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INTRODUCTION.
Ixxvii
crepancy. We read, Mah. XII, 57, 43-45, ' And the following two verses are pronounced by Manu Praketasa in the Law of kings, listen to them attentively, O lord of kings ! (43.) A man should abandon, like a leaky ship in the ocean, the following six persons,-a teacher who does not instruct, a priest unable to recite the Veda, a king who affords no protection, a quarrelsome wife, a herdsman who loves to stay in the village, and a barber who seeks the forest.' Neither of these verses is found in our Manu, though the latter inveighs against kings who do not protect their subjects (VII, 143-144).
If we turn to the passages in which Manu—not his Sastra—is named as an authority, I know only of one that may be confidently considered to contain a reference to a law-book. In the Sakuntalopakhyana, Mah. I, 73, 8-13, king Dushyanta tries to persuade the reluctant object of his affections to consent to a Gandharva union by a discussion of the law of marriage. He first briefly mentions the number of the marriage-rites (v. 88) and their names (w. 86-96) in the same order as Manu, and then goes on, 'Learn that among these (rites), as Manu Svayambhuva has formerly declared, the first four are lawful and recommended for a Brahmana; know, O blameless one, that six, according to their order, are lawful for a Kshatriya (96-10). But the Rakshasa rite also is ordained for men of the royal caste, and the Asura rite is prescribed for Vaisyas and Sudras. But among the (last) five, three are declared lawful and two unlawful (v. 11). The Paisaka and Asura (rites) must never be used. According to this rule (marriages) must be concluded, this is the path of duty (v. 12). Do not question the legality of the Gândharva and Rakshasa (rites) for Kshatriyas. Without a doubt they may be used, be it separate or mixed' (v. 13).
The close verbal agreement of this passage with Manu III, 20-26, on the one hand, and its serious discrepancy with respect to a portion of the doctrine, make it, I think, very probable that it is a paraphrase or adaptation of a part
The original has udáhritau, which is ambiguous and may also mean quoted.'
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