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lxix
Vasishtha IV, 5-8, it is further evident that the rules on the permissibility of meat have been much altered and enlarged in accordance with the growing repugnance against the slaughter of animals. The last section of the same chapter, on the duties of women, has probably had the same fate. The example of the Vasishtha Dharmasastra shows that some of the old Sûtrakaras treated the duties of women in two separate sections1. But it also proves that they did not, as our Manu-smriti does, go twice over the same matter. It is evident that either here or in the beginning of the ninth chapter the same verses have been needlessly repeated by the author of the remodelled version. In the sixth chapter there is only one passage, vv. 61-82, which goes beyond the range of the Dharma-sûtras. None of the latter enters into such details regarding the meditations to which an ascetic must give himself up in order to attain salvation. The subject naturally tempted the remodeller of the Smriti to expand the shorter notes of the original. Very different is the case of the next three chapters, VII-IX, which treat of the duties of a king, and of civil and criminal law. These sections probably bear only a faint resemblance to the corresponding portions of the original work. Among the 226 verses of the seventh chapter there are only fifty-four to which passages of the Dharma-sûtras and the Vishnusmriti correspond. If one pays attention to the rules regarding the king's duties, given in the Dharma-sûtras of Gautama, Apastamba, and Vasishtha, as well as to the references to the opinions of the Mânavas and of Manu, made in the Kamandakîya Nîtisâra', it would seem probable that the contents of this section of the Manava Dharmasûtra cannot have differed very much from those of the third chapter of Vishnu, and that about two-thirds of the seventh Adhyaya of our Manu-smriti have been added when it was recast. With respect to the eighth chapter and the first 224 verses of the ninth, which give the rules regarding the eighteen titles of the law, the remodeller seems to have been equally active. We must ascribe to
INTRODUCTION.
1 See Vas. V and XVII, 55-80.
See above, p. xxxvi.
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