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412
LAWS OF MANU.
X, 41.
41. Six sons, begotten (by Aryans) on women of equal and the next lower castes (Anantara), have the duties of twice-born men; but all those born in consequence of a violation (of the law) are, as regards their duties, equal to Sudras.
42. By the power of austerities and of the seed (from which they sprang), these (races) obtain here among men more exalted or lower rank in successive births.
43. But in consequence of the omission of the sacred rites, and of their not consulting Brâhmanas, the following tribes of Kshatriyas have gradually sunk in this world to the condition of Sudras;
44. (Viz.) the Paundrakas, the Kodas, the Dravidas, the Kâmbogas, the Yavanas, the Sakas, the Pâradas, the Pahlavas, the Kinas, the Kirâtas, and the Daradas,
41. Medh. adds, The mention of the Anantaras is intended to include all Anulomas.'
42. These,' i. e. those born of wives of equal castes and Anantaras' (Gov., Kull.). Medh. and Nâr. include all Anulomas, and Râgh. even Pratilomas, sprung from Aryan fathers. Yuge yuge,
in successive births' (Medh., Nâr., Nand.), means according to Kull. in each of the ages of the world.' Kull. refers to the stories regarding Visvâmitra and Rishyasringa, while Medh. points to the discussion, given below, verse 64 seq.
43. Medh. and Gov. read brâhmanâtikramena, 'by disrespect towards Brahmanas,' instead of brâhmanâdarsanena, by not consulting Brahmanas' (Kull., Nár., Nand., Râgh., K.).
44. Instead of Paundrakas (Kull.), Medh., Nár., Nand., and K. read Pundrakas, and Gov. Paundhrakas. My reading Kodas is a correction of Komdra, which is found in some MSS. of Medh. and in K. We have plainly Kola in Nand., while some MSS. of Medh. and Gov. read Kamdra or Kamdra, and the editions give Kaudra. Sir W. Jones' opinion that kaudra stands for ka Odra is improbable, because the particle and' is clearly not wanted after the first word. Instead of Pahlava, some MSS. of Medh. and some editions
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