________________
JULY, 1889.)
THE SIXTY-YEAR CYCLE OF JUPITER.
197
and that Subhaksit with Bija ended -
2368 005.5452719
+ 361.0346511
2368 366-5799, i.e. 6th April, A.D. 1772, new style, 13 h. 551 m. It is therefore clear that Sabhakrit, since it commenced after the beginning of Kaliyuga 4873 current, and ended before the end of Kaliyaga 4873 current, was a kshaya or expunged year in 4873. And by deducting the sum of days for the commencement of Kaliyuga 4873 from the sum of days for the commencement of the year Subhakțit, we find that the commencement of Sabhaksit with Bija was due 1 day, 6 h. 44 m. 54 s. after the commencement of Kaliyuga 4873 carrent.
5. By Warren's Rules and Tables the Jupiter's years will be found to begin and end about 2.1476 days, = 2 days 3 h. 32 m. 30 s., earlier than by the above rules. Thus, according to the Kala-Sarnkalita, p. 201, the commencement of the year Vikarin (or the end of Vilamba), with Bija (above, 2), fell on 21st April, A.D. 1768, new style, instead of falling on the 23rd April ; and the solar time of Vikarin expired, at the commencement of Kaliyuga 4871 current, according to Warren, was -
353 days 27 d. 10 p. 31.0640 C., i.e. about 353 days 10 h. 52.2 m. = 3534529 days, whereas by my role it was only 351-3053 = (353.4529 - 2.1476) days. Similarly, by Warren's Tables, the year Bhiva, with Bija, (above, 3, First Example), would end on the 14th September, A.D. 1388, 23 h. 42.2 m., whereas by my rule it ended on the 17th September, A.D. 1388, 3 h. 148 m., i.e. 2 days 3 h. 32.6 m. later. And according to the Kala-Sankalita, p. 266, Plava, with Bija, was an expunged year in Kaliyuga 4872, current, while by the above rules Subhakrit was an expunged year in Kaliyuga 4873, current.
The reason of this difference is that Warren has calculated the Jupiter's years from the apparent Mesha-samkranti at the commencement of the Kaliyuga, whereas they should have been calculated from the mean Mêsha-samkranti or the vulgar epoch of the Kaliyuga, which, according to Warren, was 2-1476 days later than the apparent Mesha-samkranti. This important correction I owe in the first instance to Mr. Sh. B. Dikshit, and I have found Mr. Dikshit's remarks on the subject confirmed by the practice of four MS. calendars in the Royal Library at Berlin. Thus, to give only one instance, in a calendar for the expired northern Vikrama year 1841 we read :
Samvat 1841 Sakê 1706 ..... Rakshasa-nâma-samvatsara-pravsittih | Tasya
guru-månêna mêshật prag bhukta-masadi 3 2 33 36 1; i.e., at the commencement of the (expired) Vikrama year 1841 or the (expired) Saka year 1706 (= Kaliyuga 4885, expired), the Jupiter's year current is Rakshasa (the 4943rd year from the commencement of the Kaliyuga); and of this year there have elapsed at the time of the Mêsba-sankranti (of Kaliyuga 4885 expired) 3 months, 2 days, 33 dandas, 36 palas, = 92-5600 days, of Jupiter's own time. By my own rules, we have -
end of Kaliyuga 4885, corrent, = 2372 752.6279 - beginning of Rakshasa, without Bija, = 2372 659-8053
remainder
92-8226; i.e., the beginning of the year Rakshasa, without Bija, preceded the commencement of Kaliyuga 4885, expired, by 92.8226 solar days. To convert these into days of Jupiter's own time, say, as 361.0267 solar days (the length of the Jupiter's year without Bija) to 360 days of Jupiter's own time, so are 92.82 26 solar days to 92.5586 days of Jupiter's own time. Deducting 92 5586 from 92.5600, the remainder will be 0.0014 days = 2 minutes, by which the year Rakshasa, according to my rule, will commence later than it does according to the MS. calendar. According to Warren, the commencement of Rakshasa, without Bija, would precede the commencement of Kaliyaga 4885, expired, by about 94.9721 solar days, i.e. Rakshasa would commence about 2 days 3 h, 33.3 m. earlier than it is made to begin by the MS. calendar.
