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THE ESSENCE IN THE WORLD
257
आय-पदं १०४. जे आया से विण्णाया, जे विण्णाया से आया।
जेण विजाणति से आया। Āya-padań
104. Je āya se vinnāyā, je v innäyā se āyā.
Jeņa vijānati se āyā.
The Soul
104. The soul is that which cognizes; that which cognizes
is the soul. Because it cognizes, it is soul.
ANNOTATION 104. That which knows, is the soul; that through which knowledge is gained, is also the soul. In these two sūtras, have been laid down the two definitions of the soul. The first of these two relates to substance, and the second to quality. The conscient soul is substance; consciousness, its quality. In other words, the former is the 'cognizer' and the latter, 'cognition'. Both the 'cognizer', and 'cognition' are one and the same, i. e. the soul. The 'Conscient' reality is not directly perceptible, but 'consciousness' is. Just as a person sitting inside a room can infer the existence of the sun through the sun-light, so can the existence of the 'cognizer' be deduced from the process of knowledge. We know the 'knowable through knowledge'. Hence, it can be said that we know (the existence of) 'knowledge through knowing the knowable. Also, since 'knowledge' is the light of the 'knower', we know the 'knower through knowing the existence of 'knowledge'.
Soul is the substance', while knowledge is its quality. A substance and its quality are neither wholly identical nor wholly different. A quality always inheres in a substance, and hence both of them are identical. On the other hand, since one is the 'substratum', while the other is 'supported', both are different.
Knowledge, however, is the characteristic of soul. Hence, both are invariably concomitant.
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