyA vyAkaraNu : 1, 1, 145 nIttinA vizeSamasTama zyAma : pAThathI vidita thAya che ke cA vyAkaraNamAM paNa mATha adhyAya hatA ane svara prakaraNa AThamA adhyAyamAM hatu' e maNa A pADhathI vikti thAya che. zruta: sAtamA adhyAyamAM vaikrika prakaraNa hovuM joIe e siddha che. cAndra byAraNanA svara vaidika viSayuka aMtima e adhyAma cirakAlathI naSTa thaI gayA che. cAndra vyAkaraNanA mukhya AdhAra pANinIya zabdAnuzAsana ane pAta jala mahAbhASya che, paNa enI sAthe eNe prAkSIna vyAkaraNAnA paNu Azraya lIdhA DhAvAnu 25STa pratIta thAya che, nendra vyAkaraNu-- vyAkaraNanI racanA eka jaina gabarAcAya nahie karI che. daivanaMdituM khIjuM nAma pUjyapAda svAmI che. A lekhake pANinIya zabdAnuzAsana para zabdAvatAra nAmaka eka nyAsanI paNa racanA karI che. pUjyapAda svAmIneA samaya I. sa. 450 pachInA che. vizrAMta vidyAdhara vyAkaraNa gaNuratna mahAdadhinA kartAe vAmanane vizrAnta vidyAdhara vyAkaraNane kartA jaNAvelA che. vAmano vizrAnta vidyAdhara yArtA (gaNu. pR. 2) hemaca`drAcAye. paNa keTaleka sthaLe A vyAkaraNuM kartAnA ullekha karyo che. zAkadrAyana vyAkaraNa--A vyAkaraNa pANinIya vyAkaraNane anusare che, enA upara eka ameAdha vRtti nAmaka meTI vrutti che. hemacaMdra pAtAnA vyAkaraNamAM A zAkaTAyatane ja anusarelA che. A zAkaTrAyana jaina digambara sa`pradAyanA ane pApanIya saMdhanA che. AcAya pAkSuini peAtAnI aSTAdhyAyImAM ja zAkaTAyanane ullekha kare che. te te vaidika hatA, A nahI. sarasvatI kaThAbharaNa-A vyAkaraNunA kartA dhArAdhipati mahArAja bhAjadeva che. graMtha mRtyuta vistRta che. graMthakAre gaNupAr3a, paribhASA pATha ane liMgAnuzAsana Adi sanA sUtrapAThamAM samAveza karI dIdhuM che. A zabdAnuzAsananA mukhya AdhAra pANinIya tema cAndra vyAkaraNu che. z daNDanAthanI 'hRdayahAriNI' nAmaka TIkA che. bIjI eka mahattvapUrNa TIkA 'kRSNalIlA' zukamuninI paNa hAvAnu jANavA maLyu che. siddhahema zabdAnuzAsana--A prasiddha graMthanI racanA humacadrAcArye karelI che. zabdAnuzAsanamAM saMskRta ane prAkRta tenuM anuzAsana che. prAraMbhamAM sAta adhyAyeAmAM saskRtanu` ane AThamA adhyAyamAM mAkRta, zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, cUlikApaizAyI ane apabhraMzanuM vyAkaraNa che. saMskRtanA 18 ] >> [sAmIpya : kaTA, '92-mArca', 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vyAkaraNanI sAthe prAkRta rasanI vagerenuM vyAkaraNa lakhavAnI prathAne Adi AvirbhAvaka AcArya hemacaMdra ja che, apabhraMzanA bhAgamAM emaNe je padya bhAga Ape che te bhASAzAstranA pratihAsamAM khAsa sthAna le e che. hemacaMdranuM vyAkaraNa gujarAtanuM pradhAna vyAkaraNuM che. enI racanA kAta-nI jema prakaraNanusArI che, hemacaMdra pitAnA vyAkaraNamAM dhAtupATha, gaNapATha, ubudisUtra ane liMgAnuzAsana nAmaka khilapaThanI paNa racanA karI che. potAnA A vyAkaraNanI parI vRttimAM hemacaMde pote aneka lagabhaga 35 jeTalA vaiyAkaraNanA matonI vivekapUrvaka AcanA karI che. hemacaMdranuM A vyAkaraNa aneka vyAkaraNanA navanItarUpa che. abhinava zAkaTAyananA vyAkaraNane hemacaMdra vadhu anusarelA che. A vyAkaraze uparAMta bopadevAI. sa. nI 13 mI zatAbdI) nuM mugdhabodha vyAkaraNa, kamadIzvara (I. sa. nI teramI zatAbdInI AsapAsa) nuM jora vyAkaraNa, anubhUti svarUpAcArya(I. sa. nI 13 mI zatAbdI kRta sArasvata vyAkaraNa tema I. sa. nA 14mA saikAnA pAnAbhadattanuM saMpA vyAkaraNa vagere vyAkaraNa dvArA pANininI aSTAdhyAyInI vizadatA tema paribhASAnI daSTie pratIta thI keTalIka jaTilatAne saraLa banAvavAnA prayatna karavAmAM AvyA che. lagabhaga badhA ja vaiyAkaraNe svataMtra gaNatA hovA chatAM pANinIya paddhatinA ja puraskArake che, vastuta: zabdAnuzAsana racayitAenI samApti hemacaMdrathI ja mAnavI joIe, emanA pachI koI paNa vyAkaraNa evuM racAyuM nathI ke jene vAstavika rUpamAM vyAkaraNa kahI zakAya. AcArya vyAti apara nAma dAkSAyaNa kRta "saMgraha', AcArya bhatRharikRta "vAkyapradIpa' ane nAtha bhaTa kRta "laghumaMjUrA" vyAkaraNazAstranA dArzanika graMtha che. ethI atirikta anya keTalAka vAsanika graMtho maLe che, paNa A traNa graMthe ja mukhya manAya che. - pANinie potAnA vyAkaraNanA lagabhaga 4000 sUtro ATha adhyAyamAM ane dareka adhyAyanA cAra pAra e rIte 32 khaMDamAM phALavI nAkhyAM che. pU. zrI kezavarAma zAstrI lakhe che tema e vyAkaraNanI sUtraracanA prAya: enA asala svarUpamAM sacavAyelI kahevAmAM khAsa bAdha nathI. pANi _ninI e vizeSatA che ke eo vaidika temaja saMskRta bhASAnI jhINAmAM jhINI bArIkIne pakaDI pADe che ane vizALa zabda samUhamAM mULAne ane emAM pravatita badhA ja prakAranI prakiyAne AvarI le che. Aje paNa evI sthiti che ke pANinIya paddhatie je vidvAno taiyAra thayA hoya teo vyAkaraNanA paMDite kahevAya che. sUtra eTalAM nAnAM che ke lAdhavanI parAkASTA thaI gaI che. sUtronI nirUpaNa banI zake teTalI lAgavagayukta che. pAThakone mATe maLo vajharamujI sUtragha vAti me jati :- | ukti anusAra TIkA ane bhALyA vinA emAM praveza karavo e zakaya ja nathI. sUtronA lAdhavanA bala para ja nAgaze potAnA "paribhASendra zekhara" nI racanA karI che. kahe che ke mAtraTAni di yutrotsava manyante vaiyAkaraNA: arthAt sUtramAM jo eka vyaMjana mAtranuM paNa ochA5NuM banI zake te ethI vaiyAkarane patra janama jeTalo AnaMda maLe che. A suprasiddha uktine bArtA varSanA mahAna vaiyAkaramAMthI mAtra " pAzanae ja caritArtha karI ApI che. emaNe mAtra 14 pratyAhAramAM samagra vane samAvI dIdhA che. e ja emanI buddhizakti mATe pradarzaka che. svare ardhasvare, anunAsika vyaMjano. ghoSa vyaMjane, maharSi pANini ane saMskRta vyAkaraNa) [ 19 For Private and Personal Use Only

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aSa vyaMjana ane uSmAkSara e kame emaNe vaNenI goThavaNI karI ApI che, eka sUtra che : geraLa yaLo #DanArAne (1-3-67) A para bhadojI dIkSite lakhyuM che : NeraNAvitisUtrasya artha jAnAti pANiniH / aha' vA bhASyakAro vA caturtho neva vidyate // arthAta A sUtrane bhAgya ane TIkA vagara koI jANI zake che te pANini bhASyakAra ane huM e sivAya koI e nahIM. pANini viSe ema kahevAya che ke bhagavAna zaMkara prasanna thaIne ene cauda zivasUtra ApyAM hatAM. juo. nRttAvasAne naTarAjarAjo nanAda DhakkAM navapa'cavAram / . uddhartukAmaH sanakAdi siddhA netadvimaze' zivasUtrajAlam / / AmAM paNa bhagavAna zaMkare ziva rahyAM hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. bIjI eka mAnyatA evI paNa che ke kAttikeya zaMkara pAsethI vyAkaraNa bhaNyA ane pachI pote no graMtha racyo. AthI eTaluM to spaSTa phalita thAya che ke vyAkaraNazAstranI zarUAta ati prAcInakALathI thaI hatI. A vyAkaraNa vize cokkasa mAhitI na maLI zakavAthI vyAkaraNazAstrano janma kaI devI zaktine AbhArI hate ema mAnI levAyuM che. pratyeka zabdAnuzAsananA kartAne dhAtupATha ane gaNapAThanI racanA karavI paDe che, keTalAka vaiyAkaraNae kazudisatra ane liMgAnuM zAsananI paNa racanA karI che. e cAra upara jaNAvyuM tema zabdAnuzAsananA khila arthAta pariziSTa kahevAya che. e pAMce avayavono samUha paMcAMga paMcapAThI Adi nAmothI vyakata thAya che. dhAtupATha-saMrakRta vyAkaraNazAstranuM mukhya projana pratyeka padanA prakRti pratyaya vibhAgane darzAvavAnuM che. zAkaTAyana prati vaiyAkaraNae samasta nAma zabdone AkhyAtaja arthAt dhAtuja ataH dhAtupATha vyAkaraNazAstranuM pradhAna aMga che, upalabdha dhAtupAThAmAM pANinita dhAtupATha sarvathI prAcIna che. pANinithI prAcIna ApizalinA dhAtupAThanA ulekhe paNa aneka prAcIna sAmAM maLe che. pANinIya dhAtupATha para kSIra svAmI, maya rakSita ane sAyaNanI vRttio upalabdha che. cA dhApATha upara pUrNa caMdranI vRtti che. kAtatrane dhAtupATha tibeTI bhASAmAM upalabdha thAya che. janendra abhinava zAkaTAyana tema hemazabdAnuzAsananA 5Na potapotAnA pRthaka dhAtupATha vidyamAna che. hemacaMdra potAnA dhAtupATha upara pArAyaNa nAmaka vRtti 5NuM lakhI che. eka ja prakAranA pheraphAro pAmatA zabdonA gaNa spaSTa karavA judA gaNapAThanI racanA thaI hoya che. gazupATha-zabdAnuzAsananA sUtrapAThane saMkSipta banAvavAne mATe gazupAThanI racanA thAya che. ApizAlinA gaNapAThano ullekha bhatRharie mahAbhASya pradIpikA (1-1-27) mAM karyo che. pANinIya gaNapATha kAzikA Adi vRttisramAM samAve che. tema pRthapha svataMtra rUpamAM paNa maLe che. caMdrane gaNapATha enI vRttimAM pragaTa che. janendra, zAkaTAyana AdinA gaNapATha paNa vidyamAna che. gaNapATha u5ra jana vidvAna vadhamAnasarita gaNaratna mahodadhi" graMtha paNe utkRSTa che. emAM prAya: sava gaNapaThAnI vivecanA che. pANinIya gaNapATha u5ra 5rIzvara bhada kRta gaNaratnAvalI nAmaka TIkA maLe che. gaNapAThamAM moTe [sAmIpa : kahe, '92-mArca, 1990 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAge tA samAna niyamamAM AvatA badhA zabdo saMgRhIta karyAM DAya che. aAma chatAM badhA samAI nuM zakarA hAya ane evA bIjA ghaNA hoya teA AAti gaLoDayam-~ Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir A prakAranA bIjA traNA che ema kahIne calAvI levAmAM AvyuM hoya che. uSNAdisatrazAkaTAyana Adi keTalAka vaiyAkaraNa saMpUrNa nAma. zabdone dhAtu ja mAnatA hatA, emanA saMpradAyanI rakSAne mATe uttaravatI' AcAryAMe pAtAnA zabdanuzAsananA pariziSTa rUpamAM uNAdisUtronI racanA karI che. prAcIna uNAtri e prakAranA maLe che. eka paMcapAdI ane bIjA dakSapAdI. baMnenI tulanAthI e spaSTa pratIta thAya che, ke dazapAdInI racanA poMcapAdInA AdhAre thaI che. keTalATa vidyAnA paca pAdI uNuATTisUtro zAkaTAyana viracita mAne che. nArAyaNu bhaTTe to prakriyA savasvanA uNAda prakaraNamAM spaSTa lakhyuM che ke 'capAdI uSNAhitro pANinivRta che, paraMtu mane to lAge che ke pacapAdIstro AApilinI kRti ane dazapAdI pANininI kRti hAvI joIe. paMcapAdI uSNAditro upara lagabhaga 20 TIkA thaI hAvAnu jaNAya che. emAM zvetavanavAsI ujjavalAtta ane svAmI dayAnaMdanI vRttio zreSTha che. zaSAdI upara paN traNa vRttie maLe che. emAM eka vRtti viThThalanI "prakriyA-- kaumudI" prasAdAntagata che ane bIjI e ajJAtanAmA che. kAtantra, cAndra, sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNu, hemavyAkaraNu vagerenAM potapeAtAnAM uNuAditro ane te upara thayelI TIkAo paNa upalabdha che. uSNAdisUtro ane te upara thayelI vRttiene itihAsa zrI yudhiSThira mImAMsake peAtAnA "dezapAdI uNAddivRtti' nA upAddhAta (pR. 20) mAM vistArathI lakhyA che. zabdonI khAsa prakAranI vyutpatti ke vikAsa darzAvavA uNuAdisUtro ane phriTasUtro apAyAM che. liMgAnuzAsana adhunA sa`thI prAcIna pANininuM ja liMgAnuzAsana upalabdha che. liMgAnuzAsana kAzanI daSTie khUba mahattvanuM che. vyAssi viracita liMgAnuzAsananA aneka uddarA prAcIna graMtheAmAM upalabdha thAya che. vAmana, zAkaTAyana, vara uci ane hemacaMdranAM liMgAnuzAsana paNa mAja upalabdha che. e upara TIkA paNa thayelI che. cAndraliMgAnuzAsana paNa dhaNA graMthAmAM uSkRta che. saMskRta bhASAmAM liMgajJAna atyaMta duSkara che. eTale pratyeka vaiyAkaraNe li'gAnuzAsananI racanAo karI che. maharSi pANini ane saMskRta vyAkaraNa ] vyAkarazAmanuM prAcIna vADmaya dhaNuM vizALa che. A nibadhamAM mAtra sa`skRta vyAkaraNazAstranA pradhAna lekhaka ane emanA graMthAneA sa`kSipta paricaya karAvyA che. vyAkaraNanAM saMprati upalabdha vADmayane vistArathI paricaya vidvAna lekhaka zrI yudhiSThirajI mImAMsake peAtAnA saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstranA itihAsa' graMthamAM ApyA che. A lekhamAM emanA e graMthanA tathA zrI kezavarAma zAstrIjInA siddhAMta kaumudI'' nA anuvAdamAMnI emanI prastAvanAnA paNa jarUrI upayAga karyAM che. ane vidvAnanA huM RNI hAI emanA tarapha AbhAranI lAgaNI vyakta karu chu. For Private and Personal Use Only [21

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viSNupurANanAM keTalAMka aitihAsika pAsAM Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ramaNalAla nAgarajI mahetA * prAstAvika purANa, tenA vividha arthoM paikI eka aya bhAratIya paraMparAnI eka vidyAzAkhA hovAnu darzAve che, purANu e vidyAzAkhA haiAvAnI para parA athavavedanAM trAtmakAMDanA chaThThA sUkta jeTalI prAcIna che, athava vedamAM sUkta pramANe jyAre trAtya arthAt paramezvara bRMhatI dizAmAM gati kare che tyAre tenI pAchaLa gAthA, nArAza'sI, itihAsa ane purANu gati kare che, A vicAra pramANe mR hatI dizA e vikAsanI dizA che. te tarapha janAra vyakti ane samAjane atItamAM banelA banAvAnA jJAnanI jarUra rahe che. A jJAna gAyA, nArAzasI, itihAsa ane purANu mAraphata maLe che. atItanI vAta karatAM ApaNe samaya ke kAla pravAhanI pAzvabhUmikAmAM carcAvicAraNA karatA hAIe chIe. tethI anAgata kAla, vartamAnamAM thaIne atItamAM badalAtA hAI atItanI sAmagrI satata vadhatI rahetI hAvAnuM spaSTa thAya che. mA satata vadhatI sAmagrImAM navA navA aMze umerAtA naya che. tethI teneA samAveza karavA mATe ItihAsa tathA purANuvidyAe satata prayatnazIla rahevu paDe che. A prayatnamAM navA sAhityanI racanA thAya che, tenI gaNanA itihAsa-purANanI virdozAkhAmAM thatI hAvAthI, purANu eTaNe jUnI racanA ema mAnavAne badale, atItanI saga, pratisaga, vaza, vaMzAnurita ane manvaMtaranI hakIkatAnuM varNana karatu. sAhitya purANu che, te samaye samaye lakhAya che, evA abhiprAya vAstavika paristhiti sUcaka che. jyAre atItanA jJAnanI carcAvicAraNA thAya tyAre atItanA jJAnanAM sAdhane-maukhika ane likhita vANIgata, ane pAribhAgika, paddAgata sAdhane dvArA tenI satyaniSThA tapAsavI paDe che. AvA parIkSaNunu kArya karavA mATe likhita sAmagrInI samIkSita vAcanA karavI, maukhika sAmagrIne likhita sAmagrInI sahAyathI tapAsavI, tathA sthaLa-tapAsa dvArA purAvastuvidyAnI madada levI, ema vividha dRSTibiMdue ane kArya paddhatinI AvazyakatA rahe che. A kA' paddhati anusAra ame viSNupurANanAM aitihAsika pAsAMo paikI keTalAMkanI tapAsa karI che. kAraNa ke mallapurANuM,' zrImAlapurANa,2 dharmAraNya, kaMdapurANAMtarita komArikAkhaMDa,3 nAgarakhaMDa4 AdinAMadhyayanamAM A kArya paddhati asarakAraka rahI hatI ane padmapurANAntagata sAbhramatI mAhAtmya, temaja vizvAmitrI mAhAtmyanA adhyayanamAMpa paN tenI zaktinA anubhava thayA hatA. * gujarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAda 22] For Private and Personal Use Only [sAmIpya : AkaTA., '92-mA', 1993

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viSNupurANa vipazupurANanI gItA presa gorakhapuranI AvRttinA trIjA aMzanA 6 adhyAyanA 25 mAM blokamAM cauda vidyAo paikI purANanI noMdha che. A purANanA 3, 6. 25-27 tathA 6, 8, 2 ane 13 mAM lekamAM purANamAM sarga, pratisarga, vaMza, vaMzAnucarita tathA anvataranI hakIkata hevAnI spaSTatA karI che. viSNupurANa, paurANika paraMparAmAM potAnuM sthAna spaSTa kare che. te pramANe tenA adhyayanadhI puruSArtha siddha thAya che, ane sava pApane nAza thAya che (, 6, 25 ane 27 tathA 6, 83), A paristhitimAM te vaiSNava purANa hovAnuM darzAve che. viSNupurANa sarga, pratisagaMti atItanI ane anAgata pravRttio vaiSNava dRSTie nIhALe che. tenI racanA cha aMzo, 126 adhyAya ane 6415 zlekanI che, ema gItApresanI AvRtti darzAve che, paraMtu tenAM bIjA pAThAMtaro hovAnI mAnyatA paNa che, tenuM adhyayana apekSita che. A viSaNupurANanA prathama aMzamAM sargonI carcA che, bIjamAM vaza, khagoLa, bhUgoLa, tathA bharata ane bhUnI hakIkata che. trIjA aMkamAM mavaMtaranI hakIkata prathama be adhyAyamAM che ane tyArabAda yuga vana, vidyAo, mAnavonA sAmAjika ane vyavahAranA dharmo, zrAddha, nagna, mAyAmAha AdinI carcA che. cothA aMzamAM vaMzAnucaritanI kathA Ave che, ane temAM parANanI paraMparA ane upasaMhAra Ave che. tene pAMcamo aMza karaNacaritra che, ane chakA aMzamAM kaliyama nirUpaNa kAlamAna, kalamavarNana, vilaNanI stuti, brahAyega, purANu prazaMsA ane umasa hAra Ave che, A purANanA upakramathI upasaMhAra sudhInA bhAgo jotAM te potAnI vyAkhyA pramANe sAmAnya rIte vartana rAkhatu jaNAya che. paraMtu tenA trIjA aMzamAM tathA anyatra temAM avyavasthA dekhAya che. ApaNAM darzana, vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa jevAM vividha zAstronI vyavasthA jotAM A paurANika avyavasyA keTalAka saMzaya UbhA kare che, tenI vicAraNA karavAne ame prayAsa karyo che. purANanI kAryapaddhati - viSNupurANa vedavyAsanA pitA parAzaranA maitreya sAthenA vArtAlApathI zarU thAya che, jaya. parAzarane saga. pratisa, bhUgoLa, khagoLa, vaMza, manvatara, ka5, yugadhama jevA viSayo para prazno pUche che. tenA parAzara uttara ApatAM jaNAve che ke temanA pitAmaha vaziSTha sAthenA vArtAlApa tathA pulaspanA AzIrvAdathI temane purANa saMhitAnuM jJAna thayuM hatuM. Ama viSNupurANane prAraMbha junA vArtAlApanI smRti hovAne tenA vaktAne abhiprAya che. viSNupurANa e vArtAlApanI smRti athavA yAdadAsta tarIke lAMbA vakhata sudhI astitva dharAvatA sAhitya prakAra che, tethI smRtinA balAbalanI keTalIka vigato jotAM samagra vizvamAM aneka prANIo ane manuSyone moTAbhAgano vyavahAra smRti para AdhArita hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. ' potAnI anabhavelI pravRttinuM saMpUrNa jJAna bahu ochuM jampAya che tethI atimAM kalpanAnA janma aMze bhaLIne tenI paraMparA cAlatI hoya che. - bizaparAga A hakIkata pratIkAtmaka rUpe nedhI che. viSNupurANanA 1. 10. 7 mAM avine AsisanI paranI cAra putrIonI mAtA jazuvI che. temanA nAma cakA, anumatI, rinIvANI, kaka vizApurAnAM keLAMka etihAsika pAsAM che. T 24 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Acharya Shri Kailassagarsun Gyanmandir zakA kak che. A cAra nAma viSNupurANa 2.8.80 mAM Ave che. tyAM tene ullekha tithio tarIke che. A baMne varNanane kATho banAvavAthI tenuM arthaghaTana zakaya bane che te atre dazAvyuM che. Arisa ane smRti caMdra ane tithi athadhaTana : tithi smRti rAkA. pUrNimA mRti yathAtathI anumati anumati pazimAnI caudasa : kaMIka jalAyelI smRti athavA paDe sinIvAlI sinIvAlI amAsanI caudasa : moTe bhAge naSTa thayelI athavA 5 smRti amAsa saMpUrNa naSTa thayelI smRti. A koThAnI madadathI viSNupurANe darzAvelAM smRtinAM belAbAla samajAya che. smRti baLavAna rAkhavA mATe mAnave e vividha paddhatio vikasAvIne tene jarUra pramANe upayoga karyo che. mAtra maukhika paraMparA yathAtatha jaLavAya tevA viziSTa prayoga saMhitAnI vedanI paraMparAmAM che. tevo prayoga - savatra nathI, purANAe A hanI viziSTa paddhati apanAvI nathI, kAraNa ke tenuM kArya upakhaMhaNa arthAta samajatI ke vistAranuM che, tethI temAM pheraphAra, carcA vicAraNAne ghaNe avakAza che. ApaNuM anabhava pramANe 5Na jada jade prasaMge smRti baLavAna hoya to paNa teno upayoga thato nathI. tathA bhUtakALanA banAvonI carcAvicAraNAmAM aneka ka95nAono Azraya levAmAM Ave che, tethI maukhika paraparA mULa aMze kaMIka aMze sAcave che ane tenuM dezakAlAnusAra athadhaTana karatI rahe che. A sAmAnya vyavahAranA pheraphArone vyavasthita svarUpe samajavA mATe vyavahAranuM mULa svarUpe jALavavA mATe ApaNe lekhanakaLA vikasAvI che. lekhanakaLA lekhanakaLA e pratIke dvArA lekhana sapATI para bhASAnA svara-vyaMjana prakriyAthI abhivyakta. thatAM zabdo ane vAko sucavavAnI kaLA che, svara-vyaMjana prakriyAnAM rekhAtmaka pratIko ane tenA saMta samAjamAM jyAM sudhI sthira rahe tyAM sudhI lakhelI sAmagrI kAryasAdhaka rahe che. A sAmagrInI lekhana sapATInuM jIvana lakhANunuM jIvana hoya che, tethI tene saMcaya kara, tenuM saMrakSaNa karavuM aneM rane nAzamAMthI bacAvavA ke anya upayoga mATe anya padArtho para tenI nakala utAravAnuM kAma pustakAlayo, daphatarakhAtAM, cittAkeza bAtimAM cAlatuM hoya che, tene mATe sAmAjika cetanA ane sahakAra Avazyaka che. tenA abhAve likhita sAmagrI naSTa thaI jatI hoya che. ane badalAyelI deva kALanI paristhitimAM janI lekhanakaLAnuM jJAna nAza pAmyuM hoya che. anveSaNa paddhati - jyAre likhita sAmagrI sacavAyelI hoya, tyAre te atItamAM thayelI smRti saMgrahanI pravRtti tenA . kALanI paristhiti pratibiMbita karatI hoya che, tethI A jJAna mATe prAcIna lipivitA abhilekhavivA, hastapratavidyA bAlanI madadathI paraMparAnA prAcIna mULa aMze. temAM thayelA pheraphAra samajAya che, A pravRtti mATe samIti AvRttio taiyAra karavA prayatna thAya che.' 24). [sAmIpa : okaTa, 8-2-sAya, paNa For Private and Personal Use Only

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viSNupurANanI samAkSita AvRtti taiyAra karavA mATe ekatra karelI hastapratenI sAmagrImAM sauthI jUnI hastaprata teramI sadInI AjubAjunI che. tethI te pahelAMnI viSNupurANanI pravRtti samajavA mATe te graMthanuM aMtaraMga parIkSaNa karIne temAMthI vyakta thatAM sAmAjika yitana tathA paristhitinuM adhyayana Avazyaka bane che. A rIte maLatI mAhitInI pAribhAgika sAmagrI sAthe tulanA karIne tenI madadathI bahiraMga parIkSaNa karavAthI graMthanA lekhanasamayamAM deza-kAla AdinI dhaNI sAmagrI prApta thatAM tenI samaja vadhe che. pAribhogika sAmagrImAM anya tAmrapatrAdi lakhANe, zilpa, sthApatya tathA upakaraNe Adine samAveza karavo paDe che. * * " Ama lakhANa ane bahiraMga sAmInuM adhyayana karatAM baMne vacce je deza-kAlamAM tedAma vadhu pramANamAM jaNAya te deza-kALamAM te lakhANa athavA maukhika paraMparAnI utpatti ke saMgraha thaye hovAna' zeSavata anumAna karI zakAya che. A anumAnathI je deza-kALane niSNuya thAya te vakhatanI sAmAjika ane vidyAkIya paraMparAmAM prAcIna aMza paNa svAbhAvika rIte bhaLelA hoI tenA kAlanirNaya mATe navA aza vadhu madadagAra nIvaDe che. A lauthI viSNupurANunI tapAsa karI che. viSNupurANanI paraMparA viSNupurANanI ziSya paraMparA temAM be jagyAe ApI che. prathama paraMparA 1.2.8-9 para che. te pramANe A purANa brahmAe purakasane narmadA para kahyuM. purUkase te sArasvatane kahyuM ane tenI pAsethI te parAzarane maLyuM. temaNe maitreyane kahyuM. bIjI paraMparA paNa brahmAthI zarU thAya che. te 6.8 4 51 para che. temAM brahmA-Rbhu, bhAguri, staMbhamitra, dadhIci, sArasvata, bhagu, purakalsa, narmadA, dhRtarASTra, purANanAga, vAsuki, vatsa, vatsatara, kambala, elAputra, vedazirA, pramati, jAda parAthara-autraya jevI lAMbI yAdI ApI che. A baMne paraMparAo paikI prathama paraMparAmAM vipurANa narmadAnA pradezamAM taiyAra thayuM hovAnuM spaSTa vidhAna che. bIjI paraMparAmAM prathama paraMparAnAM pAtro che. temAM narmadA nadIne badale vyakti bane che, tathA temAM sArasvata purakalsane purANa kathA saMbhaLAve che evo pheraphAra dekhAya che. temaja temAM nAga lokonI paNa lAMbI yAdI ApI che. . A pheraphArathI narmadAnA pradezamAM vighaNupurANane prAdurbhAva thayo hato, te bAbata kaMIka aMze gauNa banatI lAge che, ane vilaNapurANanA 3, 6, 15-17 mAM purANanI je paraMparA ApI che, tene kaMIka anukULa thavAnA prayAsamAM sArasvatanuM sthAna AgaLa AyuM hovAnuM lAge che. - A pheraphAra karatI vakhate parAzara ane maitreyanI praznottarI cAlu rAkhI che. vedavyAsanI ziSya paraMparA tathA mahAbhAratanAM pAtro temAM dekhAtAM nathI, tethI viSNupurANanAM sarjana pachI tene paurANikoe temanI paraMparA pramANe kaMIka pheraphAra karyA hovAnuM anumAna thAya che. A paraMparAo jotAM vipazupurANa narmadA taTa para taiyAra thayuM hovAnuM samajAya che, tathA tenA pAThamAM pheraphAro thayAnuM paNa samajAya che, A paraMparA samajavA mATe viSNupurANanAM saMga ane narmadAnA kSetranI sAmAjika, dhArmika paristhitinI tapAsa Avazyaka che. viSNupurANa sarga, nama pradezane samAja viSNupurANanA sarganA varNanamAM te sAMkhyanI vicAraNuM svIkArIne temAM sarvocca sthAna viSaNane Ape che. paraMtu tene rAjasika sage brahmAnuM kArya che, te abhiprAya 1.3mAM vyakta kare che, vaLI viSapurANanAM keTalAMka aitihAsika pAsAM ]. [25 For Private and Personal Use Only

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A varADu kadrapamAM te sUSTi thaI che, te matsyapurANanI 289 adhyAyanI kathAnuM smaraNa karAve che. viSNupurANunI . saganI pravRttimAM brahmA ane varAha e e devatA kALA ghaNA meATA che tema 1.4 parathI spaSTa thAya che. A para parAte AdhAre varAhapamAM brahmA-varAhanI pravRttinuM vaNu nahAI tenA jUnA ullekhA tapAsavAnI jarUra paDe che. zrahmA athavA praznapatti varAhanu rUpa dhAraNa kare che e kalpanA yajuvedanI kAThamsa hitA 8.2 mAM jovAmAM Ave che. varAha pRthvIne tenA mukhathI pANImAMthI bahAra kADhe che te-pANI prajApatinuM svarUpa che ityAdi vicArA vedamAM che. tenA vistAra zatapatha brAhmaNamAM che. temAM prajApati matsya, dhUma', varAhatuM rUpa dhAraNa kare che tevA ulekhe 1.8.1-1; 1.5, 14.1 ityAdi sthaLe jovAmAM Ave che. taittirIya brAhmaNamAM pazu AvA ullekhA che. te parathI A yajurvedanI panA hAvAnuM samajAya che. yajurveda yajJa mATenA che ane viSNu e ja yajJa che evA vicAra paNa jANItA che tethI viSNupurANanA A ga` bhAganA vicAra yajuve tuM upaDhyu hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. yajurvenI A paraMparA hiravazamAM tathA rAmAyaNa jevA itihAsanA prathAmAM dekhAya che. A prAcIna paraMparAnA kAThaka saMhitAneA ullekha tene yajurvedanI kAThaka zAkhA sAthe sAMkaLI letA jazuAya che." kAThaka sahitAne pracAra nAnA pradezamAM hatA. kaTha zAkhAnI bAra zAkhAo noMdhAyelI che. temAMnI eka maitrAyaNI zAkhAnA sAta bhAgA che. temAM vArAhAneA samAveza thAya che. A vaidika paraMparA sAyaNAcAya nA samaya sudhImAM geAdAvarI sudhInA pradezamAM vistarelI hatI. madezathI A pradeza sudhI temanu` sthAna hAI temanI para parA kurukSetranI pUrvamAM, uttara pradeza tathA tenI dakSiNe madhyapradeza ane dakSiNa bhAratamAM vistarelI hatI, ema lAge che. A yajurvedanI nama`dA vistAramAM vedanA upagRhanI para`parAmAM viSNupurANunuM mahattvanuM sthAna che, tema samajAya che. A bAbata zilpa tathA rAjyavaMzAnI mAnyatAthI puSTa thAya che. viSNupurANumAM varAhanAM e svarUpAnAM vaNte che. tenuM prathama svarUpa yavarAha che ane khIju` svarUpa naravarAha che. A baMne svarUpAnAM ghaNAM zi| madhyapradeza, gujarAta, dakSiNlR bhAratamAMthI maLe che. te paikI eraNanA [ rAjavI tAramANunA lekhavALe! yajJavarAha tathA vidizA pAsenI phrAnA naravarAha prakhyAta che. te zipa) ceAthI pAMcai `sadI jeTalAM prAcIna che, tethI viSNupurANanuM vana paNa A sadIomAM pracAramAM hAvAnuM' samajAya che. vaidika para'parAmAM vizvAsa dharAvatA hatA ema temanA zilAlekhA tathA tAmrapatro jotAM spaSTa thAya che, tethI temanI bauddhoe bhAratamAM tathA IsAIoe yurApamAM TIkA karI hatI, ema lAge che, viSNupurANanI zilpa para thayelI asaraneA paDadhA A vistAranI sAmAjika sthiti para kaMIka aMze paDe che. dakSiNa bhAratanA prabaLa rAjavaza, cAlukayomAM temanA mULa puruSa brahmAnA culukamAMthI pedA thayAnI mAnyatA che. temanAM tAmrapatroneA prAraMbha varAha avatAranI stutithI thAya che. Ama brahmA ane varAharnI sAthe saMkaLAyelI cAlukayonI para parAte viSNupurANunI mAnyatA sAthe tAdAtmya dekhAya che, cAlukayoe dhaNA yajJA karyA hatA te bAbata temanA lekhA parathI spaSTa thAya che. tethI A tamAma paristhiti yajurvedanI kAThaka zAkhAnI kalpanAnA paripAka che ema sAdhAra mAnI zakAya. viSNupurANanI lAMbI siddha para'parAmAM nAgaleAkanI kathA ApI che. nAgalAkanI kathAnA aMzA saMbhavataH madhyapradezanA nAgavaMza sAthe sabaMdha dharAvatA haiAya. A nAgavaza guptAne samakAlIna ane temanI sAthe lagnAdi saMbadha dharAvatA hatA. A saMbadha, tathA A pradezanAM zilpA, brahmA ane varAhanI 26] [sAmIpsa : AkaTo., '92-mAtra', 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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cAlukya paraMparA ityAdi viSNupurANanI mAhitI sAthe saMkalita thAya che tethI tenA racanA tathA pratikALa para sArA prakAza paDe che., virANuno racanAkALa uparokta pramANe jotAM vithapurANanI racanA Azare pAMcamI/chaThThI sudhImAM thaI hoya ema lAge che. A racanA tenA mULa bhAganI hovI joIe, temAM pAchaLathI umerA thayA hovAnuM anumAna baLavAna che. - A purANunI racanAne kALa nirdhArita karavAnA prayatna hajarA, kANe, viMTaraniTajha jevA vidvAnoe karyA che. temanA mata pramANe uparano abhiprAya puSTa thAya che, paraMtu sI. vI. vaidya tene ghaNA pAchaLanA samayamAM mUke che. sI. vI. vaidane mata vidhApUrANanI atyAre upalabdha kRti mATe sAnukULa che. A tamAma pramANe jotAM vighaNupurANanI racanAne prAraMbhane kALa pAMcamI/ThThI sadInI AjubAjunA lAge che ane temAM pAchaLathI Azare navamI/dasamI sadI sudhImAM umerA thayA lAge che, tenI carcA prastuta che. huM viSNupurANamAM umerA vizupurANanuM yajadanuM upahaNa zarU thayuM tyArabAda bAdamInA cAlukayo sudhI tenuM sAruM baLa rahyuM hovAnuM lAge che. A cAlukaSa rAjavaMza baLavAna hatuM. teNe AThamI sadImAM araba AmaNane mArI haThAgyuM hatuM. tenI sattAne tyArabAda hAsa thayo hato. A hAsa pachI rASTrakUTa sattAno udaya thayo hato. teo vedanI paraMparAne anusaratA hatA, paraMtu tyArabAda temanuM jaina paraMparA tarapha valaNa vadhyuM hatuM. temanA vakhatanAM jainazi tathA sAhitya A bAbata puSTa kare che. viSaNupurANanAM adhyayanamAM tenA trIjA aMzanA bIja adhyAya 5chI navAM to umerAyelAM najare paDe che. temAM nagna, mAyAmoha AdinI carcA prathama aMzanA maitreyanA prazna sAthe susaMgata nathI. temAM vArtAlApamAM bhISma, kaliMga, yama, sAgara, aurva Adi pAtro umerAya che, viSNupurANune cotho - aMza, tenI parANunI vyAkhyA sAthe susaMgata thAya che. pAMcamo aMza cothA aMzanI yaduvaMzanI kathAno vistAra che, tathA chaThThA aMjanI keTalIka vAta umerAI che. cethA saMsthAnA aMtamAM purANanI phalazruti che tevI chaThThA aMzanA aMte che. tethI be phaLazrutinuM prayojana karyuM che e svAbhAvika prazna upasthita thAya che. A praznono uttara palaTAyelI sAmAjika paristhitimAMthI maLato lAge che. viSNupurANamAM bIjA aMzamAM priyavrata vaMzamAM nAbhi ane marUdevInA putra wbhanI kathAmAM tenI prazaMsA che. te ja pramANe tenA putra bharatanI prazaMsA che. A RSabha caritra jena AdinAtha ane tenA putra bharatane anulakSIne mAnapUrvaka lakhAyeluM che. paraMtu viSNupurANanA trIjA aMzamAM (18) mAyAmoha jevA varNanamAM jena-dhamanI TIkA che, A pheraphAra saMbhavataH samAjamAM thayelo keTalIka mAnyatAne pheraphAra sUcave che. A pheraphAra upara jaNAvyuM tema rAjAonA badalAyelA valaNane sUcaka che, mAM navA dAkhala thayelA azamAM vivA, dhamazAstra arthAta sAmAjika vyavahAra Adi dekhAya che, te samAja vyavasthAmAM pitAnI paristhiti suDha banAvavAnA prayatna hoya tevo bhAsa thAya che. - A paristhiti AThamIthI dazamI sadInuM sUcana kare che. tethI te vakhate mULa graMthamAM umero thayA hoya tema lAge che. temAM maitrayanA prazno, trIjA aMzanA bIja akhAya pachInA bhAge, pAMcamo aMza taNA o aMza vo hoya athavA tenA bhAgomAM pheraphAra thayo hoya ema samajAya che, je cothA aMzanA aMta bhAganI zruti yathAsthAne hoya te pAMcamo ane chaThTho aMza pAchaLanA gaNAya. vijApurANanAM keTalAMka aitihAsika pAsAM ] [27 For Private and Personal Use Only

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A paristhitimAM dazamI sadI pachI khAsa pheraphAra thayo hoya ema lAgatuM nathI. tethI samagra daSTie A adhyayanamAMthI nIcenA muddAo spaSTa thatA dekhAya che. upasaMhAra 1. purANamAM etihAsika ane sAMskRtika sAmagrI hoya che, tene yogya rIte samajavA mATe temAM , vaparAtI bhASA, tenAM pratIke AdinuM jJAna Avazyaka che. 2. purANe vedanuM upakhaMhaNa arthAta vizeSa samajUtI ApatuM sAhitya che. tethI temAM mULane vistAra hovAthI temAM ghaNAM prAcIna to sacavAyelAM hoya che. te navAM tattvone 5Na janI e varNave che tethI te prAcIna hovAne AbhAsa UbhuM kare che. che. A graMthanI sAmagrInuM purAvastunI najare anveSaNa karavAthI tenA sthaLa-kALa mATe navo prakAza paDe che, tethI tenAM aitihAsika tathe AjanAM dRSTibiMduthI samajAya che. viSapurANa narmadA vistAranA yaja*dIya kATheka zAkhAnAM pratIka ane mAnyatAonuM upakhrahaNa che. temAM viMdhya ane tenI dakSiNanA samAjanI mAnyatAnuM sAruM varNana che. 5. AjanA viSNupurANune janA bhAge Azare 5/6 sadI jeTalA prAcIna lAge che, paraMtu temAM e AThamI/dazamI sadI sudhI umerA thayA che. 6. purANanI vAcanAmAM purAvastuvidyA, itihAsa Adi kSetramAMthI maLatI sAmagrIne upayoga karavAnI AvazyakatA che. pAdaTIpa 1. B. I. Sandesara, Malla Purdna, G. O. Series 144. a Parmar Bhabhootmal, Cultural and Critical Study of Srimal Purana, Being a Ph.D. Thesis in the Deptt. of Archagslogy, M. S. University of Baroda, 1969. 3. G. G. Desai, Critical and Cultural Study of Kaumarika khanda, 1978. A Thesis Submitted in the Department of Archaeology, M. S. University of Baroda. X. R. N. Mehta, Nagar khanda : A Study, Journal of the M. S. Univertsiy of Baroda, Vol. XVII, No. 1968 5. vizvAmitrI mAhAbhyanI mAhitI tathA sthaLa-tapAsanI sagavaDa mATe zrI jayaMta . ThAkaranuM traNa svIkAre che. - 6. viSNupurANanI samIkSita AvRtti mATe ekatra karelI hastapratomAMthI sauthI jUnI hastapratanI mAhitI ApavA badale prAya vidyAmaMdiranA sattAdhIzono AbhAra mAnuM chuM. 7. vedanI kATheka zAkhA mATe, zrI. dA. sAtavaLekara. "kAThaka saMhitA ' 8. cAlako ane rASTrakaTo Adino ItihAsa mATe The History and the culture of the Indian People ne . ?, 4 Campyrla di HE P. V. Kane, History of Dharmasastra, Vol. V, Part II. Section IV, Ch. XXII and R. C. Hagara, Studies of Puranic Reeords of Hindu Rites and Customs, pp. 19-24 , rApabhyo ane mane mATe caudharI gulAbacaMdra, jaina sAhityakA bRhada itihAsa' vi. 4. pAzvanAtha : vidyAlaya zeAdha saMsthAna, vArANasI. 28] [sAmIpya : okaTo., '92-mArca, 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gujarAtamAM bauddha vihArI ane maThAnI chAtrAlaya vyavasthA nAgajIbhAI kesarabhAI bhaTTI gujarAtamAM eka samaye baudhama mahattvanuM sthAna dharAvatA hatA. I. pU. 3jA saikAmAM arokanA samayamAM A pradezamAM bauddhadharmanA pracAra zarU thaI gayA haze ema lAge che. gujarAtamAM keTalAMka sthaLAe bauddha bhikSuo mATe IMTerI vihArI ane stUpe badhAyA che, te keTalIka jagyAe DuMgarAmAM vihArA ane zailagRhA kAtarAyelAM che. jUnAgaDha, sANA, taLAjA, khaMbhAlIDA ane rANapura (baraDA Du MgaranI pazcima taLeTI) mAM tenA avazeSA jovA maLe che. sAbarakAMThAmAM zAmaLAjI pAse DhelanI mArI' nAmaka sthaLethI kSatrapakAlIna vizALa IMTerI stUpa ane vihAra maLI AvyA che, te jUnAgaDha pAse vAnA utkhanana daramyAna 'rusena vihAra maLI Avela che. prAcIna bauddha sAhityamAM bharuccha (bharUca) ane seApAraka (muMbaI pAsenuM sApArA) nA aneka ullekha maLe che. A jotAM A sthaLA baudhama'nAM kendro hAya tema jaNAya che. gujarAta ane kacchanI vAta javA Ie te| paNa prakhyAta cInI pravAsI yuana svAMge noMdhyuM che tema ekalA saurASTramAM pacAsa vidvArA hatA, valabhImAM bauddhadha vadhAre pracalita hatA. nivAsI ImAratA bauddha bhikSuonA nivAsa mATenI ImAratAne vihAra kahevAmAM Ave che. sAmAnya rIte vihAramAM madhyamAM cAka rAkhavAmAM AvatA. cAkanI cAre tarapha kuTirAnI racanA thatI. gujarAtamAM AvA vihArA taLAjA, sANA, kheAriyA, iMTavA, khaMbhAlIDA, devanI merI vagere jagyAe AvelA che. AvA DuMgara. uparanA tathA medAnamAM AvelA vihArAnA samAveza thAya che.ja bhikSuenA nivAsa mATenI imAratA arthAt vihArAnAM nAmeA maitrakAnAM dAnakSAsana ke tAmrapatromAM paNa maLe che. A vihArAmAM duddAvihAra, muddadAsa vihAra, bhaSmapAdIya vihAra, ka vihAra, gAdaka vihAra, vimalagupta vihAra, bhaTAka vihAra, yakSara vihAra, ajita vihAra, zIlAditya vi vihAra vagere tatkAlIna gujarAtamAM astitvamAM hatA tema prApta dAnapatro uparathI jaNAya che. A sahu vihArIne maitraka rAjavIe taraphthI avAranavAra dAna maLatAM. valabhI (Ajanu'. vaLA) e bauddhavidyAnu mahattvanuM kendra hatuM.pa yuAna svAMga anusAra ekalA valabhImAM ja cha hajAra bhikSu rahetA hatA. jyAre sAraThamAM traNa hajAra bhikSuo rahetA hatA. bharUcamAM bauddha saMdhArAmAmAM traNa hajAra mahAyAnanA anuyAyIo abhyAsa karatA hatA. kacchamAM paNa dRza vihArA hatA ane tyAM eka hAra bauddha satA hInayAna tathA mahAyana siddhAMtAnA abhyAsa karatA hatA. mAnapura (vaDanagara) mAM dasa sauMdhArAmeAmAM hInayAna saMpradAyanA eka hAra sAdhue abhyAsa karatA hatA. * rU, parAga sAsAyaTI, nArI kendra mAga, surendranagara gujarAtamAM bauddha vihAra ane maThAnI chAtrAlaya vyavasthA ] For Private and Personal Use Only [29

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Ane artha e thaze ke vihAra ke saMdhArAme e mAtra nivAsasthAna nahotAM paNa abhyAsanAM kendro paNa hatAM. A abhyAsakendro mAtra nivAsasthAna hoya te eTalA badhA sAdhu ke bhikSanA bhojananuM zuM ? eTalI moTI saMkhyAnA sAdhuone loko roja bhejana Ape kharA ? ke emanI potAnI bhojana ane chAtrAlayanI vyavasthA hatI ? vAstavamAM bauddhonI zikSaNa vyavasthA ane chAtrAlaya vyavasthA baMne hatAM. A mATenI vyavasthAmAM saMdha'nuM mahattva viziSTa hatuM. buddha zaraNama gacchAmi', dhamma zaraNama gacchAmi'nI sAthe saMbaM zaraNuM gacchAmi ne uccAre paNa sAthe ja karavAmAM Avato. buddha, dharma ane saMdha A traNe bhikSuo mATe mahattvanA hatA. A vyavasthAnA be bhAga thaI zake : (1) vihAranI nivAsI vyavasthA ane tenA adhikArIo tathA (2) chAtrAlayamAM bhojana vyavasthA ane tenA adhikArIjano. prathama joIe vihAra vyavasthA. saMghanuM mahA * vihAranI vyavasthA goThavavAmAM mukhya phALA saMdhane hatA. bauddha dharmAnuyAyI bhikSuonI bharatI karavAmAM AvatI. te uttara-pUrva bhAratanI jAtionI svataMtra sarakAra(republican)thI sadhanuM baMdhAraNa prerita hatu. ane tenA baMdhAraNa anusAra te vakhate kAyadesara racAyela sanaMdI ekama (corporat unit) hatuM. temAM kAyadesaranI vyaktio mukAyelI hatI ane tenAM badhAM ja kAryo saMdhanAM nAme thatAM hatAM.9 cUMTAyelA so mata gaNatarI uparathI saMghanA pratinidhi sabhyonI sAmAnya IcachA zuM che te jANavAmAM Avata. e mATe "vinaya mAM niyata thayA pramANe ochAmAM ochA keTalA pratinidhionI hAjarI che te paNa jevAtuM." kerama ane matadAna matadAna khaMDa rIte ke prokasI (puoxy) ke mukhatyAra dvArA karavAmAM Ave te mAnya gaNAtuM nahi.11 eka vakhata koI praznanuM je kAMI nirAkaraNa lAvavAmAM AvatuM te kAyamI gaNAtu.12 kAryapraNAli - dharmaguruo kaI guNavAna dharmagurunA adhyakSapade agatyanA prazna para temanI salAha mATe maThanA vizALakhaMDamAM ekatrita thatA. A pramANe eWtrata thayela sabhyonuM saMmelana ke sabhA hAtha upara lavAyela prazna ghaNuM karIne dhama, vinaya, zikSaNa, rItabhAta temaja tathAgata(bhagavAna buddha)nI. AnA viSayaka raheto. uparAMta dharmaguru ke saMghanA baMdhAraNa sAthe saMkaLAyela bAbate paNa hAtha dharAtI.3 , sonI samAnatA saMdhanA dareka sabhyanI samAnatA niyama vaDe sthApita temaja racita thayela hatI. jyAre koI kAya AvI paDatuM tyAre sabhyonI sabhA enA nikAla karI detI.14 isiMga nadhei che ke je ke magara potAnI jAte kAMI nakkI kare ke potAnI IcchAnusAra te ane sabhAne avagaNe ke lakSamAM le nahi. te tevA dhamarane maThamAMthI rajA apAtI.15 30 ] [sAmIpya : kaTa, 92-mArca, 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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baddha bhikSuonI kakSA bauddha bhikSuomAM paNa bhinna bhinna kakSAo hatI. A kakSA tatkAlIna gurukulemAM karavAmAM AvatI kakSA karatAM bhinna rIte nizcita thatI hatI. bhikSaonA kaTuMbanI sthiti lakSamAM levAtI nahi; - paNa bhikSanI potAnI AdhyAtmika sthiti ke pragati keTalI keTalI che, temanI buddhimatAno AMka keTale UMce che, te pramANe kakSA jevAtI. saghanI sattA koI paNa bhikSune maLela kaI paNa vastu saMdhanI potIkI milakata gaNAtI. e vastu game teTalI kiMmatI hoya ke sAva kSalaka hoya te mahattvanuM nahotuM. A pramANe prApta vastu dhamagarane apAtI ane dharmaguru tene upaga ke upabhaga sabhAnI saMmati anusAra karatA. bhikSa banavAnI prakriyA sAmAnya vyakti bauddhadharmanI dIkSA grahaNa karI 'bhikSu bane tyAre saMdhamAM tenA praveza samaye upasaM5dA nAmane utsava ujavavAmAM Avato. bhikSu game te paMtha ke saMpradAya ke gRhastha jIvanamAMthI sIdho asalamAM praveza meLavI zako. e mATe saMghane vinaMtI karavI paDatI. bhagavAna buddha mAtra "ehi bhikSu" eTaluM ja borlIne tene bhikSa tarIke svIkAratA hatA. paNa pAchaNathI bauddhadharmano prasAra vadhatAM bhakta ke anuyAyIone paNa tene hakka ApavAmAM Avyo., upasaMpadAnI vidhi - upasaMpadA prApta karavA icchanAra vyakti ke bhikSane maThamAM dAkhala thatAM ja "muMDana karAvavuM paDatuM. tyAra pachI snAna vidhi thatI ane sAdo pizAka jene 'paddo' kahetA te apA.19 nisAya upasaMpadAnI prakriyAmAMthI pasAra thanAra mATe saMdhanA dvAra khUlI jatAM. te bhikSA saMdhane sabhya banI jate. te dareka kArya (proceedings )mAM bhAga laI zakato. mAtra navA dAkhala thanArane zikSaNa ApI zakatA nahi. A tabakkAne "nissAya" (Nissaya) tarIke varNavI tene mAtra AcArya (Senior monk) upara AdhAra rAkhavAne raheto. AcArya bhikSanA AdhyAtmika vAlI gaNAtA.16 samayagALo sAmAnyataH bhikSA mATe A samaya dasa varSane raheto. jo ke apavAdarUpa kaI kissAmAM abhyAsI bhikSA mATe nissAyana gALe pAMca varSamAM paNa pUro thatA. ethI UlaTuM keTalAka zaktimAna bhikSuo mATe e samaya gALe jIvanabharaneTa paNa banI jato.. WvIra ane upAdhyAya - evuM paNa banatuM ke keTalIka vakhata "garI mAM kaI bhikSu "nissA" kakSAne hoya ane zAstavamAM chAsa mAM te samAna kakSAno adhikArI banI mata ApI zakatA. bIjI rIte kahIe to nisAya' kakSA e sarakArI adhikArInA "prAzana piriyaDa" jevI kAmacalAu gaNAya. dasa unALA ahI kADhayA pachI AvA bhikSu "sthavara' (elder monk) kahevAto. sthIra eTale maThamAM sthira thayela zikSa. A prakAranA zikSako 'upAdhyAya banI zakatAM. ane vihAramAM zIkhavI zakatA. zakAtamAM mahAire ane maThanI chAtrAlaya vyavasthA 1 [ 1 For Private and Personal Use Only

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itsiMge AnA karatAM judI kakSAnA bhikSune ca-ga-na (cha-ga-na) arthAta hara" ke "nAnA zikSaka kahyA che.19 saMcAlanamAM sthavIra : AvA nisAya ne nizcita samayagALe vaTAvI sthIra' banelA bhikSaomAMthI pasaMdagI karI temanI maThanA vahIvaTI adhikArI tarIke nimaNUka karAtI-20 A mATe sthavarenI sArI lAyakAta, uttama vataNUka ane ucca cAritrya lAyakAta tarIke lakSamAM levAtuM. guNa, DahApaNa, heziyArI, dharma, dAna ane nyAyapriyatA paNa lakSamAM levAmAM AvatA.21 vihArasvAmI, bIjI jagyA vihArasvAmI nI gaNAtI. tene vihArapAla ke kamadAna' paNa kahetA. maThanA vaDA pachI vihArasvAmInuM varcasava gaNAtuM. dhArmika jIvananuM niyamana ane vihArane AMtarika vahIvaTa A "vihAraravAma" nA adhikAramAM gaNAtA. AMtarika vahIvaTa " vihAra ke maThane AMtarika vahIvaTa mATenA hodedAre paNa A bhikSuomAMthI pasAra thatA.. kamAna ke vihArasvAmI pachInuM sthAna saMbhavata: veInA (venA-sUrya) arthAta "vahelA UThanAranuM hatI. vaInA vihAranA sAthI niyAmaka (sub director)nI pharaja bajAvato ane kamaMdAnane vihAranA sAmAnya vahIvaTamAM sahAyarUpa tha. tenA pachInI jagyA khajAnacI ke TrejhararanI gaNAya. khajAnacInuM vihAramAMnI rekaDarUpe ke vasturUpe AvatA samagra milaktane hisAba rAkhavAnuM kArya hatu.22 jyAre vastuta : kacerInuM kArya saMbhALa. karNikanuM kAma AjanA kArakuna( clerk)ne kAma jevuM (clerical work) kahI zakAya. nivAsasthAna mATenA adhikArI maThamAM bhikSu ke sAdhuonA nivAsa mATe be adhikArIo hatA. temane (1) "vinAyAdhara' ane (2) dhamadhara tarIke oLakhavAmAM AvatA. A uparAMta anya adhikArI ke vyavasthApaka hatA. dhamasabhA vakhate Asana vyavasthAnI goThavaNI karanAra "AsanapannAyaka kahevAtuM. vastuone saMgraha ke sTAranI javAbadArI saMbhALanAra "bhAMDAgarika tarIke oLakhAte. khorAkanI vahecaNI bhaTakara hastaka hatI.23 vihAranI badhI ImAratonI dekharekha, sudhAraNA vagere kArya bAvakarmA saMbhALatA. jyAre bAga-bagIcAnuM dhyAna rAkhanArane "ArAma' tarIke oLakhavAmAM Avato. mahadanIzA - uparyukta adhikArIone madada karavA mATe madadanIza adhikArI ke sahAyaka paNa hatA. jemAM 'parisaMvArikanuM kAma maTha upara dekharekha rAkhavAnuM hatuM. jamAdArakhAnuM( kapaDAMlattA vagerene sTara) saMbhALanAra adhikArI "civa25tiha5ka' kahevAto. bhikSuonAM vastro svIkAravAnuM ke sAcavavAnuM kArya tenA upara mUkavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. tenA madadanIzane "satiyagahapaka arthAt aMdara paheravAnAM vastro saMbhALavAnuM kAma soMpAyeluM hatuM. uparAMta "kaThina" vahecanAra adhikArIne kaThinanihArika nAme oLakhatA. maTha vatI nANAMnI bheTa svIkAravAnuM kArya "kapiyakarakasara karato hato. nANumAMthI maThane Avazyaka cIja-vastunI kharIdI paNa tenA hastaka rahetI. [sAmIpya : o. 992-mArca, 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAjanAlayanA vyavasthApaka bheAjanAlayanI vyavarathAnI dRSTie vicArIe te ceAkhAnI kaNuka vaheMcanAra 'yagubhAjaka' kahevAtA. sUkA mevA vahe...canArane khabhAjaka' kahetA. phaLa vahecanAra labhA' nAme oLakhAtA. bhikSuone mATe jarUrI pAtranI vaheMcaNI karanAranuM nAma paTTegaheka' rAkhavAmAM AveluM. pANInI vyavasthA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir vihArAmAM rahetA bhikSuo mATenA pANInI cakAsaNInuM kAma eka saddhivihArika' nAme adhikArI hastaka hatuM. vihAramAM khAvA-pIvAnA upayAgamAM levAtuM pANI barAbara gaLAIne eTale OM mAjanA sauMdaOmAM philTara (filler) thaIne Ave che ke kema te jovAnuM kAma pazu tenI pharajamAM gaNAtu. 25 tene upAdhyAyanI pAchaLa UbhA rahI tenI jarUratA satASAya te jovAnI pharaja pazu saddhivihArikanI hatI. nyAya vyavasthA nyAya mATenI vyavasthA jovAnu` kA` paNa 'saddhivihArika'ne mAthe nAkhavAmAM Avelu hatuM. maThanA nyAya khAtA pAchaLa dhyAna ApavAnI ane upAdhyAyane pariyasa zista' nIce sajA thAya tenu dhyAna rAkhavAnI paNa hatI.26 UAjanAlaya maThamAM bhAjana karavA mATe judA vizALa bheAjana-khaMDa hatA. mA bheAjanakhaMDamAM gAyanA chANu ane tAna' pAna verIne gAra karavAmAM AvatI hatI.20. kakSA pramANe Asana bhAjana samaye bhikSuonI vibhinna kakSA dhyAnamAM rAkhIne temane besavA mATenA AAsanAnI vyavasthA gAThavavAmAM AvatI hatI. maDhanA bhikSue (monks) mATe netaramAMthI banAvelAM UMcAM vetrAsanA mUkAtAM, A vetrAsana sAteka iMca jeTalA (bIjI rIte kahIe teA ekAda veMta jeTalA) UMcA pATalA rahetA. A vetrAsanA ekbIjAthI lagabhaga deDheka phITa (eka kayubiTa)nA aMtare mUkavAmAM AvatAM. nimna kakSAnA (junior) bhikSuone besavA mATe lAkaDAnA TUkaDA (blocks) mUkavAmAM AvatA. A khAsa bauddha paripATI hatI, te hiMduonI palAThI vALIne jamavA besavAnI rIta karatAM thADI judI paDatI hatI. .. brahmacArI vidyArthI e uparAMta saMte upayAgI thanAra anya bhikSue paNa hatA ane maTha taraphathI temanA mATe guN anusAra (according to merit) temanA bhAjana mATenI byavasthA karavAmAM AvatI hatI. For Private and Personal Use Only nAstA ane bhAjana vidyAthI e prAtaHkALe UThI, snAnAdi prAta:vidhi Adi pUrI karyA pachI nAstA levA AvatA. vidyArthI Ane nAstAmAM bhAtanu osAmaNa apAtuM, nAstA pachI ghaNuM kharuM zALAnuM zikSaNa AraMbhAtuM ane bapore pUrNa bhAjana ApavAmAM AvatuM. apeAranA bhAjanamAM roTalA-roTalI, bhAta, mAkhaNa, chAza, dUdha, phaLa, ane kAreka mAMsa paNa apAtuM. bhikSuone traNa prakAranA mAMsabhakSaNanI niyamAnusAra chUTa hatI29 ane temAM kAI khATu gaNutA nahi. e badhuM niyamAnusAra gaNAtuM. gujarAtamAM bauddha vihAra ane mahezanI chAtrAlaya vyavasthA ] (33

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bhAjana agenA niyamA bhAjana karatI vakhate sapUrNa mauna pALavAmAM Avatu. badhAnuM jamavAnuM pUruM thaI jAya pachI ja UDI zakAtu. vayamAMthI UDI vAtuM nahi.30 bhAjanane a`te lavi`ga ane kapUramizrita seApArInA TukaDA ApavAmAM AvatA jethI mukhazuddhi thAya ke zvAsanI durgaMdha dUra thAya ane apacA thAya nahi.31 trAlaya bhikSuonA raheNAka mATenAM makAnA aMge Avazyaka vigatA prApta thatI nathI paNa cInI yAtrI itsiMga A hakIkatamAM mAtra eTalu ja teAMdhe che ke mAnanIya (bhikSu), purahita, dhama'guru ke AcAya jo meTA vidvAna hAya ane pUrNa abhyAsI hAya tA temane maThamAM sArAmAM sArA gaNAtA amuka nizcita oraDAmAMnA eka nekara-cAkara sAthe sAMpavAmAM AvatA 32 jo ke 'suUvaga'thI A varNana apUrNa rahetuM heAya tema lAgatu nathI. temAM kahyuM che ke vihArA saMpUrNa' (full fledged) gRhe hatA. temAM dhamagurune apAtA eraDA suMdara ane AkarSIka pharnicara sahitanA hatA. te pAcA takriyA (cushions), khurazI sAdI tathA hAyAvALI (arm chairs) sAphA, gAlA temaja anya jIvana jarUriyAtanI vastuo sAthe apAtA. vizeSamAM kahyuM che ke maTha ke vihAranI dIvAle! lAla ane sapheda raMgA vaDe dheALAyelI rahetI. bheAMyataLiyuM kALA raMganuM rahetu. Ama vihArA tatkAlIna hiMdu sAdhuzmeTanA nivAsasthAna karatAM sagavayukta ane vyavasthAnI dRSTie taddana bhinna jovA maLe che. anya suvidhA itsiMga noMdhe che ke jyAre bahAra javAnuM thAya tyAre variSTa dhamaguruone (senior monu) myAnA (sedan chairs)mAM laI javAmAM AvatA, jyAre nimna kakSAnA (junior) bhikSuo dheDA upara esIne jatA. Ama bauddhonA samayamAM vihAra ane mahezanI chAtrAlaya vyavasthA AjanA chAtrAlayAnI vyavasthA sAthe sarakhAvI jovA jevI che. ghaNe aMze tene maLatI AvatI paNa jaNAya che. gujarAtane e sAMskRtika vArase che.. pATIpa 1. rasikalAla parIkha ane huM. gaM. zAstrI, 'gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika pratihAsa', graMtha-2, pR. 288 2. navInacaMdra AcAya', gujarAtanA dhamasa...pradAya', pR. 125 3. ejana, pR. 12pa 5. navInacaMdra AcAya'. 'bauddhamatividhAna', (1978), pR. 6 6. jayamalla paramAra, ApaNI leAkasaMskRti', (1976), pR. 53 7. navIna AcAya, upayukta, pR. 6 34 ] For Private and Personal Use Only 4. ejana, pR 129 [sAmIpTa : kaTA, '92-mA', 1993

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2. Dutt, Early Buddhist Monarchism, p. 137; Rhys Davids, Buddhist India (1903), p. 2 Rhys Davids, Psalms of Bretheren, pp. 36, 168 10. mahAvamA, IX, 4, 10 11. Ibid., IX, 3, 9; Dutt, op. cit., p. 151 12. Dutt, op. cit., 152 13. Ibid., pp. 154 f. 1. Takakusu, op. cit., p. 62 15. ejana, pR. 3 19. mahAvaga 1, 53.4 17, ena, I, 25.5 22. o, 1, 32.1; Dutt, op. cit., p. 180 te. Takakusu, op. cit., pp. 104 ff. 2. Dutta, op. cit., p. 187 21., VIII, 6.1. IX; Vinaya Text, III; 6, p. 25 22. Beal, op. cit., XXXVII 23. Bharhut inscription, p. 17, 123 2. Ibid., p. 152; Ancient Histoty of Saurashtra, p. 202, fn 2 2. H, I, 25-15; Takakusu, op. cit., p. 62 1 29. mahAvagga I 25, 21 17. Takakusu, op. cit., p. 23 24. Legee, Fa Hien's Record of Buddhistic Kingdom, p. 106 29. Ibid., op. cit., p. 117 30. mahAvamA 1 25.5; cullavamA, VI, 10.1 a1-32. Takakusu, op. cit. p. 64 gujarAtamAM bauddha vihArA ane maDhAnI chAtrAlaya vyavasthA ] [ 35

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umApavA nATacatrakAra pI. cu. zAstrI* Adikavi vAlmIkinA rAmayaNamAM varNavAyelI rAmakathAnA AdhAra nATayakAra bhAsa ane kAlidAsa vagerenI jema laIne bhAskara nAmanA kavie unmattarAdhavam nAmanuM ekAMkI nATaSa racyuM che. A nAnakaDA ekAMkImAM rAmAyaNanAM prasiddha pAtro ja bhAskara kavie svIkAryA che. jyAre temAMnI vArtA kAlidAse racelA vikrameAzIyanA ceAthA aMkane anusarIne vaNuvI che. je rIte vikrame`zIya nATakanA cAthA aMkamAM UvazI bhUlamAM kumAra kArttiyanA tapAvanamAM pravezI kArttikeyanA zApathI velamAM pheravAI jAya che. nAyikA urvAMzI adRzya thatAM nAyaka rAja purUravA tenA viyeAgamAM unmatta banIne vanamAM rahelA prAkRtika jaDa ane cetana padArthAne tenI bhALa pUche che ane a Mte saMgamanIya maNi vaDe te velamAMthI mULa rUpe uzIne pAchI meLave che te rIte unmattarAdhava ekAMkImAM paNa bane che. sItA ajANatAM durvAsAnA tAvanamAM pravezI durvAsAnA zApane lIdhe hariNImAM pheravAi jAya che. sItA adRzya banavAnI khabara paDatAM rAma viyeAgamAM unmatta banIne prakRtinA jaDa ane cetana padArthAne tenI bhALa pUche che. aMte agastya muni abhimatrita dUrvA vaDe hariNImAMthI asala strIrUpe sItAne pAchI meLavI rAmane sItAnI soMpaNI kare che. AvI mukhya vArtAvALA A ekAMkIne nATaya prakAra nakkI karavA muzkela che. sarva prathama bhAskara kavi pAte ja A ekAMkIne prekSAvaja evA zabdathI ALakhAve che. prezana athavA ghelA e upapakanA eka prakAra che kharA, paraMtu nATavivecakAe gaNAvelAM tenAM lakSaNA unmattarAdhavamAM maLatAM nathI. AthI Adhunika nATyavivecakA tene a eTale utsuSTikAMka prakAranA rUpaka tarIke gaNAve che. sakSepamAM, A ekAMkI a ke utsuSTikAMka prakAranuM rUpaka che ke prekSaLA ke chelaLa prakAranu rUpaka che te vikaTa prazna ApaNI sAme carcA mATe khaDA thAya che. nATyavivecakoe rUpaka ane uparUpakanA prakArAnAM je viziSTa lakSaNA gaNAvyAM che te mujaba prastuta ekAMkInI sUkSma parIkSA A vikaTa praznanuM nirAkaraNa karI zake. rUpakanA 10 prakAramAM sa` prathama rUpakaprakAra nATanAM--(1) pAMca ke vadhu aMkA ane (ra) zRMgAra ke vIra rasanI pradhAnatA e lakSaNA unmattarAdhavamAM na heAvAthI karuNa rasapradhAna A ekAMkIne nATaka na kahI zakAya. rUpakanA bIjA prakAra prajJanAM-(1) pAMca ke vadhu a`kA (ra) zuMgAra rasanI pramukhatA ane (3) vipra, amAtya ke vaNika nAyaka e lakSaNA kSatriya rAjAnuM nATakapaNuM dharAvatA, karuNu rasapradhAna ekAMkI unmattarAdhavamAM na hovAthI tene praznA paNa gaNI zakAya ema nathI. rUpakanA trIjA prakAra mALanAM-(1) viTa Alekhana ane (3) AkAzabhASita vaDe kathanane * prAfesara, sa MskRta vibhAga, ela. DI. ArTsa kaoNleja, amadAvAda 36 ] ane dhUnI vArtA (ra) vIra ane zRMgAra rasanu kAraNe ekapAtrI abhinaya e lakSaNe karuNa rasapradhAna, [sAmIpTa : kaTA., '92-mA', 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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anekapAtrI tathA sItA ane rAmanI pAvaka vAta dharAvatA unmattarAghavamAM na hovAthI tene mAna mAnI rAkAya nahIM. a5kanA cothA prakAra pradAnanAM-(1) niMdApAtra viTa, pAkhaMDI ane daMbhInI vArtA ane (2) hAsya rasanI pradhAnatA e lakSaNo karuNa rasapradhAna ane puNyazloka sItA-rAmanI vArtA dharAvatA ekAMkI umarAghavamAM na hovAthI tene pradatana paNa nA kahevAya. rUpakanA pAMcamA prakAra kimanAM-(1) cAra aMke (2) raudra rasanI mukhyatA ane (3) kapaTa, jadu, yuddha vagere dharAvatI vArtA e lakSaNe karuNa rasapradhAna ekAMkI unmattarAghavamAM na hovAthI tene mi paNa na manAya. rUpakanA cha prakAra nAM-(1) ghaNu manuSyo ane (2) strI sivAyanA kAraNe thatA yuddhanI vAtAM e lakSaNe eAchA manuSyo dharAvatA yuharahita ekAMkI umArAghavamAM na hoI tene sthAna paNa na lakhI zakAya. * rUpakanA sAtamA prakAra samavAranAM-(1) traNa aMke (2) devAsuraviSayaka vArtA ane (3) vIra rasanI pramukhatA e lakSaNe asuranI vArtA vagaranA, karuNa rasapradhAna ekAMkI unmattarAdhavamAM nA hAI tene samajjAra paNa na kahevAya. rUpakanA AThamA prakAra vadhInAM(1) ekAda pAtra ane (2) zRMgAra rasanI mukhyatA e lakSaNe vadhu pAtrAvALA karuNa rasapradhAna unmattarAdhavamAM na hovAthI tene vIthI paNa na gaNAya. rUpakanA navamA prakAra hAnAM-(1) cAra aMke ane (2) divya strInuM apaharaNa ane tene lIdhe yuddha e lakSaNe* yuddharahita ekAMkI unmArAghavamAM nathI te mRga paNa na lekhAya. rUpakanA dasamA prakAra athavA utsuSTikAMkanAM-(1) aneka strIono vilApa ane (2) hAra, jIsa tathA vA yuddhanI vArtA e lakSaNenAyaka nAyikAnA viyoganI vAta dharAvatA umarArAghavamAM na hoI tene 4 % athavA utsuSTikAMka mAnI nA zakAya. AthI Adhunika nATavivecakAne mata yogya jaNAto nathI. rasapradhAna rUpathI juduM paDatuM uparUpaka nuta ke nRtya pradhAna hoya che. uparA5kanA prathama prakAra arTAnAM-(1) strI pAtranI adhikatA ane (2) cAra aMke e lakSa2 puruSapAtronI vipulatAvALA ekAMI umarAivamAM na hovAthI tene nATiza na lakhI zakAya. A upapakanA bIjA prakAra prArAjAnAM-(1) nATikAnI jema 4 aMke (2) zRMgAra rasanI pradhAnatA ane () nAyaka-nAyikA vacce-vepArI vagere jevA e lakSaNe 3 karuNa rasapradhAna, kSatriya nAyakavALA ekAMkI umarAvamAM na hovAthI te prakAraLi na hoI zake. uparUpakanA trIjA prakAra mALiyAnuM mUrkha yA dIna nAyakanI vArtAnuM lakSaNa rAma jevA medhAvI ane urAma nAyakanI vArtA dharAvatA unmArAdhavamAM nathI eTale te marfja paNa na hoI zake. A uparUpakanA cothA prakAra dazanAM-(1) pAMca ke vadhu aMke (2) divya ane mAnuSa pAtro ane (3) dareka aMkamAM vidUSakanI hAjarI e lakSaNa5 vidUSaka ane divya pAtrarahita ekAMkI umararAvavAmAM jovA maLatAM nathI tene te geTa nathI e sapaSTa che. 3marAvane nATayaprakAra ] [ 37 For Private and Personal Use Only

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uparUpakanA pAMcamA prakAra rAjAnAM-(1) sutradhArane abhAva ane (2) mUkha nAyaka e lakSaNo satradhArathI AraMbhAtA ane rAma jevA medhAvI nAyakavALA umarA rAghavamAM nathI tethI te rAja paNa nathI. uparUpakanA cha prakAra nAnAM --(1) upanAyaka pIThama hovAnA ane (2) hAsya rasanI pramukhatA e lakSa17 pIThama vagaranA karaNa rasapradhAna mArAghavamAM nathI tethI te naTavarAja nathI, upA5kanA sAtamAM prakAra saMhAthanAM--(1) traNa ke cAra ake (2) pAkhaMDI nAyaka (3) yuddhanI vAta tayA (4) zugAra ane karaNA rasano abhAva e lakSa8 rAma jevA udAra nAyakavALA ane yuddha vagaranA karuNa rasapradhAne ekAMkI unmatArAghavamAM nathI tethI tene saMsthA nuM manAya. upapakanA AThamA prakAra zilyanAM-(1) cAra aMke (2) brAhmaNa nAyaka ane (3) hIna upanAyaka e lakSa8 kSatriya nAyakavALA ekAMkI unmattArAdhavamAM nathI tethI te zilya na gaNAya. uparUpakanA navamA prakAra TuDhiAnAM-(1) cAra aMke (2) hIna nAyaka ane (3) viTa, vipaka tathA pIThamanA vilAsa e lakSaNe rAma jevA urAma nAyakvALA ane viTa vagere vagaranA ekAMkI umarAdhavamAM nathI eTale tene TurnAlisTa na kahI zakAya. uparUpakanA 10 mAM prakAra sadanAM-(1) prAkRta bhASAmayatA ane (2) cAra aMkAne navani' erI saMzA e lakSa saMskRta bhASAmAM racAyelA ekAMkI unmattarAghavamAM nathI tethI te taja nathI. uparUpakanA 11 mA prakAra veMcaLa ke prekSakanAM-(1) hIna nAyaka (2) sutradhArane abhAva () niyu (zArIrika yuddha) ane saMdeTa (vA yuddha) hovAM ane (4) nAMkI tathA kAranAnI nepathya pAchaLathI bhajavaNI e lakSa 22 rAma jevA uttama nAyakavALA, sUtradhArathI AraMbhAtA, koI paNa yuddha vagaranA ane nAndI tathA kAnanAnI nepathyanI AgaLa raMgabhUmi para bhajavaNIvALA unmattarAghavamAM na hovAthI tene ke na kahI zakAya nahIM. uparUpakanA 12 mA prakAra nAM-(1) nava ke dasa prAkRta puruSo ane (2) kAmazRMgAra e lakSaNe23 saMskRta puravALA ane kAmazRMgArarahita unmattarAghava ekAMkImAM nathI tethI te noTI nathI. uparUpakanA 13 mA prakAra zreSThIrAnAM-(1) strI pAtronI vipulatA ane (2) nRtyagItanI pramukhatA e lakSa4 puruSapAtrapradhAna ane nRtyagItarahita ekAMkI umarAvavAmAM nathI eTale te icchA paNa nathI. uparUpakanA 14 mA prakAra prasthAnanAM-(1) dAsa nAyaka (2) hIna upanAyaka (3) dAsI nAyikA ane ja) be aMke e lakSa25 sItA ane rAma jevA utkRSTa nAyaka-nAyikAvALA ekaMkI unmattarAghavamAM nathI eTale ke prasthAna nathI. uparUpakanA 15 mA prakAra kaTTAna-(1) divya vRttAnta (2) cAra nAyikAo ane (3) saMzamanI vAta e lakSaNe mAnuSa vRttAntavALA, eka ja nAyikAvALA ane yuddhahita unmattasalavamAM na hoI te sAtha paNa nathI. te uparapakanA 16 mAM prakAra zrI hitanAM-() prasiddha vArtA ane (2) zabdathI aMkti havApA e lakSaNe 27 unmatta thavAmAM nathI. unmatta rAdhavanAM pAtro prasiddha che, paraMtu vArtA prasiddha nathI ane te zrI zabdathI aMkita paNa nathI tethI tene jIvita kahI zakAya nahIM. 38 ) [sAmIpya : eNka, '9-mArca, 1994 For Private and Personal Use Only

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uparUpakanA 17 mA prakAra viSTAsiAnAM--(1) vaTa ane vidUSaka ane (2) hIna nAyaka e lakSaNA viTa vage2e pAtra vagaranA ane rAma jevA utkRSTa nAyakavALA ekAMkI unmattarAdhavamAM na hAvAthI te viAsiA nathI. upapakanA 18 mA prakAra hrAjyanAM--(1) hAsya rasanI pracuratA ane (2) sagItamayatA e lakSaNe|28 karuNa rasapradhAna ane saMgItarahita ekAMkI unmattaravamAM nathI tethI te hAtha paNa nathI. uparUpakanA 19 mA prakAra mahiAnAM--(1) zRMgAra rasanI pracuratA ane (2) vita ane vidUSaka e lakSazeAka viTa vagere vagaranA ane karuza rasapradhAna ekAMkI unmattazAtramAM nathI tethI te maTTiA nathI. upapakanA 20 mA prakAra pavaThThInAM--(1) pIThama' upanAyaka ane (2) saMgIta nRtya pracuratA e lakSaNA 1 pIThamarahita ane saMgItanRtyarahita unmattarAdhavamAM nathI tethI te maDhI paNa nathI. uparUpanA 21 mA prakAra vaniAtanAM (1) vIra ke zRMgAra rasanI prajAnA (2) saMgIta ane (3) vidUSaka e lakSaNA32 karuNu rasapradhAna, saMgIta tathA vidUSakarahita emAMthI unmattarAdhavamAM nathI tethI te parajJAta paNa nathI. uparUpakanA 22 mA prakAra kothvInAM(1) vIra ke zruMgAra rasanI pracuratA ane (2) puruSanA vezamAM rahetI nAyikA e lakSaNA karuNa rasapradhAna unmattAdhavamAM na heAvAthI te otrI paNa nathI. uparUpakanA 23 mA prakAra nanamAM nakInuM nRtya ja mukhya hoya che ane te kSakSakSu 34 nRtyarahita ekAMkI unmattarAdhavamAM nathI tethI te na na paNu nathI. saMkSepamAM, unmattarAdhavamAM rUpaka ke uparUpakanA I cAkkasa prakAranAM caNA pUNatA rahelAM nathI eTale tenu` nATayasvarUpa sa'kaNa che. vibhinna prakAranAM lakSaNe tuM mizraNa temAM thayu. hAya ema jaNAya che. A kAraNane lIdhe bhAskara kavie peAte tene prekSaLa arthAt abhineya racanA ke nATayakRti evA zabdathI oLakhAvyu` che. prekSaLa athavA prekSaLIya e zabdo abhineya racanA ke nATaya kRti evA arthAMmAM ekathI vadhu vAra purogAmI nATyakAra hadeva peAtAnI priyaciA nATikAnA trIjA aMkamAM ane rAjazekhara peAtAnA rAmAyaLamU nA trIjA akamAM prayAje che. tethI bhAskara vinA prekSA zabdaprayAganA atha vizenA ApaNA uparanA anumAnane puSTi maLe che. vaLI te utsuSTikAMka prakAranu rUpaka na heAvAthI Adhunika vinezvanAM matta svIkArI zakaSa sanmattarAdhavam ekAMkInA nATyaprakAra sINa svarUpavALA che. ema A navI niSa tAravI zakIe. ke ema nathI. pariNAme ane aMte ApaNe pATIma 1. jImmattarAdhava' nAma chellALamutrAnuM 1 unmattarAdhava, prastAvanA, zlAka 2, ni. sA. AvRtti, I. sa. 1925 nI tRtIyAvRtti-durgAprasAda mane pacya sapAdita. 2. vASidA rAvarA tAMjA vasitAH| sAhityapaNa, 6/8, niNaeNyasAgara AvRtti, I. sa. 1936, tarka vAgIzanI TIkA sAthenI. va manegI mUrovI 3. cakaroDanI nAyag vimoDAhyoDavA vRzi / ejana, 6/225 yA / ejana, 6/10 "hammatatravat ve nAprakAra ] For Private and Personal Use Only [ s&

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4. bhANaH syAd dhUrtacarito / khelna, 1/227. ekAGka eka evAtra nipuNaH paNDito viTaH / kheLuna, 6/228. kuryAdAkAzabhASitaiH.....sUcayed vIrazRMgArau / yena, 1/228 5. bhavet prahasane vRtta nindyAnAM kavikalpitam / sena, 1/264 aGgI hAsyarasastatra / khena, 1/215 6. catvAro'GkA matAH aGgI raudrarasastatra / yena, 6/242 mAyendracAlasaMgrAmakrodhodbhrAntAdiceSTitaiH / bhena, 1/241 7. narairbahubhirAzritaH / nanaM 6/201 astrInimittasamarodayaH / menana, 1/232 8. trayo'GkAstatra...khyAta devAsurAzrayam / yena, 1/234 vIra mukhyo'khilo rasaH / 1/236 5. kazvideko'tra kalpyate / khena, 1/253 13. nATikaiva prakaraNI sArthavAhAdinAyakA / 10. caturaMkaH prakIrtitaH / na, 1/245 divyastriyamanicchantImapahArI dinecchataH / bhena, 1/247 11. bahustrIparidevitam / na 6 / 251 asmiJjayaparAjayau / yuddhaM ca vAcA kartavyam / khena, 1/252 12. nATikA klRptavRttA syAt strImAyA caturaMkikA | bhena, 6/267 14. mandapuruSAtrAGgasaptakam / yena 6/308 sUcayed bhUri zRMgAram / kheojana, 1/254divyastrahetukaM yuddham / menana, 1/250 samAnavaMzajA neturbhavedyatra ca nAyikA // bhenana, 6 / 306 4* ] Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 15. saptASTanavapaMcAGka divyamAnuSasaMzrayam / troTakaM nAma tatprAhuH pratyaGka savidUSakam // khena, 1/273 16. asUtradhAramekAGkam.. . mUrkhanAyakam / na 9/288 17. pIThamardo'panAyakam.hAsyo'Ggayatra / bhena, 1/278 18. saMlApake'GkAzvatvArastrayo vA nAyakaH punaH / pASaNDaH syAd rasastatra zRMgArakaruNetaraH // 6/251 bhaveyuH purasaMrodhacchala saMgrAmadrivAH // yenana, 1/252 18. catvAraH zilpake'GkAH nAyako brAhmaNo mataH / zobhana, 6/276 hIna syAdupanAyaka: / bhojana, 1/257 20. durmallI caturaMkA syAt nyUnanAyakabhUSitA / nna, 1/303 viTakrIDAmayo... vidUSakavilAsavAn... pIThamardaM vilAsavAn / yena, 1/304-305 21. sahakaM prAkRta / zeSapAThayaM syAd | bhena, 1/276 aMkA javanikAkhyAH syu syAdanyannATikAsamam / khena, 6/277 22. prekhaNaM hInanAyakam / asUtradhAramekAMkam / niyuddhasaMpheTayutam / nepathye gIyate nAndI tathA tatra prarocanA / khena, 1/281-287 [ sAmIpya : . 152-bhAya 1553 For Private and Personal Use Only

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22. prAkRtainavabhiH puMbhirdazabhirvApyalaMkRtA / mena, 6/274 kAmazRgArasaMyuktA syAdekARvinirmitA / mena, 6/275 24. hallIza eka evAGkaH saptASTau daza vA striyaH |...bhutaallysthitiH / sena, 1/307 25. prasthAne nAyako dAso hInaH syAdupanAyakaH / / dAsI ca nAyikA / menana, 1/280 aGkau dvau...| menana, 6/281 26. divyavRttam / bhenana1/282 ulchApya bahusaMpAmam .......catako nAyikAstatra / na /283 27. prakhyAtakRttamekAm / rana, 1/26. zrItizabdena saMkulam / med, /24. . 28. vidUSakaviTAbhyAM ca pIThamardaina bhUSitA / megana, 1/70 hInanAyakA / ana, f/3.2 24. ekAGka hAsyasaMkulam / khaNDamAtrAdvipadikAbhagnatAleralaMkRtam, "apana, /284 30. mallikA bhogazRMgAra...vidUSakaviTakriyA / pR. 217, bhAvaprakAzanam, gA. me. sI. Ati, vaIRI, cha. sa. 1830 8. pIThamardopanAyakA / mena, pR. 268 dvipadIkhaNDageyAdayA...rathyAvAsakatAlayuk / mAna 1. vIstRgArabhUyiSThA...kathAgeyasamanvitA / ... vidUSakakrIDAparihAsamanoharA / apana, 5. 218 B. dhIramAramedurA na . 7 pUrapanAyikA / na 34. yasya padAminaya lalitalaya sadasi nako te lammartanakam..... 11 nATyadarpaNam , mA. sau.sI., bajeI. sa. 1 nATayakAra bhavabhUtie to AvA uttararAmacaritanA sAtamA aMkanA prasaMge ke 1 mAha. paSa ane 5 evA zabdo ja asaMdigdha rIte asthine ke jayAWtane mATe prayA che e noMdhapAtra che. abasarAvaNam / nAra ] For Private and Personal Use Only

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kSemendra te jijivileja vibhUti vi. bhada* gujarAta vidyAsabhA ane bho.je. vidyAbhavananA purAvazeSa saMgrahamAMnI lipiviveka' nAmanI saMskRta hastakana, ha2 AlI 25 varSa pahelAM lakhAyelI che. e prata zrI maMgalazaMkara genika paMDyAe pitAne mATe lakhelI che. pratanA pahelA kerA pAna para, atha jiviveka patra-2 // che || | paMDayA. maMgalazaMkara geviMdadevat che " - aMtima patra naM. 35 nI chellI kerI bAjue sAThodarA nAgaranA naDA, pUDA, thobhAvI, naina, sAkeda ane kanyAlI e cha gAmonAM nAmo UbhA kame lakhyA pachI te pAni la. maMgalazaMkara = lakheluM che. A lahiyAnI, A saMgrahamAM anya hastaprata paNa upalabdha che 2 * 12 se.mI. nI A hastapratanAM panne pUrepUrAM upalabdha nathI. patra naM. 1, 5-7 ane ni. 05 ja mULa akSaranA patro upalabdha che, jyAre putra ne'. 2 ane 4 bIja hAthe lakhela - judAM paDe tevAM patro pAchaLathI umerelAM lAge che, jo ke e patro paNa prAcIna te che ja. pahelA ane chellA patra na. 05 nI nala sakhI maLatImAvavAthI temAM lahiyAnI cokasAI varatAya che. vyA aSaNa ane taka prA hovA chatA5labdha patro parathI keTalIka agatyanI aitihAsika, sAMskRtika ane gujarAtanA saMskRta sAhityanA itihAsamAM umero kare tevI vigato prApta thavAthI A prata pagI gaNAya. : - "* prathama patramAM AraMbhe zrI mAya nama: a zrIpaticaraNasaroja praNamya nikhilapuruSArthakanilayam // kurve varNaviveka varNajJAnAya bAlAnAm // lakSmIpatinA caraNakamaLamAM namaskAra karIne, bALakone varNa-akSarenuM jJAna thAya eTalA mATe puruSArthonA ekamAtra bhaMDArarUpa varNavivekanI racanA karuM chuM. (1) e pachI graMthakartAne paricaya A pramANe Ave che. varuNa (pazcima) dizAe AvelA jAmanagara nA rAjAne radrajita nAmano rAjayakAryamAM kuzaLa, vicakSaNa ane zreSTha saciva hatA. te bahArSi. nAgarauSTha, sAtvika ane tejasvI hato. e mahAruddhanA avatArarU5 ane peTalAka gAmane rahevAsI hatA (zlo. 2-4). e rudrajita mahetAne parama dhArmika bhUdharejit nAmano putra hato. teNe rAjanagara(amadAvAdamAM tAjetaramAM (vi. sa. 1784) eka bhavya mahela (prAsAda ke maMdira) baMdhAvyo. tenA varNanI sArI sthiti hatI arthAta te dekhAvaDA ane prabhAvazALI hatA. tenI praja (bALako)nI sArI sthiti hatI. tenI praja (bALako) buddhizALI ane sadAcArI hatI. te dIrdhAyuSI nAgara bradharajita vividha zAonuM vAcana-adhyayana karavAnI IcachAvALo ane zAstrono adhikArIo * myujhiyama ina-cA, je. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda jara] [sAmAya A, -mA1e For Private and Personal Use Only

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vidvAna hatA (zle. 4-5). tene bhAradvAja gotrano peTalAda nagarane rahevAsI, atyaMta tejasvI mArUDeya samAna AyuSya bhogavanAra, varcasva jamAvanAra, atyaMta udAra, yazasvI, sArA putrovALA kalpadrumanuM dAna karanArA parama udAra dAnezvarI rAkaralAla" nAmano putra hatA (oN. 6-7). - e (zaMkaralAla)nI vinaMtIthI semendra nAmanA vidvAna brAhmaNe potAnI ane bIjAnI muzkelI ' potAnA yA bIjaonA abhyAsa mATe lipiviveka' nAmanA graMtha racyo. tene virya kahe *), have varNa vyAkhyAne vistAra karavAmAM Ave che. (slo. 8) vaktionA akSaronA rUpane mAtakone samUha mAnavAmAM Ave che. tene bheda-buddhine viveka; tenA samAnArthaka anya zabdo " (A graMthamAM ) meM kahyA che. (9). A graMthanA AraMbhe maMgalakAraka vidananAzaka maMgaLAcaraNa mATe adhyayana karanArAonI sarvesiddhinI prApti mATe ane graMthanI racanA pUrI karavAne karavAmAM Ave che (10). zAstronA adhyayananI IcchAvALAone mATe varNa-avarNa jJAna (ahI) kahevAmAM AvyuM che (11). A graMthane AraMbha 'zrIpati'thI thAya che. te A chaMdamAM che. te yaza ApanAra bhagaNa bhAgyavidhAtA ane cha mAsano bhagayu) maMgalakAraka ane namaskAra karavA yogya che. varuNenavALA bIje bleka manorama ane anuSya'chaMdamAM kayo che te pachInA bAkInA o paNa anupamAM che, e pachInA cAra (zle. 13-16) zlemAM indravaja, adhdharA, zAla ane zikhariNI chaMda graMthAraMbhe racavA 11thI 28 akSara sudhInA eka pAdathI paNa buddhizALI vidyAne anukrame AraMbha karavo. AvI rIte chaMdanA cAra caraNe ane tenA badhA bhagaNAdi gaNe ane tenA robhArUpa alaMkAre paNa jANavA joIe 16) e pachI zlo..27manA aMtima caraNanA mAtra cha akSaro ja upalabdha hovAthI e lupta patramAM dasa glaeNkemAM varNano anukrama vagere darzAvyuM haze. e pachI akSaronA uccAraNa kevI rIte karavA joIe te paDatAe jaNAvyuM che te darzAvyuM che. temAM "" "g "o" ane "'nuM ucAraNu kevI rIte karavuM joIe te batADyu che (28). A parathI AgalA dasa glaeNkemAM "ka" thI "ha"La" sudhInA varSonI lipi tathA uccAraNanI sUcanA apAI haze ema lAge che, kema ke spe. ra9 mAM kahe che ke A lipine abhyAsa vAMcavA tathA lakhadhAne karIne vikI, jeNe badhA akSarone madhura svare zuddha bolavAnuM jANuM UMdhuM che te badhA zAno 'vAcaka ane lekhaka bane che, te vidvAna sabhAmAMrahe che, sabhAnuM manoraMjana cejha kare che jemAM zaMkA nathI (30): haMmezAM paDhiye UThIne, pavitra thayelo sAtvika vidyAthI saMdhyAnI upAsanA karIne badhA zAstronuM adhyayana karavAne adhikArI thAya che, bIjA nahi, jema ke niSkriya, ba, yuvatIthI parAjita, rogiSTa, parAdhIna, vyasanI, paravaza, snAnazrAddha-tapa-homa vagara na karanAra brAhmaNa, kaMjUsa, ekalapeTe aMzuka evA leke veda-vedAMga jANatA nathI evuM pahelethI ja hAla mANase jANatA hoya che. zAstra ane teo adhikArI hatA nathI. cAra bimArIo paNininI varga, paza vagere saMsAo sahelAIthI samajI zake che (2). pa nI nI bAjue vAstranA bhagaNAdi gaNe (ATha), tenA svAmI ane phalanuM koSTaka nava khAnAM pADIne lahiyAe adhara maMDayuM che. te pachI patra 5-7 ane aMtima patra naM. 35 mULa, zuddha ane meTA akSAmAM lakhela che. akArathI zarU karIne 'kSakAra sudhInI bahArUpiNuM mAtRkAo, zabdasRSTinuM sarjana karanArI sarasvatI devI sadA jaya pAme (33). A uttamarUpavALI mAtRkAne gAyatrI nAmeM kahevAya che. e mahAvivA dhama, artha, kAma ane mokSa-cAreya dila ApanArI gAyatrIne sadA japavI jevA che. garika ijakAra-praNavamaMtrane anusvAra sAhitane vidhi A pramANe che. maMtrarUpe je eka nI gAyatrI hovAthI IzvaranA caraNamAMthI uvelAM zone te anarthakArI che (u5). vAraMvAra thavAnA kuda ri isle : " ER. For Private and Personal Use Only

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namaskAra karuM chuM ke e vivA uttama brAhmaNane ApavI, paraMtu mAtRkAgraMtha kadApi thaka(ayogya)ne na Apa (36). A graMtha iSTa jJAnanI pravRtti mATenuM zreSTha sAdhana thAya ane baliSTo mATe iSTa-manovAMchita phaLa ApanAra-sAdhyane sAdhavAmAM upayogI.aya (37). A pramANe "mAtA''mane' "pravRttivika kahyo. have sune AnaMdakAsTa vyavahAra karavAnI ke vAnI zarUAta kare che, (38). 'upara zabda aMge kahyuM, have. zabanI gati be prakAranI vRttisUcaka ane pravRttimayaka-nsamAptine vecaka Iti' ane bIjI "maya' AraMbhanI-mattinI sUcaka-e baMne maMgalakAraka artha jaNAvanArI che. ane graMthanI samAptirUpa chelle akSara choDI devo ema sajAe jaNAvyuM che (1). graMthanA sAtatyamAM bIje (ta) paNa prasiddha kahevAya che, A ta" ane "ya e zabdo maMthane zobhA ApanArA che (2), rAjAone yogathI (rahenA AnaMdAti yogo) siddhi prApta thAya che, brAhmaNane nakSatrAtA samAthI corene paNa (cala-acalA, zukane lIdhe ane sAmAnya mANasane mudatta (coghaDiyAM) jaIne kAma karavAthI, kAryasiddhinI prApti thAya che. mATe badhAM kAryo karavA mATe mudatane khyAla rAkhavo joIe, lekhananuM-adhyayana zarya karavA mATe kAryasiddhi thAya tevAM zubhakAphi mudatta kahevAya che (8), laghu svAti, punarvasu, revatI, zravaNa, zatabhiSA ane anurAdhA-A sAta nakSatromAM calita na thatA hoya tevA. nakSatramAM sArA putra-bALake zubha vAranA divase lipi lakhavAne zAbhAraMbha karavo joIe. (5). ahIM nakSatra ane tenA devatA, AnaMda yoga, karaNa nakSatrAdine anulakSIne badhAM kAryone AraMbha karavAnI sUcanA ApavAmAM AvI che, paMcAMganI nahi, paraMtu jarA dI vAta sacavAI che.) A rIte sAMbhaDhyA pramANe lipi nAmane ke mAtRkA nAmane, graMtha kahyo, jemAM varNa saMkhyA 50 (pacAsa) je anAdi kALathI cAlI Ave che. te anukrame jaNAvyo (6). ziSya adhyayana karanAra ane vidyAthI tathA AcArya, adhyayana karAvavAra ane guru (kahevAya); badhA zAstro vize pravacana kare tene upAdhyAya kahevAya che, maTha (sAdhu, brahmacArI ane saMnyAsIne rahevAnuM sthAna), nizALa jyAM vivAthIo bhaNe). ane jyAM vivAthI e rahe tene chAtrazALA, kahevAya che. varNa pramANe jaI ApyA pachI lipinuM adhyayana karavuM joIe. varNa; brAhmaNa, kSatrispati veta, raMga, ka, kha, ga vagere akSaro ane 1, 2, 3 vagere akaeN, emAM vaNu e padilaga bhojana e napuMsakaliMga ane lipi ke paMkti ke haraLa e "strIliMga' kahevAya che (9). vaNa= mAtakAonI, lipi kahevAya che. te lekhanamAM lakhAya che. jenAthI lepa karAya-lakhAya te lepa' caMdana vagereno (paNa) kahevAya che (10). jagatamAM traNa alaga ane zAstromAM paNa traNa liMga kahevAya che. jJAnaprada kAvya varNa-akSaranuM baneluM hoya che ema vi kahe che (11). snAna karIne veta vastro ane AbhUSaNe, caMdana vagere dhAraNa karIne ziSya sArA muhUrtamAM caMdana gaMdha vagere zubhopacArathI zreSTha AcAryanuM abhivAdana-vaMdana-karane upasthita thavuM joIe (12). AcAye prasanna thaIne ziSyane vidhipUrvaka lipi bhaNAvavAnuM cAlu rAkhavuM joIe, je 50 akSarUpe rahelI lipi mAtRkAnuM anukrame traN vAra Avartana karavuM joIe (13), A rIte lipi graMthanA adhyayananA AraMbhanI vidhine ziSTAcAra vyavahAra=viveka-bIje batAvyA pachI (1). zAstramAM varNarUpe rahelAM anAdikALathI siddha mAtRkAnA vivekanuM prakaraNa zarU thAya che. pahelI mulAdhArathI udbhavatI vANImAtRkAne parA, pachI pazcaMtI AMkhanA bhAvamAMya, hadayamAMthI madhyamAM nAnI ane mukhamAMthI ja bhavatI vaikharI vANI kahevAya che. e pachInA patro 8 thI 34 khUTe che. w] (sAya : hA, tharacA, jaya For Private and Personal Use Only

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patra ka5 na le. ja ApaNa che, paraMtu A zloka hemendranI Akaviveka' nAmanI gu. vi. saM. hastaprata naM. 1516 nA patra naM: 10 mAM A rIte maLI Ave che, je e graMthanI samApti pAme o. 1 che : ___ saMpUrNeyaM lipi devI- vika dadyAskiyoH zriyam / ramyA-gAM vighulaM. bAyuyazaH zubhra prathaschan // 1 // e pachI graMthAta praratu lipiviveka' nAmane maMtra ja nagara jJAtIya, bhada zrI zemeje vele pUro thaye, zrIrasta ! saMvata 184 nA bIjA vizAkha mAsanI vada cotha ane guravAre I. sa, 1728 nI 16 mI me ne divase lakhaze. zukra bhAva bhArAma mendra nAmanA eka zva kamiH 7 gayA(. eja prakAzano putra ane siMhane patra vyAsa semendra brAhmaNa vikAsa ane kAranA sAjA anaMta-(I. sa. 102014 nA sajadarabAramAM hatuM. teNe sajAva, sasivAya mahAkAvya avaradAna kayalA, nIti kapa iyAdi 20-22 graMtho racyA hatA. te abhinakatane. vidyAtho () thakaSAyajarI, samAyaNa-mAyAbhArata para "majarI ne kI kAzmIranA rAja ana(I. sa 02106 4) ne darabArI vi che. somadevakRta kathAsaritsAgara ma I. sa. 107, e anAja sajA. e ja racAyeluM. tenI semadeva, anaMtadeva rAjA ane uparakta, mare kAragaramI semeja kavi samakAlIna ane atiprakimAI ga2. (3). "AvajAna ka65satAka kSemerU (4"aucityavicAracAne kartA ena.12 Arthaparika (11 mI sadI che. A uparAMta bIje kyU mA TIma ane lIma, rAja dharonA sane mendra ityAdi aneka chemendra, kaI gamI. paraMtu jalatamAM mughalakAlIna kavi.semenanI uSata pilika" nAmanI apUra karipAka thaI hovAthI tene gujarAtanA saMskRta sAhityanA itihAsamAM samAviSTa kama ghaTe. lipi vigere para aparu ja che ke cokane kartA eja vidhAna uSNa ka. te udAra dAnavIra brAhmaNa karalAlanI vinaMtIthI lipi viveka" nI racanA karI che ja kSemenTanI jAtakSaddhi ane nATaka' nAmanI chaktagata na.. papa6 mAMthINaya che ke te pablAine vatanI. mAga, jJAAya jatA ja puna pAma aTaka dhakSate prAdhyAya hatA. vi. 4, 17mAM mAgazara vada AThamane ravivAre kAzomAM nAnA bhAInA puraka (bIjA) ne maTe, A SaTapaka jJAtinA nAgare "bhUtazuddhi ane mAtRka vivekanI racanA, relI, spe. 2 mAM varSAzA narendra" arthAta pazcima dizAe AvelA gAmanA jAma' (nara) rAjAnA zreSTha kuzaLa, sacivane ulekha Ave che, te A pratanA lekhana. saMvata 1784nI daSTie vicArIe to te samaye jAma tamAcI (2) rAja tarIke haze. 3 mughala sattAnuM jera e samaye saurASTramAM thoDuM ochuM thayeluM. paraMtu hindu rAjapUta cAonI sattA paNa vAraMvAra badalAtI lAge che. haratapratamAM janma. rAjAnA maMtrInuM nAma spaSTa nathI thatuM; kema ke palAdanA vatanI nAgara jJAtIya hovAnuM che te rajita mahetA nAmanA nAgarane bhUdharajit nAmano putra hato. ahIM mAtAja mahetA aTaka "mahAra' hedA parathI utarI AvelI che. A bhUdharejita mahetAe rAjanagara (amadAvAda)mAM meMTuM ghara baMdhAvyuM. ema ahI "bhUdharejita rIta mahetA peTalAdanA nAgara brAhmaNa hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. jAma tamAcI (2) nA samakAlIna caMdrasiMha haLavadanA rAjA hatA, jamanagaranA rAjA jAma jasAjInA zuravIra ane mutsaddI nAgara amaladAra zaMkaradAsa dAmodara hatA. tene vistRta ullekha zrI zaMbhuprasAda desAIe tathA zrI DelararAya mAMkaDe Avyo che. 4. demAta lipiviveka] For Private and Personal Use Only

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jAma jasAjIe haLavada pheja mokalI tyAre zaMkaradAsa nAgarane paNa mokalelA. zaMkaradAsa nAgara caMdrasiMhane jAmanagara lAvyuM, ne Ama saM. 1625 mAM jAmanagaramAM nAgara brAhmaNe AvIne vasyA hevAnuM spaSTa che. rudrajita ane bhUdharajina mahetA nAgara jJAtIya kahelA ja che. ane zaMkaradAsa nAgara mutsaddI ane parAkramI hovAthI jAmanagaramAM zaMkaraTekarIthI saLakhAtA maganuM nAma kadAca A zaMkaradAsanA nAmanI smRtimAM paDavuM hoya te navAI nahi.15 A zaMkaradAsanuM bhAradvAja gotra nAgaronAM gotra kabaronI badImAM nodhAyeluM che. A gotra matraka rAjanA zimaya I. sa. nI 5-7 sadI daramyAna pracalita gAtra hatuM amadmavAdamAM momInakhAnanA samaye zaMbhurAma jamane nAgara, maMtrI mutsaddI nAyaba sUbedAra tarIkenI sattA upara I. sa. 1756-57 mAM hato. mamInakhAne tene pakaDo kharI, paraMtu tene pAchaLathI mukhya maMtrI tarIke kAyama rAkhIne choDI mUkayo-emAM zarAma nAmano ulekha che ke te zaMbhurAma ane prastuta hastapratamAMnA karadAsa samayanI daSTie eka ja ke judA e vicAraNIya che. A zaMkaradAsanA samaye zreme kavi vidvAna brAhmaNa tarIke prasiddhi pAmI cUkaSA haze; kema ke A zreme lipivivekanI racanA karatAM pahelAM lagabhaga 8.10 varSa pahelAM bhAratanI prAcIna tamanagarI kAzImAM rahIne kuMDalinI jAgRta karavAnI pUrvabhUmikArUpa bhUtazuddhi ane mAtRkAviveka graMthanI racanA karelI che. temAM kRSikAmAM tene peTalAdane khyaka nAgara ane yanA putra kahyo hovAthI bhUdharejita rajita mahetAno A kSemendra kavi vaMzaja kahevAnuM pUrepUruM saMbhave che, Ama A kavinI graMthakartA tarIkenI kArakidI vi. saM. 1773 thI 1784 sudhInI spaSTa thAya che. gujarAtanA A saMskRtanA prakhara paMkti vyAkaraNa, chaMdazAstra nyAtiSasAhitya, viveka ane vyavahAra temaja AdhyAtmika vidyAma siddhi pAmelA kSeme-dhe lipivivekamAM lipituM adhyayana kyAre sara karavuM tenA saMdarbhamAM nakSatra ane tenA devatAone ullekha ApIne muhartA jaNAvyAM che. chaMdazAmAMnA gaNatA devatA ane phaLanuM keSTaka (joke apUrNa) ApyuM che, paraMtu temanA manamAM "ma' gaNanA svAmI bhUmi, zubhakAraka ane tenuM i athota lakSmI che. e pramANe bAkInA sAthe mAnA svAmI, phaLa, AdhAra ane zubhAzubha darzAvavAnuM haze. e spaSTa che. paNa , Ama mA kavi aMge vadhu abhyAsa ane anya kRtionI adha AvakArya thaI paDayo. A rIte ahI: gajarAtanA peTalAdanA vatanI sAdhadasa nAgaka-kavi zremenanI zAvalI, kula, vatana vagere ane tenI kRtiono paricaya prApta thaI zake che. pAdaTIpa 1. sAdarA nagara mATe juo, zaMbhuprasAda dezAI, saurASTrano itihAsa" (sI. I.), jUnAgaDha, 1968, pR. 401; zivaprasAda rAjagora." "gajarAtanA brAhmaNe itihAsa," amadAvAda, 1987, pR. 301-304. ' '2. sArA nAgaranAM cha gAma vaDodarA jillAnA DabhoI tAlukAmAM rava (namadA) kAThe AvelAM che. juo gujarAta rAjayamAM jillAvAra tAlukA mahAlanAM gAmenI yAdI, amadAvAda, 1969, pariziSTa 137, pR. 309; De. ha.gaMzAstrI. "nAgaraH itihAsanI daSTie,' adhyayana ane saMzodhana, amadAvAda, 1991, pR. 86. a. juo, bhe. je. vi. saM. hastaprata naM. 7217 "prayogasAra" ane "kautuka ciMtAmaNimAM smArTa agnihotrI 5DayA maMgala keraLa ane temAM ja te pachI paMDayA maMgala kara gAviM. devaI lakhyuM che. [sAmApya : okTo., -mAca, dhaa For Private and Personal Use Only

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che. e samaye nAgarA "mahAra' nAmane hedo saMbhALatA. te parathI mahetA' aTaka 5DI (sau i., pR. 403): zrI mukundarAya haridatta pAThaka, "nAgara sarvasaMgraha, darzana 1, vaDodarA, 1981, pR. 66; 4. nAgara kuTuMbomAM bhAradvAja gotra Ave che. vizeSa vigata mATe juo, sau. i., pR. 405-6; te "nAra sarvasaMgraha, pR. 94 ane 134. 5. haLavadane rAjA caMdrasiMha kavione uttejana ApanIra hatA. tenA samayamAM A "zaMkaralAle zremendra kavine sAhitya sarjana karavAnuM uttejana ApyuM haze. (so. i., pR. 561-62) 6. chaMdaHAstranA bhagaLAdi gaNa, devatA. phala ityAdinA koSTaka mATe juo . rAmacandra zA. (vA), viMti, vauvazva vidyAmavana, vArANasI, 182, pR. 8. 7. nakSatra, temanA devatAo, phala ityAdi mATe juo, zaMkara bAlakRSNa dIkSita bhAratIya jyotiSa zAstra, prathama khaMDa amadAvAda-6, 1971, pR. 118; e. 'lipivika, patra na. 6 azlo. hato uttarAdha : 00 g :ra' karIne i : vina madine II 2 1 . je. saM. hastaprata . 556. patra 3. a.ba ja te maLe che. lipivivekI--patra naM. jaba . 29-30 vimenathI..ane vAcA AvarAja mAlukA viveka papapa6nA patra ma. 10-11 upara upalabdha che. patra naM. 4 bIja akSara lakhAyela hovAthI zlokeAnAM caraNamAM thoDA pheraphAra jovA maLe che. tethI lipivivekane aMtima patra na. 3 nI zarUAtane bleka, je. 34 para haze. ne bleka ne papapa patra naM 10 ba uparathI jULamAMji iva ALa viputra thayu : ja chatuM ke pUrA maLI zake che. Ama atirika purAvAone AdhAre paNa eka ja katanA kati hovAnuM phalita thAya che. 8. 16 vara + Ta vyaMjana + 3 =50 ki Krishnamachartiar History of classical Sanskrit Literature. pp. 171 ff. 10. Ibid; p. 419; " va vavAya, saMta sAhilya 1 tihAsa, tattama saMdara, vAparI - 2166, p. 26-27; jeThAlAla zAha, "saMskRta vAyapradIpa, satkavi kSemendra saMskRta - vADmayapradIpa," sAvalI, 1985, pR. 148-156 - 11. Krishnamachariary op. cti, p. 642 ft. - 12. Ibid, p. 73 3mirAte ahamadImAM sakalAla nAmanI agraNI vyaktine ullekha paTalAda paragaNAnA saMdarbhamAM Ave che. 'mirAte ahamadI'ke. me, jhaverI (anu.) vai: 1. khaDa 2, amadAvAda. 1903, . 108 ne 5 37e bAbata A hastaptamAM AvA prakalAnA saMdhAnamAM ullekhAyelA karavAsanI daSTie vimAraNIya che, pI. I. pR. 561-53-ane paoNlararAya che. mAMkaDa, jAmaksarane itihAsa, ahInAbA (ji. jAmanagara, 1972, 5. 14 27 ane 28 hariraspara ga. zAstrI, gujarAtanA aitihAsika le, zreya 5, pR. 185-86, muMbaI, 1985 gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa graMtha 6. pR. 122 ane pR. 11.' 14. sa. I., pR. 11-, pa0, 55; jAmanagarane itihAsa, pR. 14 ane 17 15.' jAmanagarane ItihAsa pR. 17 1. gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, 2': 6, mughalakAla, pR. 114-115 15.- je. je. vidyAbhavananA hastapratasaMgrahamAMnI uparokta baMne sAta ha<Page #51
bhe . vidyAbhavana, amadAvAdamAM keTalAMka jaina zi AvINacaMdra parIkha bhAratI zalata+ amadAvAbA zeTha bhoLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI adhyayana saMzAdhana vidyAbhavananA saMgrahAlayamAM saMgRhIta jana zilpA zrI pIrA cha sAgasa ane zrI vAkANI dvArA saMsthAne bheTa maLela che. A zilpomAMnAM sAta jeTalAM zipi vize ahIM mUtimAnika daSTie vaNaja prastuta karavAmAM AvyuM che. 1. hama : A sAmAnya parihAMka 1ra40 che. ratAza paDatA retiya pASANanI alI A matina pA5 51810 se.mI. che. samiitamAM Ubhelpa yakSanA sarasa para bANa mukha paSTa dekhAya che. yakSe vanamALA ane vahe capaTo pra dhAraNa karyA che. hAthamAM bevaDA paheLA bAju ane kaMkaNuM dhAraNa karyAM che. temanA nIcalA hAthanI nIce eka eka anucara kaMDharelo che. pakSanA jamaNA upalA hAthamAM khaDaga jaNAya che. tamAre upalA DAbA hAthamAM vizala (9 jaNAya che. cAra hAtha khaMDita che. madhyamAMnA A hAthamAM aspaSTa ayudha (larikA 2) najare paDe che. nIcenA bhAgamAM baMne bAju be anucara jaNAya che, jemAMnA ekane DAbo ane bIjAne jamaNe hAtha phlavalaMbita che. muka jaDita cUDAmaNi ane chAtI paranA paTTanA AdhAre mUti jaina tIrthakara saMbhavanAthanA trisukha yakSanI hovAnuM jaNAya che. vAhana kotareluM nahIM hovAthI A yakSa digaMbara ke zvetAMbara hovAnuM kahI zakAtuM nathI. zvetAMbara ane digabara paraMparAmAM trimukha vRkSanA cha hAtha hovAnuM jaNAvAyuM che. digaMbara paraMparA anusAra trimukha yakSanA cha hAthamAM cakra, khaDaga, aMkaza, daMDa, trizala ane dRSTi hoya che, jyAre zvetAMbara paraMparAmAM trimukha yakSanA jamaNA hAthamAM nakula, gadA ane abhaya mudrA tathA ' DAbA traNa hAthamAM bijo, amArA ane mALA (hA) (ya che.* A trisukha mAsanI svatI pratimA ukhAvAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. che. je. vidyAlaya mAlayanI mA masi vAta rahita ane kasAyelI che. jo ke tenI kati nuM mohara che. baMne pArvagata mukhAtio kAma nAnI hovAthI temaja teja paranI nAnInI skAI jatAM e be mukha joLI kApIne saMrakAmAM hoya ema jAya che. bhaNAne AdhAre A sati I.sa.nI AmI-navamI nAhI lI prAcIna jaNAya che. 2. supArzvanAtha ArasamAMthI kaMDArelI vItha kara prAthanAthanI A pratimAne sAmAnya parijhaNAMka 1578 che. enuM mApa 415415.5 se.mI. che. tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha paganuM pAcana vALI mecamudrAmAM hoya rAkhI upadeza ApatA hoya ema beThA che. emanAM vistRta cInAra te khullAmAM che. emanA mastaka para kaMvalazcita kesAva uchaLI che. emanI nAyikA aNIdAra, eka pAtaLA ane bolavA paTe jaNe . miyAmaka, za. vidyAlayama, bAvAda + rIDara, je. je. vina, aAvAda nA w] [sAmIpya che. vAca, 19 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bIDayA hoya evA nAjukAIthI kaMDArelA che. emanA vakSasthaLa 5ra zrIvatsanuM cihna kaMDAryuM che. nAbhi uparanA bhAgamAM cAra bIjacaMdra jevI rekhAo kaMDArelI che. pratimAne jamaNe hAtha khaMDita che, jyAre DAbA kAnanI bUTa cheka & dhane sparza kare che. bhrapakti lAMbI che ane kaMTha para traNa valIo racAya che. uDara ane nAbhi para cAra valIo dazyamAna che. tIthakaranA hasta kalaba che. hAthanI cAreya AMgaLIo lagabhaga sarakhI laMbAInI che. emanA jamaNA hAthamAM bhAgyarekhA maNibaMdhamAMthI nIkaLatI spaSTa dazAvI che. pagamAM paNa cakravatIsUcaka rekhAo che, vistRta ura sthaLa, AjanubAhu, laMbakarNa ane suDoLa dehayaSTi pratimAnI sukamAratA abhivyakta kare che. AsapATalI para madhyamAM temanuM lAMchana svA bIjAM keTalAMka rekhAMkane karelAM che. pratimAnI pIThikA upara vi.saM. 1619 lekha kotarelo che. 4 - pIThikAnuM jamaNI taraphanuM mApa 2045 se.mI., mUrtinI pAchaLa vaccenA bhAganuM mApa 165 se.mI. ane DAbI taraphanuM mApa 1955 se.mI. che. jamaNI taraphanA lakhANavALA bhAganuM mApa 2042 se.mI. vaccenA lakhANavALA bhAganuM mA5 1642 se.mI. ane DAbI taraphanA lakhANavALA bhAganuM mA5 19.5 se.mI. che. agrabhAganA lakhANamAM prathama paMkti 14 se.mI. bIjI paMkti : 12 5 se.mI. ane trIjI paMkti 65 se.mI lAMbI che. lekhanI paheLAI 4 se.mI. che. lekhanI miti sa.1618, vaizAkha sudI 15, zukravAranI che. kAnnikAdi vagaNanAnI paddhati anusAra A tithie aMgrejI tArIkha 7 me, I.sa. 1563, zanivAranI che." lekhane pATha nIce mujaba che : A 1. . 2621 - vairANa suri 26 e thI pUruM B 1. mAM zrI rUdrava tarapha sumatijari gujarAta [c 1. so ri - mAne mA - mAM(A 2. be va SA ja. jenA A0 mA su0 vachaI* B 2, 3 [6] ta...zrI supArzvanAtha nina viM [] c 2. - ne | vA0 putI pragati mUtinA AgaLanA bhAganuM lakhANa 1. zrI rastu hAsU vana. zrI 2. sumatikI tigurUpadezAt che. tenA A0 nAM merA ]i traNamati parabata che, manasA devI retiyA pASANanI A pratimAne sAmAnya parigrahaNAMka 17110 ane mA5 4742244 se.mI. che. jana devatAonI mUtiomAM manasA devInuM eka viziSTa sthAna che. bho. je. vidyAbhavana myujhiyamamAM manasA devInI eka sevya svarUpa pratimA surakSita che. A pratimAmAM devI nAganA Asana upara padmAsanavALIne beThelAM che. emanA mastaka para nAgaphaNAne chatravaTo daSTigocara thAya che. tenuM vAhana haMsa nanA nIcenA bhAgamAM kaMDAreluM che. A pratimA atyaMta dhasAyelI che. mukhAkRti ane chAtIne bhAga - dhANe nAza pAme che. devI caturbhuja che. enA jamaNA upalA hAthamAM aMkutha, nIcalA jamaNA hAthamAM je. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAdanAM keTalAMka jaina zilpo]. 4i9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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DAbA hAthamAM varadAta, upalA DAbA hAthamAM saMbhavataH akSamALA ane nIcalA DAbA hAthamAM aspaSTa vastu che, zilpa zo para parA anusAra e phaLa hoya che. devIe pAdhvalaya, sADI para mekhalA ane kAnamAM bhAre kuM Dala paherelAM che. pratimAM I.sa.nI 12mI sadInI mAlUma paDe che. 4. lakSmI ratiyA paththaranI banelI A mUti para cUnAnu paDa caDhAvelu' che. emAM devI gavAkSamAM lalitA sanamAM sanALa padmayukta Asana upara caturbhuja svarUpe beThela che. emanA upalA ane hAthamAM eka eka sanALa kamaLa che, nIcalA jamaNuA hAthamAM varairyukta akSamAlA tathA DAbA hAthamAM ghaTa che. mastaka para pacakUTa suTa, kAnamAM bhAre kuMDala, karDamAM hikkAsana tathA kaDA jevA paheALA puTTIne mala bahAra, bAhu para mAjAdha ane pagamAM valaya najare paDe che. devInA paga ane hAthanI hatheLIo para cUnAnAM par3a suDhI gayA che. DA. zrI. sI. bhradrAcArye darzAvela smRtividhAnanA AdhAre A pratimA-svarUpa jaina para pAnI lakSmIne vyakta kare che. A vrutima 16 mI-1.8 mI sadInI jaNAya che. 5. kubera : (dikapAla) (a) retiyA paththaranA batela, jaina ma MdiranA maMDapanA adhastaMbhanA eka bhAgamAM eka chAju khera ane bIjI taraph IzAna, e be dikpAlAnI AkRtie ka DArelI che. adhastaMbhanA A bhAgane sAmAnya parimaDhAMka 13092 che ane enu mApa 9552439 se.mI. che. dikpAla kubere dhAvasa tarIke kA dheAtI paherelI che. uttarIya jaNAtuM nathI. chAtI para yajJApavitanI jema DAbA skaMdha parathI jamaNI tarapha udara sudhI jatA paTTa paherela che. kubera caturbhu-ja che. jamaNA nIcalA hAthamAM gadA, jamaNA upalA hAtha, tathA DAkhA upalA hAtha vaDe nakulikA mastakanI pAchaLathI dhAraNa karelI che. pratimAtA DAmeA nIcA hAtha kha'Dita che. DAbA paga pAse khAData thayela vAhana hAthI najare paDe che. kubere ekAvalI, ku'Dala, tathA mekhalA dhAraNa karela che. mUrtinI DAbI bAjue eka anucara UbhA che, jenA hAthamAM nANuA kAthaLI che, anucare kevaLa laMgATI dhAraNa karela che, alakArA nathI. anucaranA TUMkA ALelA vALa temaja prasanna mukhAkRti jANe ke pAchaLathI koIe sRskaraNa karIne banAvI hAya eNma jaNAya che. cUDAmaNiyukta jaTA mukuTa, vakSa:sthaLa paranu lAMchana, tathA Ayudha ityAdine AdhAre A smRti jaina pUruM parAmAM svIkRta dikpAla kuberanI hAvAnuM pratIta thAya che. A mUti I.sa.nI 11 mI sadI jeTalI prAcIna che. (ba) IzAna : (dikpAla) jaina maoNMdiranA ma`DapanA adhastaMbhanA eka bhAgamAM kuberanI jamaNI bAjue dikpAla zAnanI smRti" kAtarI che. enuM mApa 51x19-5x65 se.mI. che. deve phreMka dheAtI paherelI che, je kaTivastrathI adhilI che. IzAne uttarIya paheyu" nathI. pUratu dhathI jamaNA uttarane pharatA paTTa dhAraNa karelA che. ska dhabuSa paNa najare paDe che. mastaka para jaTAmukuTa ane temAM cUDAmaNi zAlita che. IzAnanA kaNamAM bhAre kuMDala, ekAvalI ane hikkAsUtra dhAraNa karyo che. caturbhuja pratimAnA upalA jamaNA hAthamAM trizUla upalA DAbA hAthamAM sarpa, nIcalA jamaNA ane DAmA baMne hAtha khaDita che. A khaMDita hAzamAM dhanuSya-bANuM hAvAnuM jaNAya che. kAraNu temanI pITha para tIranuM bhAthuM najare paDe che. IzAnanA paganI DAbI bAju aMjalibaddha mudrAmAM eka anuyara najare paDe che. maNI bAju vAhana vRSabha atyaMta 50] [sAmIpTa : AkaTo., '92-mArca', 1992 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zvetAMbara para'parA mujaba IzAnanA cArlR hAthamAM pinAka, trizULa, sarpa ane kamaLa hovAnuM jaNAya che. A smRtividhAna aMhI baMdha bese che. A smRti I.sa.nI 11mI sadInI mAlUma paDe che. kha'Dita che. 6. dvArazAkhanAM ziyA * A ThArazAkha rAjasthAnanA bairATa gAmamAMthI prApta thayelAM che, e zrI vAkANI taraphathI saMsthAne bheTa maLyAM che. e sauthI uparanA khatu mApa 104 x 51 se.mI. che. nIcenA be stanonuM alaga mApa 70 x 45 se.mI. che. koI jaina mahAma`diranA mukhya pravezadvAranI che. hAla enA pAMca khaMDa bhe. je. vidyAbhavana(sAmAnya parigrahaNAMka 15780)mAM surakSita che. A zilpamAM lITas (pATaDA) para traNa zilpa pa`kti che. emAM sastuMthI nIce puSpAkano che. madhyanI poktimAM lalATabhikhamAM tIya karanI mehelI AkRti che. AsananI pATalI surakSita che. tItha karatu mastaka khaMDita che. jemanI chAtImAM zrIvatsanuM lAMchana che A mUrtinI pratyeka bAju eka eka cAmaradhArI, eka eka hasti ane eka eka naka tathA eka eka vAdaka draSTigAcara thAya che. AnA pratyeka cheDe eka eka devI (yakSI ?) kaDArelI che. DALI bAjunA gavAkSanI devInA hAthamAM aMkuza, varada, phaLa ane phUla che. jamaNI bAjunI devInA upalA ane hAthamAM nakulikA ane bAkInA emAM varada ane phaLa che. te devIe sADI, kaTakavalaya, kaMThahAra, mekhalA, kuMDala ane sajAvelA dhATanI kezaracanA karelI che. sahuthI uparanI paMktimAM ka DArelI ATha AkRti paikI eka mAlAdhArI ane sAta puSpadhArIAnI che, vaLI emAM cAra zrAvako najara paDe che, DAbI bAjunA zrAvaka bhAre khaMDita thayA che. jamaNA khUNAmAM eka mRgavAdaka kotaryA che ane e nakA DAbA khUNAmAM ka'DAryA che. hArI che. dhAraNa bArazAkhanI DAkhI bAju UbhI haroLamAM uparathI nIce traNa devIonI mUrti sahuthI upara cakrezvarI che. caturbhuja devIe potAnA hAtheAmAM cakra, cakra, varadamudrA ane karela che. ahI' vAhana garuDa spaSTa najare paDe che. madhyamAM devI pAzAMkuzA che, jenA upalA be hAthamAM pAza ane phaLa che ane nIcalA jamaNA haoNtha varadamudrAmAM tathA nIcalo DA khaMDita che. jenu vAhana hAthI najare paDe che, je khaMDita che. cheka nIce trizula, trizUla, vararkSamArthA ane cothA hAthamAM phaLa dhAraNa karela che. A devInuM vAhana haMsa jAya che, jamaNI bAjunI bArasAkhamAM uparathI nIce traNa devIonI AkRti che, jemAM anukrame puruSadattA, vajra kuzA ane tenI nIce manasA devI che. puruSadattAnA hAthamAM khaDga, kheTaka, varada ane phaLa che. vAhana prAyaH mahiSa jaNAya che. vajrA zAnA hAthamAM vajra, aMkuza, varada ane phaLa che. tenuM vAhana hAthI che. manasAnA hAthamAM zUla, akuza, varadAkSa ane mudrA dhAraNa karela che, jyAre tenuM vAhana haMsa che. DAkhI bArazAkhamAM nIce dvipAla indra ane jamaNI bArazAkhanI nIce varuNu che. indranA hAthamAM vajra, aMkuza, varada dekhAya che. tenu vAhana hAthI che. varuNunA hAthamAM pAza, varada ane phaLa che. vAhana kha`Dita che. ane khArazAkhAnI aMdaranI bAjue velapattInAM rUpAMkana karyAM che. bahAranI bAjue eka sarakhA svarUpanI vAdakonI UbhI haroLa najare paDe che. jemAM uparathI nIce jatAM vINAvAdaka, pakhavAjavAdaka, Dholaka ke mRgavAka, karatAlavAdka, majirAvAda, dhaMTavAdaka, DamaruvAka, muralIvAka vagere che. badhA devadevI varamudrAmAM che, DAbI bAju phaLa mudrA sAthe pakaDelu che. devadevIonA vALa oLIne pAchaLa lIdhelA che. sleTiyA sapATa paththaramAMthI banAvela dvArazALa mevADI zailInuM jaNAya che. khUba bho. je. vidyAbhavana amadAvAdanAM keTalAMka jaina zilpe] [51 For Private and Personal Use Only

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khaMDita che. jene tAMbara mUtividhAna anusAra matividhAna karavAmAM AvyuM che. A zilpa 15 mI sadI pahelAMnuM jaNAya che. 7, aMbikA A dhAtumati zrI. pirAja sAgarA taraphathI saMsthAne bheTa maLela che. tene sAmAnya parimahaNAMka 15201 che ane enuM mA5 6.5 4 11.5 41 se.mI. che. A pratimAmAM devI pitAnA vAhana siMhanI pITha upara lalitAsanamAM beThela che, caturbhuja devInA jamaNA nIcalA hAthamAM AmraphaLa, jamaNu upalA hAthamAM cakra, DAbA upalA hAthamAM pAza () ane DAbA nIcalAM hAtha vaDe putra (siddha ke buddha)ne dhAraNa karela che. devInA mastaka para mukuTa, kAnamAM kuMDala, ekAvalI, karavalaya, pAdavalaya dhAraNa karela che. devInA vastranI nIcenI kera spaSTa dekhAya che. mukhAkRti ghaNuM ghasAI gaI che. temanA mastaka pAchaLa AmrapalavanuM prabhAmaMDaLa raceluM che. A zi95 17 mI sadI jeTaluM prAcIna jaNAya che. pAThI 9. B. C. Bhattacharya, Jain Iconography, Lahore, p. 97 R.R. S. Gupte, Iconography of the Hindus, Budhists and Jains, Bombay, 1972, p. 179; priyabALA zAha, jaina matividhAna, amadAvAda, 1980, 5. 73-74 . 3. B. C. Bhattacharya, op. cit., p. 97 4 vibhUti vi. bhaTTa, "gujarAta vidyAsabhA ane bho. je. vidyAbhavanamAM saMgRhIta zilAlekha buddhiprakAza." pR. 127, aMka 10, 1980, pR. 419-20 4. L. D. Swamikannu Pillai, Indian Ephemeris, New Delhi, 1982, Vol. V, p. 128 6. B. c. Bhattacharya, op. ch, pp. 156-56 para] [sAmIpya : ekaTa, '82-mArca, 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra paTTa-1 citra 1. trimukha yakSa, bho.je. vidyAbhavana citra 2. supArzvanAtha, je. je. vidyAbhavana (citranI samajUtI mATe juo A aMkamAM pravINacaMdra parIkha ane bhAratI zelata lekha) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra paTTa-2 citra 3. dvArazAkhanAM zilpeza, bhe. je. vidyAbhavana (citrAnI samajUtI mATe jue A aMkamAM pravINacaMdra parIkha ane bhAratI zelataneA lekha) For Private and Personal Use Only

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paTTa-3 (h 1+1edyble * *eThe leshe he lefs (le pe* ]**J) fr21h - b1jale fateldi- - 1]]tsp eE * 1e9 [by1e - rs ** U - For Private and Personal Use Only

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(eg 1_120b1: "? *elhe left e te ee pee ]eteJ) *LJt pe< *eaf be pzJT* - agle * kel 56-4 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra rANIvAva--pATaNanI keTalIka yugala pratimA hiMdu dharmAMnA sa MpradAyA paikI Ara. TI. sAvaliyA * zaiva ane vaiSNava sapradAyA mukhya che. A saMpradAyAmAM pramukha devanI anekavidha svarUpanI pratimAe banelI jovA maLe che. jemAM pramukha deve karelAM kArTUnA svarUpanI pratimAo uparAMta zRMgAra pratimA paNa najare paDe che. AmAM khAsa karIne viSNu ane zivanI svataMtra pratimA, saMyukta pratimA ane yugala pratimA vizeSa jaNAya che. A sAthe brahmAnI vividha svarUpanI pratimAmAM tenI yugala pratimA vizeSa dhyAna khece che. koI paNa sa`pradAyamAM pramukha deva sAthe tenI patnI svarUpe devInI pratimA rahelI jovA maLe che. A prakAranI pratimAomAM meTA bhAge deva-devIne beThelAM ke UbhelAM batAvyAM che. AvI pratimA sAmAnya rIte yugala ke AliMgana pratimA tarIke oLakhAya che. A prakAramAM sarvasAmAnya pracalita svarUpomAM brahmA-sAvitrI, umA-mahezvara, lakSmI-nArAyaNu, gaNeza-zaktinAM svarUpo viroSa daSTigocara thAya che. 1. ukta yugala svarUponI pratimAonAM mUtividhAna purANA ane zilpabhraMthAmAM maLe che. gujarAtamAMthI prApta AvI yugala pratimAonuM' nirIkSaNa karatAM nIce pramANenAM lakSaNA tAravI zakAya : yugala pratimAmAM sAmAnya rIte Asana para deva jamA paga laTakatA rAkhIne beThelA ane DAbA utsagamAM devI DAbe paga laTakatA rAkhIne beThelAM hoya che. devanI pratimA karatAM devInI pratimA kamAM nAnI banAvavAmAM Ave che. 2. www.kobatirth.org 3. 4. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 5. devane caturbhuja ane devIne dvibhuja hoya che. devanA DAA nIcalA hAtha devInI DhAkhI bAju stanane sparzItA athavA keDa pharate AliMgana ApatA batAvAya che, jyAre devInA jamaNA hAtha devanA khabhA para Ali Mgana ApatA darzAvAya che. deva-devI beThelA hAya te Asana AgaLa vAhana ane AjubAju parivAra devatA Ave che. batAvavAmAM AvI keTalIka yugala pratimA gujarAtanI prakhyAta rANIvAva-pATaNumAM AvelI che. gujarAtanI suprasiddha prAcIna rAjadhAnI aNahilapura-pATaNanI uttara-pazcime e ki.mI dUra eka prAcIna vAva AvelI che. A vAva caulukatha rAjA bhImadeva 1 lAnI rANI udayamatie bhImadevanA mRtyu (1063 I. sa.) pachI badhAvI hAvAnuM manAya che. A vAva gujarAtanA adbhuta kalA-kauzala ane kalA kotaraNInA utkRSTa namUnA che. A vAva rANI udbhamatie badhAvelI hAvAthI rANIvAva" ke "rANakI vAva"nA nAme prasiddha che. agiyAramI sadInA gujarAtanA leAkavananA uccatama kalAsaMskAra ane sau niSThAnu.. A vAva Akhe' pratibiMba pADe che. A jaDa paththaro garavA gujarAtIonI sauM. jhaMkhanA ane manuSyanI kalAmAtranAM jIvaMta pratIko che. A vAvanI vipula zilpa-samRddhimAM zaiva, * adhyApaka, bho. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda rANIvAva--pATaNanI keTalIka yugala pratimAo] For Private and Personal Use Only [pa

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vaiSNava, zAkta jevA saMpradAyonAM aneka zipe najare paDe che. jemAM vizazunAM covIsa svarUpe, dezAvatAra, pAvatI temaja ziva, brahmA, viSNu, gaNeza vagerenI yugala pratimAonuM bArIkAIthI kareluM kotarakAma siddha hasta kalAkAranI siddhinuM sopAna jaNAya che. A vAvanI utara bIjanI dIvAlanA pUrva bhAganAM cethA paDathAramAM dakSiNAbhimukha brahmA-sAvitrI, umA-mahezvara ane lakSamAM-narayaNanAM AkarSaka yugale zihepo aM iche. Aje dIvAlanI pazcima taraphano bhAgamAM gaNeza-zakti ane kubera-kuberInAM nayanaramya zilpa joI zakAya che. A badhI pratimAo 11 mI sadI jeTalI prAcIna che. baui-sAvitrI : " hiMdu kimati-brahAM, viSNu ane mahezamAM badrInuM sthAna sarva prathama che. te sRSTinA nirmAtA to badhA devonA netA che. jo ke vaiSNava ane zaiva saMpradAyamI jema tene keI alaga saMpraya nathI banI zakyo ke viSNu ane zivanI jema adhika saMkhyAmAM tenI pratimAonI sthApanAM ne thaI zakI. to tenI pratiSThA temaja vyApakata saMtra jovA maLe che. vividha zi95jharthomAM brahmAnA svarUpane lagatI vigate prApta thAya che. jemAM sAvitrI sAthe brahmAnI mUrti svarUpane yugala pratimA tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. A prakAranI pratimAonuM mUiivadhAna viSNudharmotarapurANamAM vigatavAra ApavAmAM AvyuM che. jemAM brahmAne eka mukha, lAMbI dADhI, mastake jaTAmukuTa ane lalitAsanamAM beThelA hoya che. cAra hAtha pachI traNamAM mALA, pustaka ane kamaMDalu ane cotho hAtha sAvitrI 'Apato hoya che. brahmAnA DAbA usaMgamAM sAvitrI beThela heya che. sAvitrInA be hAtha ke eka hAthamAM kamaLa ane bIjo hAtha mAMne AliMgane Apato batAvAya che. rANAvAva-pATaNanI uttara dIvAlanA cothA paDathAranA prathama gavAkSamAM brahmA-sAvitrInA yugala svarU5nI saparikara pratimA AvelI che. pUrNavikasita parvanI Arsane" upara braho jamaNo paga laTakatA rAkhI beThela che. DAbA vaLelI paga pare sAvitrI devI jemaNe paga laTakAta rAkhIne beThela che. bahAne traNa mastaka batAvyAM che. dareka para mukuTe che. brekama e mukha para tela mUche che bAkInA mukhe dADhI vagaranA che. kAnamAM kuMDala gAma hari, pralaMbala, bAju para keyUra, kaTimekhalA, paravalaya ane pAdajAlaka dhAraNa karela che. brahmAnA caturbhujamAM anukrame pava, suka, pustaka ane sAvitrIne AliMgana Apane batAvyA che A usaMgamAM beThela sAvitrI devI hibrUra chemastake suvarNamati jammu kAnamAM suMdhavRtta kaMDala, kaMThamAM hasiDI, stanamaMtradhUraharaliya, kaTimekhalI ane pAUlaka dhAraNa kare che. devonA jamaNA hAthanuM Ayudha khaMDita che. DAbe hAthe braho Agina Apato batAvyo che. AmatanI AgaLa brahmAnA jamaNuM paga pAse vAhana haMsa deva tarapha mukha rAkhIne Ubhela che. tene bAjumAM namaskAramukAmAM AkRti beThela che. DAbI bAjunamaskAra mudrAmAM beThela strInA mastaka para sAvitrI devIe jaNaka paga rAkhela che. samagra pratimAnA parikaramAM baMne bAju dazAvatAranAM zipa kotarelAM che. A gavAkSanI jamaNI bAju darpaNa dhAraNa karIne asarAnuM zilpa ene DAbI bAju vastra paridhAna 54] [sAmIpya : ka, '8-mArca, 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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karI raheluM asarAnuM sUra zi95 che, brahmA-sAvitrInA A svarUpanuM eka ziSa nezanala myujhiyama navI dilhImAM Avela che. je 12 mI sadI jeTaluM prAcIna che. emAM bahmAne traNa sakha ane hAthamAM pA, aMka, pustaka ane devIne AliMgana ApatA batAvyA che. DAbA utsacamAM beThela devInA hAthamAM 'pada ane baMdAne AliMgana ApatA batAvyA che. . A svarUpanI bIjI pratimAo gujarAtamAM dhUmalInA zivamaMdiranA maMDovaramAM retiyA paththaramAM ane khaMbhrAtatA saSi maMdiramAM ArasamAM kaMDArela joI zakAya che. amadezvara zivanA pratibhA-vidhAnamAM zivanI yugala pratimA vizenAM vidvAna puNe, bipAzAstranA pramathI maLI Ave che. matsyapurANa, abhilalitArtha ciMtAmaNi, vitAmati prakaraNa, aparAhita pRhA, rUpamaMDana vageremAM zivane yugala svarUpanuM pratimA-vidhAna ApavAmAM AvyuM che. masyapurANa, devatAmati prakaraNa, rUpamaMDana vageremAM zivane Asana para beThelA, ane cAra hAtha heya che. caturbhamAM ane kamaLa, zala, sIjo hAtha umAnA khabhA para ane hAtha umAnA tune sparzata batAve. zivanA bhUstake jamuphaTa, traNa netra, kapALamAM caMdrakalA, zarIra para ame heya che. zivanA bA ubhaMgaNAM vinA mukhane nihALatAM umA beThelA hoya che. devInA dibhUja paikI eka hAtha zivanA khabhA para ane bIjA hAthamAM kamaLa ke darpaNa hoya che. braNa vAra A samUhamAM vRSabha, gaNeza, kumAra, RSinI pratimAo paNuM mUkavAmAM Ave che. rASTrIvAvanA cethA paDathAranA bIja gavAkSamAM umA-mahezvaranI pratimA AvelI che. mAnA goLa Asana para mahera lalitAsanamAM beThela che. devanA mastake TAmukuTa ane temAM ardhacaMdrakalAnuM AlekhUna dhyAnAkarSaka che. kAnamAM saMpakaMDala, kaMThamAM pAMdaDIyukta hAra, bAju para keyUra, hastavalaya, kaTimekhalA, pAvalaya ane pAdamlaka jevA alaMkAro dhAraNa karela che. mahezvaranA cAra hAthamAM jamaNI bAju patrakaLI ane trizala, jeno uparano bhAga khaMDita che. DAbA upalA hAthamAM nAga ane nIcalA hAthathI mAne AliMgana Apela che. mahezvaranA DAbA bhaMgamAM umA jamaNe paga paDyuM pAMdaDI para TekavIne beThela che. sAnuM mastaka khaMti che. mAM hAMsaDI ane pralaMbahAra, kaTisUtra, ane pAdajAlaka dhAraNa karela che. Ata AgaLa naliI beThelI AkRti che. tenA pULAmAM ghUgharamALa che. AsananI jamaNI bAju puruSa AkRti deva tarapha mukha rAkhI nayaskAramukAmAM beThela che. DAbI bAju strI AkRti UbhelI che. parimAM zAvatAranI AkRtio kaMDArelI che. A gavAkSanI DAbI bAju pagane AMTI mArI baMne hAthathI paNa mADatI asaranuM kalAtmaka zilpa najare paDe che. lakSamI-nArAyaNa - lakSamInA sAnnidhyamAM viSNune nArAyaNa tarIke batAvavAmAM Ave che. lakSmInArAyaNanAM rUpavidhAna viSNupurANa viSNurmottara rUpAna vagere kathAsAM ApeluM che. A badhA graMthamAM A yugala pratimA AyudhanA pherAra saha banAvavAnuM kahyuM che. lakSmI-nArAyaNa svarUpanA pratibhA-vidhAnamAM viSaNune garuDa para lalitAsatamAM beThelA ane bA usaMgamAM vRkSmIjIne birAjelAM batAvavA. viSNunA be hAtha kI eka hAtha lakSmIjIne aligana Apate. lakSmInA be hAthamAM eka hAtha vikhaNanA gaLA pharate ane bIjAmAM kamaLa leya che dhaNI vAra rANAvAva-pATaNanI keTalIka yugala pratimAo] [55 For Private and Personal Use Only

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A mUrtinI AjubAju suMdara paricArikAo hAthamAM cAmara laIne UbhelI hoya che. jamaNI bAju : arUka cUMti ane Ayudha puruSe zaMkha ane cakra UbhelA hoya che. AgaLanI bAju brA ane ziva e upAsaka aMjalimudAmAM pUjA karatA batAvAya che. - lakSmI-nArAyaNanI A prakAranI yugala pratimAo ghaNI saMkhyAmAM bhArata ane gujarAtamAMthI maLI Ave che. - trIjA gavAkSamAM lakSmI-nArAyaNanI suMdara yugala pratimA AvelI che. padmapITha para lalitAsanamAM beThela nArAyaNanA DAbA usaMgamAM lakSmIjI birAjelAM che nArAyaNanA mastake alaMkRta karaMDakaTa, kAnamAM kaMDala, kaMThamAM patrayuktahAra ane vividha alaMkAro dhAraNa karela che. cAra hAtha paikI nIcalA jamaNAmAM pahakaLI, upalA jamaNA hAthanuM Ayudha khaMDita che. DAbA upalA hAthamAM cakra ane DAbA nIcalA hAthathI lakSmIjIne AliMgana Apela che. - lakSmInA mastake kirITa mukuTa, kAnamAM kuMDala ane vividha alaMkaraNe dhAraNa karela che. lakSmIjInA be hAtha paikI jamaNA hAthe nArAyaNane AliMgana Apela che. ane DAbA hAthamAM zaMkha dhAraNa karela che. je nedhapAtra che. AsananI AgaLa mAnavarUpa garuDa baMne karamAM nArAyaNanA paga rahIne UDatA hevAne bhAva darzAvela che. parikaramAM zAvatAranI AkRtio najare paDe che. A gavAkSanI DAbI bAju strI AkRti UbhelI che tene DAbe hAtha mastaka upara katarI mudrAmAM che. ane jamaNA hAthamAM kapAla dhAraNa karela che. strInA paga pAchaLa svAna Ubhela che. zani-gaNerA gaNapatinI pratimAonA keTalAka prakAromAM zakti sAthenI tenI mUtio paNa maLe che. A prakAranI mationAM svarUpa vize keTalAka graMthomAM tenuM varNana jovA maLe che. "maMtramahodadhi"mAM gaNezanI zakti tarIke lakSmIne batAvyAM che. ahIM gaNapatine trinetra, cAra hAthamAM daMta, ca, abhayamudrA ane ceAtho hAtha lakSmIne pAchaLathI Tekavato haze, lakSmI devInA zi5mAM eka hAtha vaDe gaNezane bheTatA ane bIjA hAthamAM kamaLa hoya che.' uttarakAmikAgamamAM A yugala svarUpanuM vigate varNana maLe che. jemAM gaNapatine beThelA, catu bhujamAM pAza, aMkuza, zeraDIne TukaDe ke modaka ane ethe hAtha devInI kamarane pAchaLathI pakaDelo ke guhyAMgone sparzate batAvavAnuM vidhAna che. gaNapatinA khoLAmAM beThela devI alaMkArothI vibhUSita che. devInuM nAma vizvezvarI jaNAvyuM che. devIne jamaNe hAtha gaNapatine AliMgana ApatA ane DAbA hAthamAM kamaLa hoya che.' vAvanI uttara taraphanI dIvAlanA pazcima bhAgamAM cothA paDathAramAM Avela gavAkSamAM prathama vyaktigaNeza, mahAlakSmI ane kuberanI yugala pratimAo AvelI che. prathama gavAkSamAM zakti-gaNezanI saparikara pratimA AvelI che. jemAM goLa Asana para gaNapati jamaNe paga laTakato rAkhI beThela che. DAbA usaMgamAM devI DAbo paga laTakato rAkhI beThela che. gaNapatinA mastake savaNamakaTa che. suMThane bhAga khaMDita che kaMThamAM moTI pAMdaDIyukta hAra che. suvaNane kAra , apa che. vizALa paTa para sapabaMdha che. hAtha ane pagamAM moTA alaMkRta kahelAM dhAraNa karela che. cAra hAthamAM anukrame daMta, parazu, pada ane devIne kamarathI AliMgana ApatAM batAvyAM che. devIe mastake kirITa mukuTa ane zarIra para alaMkAro dhAraNa karela che. devIne jamaNe hAtha gaNapatine AliMgana Apate [sAmINa : ekaTa, 9-mArca, 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ane DAbA hAthamAM sanALa para dhAraNa kareluM spaSTa najare paDe che. AsananI AgaLa medakapAtra rAkheluM che. jemAMthI lADu ArogatA mUSakanuM zilpa dhyAnAkarSaka che. parikaramAM dazAvatAranAM zilpa joI zakAya che. A gavAkSanI jamaNI bAju pagane AMTI mArIne Ubhela strInA DAbA paga para aLato lagAvatI strI paricArikA beThelI che. asarAno eka hAtha abhayamudrAmAM che. DAbI bAjunA gavAkSamAM baMne hAthamAM zRMgAra-saka dhAraNa karIne apsarA UbhelI che. paga pAsenA vanarane saMdUka tarapha kUto batAvyA che. eranI yugala pratimA - ' zAstromAM aSTa kipAlamAM kuberane uttara dizAnA dikapAla gaNavAmAM Ave che. te devone dhanAdhyakSa che. kuberanA zAstrIya matividhAna pusa uparAMta aparAjitapRchA devatAmUti prakaraNa 4 ane rUpabhana 5 mAMthI maLe che. jemAM kuberanA hAthamAM anukrame gadA, nidhikuMbha, bIjapUraka ane kamaMDaluM 'hAyAna jaNAvyuM che, ane vAhana tarIke gaja: batAra che. vikhaNudharmottaraparANa mAM: eranA cAra tha paikI be hAthamAM gadA ane zakti tathA bIjA be hAtha tenI strIe vibhavA ane vRddhine Aligana ApatA batAvavAnuM vidhAna che. ? ahIM trIja gavAkSamAM sthita pratimAmAM kubera tenI patnI sAthe UMcA Asana para birAjamAna che. kuberanA mastake kirITyukaTa, kaMThamAM suvarNahAra, metInA serane udarabaMdha, hAtha ane pagamAM khetInI alaMkAra dhAraNa karela che. cAra hAtha paikI jamaNe nIcale khaMDita ane DAbA nIcalA hAthathI patnIne pela che. upalA be hAthathI dravyanI thelI dhAraNa karela che. kuberanA DAbA usaMgamAM beThela "ii palAMThI vALIne bela che. tenuM mastaka khaMDita che. jemaNe hAtha kuberane AliMgana Apato ane DAbA hAthanuM Ayudha khaMDita che. AsananI AgaLuM vAhana gaja beThela batAvyuM che. A pratimAnI khAsa tarI AvatI vizeSatA e parikAmAM kuberanI beThelI ane cAra hAthamAM anukrame abhaya. upalA be hAthathI 'davya thelI pakaDela ane cethA hAthamAM bIjepUraka dhAraNa karela A pratimAo daSTigocara thAya che. * Ama uparyukta yugala pratimAo atyAra sudhI gujarAtamAMthI prApta A prakAranI yugala pratimA. emAM keTalIka vizeSatAone laIne judI tarI Ave che. sAthe kalA zailInI dRSTie paNa 11 mI sadInI anya pratimAo karatAM vizeSa dhyAnAkarSaka che. pAdaTIpa 1. viSaNudharmotara' (vi.), khaMDa 3, 4. kaTa .. 2.M. I. Khan, Brahma, in the Purapas, Pt. xxxii, p.142. . . "masyapurANa,': a: 260/11-20 * : 4. "abhilalitArthaciMtAmaNi," ka. 3/31-3ra 5. devatAmati prakaraNuM" (ma.pra) a. 6/31-32. 6. aparAjitapuchA,' (a 5) satra 21325-27 7"rUpamaMDana' a. 4/27-29 8. viSNupurANa, 3/4ra7 8. vi. dha., a. 85 34-35 10 rUpamaMDana, a. 434-35 11 "priyabALA zAha, hiMdu mUrtividhAna, pR. 11 12 ejana, pR. 12 13. a. pR., a. 69 14. de. mU. pra. a. 465 . 15. rUpamaMDana, a. 2/37 16. vi.dha., a. 57/16 . rANIvAva-pATaNanI keTalIka yugala pratimAo]. pa9) For Private and Personal Use Only

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'miaMte sikaMdarI'mAM thatuM salatanatakALanuM samAja darzana jhubera zA sAmAnya rIte madhyakAlIna pratikAkA, bAMdAnA rAjyAbhiSeka, emanA rAjya vistAra, emanAM yuddho, emanAM parAjyA ane emanAM parA vagerenA ullekha kare che. janatAnI zI dazA hatI tene vistAra ullekha na hovA sabara ma che. mitra te siya karI emAMthI ApavAA nathI. tema chatAM paNa rIte mAM e samayanA samAjasu Ina thAya che. A lekhamAM e mAsa karavAmAM AvyA che. pakSIo mATe prema : sulatAna kuMturmuddInanA maraNa pachI enA kADhA sulatAna aaN bina mehaMmada gAdIe AvyA. eNe sauthI pahelA Adeza bahAra pADIne kabUtaronA ALuA ane dIvAbattImAM vaparAtA telamAM thatAM khaLa upara kApa mUkavA. enA uparathI ema phalita thAya che ke e jamAnAmAM nahera rastAne prakAzita karavA vaparAtA telanA khaca rAjyanI tijorI para hatA ane sTrITa lAITa jevI koI vyavasthA hatA kharI, tarAne sarakAra taraphathI ghaNA pUrA pADavAmAM AvatA haze. cabUtarA banAvyA haiAvA joIe. lAkAte paNa kabUta pALavAno zAkha hatA. kabUtaro ane pakSIone dANA khavaDAvavAnI bhAratanI jUnI prathA hevI joi e. Aje pazu kliImAM samerI geTa pAsenA eka TrAki AyalenDamAM leAkA ane rIkSAvALAe, bajAramAMthI dANAe kharIdIne vikhere che. sulatAna mahamUda khIjAne katala karavAmAM Avye. tyAra bAda umarAvAe gAdInA vArasadAranI tapAsa zarU karI, ke koI rANI garbhavatI che, khabara paDI ke e pramANe nathI. sulatAnanA najIkanAM sagA sabadhIonI tapAsa karI te| khabara paDI ke amadAvAmAM koI ahamadakhAna che. rajhIyula mulka ane teDavA gayA tyAre A ahamadakhAna potAnA dharanI pAsenI gAMdhInI dukAnamAMthI kabUtarA mATe bAjarA bharIne peAtAnA khamIsanA gALAmAM laIne jato hato. Ama amadAvAdanA sthApaka, mulatAna ahamadane pautra latIkhAnaneA putra ahamadazAha gAdIe AvyA. tene kaMmbUtarA pAvAmAM zAkha hatA ane lekA kAcaLIne khale kheALAnA upayeAga chUTathI karatA hatA.te sAmAnya mANasane ilkAba ApavAnI prathA : gujaratanA sulatAnA nimna kakSAnA lAkAte potAnA amIra ane dUrabhArI banAvIne emane mATA lakakha ApatA hatA. mulatAna dardU bina mohamade pAtAnA pADethI "ip" eTale ke pAtharaNAnI sevA jete mAthe hatI evA mAsane imAdula mulkanA khitAba Apele, ane vyaktine jIrAnula mutA khitAba ApelA. 3 bIjI e ja kakSAnI * akSa, saMrasI/u vibhAga, bhASA bhavana, gujarAta yunivarsi`TI, amalavA v sAmIpsa : oNkaTo., 9ra--mA', 1997 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sulatAna mahamUda bIjAe cirajI nAmanA eka ciDImAranI sevA jAsUsI mATe lIdhI hatI ane ene mahAphijhakhAnano khitAba arpaNa karela. sutAne dhaMdhukAnA amIra AlamakhAnanI madadanI jarUra hatI. kema ke te ene vaphAdAra hato. koIne khabara na paDe e hAthI susaMtane uparokta miDImAne jatAmaDha zaharAe paddha lAvavA mokalyA. jAheramAM ema kahevAyuM. junAgo sAdhakA thaIne pasAra thato hato. Ama gupta rIte potAnA vAdAra sAthInI madada levAvavAmAM salatAna sAhaLa . e artha ema thAya ke bAjha, zakarA, kabUtara vagere pakSIone sulatAne, uparA ane sAmAnya prajAne zekha hai joIe. je divase sulatAne cirajIne muhAphijhakhAnano khitAba Ape tyAre darabAramAM vajhIre pUchyuM ke "aDAbriAna kaI jJAtine che ke jANe che ? vinodI ane mane kahyuM "hA, te pasmAra che ane naDiyAdanA sAskAra che." paramAra rAjaputAmAM eka sahaka paNa heya che ane thiImAra hevAne kAraNe e jANI joIne paramAra hyo. temaja "Da" eka evI lAMbI lAkaDIne kahevAya che jenA vaDe pakSIone pakaDavAmAM Ave che, ane "taDiyA" pakSIone pakaDanArane kahe che. sulatAna mahamUda bIjAnA darabAramAM eka khvAja sarA hatA ene khAnajahAMne khitAba ApavvAmAM Avyo hato. eka divase sulatAne ene pUchyuM. "tame kaI jJAtinA cho ?eNe kahyuM, "mane khabara sthI, nAnI vayamAM ja huM khyAna sA banyA ho. anAtha hA " maleka amIne kahyuM, "sulatAna, :vAjasarA "vAghela" jJAtinA che. Dhela rajapUtAmAM eka jJAti che ane "vADhela" eTale jamuM liMga kApI nAkhavAmAM AvyuM hoya te paNa thAya. sutAna mugAra eka rAtre lakhate hato. jatI kula mulakAMdhA ke visara laIne pAchaLa Ubho hato. nazAmAM hovAne lIdhe enA hAthamAMthI talavAra.DI. kalamaname nI ja thaI. lekee ene dhakkA mArIne bahAra kADhI mUkyo. thoDIvAra pachI sulatAne ene madha karatAM kahyuM, kayAM che pele che." sulatAna mahaMmadanA samayamAM mAlavAnA sulatAna madhya gujarAta upara lepeDumAM ka. eno eka khAsa dosta gAMdhI te eNe sulatAnane kSAra .AmI ke AtahAra janAne jahAjomAM bhUrIne zeDo samaya sArAM mAchalIonA zikAra ke nA rahe, dumana calA khAlI pradezamAM katarAnI jema karIne e uche. - a AvA prasaMge vistha zakti thAya che ke gujarAtanA sulatAne tuccha kakSAnA lekanI sabata mANutA hatA, emane khitAbo ApatA hatA ane emanI salAha letA hatA. bIjo eka phalitArtha evo paNa sAtha ke gujarAtamAM sajyabhASya bhale rasa hatI, paNa musalamAna, sulatAne, amIre vagere gujarAtI jANatA hatA, te samaye lAddhamAM pracalita hatI ja, tethI je teo gujarAtImAM paNa vinoda karI zakatA hatA. lagabhaga cAra varSa pahelAM amadAvAmAM lakhAyela mikSa sikaMdarImAM phArasI lipimAM aneka sthAnika zabda vaparAyA che. kadAca tenuM kAraNa e paNa hoI zake sulatAnanA pUrvajo pahelAM hinduo hatA, pAchaLathI emaNe islAma dharma apanAvyA hatA, temanI mULa varita kirIbAM thatuM satAtALanuM rAja nI pika For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhASAnI asara ane AsapAsanA vAtAvaraNunI asara temanI upara hatI. temane saparka samAjanA vidvAno temaja ra ka lAko joDe paNa dhaniSTha hatA, temanI rANI mATe bhAge rAjapUta ke ucca DhAkAra kuTuMbanI hatI - trIjo phalitAtha e thAya ke gujarAtanA mulatAnA pAse vahANA hatA. dariyA kAMThAne lIdhe Asa pAsanA mulatAne enAthI vAcita hatA. 'sulatAne' mAchalAnA zikAra karIne dariyAmAM manera jana meLavatA hovA joIe. gujarAtanA sulatAneAe naukAdaLa paNa taiyAra kareluM. temaja bahAdurazAha vagere dheAdhAthI dIva ke khabhAta javA mATe hameza jaLa mAganA upayAga karatA hatA. aiyAzI, bahupatnItva sulatAna mahamUda khInnanA samayamAM darayAkhAna nAmanA eka umarAva khUba lapaTa hatA. enI pAse asaMkhya kanyA hatI. emane te "dukhtarakhAnAmAM rAkhate hatA. koI eka khAsa bAtamI meLavavA eNe sulatAna pAse peAtAnI AvI kanyAomAMthI ekane eka rAtre mAkalI ane eka khvAjA sarAne phADayo. sulatAne enI joDe sabhAga karyA ane savAre pathArImAMthI UThayA pachI UbhAM UbhAM pala'ga pAse pezAba karyAM. ene atha evA thayA ke kuTaNI dharA calAvatA hatA ane e paNa kahevAtI IslAmI hukumatamAM mulatAna bahAdure mAMDu ane mAlavA jItyA bAda ene eka vicitra vicAra AvyeA. eNe hukama karyAM ke "amArA lazkaramAM ane mAMDu zaheramAM jeTalI DomanI, pAtrI, kanyA ane nAyikAe hAya badhAne amArI samakSa hAjara karA. lagabhaga eka hAra AvI zrI zaNugAra sAthe AvI. sulatAne eka ekane lAvIne InAma ApI rajA ApI. eka najIkanA amIre pUchyuM' sulatAnane kAI gamI ?'' eNe kahyuM: "amArA haramamAM nAjhuka lahara jevI dAsI che enI sAme A strIe kaMI ja nathI." nAjhuka lahara pahelAM sulatAna sikadaranA haramamAM hatI. dIvanA gavana ra maleka AyAjhanA putra IsahAkanI patnI ane dAsIonI saMkhyA eka sA hatI. saune e zArIrika saMbadho bAMdhIne tRpta rAkhI zakatA hatA. enA maraNa pachI meATA bhAganI enI vidhavAoe potAnA peTa cIrI nAkhyAM ane ApadhAta karyAM. mAMDUnA sulatAna mahamUdanA haramamAM be hunnara su darIo hatI. eNe mahalamAM cAre bAju AraDIe banAvI hatI. peAte vacce ja AMgaNamAM AvIne UbhA rahetA, tyAre mA sau eka sAthe zaNagArIne enA kline bahelAvavA prayatna karatI hatI. A badhI suMdarIoeNe gujarAtamAM sulatAna mujhaphpharane arpaNu karavA ophara karI hatI kAraNu ke enI sahAyathI enI gAdI khacI hatI. paNa pavitra sulatAna mujhaphphara zarIatanI viruddha kazu karyuM nahIM .1deg rAjapUta rAjAomAM paNa A pramANe ja hatuM. enA atha e thayA ke sattA ane dhana jyAre kAI paNu. kAmanA mANusa pAse Ave che, te eyAzImAM koI dhArmika sAmAjika ke anya nIti niyamAne anusaratA nathI; eneA eka ja siMddhAMta hoya che. amaryApti. abAdhita, aniyatrita ane vaividhyapU yauna saMbadha mANuvA. nazIlA padArtho : sulatAna mujhaphphara eka pavitra mANasa hatA. kurAnanA hAphrijha, maAlemuta tanajhIla jevI taphsIra ane hadIsa zarInA abhyAsI hatA. eNe jIvana daramiyAna eka vAtanI kALajI rAkhI hatI ke enI 6 0 ] [sAmIpsa : ATo., '92-mA', 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jIbha upara nazIlA padArthAMnuM nAma paNa na Ave. ane na chUTake aphINu vagere kAI nazIlI vastunu nAma levuM paDe teA "gALI" kahetA. tyArathI ja gujarAtanA loko leTanI jema bAMdhavAmAM Avela nazAnI vastune "gALI" kahetA thaI gayA. eneA atha e che ke kahevAtI IslAmI hakUmatamAM nAkha`dhI na hatI. darabAra sAthe saMkaLAyela umarAva ane nAnI pAyarInA lAkA aphINu vagerenu sevana karatA hatA. dhIradhAranA dhaMdhA : sulatAna mahamUda begaDAe hukama bahAra pADayo hato.11 ke mArA rAjyamAM kAI lazkarI ke sipAhIe vyAje paisA levA nahIM. enA mATe alaga khajAnacI nImyA hatA A leAkeAmAMthI jemane jarUra paDatI tee tyAMthI vagara vyAje uchInA paisA letA hatA. sulatAna ema mAnatA hatA ke lazkarIe vyAjanA mAla eTale harAmanA mAla khAtA thaI jaze te jehAda nahIM karI zake. enA atha evA thayA ke enI. IslAmI hukumatamAM vyAja upara rUpiyA pheravatA mahAjanA upara pratibadha na hatA paNu mAtra lazkarIonA vyAja upara levA upara pratibadha hatA, ane mahAjanA upara IslAmI zarIata lAhvAmAM AvI na hatI. sulatAna sikaMdara gAdIe beThA tyAre zaheranA mahAjano sAthe maLIne ene mubArakabAda ApavA gayA hatA.12 pAna sepArI ane athANAM : - - hindustAnamAM pAna seApArInA rivAja eTalA prAcIna che jeTalI bhAratIya saMskRti. aDhIthI traNa hAra varSa pUrve lakhAela kathA sAgara"nI aneka vArtAmAM pAna khAvAneA ullekha che. lokomAM pAna3 sApArI4 ane athANuAM15 khAvAnA ravAja hatA. bahAdura gIlAnI nAmanA eka amIre sulatAna mahamUdda bahumanInA samayamAM baMDa pokAyu`. mahamUda ahamanI nAnA hatA. eNe vahANA taiyAra karAvI riyAmAM lUTaphATa zarU karI. gujarAtanA badarA upara vahANA AvatA adha thaI gayA tethI leAkeA pAna sAthe seApArIne khale kizamIjha khAvA lAgyA hatA. enA atha evA na thAya ke e samaye gujarAtamAM seApArInI AyAta karavAmAM AvatI hatI. maleka ayAjha vinA gavanara hatA. te minabAnI vakhate pAtAnA starajhvAna upara IrAnI, hindustAnI ane rUkhI vAnagIo pirasta hateA.16 tyAra bAda attara ane pAna ApavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. 'mia`te sika'darI'nA lekhaka noMdhe che ke gujarAtamAM mijabAnInI A ja prathA che. keTalIka vakhate dareka prakAranA athANuAM jamaNavAranA eka bhAga banatAM hatAM. rajhiyala mulake, mite sikandarInA lekhaka sikaMdaranA pitAne aneka prakAranA athANA khavaDAvyA hatA, jo ke emane khATA acANuAM pasaMda na hatA.17 cInanAM vAsaNA : sulatAna mujhaphphara eka bhalA sulatAna hatA. eNe peAtAnA umarAvA mATe "cInI"nA saMba ane vAsaNAmAM aneka prakAranI vAnagIe mAkalI hatI. *mia`te sika darI'mAM thatu` salatanatakALanuM samAja darzIna] For Private and Personal Use Only 61]

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ene sAtha evo thayo ke Aje jema yAnIjha ane kAnTIneTala phUDa pracalita che tema e samaye hindustAnI vAnagIonI sAthe loko paradezI vAnagIo paNa mANutA hatA. khAsa karIne IrAnI, ane eziyA mAIneAranI (rUma). sulatAnAnA samayamAM ja dhaNAkharA rUmI gujarAta AvatA rahyI hatA emAM bahAdurazAhanA teA pachI rUmIkhAna sauthI vadhAre jANItA che. sulatAnAnA samayamAM yamananA amalamAMthI esI sate AvyA, Aphrikane coTale sIdhI AvyA. ane A leka pAtapAtAnI sAthe potAnI vAnagIe paNa letA AvyA je ahI pracalita anI ho. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir garIba loko kadAca mATInAM vAsaNAmAM jamatA haraze paNa tavaMgarA cInInAM vAsaNAnA upAya, ratA hatA. cInI vANlRA banAvavAnI kaLA kArIgarInA te samaye vikAsa thayA haiAvA joIe. kSiprAsa bhAAhanA sismAI jata mane majjAne libAsa paheratA hatA. halAlakhAra acakrana paheratA hatA. sipAI e zamazIra, khajara ane tArA haMmeza sAthe rAkhatA hatA. 19 } humAyue khaMbhAtamAM pahelI vakhata dariyA joyA. humAyue khaMbhAtamAM katle AmanA Adeza bahAra pADela. maMju nAmanA gavaiyAe khuzahAla bega phUrajInA kahevAthI pahelAM hindI ane pachI phArasImAM gAIne khAzAhanA krodha zAMta pADayo hato. tyAra bAda khAdazAhe sAthe limAsa utArIne lIle libAsa paheryAM. ene atha evA thayA ke katle AmanA Adeza ApatI vakhate tenA pratIka rUpe khAzAha khUnanA rgA joDe nisbata dharAvatA lAla raMganA zikhAsa dhAraNa karatA hatA ane ezarIra upara rahe tyAM suthI te Ama cAlu rahetI hatI. lImrATa vimAsa e Adezane REAL karavAnA pratIka hatA. humAyu paNu gujarI hindI gute haro ane sa Mju te krUrasI baNutA ja hatA. arthAt hindu ane musalamAnA ekabIjAnI bhASAne jANatA hatA. vidhavAnA lijhA : mAMDu sulatAna gyAsuddIna khUba ja meza ArAmamAM jIjJe hatA. cikakara lakhe che ke mAre paNa koI eza kAI eza AsamamAM ve che te tene leka AyudIna khIne vahe che. eNe hrAma karyo huma karyA hatA ke koIe enI samakSa dukhanA samAcAra laIne AvavuM nahIM. enI dIkarI vidhavA thaI. have sulatAnane khabara kaI rIte ApavI ? chevaTe umarAvae eka yukti zodhI kAtI. enI vidhavA zAhajhAdIne sapheda vastro paherAvIne enI sAmethI prasAra karAvI e joIne ene khyAla Avyo ke enA jamAI gujarI gayA che. evA a` evA thayA ke musalamAnA pazu hiMduonI jema vidhavAne sapheda thaI gayA hatA. For Private and Personal Use Only vao paherAvatA sulatAna gyAmuddInanA ja samayamAM sulatAna khehalAla lAdIe caDherI jItI lIdhuM. enA samAcAra gyAsuddInane rAkhavAnI hiMmata koInAmA hatI nahIM. umarAvAe eka tarakIba vicArI emaNe bhAMDa lokone aphadhAnAnA libAsa paherAvyA, bhAMDee lutphA ane katalanI nATaka bhajavI gabhaga InAnuM, ethensanA lokee sapATAMnI sUcanI sAme potAnA dezavAsIone jAgRta karavA nATaka karI hatI tema ja. tyAre gyAsuddInane khabara paDI ke ca MderI enA hAthamAMthI jatu rahyuM che. 6] sAmIpsa : ATo, 'hara-mArca, 1993

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ene artha e tharyo ke bhAMDa loke e samaye darabAra sAthe saMkaLAyeMta hatA. emane paNa eka samAja hA~ ja adhAnaine libAsa bIja musalamAno karatAM jude pati ha. sulatAna mahamUda bIjAnA samayathI akAre za9 3 mAM baLI gujarAtanA umawo mAMhe A laDayA, khUna kAta lai bA rime sidare e vicitra vAta eka karIne kevI che ke gujaratIonI mA Ane beye enI che. sare amalamAnI ane jaImelanamAM hatA hatA. parAjaya pachI, parAjita lazakara zaherathI dasa bAra kesa dUra 5DAva nAkhato, ane pachI parAjita ame viyI zako eka sAthe zaheramAM pravezatA hatA. loko vacce paDIne emanI aMdara suleha zAMti karAvI detA. thoDA samaya pachI pharI pAchA thatA hatA. paraspara adAvata hevAM chatAM zaheramAM kaMI koIne sparzatuM na hatuM. larkine herAnagatI na hati je. zALa pAya mahibula mulaka nAsane eka khvAjA sura hato. sulatAna bahAdure ene khAne jahAne khitAba A hato. ne amadAvAdanI keTavAlI saMbhALato hato. polisa tarIke enI jara, serone pakaDI pAvAmAM atItiya gaNatI hatI. eka vakhate bhujamAMthI te pasAra thatA hatAeka mANasane beThela je. tarata ja eNe pitAnA jalAda javane hukama karyo ke pelA mANasane pakaDI le. lokone Azcarya thayuM ke eka nirdoSane kema pakaDe che, enI jhaDatI levAmAM AvI, enI pAghaDIsAthI cheDAenI sAkaLanA tALAo kholavA mATenI rUva athavA 40 cAvIo enI pAsethI maLI AvI. vadhu tapAsa karAM khabara paDI ke e mANasa DAra ToLakIne saradAra hato. ene atha enA thI ke bAra skUla ane kAra corAya che, jemAM te samaye ghoDAe rAtA tA. thoDA cerI TALakI hatI. vaDAone sAMkaLa ame tALAthI bAMdhavAmAM AvatA hatyAM. tALAo banAvavAnI strI ahI vikasI javI joIe, tAjAomAM paNa vaividhya haze, ekanI cAvI jIthI ' Alaba, tethI ja to ene cAvIonA gumakhAmI , 40 prakAranI cAvI rAkhI paDI hatI. arijadanA IzAne : - A ja mane jahAnane eka vakhata thayu ke chellI cAra peDhIthI mahinA ImAmenA pagAra, sulatAnee bAMdhI ApyA che. ImAmonI saMkhyAmAM rola paMDyA che. TAlanuM nAma jamI, za' loko maratA ja nahI hoya, enA e ja nA kevI rIte cAle ? eNe tapAsa hAtha dharI. gujarI gaela ImAmenI yAdI alaga taiyAra karI, temanA pagA2 baMs eii. maranAra IyamamA jazA enA kamanI khabara sarakAramAM karatA na hatA, ane khajAnAmAMthI pagAra meLavatA hatA, tamAmaM bahAra Ama' ke eke ImAme, rAjastamAMthI bahAra sthaLAMtara karyuM. ne hatuM. sikaMdara noMdhe che ke enuM mukhya kAraNa e hatuM ke e vakhate gujarAta atyaMta samRddha hatuM. joke ahIM kheMcAIne AvatA hatA, AvyA pachI bAna' nAma nahotA letA. mULa gujarAtIe te ja jaya ja zA mATe ? paNa halatAna bAje, kAnajahAnanI A peravI nA pasaMda karI eNe rAjI . gayela imAmanA vArasadArone paNa pagAra : cAlu rAkhe. smite sikaMdarImAM thatuM salatanatakALanuM samAja darzana] For Private and Personal Use Only

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AnA upasthI ema phalita thAya che ke amadAvAdanA sthApaka sulatAna ahamadazAhe masjidenA ImAmane sarakArI tijorImAMthI pagAra ApavAnI prathA zarU karI hovI joIe kema ke sikaMdare cAra peDhIne ullekha karyo che. gujarAtanI samRddhi paMkAyela hatI. manuSya, manuSya che e samayanA sarakArI karo 5Na AjanA sarakArI karmacArIonI jema kaMI cIvaTathI kAma karatA na hatA. e jema cAle che tema cAlavA de, rAjyanI tijorI upara bojo Ave emAM ApaNane zu ? " jema Aje batiyA rAzana kArDa hoya che tema e jamAnAmAM bhUtiyA ImAme hatA. sarakAra taraphathI koI suvidhAne durupayoga karavAnI prajAnI vRtti ane prakRti dareka kALamAM, dareka kAmamAM ane ane dareka dezamAM sarakhI ja hoya che - sulatAna mahamada bIjAne amIra darayAkhAne Ama te khUba laMpaTa ane aiyAza hatA, paNa sAthe. sAthe khUba sakhA ane dhanavIra hato eNe potAnA samayanA eka eka daraveza ane phakIrane vachakAe ane jamIna ApI hatI. bAla baccAM dAra sipAhIone emanI jAgIra uparAMta, vajIphAo (Arthika sahAya, sTAIpenDa) bAMdhI ApyA hatA. eTale sudhI ke kArano ane dIvAnanA hAthe mAmale vilaMbamAM na paDe e mATe eNe nAma ane jamInathI jagyA khAlI rAkhIne, sulatAnanI mahAravALA tatAveja taiyAra rAkhyA hatA. ene khabara paDe ke kaI mANasa khUNAmAM khudAnI yAdamAM mazagUla che to tarata ja e khAlI jagyA pUrIne pharamAna bahAra pADate hato.23 " ' ' ' ene artha ema thAya ke pAchaLathI lokoe karIne eka dhaMdhA tarIke vikasAvyA. dharmanA oThA heThaLa ALasu ane samAja upare bojA samAna eka varga Ubho thayo. jahAMgIranA samayanA pATaNanA eka vidrAne maulAnA mohamada siddIke AvA vaganI' khUba TIkA karI che. enA mULiyAM gujarAtanA salatAnanA AvA prakAranA valaNamAM rahelA hatA. bIju, e ke sarakArI kAmomAM vilaMba thato hato. Red Tapesha tyAre paNa hatuM tethI ja to sulatAnanA sahI sikkAvALA dastAveja, mAtra nAma ane jagyA khAlI rAkhIne taiyAra rAkhavAmAM AvatA hatA. myurokrasImAM vilaMba anivArya che. madhya yuga hoya ke Adhunika. ', ApaNe AgaLa vAMcyuM tema mahamUda begaDAe pitAnA lazakaranA lokone vyAje paisA levAnI manA pharamAvI hatI, temaja majakura darayAkhAne bALabaccAMvALA sipAhIone adhika bhaththAo bAMdhI ApyA hatA. eno artha evo na thAya ke, A vamane te samayanI mAMdhavArInA pramANamAM, pagAra ocho maLato hovo joIe? Ama nAnI nAnI ghaTanAo ane prasaMge je mite sikaMdarImAM nedhAyAM che. temAMthI amaka arthadhaTana karIne te samayanA samAjanA darzana karAvavAne A lekhane hetu che. hA, A lekhane vistArI zakAya, paNa jagyAnA abhAve ahIM viramuM chuM ? ; , 1. satISacaMdra mizrA (saMpA.); " mite sikaMdarI,' ema. esa. yuni. prakAzana, 1961, pR. , 2. ejana, pR. 387 . 3. pR. 92 4. pR. 339 : 5. pR. 348. 2 6. pR. 215 - 7, pR. 66 - 8, pR. 247 9 pR. 165 : 10, 5. 210 .. -- 11, pR. 104 12. pR. 245 13. pR 144 14, pR. 163 - 15. pR. 438 - 16 pR 162; , " 17. pR. 164 18. pu. 164 - 19: pR. 164 20. pR. 420 - 21 pR. 217 22 pR.218 23. pR.332, sAmIya : o , '92-mArca-1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gujarAtamAM sUryapUjAnI prAcInatA ane prasAra hiMnA paMcelA ! gujarAtamAM sUryapUjAne praveza eka prAcInakAmI hatI ane tene prasAra aneka parikSAne laIta dezanA anya bhAgonI sarakhAmaNIe ahIM vizeSa thaye hevAnuM jovAmAM Ave che. alabatta, gujarAtamAM sUryapUjAnI prAcInatA ane agAu vAyA dhaNu asmiAye apAyela che. paraMtu te para koI spaSTa tAraNa rajU thayela nathI. sAthe sAthe gujarAtamAM sUryapUjAnI prAcInatAnema vi, sIdhe sIdho. cararyo nathI. paraMtu gujarAtanA dharma saMpradAyanI carcA karatAM suryApunAM niva, A vakhate prAsaMgiphapaNe sUrya pUjAnI prAcInatA ane pitAnAM maMtavya rajU karelAM che. tenuM ahI bhasiSTha, svarUpe Alekhana karavuM Iddha thaze. supUjanI prAcInatA viSayaka vidvAnanAM maMtavya : I.sa. 1928mAM zrI ka. ke zAstrI pragaTa karela "gujarAtanAM tIrthasthAno' nAmanA pustakamAM sarva prathamavAra A aMge potAnuM maMtavya rajU karyuM. emane mate A vedakAlamAM indra, agni tathA sUryane pUjatA hatA, paraMtu kAlakrame AnI dhamaruci palaTAtAM sUryane bIjA aneka devonI jema viNagamAM. aMtarbhAva thI ama ziva ane vizvanI pUja bApaka thatAM sUryanI pUjA bhalAga mAtra prAna paraMparAne daDhatAthI vaLagI rahenAra bahANoe triddhasayA dvArA sUryanI upAsanA jALavI rAkhI, paraMtu I.sa. 4 thI 5 mAM satakamAM dezamAM kUNu vagere vanatie dAkhala thaI: nA dhaba taka rItalata hindu samAjanA vahetA. jIvanapravAhamAM bhaLI gayA. tyAda; keTalAya samaya sudhI pazcima hiMdustAnamAM. ghaNA jomAM te pracalita thaI hatI. jenA avazeSo Aje paNa mahilavAya ane gujarAtamAM zALa kasnAranI najare paDe che. A jA .matakyate. temaNe 19 mAM deharADyuM che... . 1 - e ja varSe amata sa. 1909 nA. "rAmbA zi5ramAtmA ' lebamAM zrI rAchA jIe durgAzaMkara zAtinA matanuM samarthana karAM kahyuM che ke pAmi, sInA aMtamAM daza lonAM ToLAM cInanA maMgoliyA praznamAMthI IzinI thAiM UtarI emAM hatA dU pAse potAnI koI sarakRti na hovAthI tenA zarUAtanA kalamAM dharijhama ane saMratithI prabhAvita thayelA hoI te apADyAM. AthI dUdhanI sAthe IrAnI asaravALI atitathA sAyanI pUja hilsAM AvI. A sAthe vadhu spaSTatA karatAM zrI jJAnIe kahyuM che ke prAcInakAlamAM hiMdamAMthI vikAsa ga hovA chatAM madhyakAlamAM eka deyAMthI tyAMnI asara sAthe tyAMnAM vastrAbhUSaNa sAthe pATha hilA anya bhAgomAM, ane vizeSataH gujarAtamAM pAchI AvI hoya tema jaNAya che. gujarAtamAM sUryapUjana prasAde mI, sadImAM arthAta valabhInA maitraka rAjyakALathI AraMbhAI 12 mI sadInA aMta sudhI vistaryo hato, ema prApta samariza tathA sarva pratimAonA avazeSo parathI jaNAya che. khaMDa samakta vyAkhyAtA, bhAratIya saMskRti vibhAsa, ra. 5. ArTasa koleja khaMbhAta, gujarAtamAM sUryapUjAnI prAcInatA ane prasAra For Private and Personal Use Only

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zrI hasamukha sAMkaLiyAe, 1941 mAM "purAtattvanI daSTie gujarAtanA prAcIna dharmonI vigata raja karI te vakhate A mudAmAM madhamapaNe jaNAvyuM ke hiMdustAnanI prAcIna sUryapUjamAM bIjI saMskRti bhaLavAthI thoDA pheraphAravALI suryapUja guptakAlamAM sthira thaI, jenuM, anukaraNa madhyayuganI sUrya pratimA emAM thayeluM che. A uparAMta prApta purAvAone AdhAre suryapUjAnuM jora gujarAta ane kAThiyAvADanA pazcima ane dakSiNa pradezomAM vadhuM hatuM.' zrI hariprasAda ga. zAstrInuM "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta' I.sa. 1955 mAM pragaTa thayuM. jemAM maitraNAlamAM Aditya bhaktone saMpradAya pracalita hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che, paraMtu enu pUrva anusaMdhAna ApyuM nathI, jyAre gujarAtamAM saryopAsanA" nAme lekhamAM teo A viSaya para prakAza pADe che. jemAM jaNAvyuM che ke vedamAM sUryanA vividha pAsAMnI upAsanA vividha nAme thatI hatI. jayAre purANa-. kALamAM sUryanuM viSNu svarUpa prAdhAnya pAmyuM hovAnuM jaMNAvyuM che. AthI sUrya ane nArAyaNa eka . gaNAyA. sUryadevanuM sthAna Adi ane grahomAM sImita rahyuM, chatAM upanayana saMskAramAM savitAne mahimA rahyo. sUryanI pratimA pUjaI, devAlaya baMdhAyAM. zaiva, zAkato ane vaiSNavonI jema sauneya saMpradAya thayo. tyArabAda paMcAyatanA pUjamAM ziva, vikhazu, zakti ane gaNezanI sAthe sUryane paNa samAveza thaye, paraMtu paurANika svarUpanA suryadevanI upAsanA gujarAtamAM kSatrapAlamAM arthAta Isa.nA - prathama cAra zata daramyAna zarU thaI hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. ane guptakAla daramyAna 5mI sadInA pUrvAdhathI abhilekhika purAvA maMdasoranA lekhathI prApta thAya che. tyArabAda maitraka, anumaitraka ane solaMkIkAlamAM baMdhAyelA suryamaMdiranI vigata ApelI che. . zrI harilAla gaudAnIe 1962nA "yamaMdira moDherA'tathA 1964mAM "sUryopAsanA ane gujarAtanAM lekhamAM agAunI carcAne dAra sAMdhIne jaNyuM che ke 3 jA-4 thA saikAmAM AvanAra sNa tamA: zaka praja, saheja navA svarUpamAM sUryopAsanA letI AvI hatI je ke mULamAM AmaprajA sayadevane mAnatI hatI, paraMtu viSNunA avatAra: rUpe te dUNAnA AgamanathI navA svarUpe jIvita thaI ane mati. vidhAnamAM navI rIta dAkhala thaI. Ama AyaprajAe sUryadevanI mUrtipUja 3 jA-4 thA saikAmAM zarU ! karI. AnI prakriyA samajAvatAM teo kahe che ke I.sa.nA 1 lA sekAthI mAMDI 4 thA saikA sudhImAM. bhAratavarSa para savArI karanAra' dUNa, zaka, 'maga ane .IrAnI devanAM mUrti svarUpone e vakhatanI AyaprajAe potAnA dharmamAM samAvI lIdhA. dhIre dhIre bhAratavarSanA pazcima bhAgamAM sUryapUja vyApaka binavA mAMDI, kAzmIra, paMjAba, rAjasthAna ane gujarAtamAM e dhaNI. kAlIpUlI. 17 TA uparokta mane samagratayA lakSamAM letAM jaNAya che ke zrI du. ke. zAstrIe dU dvArA gujarAtamAM pravezela ane prala suthapUjane laga mata rajU karyo hato, je matane AdhAre ayananI prAcInatA 5 mI sadInI vAtI hatI, te have bI gaudAnIe daze. sAthe zake I.sa.nI 1 lI thI 4 thI sadI ramAna athata kSatrapakAlamAM prasarelA jaNAvyA hoI temanA samaya daramyAna 3 jI sadIthI ahI sayapUjA pracAra ane hovAnuM puravAra thAya che. - zrI kanaiyAlAla bhA. davee temanA 1963nA prasiddha graMtha gujarAtanuM mUtividhAnamAM sUryane vaidika deva jaNAvI tenA uttarakAlamAM mahAkAvya tathA bRhatsaMhitA jevA graMthamAM ene maMdira tathA pratimApUjanA saMdarbhamAM kevI rIte vikAsa thayo che te darzAvI gujarAta, saurASTramAMthI upalabdha prAcIna sUryamaMdirane AdhAre gujarAtamAM sarvapujA cheka pUrvakAlathI pracalita hevAnuM moSama vidhAna karyuM che. [sAmIpya : okaTo., '92-bhA. 1992 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zrI navInacaMdra AcAye 1964nA "vAghelAkAlIna gujarAtane sAMskRtika itihAsa' nAmanA mahAnibaMdhamAM gujarAtamAM saryapUjAnI prAcInatA maitrakakAlamAM mUkatAM, patrakakAlathI suryamaMdira tathA pUrva pratimAnI prApti thatI havA tarapha dhyAna de che * zrI kAntilAla emaparAe sUryamaMdira virANanA AmukhamAM i.sa1thA rajUAta = purANakAlamAM vedakAlIna indranuM sthAna brahmAe, varUNanuM sthAna zive ane sa mAna lIdhuM. pariNAme vedokta sUryopAsanAmAM oTa AvI. tyAre evAmAM pazcima bhAratanA samIpatI pradezAne IrAnAdi pradeza sAthe saMparka vadhe. A saMpakane laIne pazcima bhAratamAM sUryapujanuM punaH avataraNa thayuM ane samagra pazcima bhAratamAM IsanI 6 ThThI sadIthI 10 mI sadI sudhI sUryapUjAnuM prAbalya rahyuM. paradezI saMpakanA kAraNe punaH jIvita thayelI sUryapUjAnA avazeSa sUryanA mUti vidhAnamAM jovA maLatAM keTalAMka paradezI tomAM nirakhI zakAya che.10 Ama zrI somapurA gujarAtamAM sUryapUjAne cheka 6ThThI sadI sudhI laI jatAM najare paDe che. mI narottama vALA temanA 1964 nA moDherAnA sUryamaMdira'nA lekhamAM jaNAve che ke sUrya pUjA e gujarAtanI vizeSatA che. gujarAtane pitAnuM nAma ApanArA gujaro, dUNe ane mera sUryapUjaka hatA. parANemAM sUryapUjAnA dhaNa ullekha gujarAtanI bhUmine uddezIne thayelA che e tenA purAvA rUpa che. zrI prakarabhAI gokANI 1964 nA gujarAtamAM suryapUjA' viSayaka lekhamAM jaNAve che ke sUrya pUjA mATe pratIka rUpe pratimA I.sa.nI AraMbhika sadIomAM ghaDAI. jene pracAra 5 mI thI 9 mI 10 mI sadI daramyAna saurASTramAM vadhu rahyo. 14 mI sadI pachI gujarAtamAM e pracAra pAmI. muslima AvatAM sadhaLI mUrtipUjAnI mAphaka saryamUtinI pUjA paNa kSINa thayAnuM jaNAve che. ' zrI umAkAnta zAhe 1966 mAM sama sUrya imejIsa homa gujarAta saurASTra enDa rAjasthAnanA lekha dvArA jaNAvyuM che ke pazcima bhAratanA bhAge khAsa karIne siMdha, kaccha ane saurASTramAM videzI prajA vadhu AvI. IrAnamAMthI zake maga brAhmaNe sUryamaMdiranA pUjArI tarIke AvyA hovAnI vigato bhaviSya purANamAM che. jyAre sUrya pUjA kathane sAmba tathA varAhapurANamAMthI prApta thAya che. A zAkadIpI brAhmaNee uttara bhAratamAM saura saMpradAyane prasarAvyo hato. Ama zrI zAhe gujarAtamAM sUryaprajAnA praveza ane prasAra I.sa.nI zarUAtamAM thayuM hovAnuM kahyuM che.3 , . zrI lAgIlAla sAMDesarAe I.sa. 1969 mAM prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna gujarAtamAM dhamajIvana14 lekhamAM tathA I.sa. 1972 mAM gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa graMtha-ranA dharma saMpratane lagatAM prakaraNamAM sUryapUjane alaga nirdeza karyo che drathA prabhAsa ane AnaMdapura (akasthala) sayapujanA kendra hovAnuM nedhyuM che. e temaja uttarakAlamAM arthAta maitrakakAlanA puSkaLa sama madirA upalabdha thayA che te baMne parathI mauryakAlathI guptakAla daramyAna sUrya pUjAne pracAra hevAnuM darzAvyuM che. jo ke emaNe zake, pUNe ke maga brAhmaNane A aMge koI ullekha karyo nathI. zrI ratnamaNirAva joTe 1968 mAM "gujarAtanA sAMskRtika itihAsamAM evo mata AgaLa karyo ke gujaro ane kAThIo jevI jUnI atie suryapUjaka hatI ane gujarAta kAThiyAvADamAM temaja gujarAtamAM sUryapUjAnI prAcInatA ane prasArI * [67 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mAravADanA aneka maMdiranA avazeSa maLe che, je jUnA kAlamAM sUrya pUja pracalita hovAnuM sUcave che, paraMtu zrI ratnamaNirAva spaSTapaNe tenI prAcInatAne nirdeza karatA nathI. - priyAbALAbena zAhe Isa. 176 nA gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa graMtha-4mAM - zajarAtamAM sUryopAsanA maga brAhmaNe dvArA AvI hovAnuM spaSTapaNe pradipAdita karyuM che. emane mate Aga brAhmaNe bhArata varSanA pazcima kinAre khAsa saurASTra pradezamAM nivAsa karyo hato ane 75labdha sUrya maMdiro vipula pramANamAM A kinAre maLe che te bAbata enI sUcaka che. alabatta, sUrya' pUjAnA tatune vedakAla sudhI kheMcatA teo jaNAve che ke sUrya ane tenAM judAM judAM svarUponI pUjA vida samA uttara vedakAlamAM thatI hatI. rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata ane purANomAM sUrya pUjAnA ulekha che. kRti ane smRti sAhityamAMthI temaja gupta samayanA saMskRta sAhityamAMthI paNa mAtra ullekho ja prApta thAya che. tyArabAda saura saMpradAya pracalita hovAnA nirdezo maLe che jo ke e saMpradAya vyavasthita paNe to khristI saMvatanA AraMbhakAlathI uttara bhAratamAM vikAsa pAmyuM hovAnuM jaNAyuM che. Ama priyabALAbena zAha paNa sUrya pUjAnI prAthInatA khristI saMvatanA prAraMbhakAla sudhI arthAta aigAunA mate karatAM be- traNa sadI AgaLa laI jAya che. zrI pravINacaMdra parIkha I.sa. 1984nA "talasparza' pustakamAM jaNAve che ke veda tathA vedattara- kAlamAM sUryopAsanA maMtro dvArA thatI hatI, je adyApiparyata cAlu che. enI sAthe zuMgAlamAM I.pU. 2 "saMdauthI mUrtipUjAne vyApaka pracAra thatAM anya devAnI jema sUryanI pratimA pUjAne pracAra thayo. - jemAM sUryanI prathama bedhagayAnI pratimA vize noMdha karAI che. A sAthe teo kahe che ke gujaramAM viziSata saurASTra pradezamAM pazcimI zaka kSatrapa sAthe AvI vaselA maga brAhmaNoe udIcya sUryopAsanAno vyApaka prasAra karyo hato.' - MAma che. vINacaMdra parIkha bhAratamAM I.pU. 2 jI sadImAM sUryanI pratimA pUja zarU thaI hovAnuM * jaNAve che. ane maga brAhmaNe dvArA yapUne aheLe phelAvo gujarAta vagere pradezomAM thaye haze ene zukSatrapa sAthe enU IsanI '1lI thI jethI sadI daramyAna pracalita thaI hovAnuM jaNAve che. , , zrI viprasAda trivedI temanI I.sa. 1986 nI rAMdala smaraNikAmAM nedha kare che ke, sUrya * asamamI-puranI rAnInI pUja Isa.nI 1lI sadI pUrve ane pachInI keTalIka sadIomAM cAlu rahI che AryonA bhAI e jevA IrAnIe ahI lAvyA hatA.19 "jhIlavA kara vyAsa I.sa. 885-86 nA bhAratamAM sUryapUjA' viSenA pustakamAM noMdhe che ke asaMta prAcInakalathI kadaca prAgaitihAsika kAlathI sUryapUjane agatyanuM sthAna maLyuM che. gujarAtane rAsAna sAmAtivAna panArA gujarA, hUNe ane zake sUrya pUjA hatA. bahArathI AvelI A ': aAe pitAnI sAthe pUja letI AvI hatI. badhumAM zrI vyAsa jaNAve che ke 5 mI sadInA aMtamAM - cInamA mAliyA- pradezamAMthI IrAna thaI hiMdustAnanAM uttara bhAgamAM AvI vaselI dUzu prajAe 6ThThI. sadImAM varcasva jamADyuM.' A hUNa svIya saMskRti vinAnA ane IrAnanI saMskRtithI prabhAvita thayelA hatAM. temaNe hiMdamAM AvI hiMdu dharmAnusAra sUyamUti banAvI hatI. 20 | 1 kamIe Aisa paraMmAre tAjetaramAM I.sa. 1990 mAM "saurASTranAM prAcIna sUryamaMdira' nAmane lekha pragaTa karyo che. temAM teo jaNAve che ke I.sa nI zarUAtanI sadImAM sUryanI prAkRtika svarUpanI 68] [sAmIpya : okaTa, '-mArca, 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pUja baMdha thatAM, pamI sadIthI saurASTramAM maitrake ane IrAnI zako dvArA sUrya pUjAvA lAgyA. A uparAMta 6 ThThI thI 9 mI sadI daramyAna hiMdu IrAnI asarayukta sUrya pratimAo banavA lAgI. jyAre sUryanA maMdire 6 ThThI sadIthI 20 mI sadI sudhImAM banelA jovA maLe che. - Ama zrI paramAra upalabdha purAtatvIya purAvAone AdhAre sUrya pUjonI prAcInatAne 5 mI sadImAM mUke che. niSkarSa : ahI: upayukta vidvAnonA mate cacanA AdhAre saMkSepamAM eTaluM spaSTapaNe kahI zakAya ke sajA thakA jeTalI bacIna che.paraMtu bhAratamAM pravezelI videzI tionA saMparSakathI zaryanI - mUrtipUjAno lekhelu thaze. " arthI spalIkAmaka sUrya pUjAne sAkArapAsamamAM sthAna maLyuM. I.sa nI zarUAtanI sadIomAM sUryanI matidhaDALA vadhI. jyAre tenAM mAhirenI mA bAda thaI hovAnuM jaNAya che. purAvIya mANa: sUryapUjanI zreNInatA vino nirNaya karavAmAM purAtatvIya purAvAthI tapAsa anivArya banI he che. AmAM garamI pratasifgINanI smatAnA avazeSo, prAcIna raMka ahita sikkAo paranAM ciho, abhimAnamAM AdhatA sthAnideza aja sina prAcIna maMdira ane jio sahAyaka thAya che. gujAtamAM sUryapUjAnI prAcInatA viSayaka prathama purAvazeSIya strota lethala2 temaja raMgapuramAMthI prApta thAya che. ahI thI prApta mATInAM vAsaNa upara sayA mATInA lasaNanI khaMDita *ThIkarIo para " athAka. niyatatha4, 15 haMgAstikanuM citrAMkana thayeluM che. jemAM dvArA prakRtipUjaka naisagika prajAe sUryanI pratIka svarUpe prathamavAra pUja zarU karI hovAnuM pratIta thAya che.' tyArabAda rAjakIya ItihAsanA sahAyaka sikkAo para mAnavAkRti, pazu, vRkSo, hathiyAre, tathA bhaumitika AkRtione aMkti karavAmAM AvelI che. jenA dvArA sAMskRtika vigate prApta thAya che. sikkAo upara aMkananI prathA I. pU. 2jI sadIthI zarU thaI hovAnuM manAya che, jemAM surya saMbadhita cakra, svastika, patra tathA azvanAM pratIkenI pratikRti darzAvavAmAM AvI che. sikkAo paranAM cihnanonI vividhaMtA je te viSayenI lAkSaNikatA pragaTa kare che.4 " ' sapUjAno spaSTa nirdeza- asilekhomAMthI je thI sadIthI maLavA lAge che. jethI sadInA aMtima caraNamAM thayelA zavabhadAraka rAjAnA sikkA maLyA che. tenA para rAjAnuM nAma tathA bida ukIrNa thayelA che. 25 jemAM rAjAne Adityabhakta ke parama aAdityanA hyA che. je spaSTataH e rAja sUryopAsaka hovAnuM pratipAdana karavA prere che. mI sadInA eka abhilekhamAM gujarAtanA suryapUjakoe eka maMdira karAvyAne ullekha maLe che. I.sa 437-18 nA aMdaranA abhilekhamAM jaNAvyuM che ke lAdezanA rezama vaNanArAoe mALavAnA dazapuramAM vasI jIptarami nAme karAvyuM hatuM. dhruvasena 1 lAnA kukraTa dAnazAsanamAM ane zIlAditaya 1 lAnA bhadreNikAyakanA dAnazAsanamAM sUryamaMdira mATe ke tenA nibhAva mATe jamIna ApyAnA ullekho maLe che. Ama zIlAditya- 1 le ane tenA pachI maitrakavazamAM thayelA bIjA cha rAjAo zIlAditya nAma dharAvatA hatAM je saMbhavataH emanI AdityabhaktinA sUcaka che. gujarAtamAM sUryapUjAnI prAcIna ane prasAra [68 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gujarAtamAM upalabdha prAcIna yamadviranuM sAkSa cheka IsanI 5 mI-6 ThI sadIthI maLe che. A sadI daramyAna surya maMdira baMdhAyAM hovAnA purAvA prApta thAya che. hAlanA abhyAsanA AdhAre 19 jeTalA sUryamaMdira jANamAM AvyA che. je bAbata sUyapUjAnI vyApakatAnI sUcaka che. AmAM prAcInatama maMdira gopamAM AveluM che je viSe vidvAnomAM matabheda che. alabatta A maMdiramAM hAla sUrya pratimA mejUda nathI. tyArabAda 7mI sadInuM DhAMkanuM sUryamaMdira che. 8 mI-9mI sadIthI sUryamaMdiranI saMkhyAmAM vadhAro thAya che ane 11 mI sadI sudhImAM to gujarAtanA lagabhaga badhA ja bhAgamAM pracalita hovAnuM tatakAlIna upalabdha maMdirone AdhAre kahI zakAya che. . jyAre upalabdha pratimAo para joIe te sau prathama kacchanA rAyaNa gAmethI maLela pratimAne nideza karI zakAya. 2 jI sadInI A UbhelI pratimAnA dibhujamAM pAne nALa sahita dhAraNa karela che. tyArabAda bekhIrA, zAmaLAjI, mAMgaroLa, prabhAsapATaNa, roDA) vagerenI pratimAone samAveza thAya che. jenI prApti 14 mI sadI sudhI vividhatA pUrNa jovA maLe che. 28 - uparokta tamAma purAtatvIya purAvAo uparathI gujarAtamAM sUryapUjAnI prAcInatAnuM nirdhAraNa karatAM ema sUcita thAya che ke I.sa.nI 2 jI-4 thI sadI daramyAna gujarAtamAM Atyibhakti vyApaka banI hatI. enuM pratimApUjana thavA lAgyuM hatuM. 4 thI sadIthI ene rAjyAzraya prApta thavA lAgyo na hato. pachInI sadIomAM khAsa karIne maitrakakALamAM ane vikAsa thayo. Ama upalabdha purAvAone . lakSamAM letAM gujarAtamAM sUryanI pratimAne Isa nI 2 jI sadI sudhI nizcitapaNe laI zakAya ema che. pAdaTIpa 1. durgAzaMkara ke. zAstrI, gujarAtanA tIrthasthAne', pR. 121 2, 6. ke. zAstrI, "sUryapUja-rAMdala pUjA', "basa gujarAtI sabhA saMzodhana maMDaLa gaimAsika', (phAgusamaMge), pR. 1 ' 3. raNachoDalAla va. zAnI, gujarAtanuM zilpa sthApatya", "kAsama.", varSa-4, aM. 3, - pu. 10, pR. 17 4. hasamukha sAMkaLiyA, purAtattvanI daSTie gujarAtanA prAcIna dha', "guma", . 6, - aM. 1, pR. 96. 5. hariprasAda gaM. zAstrI, metrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhAga 2, pR. 378; "gujarAtamAM sUryo pAsanA', dhvanimudraNa, tA. 18-6-84 6. harilAla Ara. gaudAnI, "sUryamaMdira moDherA (dhamarAya)', "navacetana", mu. 81, aM. - 486, 1964, pR. 21 7. gaudAnI, sUryamaMdira vizeSAMka', (samavi.) pR. 68 8. kanaiyAlAla bhA. dave, gujarAtanuM matividhAna, pR. 386 9. navInacaMdra A. AcArya, "vAghelAkAlIna gujarAtane sAMskRtika itihAsa', bhAga 2, pR. 492 10. kAMtilAla 6. somapurA, "sUtmavi 11. narottama vALaMda, sumavi., pR. 64 12. puSkarabhAI gokANI, samavi., pR. 64 [sAmIpya : eNkaTe, '9ra-mArca, 1993 7] For Private and Personal Use Only

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13. V. p. Shah, Some Surya Images From Gujarat and Rajasthan' "Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery" pp. 40-41 of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery' p. 40-41 14. bhAgIlAla ja sAMDesarA, budghiprakAza, pu, 116, aM. 7, 9, pR. 259 15. sAMDesarA, dha'saMpradAya', "gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, (gurAsAMI), mara, pR. 285 16. ratnamaNirAva bhI. joTa, 'gujarAtane sAMskRtika itihAsa', pR. 258 17. 'gurAsAM.', zrau-4, pR. 398, 401 18. pravINacaMdra ci. parIkha, 'talaspaza', pR. 32 19. viSNuprasAda je. trivedI, lokadevI rAMdala mA-rannAde", "smaraNikA', 70, eprila, 1986 20. giranaza kara ma. vyAsa, gujarAtamAM sUryapUjana', 1981, pR. 3, 21. khADIdAsa paramAra, saurASTranAM prAcIna sUryama'viza', "UminavaracanA", pR. 5 varSa*-61 aMka 722, me 1990, 22. Marg, Vol. XIV, No-3, 1961, June, pl. XI 23. Allchin, B& R., The Birth of lndian Civillzation' p. 18, fig, 44, No-12 24. naM. A. AcAya, 'gujarAtanA sikkA', pR. 16-17 25. pravINucadra ci. parIkha pAsethI prApta mAhitInA AdhAre 26. Abhilekhika vigatA mATe juo kriSnA ge. pacolI, gujarAtanI sUrya" pratimA- smRtividhAnanA pariprekSyamAM" (I.sa. 1700 sudhI) (mahAnibaMdha, apragaTa), pariziSTa 2, 1992. 27. sUryama'diAnI vigatA mATe juo, uparyukta, mahAnibadha, pariziSTa 1. 28. vadhu vigata mATe juo, upayukta mahAnibaMdha, prakaraNa 3. gujarAtamAM sUryapUjAnI prAcInatA ane prasAra] [r

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bhAnudatta anusAra sAtvika bhAve tathA vyabhicAribhAve - jArahi paMDayA 15 mI sadImAM thaI gayelA bhAnudata "rasamaMjarI', tathA rasataraMgiNI'nA racayitA tarIke vizeSa jANItA che. guNa, rIti, alaMkAra vagere vibhinna kAvyatanuM niramaNa to rasanA anulakSamAM ja hag ghare eka AcArya AnandavardhananA Agrahane jANe ke mannamaskatayA AvakAratA hoya tema bhAnudata pitAnA ane graMthamAM ekamAtra rasanuM ja vivecana kare che. temAMya "rasamaMjarImAM tene kevaLa nAya nAyikA aMge vicAra prastuta kare navI ja bhAta pADI che. prastuta lekhamAM bhAnudatanI rasataraMgiNamAM prApta thatA sAtvika tathA vyabhicArIbhAva aMge vicAra hAtha dharI che. "rasataraMgiNI'nA prathama tagamAM ja, rasuta kAragupta bhAvanuM, lakSaNa ApatAM kahyuM che kerakSA vinA mannA rasane akaLa, e vikAra te 'bhAva' che, ane vikAra eTale' ananubhUta ke ajJAta evA saMskArane anyathAbhAva. eTale ke pUrve paricita nahI te kaIskAra jAgrata thAya ke anubhavamAM Ave tene vikAra kahe che ane te rasane anukuLa hettAM, "bhAva" tarIke oLakhAya che. tenA be prakAra che AtaMra ane zArIra. te paikI prathamamAM sthAthiMbhA tathA vyabhicAhmiA sthAna pAme che. mAre hitamAM, sAtvikabhAve, samAviSTa karAyA che. ATha tarazAmAM vibhakta rasataraMgiNI'nA caturtha tara 'gamAM sAtvikabhAvo tathA paMcama taragamAM vyabhicAribhAni suvyavasthita nirUpaNa prApta thAya che, je paraMparA masta levAnI sAthe ja navIna bhAta paNa upasAve che. te have kama: joIe. sAtvikabhAvanuM nirUpaNa karatAM, sau prayama bhAnudatta, bharata saMmata ATha sAtvika bhAvanI noMdha le che tathA temane "sAtvika evuM nAmAbhidhAna ApavA pAchaLano Azaya spaSTa karatAM, zAstrIya Dhabe carcA upADe che. teo ne che ke, nanu asya sAttvikatva katham vyabhicAritva na kutaH sakalarasasAdhAraNyAditi cet / atra kecit, sattva' nAma paragataduH svabhAvanA yAmatyantA'nukUlatvam ; tena sattvena dhattAH sAttvikA iti vyabhicAritva. manAdatya sAttvika vyapadeza iti / ' arthAta, taMbha, veda, romAMca vagere bhAvo badhA rasane viSe sAdhAraNa rIte rahelA che, te . pachI temane vyabhicArI ja zA mATe na kahevA ?' evo prazna thAya, tenA samAdhAnamAM keTalAka evuM jaNAve che ke, bIjAnA duHkhane viSe mananI atyanta anukuLatAne "sattva' kahe che ane te bhAvathI yukta heya, te che "sAtvika'. tethI, temane vyabhicArI na kahetAM, "Atvika" evuM ja nAma apAyuM che. * gujarAta rAjya yunivarsiTI ane koleja saMskRta adhyApaka maMDaLanA 17 mA vArSika adhivezanamAM karanAlI mukAme vAMcela abhyAsalekha. + adhyApaka, saMskRta vibhAga, ha. kA. ArTsa koleja, amadAvAda [sAmIpya : eNkaTe, '2-mArca, 1995 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ahI bhAnudattano izAro dhanaMjaya-dhanika taraphane jaNAya che. - "dazarUpakakAra anubhAvarUpa hevA chatAM, sAtvika bhAvane svaMtatra svIkAra karI rasasUtramAM paNa tene samucita ulekha karatAM kahyuM che- pRthagbhAvA bhavantyanye'nubhAvatve'pi sAttvikAH / sattvAdevaM samutpattaistacca tadbhAvabhAvanam / / tathA tene samajAvatAM dhanika nodhe che ke bIjAnAM sukhaduHkhane viSe pitAnA ataHkaraNane ekadama anukULa banAvI devAmAM Ave tene sarva kahe che. kahyuM paNa che ke, sattva e eka mane vikAra che, je ekAgra banela cittamAMthI janme che. santa te che ke, jenAthI duHkhI ke AnahiMta thatAM, AMsu ke romAMca vagere janme che. tethI sarvathI -janmela te badhAne sAttvika bhAva kahe che. te satvamAMthI udbhavatA azru, romAMca vagere paNa aMtaranA bhAvane sUcavanAra hovAthI temane anubhAva paNa kahI zakAya. . dhanaMjaya-dhanikano A mata bhAnudattane svIkArya jaNAtA nathI. teo jaNAryuM che ke bIjAnA du:kha mATe potAnA mananI atyanta anukULatAmAMthI janmatA bhAvane sAtvika kahevAmAM Ave to to ni, smRti vagerene paNa sAtvika kahevAno prasaMga Avaze, ane vaLI anukULa' padane ne vaLI anukULa padano artha pArakAnA duHkhanI bhAvanAmAMthI A ATha ja bhAvo janme che-te nathI. AthI temanuM sArikatva paNa svIkAravuM joIe, kema ke, nirveda vagere paNa paradukhanI bhAvanAmAM utpanna thAya ja che." - A rIte, bhAnudattane mate, mananI atyanta anukuLatA eTale satva ane tenAthI yukata hovAmAtrathI sAtvikatva siddha thatuM nathI, kema ke tema karavAthI niti vyabhicAri bhAvene tenAthI pRthapha rAkhI zakAze nahIM. te pachI, sAtvika bhAvonuM saoNrivakatva zene kAraNe che? e ane bhArka pAnI rIte samAdhAna vicAre che ane jaNAve che ke, "sattvano artha che-zarIra tathA tenA dharmo te sAtvika bhAva arthAta staMbha vagere zArIrika dharmo sAttvika bhAvo kahevAya che, jayAre sthAyI ane bhicArI te Antarika hovAthI te zarIranA dharmo nathI. 1 ra - atreda pratibhAti sattvazabdasya prANiyAcakatvAdatraM sattve jIvazarIram / tasya dharmAH sAttvikAH / itthaM "ca zArIrabhAvAH stambhAdayaH sAttvikA bhAvA ityabhidhIyante / sthAyineo vyabhicAriNazca bhAvA AntaratayA na zarIradharmA iti / ahI bhAnudate maulika rIte sAtvika ane vyabhicArIo vaccene viveka upasAvyo che ane sAtvika bhAvonuM svarUpa judu ja hovAthI temane pRthaka ulekhyA che. - AcArya bharate temanA prasiddha rasasUtramAM je ke sAtvika bhAvane pRthaka nirdeza karyo nathI ane anubhAvo dvArA ja temanuM grahaNa thatuM vicAryuM che, chatAM temane sAtvika evuM ja nAma che apAyuM che, te aMge spaSTatA karatAM kahyuM che ke __ acyate iha hi sattva nAma manaH prabhavam / tacca smaahitmnstvaaducyte| manasaH . samAdhI sattvaniSpattirbhavati / tasya ca yo'sau svabhAvo rAmAgcAzravA dilakSaNo yathAbhAvopagataH zakyo'nyamanasA katuMmiti / lokasvabhAvAnukaraNatvAt, nATyasya sattvamIpsitam / manamAMthI je uddabhave che, tene sarva kahe che ane te, mana ekAgra thatAM saMbhave che, eTale ke mananI samAdhimAM sarva janme che, tene je svabhAva che te bhAva pramANe prApta thatAM, re mAMca, AMsu, varya vagere lakSaNe anyamanaska rIte abhinIta karI zakAya tema nathI ane nAya te lakavabhAvanuM anukaraNa karatuM hovAthI, temAM sattva ISTa manAyuM che. tAtparya e ke, lokamAM jaNAtA sukha bhAnudatta anusAra sAtvika bhAvo tathA vyabhicAri bhAvo] For Private and Personal Use Only

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duHkhAtmaka bhAve nAmAM paNa tenA vAstavika rUpe prajAvA joIe ane e rIte jotAM te, rudana vigerarUpa duHkhane bhAve, du:khI nahIM tevA pAtra vaDe ke AnaMdarUpa sukhano bhAva sukhI nahIM tevA - pAtra vaDe kevI rIte prayojI zakAya ? paNa sattvanuM kAma ja e che ke, tenuM te pAtra du:khI ke sukhI avasthAnA analakSamAM azru ke romAMca darzAvI zake. tethI te bhAvane sAtvika bhAvo kahevAmAM AvyA che. . . "nATayapaNa"kAroe te sAtvika bhAvone anubhAvarUpe ja nirUpyA che ne tenA ATha bheda 'ApyA che. teo jaNAve che ke, liMgI evA rasanuM bhAvana karAve-tenI pratIti karAve tene anubhAva kahe che. A anubhAva kArya vagere rU5 hoI mukhya hotA nathI, kema ke, mukhya te sthAyI ja hoya che ane tethI ja, je te rasanA judA anubhavo varNavAyA nathI paraMtu staMbha vagera ATha ja anubhAvanuM sAmAnyatayA nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che tathA prasAda, ucchavAsa, nizvAsa vagere paNa anubhAvo banI zake ema sUcavAyuM che. vaLI, vizeSamAM temaNe jaNAvyuM che ke, kyAreka sthAyI tathA vyabhicArI paNa anubhAvarUpe gRhIta thAya che ane A rIte sthAyI, vyabhicArI tathA anubhAvanA hajAre anubhA saMbhave che.* * * AcArya abhinavagupta zAktarasanA saMdarbhamAM je kahyuM che ke- ' - jugupsAM ca vyabhicAritvena zRGgAre niSedhan muniH bhAvAnAM sarveSAmeva sthAyitvasaJcAritvaciktjatvAnu. bhAvatvAni yogyatopanipAtitAni zaddhArthabalAkRSTAni anujAnAti / tene ja rAmacandra-guNacandra AvakAratA jaNAya che. bhAnudane paNa A vigata pitAnI rIte svIkArI che. tenI noMdha letAM pahelAM, staMbha vagere ATha sAttvika bhAvonuM svarUpa vicArIe. - bhAnuda te dareka sAtvika bhAvanuM tenA vibhAvo sAthe nirUpaNa karyuM che. te A pramANe che1. staMbha : zarIranA dhamarUpa hatAM, gatine nirodha "staMbha' kahevAya che. . - rAtre kSati jatiniro: tanma: I'..... ', ahI, "zarIradhama hovApaNuM' e vizeSaNa prayojAyuM hovAthI nidrA ke apasmAra vagerene viSe staMbhanI ativyApti thatI nathI. eTale ke, nidrA, apasmAra vagere zarIranA dharmo na hovAthI temAM jAte gatinirodha staMbhanA kSetramAM AvI zake nahIM. vaLI, pralaya nAme sAtvika bhAvathI A bhinna eTalA mATe che ke, pralayamAM ceSTAnirodha rahelo ' che, jyAre ahI gatisAmAnyane nirodha che. arthAt, bebhAna thaI javuM te pralaya che ane stabdha thaI javuM ke rekAI javu te staMbha che, staMbhanAM kAraNe harSa, rAga, bhaya, duHkha, viSAda, vismaya, kodha vagere manAya che; jema ke, eLI, vInatA...vageremAM. . 2, 8 : : zarIra, uparanA jaLane "' kahe che. puSi vimaH : 1 tenA vibhAvo tarIke manano tApa, harSa, lajajA, krodha, bhaya, zrama, pIDA, AghAta, mUcha vagere gaNAvAyA che, jema ke, te tava yuvAnane .vageremAM. 3. romAMca - vikArane kAraNe udabhavatA rAgamane "rAmAMca' kahe che. vira muraghatiArathAna mAtra: 18 74] [sAmApya : eNkahe, '92-mArca, 192 For Private and Personal Use Only

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- tenA vibhAva che-ThaDI, AliMgana, harSa, bhaya, krodha vagere. jema ke, vaDumura...vageremAM 4. svarabhaMga : , gadagada thavAne kAraNe savAbhAvika svaramAM thatA pheraphAra e "zvarabhaMga che. navAnavamUtaQrasthamAnArya svaramA ' . ', ahI, svarabhaga mATe gadagadatva kAraNabhUta manAya chete dvArA, "svarane pheraphAra bIja kaI kAraNe thayo hoya to tene svarabhaMga na kahevAya evuM kadAca bhAnatattane abhipreta hoya e zakaya che. na tenA vibhAvo, krodha, bhaya, harSa, mada vagere che. jema ke, carita: sthAC/......vageremAM. 1. vepazu ? " bhAvatvane lIdhe athAta, je te bhAvanA AvirbhAvathI thatA spandanane vepaNuM' kahe che. bhAvatve sati zarIra nispando vepathuH / / 4. ahI, "bhAvane lIdhe ema je kahevAyuM che, te dvArA, sUcaka evA spandanane viSe ativyApti thatI nathI, eTale ke zakana-apazakuna vagerenAM sUcaka evAM spandana-jema ke AMkha pharakavI--vagerene vepazu na kahI zakAya. vaLIzarIranA spandana dvArA, ceSTA ja tenA Azraya 5 che ema sUcavAyuM che. tethI zarIranA avayavanA kaMpamAM paNa ativyApti thatI nathI. Ama, avayavamAtranA kaMpane vepathu na kahevAya. * tenI vibhAvo tarIke AliMgana, harSa, bhaya vagere gaNAvAyA che. jema ke, thaya thayujha......vageremAM. 6. vaivaya : " vikArane lIdhe, varNa badalAI jAya tene "varya' kahe che. vivAraNamakagvaMkhyAmAvo vaivaSya 15 - che. ke tenA vibhA che-moha, bhaya, krodha, ThaMDI, tApa, zrama vagere. jema ke, re survati...vageremAM. 'che, arA : vikArane kAraNe janmatuM AMkhenuM pANI "a" kahevAya che. vijAtimakSitrimaza : - tenA vibhA-hala, amI, pumADe jAya, zoka, bagAsuM, kaMThI tathA animeSa dRSTithI jovuM vagere che. jema ke, vijuga viSa vitta..vageremAM. 8. pralaya : zarIradhama cAlu rahe te paNa ceSTA aTakI jAya tene "pralaya' kahe che. phAra sasi g niSa: prazya: 17 , ahIM, zarIradharma hatAM e vizeSaNa dvArA nidrA vageremAM ativyApti thatI nathI ema bhAnAra jaNAve che. vaLI, staMbha vagere zarIradharma kahevAya che. tethI, temanI sAthe kahevAtA A pralaya paNa zarIradhama ja che. eTale ke, ahIM je ceSTAne nirAdha abhipreta che, te ceSTA zArIrika ja mAnavI joIe, bhAnudatta anusAra sAttvika bhAva tathA vyabhicAri bhAvo] [75 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mAnasika nahI, kema ke, mananuM te karma hoya, ceSTA nahIM. tethI ja zarIra e ceSTAzraya che evuM lakSaNa kahevAyuM che.8 ' pralayanA vibhAvo rAga, utkaMThA vagere che. jema ke, no ya namite putaM'...vageremAM. A rIte, bharatasaMmata khaMbhAdi ATha sAtvika bhAvonuM nirUpaNa karyA pachI bhAnudatta eka vadhArAne navamo-sAtvika bhAva gaNAve che, te che saMbhA. - jammA ca navamaH sAttviko bhAva iti pratibhAti / 8 tenA samarthanamAM teo "zRMgAratilakane nirdeza kare che ane te aMge carcA karatAM teo jaNAve che ke, jabhA te bhAvanA anubhAvarUpa hovAthI tene sAtvika bhAva mAnavAmAM virodha nahIM Ave che evI zaMkA na karavI joIe, kema ke, anubhAva hovAM chatAM, tene sAtvika bhAva mAnavAmAM virodha Avato nathI, ane pulaka vageremAM tevuM jaNAya paNa che. eTale ke, pulaka (= romAMca) vagere, anubhAvo hovAnI sAthe sAttvika bhAva paNa che, tethI jallAne viSe paNa tema vicArI zakAya. nanu sA bhAvA'nubhAva iti viparItameva kiM na syAditi vAcyam, satyanubhAvatve bhAvatvavirodhAt pulakAdInAM tathAMdaSTatvAt / 20 ahIM, 'nanu' ne sthAne "na ra' pATha paNa maLe che, je yogya jaNAya che, tathA mAvahAviSAt ne sthAne mahatvavidhAna ema vAMcavuM joIe. .. vaLI, koI evI zaMkA kare ke A rIte te aMgasaMkocana, netramardana vagerene paNa sAttvika bhAva mAnavAne prasaMga Avaze; te tenA javAbamAM kahevAyuM che ke temAM to bhAvanuM lakSaNa ja utpanna thatu nathI tethI tevo prasaMga ja nahI Ave. 21 rasane anaphaLa e vikAra bhAva kahevAya che, jyAre aMgasa kAca vagere kaMI vikArarUpa nathI. te te zArIrika ceSTAmAtra che, je pratyakSa ja che, kema ke, aMgasakAca vagere te puruSanI IcchAne AdhAre pravarte che, jyAre jaMbhA to vikAra vaDe ja udabhave che ane vikAra zamI jatAM dUra thAya che. aGagAkRSTirakSimardana ca puruSairigchayA vidhIyate parityajyate ca / jammA ca vikArAdeva. bhavati tannivRttau nivartate ceti / 22 Ama, jabhAne paNa sAtvika bhAva mAnavo joIe, tenuM udA. che-mAdhAra naM rahari..vageremAM bhAnadatta karela sAttvika bhAva aMgenuM A nirUpaNa paraMparAmUlaka chatAM tAju' jaNAya che. temaNe kayAreka je te sAtvika bhAvanI carcAmAM pUvapakSa uThAvI, tenuM khaMDana karI potAnA nirUpaNane ' zAstrIya ane takazaka banAkhyu che. anya nATyazAstrIya granthamAM Ane zAstrIya vimaza jovA maLato nathI. - A ja rIte, vyabhicAribhAvo aMge paNuM khUba vyavasthita nirUpaNa temaNe kahyuM che. te have joIe. . ' . ', ' ' rasataraMgiNI'nA pAMcamA taraMgamAM Antara vikArarUpa vyabhicAribhAvanuM nirUpaNa AraMbhatAM, bhAnudIta ( prathama bharatasaMmata nivedAdi tetrIsa vyabhicArIone nAmanirdeza kare che. te pachI, vyabhicArInuM svarUpa spaSTa karatAM teo noMdhe che ke, . itastato raseSu saJcAritvamanakarasaniSThatvamanekarasacyApyatva' vyabhicAritvam // 23 - " rasane viSe ahIMthI tyAMthI saMcAra karatAM hevAthI, aneka rasamAM rahetA hovAthI ane aneka rasone vyApIne rahetA hovAthI temanuM vyabhicAritva manAya che. 7 ] [sAmIpya : kaTo, 2-mArca, 19tra For Private and Personal Use Only

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bharate paNa kahyuM che ke, vividhamAmimuravyena raseSu carantIti vymicaarinn:|24 vaLI, tene bIjI rIte samajAvatAM, tyAM kahyuM che ke, vAgaGgasattvopetAH prayoge rasAnnayantIti vybhicaarinnH|25 arthAta, je vANI, aMga tathA savathI yukta thaIne pragamAM rasenuM vahana kare che, te vyabhicArIo. . jo ke, bhAnate A pramANenI noMdha ApI nathI paraMtu sAtvika bhAvathI tenuM pArSakaSa nidezatAM kahyuM che ke, vyabhicAribhAvomAM romAMca vagerene aMtarbhAva thato nathI, kema ke, remAMya vagere to, zArIrika bhAva che, jyAre nikAdi AMtarabhAvarUpa manAya che. : ... na ca rAmAzcAdavati vyAptisteSAmapi sa graahytvaat| te ca bhAvAH zarIrA vyAbhicAriNa ete svAntarA vyabhicAriNa iyAnvizeSaH 26 have ahIM teo eka prazna uThAve che ke, nirveda vagere sthAyI ane vyabhicArrI ema banerU5 kevI rIte hoI zake? paraMtu A prazna yogya nathI tema jaNvatAM teo kahe che ke, rasAnubhUti haramyAna nivedAdinuM sthAyitva tathA vyabhicAritva (= ahIMtahIM javAne dharma) te upAdhide siddha thAya che. 24 zarU5kakAre vyabhicArInuM svarUpa varNavatAM kahyuM che ke. vizeSAdAbhimuravyena carantA vybhicaarinnH| sthAyinyunmagna nimagnAH kallolA iva kAridhI // 28 arthAta, samudranA taraMgonI jema, je sthAyImAMthI udbhave che ane temAM ja nimagna bane che, te vizeSa prakAre abhimukha banIne vicAratA hovAthI temabhayArI kahevAya che. _ "nATayaNakAraNe tenuM svarUpa spaSTa kahnAM kahe che ke, rasane viSe unmukha evA sthAyI prativiziSTa rIte abhimukha thaIne eTale ke tene poSaka banIne ja rahe che. tene vyabhicArI kahe che. 28. ane vaLI, rati vagere sthAyibhAva kayAreka sthAyI na hatAM vyabhicArI kahevAya che. eTale ke, potAnA vibhAvanI apekSAe te vyabhicArI hoya che, e vigata pazu nATyadarpaNakAre svIkAre che. tathA bharate ApelA nivedAdi tetrIsa vayabhicArIo uparAMta anya bhAvo jevA ke bhUkha, tRSNa, metrI, muditA, prahA, dayA, upekSA, kSamA, mArdava, Ajava, dAkSiNya vagere paNa vyabhicArIo saMbhavI zake , nirveda vagere tetrIsa vyabhicAri bhAvonuM svarU5 lagabhaga dareka nATyazAstrIya granthamAM bahudhA ekasarakhI rIte ja nirUpAyuM che, kema ke, tene viSe te bharatathI judA paDavAnA prazna ja uM pazvita thatA nathI, ema kahI zakAya, ane AthI sarvasvIkRta evA vyabhicArIonuM bhAtudo karela svarUpanirUpaNa karavAnuM ane ucita mAnyuM nathI. paraMtu vyabhicArIo aMge temaNe je anya vigata nidezI che te, tathA "chala' nAme navIna vyabhicArInI uddabhAvanA je vicArI che, tenA svarUpa aMgenI noMdha levI jarUrI che. " , " ?? bharata pramANe, kula tetrIsa vyabhicAri bhAvAnuM tenA vibhAve tathA anubhAva sAthe nirUpaNa karyA pachI bhAnudata jaNAve che ke, kAmanI dasa avasthAomAM gaNavAyela abhilASa, guNakathana tathA pralApa. e traNa avasthAo ke je mAnasabhAvarUpa che, tene svataMtra vyabhicArIrUpa mAnI zakAya nahIM paraMtu temane aMtarbhAva upara nirdiSTa tetrIsa vyabhicArTIomAM ja thaI jAya che. jema ke, sukamAM abhilASa, varNanAtmaka smRtimAM guNakathana ane unmAdamAM pralApane samAveza thAya che, A vigatane pUvapakSa uThAvIne rajU karatAM, bhAnudatta neAMdhe che ke, bhAnudatta anusAra sAtvika bhAvo tathA vyabhicAri bhAve ! [ 77 For Private and Personal Use Only

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nanu dazAvasthAsvabhilASaguNakathApralApA vyabhicAribhAvA'bhyantare na gaNitAstat ki svatantrA eveti cenna / autsukye'bhilASasya varNanAtmakasmRtau guNakathAyA unmAde pralApasyAntarbhAvAt / 30 . A rIte, bharatasaMmata tetrIsa vyabhicArIo ja svIkAratA bhAnudatta vizeSamAM "chala' nAme eka navIna vyabhicArI paNa Ape che. teo nAdhe che ke, . atra pratibhAti-chalamakSiko vyabhicAribhAva iti / 'tAmbUlAharaNacchalena rabhasA leSo'pi saMvidhinataH' iti zRGgAre darzanAt / raune cendrajAlAdidarzanAt / hAsye ca nyapadezA'nyApadezayAdarzanAt / vIthIbheda darzanAcca / zRMgAramAM prApta thatAM udAharaNe, raudramAM jaNAtA IndrajAla vagera, hAsyamAM AvatA vyapadeza tathA anyA5dezane lIdhe tathA vIthIbhedamAM paNa te jaNAya che tethI. chala' eka svataMtra vyabhicArI che. ' tenuM varU5 varNavatAM kahyuM che ke raMgukiyAkalpa cham 32 | mukhaDiyAnuM saMpadAna "chala' kahevAya che. te apamAna, pratipakSanI kharAba ceSTAo vagerethI janme che. eTale ke, te tenA vibhAve che ane vakrokti, smita; IkSaNa, svabhAvanuM prasthAna vagere tenA anubhA che. vibhAvA avamAnapratipakSakuceSTAdayaH / anubhAvA vakroktinibhUtasmitta nibhUtavIkSaNa prakRti. karachanAyikA 33 - A uparAMta, bhAnudatta je te rasane vyabhicArIono pRthapha nirdeza paNa kare che, tadanusAra, saMga zugAramAM Alasya, ugratA ane jugupsA hotAM nathI. vipralaMbhamAM Alasya, glAni, niveda, zrama, zaMkA, nidrA, ausukaSa, apasmAra, supta, vibodha, unmAda, jaDatA ane asUyA-eTalA vyabhicArIo nirUpAya che, hAsyamAM avahilyA, Alasya, niMdrA, supta, prabodha ane, asUyA hoya che, te karaNamAM vaLI moha, niveda, tya, jaDatA, viSAda, bhramaapasmAra, umAda, vyAdhi, Alasya, smRti, veNu, staMbha, svarabheda tathA azru nAmanA vyabhicArIo Ave che. ekarasamAM utsAha, smRti, , Avega, amarSa, romAMca, calatA, ugratA, svarabheda ane ka5 hoya che, jayAre vIramAM utsAha, ti, mati, gava, Avega, amaSa, ugratA ane romAMcanuM nirUpaNa thAya che. bhayAnakamAM taMbha, sveda gadagadava, romAMca, vaiva, zaMkA, moha, Avega, dainya, capalatA, trAsa, apamAra, pralaya ane mUccha nAmanA vyabhicArIe prApta thAya che, ane bIbhatsa rasamAM apamAra, moha, Avega tathA vavazya jovA maLe che te adabhutamAM vaLI staMbha, sveda, gagaDava, azru, romAMca, vizvama tathA vismayanuM nirUpaNa - karavAmAM Ave che. A ja rIte, anya vyabhicArIo paNa vicArI zakAya. - ahIM', sAmAnya rIte jene sAtvika bhAvo tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che, temanI gaNanA paNa je te rasane viSe rahela je te vyabhicArisamahamAM karavAmAM AvI che, je nedhapAtra che. sAvika bhAvanA nirUpaNa prasaMge temane vyabhicArIthI pRthapha darzAvatA bhAnudatta ahIM te ja sAtvika bhAvane anya vyabhicArI bhAvanI kakSAmAM mUke che, te yuktisaMgata jaNAtuM nathI. paraMtu abhinavagupta zAktarasanI carcA daramyAna "abhinavabhAratI'mAM dareka bhAvonuM sthAyitva, anubhAvava, citta jatva ane saMcAritva saMdarbha pramANe hoI zake evuM je sUcavyuM che, tenuM ja samarthana ahI bhAnudatta karatA hoya ema vicArI zakAya. [[sAmIpya : auo., '92-mArca, 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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aMte bhAnudata jaNAve che ke, sthAyI paNa vyabhicarita thAya che. sthAyino'pi vyabhicaranti / 34 huM jema ke hAsa sthAyI zRMgAramAM; rati sthAyI zAnta, karaNa tathA hAsyamAM; bhaya tathA zoka sthAyI karaNa ane caMgAramAM krodha sthAyI vAramAM; jugupsA sthAyI bhayAnakamAM vyabhicArIrUpa chejyAre utsAha ane vismaya te badhA ja rasene viSe vyabhicArIrUpe AvI zake. . - Ama, bhAnuttei sAtvikabhAve ane vyabhicArI bhAvonI vicAraNAmAM maulika abhigama dAkhavyo che. pATIyA 1. prastuta lekhamAM zrI devadara kauzika dvArA saMpAdita, munzIrAma manaharalAla pablizarsa prAIveTa limiTeDa, navI dilhI, 1974 mAM prakAzita AvRttino upayoga karAya che. 2. rasataraMgiNI, 1, pR. 4 3. ejena, 4, pR. 50 4. "dazApaka, (zrI hajArIprasAda trivedI tathA zrI pRthvInAtha dvivedI dvArA saMpAdita ane rAjakamala prakAzana, dilhI, 1971mAM prakAzita), 4 4 B--5 A '' 5. rasataraMgiNI 4, pR. 50 tanna nivedasmRtiprabhRtInAmapi sAttvikavyapadezApatteH / na ca paraduHkhabhAvanAyAmaSTAvete samutpadyanta itynukuulshbdaath':| ata eva sAttvikatvamapyeteSAmiti vAcyam / nivedAderapi paraduHkha. mAvanAmayurohiti 6. rasataraMgiNI, 4, pR. 50 - - - 7. nATayazAtra, bhAga 1, gAyakavADa eriyanTala sIrIjha, 156, pR. 774-75 8. nAthadaNa, (saMpA. De. nagendra, prakA. dilhI vizvavighAlaya, dilhI, 1961), 3. 2, 114 9. nATayazAstra, bhAga 1. pR. 333 uparanI abhinavabhAratI. . 10. rasataraMgiNI, 4, pR. 52 11. ejana, pR. 53 12. ejana, pR. 54 13. ejana, pR. 54 14. ejane, pR. 55 15. ejana, pR. 56 16. ejana, pR. 57 * 17. ejana, pR. 57 ejana, pR. 558-tanmaya: zarIra5tevo ' kAryanena prApi 7Sama eva / tenA'tra ceSTApadena zarIraceSTevA'mimatA / manasastu kama" bhavati na tu cessttaa| aMta eva ceSTAzrayaH zarIramiti zAstrIya lakSaNamU / ' 19. ejana, pR. 59 * * * 20. ejana, pR. 61 21. ejana, pU. 61-1 vAkAtrimardInAmavi. mAvasyAtti teSAM AvaDhagrrmAvAtA 22. ejana, pR. 61 23. rasataraMgiNI, pa. pU. 63 24. nATyazAstra, 7, pR. 355 25. ejana, pR. 355 26. rasataraMgiNI, 5. pR. 60 - 27. ejana, pR. 63-nanu nivAH hAyitve mivArivaM 2 thImati rena, raNavattAvitra mitastatogAmitvaJcopAdhibhedamAdAyobhayasambhavAt / . 18. kAzarUpaka, 4. 7 29. nATayadapaNa, 3.164 uparanI vRtti 30. rasataraMgiNI, pR. , 31. ejana, pR. 99-100 32. ejana, pR. 100 33, ejana, pU. 100 34. ejana, 5. 11 bhAnudatta anusAra sAtvika bhAva tathA vyabhicAri bhAvo] [79 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jUrvazarAjavaMzAvI- pramANita itihAsanI dRSTie - hariprasAda zAstrI ' gujarAtanA rAjakIya itihAsa arvAcIna Dhabe gujarAtImAM ane aMgrejImAM briTiza kAlamAM 1850 thI 1898 daramyAna lakhAvA lAgyo te pahelAM marAThA kAlamAM raMgavigaNi nAme jaina munie saMskRta padyamAM ro hatA. e pahelAM sahatanata kAla tathA adhala kAlamAM arabI-phArasImAM keTalAka tavArIkha-graMtha lakhAyA hatAM. raMgavijaya-kRta kAvya pustakarUpe prakAzita thayuM nathI, paraMtu zrI. aMbAlAla pre. zAhe traNa hastaprato parathI ene saMpAli kareluM te 1968mAM "svAdhyAya' sAmayikamAM pragaTa thayuM che. emAM kRtinuM nAma " rAnaarAvI ApavAmAM AvyuM che. muni jinavijayajIe ene gujaradeza bhUpAvalI' tarIke oLakhAvI che. enA Adya zlokamAM "gurjara bhUponAM nAmo' ane aMtima zlokamAM "gujara dezanA bhUpationAM nAmo" ane "gujara bhUponAM abhidhAne" evA zabda prayojAyo che, jyAre katinI puSikAmAM "zrI gUjaradeza nimite rAjya sthitionAM nAma' nidiSTa che. A parathI kavinA manamAM "gUjaradeza bhUpanAmAvalI" zIrSaka hoya e vadhu saMbhavita che. kArya kula 5 zlokamAM . racAyuM che. maMgalAcaraNanA lokamAM sarasvatIne praNAma ane sadgurunuM smaraNa karela che. vaMzAvalIonuM nirUpaNa vIranirvANanA samayathI mAMDIne kavinA samaya sudhI arthAt vi.saM. 1865 (I.sa. 1809) sudhI karavAmAM AvyuM che. zla. 94 mAM 2'gavijaye vi.saM. 1865 nA phAgaNa suda pUnamane gurUvAre gUjara bhUpationAM nAma nizvita karyAnuM jaNAvyuM che ne zloka 95 mAM raMgavijaye A kRtinI racanA roma yavanarAjano Adeza meLavI gupura(bharUca)mAM kSAtra bhagavantarAyanA vacanathI sAMbhaLIne saMdarbhata karI hovAnuM darzAvyuM che, kAvyanA saMpAdaka oMdhe che tema reTa rAjA ane bhagavaMtarAya vize koI vizeSa mAhitI apAI nathI. hastapratonI puSpikAomAM 5. raMgavijaya" ane "paM. raMgavijayagaNuiM eTale ja nirdeza karAyo che, emanA gurunuM nAma jaNAvyuM nathI. * 19 mI sadInA AraMbhamAM gujarAtamAM pezavAI sattA zithila thaI hatI ne vaDodarAnA gAyakavADa kaTa banuM varcasa pravartatuM hatu. bharUcamAM navAbI hakumatano aMta AvatAM aMgreja sarakAranI satA sthapAI hatI (I.sa. 1772). gAyakavADa kuTuMbamAM goviMdarAvane putra AnaMdarAva rAjapada pAmyo hato, paraMtu te nibaLa hAI sattAnAM stra enA kAkA phattesiMharAve hastagata karyA hatAM. pezavAe pitAnA hissAne IjAre goviMdarAvanA putra bhagavaMtarAyane Apyo hato (1890-1814). A kAvyanA aMtima zlokamAM jaNAvela romaTa yavanarAja, bharUcanA saMdarbhamAM joIe te aMgreja rAjA hoI zake. ne emAM jaNuvela kSAtra bhagavantarAya e A bhagavaMtarAya gAyakavADa hoya, athavA bharUcane koI sthAnika khatrI hoya. ' raMgavijaya jaina muni hoI pote jaina anuzrutinI temaja jaina lekhake e lakhelA prabaMdha graMthonI jANakArI dharAvatA heye e svAbhAvika che. yavana vaMzanA bhUpatienI bAbatamAM temane bhagavaMtarAya dvArA ke koI anya dvArA muslima lekhake lakhela tavArIkhanI kaMI mAhitI maLI haze I. pU. 5ra7 thI lagabhaga I.sa. 40 sudhIno samayapaTa 2287 varSo jeTale vistRta che. eTalA lAMbA gALAmAM thayela uttarottara rAjavaMzanAM nAme tathA te rAjAonA rAjyakAlanI vigatonuM saMkalana karavuM e kaparuM kAma che. 5. raMgavindramaNie e kAma vividha anukRtionA AdhAre yathAzakti pAra pADayuM e hakIkata e samayanI upalabdha sAdhanasAmagrInI maryAdita chayatA jotAM prazasya gaNAya. chatAM briTiza kALa daramyAna itihAsane * nivRtta adhyakSa, bho. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda : 01 [sAmIpya : okaTo., '92-mArca, 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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anekAneka sAdhanasAmagrI prakAzamAM AvIne itihAsa-sazeAdhananI abhinava dRSTi vikasI esa'lamAM raMgavijayanI A kRtimAMnI vigatAne parAmaza karavAmAM Ave, te pramANita RtihAsanI adyatana mAhitInI kasoTIe e vigatA keTalI yathAtha nIkaLe che te emAMnI kAI vigatA e tihAsanI ma khUTatI kaDIo pUrI pADe che ke kema te tapAsavu' upayogI nIvaDe. 1. ra'gavijaya gujarAtanA itihAsanA AraMbha vIra nirvANunA samayathI kare che. paraMtu gujjatanA Adya pratihAsamAM thAyate| ane yAhvA tathA bhRguone vRttAMta maLe che. emAM yALAnA vRttAMtamAM rAna ugrasenA samudravijaya tathA temikumAra-tesinAyanA saMdalamAM jaina anuzrutimAM ya nirdeza Ave che. tA ahIM 24 mA tIthakara mahAvIra svAmInA nirvANuthI ja kema AraMbha karatA haze ? 'vicArazreNI'ane 'tiyeAmAMlIyapannA' jevA anya jaina gra MthAmAM paNa Arabha vIra nirvANuthI karavAmAM AvyA che. AthI ahIM ragaviya A jaina paraparAne anusare che ema kahI zakAya. 2. mahAvIra je divase nirvANuM pAmyA te divase pAlaka nAme rAjA thaye, teNe 60 varSa rAjya karyuM". A pAlaka avaMtinA caDa pradyotanA putra ane vAsavadattAnA bhAI thatA. pAlaka pachI naMdava MzanA nav cjAkSetu zAsana pravRtyu, kula 155 va. avaMtimAM pAlaka pachI vizAkha ane Ayaka nAme rAna thayAnu' purANA jaNAve che. 'mRcchakaTika' nATakamAM julamI rAna gopAlakane padabhraSTa karI Aya rAjyasattA hastagata karyAMnu jaNAvyuM che, paraMtu A kAryamAM teA pAlaka pachI tarata ja nada vaza " sattArUDha thayAnuM jaNAvela che. purAA anusAra naMdu vaMzanA pahelA rAtrae 88 (ke 28) varSAM ane pachInA Ama rAjAoe 12 varSe rAjya karyu. paraMtu 'vicArazreNI' paNuM kula 155 vaSa Ape che. khIjI khAjU hitI anuzruti nAnA rAjyakAla kula 22 varSanA ja hovAnuM jaNAve che! 3. cadragupte sthApelA mauya' vaza 108 varSAM sattArUDha rahyo. 'vicArazreNI' paNa 108 vaSa Ape che. paraMtu purANA pramANe mauya vaze kula 137 vaSa' rAjya karyuM hatuM. 4. ragavijaya sau vaza pachI puSpamitra 32 varSe, pachI sAmitra-bhAtamitra 60 varSa, pachI nAne 40 varSa, pachI vRbhile 13 varSa ane pachI zuka rAe 4 varSa rAjya karmAnuM gAvI, nItirvANa pahelAM 60 + 155 + 108 = 323 varSI ate e pachI 30 4.1 +91 12 14 = 147 varSI maLI kula 470 varSI thayAnuM jaNAve che. pachI ujamAM vikramAditya rAna thayA, eNe potAnA savata pravartAvyA. Ama e pahelAM 470 varSa vIratirvANa savata cAlyA hatA. narabhruhato 'vistArazreNI'mAM namAvAhana kahyo che, e gRhA abhilekhamAM jaNAvela zaka rAjA nahAna che. e abhi temAM te enAM varSoM 41 zrI 46 jaNAvyAM che ! 5. Ama jaina anuzrutimAM vIranithI vikramAdiyanA rAjyanA AraMbha sudhI 470 varSa vItyAM hovAnu jaNuAvyu` che. jaina anuzrutimAM vIranirvANu savata hAla e rIte ja gaNAya che. paraMtu ahI prazna e che ke A badhA rAjAonu` zAsana gujarAtamAM pravateluM kharu? avaMti (mALavA) gujarAtanI naka hAI pAlakanI sattA gujarAta para prasarI heAya evuM salave paNa nAnI rAjasattA mA pradeza para thatI hovAnA saveza maLyA nathI. mauya vacamAM caMcupta ane anekanI sattA A pradezamAM pravRtI hanI govu Abhilekhaka pramANa upalabdha che. su'pratinI rAjasattA paNa ahI pravatI haze. paNa zRMga nivRtta adhyakSa, bheA. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda. 'nUna heAAnava zAvalI' pramANita itihAsanI dRSTie] [1 For Private and Personal Use Only

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va'zanA sthApaka puSyamitranI sattA gujarAtamAM hatI evu mAnavA mATe koI pramANa maLyuM` nathI. khA mitrathI mAMDIne zaka sudhInA rAjAe mALavAmAM rAjya karatA hAya ane teonI sattA lATa para paNa prasarI vhAya e saMbhavita che. 6. ra'gavijaya jaNAve che ke vikramAditye ujjainamAM 8 varSa rAjya karyu te pachI enA putra rAjA thayA. A putranA nAma tathA rAjyakAlanI vigata ahI ApI nathI, para Mtu enA rAjyakAlanA aMte vikrama sa Mvatane 175 varSa thayAnuM jaNAvyuM che e parathI vikramAdityanA putre 49 varSe rAjya ryAMnu phalita thAya che. paratuM 'vicArazreNI'mAM merUtuMga jaNAve che ke vikramAditye 60 varSe, enA putra dharmAditya-vikramacaritra 40 varSa, pachI bhAlarAje 11 varSa, nAIle 14 varSa ane nAhaDe 10 varSI rAjya kayuM. A rIte vikrama saMvata kula 135 varSI pravatryAM. A bAbatamAM ragavijaya kAI anya anuzrutine anusare che. jaina anuzruti minendara ke apalakta jevA bhAratIya-vyavana rAjAnA zAsananI noMdha letI nathI. vikrama sA~vatanI mitiomAM zatakA sudhI 'vikrama' nAma prayAAyu nathI. che. have zaka saMvata pratyer. enA pravaka zAlivAhana rAjAe 50 varSa, pachI khalamitre 100varSa, harimitre 100 varSa, priyamitre 80 varSa ane bhAnue 92 varSI rAjya karyu'; te e pachI Ama, bhAja vagere sAta rAjA thayA, temaNe kula 245 varSa rAjya karyuM" ema ra'gavijaya jaNAve che, paraMtu have saLaMga varSIsakhyA zaka saMvatanI nahi, paNa vikrama sa`vatanI ja ApavAmAM AvI che, kema ke gujarAtamAM vikrama savaMta adyapayaMta pracalita rahyo che. A gaNutarIe ahI' vi.sa' 285, 385 ane 465 jaNAvyAM che. chevaTamAM Ama, bhAja vagere sAta rAjAonA rAjyakAla hastapratAmAM 245 vaSa ApyA che, te kharI rIte saMpAdaka taidha che tema 345 varSa` hAvAM joIe, kema ke tA ja chevaTanI sakhyA vi.sa. 802 nI badha ese tema che. zaka savata 1 thI 667 varSanA lAMkhA gALA jaina anuzrutimAM aTapaTA che. zaka saMvata zaka rAjA cASTananA rAjyArAhaNuthI zarU thayA lAge che, enI sAthe zAlivAhananu nAma aneka zatako pachI sakaLAyu' che. zAlivAhana arthAt sAtavAhana kharI rIte dukhaNunA sAtavAhana vaMzanA rAjA hatA. akSamitra, harimitra, priyamitra ane bhAnu kayA va zanA rAjA hatA e vize kaI aNusAra maLatA nathI. e rAjAonA dI' rAjyakAla paNa avAstavika lAge che. Ama ane bAja spaSTata: pratIhAra vazanA rAjA che. Ama nAme oLakhatA rAjA nAgabhaTa 2 jo (I. sa. 782-834) che te rAjA bhojane rAjyakAla lagabhaga I. sa. 836-885 nA che. jayazikharInuM mRtyu vi.saM. 7para (I. sa. 696)mAM thayu hAvAneA ane vanarAja cAvaDAnA rAjyAbhiSeka vi. sa. - 02 (I. sa. 746)mAM thayeya hAvAnI anuzruti che ne Ama ane bhAja te jayazikharI ane vanarAjanA samakAlIna gaNyA che. enI sAthe samayanA meLa maLatA nathI. ra'gavijaya. Ama-bhAjanA va'zanA khIjA pAMca rAnanAM nAma ApatA nathI te e sAta rAjAonA kula rAjyakAla 245 ( 345) varSoMnA jaNAve che. kharI rIte gujasatanA itihAsamAM mauya kAla pachI A lAMbA gALA mATe briTiza kAlamAM vipula sAmagrI prApta thaI che. sikkAonA AdhAre trIseka kSatrapa rAnanAM nAma jANuvA maLyAM che. sikkA para te rAjAnu' puru nAma ane sikkA paDAvyAnuM varSa Apela che te parathI A sarva rAjAnI vaDazAvaLI tathA sAlavArI budha mesADI zakAI che, lagabhaga I. sa. 78 thI 400 sudhInA A zA kulanA itihAsa sikkA tathA zilAlekhA parathI prakAzamAM AvyA che. te pachI rAjA za bhaTTArakanA [sAmIpsaH oNkaTo., '92-mA', 1992 82] For Private and Personal Use Only

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sikkA prApta thayA che e pachI gujarAtamAM magadhanA gupta samrATa kumAragupta 1 lAnu ane ska Mdhyutanu zAsana pravatu, lagabhaga I. sa. 415 thI 470 sudhI. gujarAtamAM guptakAla dhaNA TUMkI che, paNa kSatrapa kAlanI jema e pachInA maitrakakAla lAMkheA samayapaNa zake che. tAmrapatro para UtarelAM dAnazAsanA parathI maitraka va'zanA 19 rAjAonA itihAsa jANavA maLyA che. teoe lagabhaga I. sa. 470 thI 788 sudhI rAjya karyuM. daramyAna saurASTramAM gArUlaka ane saidhava vaza sattArUDha thayA. dakSiNu gujarAtamAM traikUTaka, kaTacyuri, cAhamAna, seMdraka, cAlukaya ane rASTrakUTa vazanI rAjasattA pravatI. tenA itihAsa paNa tAmrapatro parathI prakAzamAM AvyA che. I. sa. 78 thI 788 sudhInA lAMbA samayapaTanA itihAsa have vipula pramANamAM prakAzamAM AvyeA che, jyAre jaina anuzrutine anusaratA ra`gavijaye kSatrA, guptA maitrakA vagere rAjavaMzeAnI lezamAtra neAMdha lIdhI nathI. e samaye A samagra itihAsa lagabhaga adha kAramaya hatA. 8. cApAtkaTa (cAvaDA) ane caulukaya (sAla kI) vazanA vRttAMtathI ra'gavijaya gUjaradezanA rAjava'zonI nakkara mAhitI pUrI pADe che. cApAtkaTa va'zamAM vanarAja-sa. 802thI 60 varSI, yAgarAja-sa. 862thI 35 varSI, kSegarAja-sa. 897thI 25 varSI, bhUMhaDa-sa. 922 thI 29, varSAM vayasiMha-sa. 951 thI 25 varSa, ratnAditya-sa'. 976thI 15 varSI ane sAmantasiha sa. 991 thI 7 varSa ema sAta rAna kula 196 varSa 2Ajya karI gayA. caulukaya kAlanA kavioe tathA saltanatakAlanA pramadhakArAe cApeAkaTa ane caulukaya vazanA rAonAM carita nirUpyAM che, prakhadhAmAM tenA rAjyakAlanI vigatA ya ApavAmAM AvI che. cApAtkaTa vaMza mATe be bhinna anuzruti pracalita che, te paikI ra Mgavijaya khIjI anuzrutine anusare che. A anuzruti prabandhacintAmaNi' 'kumArapAlaprabandha', 'pravacana parIkSA' ane 'mirAte ahamadImAM' ApelI che, te AgaLa jatAM 'ratnamALa' paNu e ja Ape che. vicArazreNI pahelI anuzrutine anusare che; cApAkaTa vazaneA rAjyakAla sa. 821 thI 1017 Ape che. cApAkaTa va'zanA aMta vi. saM. 998 mAM Avye e sunizcita che, paraMtu ene AraMbha vi. saM. 802 mAM thayA ne e vaMza kula 196 varSI sattArUDha rahyo e tulanAtmaka kAlagaNuMnAnI dRSTie zakAspada jaNAyu` che. jayazikharInA sama kAlIna Ama rAA I. sa. 792-833 mAM ane vanarAjanA samakAlIna bheja I. sa. 836-885 mAM rAjaya karI gayA te parathI te cApotkaTa vaMzanA rAjyakAla kharekhara vi. saM. 902 thI 998 arthAt 96 vaSa~tA hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. ragavijayanA samayamAM A tulanAtmaka kAlagaNanAnI saMzodhanaSTi vikasI nahAtI. 9. 2'vijaya caulukaya vaMzamAM mUlarAja-vi. saM. 998thI 55 varSoM, cAmu`DarAja-sa. 1013thI 17 varSI, vallabharAja-saM. 1066mAM 6 mahinA, dula`bharAjasa. 1066 thI 11 / / va, bhImadeva-- sa. 1008 thI 42 varSI, kaNu devasa'. 1120 thI 30 varSe, siddharAja jayasiMha-sa. 1150 thI 49 varSa, kumArapAla sa'. 1199 thI 31 varSa, ajayapAla sa. 1230 thI 3 varSAM mUlarAja sa. 1233 thI 67 varSa, e rIte 11 rAjAoe kula 300 varSa rAjya kayu`' ema jAve che. e sAmAnya rIte dareka rAjAnI vigata ekeka zlAkamAM ja Ave che, paraMtu rAjA kumArapAla mATe e 11 leAka Ape che. raMgavijaya 'praba'dha-ci'tAmaNi'mAM Apela vRttAMtane anusare che. kumArapAlanA rAjyakAlanA aMta vi. saM. 1230 mAM nahi, paNa 'vicArazreNI' jaNAve che tema vi. saM. 1229 mAM AbhyA hatA evuM ajaya 'vahecAnana zAvarI' pramANita itihAsanI dRSTie] [LT For Private and Personal Use Only

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pAlanA saM. 1229 nA abhilekha parathI mAlUma paDayu che. A anusAra vicArazreNI pramANe ajayapAle sa. 129 thI 1232 sudhI rAjya karyuM" gaNuAya. mUlarAja 2 nA rAjyakAla .'praznadha ciMtAmaNimAM sa 1233 thI 1235 ane viAzreNImAM saM. 1232 thI 1234 jaNuAbyA che. te pachI bhImadeva 2 jue nyUjya karyu. evu' anya sa` prAcIna graMthA jAve che. mane lAge che ke ra'gavijayanA kAvyamAM ke enI pratibhAmAM RRlarAjane lagatA leAkanI zrIjI pAkti ane e pachI bhImadevane lagatA zlokanI pahelI paMkti chUTI gaI che. rAjAe 11 thayA ne kula rAjyakAla 300 varSanA hatA e vigatAnI meLa nA ja saLe tema che. bhImadeva 2 na pachI tribhuvanapAle e vaSa rAjya karyu hatu.. prabhudha-ciMtAmaNi, vicAzreNI vagere graMthAmAM A rAjAne nirdeza karAyA nathI, e anusAra r'gavijaya paNu karatA nathI. paraMtu keTalIka paTTAvalIe tribhuvanapAlane nirdeza kare che te enuM saM. 1299 nuM dAnazAsana prApta thayuM che. AthI mUlarAjanA vazanA aMta sa. 1298mAM nahi, pazu kharI rIte saM. 1300 mAM AvyA hatA. 10. pachI ragavijaya vAdhelA vaMzanA vRttAMtamAM vIradhavala-sa', 1298 thI 10 varSI, vIsaladeva-sa'. . 1308 thI 18 varSa, ajunadeva-sa. 1326 thI 14 varSa, sAraMgadeva-sa. 1740 thI 21 varSI ane kadeva-sa. 1761 thI 7 varSI ema eka dare sa. 1298 thI 1368 sudhI rAjya karI gayAnuM jaNAve che. kavi rAjA vIradhavalanA saMdarbhamAM mahAmAtya vastupAla-tejapAlane nirdeza kare che te vIsaladevanA saMdarbhamAM eNe vIsalanagara vasAvyu. te darzAvatImAM killA badhAvyA temaja enA samayamAM jagadgu zeTha thayA evI vigata Ape che e noMdhapAtra che: pramANita aMtihAsanA AdhAre vAdhelAnA caulukya vaMzanA AraMbha aNuhilavADamAM vIsaladevathI sa. 1300 mAM thayA hatA, vIradhavala te mAtra dhALakAnA rANA hatA te sa. 1294mAM mRtyu pAmyA hatA. vIsaladeva tribhuvanapAla pachI sa` 1300 mAM aNuhilavADanI gAdIe AvyA hatA. eNe tyAM 18 varSa rAjya karyu hatuM, paNu sa, 1318 sudhI vIradhavalA nirdeza jaina anuzrutimAM vastupAla-tejapAlanA kAraNe mahattva pAmyA. lAge che. jagaDU zAhe vIsaladevanA samayamAM saM. 1312-15nA dukALamAM lokone NI madada karI hatI. ajunadeve sa. 1318 thI 1331, sAra'gadeve sa'. 1331 thI 1453 ane kahyu deve sa. 1353 thI 1360 sudhI rAjya karyu. evuM 'vicArazreNI' jaNAve che te vadhu zraddheya jaNAyuM che. Ama vAdhelA vaMza ragavijya jaNAve che tema 70 varSa nahi, paNa kharI rIte 60 va aNahilavADamAM sattArUDha rahyo hatA. 10. raMgavijaya gUjaradezamAM pattanapuramAM (pATamAM) saM. 1368 thI yavaneAnu` rAjya pratyu hAvAnu jaNAvI khadarazAha khilacI saM. 1368 thI 33 varSI 9 mahinA, mubArakhazAha sa. 142 thI 5 15, nilazA sa. 1421 thI 1 varSa 7 mahinA toya sa. 1422 thI 3 varSa 5 mahinA, mahemudazAha sa 145 thI 7 varSa 3 mahinA, vaDhAvuddIna sa', 1433 thI 13 varSa, alAvaddIna sa 1446 thI 7 varSI, zarakI siA sa. 1449 thI 13 varSa, bahaleAla sudhI sa. 1462 thI 42 varSI, sika dara sa. 1508 thI 30 varSa 9 mahinA ane ibharAIma saM. 1538 thI 8 varSa 7 mahinA rAjya karI gayAnu jaNAve che. pachI e bAkhara sa. 1546 thI 7 va cha mahinA, humAu sa. 1553 thI 10 varSI, zerazAha saM. 1563thI 62 mAsa, sAlimazAha sa. 1568 thI 8 varSa 9 mahinA, pIsa zAha sa. 1577 thI 8 varSa 7 mahinA, mammunnati sa'. 1585 thI 2 varSa, abharAyamahama-sa 1587thI 1 varSa 9 mahinA, sika`dara sa. 1588 thI 7 varSa cha mahinA, te humAu sa. 1595 thI cha va cha mahinA sattArUDha rahyAnuM jaNAvyu che. 84] [sAmIpya AkaTo., '92-mA', 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gujarAtamAM I.sa. 1304 thI 1573 sudhI saltanatanI hamata rahI. zarUAtamAM hirahI salatanatanI ane pachI gujarAtanI svataMtra salatanatanI. A samayagALA aMge raMgavijaye je mAhitI ApI che tene srota zo haze te jANavA maLyuM nathI. paraMtu enI vigatemAM eTalI badhI garabaDa rahelI che ke jenuM vilejaNAtmaka vivecana karavuM bhAgye ja lekhe lAge raMgavijaya A yavana rAjAone vRttAMta saM. 1368(I.sa. 1711)thI arthAta khalajI vaMzanA samayathI zarU kare che, paraMtu emAM prathama sulatAna alAuddInane badale khidarazAha gaNAve che. je e alAuddInane zAhajAde khijarakhAna uddiSTa hoya te ene sulatAna banavAnuM prApta ja thayuM hatuM. mubArakhazAha e muddIna mubAraka zAha che, paNa samasadIna khirAma e DigayAsudIna taghaluka haze ? ne nizA ? tahesUla spaSTataH taimara che, ene samaya jharsa varSa jeTalo vahe apAve che, mahammadazAha e nAsiba mahamUda che. enA samayamAM gujarAtamAM jaMtra salatanatanI hakumata zarU thaI, chatAM raMgavijaya ane bhedo vaMsana ja vahI vAMce che ! ne pachI bhAbhara humAyu ane zirohanI vAta kare che ne pachI siMkadara lodI ane humAyunI punarukti kare che ke AmAM siMkadara mATe ApelAM varSo pahelI vAramAM vila ane cha vAramAM moDI paDe che; humAyunAM varSo pahelI vAranAM vahelAM che, bIjI vAranAM kaMI baMdha bese tevAM che. vaccenA bIjA ghaNu sulatAnane oLakhavA muzkela che. 11. ravijaye mughala bAdazAha akabara ane enA uttarAdhikArIo vize nedhe che ke bAbara jalAladIne saM. 1603 thI 50 varSa 7 mahinA rAjya kayune e hIravijayarinA uparathI dezamAM dara varSe cha mAsa amArSi ramAvI dhArmika rAjA tarIke yaza prApta karyo pachI jahAMgIre saM. 164 thI 22 varSa cha mahinA, zAhajane saM. 1676 thI 8 varSa, ArAe saM. 178 thI para varSa ane bahAdurazAhe saM. 1761 thI 100 ? 1) vara rAjaya karyuM. e pachI traNa varSa niyika rAjya rahyuM. pachI phIra rAjAe saM. 164 thI 5 varSa ane mammuda rAjAe saM. 1769 thI 30 varSa rAja karyuM. e pachI (saM. 1880 thI) ahammada, alimagara ane Aliora nAme thavana rAjA thayA. raMgavice A sulatAmAM rAjyakAlanAM varSa AcAM nI. raMgavijaya satata kAlanA sulatAnonI sarakhAmaNIe mulala vaMzanA rAjAonI vigata ekadare ki Ave che. alabatta teonAM rAjyakAlanAM ApelAM varSomAM pAMca dasa varSanI bhUla hovAnuM malama paDe che. bahAdurazAha pachI jahAMdarazAhe eka varSa amala karela. pharUkhasiyara ane muhammadazAhanI vacce ekavarSamAM bIjA paNa bAdazAha thaI gayA. teonA rAjyakAla dhaNuM TUMkA hoI ahI' ApyA nathI te cAle tema che. pachI ahamadazAhe I. sa. 1788 thI 1754 sudhI ane AlamagIra 2 jAeM I. sa. 1754 thI 1759 sudhI rAjya kareluM. e daramyAna 1758 mAM gujarAtanuM pATanagara amadAvAda marAThAoe sara karI ' lIdhuM ne tyArathI gujarAtanA itihAsamAM marAThA kAla pravA. raMgavijaye gUjaradezanI rAjavaMzAvalI saM. 1865 (I. sa. 1809)mAM racI tyAre 60 varSa (I. sa. 1758-1818nA e mama kAlanA pacAseka - varSa vItI cukayAM hatAM. e daramyAna gujarAtamAM pezavAonI tathA gAyakavADosa sasA vatI hatI. paraMtu * raMgavijaya pitAnA racanA samayanI najIkanA A pAMca dasakAonA rAjAo viza kaI ja mAhitI epatAthI. ' '' Ama chatAM 'gavijaye e samayanAM upalabdha apa sAdhanA AdhAre ya bhUjanA rAjJAnI eTalA laI kAlane lagatI je saLaga rUparakhA AlekhI che ne cheke mahAvIra svAmInA nivAraNa (isa. 5 pachI thI mAMDIne cheka lagabhaga I. sa. 1760 sudhInA rAjAonAM nAma tathA sajyakAlane lagatI vigate anuzruti anusAra sAMkaLI ApI che e kharekhara dAda mAge te yuddhatha gAya ahIM to arvAcIna kAlanAM adyatana sAdhano ane saMzodhananA AdhAre hAla itihAsamAM je vigate mAsipAli thaI che tene anulakSIne marAThAkAlamAM racAyelI A kRtinI vigatone tapAsavAne uddeza rahe che. jUTharAva zAyarI pramANita itihAsanI daSTie For Private and Personal Use Only

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kaoNMgresanA kRSiviSayaka abhigama ane gujarAtanI caLavaLAmAM kisAna vaga * ramezakAMta parIkha+ 1885mAM jene akhila hi'nI rAjakIya saMsthA kahI zakAya tevI hiMdI rASTrIya mahAsabhA (inDiyA nezanala kaiMgresa)nI sthApanA mubaImAM thaI. temAM te samayanI briTiza-inDiyA eseAsiyezana, madrAsanI mahAjana sabhA, pUNenI sArvajanika sabhA, gujarAtanuM amadAvAda esesiyezana (gujarAta sabhA) vagere -rAjakIya ane a-dhArmika sasthAo je samAjanA ucca vargA, zaherI madhyamavarga ane vyavasAyI vargonI banelI hatI tene samAveza thatA hatA. Ama OMoNMgresamAM adha-rAjakIya saMgaThane nu ane aspaSTa evI rASTravAdI bhAvanA ke lAgaNIonu` vicitra mizraNa thayeluM hatuM. khIjI rIte kahIe tA briTiza adhikArIonA irAdAthI racAyelI kaeNoNMgresamAM paraspara virodhI hiteAnu, AzAnu' ane bhayanu mizraNa hatuM.... kaeNmisa mULabhUta rIte samAjanA agragaNya vargonA AgevAnAnI banelI saMsthA hatI. hiMdanI prathama rASTrIya caLavaLanA bhItaranA pravAhA hatA. dezamAM pAzcAtya zikSaNunA tathA svataMtratA, samAnatA ane badhRtvanA vicArAnA phelAvAe paNa temAM moTo bhAga bhajavyA hatA. te samayanA AgevAtA Adhunika lokazAhI, AkzavAda ane iMglenDanA suprasiddha rAjanItijJa gleDasTananI udAravAdI vicArasaraNIthI prabhAvita thayelA hatA.2 la'DananA eka dainikapatranA jaNAvyA anusAra te sthAna meLavanArA Icchuka hatA. eka- rAjakIya ramatagamata maMDaLa pAliTikala sporTasa kalaba)nI jema keMoNMgresa satA sthAneA mATe briTiza lavAdIe (ampAyarsa') pAsethI bane teTalA vadhu lAbha meLavavA mATenI sasthA banI. briTiza sattAvALAoe paNa temane asamAna rIte evA badlA ApyA ke jenAthI tenA sabhyAnA jUthe ekakhIjAthI alaga vibhAjita rahe ane temAM ekatA na sthapAya.3 kAMgresa tenAmAM vyApelAM AMtarika bANA ane niyatraNAne lIdhe tenA vArSika adhivezanAmAM je TharAve! pasAra karatI temAM vikasatA jatA zaherI madhyamavarganI athavA rASTrIya upalA sAdhana sapanna vargInI smAzAe ane AkAMkSA vyakta thatI hatI. temAM AmajanatAnA hitAnI avagaNunA karavAmAM AvatI hAvAnu` spaSTa dekhAya che. Ama 1885 thI 1920 sudhInA samayamAM OMAMgresa tenI zizu avasthAthI mAMDIne bALapaNu ane yuvAnInA samayamAM AMtarika qhANA, niyaMtraNA ane sakucita dRSTine kAraNe nabaLI paDatI gaI. briTiza sAmrAjyavAda sAthe tenuM valaNa sahakAra sAdhavAnuM rahyuM. dezamAM kha`Da, AMdelane vadhatAM gayAM. A bAbatamAM e paNu jaNAya che ke AraMbhanA samayamAM dezanI sAmAjika ane Arthika kSetranI mULabhUta samasyAo pratye koMgresanI nIti dvidhAyukta hatI. temAM kRSi viSayaka bAbatA pratye tenI niSkriyatA hatI. meMgresamAMnI netAgIrI samAjanA agrima kakSAnA vaga nI hatI . briTiza saMsthAnavAdI zAsana hiMdunu` mUlyavAna gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanA kalakattAmAM tA. 25 thI 27 navembara 1988 mAM yojAyelA 15 mA adhivezanamAM rajU karelA 'sazASana lekha. + nivRtta vaDA, itihAsa vibhAga, saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa 6] [sAmIpya : AkA.' '92-mA', 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMpatti-dhana dezanI bahAra dhasaDI jAya che ane tethI dezanI garIbAI ane pachAtapaNe mATe javAbadAra che ema A varga mAnatA hovA chatAM, te Ama janatAnA koI eka jUtha ke kaI bhAganA lokonA Arthika zoSaNanA prazna para laData calAvavA mAgatI na hatI, e paNa spaSTa che. ' gresanI khetIviSayaka nIti jamInadAre ane zrImaMta kheDUtonA hitonuM rakSaNa karavA ane tenI gaLavaNI tarapha kendrita banI. e zrImaMta ane sAdhana saMpanna vargonI mAgaNI, je prazna temanI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvato hato te jamIna mahela ghaTADavA mATenI hatI. be samakAlIna kheta netAe ena. che. raMgA ane svAmI sahajAnaMda svAmI mujaba 1920 sudhInA rASTrIya netAoe uttarapradeza, madhyaprAMta, orissA, bihAra, baMgALa, AsAma ane madrAsanA karoDo jamInadArI gaNetiyAonA bhAvi pratye sadaMtara mauna rahevAnuM pasaMda karyuM. sarakAre je je gaNotadhArAo pasAra karyA hatA tene hetuM bhADuM-bharanAra gaNetiyAone bhege gAmaDAomAM navA agraNuM varganA hitanI jALavaNI karavA mATe hato. noMdhanIya e che ke 1920 pachI khetIviSayaka caLavaLe je vizeSa karIne jamInadArI vistAromAM thaI hatI, te gaNetiyAonA saMgharSo hatA. e saMdharSanuM mukhya nizAna khetIviSayaka paddhati sAme hatuM. 1915 mAM gAMdhIjInuM hiMdamAM Agamana thayA pachI rAjakAraNamAM zaherI vANijaya, vepArI ane audyogika mUDIvAdIo tathA kheDUta varga vacce prathamavAra ja saMbaMdhanI kaDI baMdhAI. gAMdhIjIe dezanI navaracanAnA kAryakramamAM sAmAjika ane sAMskRtika mUlya prasthApita karavA ane grAmyajIvanamAM punaH cetana pragaTAvavA para bhAra Apyo. "bhUtakALa tarata pAchA vaLe AlAvAdI detuM jALavavA mATe ane samAjamAM aspRzyatA jevA sadIo jUnA sAmAjika duSaNane nAbUda karavAnI hAkalathI temaNe grAmya samudAyane rASTrIya caLavaLamAM AkaLe, ' , ' Ama gAMdhIjIe AraMbhanA samayamAM je mahattvapUrNa phALo Apyo tene be rIte mulavI zakAya. prathama to e ke temane samajAyuM ke rASTravAdI bhAvanA jAgRta karavAmAM ane sAmAjika navaMracanAnuM kArya karavAmAM tatkAlIna samAjanI agragaNya netAgIrI e je dRSTikaeNNa ane valaNa apanAvyAM che te barAbara nathI. zAhIvAda sAmenI laDatamAM grAmya samAja ane kheDUta varganI atyAra sudhI keMgrese avagaNanA karI che. temane rASTrIya laDatamAM sAthe rAkhavAmAM nahi Ave te briTiza zAhIvAda sAmenI laDatane saphaLatA maLavAnI zakayatA nathI. tethI gAMdhIjIe grAmya samAjanA vargone rAjakIya dRSTie saMgaThita karavAnA ane temane dezanI saSTrIya caLavaLanI agrima netAgIrI tarapha AkarSavAne kAryakrama banAvavA ane tene amala karavA para bhAra Apo.' bIju e ke, gAMdhIjIe AvA kAryanI sAthe sAthe dezanI koI Arthika ane sAmAjika navarathanA mATe cekasa svarUpanA hetuo nakI karyA na hatA. temaja tenA amala mATe vacanabaddha rahevAnuM khUbIpUrvaka TALyuM hatuM. Ama gAMdhIjIe Arthika kSetra uddAmavAdI parivartana lAvavAnuM TALyuM. kAraNa ke, ema karavA tAM dezanA udyogapatio, mila-mAlike, jamInadAro, jAgIradAro je dhanika varga pratiSI bane athavA temanA hitone nukazAna thAya tevA pheraphArono sAmano kare ane pariNAme rASTrIya caLavaLamAM bhAgalA paDe. pitAnI "ahiMsaka laData" jemAM rAjakIya rUpane naitika siddhAMta hato tene paNa bhaMga thAya tema paNa hatuM. kesane kaSiviSayaka abhigama ane gujarAtanI caLavaLamAM kisAna vaga]. [87 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gAMdhIjIe rASTrIya caLavaLamAM rAjasIya kSetramAM cAmAhAra, svarAja, svadezI (carakhA dvArA svAzrayI banavA jevI pravrutti)ane satyAgraha jevA ahiMsaka kAyakrame, hRkhala karyA, e kAryakramA dezabharanA kheDUtA ane gAmaDAnA kArIgara vargA jevA grAmya samudAyane gamyA, paNa gAMdhIjInA AvA Arthika kAyo grAmya samudAyanI jarUriyAtAne satASI zake tevA na hatA e spaSTa hatuM. ema chatAM gAMdhIjIe potAnA virala ane tejasvI vyaktitvathI grAmya samudAyane jagADayo ane cetanava MtA manAo. pazu kheDUtAnI sthiti sudharI zake tevA kheDUtanA gIna ane khetImika sabhadhamAM pazrvitana lAvA mATe zAMtItho ceDA pramANamAM paNa nedhamAtra nAyara na karyuM.... ema chatAM, koMgrese gAMdhI yugamAM kheDUtAne sahita karavA tarapha dhyAna Apyu. eriTana maranA matanya pramANe hinA kheDUtA je 'AjJApAlaka' hatA temanA ane koMgresa vaccenA sadha gAMdhIjInI ahiMsA dvArA ja racAye! ane cAlu rahyo, upalA varga kheDUtAnI zAMtimya caLavaLa sAthe samApAnabharI rIte vaoN. gAMdhIthro hiMmAM AvyA (janyuArI, 1915) pachI amadAvAmAM vasavAta karI sarakha parAmAM satyAgrahAzramanI sthApnA karI (me, 1915). eka vaSa~ sudhI rAjakIya pravRttiomAM paDayA vagara pravAsa kheDIne dezanI sAcI paristhitinu avalAkana karyuM". pakSanA ezilamAM gAMdhIe soMpAraNamAM gaLInA kheDUtone sa MgaThita karavA. AMdolana calAvyuM mArA jillAmAM jamInavarAe potAnI nasIrA briTiza bagIcAvALAne paDethI ApI hatI. gI vALA agrejoe jyAre tyAMnA kheDUta paranA bhAAM 'tIya kriyA' paddhati heThaLa vadhAryA, tyAre kheDUtonA asASa ugra banyA. vIsamI sadInA AraMbhamAM gaLA udyogamAM jhaDapI maMdI AvatAM, e mAliktae bhADu` vadhAre vadhAyu".. bhADA uparAMta e aMgreja mAlikAe vadhArAnA kara paNu kheDUta pAsethI vasUla karyAM. AnA pariNAme garIba kheDUtAnI sthiti vadhu kaphoDI banI, cAMNIe kheDatA sAthe sIdhA saMbaMdha sthApavAnI navA prakAranI paddhati apanAvI. jemAM temaNe gAmaDe gAmaDe jaI te kheDUtA pAsethI pUrAvA ekaThA karyA. caLavaLa eTalI ugna banI ke briTiza sarakArane amArA eriyana eNkaTa 1917mAM pasAra karI 'tIyakiyA'ne gerakAyadesara TharAvI anya karaverA dhAyA. gAMdhIjIe sarakAranA AvA samAdhAtA svIkAra karyo, kAraNa ke temaNe jema ke kheDUtA ane mAlikaNe sAthe sAthe ja rahevAnu che. jethI, e samAdhAna svIkAravAthI brUnene 'zata: lAbha che, jo ke tenAthI mAliko ane kheDUte tene asatASa rahyo hatA. paraMtu enuM sIdhu parima e ANyu ke gAMdhIz2a eka lokapriya netA banI gayA. gAMdhIjInA dvimAM A pahelA sarakAra sAmenA TaMkArava hatA. cAraNanA satyAgraha pachI gAMdhIjIe gujatamAM joDA nikalamAM jmIna mahemAnA prazna para 1918 mAM satyAgrahuM karyAM. gujarAtamAM kheDUte sarakArane ja jamIna mahesUla sIdhA bhare tevI raiyatArI paddhati hatI. 1917mAM kheDA jillAmAM ativRSTinA kAraNe pAka nAza pAmyA. dukALa jevI sthiti sAdhaka jillAnA pATIAra kheDUtae jamIna mahesUla mApha karAvavA prayAseA karyo, paNa pA cAra AnI eTale ke 25 TakA karatA vadhu thayA hovAnuM sarakArI sAMkaDA kahetA hatA. tethI jamIna mahesUla mApha karavA sAre prakAra karyAM hatA. gAMdhIjIe pUratI tapAsa karAvyA bAda joyu ke kheDutA sAcA hatA. AthI temaNe 1918 mAM satyAgraha zarU karyAM (mA` 22), 4] [sAmIpsaH che. '9-mA', 1993] For Private and Personal Use Only

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sthAnika netAonI doravaNI ane protsAhanathI kheDUtoe jamInamahesUla koIpaNa saMjogomAM nahi bharavAnI pratijJA lIdhI. sarakAre jamInamahesUla vasula levA jamIna, dhara, dharavakharI, pazudhana japta karI tene harAjI karavA jevA kaDaka ane jalamabharyA pagalAM lIdhA. paraMtu kheDUta ane leke makkama rahyA ane joradAra sAmano karyo. aMte sarakAre samAdhAnanI rIta apanAvI narama valaNa batAvyuM. kheDAnI laData pariNAmanI daSTie nahi, paNa siddhAMtanI daSTie mahattvanI banI rahI. gAMdhIjI garIba kheDUtonA pakSe rahyA; kAraNa ke temane pAkanI niSphaLatAthI bhAre asara thaI hatI. gAMdhIjIe zrImaMta pATIdArone paNa temanA tarapha kheMcyA. A laDatathI kheDUtavarganI jAgRtine ane emanI rAjakAraNanI keLavaNIno AraMbha thayo. bIjI rIte joIe te, kheDUta jIvanamAM zikSita vagana ane svayaMsevakone kharo praveza A laDatathI ja thaye. kheDUtone sarakAra taraphane bhaya ane bhaDaka je lAgatA hatA A satyAgrahathI jatA rahyA. | gujarAtamAM 1928 ne bAraDolI kheDUta satyAgraha mahattvapUrNa banI rahyo tenuM mukhya kAraNa muMbaI sarakAranI jamIna mahesUlanI bhUlabharelI AkAraNI paddhati hatuM. reyatavArI paddhati heThaLa dara trIsa varSe kheDatonI Arthika sthitinI tapAsa karI jamIna mahesUla AkAraNamAM sudhAro karavAnI rIta pracalita hatI. bAraDolI tAlukAmAM 1926 mAM trIsa varSanI mukta pUrI thatI hatI. tethI tyAM jamIna-mahesUlanI AkAraNI 30 TakA vadhAravAmAM AvI. suratanA bina anubhavI DepyuTI kalekaTara je seTalamenTa ophisara paNa hatA te zrI jayakare A kArya karyuM. muMbaInA seTalamenTa kamizanara enDarasane te mAnya na rAkhatAM gaNota para AdhArita potAnI rIte AkAraNInuM kAma karyuM. A prakAranA be ahevAlothI muMbaI sarakAre AkhA tAlukAnuM mahesula lagabhaga 29 TakA vadhu nakkI karyuM. AthI samagra tAlukAmAM bhAre kacavATa phelAyo. prajAnI mAgaNI phera-AMkaNI karavA mATenI hatI. gAMdhIjIe A bAbatanI tapAsa saradAra vallabhabhAIne soMpI. temaNe puratI tapAsa karyA bAda ugra laData calAvI. A laDatamAM gujarAta ane saurASTranA vividha bhAgomAMthI bhAga levA mATe ghaNuM lekasevake AvyA hatA. tAlukAnA lokoe sara. julama-atyAcAra sahana karyA paNa macaka ApI nahi. chevaTe sarakArane samAdhAna para AvavAnI pharaja paDI. savA cha TakAthI mahela vadhavuM na joIe tevuM sarakAra taraphathI jAhera thatAM satyAgrahane aMta prajAnI tarapheNamAM AvyuM. bAraDolI satyAgraha khetamajUre, gatiyAo ane jamIna-mAlike, rAnIparaja tathA ujaLiyAta ke. hinduo, maslimo, vagerene eka karyA hatAM. A laData svarAjya ke savinaya kAnUna bhaMga karavAM mATe na hatI. paraMtu te mAtra kheDUtanI phariyAda sarakAra samakSa pahoMcADavA ane saMbhaLAvavA puratI hatI. A laDatanuM pariNAma rASTrIya kakSAe je AvyuM te e hatuM ke samagra dezamAM bAraDolI jevI ugra laData-zakti apanAvo (Bardolise India)nI bhAvanA ane nAda gUMjatA thayAM. ' bAraDolI satyAgrahanI saphaLatAnI asara saurASTranA machu kAMThAnA pachAta vistAramAM AvelA nAnI kakSAnA dezI rAjya mALiyAnA kheDUto para thaI. tyAMnA darabAranI kheDUto pAse veTha karAvavAnI vividha prakAranI sakhatAIbharI ane julamI nItithI trAsI uThelA kheDUtoe phulacaMdabhAI zAha, zivAnaMdajI, maganalAla pAnAcaMda jevA prajAsevakonI rAhabarI heThaLa satyAgraha karyo (navembara 27, 1929). e prajAsevakoe bAraDolI satyAgrahamAM pratyakSa bhAga lIdhela hato. dezI rAjayamAM thayelA A satyAgrahane sahAnubhUti kesine kRSiviSayaka abhigama ane gujarAtanI caLavaLamAM kisAna vaga] [88 For Private and Personal Use Only

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prApta thaI hatI. chevaTe kheDUto ane prajAne saMtoSa thAya tevA samAdhAna para AvavAnI mALiyAnA darabArane pharaja paDI hatI. Ama eka dezI rAjyamAM tyAMnA zAsakanI veTha karAvavA jevI julamI nItine virodha karavAmAM satyAgrahanuM zastra kheDUta zakti dvArA ajamAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. - 1930 nA mIThA--satyAgrahanA samayamAM jyAre gAMdhIjI ane saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela jelamAM hatA tyAre bAraDolImAM pharI vAra kheDuta zakti pradarzita karavAmAM AvI. tyAMnA kAryakartA kuMvarajIbhAI ane emanA sAthIoe bAraDolI tAlukAmAM kheDUtonI sabhA belAvI nAkaranI laData zarU karI. kAryakatAo bhUgarbha rahyA. temaNe kheDUtone temanI gharavakharI sAthe paDazamAM AvelA gAyakavADI rAjyanI sarahadamAM hijarata karAvI (1970 nA oNkaTobaranA madhyabhAgathI 1931 nA mArcanI 15 mI sudhI) briTiza sarakAra sAme laData ApI. gAMdhIjI ane saradAra jelamAMthI chUTI bAraDolI AvyA tyAre hijaratI kheDUtone mAnabhera temanA vatanamAM lAvyA hatA. A samayamAM carotaranA rAsa gAmanA lokoe paNa sthAnika nAnA moTA netAonA prAtsAhana ane mArgadarzana heThaLa nAkaranI laData calAvI mahesUla bharyuM na hatuM. A svayaMbhU laData dilhI sarakAranuM ja nahi, 5Nu IMglenDamAM agrIma kakSAnA netAonuM dhyAna kheMcyuM hatuM.' - 1932 mAM zarUAtathI sAta mahinAnA samaya daramiyAnanA satyAgrahomAM kheDA ane paMcamahAla jillAnA kheDUto sAmela thayA hatA. sarakArI kara ke daMDa na bharanAranI jamIna, bheMsa, baLada tathA gharavakharI japtImAM laI tenI najIvI kiMmate harAjI karavA jevAM pagalAM sarakAre lIdhAM hatAM je 1930 karatAM vadhu AkarA hatAM.11 satyAgrahanI bAbatamAM koMgresanI nIti ane gAMdhIjInI vicArasaraNI eka hatAM. 1937nA kejhapura adhivezanamAM koMgresa 1935 nA gavamenTa opha inDiAnA dhArA heThaLa prAMtamAM cUMTaNIomAM bhAga levAnuM TharAvyuM. te aMge bahAra pADavAmAM AvelA DhaDherAmAM kheDUtonI sthiti sudhAravA gata ane mahesulanA kAyadA karavA, kheta majUronI rejIno dara vadhAravA jevI bAbatono samAveza karavAmAM Avyo hato. koMgresanI beDUtavarga pratyenI nItirItiothI asaMtuSTa thaIne AcArya narendradeva, yusupha maheraalI, azoka mahetA, jayaprakAza nArAyaNa, acuta paTavardhana jevAe ekatra thaI kaeNgrisa samAjavAdI pakSanI sthApanA karI. 1934 mAM mArcanI 13 mIe vaDodarAmAM temanI maLelI beThaka bAda A pakSa astitvamAM Avyo hato. gujarAtamAM samAjavAdIomAM ane sAmyavAdIoe kheDA jillAmAM mAtara, borasada ane . ANaMda tAlukAomAM tathA surata jillAmAM mAMgaroLa ane mAMDavI tAlukAomAM kAmadAra ane kheData vargomAM ane paMcamahAla jillAmAM bhIla ane AdivAsIomAM temaja haLapati, ThAkara, bAreyA vagaranA kisAnomAM potAnI vaga jamAvI hatI.12 mAtara, vyArA, lIbaDI jevA sthaLoe kisAna pariSada coine gajarAtanA netAoe jamInadAro viruddha khetamajUro, gaNetiyAone tathA kheDUtone rakSaNa ApavA sarakAra samakSa joradAra mAgaNIo mUkI hatI. IndulAla yAjJika, De. sumaMta mahetA, kamaLAzaMkara paMDayA, narahari parIkha, jugatarAma dave vageree nedhapAtra kAmagIrI karI hatI. bIjI bAjue kesa pradhAnamaMDaLe gaNotadhAre ane RNarAhatadhAre pasAra karIne kisAnone rAhata ApavA prayAsa karyo hato. 90), [sAmIpya: okaTo., '82-mArca, 1993 , For Private and Personal Use Only

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briTiza jillAomAM kisAno ane kAmadAromAM jAgRti AvI hatI. enI asara rUpe rAjakoTa lIbaDI, pAlItANA, bhAvanagara, IDara, mANasA, luNAvADa vagerene dezI rAjyamAM sthAyelAM prajamaMDaLAe kheDUtonA prazno hAtha para laI temanI sAme thaI rahelA anyAya viruddha joradAra jhUMbeza ane ane caLavaLa zarU karI hatI. AvA saMjogomAM dezI rAjyonI AMtarika bAbatamAM ramiyAnagIrI na karavAnI ane taTasthatA jALavavavAnI nIti koMgresane choDI devA pharaja paDI. e pachI dezI rAjyamAM tenI sIdhI daramiyAnagIrI cAlu thaI. 1937 nI cUMTaNI DhaMDherAmAM vacana ApyA mujaba muMbaI rAjyanA keMgresa pradhAnamaMDaLe 1938 nA okaTobaramAM kAyado karI bAraDolI, borasada jevA tAlukAo jyAM nA-karanI laData daramiyAna kheDUtonI jamIne harAja thaI hatI te temanA kharIdanArAo pAsethI sarakArI kharce vecAtI laI mULa mAlikone parata ApavA TharAvyuM ane kAryavAhI karI hatI. kheDA jillAmAM paNa A pramANe karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. koMgresanuM adhivezana surata jillAnA haripura mukAme subhASacaMdra bojhanA pramukhapade yojAyuM (.. phebruArI, 1938). te samaye tyAM kheDUto mATe khAsa rasoDuM kholavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. IndulAla yAjJika, De. sumaMta mahetA jevA netAonI AgevAnI nIce gujarAtanA kheDUtoe temanI samasyAo tarapha adhivezanamAM bhAga lenArAonuM dhyAna kheMcavA jaMgI relI yojI hatI ane temanuM mAgaNIpatraka rajU karyuM hatuM.. koMgrese kheDUtonA prazno ane kheDUta caLavaLa pratye 1930 thI 1947 sudhI je valaNa apanAvyuM , te ekaMdara vimukha5NunuM hatuM. 1947mAM koMgrese jamInadArI nAbUda karavAne karAva karyo ema chatAM tenuM valaNa zrImaMta kheDUtone pakSa levAnuM rahyuM. paMDita maheranI koMgresanI sarakAranA samayamAM bhAratamAM kheDUta caLavaLane visphoTa na thayo tene mATe keTalAMka paribaLe javAbadAra gaNI zakAya. e samayamAM khetIudAgamAM AdhunikaraNa dAkhala thavAthI sthiratA AvI hatI. khetI ane siMcAIna kSetramAM moTA pramANamAM kharca karavAnuM zarU karyuM hatuM. eka bAjue sarakArI rAhe jamInadArI ane jAgIradArI paddhatio nAbUda karavAnI ane gaNota dhArAono amala karavAnI prakriyA thavAthI gAmaDAnA kheDUtomAM temanA lAbhamAM sarakAra kAma karI rahI che evI bhramaNA pedA thaI hatI. te bIjI bAjue khetIvADImAM dhanADhya kheDUtanA 5raspara ane sarakAra saMbaMdho vistAra jatA hatA. pariNAme dhanAlya kheDUte tathA jamInadArono zaktizALI vaga kheDUta samAjamAM sarvoccastare Ubhe thaye. paMDita naherunA zAsana pAchaLa te pIThabaLa tarIke rahyo ane naheru sarakArane bhAre TekedAra banI rahyo. (13) sarakAranI kRSiviSayaka yojanAo, dhArAo vagerene lAbha vizeSa karIne uccastaranA zrImaMta kheDUta vargane maLato rahyo. pAdaTIpa 2. O'Malley, L, S. S., Modern India and the West (Oxford, 1968), pp. 44 ff. and 138 ff. 2. Dhangara, D. N., Peasant Movements in India : 1920-1950 (Oxford, Delhi 1983), p. 44 sane kRSiviSayaka abhigama ane gujarAtanI caLavaLamAM kisAna vagara) (81 For Private and Personal Use Only

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3. Seal, Anil, The Emergence of India Nationalism Competition and Collaboration in the. Later Nineteenth Century (Cambridge, 1971), pp. 341 ff. X. Sitaramayya, P., The History of the Indian National Congress, 1; 1985-1935 (Delhi 1969), pp. 22 f.. 4. Ranga, N. G. and Saraswati, Swami Sahajanand : History of Kisan Movement : (All India Kisan Publication Madras). Mid-Nineteenth and Twentieth Cen turies (Calcutta, 1982), p. 27 $. Moore, B., Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy, (Penguin, 1967), Chapter-6. ' Brown, J., Gandhi's Rise to Power, 1915-22, p. 72 8. zAstrI, ha. gaM. ane parIkha, pra. ci. (saMpA.), gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa graMtha-9 mAM parIkha, 2. go. "rAjakIya gRti-briTiza mulakamAM (I. sa. 1915thI 1932), pR. 31 9. zAha, kAMtilAla, saurASTramAM gAMdhIjI' (rAjakoTa, 1972) pR. 114-117 10. desAI, za. ma"rASTrane svAtaMtrya saMgrAma ane gujarAta' (amadAvAda, 1972), pR. 232-234 11. rAjagara, zivaprasAda, gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa (amadAvAda-1974), pR. 57 12. paMDayA, kamaLAzaMkara, verAna jIvana, pR. 70-72 ane 76-77; uddhata zAstrI ha. gaM. ane parIkha pra. ci. (saMpAdita), "gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa : graMtha 9; - rAjagAra, zivaprasAda, "rAjakIya jAgRti : briTiza mulakamAM (I. sa. 1932-47) pR. 62 13. Moore, B, op cit, pp. 359 and 385; Sen, Sunil, op cit., p. 247 92] [ sAmIpya : okaTo., '82-mArca, 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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'sva sapAdita zilAlekha ane tAmrapatro : vigata ane vivecana, lekhaka che. hariprasAda gaM, zAstrI, prakAzaka : De. themasa paramAra, maMtrI, gujarAta ItihAsa pariSada, Co je. je. vidyAbhavana, 2. che. mA, amadAvAda-380 0 09, 1991, pRSTha saMkhyA 8+104. rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsanA talasparzI abhyAsa ane saMzodhana mATe abhilekho e atyaMta mahattvano purAvazeSIya srota che. gujarAtanA abhilekhomAM zilAlekho, tAmrapatralekho ane pratimAlekho vipula pramANamAM upalabdha thayA che, bhAratIya itihAsa ane saMskRtinA bahuzrata vidvAna ane yAtanAma abhilekhavidda che. hariprasAda zAstrInI kalame lakhAyela zilAlekho ane tAmrapatra : vigate ane vivecana' pustaka abhilekhavijJAna kSetre zreSTha koTinuM prakAzana che. OM zAstrIe 66 jeTalA prAcIna, madhya ane arvAcIna kAlanA aprasiddha abhilekhonuM vAcana, saMpAdana ane vivecana karI tene "jarnala oNpha eNrienTala InsTiTayUTa', vaDodarA, "jarnala oNpha dhI yunivarsiTI opha bombe', "svAdhyAya, "sAmI', 'vidyApITha', "phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA saimAsika "vallabha vidyAnagara saMzodhana patrikA', "bhAratIya vidyA", "kumAra", "pathika jevAM sAmayikemAM temaja dArakA sarvasaMgrahamAM judA judA samaye prakAzita karyA che. judA judA sthaLe chUTAchavAyA maLela kAlakramAnusAra ane vaMzavAra vargIkRta lekhasaMgraharUpe A graMthamAM prastuta karyA che. graMtha prakAzananI Arthika javAbadArI lekhake uMThavI che. - A graMthamAM saMgRhIta thayelA 66 lekho paikI kSetrapa kAlanA traNa (naM. 1-3), maitraka kAlanA 16 (naM. 4-19, anu-maitraka kAlanA 5 (na, 20-24), solaMkI kAlanA 14 (na'. 25-38), saltanata kAlanA 6 (naM. 39-44), mughala kAlanA 4 (naM. 45-48), marAThA kAlanA 2 (naM. 49-50), briTiza kAlanA 14 (naM. 11-64) ane anu-svAtaMtrya kAlanA 2 (na. 65-66) lekho daka abhilekhomAM 25 zilA para katarelA lekha che. (naM. 1, 2, 40 -2, 45-47, 49, 50 ane para-66), 35 tAmrapatro che (naM. 3-31, 33, 4, 43, 44, 48 ane pat). jyAre 6 rola pratimAlekho che. (naM. 32, 35-39). A abhilekho gujarAta, saurASTra ane kacchanAM vividha sthaLoethI upalabdha thayA che. pradeza vAra vibhAjana karatAM uttara gujarAtanA pradezamAMthI 10 (na.12, 35-4ra, 14, 16, 20, 22, 25, 29-31, 33 ane 34) madhya gujarAtamAMthI rara (naM. 10, 17, 32, 46, 47, 50 ane 59-66), dakSiNa gujarAtamAMthI 2 (naM. 8 ane 22). saurASTramAM mukhya saurASTramAMthI 4 (naM. 2, 7, 11 ane 13), dakSiNa saurASTramAMthI 4 (naM. 5, 9, 10) pUrve saurASTramAMthI be (naM. 4 ane 15, ane 54), pazcima saurASTramAMthI 12 (naM. 43-45, 48, 49, 5-13 ane 55-58) temaja uttara saurASTramAMthI 1 (naM. 6) tathA kacchanA pradezamAMthI 2 (naM. 1 ane 19) abhilekho maLyA che. jyAre thANA jillAmAMthI 5 (naM. 23, 24 ane 26-28) temaja indoramAMthI 1 (naM. 3) abhilekha prApta thayela che. A lekhasaMgrahamAMnA abhilekho prAkRta (saMskRta mizrita) saMskRta, jUnI ane arvAcIna gujarAtI, pArasI bolInI gujarAtI, vraja, mAravADI ane aMgrejI bhASAmAM lakhAyelA che, tathA kSatra pakAlIna ane maitrakakAlIna brAhmI lipimAM, uttara bhAratanI Adya nAgarI lipimAM, pazcima bhAratIya nAgarI lipimAM, gujarAtI lipimAM temaja romana lipimAM katarelA che, bhASA temaja lipinI daSTie paNa A abhilekhomAM vaiviSya jovA maLe che. samIkSA] For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAlagaNanAnI dRSTie A abhilekhonu` viziSTa mahattva che. judA judA abhilekhomAM vividha savatA prAjAyAM che. emAM zaka savata (naM. 1, 8, 19, 21 ane 26-28), kalacura saMvata (na. 3), gupta saMvata (naM. 18), valabhI sa'vata (naM. 4-7, 9-17 ane 2), vikrama saMvata (na: 25, 29-18, 61, 62 ane 66). jarathAsthIonA yagadI sana (naM. 59, 60, 63 ane 64) temaja IsavI sana (na. 65) jevA bhinna bhinna savatAmAM miMti darzAvAI che. e abhilekho (naM. 2 ane 24) miti vagaranA che. abhilekhomAM darzAvAyela mittiekamAM saMvatanI sAthe mAsa, pakSa, tithi ane keTalIka vAra vAranA prayAga thayelA jovA maLe che. kayAreka pava (caMdragrahaNa naM. 19, 21, 29 mahA vaizAkhI pava' na. 21, uttarAyaNu pa` naM. 30, 337), saMkrAMti (mAdha saMkrAMti na. 28, viSuva sakrAMti na. 22), uttarAyana (na. 46, 47 ane 49), Rtu (vasaMta na. 46, zizira naM. 47, hemaMta na'. 49), saMvatsara (pramAthi naM. 47, subhAnu naM. 50), nakSatra (svAti naM. 47, mRgazira naM. 49), yAga (dhruva na. 47, brahma na 49) ane karaNa (taitila naM. 47, khAlava naM. 49) te nirdeza Ave che. kayAreka vikma sa'vatanI sAthe zaka saMvatanu' varSa, te kayAreka vikrama savata sAthe IsavI sana ane yAdI sananuM varSa Apelu jAya che. (naM. 61). yaxAdI sanamAM varSoMnI sAthe AvAM (AThame) mAsa ane gAsa (14 meA) rAjanA nirdeza Ave che (na. 6ra). phArasI lekhamAM hijarI sananA nirdeza karelo che. (naM. 47). A graMthamAM graMthastha thayelA badhA ja abhilekhonI prastAvanAmAM enuM prAptisthAna, padArtha, mApa, paMktisaMkhyA, bhASA-lipinI vigata ApelI che. tyAra bAda abhilekhane sAra ane emAMnI mahattvanI vigatA ane pachI vivecanamAM abhilekhamAM nirdiSTa vyaktie tathA sthaLAnuM abhijJAna ApIne abhilekhanI mitinI kharAkharanI IsavIsananI tArIkha rzAvI che, tema ja rAjaMkIya ane sAMskRtika pratihAsanI dRSTie te te abhilekhamAMthI prApta thatI mAhitI darzAvI che. A lekhasaMgrahamAM mULa abhilekhA pATha ane enA phoTogrApha Apela nathI, paraMtu abhilekha kayA sAmayikamAM prasiddha thayA che enI noMdha karelI che. # pustaka vAMcatAM keTalIka sAmAnya azuddhio najare paDI che, je saratacUkathI rahI gaI hAvAnu jaNAya che 94] Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir abhilekhavidyAne kSetre prakAzita thayela AvA suMdara prakAzanane huM AvakAruM chuM. pustakanA prakAzana badla tenA lekhaka vi` DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrI ane prakAzaka (DaoN. thAmasa paramAra, maMtrI, gujarAta itihAsa pariSada) e baMnene hArdika abhinadana pAThavu` chuM: abhilekhonA abhyAsI, jijJAsuo ane saMzAdhakone A graMtha atyaMta upayogI nIvaDaze evI AkAMkSA sevuM chuM. DaoN. bhAratI zelata [sAmIpya : AkaTo., '92-mArca', 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pustaka : ApaNAM sAMskRtika upAkhyAna, lekhake H che. gevane zamI ane 3. bhAvanA : mahetA, prakAzaka: lekhake pote vitaraka : akSarabhAratI, bhuja (kaccha); saMskaraNa I.sa. 1996 mU9ya : 2, 30/- kula pRSTha saMkhyA 108. vIsa jeTalA prasaMganA nAnakaDA saMpuTa dvArA ApaNuM sAMskRtika upAkhyAna ApIne lekhakoe eka judo ja prayoga kathAkSetre karyo che. prAraMbhamAM pIThikA' dvArA anuzrutio aMge pitAne daSTikoNa rajU karyo che; kANu ke "upAkhyAna' tarIke apAyelI kakSAo eka daSTie anukRti ja che. AmAM apAyelI kathAone moTo bhAga karachane sparze che. e kathAomAM vacanapAlana, zaraNAgatanI rakSA, gAma ke deza pratyeno prema, vIratA, yA, samatA, udAratA, atithisatkAra, samarpaNa jevA bhAvo vyakta thayelA che. rAjazekhare pitAnI "kAvyamImAMsA'mAM muktakanA pAMca bheda ApelA che. temAM eka bheda "AkhyAnakavAna' nAme che. te prakAramAM kavi pitAnI pratibhA dvArA ghaTanAone maramarUpa Ape che. e prakAramAM kathA Ave che. e ja agatyanuM che. lekhakoe A kathAsaMpuTane AthI ja "upAkhyAna nAma ApyuM che. kathAonA prAraMbhamAM je te viSaya aMge vivecanA ke thoDI pUrvabhUmikA ApI kathAprasaMga TUMkamAM Apela che. vaLI e prasaMganuM vastu nirUpaNu duhA ke prasaMgagIta dvArA skuTa karavAno prayatna karyo che. A aMge saMbhavataH rAjasthAnI pustaka AdhAra paNa levAya che. ghaTanA ke prasaMga nirUpaNamAM tene lagatI ke evI ja ghaTanAe saurASTramAM kaI rIte noMdhAI che te lakSamAM lIdhuM jaNAtuM nathI. dA.ta. karaDe rAva kavATasI' kathA saurASTranA itihAsane sparze che. jemane teo anata sAMkhalA tarIke oLakhAve che te saurASTramAM anaMta cAvaDA tarIke jANIto che. Ama thavAthI kathA nirUpaNamAM ekAMgItA AvI jAya e svAbhAvika che. jo ke temaNe je je kati jyAMthI lIdhI che tenuM mULa zodhI e badhAno ullekha avazya karyo che. nagaranI sthApanA'mAM lekhakee jAmanagaranA jAma rAvalanA dhADA sAme sasaluM thayuM te kathA laI tenI sAthe amadAvAdanI jaba kutte para sassA AyA, taba bAdazAhane zahara basAyA" kathA tulanArUpe ApI che. jo ke evI ja kathAo bhuja uparAMta haLavada, vijayanagara vagere jUnAM nagaro aMge pracalita che te apAyuM nathI. hisAno pratikAra" ane "zaraNAgatanI rakSA" baMne samAnabhAva upara UbhelI kathAo che. "hiMsAne pratikAra'mAM sasalAnA rakSaNuM athe cAraNakanyA prANa paNa kare che te "zaraNAgatanI rakSA'mAM bAI panasarI potAnA zaraNe Avela sasalAne parANe laI javAtAM tenI pAchaLa dehatyAga kare che. AvI ja kathA mULI(ji. surendranagara)mAM paramAranA paDAvamAM AvelA sasalAne nahi sepivAthI tyAMnA zAsaka cabhADe ane paramAre vacce gharSaNa thAya che te yAda karavAnI jarUra hatI. - "dazame zAligrAma' paNuM saurASTramAM jarA judI rIte kahevAtI kathA che. "zraddhAvAna labhyate' ane dAtAthI moTo yAcaka eka kathAnA be bhAga che. temAM bhAramalajI ratnanI hiMgaLAja yAtrA sAthe kacchanA bhAvi rAjavI tarIke tamAcIjInA udayanI kathA che. [ 85 For Private and Personal Use Only

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'gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa' sa'pA. p. 2. che. parIkha ane De. ka. ga, zAstrI (matha 1-7) DaeN. 9. ga. zAstrI ane De. pra. ci. parIkha (graMtha 8-9) 1982 graMtha 1 : itihAsanI pUrvabhUmikA (pR. 24+6 10+1 citrA) 1972 9-75 (a prASTra) graMtha 2 : maurya kAlathI guptakAla (pR. 23 +6 46+3 5 citro) 19 kare | 9-75 () graMtha 3 : maitrakakAla ane anumaitraka kAla (. 23+505+35 citro) 1974 6-20 '' zra'tha 4 : sela kAkAla (pR. 31+28+34 citro) 1976 9-55 (.) graMtha 5 : satanata kAla (pR. 36+575+40 citro) 1976 25-50 graMtha 6 : mughala kAla (pR. 24+598+38 citro) 1979 19-45 graMtha 7 : marAThA kAla (pR. 24+461+57 citro) 13-25 graMtha 8 : briTiza kAla (I. sa. 1818 thI 1914) 1984 2-40 (pR. 31+6 84+24 citro) graMtha 9 : AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI (I sa. 1965 thI 1961 1987 4-40 (pR. 24570 +44 citro) - -: prAptisthAna : - bhA. je. vidyAbhavana ha. kA. ArTasa koleja kampAunDamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-38 0 0 09 1977 15-00 1968 10-0 0 1987 28- 90 2 182 ? -0 0 prabatpAdimAM aitihAsika ane sAmAjika vastu (pR. 4+5 6) | le. bhogIlAla ja. sAMDesarA avatAre ane atAra vAda (pR. 8+3 6) le. DolararAya mAMkaDa navapurAtatva (pR. 8+9 +21 citro) le. hasamukha dhI sAMkaLiyA. jaina sampradAyameM mokSa, avatAra aura punarjanma (pR. 8+48) ___ kartA : DaoN. padmanAbha jenI Coins : The Source of Indian History (Pages 6+143) by Parameshwari Lal Gupta Indian Literary Theory and Practical Criticism (Pages 7+96) by Dr. K. Krishnamoorthy History and Culture of Central India by Prof. K. D. Bajpai (Pages 132+39 IIIus.) dharavAda (pu. 1457+2 12+52) le. 5. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNuiyA 1981 28-00 1982 29-00 1984 100-00 19 85 100-00 -: prAptisthAna :gujarAta vidyAsabhA, premAbhAI haoNla, bhadra, amadAvAda-3800001 For Private and Personal Use Only