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Bacteria, Algae and Fungi as Found in the Jaina Literature
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Other micro-organisms (Nigodas)
Much smaller than bacteria (arth quadrates and plant bacteria) are other forms called Nigodas 30 (micro-organisms or viruses). There are two kinds of Nigodas, viz. Nigodakā and Nigodjiva31 (Nitya Nigodas and Itara Nigodas).fine and gross. 3. They may be identified with bacteriophages and rikettsias. With the exception of the last, these are too small to be seen with ordinary microscopes and can be photographed only.33 These Nigodas can be classified as plant; their status in the world of living thing is clear, But these forms exhibit some, but not all of the usual characteristics3d of living things, as some Nigodas who do not attain change, 6 wbile some36 are born and die and again, return to the original state, 87
Types of Nigodas:
There are stated to be two kinds of Nigodas from the point of their size, viz, fine and gross (sūkşma and bādara).38 Sakşua Nigodas are of two kinds, viz. paryäptaka (developed) and aparyā ptaka (undeveloped). Badara Nigodas also are of two kinds, viz. paryāptaka (developed) and aparyāptaka (undeveloped).
Nigodajivas are of two kinds, viz, Sükşma Nigod jevas (fine Nigodjivas) and Badara Nigodajivas (Gross Nigodajivas). Sukşma Nigod jivas are of two types, viz, paryāptakas (developed) and aparyaptakas (undeveloped). Badara Nigodajivas also are of two types, viz, paryāptaka (developed) and aparyāptaka (undeveloped). 39
30 Bhagavatī sūtra, 25, 5. 749.
Pangavaņā sūtra, 1.55. 102 Lokaprakasa 1.4. v. 32 ff. Nigoda Saytrimsikā
Gomma asāra. (Jivakānda 73.) 31 'Duvihāniuda pannatta, tamnjahā-piuyaga ya niuyajıva ya,
Bhagavatı sütra, 25.5.749. 32 'Suhumaniuda ya,' Ibid. 33 Blology, p. 138. 34 Size, shape, metabolism, movement, irritability, growth, reproduction, etc. 35 Byhatsamgrahani, v. 277, 36 Atthi anartajivă, jehim na patto tasaipariņāmo, uppajjanti, cayamti puno vi tattheva
tatheva 1, Byhatsangraham v. 277. 37 Ibid. 38 Bhagavatī satra, 12.2.443. Jiyābhigama sūtra, p. 997. 39 Ibid.
