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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
(MAY, 1889.
immortality of the soul, and their faneral customs, published by the Orthodox Missionary Society, the author in chapters second and third treats of Kasan, 1884. This dictionary, compiled for practhe Chinese worship of ancestors expressed by tical purposes, contains important materials for services to them in the temples. In chapters the study of the Altaio dialects. The author fourth and fifth the author discusses the influ- collected the materials for the grammar pablished ence of the dootrines of ancestor worship and at Kasan in 1869. He tells us that his work filial piety on the private and public life of embraces two chief dialecta (1) Altaic (Teleut, the ancient Chinese. In the sixth chapter Telengut, Telenget), (2) Aladag. There are no the author treats the genesis of Chinese poly- dialectical sub-divisions of the first, but the second theism, and explains how it gradually obscured is sub-divided into the following dialecta, (a) of the worship of ancestors. The author surveys Kondom, the Upper and Lower, (b) Matir, (c) the development of the old Chinese philosophy, Abakan, Upper and Lower, (d) Bi (Upper and and shows that the latter destroyed the primitive Lower). The reviewer, (V. Radloff), compares belief in the immortality of the soul, and developed this division of the dialects with his own, as given ethical forms of life which led to valgar cynical in Phonetik der nördlichen Türksprachen, pages Stoicism and Epicureanism. From this China was 281-283. saved by Confucianism, which system the anthor Reviewer's division. Division of M. Vorbitaki. proceeds to explain, showing that its centre is filial I. Dialects of Altai proper. I. Altaio dialect. piety which develops in man love, justice, and
(1) Altaio.
(2) Teleut. energy. In the concluding and longest chapter of
II. Dialects of Northern II. Aladag dialect. his work, M. Georgievski discusses the future of
Altai. China, in view of its yearly increasing relations (1.) Lebedir.
(1) BI (4). with Europe and America.
(a) Upper. (5) On the roots of the Chinese language in
(b) Lower (Kumkuin) connection with the question of the origin of the
(2) Shor.
(2) Kondom. Chinsao, by 8. Georgievski, St. Petersburg, 1888.
(a) Upper.
(a) Matir. The work of M. Georgievski falls into two closely
(b) Lower. (2) connected divisions, linguistic and ethnographi
III. Abakan.
III. Abakan. (8) cal. In the first division, the author, establish- (1) Sagan.
(a) Upper. ing his opinion by a series of examples (which (2) Koibal. occupy in the book 176 lithographed pages), (8) Kaohin.
(b) Lower. shows :-(1) that the old Chinese characters If we compare the vocabulary of the Altaic' were developed from a single root system, dialeotio grammar with that now published we shall see peculiarities being expressed by special characters, great progress. The number of words is doubled; preserved to the present day in Chinese lexico- the definitions are clearer, and they are congraphy as synonyms; and (2) that in the Chinese firmed by examples which the author has heard language are groups of words cognate with others 1 from natives. The Reviewer, he says, ought to in the Aryan languages, and the languages of acknowledge openly that the work of M. Verbitski Japan, Coren, Manchuria, Mongolia, Tibet, Annam, is of great service to him in the compilation of his Siam, Burma, and Tartary. In the second part M. dictionary of the Turkish dialects, on which he Georgievski comes to the question of the origin is now engaged. Some deficiencies, however, in of the Chinese. His chief positions are (1): that the work are to be remarked ; alphabetical order the Chinese people colonised the territory of is not always kept, and the transcriptions are not China proper from Central Asia, where they had made on a uniform plan. lived side by side with the ancestors of the Aryans, (7) The Proverbs of the Natives of Turkistán, with whom they were ethnologically connected; (2) that the territory of China proper was from Proverbs are always a favourite study with ethnothe earliest times settled by races not of one graphers. It is strange that although the Rusethnological type, and not akin to the Chinese; Bians have now been masters of Tashkand for and (3) these races were the forefathers of the twenty years they have not been collected before. Japanese, Coreans, Manchus, Mongols, Eastern Moreover, there is plenty of material. M. OstrouTurkistánfs, and Indo-Chinese, and became in. mov has collected 492, and the places and corporated with the Chinese, and the fragments of circumstances connected with them are described. their language are preserved in Chinese lexico- Some are purely local; some entirely original and graphy.
others adopted, translated from Persian or Arabic. (6) V. Vorbitalei. A Dictionary of the Altai (8) Catalogue des Monnaies Musulmanes de la and Aladag Dialoota of the Turkish language, Bibliothèque Nationale, etc. 1887. This vast work is
