Tirthankar Mahavira aur Unke Das Dharma

Author(s): Bhagchandra Jain Bhaskar
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002590/1

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pradhAna sampAdaka prophesara bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara tIrthahara mahAvIra aura unake dazadharma pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA saMkhyA : 121 lekhaka prophesara bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI 2010_03

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vyakti sAdhAraNa taura para bhautika cakAcauMdha meM itanA adhika aMdhA ho jAtA hai ki use paMcendriya vAsanAoM ke duSphaloM kI ora socane kA bhI bodha jAgRta nahIM hotaa| vaha kAma, krodhAdi vikAroM meM ApAdamagna rahatA hai aura dharma kI vAstavikatA ko pahacAnane se inkAra kara detA hai| isa inkAra kI tasvIra ko badalane ke lie paryuSaNa parva jaise AdhyAtmika parva nizcita hI amogha sAdhana kA kAma karate haiN| jaina saMskRti meM paryuSaNa parva athavA dazalakSaNa parva kA vizeSa mahattva hai| yaha parva sAdhAraNattaH varSAvAsa prArambha hone ke 50 dina *bAda prArambha hotA hai| varSA yoga kA prArambha ASAr3ha zukla caturdazI kI rAtri ke prathama prahara se ho jAtA hai aura kArtika kRSNa caturdazI kI rAtri ke pichale prahara meM usakI samApti hotI hai| varSAvAsa sAdhanA aura saMskAra ko jAgrata karane kA eka sunaharA avasara hai| jaba sAdhaka zAntipUrvaka eka sthAna para rahakara jIvana sUtra ko saMkalita karatA hai, adhyAtmika sAdhanA kA saMyojana karatA hai aura pAtA hai usa jAgaraNa ko jo suptAvasthA meM abhI taka par3A huA thaa| antara meM par3A huA tattva hI saMskAra kahalAtA hai, jo satsaMgati se jAgrata hotA hai| yaha satsaMgati hai tIrthaMkara mahAvIra jaise mahApuruSoM aura sAdhakoM kI, jinhoMne ratnatraya kA pAlana kara AtmajJAna pA liyA aura sAdhakoM ko usakA upadeza diyaa| prastuta pustaka meM aise hI upadezaka, sAdhaka vandanIya tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA jIvana carita tathA unake dvArA pravedita dharma ke uttama kSamA, mArdava Adi daza lakSaNoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| paryuSaNa parva para adhyAtmika sAdhakoM ke lie yaha vivecana upayogI siddha hogaa| 2010_03 .

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA : 121 pradhAna sampAdaka pro0 bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unake dazadharma lekhaka prophesara bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI 1999 2010_03

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA : 121 pustaka lekhaka prakAzaka dUrabhASa phaiksa prathama saMskaraNa mUlya akSara sajjA mudraka ISBN Book Writer Publisher Phone Fax First Edition Price Type Setting Printed at : : prophesara bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI. TI. AI. roDa, karauMdI, vArANasI-221005 : 0542-316521, 318046 0542-318046 : : : 1999 : 80.00 : saritA kampUyaTarsa auraMgAbAda, vArANasI - 10 ( dUrabhASa : : 359521) : varddhamAna mudraNAlaya, bhelUpura, vArANasI : 81-86715-45-2 tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unake dazadharma : Tirthankara Mahavira Aur Unake Dasadharma : Prof. Bhagchandra Jain Bhaskar Parswanath Vidyapitha I.T. I. Road, Karaundi Varanasi-221005. :: : : 1999 80.00 : Sarita Computers, Aurangabad, Varanasi- 10 (Phone-359521) : Vardhaman Mudranalaya, Bhelupur, Varanasi. : 2010_03 0542-316521, 318046 0542-318046

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. - . - . - . - . | maiMna vidhA evaM saMskRti ke unnAyaka evaM marmata manISI agraja DaoN sAgaramala jaina kI sAdara sarpita ___ 2010_03

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prakAzakIya Aja ke vyastatA bhare jIvana meM paryuSaNa parva jaise AdhyAtmika parva kI upayogitA asandigdha hai| vyakti caubIsa ghaNTe aura bArahoM mahIne to duniyAdArI meM AkaNThamagna rahatA hai para vaha AdhyAtmika kAryoM ke lie samaya nahIM nikAla pAtA hai| kisI na kisI bahAne vaha unase dUra-sA banA rahatA hai| paryuSaNa parva eka aisA parva hai jisameM prAya: hara vyakti kisI na kisI rUpa me apane Apako adhyAtma se jor3a letA hai| mandira yA sthAnaka meM jAkara vaha tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra jaise AdhyAtmika mahApuruSoM ke jIvanacarita ko santoM se sunatA hai tathA unake dvArA pravedita dharmoM ke vivecana para cintana karatA hai| isase jIvana ke yathArtha svarUpa ko samajhane kA sunahalA avasara mila jAtA hai| hamAre saMsthAna ke kuzala nidezaka DaoN0 bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara dvArA likhita 'tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unake daza dharma' pustaka isI uddezya se samAja ke samakSa prastuta kI jA rahI hai| AzA hai, pAThakagaNa isa pustaka se lAbhAnvita hoNge| pustaka ko isa rUpa taka pahuMcAne meM DaoN0 zivaprasAda evaM DaoN0 vijayakumAra jaina ne apanA amUlya sahayoga diyA hai, etadartha hama unake AbhArI haiN| isI taraha akSara-sajjA ke lie sarvazrI saritA kampyUTarsa tathA sundara mudraNa ke lie varddhamAna mudraNAlaya ko bhI hama dhanyavAda dete haiN| pArzvanAtha nirvANa divasa dinAMka 18.8.1999 bhUpendranAtha jaina mAnada saciva pArzvanAtha vidyApITha vArANasI-5 2010_03

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prAkkathana vyakti jijIviSA aura jijJAsA jaisI vRttiyoM ke bIca jUjhate ulajhate mAnavIya jIvana kI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAnA cAhatA hai, para bhautikatA ke cakAcauMdha meM andhA hokara vaha ulTe hI ulajhatA rahatA hai| AzAoM aura AkAMkSAoM kI asImitatA tathA ahaGkAra aura IrSyA kI aparimitatA ne vyakti ko hatAzA aura dagdhatA ke alAvA diyA hI kyA hai? ye sAMsArika vRttiyAM duHkhavAdI nAr3iyA~ jaisI haiN| inase zarIra lahulahAna-sA banA rahatA hai aura mana sadaiva chaTapaTAtA rahatA hai ise hama cAhe duHkhavAda kaheM yA vibhramavAda, unakI dizA aura dazA eka hI hai| isa hatAzA se bacane aura sAMsArikatA kI Uba se chuTakArA pAne ke lie barabasa hamArA mana AdhyAtmikatA kI ora jhuka jAtA hai| hama cAhate haiM, kahIM koI aisI chAyA mila sake jahAM kSaNabhara bhI vizrAma kiyA jA sake, mana kI caJcalatA para lagAma lagAyI jA sake aura mAnasika tanAva se mukta huA jA ske| AdhyAtmika parva aise hI sunahare avasara hote haiM, jinameM vyakti nirdvandva hokara svayaM ko khojane kA prayatna karatA hai| prAcIna AcAryoM ne varSAkAlIna cAra mAha kA bar3A sundara samaya isa dRSTi se cunA hai| isa samaya AvAgamana kama ho jAtA hai, bAhara kI vyastatAyeM sikur3a jAtI haiM aura vyApAra bhI ThaNDA ho jAtA hai| jaina saMskRti ne isa samaya kA upayoga dharma-dhyAna meM lagAne ke lie cunA hai| paryuSaNa parva aisA hI avasara hai jo lagAtAra aThAraha dina calatA hai- bhAdrapada mAsa meN| sAdhAraNa taura para bhAdrapada kRSNa trayodazI se prArambha hokara bhAdrapada zukla caturdazI ke dina samApta hotA hai| ise daza lakSaNa mahAparva bhI kahA jAtA hai| parva ke anta meM saMvatsarI aura khamatakhAmaNA yA kSamAvANI parva manAkara pArasparika manomAlinya ko dUra karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| isa parva para jaina mandiroM aura sthAnakoM meM pratidina pravacana hote haiM, bhajana-pUjana hotA hai aura svAdhyAya Adi ke mAdhyama se AdhyAtmika cintana kiyA jAtA hai| pahale ATha dina kalpasUtra ke AdhAra para prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva se lekara antima tIrthaGkara mahAvIra taka kI paramparA para vistAra se carcA kI jAtI hai| svAdhyAya, tapa aura pratikramaNa bhI isI ke sAtha calate rahate haiN| antima dasa dina kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiJcana aura brahmacarya ina daza dharmoM para pravacana kiyA jAtA hai aura tattvArthasUtra ke dazoM adhyAyoM kI kramaza: vAcanA kI jAtI hai| jIvana meM dharma ke daza lakSaNoM para vistAra se vicAra kara unakI sAdhanA kI jAtI hai| dana dharmoM ke mAza 2010_03

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'uttama' vizeSaNa bhI jur3A huA hai, jo sambaddha dharmoM kI gaharAI taka jAne kA AhvAna karatA hai| inakI saMkSipta jAnakArI isa prakAra hai -- 1. uttama kSamA -- isakA virodhI dharma hai krodh| vyakti choTI-choTI-sI bAtoM para krodha karatA hai aura saMgharSoM ko Amantrita karatA hai| yadi hoza meM krodha kiyA jAye to krodha AyegA hI nhiiN| krodha hamezA behozI hAlata meM AtA hai| krodha ke nimittoM ko dUra kiyA jAye aura krodha karane vAloM ko aura apanA barA karane vAloM ko yadi kSamA kara diyA jAye to vAtAvaraNa svabhAvata: svastha bana jAyegA aura Ananda se bhara jaayegaa| 2. uttama mArdava -- mArdava kA artha hai - mRdutA, komltaa| yaha mAna ke abhAva meM hotI hai| ahaGkArI dUsare kA sammAna na kara use apamAnita karatA hai| vaha thothA ahaM zira para lekara ghUmatA rahatA hai aura vyartha meM burAiyAM mola letA rahatA hai| yaha abhimAna kabhI dhana kA, kabhI rUpa kA, kabhI jJAna kA kabhI bala kA, kabhI jAti kA hotA hai| pratikriyA se mukta honA hI vAstavika mArdava hai| / 3. uttama Arjava -- mRdutA Ane ke bAda mAyA, chala, kapaTa, gAyaba ho jAtA hai| kapaTa vakratA liye rahatA hai| Ter3hApana to hamezA kharAba hI rahatA hai| saralatA aura nirmalatA bhItarI jAgaraNa se hI hotA hai| nirAsakti aura santoSa bhI Arjava kA hI bAya-proDakTa hai| 4. uttama zauca -- zauca kA artha hai pavitratA, jo lobha ke abhAva meM upajatI hai| kapaTa bhAva ke tirohuta hone ke bAda mana meM pavitratA AtI hai| murchA va parigraha zucitA na Ane dene meM kAraNa hotA hai| arjana ke sAtha visarjana bhI honA hI caahie| 5. uttama satya -- zauca Ane ke bAda sAdhaka satya kI sAdhanA karatA hai| satya kA tAtparya hai dUsaroM ko santApa pahu~cAne vAle vacanoM ko tyAgakara sva-para hitakArI vacana bolnaa| anekAntavAda syAdvAda, naya aura nikSepa jaise siddhAnta isI ke antargata Ate haiN| yahAM se svatantratA kA jAgaraNa hotA hai aura paratantratA samApta hone lagatI hai| 6. uttama saMyama -- satya kI sAdhanA hone ke bAda saMyama kI sAdhanA kI jAtI hai| saMyama kA tAtparya hai mana kI caJcala gati ko roka lenaa| saMyama eka prakAra se anuzAsana hai jo indriyoM aura mana para lagAma lagAtA hai, AdatoM meM parivartana karatA hai, mana, vacana, kAya ko saMyamita karatA hai, AhAra, nidrA Adi ko kAbU meM rakhatA hai aura dharma kI cetanA ko samajhane kA avasara detA hai| 7. uttama tapa -- saMyama kI gaharAI ke sAtha tapa kI ora jhukAva adhika hotA 2010_03

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vii hai| tapa kA tAtparya hai mana kA mArjana karanA aura saMcita karmoM kI nirjarA karanA, unheM samaya ke pahale pakane denaa| yahAM AhAra saMyama para vizeSa bala diyA hai| isameM upavAsa, anazana Adi aneka prakAra ke tapa kiye jAte haiN| 8. uttama tyAga -- tapa ke bAda sAdhaka kA mana apane zarIra se nirAsakta ho jAtA hai aura vaha tyAga kI ora bar3ha jAtA hai| tyAga kA artha hai -- chor3anA arthAt rAga-dveSAdi vikAra bhAvoM ko chor3a denA aura dAnAdi vRtti se dhana ko visarjita krnaa| isake sAtha yaha bhI bhAva jur3A huA hai ki dhanArjana zuddha sAdhanoM se hI honA caahie| 9. uttama AkiJcanya -- tyAga kA AcaraNa karane ke bAda sAdhaka ke pAsa svayaM ke atirikta aura kucha bhI nahIM bctaa| vaha bilkala aparigrahI ho jAtA hai, nirdvandva ho jAtA hai| taba mana, vacana, kAya kI akiJcitatA aura upakaraNa para jora diyA jAtA hai| 10. uttama brahmacarya -- uttama AkiJcanya ko pA lAne ke bAda sAdhaka niSparigrahI ho jAne ke kAraNa AtmaramaNa karane kI sthiti meM A jAtA hai| moha mamatA vigalita ho jAtI hai, kAma-guNoM para vijaya prApta ho jAtI hai| pariNAmataH zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa aura gandha kA anta ho jAtA hai| dhyAna kI paripUrNa sAdhanA yahIM hotI hai| isa prakAra paryuSaNa parva kiMvA daza lakSaNa mahAparva uttama kSamAdi dharmoM para cintana karane kA eka sundara avasara pradAna karatA hai jisase jIvana kI vagiyA khila sakatI hai aura cAroM ora sugandha bikherI jA sakatI hai| jIvana ko jIvana ke rUpa meM pahacAnane kA yaha eka svarNima avasara hai, mAnavatA aura ahiMsA ko apane Apa meM samAhita karane kA sarvottama sAdhana hai isIlie ise AdhyAtmika parva kahA jAtA hai| isa AdhyAtmika parva kI deharI para khar3e hokara hama tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unake daza dharma zIrSaka pustaka apane pArzvanAtha vidyApITha se prakAzita kara rahe haiN| isameM hamane digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM ko samanvita kara usameM samagratA lAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| AzA hai, sudhI pAThaka ise pUrI hRdaya se svIkAra kreNge| pArzvanAtha nirvANa divasa dinAMka 18.8.1999 prophesara bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara nidezaka 2010_03

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prakAzakIya prAkkathana viSaya sUcI 1. paryuSaNa : sahI dRSTi dene vAlA mahAparva 2. 3. viSaya - sUcI paryuSaNa parva kA artha (1), paryuSaNa kI paramparA (2), dasa lakSaNa dharma kI paramparA (4), paryuSaNa kalpa kA artha (5), paryuSaNa parva kA uddezya (6), dharma kA svarUpa (7) / tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva aura unakI sAMskRtika paramparA jIvana ghaTanAyeM (12), tIrthaGkara ariSTanemi (13), tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha (14), tIrthaGkara mahAvIra (14), pUrvabhava paramparA (15), avataraNa (17), jainadharma aura siddhAnta (19), jainadharma kA pracAra-prasAra (20) / mahAvIra aura unakI paramparA 2010_03 pUrvabhava (28), mAtA-pitA (30), garbhApaharaNa (30), pAvanadharA para (31), bAlyAvasthA (31), zikSA-dIkSA (32), gArhasthika jIvana (32), mahAbhiniSkramaNa (33), chadmastha sAdhanA (33), chadmasthakAla tathA varSAvAsa (34), viziSTa ghaTanAyeM (35), gopAlaka upasarga (35), katipaya pratijJAe~ (36), daza svapna (37), nimitta jJAna (38), caNDakauzika (38), makkhaligozAlaka se bheMTa (39), pArzvanAtha sAdhuoM se bheMTa (40), agni upasarga (40), anArya dezoM meM bhramaNa (40), kaThapUtanA kA upasarga (41), lohArgalA (41), taptadhUli (42), saMgama upasarga (43), kaThora abhigraha (43), gopAlaka upasarga (43), karNazalAkA upasarga (44), durdhara tapa (44), kevalajJAna (45), vidvAnoM kI khoja meM (45), prAkRta (46), gaNadhara (47-51), caturvidha saMgha (52), dharma pracAra aura varSAvAsa (53), saMgha pramANa (54), parinirvANa iv v-vii viii-x 1-9 10-26 27-63

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4. 6. 7. 8. 10. (55), pUrvavartI tIrthaGkaroM kA Akalana ( 55-56 ), tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva (55), AcaraNa jJAna ke Upara hai (58), antagaDasUtra (60) | krodha kA abhAva hI kSamA hai svAnubhUti aura dharma (64), kSamA : artha aura pratipatti (65), krodhaH kAraNa aura pratiphala (66), krodha ko dUra karane kA upAya (67), kSamA ke udAharaNa (68) / jIvana kI saralatA hI mRdula hai saMkalpa aura jAgaraNa (71), mArdava kA artha (72), ahaGkAra : prakRti aura pariNAma (73), ahaGkAra se mukta hone ke upAya (74), mRdutA ke udAharaNa (75) / jIvana kI niSkapaTatA hI RjutA hai| 2010_03 artha aura svarUpa (77), mAyA aura pratikriyA (77), prakRti aura svabhAva (78), zreyArtha kI RjutA / jIvana kI nirmalatA hI zuci hai artha aura pratipatti (82), svarUpa (82), zucitA kA vistAra (83), virodhI bhAva lobha (83) / satya : sAdhanA kI ora bar3hatA padacApa artha aura pratipatti (88), sAdhana aura svabhAva (88), cintana kI sArthakatA (89), satya ke prakAra (90), sAMsArika satya (91), ananta sambhAvanAoM se bharA satya (92) / mana para nakela lagAnA hI saMyama hai| saMyama kI Dora (94), mana para nakela lagAnA svAnubhUtipUrvaka (94), saMyama aura anuzAsana (95), saMyama : niSedha se vidheya kI ora (97) / svastha honA hI uttama tapa hai tapa aura AdhyAtmika svAsthya (100), tapa aura sAdhaka (101), tapa eka UrjA hai (102), tapa ke prakAra - bAhyatapa (104), Abhyantara tapa (107), tapa kA AdhAra cAritrika vizuddhi (110 ) / ix 64-70 71-76 77-81 82-87 88-93 94-99 100-111

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11. rAga dveSa bhAva kA visarjana hI tyAga hai 112-117 artha aura pratipatti (112), tyAga aura dAna (113), tyAga aura indriyavRtti (115), mUrchA aura tyAga (116) / 12. nirmamatva kI ora bar3hanA hI AkiJcanya hai 118-122 artha aura pratipatti (118), sAdhanA kA mUla uddezya (119), ahama aura mana kA tyAga (120) / AtmA meM ramaNa karanA hI brahmacarya hai 123-129 artha aura pratipatti (123), brahmacarya aura Adhunika manovijJAna (124), svAnubhava kI cetanA aura dhyAna (125), brahmacarya : Atmacintana kI caritra pariNati (126), brahmacarya : adhyAtma jAgaraNa kA suutr| sahAyaka grantha-sUcI 130 -134 mukhya zabda-sUcI 135-136 ___ 2010_03

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paryuSaNa : sahI dRSTi dene vAlA mahAparva vyakti sAdhAraNa taura para bhautika cakAcauMdha meM itanA adhika andhA ho jAtA hai ki use paJcendriya vAsanAoM ke duSphaloM kI ora socane kA bhI bodha jAgrata nahIM hotaa| vaha kAma, krodhAdi vikAroM meM ApAda magna rahatA hai aura dharma kI vAstavikatA ko pahacAnane se inkAra kara detA hai| isa inkAra karane kI tasavIra ko badalane ke lie AdhyAtmika parva nizcita hI amogha sAdhana kA kAma karate haiN| paryuSaNa parva kA artha parva ke aneka artha hote haiN| yathA - bAMsa yA paudhoM yA aMguliyoM kI poriyoM kA sUcaka hotA hai-prv| vaha mahInoM kA vibhAga karatA hai aura pustaka ke adhyAya-parivartana ko bhI sUcita karatA hai| matsyapurANa (148.28.32) ke anusAra parva dhArmika kAryoM ke lie acche avasara pradAna karatA hai| isa dRSTi se aSTamI, caturdazI, amAvasyA, pUrNimA aura saMkrAnti ye sabhI parva hI haiN| jaba pUrNimA athavA amAvasyA kA anta hotA hai aura pratipadA kA prArambha hotA hai usa kAla ko bhI parva kahA jAtA hai| zrAvaka pra0 TIkA (321) ke anusAra jaina paramparA meM bhI aise hI samaya ko parva kA abhidhAna diyA gayA hai| . aise paryoM meM paryaSaNa (pajjasaNA) parva athavA dazalakSaNa parva kA vizeSa mahattva hai| jaina saMskRti meM yaha parva sAdhAraNata: varSAvAsa prArambha hone ke 50 dina bAda prArambha hotA hai| varSAyoga kA prArambha ASAr3ha zukla caturdazI kI rAtri ke prathama prahara se ho jAtA hai aura kArtika kRSNa caturdazI kI rAtri ke pichale prahara meM usakI samApti hotI hai| kisI vizeSa prasaGga meM sAdhu cAturmAsa ke bAda bhI pandraha dina taka aura ruka sakatA hai| cAturmAsa ke pIche jIvoM kA saMrakSaNa aura AdhyAtmika vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa mukhya dhyeya rahA hai| isa dRSTi se cAturmAsa ke lagabhaga madhya bhAga meM isa mahAparva kA prArambha huA hai| bhAdrapada mAsa vaise hI kalyANakArI mAnA gayA hai| isa mahAparva kA prArambha digambara paramparA meM bhAdrapada zukla paMcamI se hotA hai aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha parva isake ATha dina pUrva zurU ho jAtA hai aura bhAdrapada zukla paJcamI kA dina saMvatsarI ke rUpa 2010_03

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meM manAyA jAtA hai| para digambara paramparA ise dasa dina taka manAtI hai| vahA~ yaha parva paJcamI se prArambha hotA hai aura caturdazI taka calatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM ise paryuSaNa parva kahA jAtA hai aura digambara paramparA ise dazalakSaNa parva ke nAma se pukAratI hai| yahA~ bhAdrapada zukla paJcamI eka aisA dina hai, jise donoM paramparAyeM svIkAra karatI haiN| eka dina kA hI paryuSaNa mAnane vAlI anyatama zvetAmbara paramparA ise saMvatsarI athavA khamatakhAmaNA ke rUpa meM manAkara pArasparika manomAlinya ko dUra karatI hai, jabaki digambara paramparAnuyAyI pUrNimA ke bAda pratipadA ko kSamAvANI parva manAtI hai; kyoMki pUrNimA taka ratnatraya vrata calate haiN| isa taraha yaha parva lagAtAra bIsa dina taka calatA rahatA hai| paryuSaNa kI paramparA paramparAnusAra prathama aura antima tIrthaGkara ke kAla ko chor3akara zeSa bAIsa tIrthaGkaroM ke samaya meM varSAvAsa kA nizcita vidhAna nahIM thaa| doSa kI koI sambhAvanA na hone para sAdhu kitane hI samaya taka eka sthAna para raha sakatA hai| yadi doSa kI sambhAvanA ho to eka mAha bhI use vahA~ nahIM rahanA cAhie (bRhatkalpabhASya, 6435) / parantu prathama tIrthaGkara AdinAtha aura antima tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ke samaya varSAvAsa kA eka nizcita vidhAna rahA hai| tadanusAra ASAr3ha zukla caturdazI taka varSAvAsa kara lenA caahie| nizIthacUrNi (3153) ke anusAra kinhIM vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM yaha varSAvAsa kAla eka mAha bIsa dina taka aura Age bar3hAyA jA sakatA hai| isake bAda sAdhu ko hara kImata para bhAdrapada zukla paJcamI ko varSAvAsa kara hI lenA caahie| isake samarthana meM samavAyAMga (70vAM sthAna, AyAradazA 8, kappadasA) kA vaha sthala prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai jisameM kahA gayA hai ki tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ne bhI varSAvAsa ke pacAsaveM dina paryuSaNa kiyA thaa| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki digambara paramparA isI dina se paryaSaNa parva prArambha karatI hai aura zvetAmbara paramparA use saMvatsarI athavA kSamAvANI parva ke rUpa meM manAtI hai| jo bhI ho, yaha dina donoM paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se kSamA parva ke rUpa meM manAyA jAtA hai| yaha parva AdhyAtmika saMskRti kA eka alaukika parva hai| isameM samAja kA hara vyakti japa, tapa, svAdhyAya aura anuSThAna meM lagA rahatA hai| zvetAmbara AgamoM meM paryuSaNa ke lie do zabda milate haiM- pajjusaNA aura pjjosmnnaa| kalpasUtra Adi kI TIkAoM meM 'pajjusaNA' ke aneka paryAyArthaka zabda milate haiM jinakA artha isa prakAra hai - 1. pajjosamaNA (paryopazamanA) - isa samaya dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva sambandhI Rtubaddha paryAyoM kA parihAra kiyA jAtA hai aura tapazcaraNa, kezaluMcana, 2010_03

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pratikramaNa Adi kriyAyeM- sAdhanArtha kI jAtI haiN| ina sAdhanAoM se krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA upazamana ho jAtA hai| 2. pajjusaNA (paryuSaNA) - isa samaya deva-zAstra-guru kI upAsanA kI jAtI hai| yaha varSAvAsIya avasthiti kA sUcaka hai| 3. pariyAyauvaNA - sAdhu kI dIkSA-paryAya kI gaNanA paryuSaNa kAla se hotI thii| 4. pAgaiyA - prAkRtika rUpa se yaha parva sAdhu evaM gRhastha varga ke lie samArAdhanIya hai| 5. paDhamasamosaraNa - varSAvAsa ke prathama mAha kA prathama dina hai| ASAr3hI pUrNimA ko saMvatsara samApta hone ke bAda zrAvaNI pratipadA se prArambha hone vAle naye varSa kA prathama dina hai| digambara paramparAnusAra mahAvIra kI prathama dezanA zrAvaNI pratipadA ko hI huI thii| isalie ise paDhamasamosaraNa kahA jAtA hai| ye sabhI zabda vyakti kI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke Asa-pAsa ghUmate dikhAI dete haiN| paryuSaNa zabda kA artha hI hai- pari samantAt upaNA vAsaH paryuSaNA athavA pari samantAt oSati dahati samUlaM karmajAlaM yat tat paryuSaNam arthAt sampUrNa rUpa se AtmA ke samIpa baiThakara karmajAla ko bhasma karanA paryuSaNa hai| samyak tapa, sAmAyika, pratikramaNa, svAdhyAya Adi ke mAdhyama se jIvana kI sahI pahacAna kara Atmasiddhi prApta karanA hI isakA uddezya hai| ise hama yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki jIvana ke kRSNa pakSa se prArambha kara AtmA kI kaluSatA ko dUra kara tyAga, tapasyA Adi ke mAdhyama se zuklapakSa arthAt nirmala kSetra meM praveza karate haiN| jIvana ko samhAlane aura samhArane kI dRSTi se hamAre ArAdhya tIrthakkaroM aura AcAryoM ke udAharaNa hameM preraka sUtra ke rUpa meM upasthita raheM, isa dRSTi se zvetAmbara samAja meM antakRddazAsUtra, dazavaikAlikasUtra aura kalpasUtra kI vAcanA kI jAtI hai| ina sUtroM ko ATha dinoM meM vibhAjita kara liyA jAtA hai| antakRddazAsUtra meM to varga bhI ATha hI haiN| isI taraha kalpasUtra ke tIna bhAga haiM - tIrthaGkaroM kA jIvana caritra, sthavirAvalI aura saamaacaarii| sthAnakavAsI paramparA meM antakRddazA aura dazavaikAlikasUtra kA vAcana hotA hai, to mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM kalpasUtra kaa| terApaMthI paramparA meM kisI grantha vizeSa kA vAcana nahIM hotA, yahA~ AhAra Adi vibhinna saMyamoM para AcArya yA muni vyAkhyAna dete haiN| ina vyAkhyAnoM meM tIrthaGkaroM kA anukaraNa kara jina AcAryoM ne jisa prakAra kI AtmasAdhanA kI usakA samucita varNana va paThana-pAThana isa parva meM ho jAtA hai| digambara paramparA meM ina dinoM kSamAdi dasa dharmoM kA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai, jo jIvana ko pavitra banAne meM sAdhaka hote haiN| ye donoM paramparAyeM eka-dUsare kI paripUraka haiN| isalie isa 2010_03

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paryuSaNakalparUpa ko ATha yA dasa dina kA na hokara aThAraha yA bIsa dina kA honA caahie| dazalakSaNa dharma kI paramparA samavAyAMgasUtra, paMcazatakaprakaraNa, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra Adi granthoM meM varSAvAsa kA sandarbha paryuSaNakalpa ke nAma se AyA hai aura isa samaya ko adhyAtma-sAdhanA kI dRSTi se adhika upayukta batAyA gayA hai| isalie dazalakSaNamUlaka dharma kI ArAdhanA ke lie AcAryoM ne isa mahAparva kI sthApanA kI hai| tIrthaGkara mahAvIra bhI varSAvAsa karate rahe haiN| isakA ullekha jaina-bauddha AgamoM meM spaSTa rUpa se milatA hai| dazalakSaNa parva kI sthApanA AgamoM ke AdhAra para uttarakAla kI dena hai| kundakunda kI dvAdazAnuprekSA ke bAda kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM kadAcit sarvaprathama isakA vyavasthita ullekha AtA hai| svAmI kArtikeya ne AcArya kundakunda kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| kundakunda ne anuprekSAdhikAra meM uttama kSamA Adi daza dharmoM kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| sthAnAGga (10.16) meM bhI dharma ke daza bheda kiye gaye haiM, para vahA~ dUsare krama para mukti aura pAMcaveM krama para lAghava kA ullekha hai; jabaki kundakunda kI paramparA meM inake sthAna para zauca aura Akizcanya dharmoM ko niyojita kiyA gayA hai| ina donoM paramparAoM meM krama-vyatyaya bhI dekhA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM 'satya' ke sthAna para zauca aura zauca ke sthAna para 'satya' kA prayoga huA hai| ina sabhI kA AdhAra kadAcit AcArAGga (6.5) kA vaha sUtra hai, jisameM kahA gayA hai- sabhI ko ina ATha dharmoM kA upadeza grahaNa karanA cAhie -saMti (kSAnti), viratiM (virati), uvasayaM (upazama), NivvANaM (nivRtti), soyaM (zauca), ajjaviyaM (Arjava), maddaviyaM (mArdava) aura lAghaviyaM (laaghv)| isI paramparA ko uttarakAla meM daza dharmoM ke rUpa meM vikasita kiyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArya kundakunda aura umAsvAmI ke samAna hI samavAyAMga aura antakRddazAMgasUtra meM daza dharmoM kA spaSTa ullekha huA hai| pravacanasAroddhAra (554) meM 'mukti' ke sthAna para tyAga aura AvazyakacUrNi (2.116) meM mukti kA ullekha hai, para vahA~ tapa ke sthAna para 'tyAga' ko samAhita kiyA gayA hai| ina ullekhoM se lagatA hai mukti, lAghava, tyAga aura tapa ke Akalana meM antara avazya huA hai| para yaha koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai| ve saba vastuta: eka-dUsare se atyanta sambaddha haiN| yahA~ yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki ina zramaNa dharmoM ke krama meM bhI kucha antara rahA hai| udAharaNa ke taura para mUlAcAra (752) meM kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, lAghava, tapa, saMyama, AkiMcana, brahmacarya, satya aura tyAga ye daza dharma ginAye gaye haiN| yahAM zauca ke sthAna para lAghava ko rakhA gayA hai| isakA tAtparya hai zvetAmbara paramparA aura mUlAcAra paramparA jur3I huI rahI hai| mUlAcAra ko kundakunda kA grantha yadi hama mAna leM 2010_03

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to yaha niSpatti ho sakatI hai ki unake samaya taka donoM paramparAyeM cala rahI thiiN| uttarakAla meM kundakundAcArya ne dvAdazAnuprekSA (70 gAthA) meM lAghava vAlI paramparA ko chor3akara kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcana aura brahmacarya ye daza dharma svIkAra kara liye| vartamAna meM digambara paramparA inhIM daza dharmoM ko isI krama meM svIkAra karatI hai| ina dharmoM ke sAtha zvetAmbara paramparA meM "sAdhu" athavA "uttama" ye do vizeSaNa prayukta hue haiN| udAharaNa ke lie ThANAMga (5.41) meM 'sAdhu' aura uttarAdhyayana (9.58) meM 'uttama' vizeSaNa kA prayoga huA hai| para digambara paramparA meM 'uttama' vizeSaNa kA hI prayoga adhika pracalita rahA hai| vaise donoM zabda lagabhaga samAnArthaka haiN| yadyapi ye dharma mukhyata: sAdhu varga ke lie haiM (dvAdazAnuprekSA, 68) / para yathAzakti zrAvakoM dvArA bhI unakA pAlana kiyA jAnA cAhie (paJcaviMzati, 6.59) / 'sAdhu' aura 'uttama vizeSaNoM ke pIche AcAryoM kA yahI uddezya rahA hai ki sAdhaka dharmArAdhanA meM khyAti, pUjA, satkAra Adi kA bhAva na rakhe, balki nivRttimArga meM apanI cetanA ko adhiSThita kiye rhe| (rA0vA0, 9.6.26; uttarA0, 9.58) / uparyukta dharmoM kI vyAkhyA AcAryoM ne zrAvakoM aura sAdhuoM ke lie kI hai| isI ko aNavrata aura mahAvrata kahA jAtA hai| yaha to paramparA rahI hI hai ki sAdhu zrAvaka ko pahale yatidharma kA upadeza de aura yadi vaha usakI zakti ke bAhara dikhe to phira zrAvaka dharma kI vyAkhyA kre| amRtacandrAcArya ne isI kA pAlana kiyA hai| para haribhadrasUri ne dharmabinduprakaraNa kA prArambha hI zrAvaka dharma se kiyA hai| ata: yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina paramparA meM ye donoM paddhatiyA~ pracalita rahI haiN| paryuSaNakalpa kA artha . paryuSaNa kA artha hama dekha hI cuke haiN| paryuSaNakalpasUtra ke anusAra 'kalpa' zabda kA artha hai-AcAra, maryAdA athavA saamaacaarii| AcArya umAsvAti ne prazamaratiprakaraNa (padya, 143) meM isa zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki jisa kArya yA AcaraNa se jJAna, zIla, tapa Adi kI vRddhi ho aura unake vighAtaka doSoM kA nAza ho vaha kalpa kahalAtA hai - sajjJAnazIlatapasAmupagrahaM ca dossaannaam| kalpayati nizcaye yat ttklpmvseym|| bRhatkalpasUtra meM dasa kalpoM kA varNana milatA hai - (1) Acelakya - acelakatA, nagnatA athavA alpvstrtaa| inheM kramaza: jinakalpI aura sthavirakalpI zramaNa kahA jAtA hai| inheM acelaka aura sacelaka bhI 2010_03

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kahA jAtA hai| (2) auddezika kisI zramaNa ko lakSya kara jo AhArAdi banAyA jAya to vaha usa zramaNa ko to nahIM grahaNa karanA cAhie, para anya zramaNoM ke lie vaha grahaNIya hai| (3) zayyAtarapiNDa zayyA kA tAtparya hai upAzraya, sthAnaka aadi| inheM banAnevAlA saMsAra-samudra se pAra ho jAtA hai| aise upAzraya Adi banAne vAle gRhastha ke bhojana ko zayyAtarapiNDa kahA jAtA hai| aisA bhojana zramaNa ke lie niSiddha hai| rAjA kA bhojana bhI niSiddha hai| (4) rAjapiNDa (5) kRtikarma - jyeSTha zramaNoM kA sammAna karanA, vinaya karanA / (6) vrata bAraha vratoM kA pAlana karanA / -- (7) jyeSThakalpa apane se jyeSTha zramaNoM kA samAdara karanA / yahA~ jyeSThatA kA nirNaya chedopasthApanIya cAritra ko grahaNa karane na karane ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| yahA~ ciradIkSitA sAdhvI ke lie bhI navadIkSita sAdhu vandanIya mAnA gayA hai| (8) pratikramaNa AtmAlocana kara apane mUla svabhAva meM vApasa AnA / (9) mAsakalpa - varSAkAla ke atirikta kahIM bhI eka mAha se adhika nahIM -- ThaharanA / - (10) paryuSaNakalpa - paryuSaNa parva ko manAnA / ina kalpoM meM Acelakya, auddezika, pratikramaNa, rAjapiNDa, mAsakalpa aura paryuSaNAkalpa prathama aura antima tIrthaGkaroM ke samaya hI vihita haiM tathA zeSa cAra kalpa caubIsoM tIrthaGkaroM ke samaya mAnya haiM ( Avazyaka niryukti, malayagirivRtti, patra 121 ) / isa paryuSaNAkalpa meM sAdhu varga ke lie pAMca vizeSa kartavyoM kA ullekha milatA hai - sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa, kezaloMca, yathAzakti tapasyA, AlocanA aura kSamApanA / yahA~ hama ina para pRthak rUpa se vicAra nahIM kara rahe haiN| para itanA avazya kahanA cAheMge ki ina kartavyoM kA pAlana karane se sAdhu meM saMsAra kI anityatA aura AtmA ke svabhAva para cintana gaharA hotA jAtA hai| isalie isa parva ko jAgaraNa parva kahA jAnA caahie| dharma ke sahI rUpa ko samajhane aura use AtmasAta karane kA yaha sarvottama mArga hai| paryuSaNa parva kA uddezya hamAre karma aura bhAva hamAre mana para avyakta rUpa meM saMskAra kI rekhAyeM nirmita kara dete haiM aura vahI saMskAra punarjanma ke kAraNa banate haiM / tathAgata buddha ne to udAna 2010_03

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meM pAMca sau janmoM taka saMskAroM ke prabhAva kI bAta svIkAra kI hai| ina bhAvoM kA eka AbhAmaNDala bana jAtA hai aura usI ke anusAra hamAre bhAvI janmagrahaNa kI prakriyA zuru hotI hai| mahAvIra kI rUpAntaraNa prakriyA nayasAra yA siMha paryAya se prArambha hotI hai aura mahAvIra taka Ate-Ate samApta ho jAtI hai / 7 paryuSaNa parva para tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita aura unake pUrva bhavoM para vizeSa carcA kI jAtI hai| isake pIche do dRSTikoNa mukhyataH rahe haiN| pahalA yaha ki AtmA ke astitva ke sAtha hI karma ke astitva kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAranA aura dUsarA ki mahAvIra ke carita ko sunakara svayaM kI AdhyAtmika cetanA ko jAgrata karane kA saMkalpa karanA / jIvana utthAna-patana kI kahAnI hai, sukha-duHkha kA saMgama hai| koI bhI vyakti duHkhoM ke bIca nahIM rahanA cAhatA / sukha-duHkha meM kArya kAraNabhAva kA sambandha hai| binA kAraNa ke unakI avasthiti nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai / sukha - duHkha kI avasthiti kA kAraNa jJAta hone para vyakti ke jIvana meM rUpAntaraNa A sakatA hai aura vaha saMsAra kI nazvaratA kA cintana karatA huA apanA AcaraNa vizuddha banA sakatA hai| jIvana ko vizuddhatA aura saralatA - sahajatA kI ora le jAnA hI paryuSaNa kA mukhya dhyeya hai| jIvana ko dhArmikatA kI ora unmukha kara sAMsArika kaSToM se mukta karAnA hI usakA lakSya hai| dharma kA svarUpa bhAratIya saMskRti meM dharma ke aneka artha milate haiM / una arthoM meM kartavya aura svabhAva artha adhika lokapriya rahA hai| dharma kI sArI paribhASAyeM ina donoM arthoM ke irda-girda ghUmatI rahatI haiN| yahIM nizcaya aura vyavahAra kA dArzanika kSetra bhI samAhita ho jAtA hai| jainAcAryoM ne dharma kI vyAkhyA nivRttivAdI dRSTi se adhika kI hai| svayaM nivRtti ke pujArI hone ke kAraNa dharma kA sambandha unhoMne saMsaraNa se mukta karAnevAle sAdhana se sthApita kiyA hai tathA ahiMsA aura dayA ko dharma kI prakRti mAnakara use AtmA kA svabhAva batAyA hai| AtmA kA svabhAva jJAna aura darzana krodhAdika vikAra bhAvoM ke kAraNa AvRtta ho gayA hai| vastu kA svabhAva usakI kSaNabhaMguratA hai aura vahI usakA dharma hai| isa dharma ko hRdayastha karane se kSamAdi bhAva svataH sphurita ho jAte haiN| isase vyakti kI cetanatA meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra rUpa ratnatraya panapa jAte haiM aura zrAvakadharma se munidharma kI ora jAne ke lie zubhopayoga se zuddhopayoga kI ora usake kadama Age bar3ha jAte haiN| isIlie dharma guru bhI hai aura mitra bhI hai| r dharma kI ina sArI paribhASAoM meM samaya-samaya para vikAsa huA hai| unameM do tattva spaSTa rUpa se sAmane Ate haiM, pahalA yaha ki dharma kA artha svabhAva hai aura jIva 2010_03

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kA svabhAva Ananda hai, aindriya sukha nhiiN| ata: atIndriya Ananda hI jIva kA dharma hai| jisa anuSThAna se isa Ananda kI prApti hotI hai vaha dharma hai| isakI prApti meM sAdhana aura sAdhya donoM parama vizuddha aura ahiMsaka honA caahie|5 dUsarA tattva hai - rAga, dveSa, moha ke kAraNa janma-janmAntaroM meM bhaTakanA aura sAMsArika duHkhoM meM jiinaa| isalie dharmAcAryoM ne sAMsArika duHkhoM kA khUba varNana kiyA hai| narakoM ke duHkhoM aura svarga ke sukhoM ke varNana ke pIche yahI dRSTi rahI hai ki vyakti hiMsAdi kriyAoM se dUra rahakara pArasparika sahayoga aura maitrIbhAva se apanA samayayApana kre| isa dRSTi se dharmAcArya cikitsaka ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane Aye haiM aura unhoMne prasthApita kiyA hai ki jIvoM kA rakSaNa karanA hI dharma hai|6| brAhmaNa saMskRti vistAravAdI rahI hai, jahA~ se bhaktizAstra kA udbhava huA hai| avatAravAda aura samarpaNavAda bhI vahIM panapA hai| isake viparIta zramaNa saMskRti saMkocavAdI aura saMgharSavAdI rahA hai| vahA~ avatAravAda ko koI sthAna nahIM hai| vahA~ to uttAravAdI dRSTikoNa rahA hai| viSaya-vAsanAoM kI sahaja-saraladhArA ke viparIta calanA usakI saMgharSavAdI dRSTi hai| saMsAra usakA ghara nahIM hai| usakA ghara to hai mokSa, jahA~ vaha dharma kI ArAdhanA kara vApisa pahu~ca jAtA hai| tIrthaGkaroM ke prati zraddhA aura bhakti usakA sAdhana avazya hai, vaha vyavahArata: unakI zaraNa meM jAne kI bAta bhI karatA hai, para mUlata: azaraNa aura ekatva kI bhAvanA pAkara vaha parama dharma kA pAlana karatA hai isalie usake lie ve kalyANamitra haiN| . jaina saMskRti ne saMsAra ko satya mAnA hai, mAyA nahIM maanaa| saMsAra kI vAstavikatA ko samajhane se hI dharma ko samajhA jA sakatA hai isalie jainadharma kI bhASA dhyAna kI bhASA hai, pUjA kI nhiiN| dhyAna ke mAdhyama se vaha para-padArthoM se moha ko tor3atA hai jahA~ mAtra zuddha caitanya baca jAtA hai| yahI parama satya hai jo jIvana ke manthana se prApta ho pAtA hai| dharma kA sambandha jainadharma meM janma se nahIM karma se hai| usakA sambandha antazcetanA se hai, isalie dhArmika honA sarala nahIM hotaa| vaha eka durUha sAdhanA kA phala hai| vaha dRr3hasaMkalpa aura parizrama se mila pAtA hai| ahaM aura mama ke tyAga se hI vaha upalabdha ho pAtA hai| zarIra aura AtmA tathA maiM aura para ke bIca bhedavijJAna ho jAnA hI sahI dhArmika honA kahA jA sakatA hai| svAnubhUti ke binA yaha dhArmikatA nahIM aatii| ___ isa svAnubhUti aura dhArmikatA kA sambandha kisI avasthA vizeSa se nahIM hai| use hama bur3hApe kI davA bhI nahIM kaha skte| vaha to vastuta: prArambha se hI susaMskArita hone kA sAdhana hai| indriyA~ jaba zaktizAlI hotI haiM, zarIra taruNa hotA hai; taba unase saMgharSa kara sahI dhArmikatA ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadi hamArI AMkheM sahI haiM, 2010_03

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dRSTi meM bhedavijJAna hai, to svAnubhUti ke lie viSaya sarvatra haiN| basa, sAdhaka ko satya kA khojI honA caahie| satya kI khoja ke lie sAdhaka dAna, pUjA, vrata, tyAga Adi ke mAdhyama se bAhya anuSThAna karatA avazya hai, para usakA Antarika anuSThAna vItarAgatA aura samatA kI sAdhanA karanA hai| bAhya anuSThAna vyavahAradharma kI paridhi meM rahatA hai aura Antarika anuSThAna ko nizcaya dharma kahA jAtA hai| bAhya anuSThAna nizcaya dharma taka pahu~cane ke lie eka sazakta mAdhyama hai| isI nizcaya-sApekSa vyavahAra dharma meM kSamA, mArdava, Arjava Adi daza dharma prakaTa hote haiN| dazalakSaNa parva ke daza dinoM meM inhIM dharma kI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai| inhIM para cintana, manana aura nididhyAsana hotA hai| inhIM ko pAlana karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| ye sabhI dharma yadyapi eka-dUsare se sambaddha rahate haiM, para una para pRthak-pRthak cintana kara sAdhaka apanA citta dharma kI ora mor3a sakatA hai aura jIvana ke sahI artha ko samajha sakatA hai isIlie ise mahAparva kahA jAtA hai| isa mahAparva kA sambandha tIrthaMkara AdinAtha RSabhadeva tathA unakI paramparA ko saMpoSita karane vAle tIrthaMkara mahAvIra se rahA hai| isalie Age ke pRSThoM meM hama unake tathA unake dvArA pravedita daza dharmoM ke viSaya meM kucha jAnakArI prastuta kreNge| . sandarbha 1. dhammo vatthusahAvo khamAdibhAvo ya dasaviho dhmmo| rayaNattayaM ca dhammo, jIvANaM rakkhaNaM dhmmo|| -- kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 478. uttamakhamamaddavajjavasaccasauccaM ca saMjamaM cev| tavatAgamakiMcaNhaM bamhA iti dasavihaM hodi|| vahI, gAthA 70 (ta0sU0, 9.6; bha0A0vi0 46.154.10) 3. dRSTaprayojanaparivarjanArthamuttamavizeSaNam - sa0si0, 9.6.4135; rA0vA0, 9.6.26; uttarA0, 9.58; uttamagrahaNaM khyAtipUjAdinivRttyartham - cA0 sA0, pR0 58. 4. dharmo guruzca mitraM ca dharmaH svAmI ca baandhvH| anAthavatsalaH so'yaM saMtrAtA kAraNaM binaa|| - jJAnArNava, 2.10. ayaM jinopadiSTo dharmo'hiMsAlakSaNa: satyAdhiSThito vinymuulH| kSamAbalo brahmacaryagupta: upazamapradhAno niyatilakSaNo nissprigrhtaavlmbnH| sa0si0, 9.7. 6. jIvANaM rakkhaNaM dhmmo| kA0a0mU0, 478. 2010_03

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2 tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva aura unakI sAMskRtika paramparA jaina saMskRti kA mUla uddezya vyakti kI AdhyAtmika cetanA ko jAgRta karanA aura usako sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se vikasita karanA rahA hai| jaina zramaNa- sAdhanA ke dhanI hote haiM, AcAra-vicAra ke pakke hote haiM, unakI samUcI caryA meM vItarAgatA bharI rahatI hai| sva-para kalyANa ke bhAva sane rahate haiM, jo mana ko amana kara dete haiM aura saMkalpa ko dRr3ha banAte haiN| tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva aise hI mahAzramaNa hue haiM, jinase jaina paramparA kA Adi srota jur3A huA hai| tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva jaina sAMskRtika paramparA ke hI Adya mahAdeva nahIM the balki samUcI bhAratIya saMskRti ke bhI praNetA the| vaidika sAhitya meM unake samAnAntara ullekha isa tathya kI ora spaSTa saMketa karate dikhAI dete haiM ki ve vastutaH sarvamAnya mahApuruSa the, jinhoMne parama vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA karane ke sAtha hI samAja ko karmaThatA kA sandeza diyaa| eka samaya thA jaba RSabhadeva kI prAcInatA para aura unake aitihAsika vyaktitva para praznacihna khar3A kiyA jAtA thA, para jabase prAcInatama grantha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita Rgveda tathA anya vaidika sAhitya ke ullekhoM kA udghATana huA hai tabase vaha vivAda lagabhaga samApta hotA jA rahA hai aura eka svara meM unheM AdipuruSa ke rUpa meM pratiSThA milatI jA rahI hai| AdipuruSa se sambaddha prAcIna uddharaNoM se hama Apako bojhila nahIM karanA cAheMge, para itanA avazya kahanA cAheMge ki Rgveda (2.33.10, 10.223, 10.11.136), atharvaveda (15.1.1.1, 15.2.3.1.2) Adi vaidika granthoM meM dazoM ullekha aise Aye haiM jinase unheM arhat, muni aura vrAtya maNDala ke zIrSastha netA ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| Rgveda meM vAtarazanA muni aura hiraNyagarbha ke rUpa meM unakI hI stuti kI gayI hai / vrAtya maNDala meM nirdiSTa vrAtya paramparA kezI - RSabha kI paramparA ko bhalI-bhA~ti samAhita kiye hue hai| jinasena ne apane sahasranAma meM inhIM zabdoM ko AdinAtha ke sAtha bhalI-bhA~ti prayukta kiyA hai| purANakAla taka Ate-Ate tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva nirgrantha paramparA ke Adideva ke rUpa meM hI pratiSThita nahIM hue, balki unake avadAna kA mUlyAMkana karate hue zrImadbhAgavata 2010_03

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11 purANa ke racayitA maharSi vedavyAsa ne paJcama skandha meM bhagavAn viSNu ke AThaveM avatAra ke rUpa meM unheM pratiSThita kara diyaa| vahA~ unakA samUcA caritrAMkana karate hue digambara jaina paramparA ke pravartaka, yogIzvara paramahaMsa, vAtarazanA zramaNoM ke mUrdhanya mahApuruSa kahakara unakI manorama stuti kI hai| itanA hI nahIM, unake putra bharata cakravartI ke nAma para hI 'bhArata' deza ke abhidhAna ko AkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai ( 5.4.9) / vaidika aura jaina sAhitya ke ullekhoM ke AdhAra para Aja yaha mAnyatA balavatI - sI hotI jA rahI hai ki RSabhadeva aura ziva abhinna vyaktitva rahe hoMge, donoM ke vyaktitva kI samAnatAeM isa tathya kA samarthana karatI najara AtI haiN| yadi ise hama satya mAna leM to yaha kaha sakate haiM ki RSabhadeva ke dvArA pratiSThita jIvana-sUtroM kA AdhAra lekara hI nivRtti aura pravRtti paramparA kA sUtrapAta huaa| vyakti ke vividha svabhAvoM aura pakSoM kI bhUmikA para hI nirgrantha zramaNa paramparA aura vaidika paramparA kA nirmANa huaa| bhakti paramparA kA udbhava bhI isI strota se huA / kadAcit yahI kAraNa hai ki RSabha ke pautra va bharata ke putra mArIci ko purANoM meM vaidika dharma kA pravartaka kahA gayA hai, yaha mArIci vahI vyaktitva ho sakatA hai, jisane Age calakara mahAvIra ke rUpa meM janma grahaNa kiyA aura jaina paramparA ke caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara ke rUpa meM pratiSThA pAyI / isa sandarbha meM hama purANa sAhitya para vizeSa dhyAna deM, to RSabhadeva kI prAcIna paramparA para saMyuktika prakAza par3atA hai| 'purANa' zabda cU~ki apane Apa meM eka prAcIna aitihAsika tathya tathA paramparA kA Akalana karatA hai, isalie use hama bilkula prAmANika bhale hI na kaheM para usakI upekSA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| vaidika purANa sAhitya meM avatAravAda kA vikAsa huA hai, yaha hama sabhI jAnate haiN| tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva ko viSNu kA avatAra mAnane vAloM meM zrImadbhAgavatapurANa ko chor3akara anyatra kisI bhI purANa meM isakA varNana nahIM miltaa| garur3apurANa (26.30.13) meM itanA avazya kahA gayA hai ki agnIdhra ke 9 putroM meM nAbhi eka putra thA, jise marudevI se RSabha putra huaa| RSabha kA putra bharata thA jo zAliprabha kA upAsaka aura vratadhArI thA / yahA~ bharata ke putra tejasa ko parameSThI aura yogAbhyAsI kahA gayA hai| isase itanA to siddha hotA hI hai ki purANakAla taka Ate-Ate RSabhadeva jaina paramparA ke AdipuruSa haiM, kI mAnyatA sthApita ho cukI thI / purANakAla meM RSabhadeva aura ziva kI ekAkAratA bhI dikhAI detI hai / liGgapurANa meM ziva kI tIna prakAra kI mUrtiyoM kA varNana milatA hai| aliGgI liGgI aura liGgAliGgI isI sandarbha meM ziva kI ArAdhanA meM unheM nagna, digvAsa aura RSabha kahA gayA haibhasma pAsu digvAso nagno vikRta lakSaNa: (22 - 28) namo digvAsase nityam, 22.1; grAmyANAm vRSabhazcAsi 22.7 / yahIM ziva ko vRSabhadhvaja bhI kahA gayA hai 2010_03

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aura unheM digambaratva aura nagnatva kA poSaka mAnA gayA hai| isI sandarbha meM viSNaparANa kA vaha uddharaNa bhI ullekhanIya hai, jahA~ digambara, muNDa, barhipicchadhara, digvAsa, vItarAga, anekAntavAda, arhat jaise jainadharma ke viziSTa zabdoM kA ullekha huA hai (18.1.30) / tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva kI prAcInatA ke sandarbha meM vedavyAsa racita zrImadbhAgavata kA vizeSa avadAna dikhAI detA hai| Rgveda meM ullikhita vAtarazanA kA ullekha zramaNa RSiyoM ke lie isa purANa meM bhI AyA hai, jisase yaha siddha hotA hai ki Rgveda ke RSabhadeva aura vAtarazanA RSi samudAya jaina paramparA se hI sambaddha the| vahA~ unheM zramaNa dharma pravartaka, digambara saMnyAsI tathA urdhvacetA kahA gayA hai| jIvana ghaTanAe~ tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva antima kulakara nAbhirAja ke putra the| unakI mAtA marudevI thiiN| IkSvAkuvaMzI nAbhirAja ayodhyA ke eka lokapriya rAjA the| taruNa hone para nAbhirAja ne RSabhadeva kA vivAha sunandA aura sumaMgalA se kara diyaa| sunandA ne tejasvI putra bAhubalI aura putrI sundarI ko janma diyA aura sumaMgalA ne bharata sahita 99 putroM aura brAhmI putrI ko janma diyaa| ___ samaya Ane para RSabhadeva ne bharata ko ayodhyA kA, bAhubalI ko takSazilA kA aura zeSa yuvarAjoM ko unakI yogyatAnusAra rAjya sauMpakara saMsAra tyAga diyA aura dIkSA lekara sAdhanA meM lIna ho gye| sAdhanAkAla meM pANipAtrI RSabhadeva eka varSa taka nirAhAra rhe| bAda meM bAhubalI ke pautra zreyAMsa kumAra ne ikSurasa dekara unakI isa nirAhAravRtti ko todd'aa| lagAtAra eka hajAra varSa taka tapasyA karanevAle muni RSabhadeva ne anta meM kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura dharmadezanA prArambha kii| prathama dharmadezanA bharata ke putra mArIci ko dI, jo bAda meM caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara mahAvIra bne| isI taraha brAhmI aura sundarI ne bhI tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva se dIkSA le lii| bharata ke anya 98 bhAiyoM ne bhI jina dIkSA lekara apanA AtmakalyANa kiyaa| idhara bharata cakravartI meM samrATa banane kI prabala AkAMkSA jaagii| unhoMne Atmasamarpita hone ke lie sabhI narezoM ke pAsa dUta bheje| mahAbalI bAhubalI ko chor3akara sabhI narezoM ne bharata kA Adhipatya svIkAra kara liyaa| vyartha meM prANIhiMsA na ho isa dRSTi se donoM bhAiyoM ke bIca jalayuddha, dRSTiyuddha aura mallayuddha huaa| unameM bAhubalI vijayI he| bharata ne apanI parAjaya se kruddha hokara bAhubalI ke Upara cakra calAyA, para vaha bAhubalI kA ghAta kiye binA hI vApisa A gyaa| sagotraja aura carama zarIrI kA vaha vadha nahIM krtaa| yaha dekhakara bharata lajjita hue tathA bAhubalI ko sAmrAjya-lipsA se glAni huI, phalata: unhoMne rAjya tyAgakara jina dIkSA le lI aura ___ 2010_03

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kaThora tapa kiyaa| bAda meM kevalajJAna prApta kara nirvANa bhI prApta kiyaa| bharata-bAhubalI yuddha kI ye sArI ghaTanAyeM podanapura meM huI thI jisakI avasthiti Aja bhI vivAdAspada banI huI hai| adhika sambhAvanA yahI hai ki yaha podanapura dakSiNa meM honA caahie| jahA~ taka AdinAtha RSabhadeva ke sAMskRtika avadAna kA prazna hai, ve eka saMskRti vizeSa ke purodhA to the hI, sAtha hI unhoMne mAnava ko sAmAjikatA kA pATha bhI pddh'aayaa| bhogabhUmi se karmabhUmi kI ora Ane kA samaya eka saMkrAnti kAla thA aura saMkrAnti kAla ke vAtAvaraNa ko apane anurUpa banAnA sarala nahIM thaa| RSabhadeva ne isa durUha kArya ko sarala banA diyaa|asi, masi, kRSi, vANijya-vidyA aura zilpa kI zikSA ke sAtha hI causaTha yA bahattara kalAoMkA adhyayana bhI unake yogadAna ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| samAja ne ina sArI kalAoM ko samarasatApUrvaka AtmasAta kiyA aura parasparopagraho jIvAnAm ke AdhAra para ahiMsA aura aparigraha kI cetanA ko nayA svara diyaa| astitva ke prazna ko jitanI sudRr3hatA ke sAtha yahA~ samAdhAnita kiyA gayA hai vaha apane Apa meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| saha-astitva aura sahabhAgitA para AdhArita jainadharma ko prasthApita karane kA zreya tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva ko hI jAtA hai| unake dvArA pravedita sUtra hI uttarakAlIna jainadharma kI AdhArazilA rahe haiN| daNDa-vyavasthA, rAja-vyavasthA, vivAha-prathA, vyavasAya, khAdya samasyA kA hala, zikSA, kalA aura zilpa Adi kSetroM meM unhoMne nayI vyavasthA ko janma diyaa| tIrthaGkara ajita, sambhava, abhinandana, sumati, padma, supArzva, candraprabha, puSpadanta, zItalanAtha, zreyAMsa, vAsupUjya, vimalanAtha, dharmanAtha, zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha, aranAtha, mallinAtha, muni suvratanAtha, naminAtha, ariSTanemi, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra tIrthaGkara bhI isI paramparA meM hue hai, inameM se hama yahA~ antima tIna tIrthaGkaroM dvArA diye gaye avadAna para vicAra kreNge| tIrthaGkara ariSTanemi tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva kI paramparA meM bAIsaveM tIrthaGkara ariSTanemi hue, jo bar3e prabhAvazAlI mahApuruSa the| aneka janmoM ko pAra karane ke bAda ve yamunA taTa para avasthita zauryapura ke rAjA samudravijaya aura rAnI zivAdevI ke putra rUpa meM jnme| yAdavavaMzI samudravijaya ke anuja kA nAma thA vasudeva, jinakI do rAniyA~ thIM, rohiNI aura devkii| rohiNI ke putra kA nAma balarAma yA balabhadra thA aura devakI ke putra shriikRssnn| zrIkRSNa aura ariSTanemi kI aneka bAla lIlAeM prasiddha haiM, zakti pradarzana bhI aneka bAra huA hai, jinameM ariSTanemi sadaiva jItate rahe haiN| yaha zAyada unake brahmacarya 2010_03

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kA pratApa rahA hai| ariSTanemi ke vivAha kA Ayojana bhojavaMzI ugrasena kI putrI rAjamatI ke sAtha huA, para vivAha ke lie vadhya pazuoM ko dekhakara unake mana meM vairAgya utpanna ho gayA aura ve jina dIkSA lekara tapasyA karane nikala pdd'e| rAjamatI ne bhI bAda meM dIkSA le lii| ariSTanemi ne kaThora tapasyA karate hue kevala jJAna prApta kiyA aura phira siddha ho gye| unakI yaha bhaviSyavANI akSaraza: siddha huI ki yAdavoM kI uddaNDatA ke kAraNa dvaipAyana muni ke krodha se dvArikA nagarI bArahaveM varSa meM jala jaaegii| tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha teIsaveM tIrthaGkara ke rUpa meM itihAsa meM vizruta haiN| unake dasa pUrvajanmoM kA varNana milatA hai| unakA janma ikSvAkuvaMzIya ugravaMza meM huA thaa| unake pitA azvasena aura mAtA brAhmI yA vAmA thiiN| azvasena kAzI ke rAjA the| ve kadAcit avivAhita hI rhe| unhoMne saMsAra chor3akara jinadIkSA le lI aura aneka upasarga sahana karate hue nirvANa prApta kiyaa| unakI zAsana devI padmAvatI rahI haiN| pAlipiTaka meM pArzvanAtha ke cAturyAma kA ullekha aneka bAra huA hai| nAga, draviDa Adi jAtiyoM meM unakI mAnyatA asandigdha hai| unakA nirvANa sammedazikhara para huA thaa| ata: ve nirvivAda rUpa se aitihAsika vyaktitva ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiye jAte haiN| tIrthaGkara mahAvIra pArzvanAtha ke 250 varSa bAda tIrthaGkara mahAvIra hue| jIva kI janma paramparA to anAdi rahI hai, para jisa janma meM jIva kI jIvana-dRSTi meM sAdhAraNa-sA parivartana AyA, usI janma se isa zRMkhalA kA prArambha karate haiN| mahAvIra kA pUrva janma isa dRSTi se pururavA se prArambha hotA hai jo mArIci, jaTila, vizvabhUti, nayasAra, mahAzukadeva, tripRSTha, siMha Adi janmoM meM ghUmatA huA vaizAlI ke rAjakumAra mahAvIra ke rUpa meM janma sthira huaa| vardhamAna mahAvIra aura jainadharma tIrthaGkara mahAvIra bhAratIya saMskRti ke ananya upAsaka aura aitihAsika mahApuruSa hue hai| ve jaina paramparA ke caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara mAne jAte haiN| unhoMne hiMsA, puruSArtha aura samatA kA pATha dekara jo jana-kalyANa kiyA hai vaha apane ApameM anUThA hai| unakI vaicArika saMskRti ko zramaNa saMskRti kahA jAtA hai jisameM samatA aura zramavAdI vicAradhArA samanvita hai| bhArata sarakAra se sambaddha enasIAraTI ke pAThyakrama meM tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ke sandarbha meM jo pATha diyA gayA hai vaha itihAsa-paramparA se anabhijJatA ko sUcita karatA hai| usI 2010_03

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15 ke Aloka meM hama yahA~ sapramANa usakA khaNDana karate hue tathyoM ko prastuta kara tIrthaGkara paramparA jaisA pahale kahA jA cukA hai, jaina paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra ke pahale teIsa tIrthaGkara aura ho cuke haiM jinhoMne mAnavatA kA sandeza diyaa| unameM prathama tIrthaGkara haiM RSabhadeva jinake pitA kA nAma nAbhi kulakara aura mAtA kA nAma marudevI thaa| ve hamArI saMskRti ke unnAyaka aura Adya pravartaka the| asi, masi, kRSi, vANijya, vidyA aura zilpa ke janmadAtA vahI mAne jAte haiN| Rgveda Adi prAcInatama granthoM meM unakA ullekha huA hai| unake putra cakravartI bharata ke nAma para hamAre deza kA nAma bhArata par3A hai| 2 bhagavAn ziva, rAma aura kRSNa ke samAna prathama bAIsa tIrthaGkaroM kI yaha paramparA bhI ardha-aitihAsika hai; kyoMki sAhityika ullekhoM ke atirikta purAtAttvika sAmagrI unake viSaya meM upalabdha nahIM hotii| bAIsaveM tIrthaGkara neminAtha bhagavAn kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the aura teIsaveM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha tIrthaGkara mahAvIra se lagabhaga 250 varSa pahale he| pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra, donoM aitihAsika mahApuruSa haiN| isalie aitihAsika dRSTi se mahAvIra jainadharma ke na to saMsthApaka haiM aura na prvrtk| ve to vastuta: tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva se calI A rahI paramparA ke pracAraka aura prasAraka haiN| 3 jainadharma ke ina sabhI tIrthaGkaroM kI janmabhUmi aura karmabhUmi hone kA gaurava madhyadeza ko milA hai, vizeSa rUpa se madhya-gaMgA maidAna aura bihAra ko| yahA~ ke janapadoM kA itihAsa bhale hI chaThI zatAbdI I0pU0 se prArambha hotA hai para purAtAttvika pramANoM se yahAM mAnava kA astitva lagabhaga chaha hajAra I0pU0 milatA hai| isalie paurANika paramparA ko ekadama jhuThalAyA nahIM jA sktaa| mahAvIra : pUrvabhava kI paramparA kA pariNAma jaina saMskRti karmapradhAna saMskRti hai, usameM, AtmA ko svabhAvataH anAdi, avinazvara aura vizuddha mAnakara use mithyAtva aura moha ke kAraNa saMsArabaddha batAyA gayA hai| AtmA ananta zakti kA srota hai| ___ saMsArAvasthA meM yaha zakti avikasita aura aprakaTa rahatI hai| zanaiH zanaiH bhedavijJAna hone para vaha apanI mUla avasthA meM A jAtI hai| isa avasthA ko prApta karane ke lie use agaNita janma-janmAntara bhI grahaNa karane par3ate haiN| mahAvIra ke ina janma-janmAntaroM athavA pUrvabhavoM kA varNana uttara purANa, samavAyAga, Avazyaka niyukti, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, mahAvIracarita, kalpasUtra Adi granthoM meM milatA hai| ina granthoM meM mahAvIra ke jIva ke pUrvabhava sambandha kA prArambha 2010_03

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RSabhadeva ke putra bharata aura bharata kI mahiSI anantamati ke putra marIci se kiyA gayA hai| mahAvIra ke aise taitIsa athavA sattAIsa pramukha bhavoM kA varNana milatA hai-- (1) pururavA athavA nayasAra grAma cintaka, (2) saudharmadeva, (3) marIci, (4) brahmasvarga kA deva, (5) jaTila athavA kauzika brAhmaNa, (6) saudharma svarga kA deva, (7) pRSpamitra brAhmaNa, (8) agnidyota athavA agnisaha brAhmaNa, (9) saudharma svarga athavA dvitIyakalpa kA deva, (10) agnimitra athavA agnibhUta brAhmaNa, (11) mahendrasAgara kA deva, (12) bhAradvAja brAhmaNa, (13) mAhendra svarga kA deva, (14) sthAvara brAhmaNa, (15) sthAvara brAhmaNa, (16)vizvanandi athavA vizvabhUti, (17) mahAzukra svarga kA deva, (18) tripuSTha nArAyaNa, (19) sAtaveM naraka kA nArakI, (20) siMha, (21) prathama yA caturtha naraka kA nArakI, (22) priyamitra cakravartI, (23) mahAzukra kalpa kA deva, (24) nandana yA nandarAja, (25) lAnata yA prANata svarga kA deva, (26) devAnandA ke garbha meM, (27) trizalA kI kukSi se bhagavAn mhaaviir| isa bIca hariSeNa, kanakojvala rAjA, sahasrAra svarga Adi meM bhI mahAvIra kI jIva ne janma grahaNa kiyA thaa| ina bhAvoM para dRSTipAta karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha jIva kabhI dharma dhAraNa karane para saudharma svarga ke sukhoM ko bhogatA hai to kabhI kumArgagAmI hokara saptama naraka ke bhI dAruNa duHkhoM ko bhogatA hai| mahAvIra kA jIva saMsaraNa karatA huA apanI siMha paryAya meM ajitaMjaya nAmaka cAraNa RddhidhArI muni se sambodhana pAtA hai aura nayasAra ke bhava meM muni ko AhAradAna aura unake pavitra upadeza se usake jIvana meM parivartana AtA hai| usake antaHkaraNa se krUratA kA viSAkta bhAva sadA ke lie naSTa ho jAtA hai aura vaha raudrarasa ke sthAna para zAntarasa ko grahaNa kara letA hai| punaH vaha sAdhanA se bhaTaka bhI jAtA hai kintu anta meM punaH prabuddha hokara apanA carama vikAsa kara letA hai| pUrva bhava kI paramparA para Aja kI pragatizIla pIr3hI ko bhale hI vizvAsa na ho para yaha tathya pracchanna nahIM ki hamArI janma paramparA hamArI kArya paramparA para AdhArita hai| vizva ke lagabhaga sabhI dharma punarjanma para vizvAsa karate haiN| pAithAgorasa, sukarAta, pleTo Adi pAzcAtya vicAraka bhI usa para AsthA karate dikhAI dete haiN| 'rIiMkAranezana' jaisI aneka pustakeM bhI sAmane AyI hai| aneka vaijJAnika saMsthAeM isa tattva para zodha kara rahI haiN| isakA sarvaprathama zreya rAyabahAdura zyAmasundaralAla ko diyA jA sakatA hai jinhoMne san 1922-23 meM isa prakAra kI ghaTanAoM kA vaijJAnika adhyayana prArambha kiyaa| 2010_03

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17 hamAre karma aura bhAva hamAre mana para avyakta rUpa meM saMskAra kI rekhAeM nirmita kara dete haiM aura vahI saMskAra punarjanma ke kAraNa banate haiN| tathAgata buddha ne to udAna meM pAMca sau janmoM taka saMskAroM ke prabhAva kI bAta svIkAra kI hai| ina bhAvoM kA eka AbhAmaNDala bana jAtA hai aura usI ke anusAra hamAre bhAvI janma grahaNa kI prakriyA zurU hotI hai| mahAvIra kI rUpAntaraNa prakriyA nayasAra yA siMha paryAya se prArambha hotI hai aura mahAvIra taka Ate-Ate samApta ho jAtI hai| paryuSaNa parva para tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ke jIvanacarita aura unake pUrva bhavoM para vizeSa carcA kI jAtI hai| isake pIche do dRSTikoNa mukhyata: rahe haiN| pahalA yaha ki AtmA ke astitva ke sAtha hI karma ke astitva kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAranA aura dUsarA yaha ki mahAvIra ke carita ko sunakara svayaM kI AdhyAtmika cetanA ko jAgRta karane kA saMkalpa krnaa| jIvana utthAna-patana kI kahAnI hai| vaha sukha-duHkha kA samanvita rUpa hai| sukha-duHkha ke bIca nahIM raha paataa| sukha-duHkha meM kArya-kAraNa bhAva kA sambandha hai| binA kAraNa unakI avasthiti nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai| sukha-duHkha kI avasthiti kA kAraNa jJAta hone para vyakti ke jIvana meM rUpAntaraNa A sakatA hai aura vaha saMsAra kI nazvaratA kA cintana karatA huA apanA AcaraNa vizuddha banA sakatA hai| jIvana kI vizuddhatA aura saralatA sahajatA kI ora le jAnA hI paryuSaNa kA mukhya dhyeya hai| tIrthakara mahAvIra kA avataraNa __isI bihAra ke vaizAlI (vasADha) nagara ke samIpavartI kuNDagrAma meM mahAvIra kA janma Aja se 599 I0pU0 caitra zuklA trayodazI ke dina huA thaa| yaha vaizAlI vajjI gaNatantra kI rAjadhAnI thii| unake pitA jJAtRkulIya licchavI kSatriya rAjA siddhArtha the, jo ikSvAkuvaMzIya kAzyapa gotrI the| unakI mAtA kA nAma trizalA thA jo videha rAjA ceTaka kI putrI thii| mithilA aura videha kA yaha rAjanItika sambandha kAlAntara meM AdhyAtmika sambandha se jur3a gyaa| mahAvIra ke janma hote hI rAjya meM samRddhi kA yuga A gayA isalie unakA nAma "vardhamAna'' rakhA gyaa| 5 tejasvI bAlaka vardhamAna bacapana se hI pratibhA ke dhanI the| isalie unheM kisI AcArya kI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'ii| ve bAlyAvasthA se hI bar3e zaktizAlI aura sAhasI rAjakumAra the| lagabhaga ATha varSa kI avasthA meM unhoMne eka dina khelate-khelate hI eka bhayAnaka bhImakAya sarpa kI pUMcha pakar3akara use bahuta dUra pheMka diyaa| taba se unheM "mahAvIra" kahA jAne lgaa|6 isI taraha unake jIvana ke vividha prasaMgoM ke kAraNa hI 2010_03

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18 unheM vIra, sanmati aura ativIra bhI kahA jAtA hai| rAjakumAra vardhamAna gRhasthAvasthA meM rahate hue bhI bhoga aura vAsanAoM meM nirAsakta the| saMsAra kI gahanatA aura asAratA kA anubhava unheM ho cukA thaa| AdhyAtmika cintanazIlatA rAta-dina bar3hatI calI jA rahI thii| phalasvarUpa lagabhaga tIsa varSa kI bharI yuvAvasthA meM unhoMne ghara-bAra chor3a diyA aura parama vItarAgI santa ke rUpa meM kaThora tapasyA karane lge| isa mahAbhiniSkramaNa se lekara kevalajJAna kI prApti taka unhoMne lagabhaga bAraha varSa taka bhISaNa upasarga sahe, yAtanAyeM bhogI aura samabhAva se samIpavartI pradezoM meM paidala bhramaNakara AtmasAdhanA kii|8 anta meM rAjagRha ke pAsa RjukulA nadI ke taTavartI zAlavRkSa ke nIce tapasyA karate hue godhUli velA meM mahAvIra ne kevalajJAna kI prApti kii| aba ve arhanta, sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI ho gye|9 kevalajJAna prApti ke bAda mahAvIra ne svAnubhUti se prApta jIvana-darzana ko binA kisI bhedabhAva ke sabhI jAti aura sampradAya ke logoM taka pahuMcAne kA saMkalpa kiyaa| ve rAjagRha kI ora bar3he jahAM vipulAcala parvata para taiyAra kiye gaye vizAla samavazaraNa (pANDAla) meM baiThakara sabhI prANiyoM ko samAna bhAva se jIvana sandeza diyaa| isI samavazaraNa meM indrabhUti gautama, sudharmA Adi gyAraha prasiddha brAhmaNa vidvAna bhI apanI ziSya maNDalI sahita vahA~ phuNce| unhoMne mahAvIra se kucha dArzanika prazna pUche aura santuSTa ho jAne para ve unake anuyAyI ho gye| mahAvIra ne unheM phira apane-apane saMgha kA netA banA diyA aura "gaNadhara" kI saMjJA de dii| mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko abhivyakti dene kA kArya inhIM gaNadharoM ne kiyA thaa|10 gaNadharoM ke ziSya bana jAne para mahAvIra kI lokapriyatA aura bhI adhika bar3ha gyii| sAtha hI unake anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA bhI bar3hane lgii| yaha dekhakara mahAvIra ne gaNoM kI sthApanA kI aura ina vidvAn gaNadharoM kI dekharekha meM cAra prakAra ke saMgha kI nIMva DAlI jinameM zrAvaka, zrAvikA, zramaNa (muni) aura zramaNI (AryikA) sammilita the| 11 tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ne apane tIsa varSIya dharma ke pracAra kAla meM jainadharma ko bhAratavarSa ke kone-kone meM phailA diyaa| unakA bhramaNa vizeSata: uttara, pUrva, pazcima aura madhya bhArata meM adhika haa| zrAvastI nareza prasenajita, magadhanareza zreNika bimbasAra, campAnareza dadhivAhana, kauzAmbInareza zatAnIka, kaliMganareza jitazatru Adi jaise pratApI rAjA mahArAjA bhagavAn ke kaTTara bhakta aura upAsaka the| 12 lagabhaga bahattara varSa kI avasthA taka mahAvIra ne sAre deza meM paidala bhramaNa kara apane dharma kA pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| anta meM unakA parinirvANa malloM kI rAjadhAnI apApApurI (pAvApurI) meM kArtika kRSNa amAvasyA ke prAta:kAla I0pU0 527 meM huaa| ___ 2010_03

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19 isa pavitra dina kI smRti svarUpa unake anuyAyI jaina loga "dIpAvalI" manAkara AtmasAdhanA aura jJAnArAdhanA kA smaraNa karate haiM / 13 pAli sAhitya meM mahAvIra ko "nigaNThanAtaputta" ke nAma se ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| ve tathAgata buddha ke jyeSTha samakAlIna cintaka the / 14 uttarakAla meM mahAvIra kA dharma do sampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho gayA -- digambara aura zvetAmbara / digambara sampradAya pUrNa nirvastra avasthA meM mukti mAnatA hai jabaki zvetAmbara sampradAya savastra avasthA ko bhI unakA adhikArI banAtA hai / jainadharma aura siddhAnta tIrthaGkaroM meM cU~ki mahAzramaNa mahAvIra kI hI vANI hamAre pAsa zruti paramparA se surakSita hai isalie jainadharma unhIM ke nAma se vizeSa rUpa se jAnA jAtA hai| isa sandarbha meM kahA jAtA hai, prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva ne ahiMsA, satya aura acaurya ina tIna yAmoM meM apane samUce darzana ko prastuta kiyA thaa| tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha ne unameM aparigraha ko jor3akara cAra yAma banA diye 15 aura mahAvIra ne unameM brahmacarya ko pRthak kara pAMca yAma vratoM kA upadeza diyaa| apanI yugIna paristhitiyoM ke anusAra vratoM meM yaha parivardhana hotA rahA hai| yadyapi ahiMsA aura satya meM ina sabhI vratoM kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| para AcArika zithilatA ko dUra karane ke uddezya se unheM pRthak vratoM kA svarUpa diyA gayA hai| mahAvIra ne apane dharma ko ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa se vizeSa rUpa se jor3A aura unake sAtha samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, aura samyakcAritra rUpa ratnatrayapUrvaka AcaraNa ko pratiSThita kiyA / 16 AtmA ko astitva ke kendra meM rakhakara unhoMne karmavAda ko prasthApita kiyaa| unakI dRSTi meM vyakti kA karma hI usake sukha-duHkha aura punarjanma kAraNa hai / 17 sRSTi ke utpanna hone aura use saMrakSita rakhane meM kisI Izvara vizeSa kA hAtha nahIM hotaa| vaha to aneka kAraNoM se utpanna hotA hai, naSTa hotA hai, paryAyoM meM parivartita hotA rahatA hai aura mUla tattva sthAyI rUpa meM nirantara banA rahatA hai / 18 tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ne yaha bhI kahA ki pratyeka prANI meM tIrthaGkara hone kI kSamatA hai| isa kSamatA kA vikAsa pUrvokta ratnatrayapUrvaka bAraha vratoM ke paripAlana se kiyA jA sakatA hai| 19 gRhastha sthUla rUpa se jaba unakA pAlana karatA hai to ve aNuvratI kahalAte haiM aura sUkSmatA se unakA pAlana karane vAle muni mahAvratI kahalAte haiM / 20 arhanta mahAvIra ko indriya vijayI hone ke kAraNa "jina" kahA jAtA thA aura unake ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa rUpa dharma ko Arhat yA jindhrm| bAda meM lagabhaga AThavIM sadI meM unake anuyAyiyoM ko "jaina" kahA jAne lagA aura unake dharma ko "jainadharma" kI saMjJA de dI gii| unake isa dharma ko nirvANavAdI dharma bhI kahA jAtA thA jisameM AtmA karmabandhana se mukta hokara paramAtmA bana jAtA hai / 21 2010_03

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20 mahAvIra kA dharma, jAti, sampradAya aura varga vihIna dharma thaa| usameM vyakti kI pahacAna usake samyak cAritra se kI jAtI thii| 23 jainadharma ke mahAmantra "NamokAra mantra" meM bhI kisI vyakti vizeSa kA nAma nahIM balki caritraniSTha vyaktitva ko praNAma kiyA gayA hai| yaha usakI sArvabhaumikatA hai| 24 jaina darzana kI dRSTi se sabhI vicAroM meM satyAMza rahatA hai isalie use nakArAtmaka nahIM kahA jAnA cAhie balki samucita Adara dete hue sApekSa dRSTi se prastuta kiyA jAnA caahie| dUsaroM kI vicAradhArA ko guNavattA kI dRSTi se sammAna dene aura saMgharSa TAlane kA yaha eka acchA mArga hai| zAnti sthApita karane kA yaha sahI upAya hai| isI ko syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda kahA jAtA hai|25 ___ mahAvIra ke dharma kI eka anyatama vizeSatA hai -- AdhyAtmika saamyvaad| mahAvIra ne dharma kA artha hI samatA kiyA hai|26 unake anusAra saMsAra ke sabhI jIva samAna haiN| sabhI ko apanI cetanA ko vikasita karane kA samAna adhikAra hai| ve pUrNa vizuddha citta hokara nirvANa prApta kara sakate haiN| ata: indriya saMyamI hokara ahiMsA kA paripAlana karanA caahie| mahAvIra kI ahiMsA meM hiMsaka karmakANDa ko pUrI taraha se nakArA gayA hai aura ahiMsaka bhakti paramparA ko svIkArA gayA hai| 27 jainadharma ne isI taraha sAmAjika samatA ko janma dekara pAramparika varNavyavasthA kA khaNDana kiyaa| 28 usane jAtivAda ko asvIkAra kara usake sthAna para svayaMkRta karma kI vyavasthA dii| isI AdhAra para mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sabhI jAti ke logoM ne dIkSA lii| cANDAla bhI dIkSita hue|29 sabhI samudAyoM ke bIca samatA aura ekAtmakatA ko sthApita karane kA yaha eka aitihAsika kadama thaa| bAda meM bhagavAn buddha bhI isI kadama para cle| samatA ke hI AdhAra para nArI varga ko bhI unhoMne tatkAlIna dAsatA se mukta kiyA aura puruSa ke samakakSa khar3e hone aura vikAsa karane kA avasara diyaa|30 samatA kI isI bhUmikA ke sAtha mahAvIra ne aparigraha dharma meM Arthika samAnatA ko janma diyA aura sarvodayavAda kI pratiSThA kii|31 jainadharma kA pracAra-prasAra jainadharma kA AvirbhAva yadyapi madhyadeza, vizeSataH bihAra aura usake samIpavartI kSetra meM huA hai para usakA pracAra-prasAra samUce bhAratavarSa meM rahA hai| zizunAga, nanda, maurya, zaMga, sAtavAhana, kuSANa, gupta, rASTrakUTa, cola, gaMga, cAlukya, paramAra, candela, kalcurI Adi sabhI vaMzoM ke rAjAoM ne jainadharma ko prazraya diyA aura usakI ahiMsaka vRtti kI prazaMsA kii|32 mahAvIrakAla meM hI jainadharma kI lokapriyatA kAphI bar3ha gaI thii| unake hI saMgha 2010_03

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meM vratiyoM kI saMkhyA lagabhaga chaha lAkha thii|33 isa saMkhyA meM aise logoM kI ginatI nahIM hai jo mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA ke prazaMsaka aura saMvAhaka rahe haiN| jainadharma uttarApatha se dakSiNApatha meM mahAvIra se bhI pahale calA gayA thaa| Andhra, utkala, mahArASTra, tamilanADu, kerala aura karnATaka meM mahAvIra ke bAda usameM adhika lokapriyatA aaii| candragupta maurya ke netRtva meM caturtha zatI I0pU0 meM eka vizAla saMgha kA vahA~ paha~canA isa tathya ko saMketita karatA hai ki mahAvIra se bhI pahale vahAM jainadharma kI acchI sthiti thii|34 bauddha paramparA ke "mahAvaMsa" nAmaka aitihAsika prAcIna pAli kAvya se yaha patA calatA hai ki dakSiNa kI jaina saMskRti zrIlaMkA meM I0pU0 AThavIM zatI meM pahuMca cukI thii| usa samaya vahAM nirgranthoM ke 500 parivAra rahate the| 35 kahA jAtA hai, RSabhadeva ne suvarNa bhUmi, IrAna (pANDava), Adi dezoM kA bhramaNa kiyA thaa| pArzvanAtha nepAla gaye hI the| aphagAnistAna meM jainadharma ke astitva kA pramANa milatA hI hai| syAma, kAmbuja, ithiyopiyA, campA, balageriyA Adi dezoM meM bhI jainadharma kA astitva milatA hai|36 ina sthAnoM para gambhIratApUrvaka purAtAttvika DhaMga se khoja honI caahie| jainadharma ko rAjyAzraya bhale hI na milA ho para use janAzraya avazya milA hai| yaha bhI sahI hai ki use aneka bhISaNa ghAta-pratighAtoM ko sahanA par3A hai phira bhI apanI AcAraniSThatA ke kAraNa usake astitva ko samApta nahIM kiyA jA skaa| usane jahA~ vaidika aura bauddha saMskRti ko prabhAvita kiyA hai vahIM unase prabhAvita bhI huA hai|37 jainadharma kA yogadAna ___cAritrika dRr3hatA, pUrNa zAkAhArI vRtti aura vizuddha ahiMsaka jIvana paddhati ne jainadharma ko yadyapi bRhattara bhArata se bAhara jAne ko rokA hai para apanI janmabhUmi meM hI rahakara usane jo vyakti, samAja aura rASTra ke vikAsa meM yogadAna diyA hai vaha avismaraNIya hai| kadAcit aisA koI kSetra zeSa nahIM rahA jisameM jainAcAryoM ne viziSTa yogadAna na diyA ho| tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ne sama-sAmayika paristhitiyoM kA sUkSma cintana kara usa samaya kI bolI jAne vAlI janabhASA prAkRta meM apanA upadeza dekara eka aisI misAla kAyama kI jo bilkula anUThI thii| isI prAkRta se Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM kA janma huaa| uttarakAlIna jainAcAryoM ne lagabhaga hara vidhA meM vipula parimANa meM apanA sAhitya racA aura prAkRta saMskRta-apabhraMza ke sAtha hI hindI, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, tamila, kanar3a Adi bhASAoM ko bhI apane vicAroM kI abhivyakti kA sAdhana bnaayaa| isa sAhitya ko surakSita rakhane ke lie jainadharma ke anuyAyI zAstra bhaNDAroM kI sthApanA karate rahe 2010_03

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haiN| inake mAdhyama se jainoM ne pANDulipiyoM ko surakSita rakhane kA athaka prayatna kiyA hai| zAstra bhaNDAroM ke samAna jainoM ne mUrtikalA, sthApatyakalA, kASThakalA aura citrakalA ko bhI bahuta samRddha kiyA hai| samUce bhAratavarSa meM jaina mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA huI hai| har3appA aura mohanajodar3o meM bhI prAcIna jaina mUrtiyA~ milI huI haiN| 38 isI taraha jainadharma ne pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati meM cetanatA sthApita kara unako surakSita rakhane kA Andolana kiyA tathA kisI bhI pazu-pakSI, kIr3e-makor3e kI hiMsA na karane kA vidhAna dekara prAkRtika paryAvaraNa ko pradUSita hone se bacAyA hai| pAnI ko garamakara aura chAnakara pInA, rAtri meM bhojana na karanA, mAMsAhAra se dUra rahanA, madya, madhu, parastrI/puruSa sevana, zikArakhelanA, juA khelanA Adi vyasanoM se vyakti ko dUra rakhane ke lie unheM vratoM meM sammilita kiyA gayA hai| vyakti ko niyamoM meM bAMdhakara jainAcAryoM ne zAkAhAra aura paryAvaraNa ko surakSita to kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI svastha rahakara aparAdhamukta jIvana ko bitAne kA mArga bhI prazasta kiyA hai|39 / / nyAyapUrvaka dhana kamAnA, milAvaTa na karanA, pazuoM para adhika bojha na lAdanA, jhUTha na bolanA, dAna denA, atithi sevA karanA, puruSArtha karanA Adi jaise vratoM ne sAmAjika samatA ko prasthApita kiyaa|40 anAvazyaka hiMsA se bacane kA saMkalpa dekara jainadharma ne saMvedanazIlatA ko bar3hAvA diyA, zramazIlatA ko jAgrata kiyA, icchA parimANa karAkara samAjavAda aura sarvodayavAda ko janma diyA, samyak AjIvikA kA sUtra dekara vizuddha mAnasikatA ko AdhAra banAyA, AhAra zuddhi aura vyasana mukti kA AhvAn kara jIvana meM saMskAroM kI nIMva ddaalii| jainadharma kI ahiMsA kAyaroM kI ahiMsA nahIM balki vIroM kA AbhUSaNa rahI hai|41 usane jisa taraha jIvana jIne kI kalA dI hai usI taraha marane kI bhI kalA sikhAyI hai| mRtyu ko samIpa dekhakara pUrNa nirAsakta ho jAo aura nirAhArI hokara mRtyu kA svayaM varaNa kara lo yaha apUrva zikSA jainadharma ne hI dI hai| ise "sallekhanA" kahA jAtA hai|42 / kula milAkara yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainadharma ne vyakti, samAja aura rASTra ke caturmukhI vikAsa meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai| jainadharma alaga se dikhAI de yA na de; kintu jainadharma ke cintana ne yugacetanA ko itanA adhika prabhAvita kiyA hai ki jainadharma aura darzana tathA yugacintana ekameka ho gayA hai| usakI vaijJAnika dRSTi ko Aja koI bhI vivekazIla vyakti nakAra nahIM sktaa| AcArya mahAprajJa ne bhI tIrthaGkara paramparA para apanA cintana prastuta kiyA hai| unake anusAra pArzva aura mahAvIra ke pUrva kA jainadharma prAgaitihAsika kAla meM calA jAtA hai| 2010_03

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23 prathama bAIsa tIrthaGkara prAgaitihAsika kAla ke haiN| usa samaya kA dharma prAkRtika dharma thA, pratartita nahIM thaa| mahAvIra ne usakA pravartana kiyA prAcIna paramparA ke AdhAra pr| unakA dharma anubhUta dharma hai| AcArya aura upadeSTA hajAroM hue para pravartaka kevala caubIsa hue| tIrthaGkara paramparA kA pravartaka hotA hai aura AcArya paramparA kA saMcAlaka hotA hai. tIrthakara kA pratinidhi hotA hai| tIrthaGkara kisI paramparA kA pratipAdaka hI nahIM hotA, vaha svayaMbuddha bhI hotA hai aura apane anubhava ke AdhAra para dharma kA nirUpaNa karatA hai| isalie pratyeka tIrthaGkara ko Adikara aura pravartaka mAnA jAtA hai| ve dharmacakra kA pravartana karate haiN| aise caubIsa tIrthaGkara hue haiM jo pravartaka kahe jA sakate haiN| unakA AdhAra rahA hai zAnti sthaapn| je ya buddhA aIkkaMtA, je ya buddhA annaagyaa| saMtI tesi paiTThANaM, bhUyANaM jagaI jhaa|| dharma kA lakSaNa hai sty| mahAvIra kI paramparA nirvANavAdI paramparA thI, svargavAdI paramparA ke vipriit| yaha padArthAtIta cetanA ke vikAsa kA siddhAnta hai| jainadharma kaivalika hai, AtmA kA anubhava jise ho gayA usake dvArA kathita dharma hai| vaha duHkhamukti kA mArga batAtA hai| mahAvIra ke pahale vaha nirgrantha pravacana aura usake pahale ahiMsA dharma kahA gyaa| pArzva taka arhat kahA gayA aura phira mahAvIra ko zramaNa kahA gayA, nirgrantha kahA gyaa| yaha parivartana itihAsa meM hotA rahatA hai, para sabhI tIrthaGkara nirvANavAdI rahe haiN| isI nirvANavAdI paramparA ko hama Aja jainadharma ke nAma se jAnate haiN| pAli sAhitya meM mahAvIra ko 'nigaNTho nAtaputto' kahA gayA hai aura unake anuyAyiyoM kI AlocanA kI gaI hai| mahAvIra kI to prazaMsA hI vahAM milatI hai| isake viparIta jainAgamoM meM buddha kI kahIM bhI AlocanA nahIM kI gaI hai| isase bhI spaSTa hai ki jainadharma bauddhadharma paramparA se prAcIna hai| ____caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM kI yaha jaina paramparA nandIsUtra (20-21), Avazyaka (dvitIya), bhagavatIsUtra (20..8), samavAyAMga (248) aura kalpasUtra Adi granthoM meM bhalIbhA~ti milatI hai| ye grantha bhale hI lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke mAne jAte haiM para unakI paramparA prAcIna sUtra se jur3I huI hai| purAtAttvika upalabdhiyoM meM mohanajodar3oM meM prApta RSabhadeva yogI kI nagna marti ko chor3a bhI diyA jAye to prAcInatama nirvivAda jaina mUrti lohAnIpura (paTanA) se prApta huI hI hai| vahIM se eka aura mUrti milI hai jo lagabhaga prathama sadI I0pU0 kI hai| hAthIgumphA zilAlekha 'kaliMga jina' kA ullekha karatA hI hai| prinsa oNpha velsa 2010_03

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24 myUjiyama, mumbaI meM rakhI eka jaina mUrti bhI lagabhaga isI samaya kI hai| isase itanA to siddha hai hI ki jaina mUrti paramparA lagabhaga caturtha zatI I0pU0 se to hai hii| itanA hI nahIM, jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa bhI tIsarI dUsarI sadI I0pU0 se hone lagA thaa| mathurA isa nirmiti kA pramukha kendra thaa| yahAM RSabha, sambhava, zAntinAtha, munisuvrata, ariSTanemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra kI mUrtiyAM vizeSa lokapriya rahI haiN| kuSANakAla ke bAda guptakAla meM yahAM RSabha, zAntinAtha, ariSTanemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra ko 'paMcendra' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| vaibhAragiri, soNabhadra guphA, causA, udayagiri (vidizA), sira pahAr3I Adi sthAnoM para pRthaka-pRthak rUpa se bhI jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiN| inake nirmANa meM bhI eka vikAsa rekhA khIMcI jA sakatI hai| para lagatA hai, RSabha, ariSTanemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra kI mUrtiyAM vizeSa pracalita rahI haiN| phira bhI yaha kahanA tathyasaMgata hI hai ki kuSANakAla meM caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM kI paramparA kalA kSetra meM prasthApita ho cukI thI, bhale hI unake lAJchanoM meM sthairya AgamottarakAla meM AyA ho / isa paramparA kI tulanA vaidika aura bauddha paramparA ke sAtha bhI kara lenI cAhie jisase usakI tathyAtmakatA ko AMkA jA ske| ina donoM paramparAoM meM avatAroM aura buddhoM kI paramparA prasiddha hI hai / sambhava hai, jaina paramparA se ye paramparAyeM prabhAvita rahI haiN| sandarbha 1. samavAyAMga, 24, 147, kalpasUtra, tIrthaGkara varNana Avazyakaniryukti, 369; Avazyaka malayagirivRtti, AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1 - 2; mahApurANa, padmapurANa 5. 14 Adi / 2. mahApurANa, 14.160-165, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, 2.30; triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 1.2.647-653; Avazyakaniryukti, 119-120, zrImadbhAgavata, 5.4.2; aura bhI dekhiye, DaoN0 sTIvensana ( kalpasUtra kI bhUmikA); DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan ( bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa, jilda 1, pR0 287) Adi vicArakoM ne bhI RSabhadeva kI aitihAsikatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| RSabhadeva aura unake anuyAyI samudAyoM ke sandarbha dekheM vrAtya - atharvaveda kA vrAtyakANDa; devAsura saMgrAma R0 10.22-23; 6.25.2; 10.100.32); dAsa - dasyu (R0 1.130.8; 9.41.1; R0 4.30.20; 2. 11.4); kezI - RSabha (R0 10.131.1); RSabha aura hiraNyagarbha (R0 10.121; 2.8; 10.1.4.5 ); arhan (R0 1.6.30, 5.4.52; 2.1:3.3); vAtarazanA aura kezI munI (R0 10.11.136) Adi; bauddha sAhitya ke ullekhoM ko dekhie lekhaka kI pustaka Jainism in Buddhist Literature ( prathama adhyAya ) / 2010_03

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25 3. paumacariyaM, 1.1-7. yahA~ tIrthaGkaroM kI Ayu, U~cAI Adi kI pratIka paddhati ko samajhanA hogaa| 4. dekhie, madhyadeza- dhIrendra varmA, paTanA, 1967; An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology, 2 Volumes, edited by A. Ghosh, Delhi, 1989; Indian Archaeology 1962-63 - A Review, edited by A. Ghosh, Delhi, 1965; Ayodhya - Archaeology after Demolition by D. Mandal, Orient Longman, Hyderabad, 1993. 5. varddhamAnacaritra, 17.58; sUtrakRtAMga 2.3; kalpasUtra 11. 6. AcArAMgacUrNi, bhAga 1, patra 246, vardhamAnacaritra, 7.95. 7. jayadhavalA, bhAga 1, pR0 78, tiloyapaNNatti, 4.667; uttarapurANa, 74.303-4. 8. AvazyakacUrNi, pR0 275 - 92; AcArAMga, 9.1.9-20; 9.3-4-5H triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 10.3.29-33; kalpasUtra, 116, AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga 1, pR0 320-22. 9. jayadhavalA, bhAga 1, pR0 80; tiloyapaNNatti, 4. 170 - 1; kalpasUtra, 147: lekhaka kA grantha dekhie Jainism in Buddhist Literature, nAgapura, 1972 prathama adhyAya. 10. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga 9, pR0 129; vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1540-1947 11. uttarapurANa, 74.373-74. 12. AvazyakacUrNi, uttara bhAga, pR0 169; uvAsagadasAo, pR0 25; triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 10.6.408-39. - 13. uttarapurANa, kalpasUtra 126, 147; dIghanikAya. 14. dIghanikAya, sAmaJJaphalasutta, bhAga 1, pR0 57. 15. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyayana 23, nemicandraTIkA, patra 297.1; majjhimanikAya (romana), bhAga 1, pR0 238; bhAga 2, pR0 77. 16. dazavaikAlikasUtra, 1.1. 17. paMcAstikAya, 928 - 930 sUtrakRtAMga, 2.5.16. 18. AptamImAMsA, 59; upAsakAdhyayana, 246-49. 19. tattvArthasUtra, 9.9; tattvArthavArtika, 9.9-51; sUtrakRtAMga, 1.12.11. 20. uvAsagadasAo, 1-47; ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 3.6; cAritraprAbhRta, 13. 21. samayasAra, AtmakhyAti; mokkhapAhuDa, 5.6; paramAtmaprakAza, 1.13-17. 2010_03

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26 22. uttarAdhyayana, 25, 29-31; 12.37; kaSAyaprAbhRta, 1.8; pravacanasAra, 1.7. 23. uttarAdhyayana, 25.19-27. 24. dekhie, lekhaka kI pustaka "mUkamATI : cetanA ke svara", nAgapura, 1996. 25. sanmatiprakaraNa, 1.12; tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.6.4; prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 676; AptamImAMsA, 208; tattvArthavArtika, 1.6.4. 26. pravacanasAra, 1.7. 27. uvAsagadasAo, 1.43; AdipurANa, 39.147; upAsakAdhyayana, 320. 28. uttarAdhyayana, 25.29-31. 29. uttarAdhyayana, bArahavA~ adhyAya. 30. uttarAdhyayana, 22.23. 31. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 62; dazavaikAlika, 4.15. 32. dekhiye, lekhaka kI pustaka jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA itihAsa, pR0 323-41. 33. kalpasUtra, 133.144; uttarapurANa, 74.373-78; tiloyapaNNatti, 4.1166-76; harivaMzapurANa, 60.432-40. 34. Studies in South Indian Jainism, p. 110-11. 35. mahAvaMsa, 33.79. - 36. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga 1, pR073-75; Avazyakaniryukti, gAthA, 336-37; Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bangal, Jan. 1885. 37. dekhie lekhaka kA Alekha - upaniSadoM para jainadharma kA prabhAva, RSabhadeva phAuNDezana, dillI. 38. dekhie, lekhaka kA grantha- 'jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA itihAsa', jaina purAtattva, pR0 342-81 aura tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unakA cintana, dhUliyA 1977. 39. AcArAMga, zastraparIkSA. 40. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 57, tattvArthasUtra, 7.15; sAgAradharmAmRta, 51; ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 67, cAritraprAbhRta, 22. 41. yaH zastravRtti samare ripuH syAdyaH kaNTako vA nijamaNDalasya / tamaiva astrANi nRpAH kSipanti, na dInakAnIna kadAzayeSu / / yazastilakacampU. 42. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 5. 1; sarvArthasiddhi, 7.22; bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1922. 2010_03

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3 mahAvIra aura unakI paramparA paryuSaNa parva ASTAhnika parva ke rUpa meM bhI manAyA jAtA hai| ise aThAI mahotsava ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai-- aTThAhitA rUvAo mahAmahimAo karemANA (jIvAbhigamasUtra, nandIzvara dvIpa varNana ) / inhIM dinoM kalpasUtra kA sAmUhika vAcana kiyA jAtA hai| isake sthAna para kahIM-kahIM antagaDasUtra kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| kalpasUtra chedasUtroM meM dazAzrutaskandha kA AThavA~ uddeza hai| ise paryuSaNa kalpa kahA jAtA hai| paryuSaNaparva meM isI kA sAmUhika vAcana hotA hai / kahIM-kahIM isake sthAna para antagaDa sUtra kA bhI upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| kalpasUtra kI racanA paramparAnusAra AcArya bhadrabAhu dvArA kI gaI hai| pahale isakA vAcana sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa ke bAda zramaNa saMgha meM hI hotA thA para uttarakAla meM ise caturvidha saMgha ke bIca par3hA jAne lgaa| isakA prArambha AcArya kAlaka ne rAjA dhruvasena ke kalyANArtha kiyA thaa| kalpasUtra prAkRta bhASA meM likhita gadyAtmaka grantha hai jisameM 1215 anuSTupa pramANa sUtroM meM tIrthaGkara mahAvIra tathA unakI pUrva aura uttaravartI paramparA kA Alekhana huA hai| isake mUla 291 sUtroM kA vAcana saMvatsarI ke dina hotA hai aura isake pahale paryuSaNa ke dinoM meM usakI vistRta vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai| isameM tIna adhikAra haiM- tIrthaGkara caritra, sthavirAvalI aura sAdhu samAcArI | tIrthaGkara caritra ke kula 232 sUtroM meM se 152 sUtroM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA carita, 80 sUtroM meM zeSa 23 tIrthaGkaroM ke caritra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura bAda meM sthavirAvalI tathA samAcArI ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi pIche hama eka vizeSa uddezya se tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke sandarbha meM saMkSipta vivaraNa likha cuke haiM para yahA~ kucha vistAra se use kalpasUtra ke AdhAra para de rahe haiN| sAtha hI AcArAGga, mahAvIracarita, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra Adi granthoM kA bhI yathAsthAna upayoga karate hue upalabdha sAmagrI ko tulanAtmaka rIti se puSTa karane kA prayatna kara rahe haiN| isa sandarbha meM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki kalpasUtra meM viloma paddhati kA upayoga kara sarvaprathama mahAvIra kA aura anta meM RSabhadeva kA vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai camatkArAtmaka DhaMga se| isa paddhati kA upayoga kadAcit isalie huA hai ki caubIsoM tIrthaGkaroM meM nikaTatama tIrthaGkara mahAvIra rahe haiN| isalie prathamataH unhIM kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| 2010_03

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mahAvIra : pUrvabhava kI akSuNNa paramparA kA pariNAma jaina saMskRti karmapradhAna saMskRti hai| usameM AtmA ko svabhAvata: anAdi, avinazvara aura vizuddha mAnakara use mithyAtva aura moha ke kAraNa saMsArabaddha batAyA gayA hai| AtmA ananta zakti kA srota hai| saMsArAvasthA meM yaha zakti avikasita aura aprakaTa rahatI hai| zanaiH-zanai: bheda-vijJAna hone para vaha apanI mUla avasthA meM A jAtA hai| isa avasthA ko prApta karane ke lie use agaNita janma-janmAntara bhI grahaNa karane par3ate haiN| mahAvIra ke ina janma-janmAntaroM athavA pUrvabhavoM kA varNana kalpasatra, uttarapurANa,samavAyAMga, Avazyakaniyukti, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, mahAvIracaritra Adi digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM ke granthoM meM milatA hai| ina granthoM meM mahAvIra ke jIva ke pUrvabhava-sambandha kA prArambha RSabhadeva ke putra bharata aura bharata kI mahiSI anantamati ke putra marIci se kiyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA meM mahAvIra ke aise taitIsa pramukha pUrvabhavoM kA varNana hai para zvetAmbara paramparA unakI saMkhyA sattAIsa nirdhArita karatI hai| ye donoM paramparAe~ isa prakAra haiMdigambara paramparA zvetAmbara paramparA 1. purUravA bhIla 1. nayasAra grAmacintaka 2. saudharmadeva 2. saudharmadeva 3. marIci 3. marIci 4. brahmasvarga kA deva 4. brahmasvarga kA deva 5. jaTila brAhmaNa 5. kauzika brAhmaNa 6. saudharma svarga kA deva 6. puSyamitra brAhmaNa 7. puSyamitra brAhmaNa 7. saudharmadeva 8. saudharma svarga kA deva 8. agnidyota 9. agnisaha brAhmaNa 9. dvitIya kalpa kA deva 10. sanatkumAra svarga kA deva 10. agnibhUti brAhmaNa 11. agnimitra brAhmaNa 11. sanatkumAra deva 12. mAhendra svarga kA deva 12. bhAradvAja 13. bhAradvAja brAhmaNa 13. mAhendra kalpa kA deva 2010_03

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14. mAhendra svarga kA deva trasa-sthAvara yoniyoM meM asaMkhya varSoM taka paribhramaNa 15. sthAvara brAhmaNa 16. mAhendra svarga kA deva 17. vizvanandi 18. mahAzukra svarga kA deva 19. tripuSThanArAyaNa 20. sAtaveM naraka kA nArakI 21. siMha 22. prathama naraka kA nArakI 23. siMha 24. prathama svarga kA deva 25. kanakojjvala rAjA 26. lAMtaka svarga kA deva 27. hariSeNa rAjA 28. mahAzukra svarga kA deva 29. priyamitra cakravartI 30. sahastrAra svarga kA deva 31. naMdarAjA 14. sthAvara brAhmaNa 2010_03 29 15. brahmakalpa kA deva 16. vizvabhUti 17. mahAzukra kA deva 18. tripRSThanArAyaNa 19. sAtavAM naraka 20. siMha 21. caturtha naraka 22. priyamitra cakravartI 23. mahAzukra kalpa kA deva 24. nandana 25. prANata devaloka meM deva 26. devAnaMdA ke garbha meM 27. trizalA kI kukSi se bhagavAn mahAvIra 32. acyuta svarga kA deva aura 33. bhagavAn mahAvIra donoM paramparAoM ne cUMki mahAvIra ke pramukha bhavoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai ataH yaha koI matabheda kA viSaya nahIM hai| ina bhavoM para dRSTipAta karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha jIva kabhI dharma dhAraNa karane para saudharma svarga ke sukhoM ko bhogatA hai to kabhI kumArgagAmI hokara saptama naraka ke bhI dAruNa duHkhoM ko bhogatA hai| digambara paramparA kI dRSTi se mahAvIra kA jIva saMsaraNa karatA huA apanI siMha paryAya meM ajitaMjaya

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nAmaka cAraNa RddhidhArI muni se sambodhana pAtA hai aura sambodhana pAne ke bAda usake antaHkaraNa se krUratA kA viSAkta-bhAva sadA ke lie naSTa ho jAtA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra nayasAra ke bhava meM muni ko AhAradAna aura unake pavitra upadeza se usake jIvana meM parivartana AtA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra ke jIvana meM yahIM se prabala parivartana prArambha hotA hai aura yahIM vaha raudrarasa ke sthAna para zAntarasa ko grahaNa kara letA hai| punaH vaha sAdhanA se bhaTaka bhI jAtA hai| kintu anta meM punaH prabuddha hokara apanA carama vikAsa kara letA hai| pUrvabhava kI paramparA para Aja kI pragatizIla pIr3hI ko bhale hI vizvAsa na ho para yaha tathya pracchanna nahIM ki hamArI janma-paramparA hamArI karma-paramparA para AdhArita hai| mahAvIra kI pUrvabhava-paramparA bhI unake bhAvoM aura karmoM ke anusAra nizcita huI hai| isa nizcitIkaraNa meM jainadharma sarvajJa tIrthaGkara ke sarvatomukhI jJAna ko AdhAra svarUpa mAnatA hai| mahAvIra ne tIrthaGkaratva kI prApti taka ananta bhava dhAraNa kiye hoMge para una bhavoM meM se pramukha bhavoM kA hI ullekha digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM kiyA gayA hai| mAtA-pitA chaThI zatAbdI I0pU0 meM vaizAlI vajjI gaNatantra kI rAjadhAnI thii| usake zAsaka jJAtRkulIya licchavi kSatriya rAjA siddhArtha the| rAjA siddhArtha ke apara nAma zreyAMsa aura yazasvI bhI milate haiN| ve ikSvAkuvaMzI aura kAzyapagotrI the| pApanAsutta aura ThANAMgasutta ke anusAra yaha ikSvAkuvaMzI AryoM ke chaH kuloM ke antargata nirdiSTa haiugra, bhoga, rAjanya, ikSvAku, jJAtR (licchavi aura vaizAlika) evaM kaurv| jJAtRkula ke AdhAra para hI pAli-prAkRta sAhitya meM mahAvIra ko 'nigaNTha nAtaputta' kahA gayA hai| rAjA siddhArtha kA pANigrahaNa vaizAlI ke licchavi pradhAna rAjA ceTaka kI putrI (digambara paramparAnusAra) athavA bahina (zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra) vAsiSThagotrIyA trizalA priyakAriNI ke sAtha huA thaa| trizalA ko videhadinnA athavA videhadattA bhI kahA gayA hai| donoM kA dAmpatya jIvana anyanta sukhada evaM AdhyAtmika thaa| lakSmI aura saundarya ke sAtha sarasvatI kA sundara samAgama thaa| garbhApaharaNa __ vaizAlI ke brAhmaNa kuNDagrAma meM RSabhadatta nAmaka brAhmaNa kI patnI devAnandA rahatI thii| usane svapna meM dekhA ki usake garbha meM koI mahAn vyaktitva-tIrthaGkara AyA huA hai| indra ne yaha bAta avadhijJAna se jAna lI aura cUMki tIrthaGkara kA janma kSatriyakula meM hI hotA hai isalie usane hariNegameSI nAmaka deva ko usa garbha kA apaharaNa karake use kSatriyANI trizalA ke garbha meM niyojita karane kI AjJA de dii| prathama 82 dina 2010_03

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31 taka mahAvIra devAnandA ke garbha meM rahe bAda meM trizalA ke garbha meM pahu~ca gye| mahAvIra ne marIci bhava meM nIca gotra karma kA bandha kiyA thaa| isIlie unheM brAhmaNI ke garbha meM kucha samaya taka rahanA pdd'aa| isa ghaTanA kA ullekha ThANAMga (sUtra 770), samavAyAMga (sUtra 83), AcArAMga (2.15), bhagavatIsUtra (zataka 5, uddeza 4), Adi zvetAmbarIya Agama sAhitya meM upalabdha hotA hai| mathurA meM prApta eka pleTa kramAMka 18 para bhI DaoN0 buhalara ne bhagavAnemeso par3hA hai jo bhagavAn mahAvIra ke garbha parivartana kA sUcaka hai| 2 yaha citraNa Agama paramparAzrita rahA hai| parantu digambara paramparA isa prakAra ke garbhApaharaNa kI bAta svIkAra nahIM krtii| paM0 sukhalAla jI, paM0 becaradAsa jI dosI aura paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA Adi zvetAmbara vidvAn bhI prastuta ghaTanA para vizvAsa nahIM krte|3 pAvana dharA para : I0pU0 599 caitra zuklA trayodazI ke dina uttarAphAlgunI nakSatra ke samaya nandyAvarta rAjaprAsAda meM rAtri ke antima prahara meM trizalA ne putra ko janma diyaa| putra-janma ke pUrva trizalAdevI ko caudaha (zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra) svapna, solaha (digambara paramparAnusAra) dikhAI diye the jinakA jaina sAhitya meM vividha prakAra se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| ye svapna putra ke prabhAvaka vyaktitva ke digdarzana mAne jAte haiN| mAtA-pitA aura parijanoM ne bAlaka kA nAma varddhamAna rkhaa| isa nAmakaraNa ke punIta avasara para rAjya-stara para vibhinna utsava hue| vaizAlI kA pratyeka ghara dIpaka kI camakatI huI jyoti se jagamagA uThA, mAno ajJAnAndhakAra ko dUra haTAne ke lie tejasvI sUrya kA udaya huA ho| jainazAstroM meM ina zubha avasaroM kA nAmakaraNa garbha kalyANaka evaM janma kalyANaka ke rUpa meM huA hai| bAlyAvasthA : bAlaka varddhamAna kA lAlana-pAlana rAjazAhI ThATha-bATa se huaa| paJcadhAtriyoM kI dekharekha meM usakA zArIrika aura mAnasika vikAsa aharniza vRddhigata hone lgaa| usakI bAlakrIr3AyeM bhI hRdayahArI aura saumya thiiN| vaha nirbhaya aura sAhasI thaa| ___ eka bAra bAlaka varddhamAna apane samavayaska mitroM ke sAtha saMkulI (AmalI) khela-khela rahA thaa| mitroM meM kAkadhara, caladhara aura pakSadhara nAmaka rAjakumAroM kA ullekha AtA hai| isa khela meM jo bAlaka sarvaprathama vRkSa para car3ha jAtA hai aura nIce utara AtA, vaha parAjita bAlakoM ke kandhoM para baiThakara usa sthAna taka jAtA hai jahA~ se daur3a prArambha hotI hai| usa samaya bAlaka varddhamAna khela khela rahA thA ki acAnaka eka vikarAla bhImakAya sarpa vRkSa para A gyaa| sabhI bAlaka to bhayabhIta hokara bhAga khar3e hue para vardhamAna ne usakI pU~cha pakar3akara use bahuta dUra pheMka diyaa| ise 'Amalaya kheDa' kahA gayA hai| yaha ghaTanA rAjA ke kAnoM taka phuNcii| bAlaka kI nirbhayatA aura vIratA kA yaha eka viziSTa pramANa thA isaliye rAjA ne vardhamAna kA apara nAma 'mahAvIra' rakha diyaa| mahAvIra ke atirikta varddhamAna ke sanmati, vIra aura ativIra nAma bhI milate haiN| ina nAmoM ke pIche 2010_03

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32 bhI isI prakAra kI kucha ghaTanAyeM sambaddha haiN| bAlaka ke ina nAmoM meM varddhamAna aura mahAvIra nAma adhika pracalita hue| ukta ghaTanA ke pIche saMgamadeva kI bhUmikA batAyI jAtI hai| usane mahAvIra varddhamAna ko sAdhanAkAla meM bhI aneka prakAra ke kaThora kaSTa diye / AmalI krIr3A kA varNana mathurA zilpa meM upalabdha huA hai| mahAvIra kI bAla lIlAoM kA aura koI mahattvapUrNa prAcIna ullekha hamArI dRSTi meM nahIM aayaa| zikSA-dIkSA mahAvIra ne apanI medhAvI pratibhA ke bala para bahuta zIghra hI jJAnArjana kara liyaa| jaina paramparA ke anusAra ve janma se hI matijJAna, zrutajJAna aura avadhijJAna ke dhArI the / ataH kisI AcArya ke pAsa unakI zikSA-dIkSA mAtra vyAvahArika thii| AcArya jinasena ke anusAra saMjayanta aura vijayanta nAmaka muniyoM ne to unake darzana karake hI apanI zaMkAyeM dUra kara liiN| jo bhI ho, yaha nizcita thA ki mahAvIra kizorAvasthA meM hI apUrva pratibhA ke dhanI, vidvAn aura cintaka ho gaye the| yaha Azcarya kA viSaya hai ki unakI zikSA-dIkSA ke sandarbha meM vidyAzAlA meM gamana tathA indra ke sAtha praznacaryA ko chor3akara koI vizeSa ullekha nahIM milte| gArhasthika jIvana rAjakumAra varddhamAna gRhasthAvasthA meM rahate hue bhI bhoga-vAsanAoM se alipta the| saMsAra kI gahanatA aura asAratA kA anubhava unheM ho cukA thA / AdhyAtmika cintanazIlatA aharniza bar3hatI calI jA rahI thii| isI avasthA meM unake samakSa vivAha kA prastAva rakhA gyaa| svabhAvataH ve ise kaise svIkArate? mAtA-pitA kA sneha - Agraha aura bheda - vijJAna kI prakarSatA ina donoM sthitiyoM meM sAmaJjasya kaise sthApita kiyA jAya - yaha vikaTa samasyA mahAvIra ke sAmane thI / isa sandarbha meM do paramparAyeM upalabdha hotI haiN| digambara paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra ne anta meM avivAhita rahane kA nirNaya liyaa| para zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra isa paristhiti meM unhoMne vivAha karane kA prastAva svIkAra kara liyaa| phalata: vasantapura ke mahAsAmanta samaravIra kI priya putrI yazodA ke sAtha zubha muhUrta meM unakA pANigrahaNa saMskAra ho gyaa| kAlAntara meM ve eka putrI ke pitA bhI hue jisakA vivAha sambandha jAmAli ke sAtha huA thA / yaha jAmAli sAdhanA kAla meM kucha samaya taka mahAvIra kA ziSya bhI rahA / 4 vastutaH mahAvIra jaise vItarAgI aura niHspRhI vyaktitva ke lie vivAha karanA athavA nahIM karanA koI vizeSa mahattva kI bAta nahIM hai| vivAha kiyA bhI hogA to ve 2010_03

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33 mana se avivAhita rahe hoNge| bhautika sAdhanoM ke rahate hue bhI nirbhogI bana jAne meM kahIM adhika vaiziSTya hai| hama yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki mahAvIra bhogoM meM rahate hue bhI nirbhogI rahe, vivAhita rahate hue bhI avivAhita rahe aura ghara meM rahate hue bhI beghara rhe| vItarAgatA kA sahI paricaya aisI avasthAoM meM hI mila pAtA hai| mahAbhiniSkramaNa : antarjJAna kI khoja meM lagabhaga tIsa varSa kI avasthA taka bhagavAn mahAvIra gRhasthAvasthA meM hI rahakara Atmacintana karate rhe| mahAvIra jaba 28 varSa ke the tabhI mAtA-pitA ke svargavAsa ne unheM aura bhI AtmonmukhI banA diyaa| bhedavijJAna jAgarita hote hI unheM saMsAra kI aizvaryamayI sampadA tRNavat pratIta hone lagI / padArtha kI vinazvarazIlatA kA darzana unheM spaSTatara hotA gayA / vairAgya kI bhAvanA aura dRr3hatara ho gii| phalata: unhoMne mArgazIrSakRSNA dazamI tithi ko caturtha prahara meM uttarAphAlgunI nakSatra ke yoga meM ArhatI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| isa avasara para sabhI gaNyamAnya vyakti upasthita the| sabhI ke samakSa mahAvIra ne paMcamuSTi kezaluJcana kiyA jo saMsAra kI samasta vAsanAoM se vimukta ho jAne ke upakrama kA pratIka hai / 5 isa sandarbha meM do paramparAyeM upalabdha haiM / digambara paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra ne prArambha se hI digambara veSa dhAraNa kiyA para zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra dIkSA grahaNa karate hI zakrendra ne unheM devadRSya vastra pradAna kiyaa| vaha vastra unake skandha para rhaa| kucha granthakAra daridra brAhmaNa kI yAcanA para usakA AdhA bhAga pradAna karane kA ullekha karate haiM aura kucha granthakAra nahIM / aura vaha vastra teraha mAha taka unake pAsa rahA phira vaha nIce gira gyaa| jainetara sAhitya meM mahAvIra ke isa mahAbhiniSkramaNa ko koI vizeSa mahattva nahIM diyA gyaa| para kucha samaya bAda sAdhanA meM jisa prakAra kI saghanatA aura nirmalatA AtI gaI, vaha vizrutatara aura samAja ke AkarSaNa kA kendra banatI gaI / pAli sAhitya meM unakI isI avasthA kA varNana milatA hai / vahA~ unheM 'nigaNThanAtaputto' kahakara aneka bAra smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ 'nigaNTha' zabda acelaka aura niSparigrahI hone kA pratIka hai| chadmastha sAdhanA aura viziSTa ghaTanAyeM 1. sAdhanAkAla meM mahAvIra apanA paricaya 'bhikkhu' ke rUpa meM dete rahe / 6 unake lie 'muNi' zabda kA bhI prayoga huA hai / 7 ye donoM zabda mahAvIra kI sAdhanA ke digdarzaka haiN| gRha tyAga karane ke uparAnta sAdhaka mahAvIra kevalajJAna kI prApti ke nimitta lagabhaga bAraha varSa taka satata sAdhanA karate rhe| isI kAla ko chadmastha kahA gayA hai| 2010_03

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34 chavasthakAla tathA varSAvAsa ThANAGgasUtra meM mahApadmacaritra ke prasaMga meM mahAvIra ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki unhoMne tIsa varSa gRhasthAvasthA meM, bAraha varSa teraha pakSa kevalajJAna prApti meM aura teraha pakSa kama tIsa varSa dharma pracAra meM bitaaye|8 tadanusAra mahAvIra ne mahAbhiniSkramaNa se lekara kevalajJAna prApti taka chadmasthAvasthA meM jina sthaloM meM bihAra aura varSAvAsa kiyA, unakA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai1. kuNDagrAma, karmAragrAma (kammana-chaparA), kollAga sanniveza, morAka sanniveza, __ jJAtakhaNDavana, duijjaMtaga, asthika grAma (vrssaavaas)| morAka sanniveza, dakSiNa-uttara vAcAlA, surabhipura, zvetAmbI, rAjagRha, nAlandA (vrssaavaas)| 3. kollAga, suvarNakhila, brAhmaNagrAma, campA (vrssaavaas)| 4. kAlApa, panta, kumArAka, corAka, pRSTha campA (varSAvAsa) 5. kayaMgalA, hallidaya, Avarta, kalaMkabUkA, pUrNakalaza, zrAvastI, naMgalA, lAr3ha (lATa) deza, malaya, bhaddila (varSAvAsa) (vaizAlI ke paas)| 6. kadalI, taMbAya, kUbiya, vaizAlI, jambUsaMDa, kupiya, grAmAka, bhaddiyA (vrssaavaas)| 7. magadha, alabhiyA (vrssaavaas)| kuNDAka, bahusAlaga, lohArgalA, gobhUmi, mardana, zAlavana, purimatAla, unnAga, rAjagRha (vrssaavaas)| 9. lAr3ha-vajrabhUmi, subramhabhUmi (varSAvAsa yahA~ ke vRkSoM aura khaNDaharoM meM huaa|)| 10. kUrmAragrAma, siddhArthapura, vaizAlI, vANijyagrAma, zrAvastI (vrssaavaas)| 11. sAnulaTThiya, dRDhabhUmi, mosali, siddhArthapura, vajragAMva, AlaMbhiyA, zvetAmbikA, vArANasI, mithilA, malaya, kauzAmbI, rAjagRha, vaizAlI (vrssaavaas)| 12. sunsumArapura, nandigrAma, kauzAmbI, mer3hiyAgrAma, sumaMgala, suchettA, pAlaka, campA (vrssaavaas)| 13. jambhiya, meDhiya, chammANi, madhyamapAvA, jNbhiygraam| 2010_03

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viziSTa ghaTanAe~ gopAlaka kA upasarga 1. mahAbhiniSkramaNa kara sAdhaka mahAvIra kUrmAgrAma pahu~ce aura usake bAhara jaMgala meM eka vRkSa ke nIce dhyAnastha hokara AtmasAdhanA karane lage / sAdhanA meM itane lIna ho gaye ki dRSTipatha meM AyI vastu kA bhI saMskAra unake citra ko prabhAvita nahIM kara skaa| 35 usI samaya eka ghaTanA huii| gA~va ke kisI gvAle (gopAlaka) ne apane baila carane ke lie vahIM chor3a diye aura svayaM kahIM nikala gayA / vApisa Ane para use baila vahA~ nahIM dikhAI diye| baila to carate carate kucha dUra nikala gaye the| gvAle ne dhyAnastha mahAvIra se pUchA - "hamAre baila kahA~ haiM?" uttara na pAkara vaha svayaM unheM khojane cala pdd'aa| daivayoga se ve baila prAtaHkAla vApisa Akara mahAvIra ke pAsa hI baiTha gaye / itane meM gvAlA AyA aura vahA~ apane baila pAkara mahAvIra ke prati kruddha ho gyaa| unheM cora samajhakara vaha mArane daudd'aa| akasmAt koI bhadra puruSa sAmane se A rahA thaa| usane usa gvAle ko rokA aura kahA-- "isa niSparigrahI vyakti ko tumhAre bailoM se kyA prayojana ? yaha to AtmakalyANa ke sAtha jagat kA kalyANa karane ke lie sAdhanA meM lIna hai / ' isa bhadra puruSa kA ullekha sAhitya meM zakrendra ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| usane mahAvIra se kahA yadi Apa cAheM to maiM Apako apanI sevAyeM dene ke lie saharSa taiyAra hU~ / mahAvIra ne uttara diyA- vyakti dUsaroM ke bala para kevalajJAna kI prApti nahIM kara sktaa| use apane hI bala para use prApta karanA par3atA hai nApekSaM cakrire'rhantaH parasAhAyikaM kvacit / kevala kevalajJAnaM prApnuvanti svavIryataH / / svavIryeNaiva gacchanti jinendrAH paramaM padam / yaha uttara sunakara vaha manuSyarUpI indra bar3A prabhAvita huaa| mahAvIra ke na cAhate hue bhI triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra ke anusAra usane apane siddhArtha nAmaka eka sahAyaka ko unake saMrakSaNa ke lie niyukta kara diyaa| isa siddhArtha ko vahA~ eka vyantara deva kahA hai / 10 2010_03 AcArAGga aura kalpasUtra meM isake bAda kI gaI unakI tapasyA kA vistRta varNana milatA hai| mahAvIra acelaka avasthA meM the isalie unheM zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka Adi kI bAdhAyeM honA svAbhAvika thIM / bhogavAsanA se pIr3ita mahilAoM kA bhI unakI ora AkarSita honA sahaja hI thA / nirmohI mahAvIra ina sabhI prakAra kI bAdhAoM ko nidveSa

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bhAva se sahate hue vicaraNa karate rhe| katipaya pratijJAyeM : kaThora tapasyA kA abhirUpa morAka sannivezavartI 'duIjjantaka' nAmaka pASaNDastha Azrama kA kulapati rAjA siddhArtha kA mitra thaa| kulapati kI abhyarthanA para mahAvIra ne apanA varSAvAsa vahIM karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| mahAvIra kI kaThora niHspRhI sAdhanA dekhakara AzramavAsI dA~toM tale a~gulI dabAne lge| saMyogavaza usa varSa paryApta varSA na hone ke kAraNa vanaspati, ghAsa Adi paryApta mAtrA meM utpanna nahIM huii| phalata: gAyeM Akara parNakuTI kI ghAsa khAne lgiiN| AzramavAsI unheM haTAkara apanI parNakuTiyoM kI rakSA karane lge| para niSparigrahI mahAvIra ne kabhI aisA nahIM kiyaa| ve to apane dhyAna meM dattacitta rhe| AzramavAsiyoM ne isakI zikAyata kulapati se kii| kulapati ne mahAvIra se kahA ki kama se kama Apako apanI parNakuTI kI rakSA to karanI caahie| mahAvIra kulapati ke Agraha se sahamata nahIM ho sake aura unhoMne yaha nizcaya isalie kiyA ki ve kisI ko kaSTa nahIM pahu~cAnA cAhate the| ve to pUrNa samabhAvI the| prasthAna karane ke pUrva sAdhaka mahAvIra ne nimnalikhita pA~ca pratijJAyeM kiiN|11 1. aprItikAraka sthAna meM vAsa nahIM kruuNgaa| 2. sadaiva dhyAnastha rhuuNgaa| 3. maunavratI rhuuNgaa| 4. pANitala meM bhojana grahaNa karU~gA aura 5. gRhasthoM kA vinaya nahIM kruuNgaa| morAkasaniveza se vihAra kara mahAvIra asthigrAma paha~ce aura vahIM ve anumati lekara zUlapANi yakSa ke Ayatana meM Thahara gye| kahA gayA hai, eka balazAlI baila, jisakI sevA-suzruSA kI ora grAmavAsiyoM ne upekSA dikhAI, mara kara yakSa ho gayA thA aura vahI una saba ko satAtA thaa| usI ke sammAna meM grAmavAsiyoM ne yaha mandira banavAyA thaa| vikaTa sthiti dekhakara logoM ne mahAvIra ko vahA~ Thaharane ke lie manA kiyA, phira bhI ve usI mandira meM dhyAnastha ho gye| niyamAnusAra rAtri meM yakSa AyA aura usane mahAvIra ko vividha prakAra ke tIvra kaSTa diye| parantu ve sAdhanA-patha se vicalita nahIM hue| isa ghaTanA se yakSa ko bar3A Azcarya huaa| anta meM usane bhagavAn se kSamA mAMgI aura pazcAttApa karane lgaa| phalata: mahAvIra ne use pratibodha diyA- "tU AtmA ko phcaan| Atmavat mAnakara kisI ko kaSTa na de| ina pApoM kA phala bar3A duHkhadAyI hotA hai|" yakSa ne bhagavAn kI AjJA saharSa svIkAra kI aura natamastaka hokara vahA~ se calA gyaa| 12 2010_03

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daza svapna : bhaviSyabodha usa samaya lagabhaga eka muhUrta rAtri zeSa thii| mahAvIra dhyAnastha khar3e the| phira bhI kSaNabhara ke lie unheM nidrA A gii| isa bIca unhoMne nimnalikhita daza svapna dekhe 1. tAla-pizAca ko svayaM apane hAtha se giraanaa| 2. zveta puMskokila kI sevA meM upasthita honaa| 3. vicitra varNavAlA puMskokila sAmane dikhAI denaa| 4. sugandhita do puSpamAlAyeM dikhAI denaa| 5. zveta go-samudAya kA dikhAI denaa| 6. vikasita padma sarovara kA drshn| 7. svayaM ko mahAsamudra pAra karate dekhnaa| 8. dinakara kiraNoM ko phailate hue dekhnaa| 9. apanI A~toM se mAnuSottara parvata ko veSThita karate hue dekhanA, aura 10. svayaM ko meru parvata para car3hate hue dekhnaa| asthigrAma meM hI eka utpala nAmaka nimittajJAnI thA jo pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA anyAyI thaa| yakSAyatana meM mahAvIra ke Thaharane kA samAcAra sunakara vaha apane AzaMkAoM kI sambhAvanA se cintita ho utthaa| prAtaHkAla hote hI vaha indrazarmA nAmaka pujArI ke sAtha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke darzana karane aayaa| sAtha hI bar3A bhArI janasamudAya bhI thaa| mahAvIra ko sakuzala pAkara sabhI ko Azcarya aura prasannatA huii| nimittajJa utpala ne mahAvIra ke svapnoM kA phala kramaza: isa prakAra batAyA 1. Apa mohanIya karma kA vinAza kreNge| 2. Apako zukladhyAna kI prApti hogii| 3. Apa vividha jJAnarUpa dvAdazAMga zruta kI prarUpaNA kreNge| 4. caturtha svapna kA phala utpala nahIM samajha skaa| 5. caturvidha saMgha kI Apa sthApanA kreNge| 6. cAroM prakAra ke deva ApakI sevA meM upasthita rheNge| 7. Apa saMsAra sAgara ko pAra kreNge| 8. Apa kevalajJAna prApta kreNge| 2010_03

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38 9. ApakI kIrti triloka meM vyApta hogI, aura 10. siMhAsanArUr3ha hokara Apa loga meM dharmopadeza kreNge| jisa caturtha svapna kA uttara nimittajJa utpala nahIM jAna sakA / usakA phala mahAvIra ne svayaM batAyA hai ki maiM do prakAra ke dharma kA kathana karUMgA -- zrAvakadharma aura munidharma / isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jainadharma ko suvyavasthita karane kA mahattvapUrNa kArya mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM thA / nimittajJAna : prabhAvAtmakatA 2. sAdhaka mahAvIra asthigrAma meM prathama varSAvAsa samApta kara mArgazIrSa kRSNA pratipadA ko morAka sanniveza phuNce| vahA~ ke nagara ke bAhara ke udyAna meM tthhre| nagara meM eka acchandaka nAmaka pAkhaNDI jyotiSI rahatA thaa| usakI AjIvikA kA sAdhana jyotiSa hI thaa| usa samaya nimittajJAnI kA bahuta Adara-sammAna hotA thaa| acchandaka ko jo pratiSThA milI usakI Ar3a meM usane aneka duSpApa karanA prArambha kara diye| mahAvIra ke AdhyAtmika teja se sArI janatA itanI adhika prabhAvita ho gaI ki acchandaka ke pApa bhI zanaiH-zanaiH pragaTa ho gye| aba acchandaka kI AjIvikA kA sAdhana tirohita hone lagA / taba asahAya hokara vaha mahAvIra ke pAsa AyA aura kahane lagA- "yahA~ Apake upasthita rahane se merI AjIvikA samApta - prAya ho rahI hai| Apa to niHspRhI haiN| yadi Apa yahA~ se cale jAveM to merA kalyANa ho jAvegA / 13 ataH dayAlu mahAvIra ne vahA~ se prasthAna kara diyA aura anyatra dhyAnastha ho gaye / caNszika sarpa : eka dizAbodha morAka sanniveza se mahAvIra suvarNakUlA aura rUpyakUlA nadI ke kinAre basI vAcAlA ke uttarabhAga kI ora cala pdd'e| bIca meM kanakakhala Azrama milaa| vahA~ gvAloM mahAvIra ko Age bar3hane se rokA aura kahA ki Age vana meM caNDakauzika nAma dRSTiviSa bhayaMkara sarpa rahatA hai| vaha kisI ko bhI dekhate hI viSa vamana karane lagatA hai| usake viSa vamana karane ke kAraNa vana-vRkSa bhI sUkhane laga gaye haiN| mahAvIra ne gvAloM kI bAtoM para vizeSa dhyAna nahIM diyA aura ve Age bar3hate gye| unhoMne socA ki isa caNDakauzika kI azubha vRttiyoM ko zubha vRttiyoM kI ora mor3A jAnA caahie| - kahA jAtA hai, caNDakauzika apane pUrvajanma meM kaThora tapasvI thaa| usake paira ke nIce eka bAra eka meMDhakI dabakara mara gaI jisakI usane pratikramaNa karate samaya AlocanA nahIM kI / ziSya dvArA smaraNa karAye jAne para vaha krodhita hokara use mArane daudd'aa| para bIca meM hI eka stambha se zira TakarA jAne para vaha tatkAla cala basA aura kanakakhala Azrama ke kulapati kI patnI kI kukSi se usane janma liyaa| bAlaka kA 2010_03

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39 nAma kauzika rakhA gyaa| para atyadhika caNDa prakRti hone ke kAraNa usakA nAma caNDakauzika par3a gyaa| caNDakauzika apane Azrama kI rakSA kA dhyAna adhika rakhatA thaa| eka bAra samIpavartI seyaMbiyA nagarI ke rAjakumAroM ne Azrama vana ko ujAr3a diyaa| caNDakauzika unheM mArane ke lie parazu lekara daudd'aa| para bIca meM hI vaha gaDDhe meM girakara mara gayA aura dRSTiviSa nAmaka vikarAla sarpa huaa| mahAmanA mahAvIra ko dhyAnastha dekhakara caNDakauzika sarpa ko bar3A vismaya huaa| vaha kruddha hokara phUtkAra karane lgaa| phira bhI mahAvIra ko avicala dekhakara unake paira meM tIvra dRSTrAghAta kara diyaa| phalasvarUpa unake paira se rakta ke sthAna para dugdhadhArA pravAhita hone lgii| caNDakauzika yaha dekhakara stabdha raha gyaa| isa bIca mahAvIra kA dhyAna samApta ho gayA aura unhoMne caNDakauzika ko udbodhana diyA- "upasama bho caNDakosiyA! he caNDakauzika! zAnta ho jaao| tuma apane hI pApoM ke kAraNa saMsAra meM bhaTaka rahe ho| aba vikAra bhAvoM ko chor3o aura apanA bhaviSya smbhaalo|" sAdhaka mahAvIra kI marmasparzinI vANI ko sunakara caNDakauzika ko jAtismaraNa ho aayaa| unake nizchala, zAnta aura saumya bhAva ko usane parakhA aura pratijJA kI ki maraNa paryanta vaha na to aba kisI ko satAyegA aura na hI bhojana grahaNa kregaa| caNDakauzika ko zAnta aura nizcala tathA mahAvIra ko sakuzala dekhakara grAmavAsiyoM ne Azcarya vyakta kiyaa| ve mahAvIra ke prazaMsaka bana gye| idhara caNDakauzika ko nizcala aura zAnta samajhakara logoM ne use patthara mAre aura asahya pIr3A dii| para caNDakauzika usa pIr3A ko samabhAva se sahana karatA rahA aura zubha bhAvoM pUrvaka usane apanA deha tyAga diyaa|14 makkhali gozAlaka se bheMTa : eka nayA adhyAya sAdhaka mahAvIra eka bAra tantuvAyazAlA meM Thahare hue the| maMkhaliputra gozAlaka bhI vahIM rukA huA thaa| eka bAra gozAlaka ke pUchane para mahAvIra ne batA diyA ki tumheM Aja bhikSA meM kodoM kA vAsA cAvala (bhAta), khaTTI chAcha aura khoTA rupayA milegaa| aneka prayatna karane para bhI gozAlaka ko bhikSA meM yahI saba kucha milaa| isa ghaTanA se vaha niyativAdI bana gyaa|15 idhara mahAvIra pAraNA lekara nAlandA se kollAga sanniveza phuNce| vahA~ bahula nAmaka brAhmaNa ke ghara AhAra liyaa| gozAlaka bhI mahAvIra ko khojate-khojate kollAga pahu~ca gayA aura vahA~ usane unakA ziSyatva svIkAra kiyaa|16 isake pazcAt chaha varSa taka gozAlaka avirala rUpa se mahAvIra ke sAtha rhaa| isa bIca aneka aisI ghaTanAyeM huI jinase gozAlaka kA vizvAsa niyativAda para dRr3hatara . 2010_03

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40 hotA gayA aura antataH vaha ghora niyativAdI ho gyaa| 3. kollAga saniveza se vihAra kara mahAvIra suvarNakhala phuNce| mArga meM kucha gvAle khIra pakA rahe the| gozAlaka ne kahA- 'rukiye, hama loga khIra khAkara cleNge|' mahAvIra ne kahA- 'yaha khIra paka nahIM paayegii| usake pakane ke pUrva hI hAMDI phUTa jaayegii|' mahAvIra kI yaha sUkSmAnvekSaNa zakti kA pradarzana thaa| anumAna sahI niklaa| gozAlaka kA vizvAsa niyativAda para aura bar3hA gyaa| 4. mahAvIra ke sAtha rahate hue bhI gozAlaka kI vRttiyA~ zAnta nahIM huI thiiN| vaha krodhI aura rAgI prakRti kA thaa| isalie use aneka sthAnoM para apamAna sahana karanA pdd'aa| kabhI vaha mahilAoM se cher3a-chAr3a karatA to kabhI paramatAvalambI tathA pArzva paramparAnuyAyI sAdhuoM aura zrAvakoM se jhagar3a pdd'taa| isalie janasamudAya ke roSa kA vaha zikAra ho jaataa| pArzvastha sAdhuoM se bheMTa : purAtana paramparA kA ekIkaraNa kUrmAraka saniveza meM pArzvanAtha paramparA ke santAnIya sAdhuoM se gozAlaka kI bheMTa hii| mahAvIra to udyAna meM hI dhyAnastha rahe para gozAlaka gA~va meM bhikSArtha gyaa| vahA~ vicitra vastra pahane pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke sAdhuoM se gozAlaka kI bheMTa haI aura unase vivAda hone para gozAlaka ne upAzraya jala jAne kA abhizApa bhI diyaa|17 mahAvIra se bhI unakI bheMTa huI aura ve bar3e prasanna hue| santAnIya sAdhuoM ke pradhAna AcArya municandra ne to usI samaya apane mukhya ziSya ko kAryabhAra sauMpakara svayaM jinakalpa dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| sAdhanAkAla meM hI eka ArakSaka putra ne unheM taskara samajhakara unakA anta kara diyaa| zubha vRttiyoM ke kAraNa unhoMne usI janma meM nirvANa prApta kara liyaa|18 agni-upasarga : kaThora sAdhanA 5. halliduya meM sAdhaka mahAvIra eka hallidRga nAmaka vRkSa ke nIce kAyotsarga meM sthira ho gye| usI vRkSa ke nIce kucha aura bhI vyakti Thahare hue the| ve rAtri meM Aga jalAkara zIta se bacate rahe aura prAta:kAla use binA bujhAye hI vahA~ se cala pdd'e| saMyoga se vaha Aga phaila gaI aura usakI lapaToM meM mahAvIra ke paira jhulasa gye| phira bhI ve vicalita nahIM hue|19 anArya dezoM meM bhramaNa : samabhAvazIlatA isake bAda sAdhaka mahAvIra ke mana meM yaha vicAra AyA ki bihAra bhUmi to unase paricita hai| aise sthAna para kyoM na jAyA jAya jahA~ ki unakA koI paricita hI na 2010_03

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41 ho| aise aparicita sthAnoM para hI sAdhanA-jyoti meM camaka A sakatI hai aura karmoM kI nirjarA ho sakatI hai| yaha socakara mahAvIra ne lADha deza meM jAne kA nizcaya kiyaa| yaha deza usa samaya asaMskRta aura asabhya thaa| isalie sAdhAraNata: vahA~ muniyoM kA vihAra nahIM hotA thaa| isa dRSTi se mahAvIra kA yahA~ vihAra vizeSa mahattvapUrNa thaa| mahAvIra lADha deza pahu~ce parantu vahA~ unheM anukUla bhojana aura AvAsa bhI nahIM mila skaa| vahA~ ke loga una para kutte chor3a dete, lAThiyA~ mArate aura unheM ghsiittte| ina sabhI upasargoM ko mahAvIra kA samabhAvazIla vyaktitva saharSa sahana karatA rhaa| unheM na AhAra kA lobha thA, na zarIra se moha aura na kisI prakAra kI viSaya-vAsanA kI icchaa| isalie vItarAgI hokara sabhI prakAra ke upasarga sahana karane meM unheM vizeSa kaThinAI nahIM huii| 20 gozAlaka se pArthakya : AvazyakatA kI anubhUti anArya dezoM se lauTakara bhramaNa karate hue sAdhaka mahAvIra ne vaizAlI kI ora vihAra kiyaa| mArga meM hI gozAlaka ne unase kahA- "mujhe Apake kAraNa bahuta duHkha bhogane par3ate haiN| ata: adhika acchA yahI hai ki maiM Apase pRthak banA rhuuN|" mahAvIra ne usake prastAva ko saharSa svIkAra kara liyaa| pArthakya ho jAne para mahAvIra vaizAlI kI ora cala par3e aura gozAlaka rAjagRha jA phuNcaa| kaThapUtanA kA upasarga : kSamAzIlatA 6. vaizAlI se mahAvIra grAmaka sanniveza phuNce| usa samaya mAghI zIta apane prakhara rUpa meM thii| loga ghara se bAhara nahIM nikala pAte the| para mahAvIra ke tejasvI zarIra para usakA koI asara nahIM huaa| ve to nirvastrAvasthA meM hI unmukta AkAza ke nIce hI dhyAnastha ho gye| isa bIca meM kaTapUtanA nAmaka eka vyantarI ne una para ghanaghora upasarga kiye| usake dvArA chor3e gaye zItala jala aura hilA dene vAlI A~dhI kI kaThora yAtanA ko mahAvIra ne kSamAbhAvapUrvaka sahana kiyaa| unake mana meM tanika bhI vikArabhAva nahIM aayaa| phalasvarUpa unheM paramAvadhijJAna prApta ho gyaa| kaTapUtanA bhI thakakara zaraNAgata ho gii| 7. isI prakAra bahazAlAdi gA~voM meM zAlArya ne bhI sAdhaka mahAvIra para tIvra kaSTakArI upasarga kiye kintu mahAvIra una sabhI ko ahiMsaka sAdhanA ke bala para sahana karate rhe| lohArgalA upasarga 8. lohArgalA meM paricaya prApta kiye binA praveza nahIM diyA jAtA thaa| mahAvIra se pUche jAne para koI uttara nahIM milaa| phalata: unheM rAjA jitazatru ke pAsa le jAyA ___ 2010_03

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42 gyaa| vahA~ utpala nAmaka nimittajJAnI ne jitazatru ko mahAvIra kA paricaya diyaa| paricaya prApta kara jitazatru ne kSamAyAcanA kii| anArya dezATana : sahanazIlatA kA paricaya 9. sAdhaka mahAvIra ne eka bAra punaH sAdhanA kI parIkSA ke nimitta anArya dezoM meM bhramaNa karanA caahaa| ata: rAjagRha se bihAra kara lADha deza kI ora gye| vahA~ anukUla AhAra-vihAra aura AvAsa pAnA sarala nahIM thaa| isake pUrva bhI unhoMne eka bAra aura anArya dezoM kA bhramaNa kiyA thaa| isalie kaSToM kA unheM anubhava thaa| anAryoM dvArA unheM mArA-pITA jAnA, dA~toM se kATanA, kuttoM kA chor3anA, patthara mAranA, apazabda kahanA, dhUla pheMkanA, zarIra kA mAMsa nikAla lenA Adi prakAra se vividha upasarga kiye gye| para sAdhaka mahAvIra unheM usI prakAra sahana karate hue sAdhanA-patha para bar3hate rahe jisa prakAra kavacAdi se saMvRta zUravIra puruSa yoddhA saMgrAma ke kaThora praharoM ko sahatA huA bhI Age bar3hatA calA jAtA hai| 21 gozAlaka kA punarmilana aura pArthakya 10. anArya dezoM se vApisa Akara mahAvIra ne kUrmagrAma kI ora prayANa kiyaa| gozAlaka yahA~ puna: unake sAtha ho gyaa| mArga meM eka vaizyAyana nAmaka tApasa apane jaTAjUToM se girate hue yUkAoM ko rakha rahA thaa| gozAlaka ko kautuhala huaa| usane jAkara tApasa se prazna-pratiprazna kiye jo usake krodha kA kAraNa siddha hue| phalata: usane gozAlaka para tejolezyA chor3a dii| gozAlaka daur3atA-daur3atA mahAvIra ke pAsa aayaa| unhoMne zItalezyA chor3akara tejolezyA zAnta kara dI aura use bacA liyaa| yaha dekhakara tApasa ko Azcarya huA aura vaha mahAvIra kI zakti kA prazaMsaka bana gyaa| gozAlaka ne tejolezyA kI zakti dekhakara mahAvIra se usakI siddhi prApta karane kI rIti ko smjhaa| isake bAda ve donoM siddhArthapura kI ora gye| mArga meM vahI tila kA paudhA milA jise gozAlaka ne mahAvIra kI vANI ko asatya siddha karane ke lie pheMka diyA thaa| gozAlaka ne paudhe kI phallI meM sAta bIja hI paaye| mahAvIra kI vANI satya siddha hii| yaha dekhakara gozAlaka kA vizvAsa niyativAda para aura adhika dRr3ha ho gayA aura usane mahAvIra se pRthak hokara apane svatantra sampradAya kI sthApanA kara lii| tapta dhUli upasarga vaizAlI meM unhoMne upadravI bAlakoM ke upasarga she| vahA~ se ve vaNiyagAma kI ora gye| mArga meM gaNDakI nadI ko nAva se unheM pAra karanA pdd'aa| para kirAye kA paisA 2010_03

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43 na dene ke kAraNa unheM atyanta tapta dhUli meM khar3A kara diyA gyaa| saMyogavaza zaMkha rAjA kA bhAneja usI samaya A gyaa| usane pahacAnakara unheM mukta karA diyaa| saMgama ke prAkRtika-aprAkRtika upasarga sAdhaka mahAvIra dRr3habhUmi ke bAhya udyAnavartI polAsa nAmaka caitya meM nizcala hokara dhyAnastha ho gye| lagAtAra dhyAna karate rahane se vividha prakAra ke prAkRtika aura aprAkRtika duHsaha upasarga hue| unakA samUcA zarIra dhUla-dhUsarita ho gyaa| use vajramukhI cIMTiyoM, DAMsa-maccharoM, dImakoM, nevaloM aura sarpo ne kaattaa| jaba kabhI hAthI aura bAghoM ke bhI upasarga hue| AsapAsa jalatI huI agni ko bhI sahana kiyaa| pakSiyoM ne apanI caMcuoM se unake zarIra ko vidIrNa kiyaa| teja AMdhI aura tUphAna aaye| kAmuka mahilAoM ne apane hAva-bhAva dikhaaye| parantu mahAvIra apane sAdhanA-patha se vicalita nahIM hue| ina upasargoM ko zAstroM meM saMgamadevakRta mAnA gayA hai| kaThora abhigraha : candanA ko nayI dizA 12. kauzAmbI meM mahAvIra ne pauSakRSNA pratipadA ke dina eka kaThora abhigraha kiyA- "maiM aisI rAjakumArI se hI bhikSA grahaNa karU~gA jisakA zira mur3A ho, hAtha meM hathakar3I aura paira meM ber3I ho, A~khoM meM A~sU hoM, tIna dina kI upavAsI ho, jisake ur3ada ke bAkale sUpa ke kone meM par3e hoM, bhikSA-samaya vyatIta ho cukane para jo dehalI ke bIca khar3I ho aura dAsIpane ko prApta huI ho|" sAdhaka mahAvIra kI yaha bhISaNa pratijJA bahata samaya taka pUrI nahIM ho skii| upAsakoM aura bhaktoM ke bIca unakA yaha anAhAra Azcarya, cintA aura carcA kA viSaya bana gyaa| pratijJA ke viSaya meM kisI ko bhI jAnakArI nahIM thii| abhigraha ko dhAraNa kiye hue pA~ca mAha paccIsa dina vyatIta ho cuke the| saMyogavaza mahAvIra bhikSA ke lie dhanAvaha seTha ke ghara phuNce| vahA~ rAjakumArI candanA tIna dina kI upavAsI, hathakar3I aura ber3I pahane hue, sUpa meM ubAlA kulmASa lie hue kisI atithi kI pratIkSA meM thI ki use tejasvI tapasvI mahAvIra Ate hue dikhe| mahAvIra kA abhigraha abhI pUrA nahIM huA thaa| isalie jaise hI ve vApisa jAne lage ki candanA kI A~khoM meM A~sU A gye| sAdhaka mahAvIra kI pratijJA aba pUrI ho cukI thii| unhoMne candanA ke hAtha se pAraNA kara lii| candanA bhakta vyaktiyoM ke kaNTha kA hAra bana gii| yahI candanA kAlAntara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI prathama sAdhvI huii| gopAlaka upasarga 13. eka bAra chammANi ke bAhya udyAna meM mahAvIra dhyAnastha the| vahA~ sandhyAkAla meM eka gvAlA apane baila chor3akara gA~va calA gyaa| lauTane para use vahA~ baila . 2010_03

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44 dikhAI nahIM diye / mahAvIra se pUchane para koI uttara nahIM milaa| kruddha hokara usane unake donoM kAnoM meM kA~sa nAmaka ghAsa kI zalAkAyeM DAla dIM aura unheM patthara se aisA ThoMka diyA ki ve paraspara meM bhItara mila gii| bAhara ke zeSa bhAga ko usane tor3a diyA tAki koI unheM dekha na ske| mahAvIra ne isa asahya vedanA ko bhI zAntipUrvaka saha liyA / 22 karNazalAkA niSkAsana upasarga chammANi se mahAvIra madhyama pAvA phuNce| vahA~ bhikSA ke lie ve siddhArtha nAmaka vaNika ke ghara gaye / siddhArtha usa samaya apane mitra 'kharaka' nAmaka vaidya se bAta kara rahA thaa| una donoM ne mahAvIra ko dekhate hI unakI vedanA kA AbhAsa kara liyaa| idhara mahAvIra udyAna meM Akara dhyAnastha ho gaye / siddhArtha aura kharaka auSadhiyoM ke sAtha mahAvIra ko khojate hue udyAna meM phuNce| unhoMne unakI tela mAliza kI aura phira saMr3AsI se donoM kAnoM kI zalAkAyeM bAhara nikAla dIM / rudhirayukta zalAkAoM ke nikalAne kI tIvra vedanA se mahAvIra ke mu~ha se eka tIkhI cIkha niklii| vaidya kharaka ne ghAva para saMdohaNa auSadhi lagA dI aura vandanA karake calA gyaa| Azcarya hai ki mahAvIra kI tapasyA kA prArambha bhI gvAle ke upasarga se huA aura anta bhI gvAle ke upasarga se huaa| AgamoM ke anusAra mahAvIra ne sAdhanAkAla meM dAruNa upasarga sahe unameM jaghanya upasarga kaTapUtanA rAkSasI kA, madhyama upasarga saMgama kA aura utkRSTa upasarga kAnoM meM kIloM ke Thokane aura nikAle jAne kA thaa| 23 durdhara tapa isa prakAra sAdhaka mahAvIra chadmastha kAla meM lagAtAra lagabhaga sAr3he bAraha varSa taka kaThora sAdhanA meM lage rhe| isa bIca unhIM kahIM cora samajhA gayA to kahIM guptacara, kahIM yogI to kahIM bhogI, kahIM jJAnI to kahIM ajJAnI / phalataH unheM sabhI prakAra ke upadravoM ko jhelanA pdd'aa| sAdhaka mahAvIra vItarAgI aura mahAvratI the| unheM kisI prakAra kA rAga, dveSa, moha nahIM thA / ve to udyAna, guphA, parvata, vRkSa kA adhobhAga, caitya, khaNDahara Adi ekAkI sthAnoM para apanI sAdhanA meM magna ho jAte the aura maunavratI banakara sabhI prakAra kI prAkRtika aura aprAkRtika bAdhAoM ko sahana karate rahe / 24 sAdhanAkAla meM mahAvIra ko ucita AhAra bhI aprApya rhaa| prAyaH unheM nIrasa AhAra milatA jise ve nispRhI hokara mAtra zarIra ke saJcAlanArtha grahaNa kara lete| samUce sAdhanAkAla meM unhoMne kula 349 dina AhAra grahaNa kiyA aura zeSa dina nirjala tapasyA meM lgaaye| kalpasUtra (sUtra 116 ) meM unakI chadyasthakAlIna tapasyA kA varNana isa prakAra 2010_03

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diyA huA hai 1. cha: mAsI tapa eka 2. pA~ca dina kama cha: mAsI tapa eka 3. cAturmAsika tapa nau 4. traimAsika tapa do 5. sArtha dvaimAsika tapa do 6. dvaimAsika tapa cha: 7. sArdhamAsika tapa do 8. mAsika tapa bAraha 9. pAkSika tapa bahattara 10. bhadrapratimA eka dina kI 11. mahAbhadrapratimA cAra dina kI 12. sarvatobhadra pratimA dasa dina kI 13. chaTThabhakta do sau unnIsa 14. aSTamabhakta bAraha 15. pAraNA tIna sau unacAsa dina aura 16. dIkSA kA eka din| kevalajJAna kI prApti lagabhaga sAr3he bAraha varSa taka tapasyA karate-karate mahAvIra kI AtmA anuttara darzana jJAna-cAritra se vimala hotI gyii| terahaveM varSAyoga meM ve madhyama pAvA se vihAra karate hue jaMbhiyagrAma pahu~ce aura vahA~ ke bAhya udyAna meM dhyAnastha ho gye| sAdhanA kI yaha caramAvasthA thI aura usakA caramakAla bhii| mahAvIra kI AtmA aba pUrNata: nirmala ho cukI thii| unakA rAga, dveSa, moha samUla naSTa ho cukA thaa| phalataH vaisAkha zukla dazamI ko dina meM caturtha prahara meM RjukUlA nadI ke taTavartI zAlavRkSa ke nIce godohikA AsanakAla meM mahAvIra ko kaivalya kI prApti ho gii| unake jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya karmoM kA kSaya ho gyaa| aba mahAvIra arhanta, sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI ho gye| ve samasta loka kI samasta paryAyoM ko eka sAtha ___ 2010_03

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46 hastAmalakavat jAnane-dekhane lage / 25 yaha unake AtmA kI ananta zakti kA prasphuTana thaa| bauddha sAhitya meM bhI unakI sarvajJatA ke sandarbha ekAdhika bAra Aye haiM / 26 vahA~ bhI unheM gaNI, gaNAcArya aura tIrthaGkara kahakara smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| kAlAntara meM unako bhagavAn kahakara bhI sambodhita kiyA jAne lgaa| ina sabhI zabdoM ke pIche bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vyaktitva kI vizeSatAyeM chipI huI haiM jinheM hama asvIkAra nahIM kara sakate / tIrthaGkara prakRti kA yaha pariNAma thA / vidvAnoM kI khoja meM kevalajJAnI ho jAne para sarvajJa mahAvIra arhanta bana gye| unhoMne svayaM ke anubhUtimaya jIvana-darzana ko saMsaraNa se saMtRpta jana sAdhAraNa taka pahu~cAne kA lakSya banAyA tAki vaha bhI yathAzakti AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kara saMsAra ke isa janma-maraNa ke duzcakkara se dUra ho ske| isa dRSTi se unhoMne apanA dharma pracAra ( dhammacakkapavattana) karanA prArambha kara diyaa| prathama dezanAkAla meM janasamUha unake sarvavirati vrata grahaNa rUpa gambhIra upadeza ko grahaNa nahIM kara skaa| isIlie zAyada use 'abhAvitA pariSad' kahA gayA hai / isalie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sarvaprathama apanI bAta katipaya vidvAnoM ke samakSa prastuta karane kA nirNaya kiyaa| buddha ne bhI apanA prathama dharmopadeza paJcavargIya bhikSuoM ko diyA thaa| AcArya jinasena ke anusAra paiMsaTha dinoM taka mahAvIra kI divyavANI prakaTa nahIM huii| kisI ne sarvavirati mahAvrata grahaNa nahIM kiyA / kintu zvetAmbara paramparA ke sabhI granthoM ke anusAra unhoMne dvitIya dina pAvA meM dharmopadeza diyA aura tIrtha kI sthApanA kii| vidvAn ziSyoM kI khoja meM mahAvIra jRmbhikA grAma se madhyamapAvA phuNce| vahA~ Arya somila ne virATa yajJa kA samAyojana kiyA thA jisameM aneka sthAnoM se prakANDa paNDita upasthita hue the| isa samaya mahAvIra bhI bahujana paricita ho cuke the| pAvA pahu~cate hI unake bhaktoM ne eka sundara aura suvyavasthita vizAla maNDapa banAyA jise zAstrIya paribhASA meM devaracita samavazaraNa kahA gayA hai| vahA~ binA kisI bheda-bhAva ke sabhI ko samAna rUpa se baiThane kA avasara diyA gyaa| tAtkAlika sAmAjika viSama paristhiti meM yaha eka vizeSa AkarSaka ghaTanA thii| mahAvIra bhagavAn ne vahA~ baiThakara apanA divya upadeza diyaa| digambara paramparA isa ghaTanA ko rAjagRha (paJcazailapura) ke vipulAcala parvata para ghaTita mAnatI hai| prAkRta : abhivyakti kA mAdhyama bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza kI bhASA jana-sAdhAraNa kI thI jise ardhamAgadhI athavA prAkRta kahA gayA hai| saMskRta to abhijAtya varga kI bhASA thI jo vizeSa zikSita athavA ucca vargoM aura ucca varNoM taka sImita thii| yaha varga saMkhyA meM alpatara thA / 2010_03

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47 isalie lokabhASA saMskRta na hokara prAkRta thii| prAkRta hI sarvasAdhAraNa vyakti kI abhivyakti kA sAdhana thA / yahI kAraNa thA ki sabhI zrotAgaNa unake upadeza ko bhalI-bhA~ti samajha liyA karate the| yaha prathama avasara thA jabaki kisI ne lokabhASA ko itanA mahattva diyaa| isa lokabhASA kA kSetra uttara meM vaizAlI se lekara dakSiNa meM rAjagRha aura magadha ke dakSiNI kinAre taka tathA pUrva meM rADhabhUmi se lekara pazcima meM magadha kI sImA taka phailA thA / gaNadhara bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vyaktitva bahuta adhika lokapriya ho cukA thaa| ve vidvAnoM aura manISiyoM meM apratima the| unake upadeza sarvasAdhAraNa ke bhI antaH stala taka pahu~cane lage the| isalie ve janasamudAya ke AkarSaNa ke kendrabindu bana gaye the / isa sthiti meM yaha Avazyaka thA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra apane dharma pracAra ke lie katipaya viziSTa vidvAnoM ko ziSya banAyeM jo unake siddhAntoM ko samucita rUpa se samajhakara janasAdhAraNa ke samakSa prastuta kara skeN| inhIM ziSyoM ko zAstrIya paribhASA meM gaNadhara kahA gayA hai| mahAvIra svAmI ke isa prakAra ke gyAraha gaNadhara batAye gaye haiM- indrabhUti, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti, vyakta, sudharmA, maNDita, mauryaputra, akampita, acalabhrAtA, tArya aura prbhaas| ye sabhI vidvAn mahAvIra ke vyaktitva se prabhAvita hokara unake pAsa Ae aura apane praznoM kA samAdhAna pAkara unake parama ziSya bana gaye / 1. indrabhUti gautama magadhavartI gaurvara grAma meM vasubhUti nAmaka eka brAhmaNa vidvAn rahatA thaa| usake tIna putra the-- indrabhUti, agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti / ye tInoM putra bhI vaidika sAhitya aura kriyAkANDa ke kuzala aura pratibhAzAlI para ahaMmanya paNDita the| ve apane samakSa aura kisI dUsare kI vidvattA ko svIkAra nahIM karate the| usa samaya yajJa kriyAkarma adhika lokapriya thaa| madhyamapAvA meM indrabhUti apane ziSyoM sahita Arya somila ke virATa yajJa kA Ayojana karA rahe the / bhagavAn mahAvIra bhI jRmbhikAgrAma se vahA~ pahu~ce aura bAhya udyAna meM dhyAnastha ho ge| Azcarya kI bAta thI ki jana samudAya yAjJika utsava kI apekSA mahAvIra ke darzana karane meM adhika utsAha dikhA rahA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki usa samaya taka kriyAkANDa kI jar3eM hila cukI thiiN| samAja sahI mArgadarzana pAne ke lie Atura thaa| iMdrabhUti ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra kI lokapriyatA IrSyA kA kAraNa bana gii| digambara paramparA 27 ke anusAra itane meM hI eka vRddha vidvAn vyakti usase nimnalikhita zloka kA artha pUchane AyA 2010_03

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48 paMceva atthikAyA chajjIvaNikAyA mahavvayA pNc| aTTha ya pavayaNamAdA saheuo baMdha mokkho ya / / indrabhUti ke lie asthikAya, chajjIvaNikAya, mahavvaya, aTThapavayaNamAdA Adi pAribhASika zabda bilakula nae the| isalie vivaza hokara unheM usase yaha kahanA par3A ki maiM isa gAthA kA artha tumhAre guru ke samakSa hI batAU~gA / yahA~ vRddha ziSya SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra to indra thA para apane Apako tIrthaGkara yA vidvAn mAnane vAloM kI parIkSA karane vAlA koI viziSTa vyakti rahA hogA athavA yaha bhI sambhava hai ki mahAvIra kI dezanA kahA~ taka tathyasaMgata hai yaha jJAta karane ke lie vaha paNDita-mAnya indrabhUti ke pAsa pahu~cA ho / zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra indrabhUti Adi pAvA meM viziSTa yajJa ke Ayojana meM Aye hue the| unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke viziSTa tejasvI vyaktitva ko dekhakara unheM parAjita karanA cAhA aura ve kramazaH bhagavAn mahAvIra se zAstrArtha karane phuNce| mahAvIra ke pAsa pahu~cate hI indrabhUti gautama svataH hataprabha hone lge| samavazaraNavartI mAnastambha ajJAnAndhakAra ko vigalita karane vAlA prakAzastambha bana gyaa| mahAvIra ne svayaM usake hRdayAMkita praznoM ko usake samakSa rkhaa| indrabhUti ko AtmA ke astitva ke sandarbha meM vizeSa zaMkA thI / usakA pakSa thA ki AtmA ghaTAdi padArthoM ke samAna pratyakSa nahIM hai / vaha anumAnagamya bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki anumAna bhI pratyakSapUrvaka hotA hai| AtmA Agamagamya bhI nahIM hai kyoMki anumAna ke binA Agama kI siddhi nahIM hotI / adRSTArtha viSayaka naraka, svarga Adi kI siddhi kA bhI anumAna hI mUla kAraNa hai tathA tIrthaGkaroM ke sabhI Agama paraspara virodhI haiM ataeva AtmA ke astitva ke viSaya meM saMzaya hI utpanna hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne indrabhUti gautama ke ukta sandeha ko dUra karate hue kahA ki AtmA pratyakSa hai kyoMki svasaMvedana - siddha jo saMzayAdi vijJAna tumhAre hRdaya meM prasphuTita ho rahA hai vaha vijJAna hI AtmA hai| aura jo pratyakSa hai vaha pramANAntara dvArA sAdhya nahIM athavA anya pramANa kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| jaise svazarIra meM hI sukha - duHkhAdika AtmasaMvedana siddha hai tathA jAnatA hU~, bolatA hU~, karatA hU~, ityAdi prakAra se jo yaha traikAlika kArya vyapadeza hai usameM rahane vAle ahaM pratyaya se bhI Atmasiddhi hotI hai| jise Atmanizcaya kA saMzaya hogA, vaha karmabandha mokSAdika ke viSaya meM bhI saMzayAlu rhegaa| smRti, jijJAsA, cikIrSA Adi guNoM kA svasaMvedana pratyakSa hone se ghaTa jaise AtmA guNI bhI pratyakSa siddha hotA hai| yadi guNoM se guNI ko anarthAntara bhUta mAnA jAya to usake grahaNa hone para AtmA kA grahaNa ho ho jAyagA / yadi guNoM se guNI ko arthAntarabhUta mAnA jAya to ghaTAdika guNI bhI pratyakSa nahIM hoNge| ataH dravya se virahita 2010_03

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koI guNa nahIM hotA hai| 28 indrabhUti gautama mahAvIra bhagavAn se apane prazna kA samucita samAdhAna pAkara prasanna huA aura tatkAla unakA ziSyatva svIkAra kara liyaa| usakI pratibhA kA unmeSa huA aura zraddhA vyakta huI tathA pariNAma nirmala hue| jaina sAhitya meM indrabhUti ko prathama gaNadhara kahA gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA vizleSaNa, pracAraNa aura prasAraNa kA samUcA uttaradAyitva aura zreya indrabhUti gautama ko hI hai| 2. agnibhUti indrabhUti ke bAda zeSa daza pramukha vidvAn bhI kramaza: mahAvIra ke ziSya bana gye| dvitIya vidvAn agnibhUti kA sandeha thA ki karma hai yA nhiiN| mahAvIra ne kahA ki karma kA astitva nizcita rUpa se hai| vaha pratyakSata: nahIM para anumAnata: avazya dikhAI detA hai| sukha-duHkhAdika kI anubhUti kA kAraNa karma hI hai| tulya sAdhana hone para sukha-duHkhAdi ke anubhavana meM jo tAratamya dekhA jAtA hai usakA mUla kAraNa karma hai| bAla zarIra kA pUrvavartI jo zarIrAntara hai vaha karma hai| vahI karma kArmANa zarIra hai| 29 apane prazna kA ucita uttara pAkara agnibhUti bhI mahAvIra kA ziSya bana gyaa| 3. vAyubhUti vAyubhUti kA mantavya thA ki caitanya bhUtoM kA dharma hai tathA zarIra aura AtmA abhinna hai| mahAvIra ne kahA ki bhUta kI pratyeka avasthA meM cetanA kA abhAva hone para sAmudAyika rUpa meM cetanA kI utpatti kaise ho sakatI hai? reNu samudAya meM bhI tela kaise utpanna ho sakatA hai? bhUtoM ke pratyeka aMga meM cetana kI nyUnamAtratA mAnI jAya aura usake sAmudAyika rUpa se cetanA kI utpatti mAnI jAya to bhI ThIka nhiiN| kyoMki jisa prakAra madyAMgoM meM nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM mada zakti rahatI hai usI prakAra pratyeka bhUta meM caitanya zakti dikhAI nahIM detii| madya ke pratyeka aGga meM madazakti mAnanA Avazyaka kahA nahIM jA sakatA anyathA koI bhI vastu mada kA kAraNa ho jaaygii| ata: caitanya bhUtoM kA dharma nahIM mAnA jA sakatA aura na zarIra va AtmA abhinna kahe jA sakate haiN| 3deg vAyubhUti bhI apane prazna kA samAdhAna pAkara mahAvIra kA ziSya ho gyaa| 4. vyakta vidvAn vyakta athavA zucidatta kA sandeha thA ki bhUtoM kA koI astitva nhiiN| ve mAtra svapnopama haiN| mahAvIra ne kahA yadi saMsAra meM bhUtoM kA astitva hI na ho to unake viSaya meM AkAzakusuma ke samAna sandeha hI utpanna nahIM hogaa| vidyamAna vastu meM hI sandeha utpanna hotA hai| vyakta kA samAdhAna huA aura usane ziSyatva svIkAra kara liyaa| Age calakara yahI siddhAnta zUnyavAda ke rUpa meM sAhitya aura darzana meM 2010_03

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prasphuTita huaa| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM to ise zUnyavAda darzana hI kahA gayA hai|31 5. sudharmA sudharmA 'iha bhava ke samAna hI parabhava meM bhI gati milI hai' yaha mAnate the| mahAvIra ne kahA yaha socanA bhramamUlaka hai| kArya kAraNa ke samAna hotA hai, yaha niyama ekAntika nhiiN| bhraGga se zara nAmaka vanaspati hotI hai| usameM sarSapa lagA dene para bhUtRNa utpanna hotA hai| isI prakAra bhinna-bhinna karmoM kA phala bhinna-bhinna hotA hai| unake anusAra hI paraloka meM janma milatA hai|32 6. maNDita "jIva kA karma ke sAtha saMyoga aura mokSa hotA hai" isameM maNDita ko sandeha thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA- bIjAMkura ke samAna deha aura karma anAdi haiM hetuhetumadbhAva hone se| ghaTa kA kartA kumbhakAra hai| usI ke samAna jIva karma kA kartA hai aura usI prakAra kAraNa hone se karma deha kA kAraNa hai| anAdi hone para bhI jIva aura karma kA saMyoga tapa dvArA naSTa ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra bandha-mokSa kI vyavasthA spaSTa ho jAtI hai|33 7. maurya putra mauryaputra ko svargoM (devoM) ke astitva meM sandeha thaa| mahAvIra ne kahA devoM kA astitva hai| yaha jAtismaraNa Adi se siddha hai| devoM ke na hone para svargIya phala niSphala ho jAegA aura veda-vAkya nirarthaka ho jaaveNge|34 maurya kA sambandha pippalIvana ke moriyoM se thA jo vrAtya kSatriya the| yahA~ eka pUrA grAma mayUra poSakoM kakA thaa| candragupta (prathama) isI maurya vaMza kA thaa| 8. akampita akampita kA mata thA ki pratyakSa aura anumAna se upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa nArakiyoM kA astitva nahIM hai| mahAvIra ne kahA- nArakiyoM kA astitva hai kyoMki use sarvajJa ne dekhA hai| indriya-pratyakSa to upacArata: rahatA hai| indriyA~ amUrta hone se upalabdhi karane meM asamartha haiM, samartha to pratyakSa jJAna hai| pA~ca khir3akiyoM se dekhane vAle eka vyakti ke samAna jIva indriyoM se bhinna hai| indriya-rUpa AcchAdana rahita jIva adhika vastuoM ko jAnatA hai| ataH naraka siddhi meM pratyakSa aura anumAna donoM kAraNa siddha ho jAte haiN| prakRSTa puNyabhAgI deva haiM to prakRSTa pApa bhAgI nArakI bhI haiM hii|35 9. acalabhrAtA acala bhrAtA ke mana meM puNya-pApa ke sambandha meM pA~ca vikalpa the- (1) kevala ___ 2010_03

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51 puNya hai, (2) kevala pApa hai, (3) donoM apRthak haiM, (4) donoM pRthak haiM tathA (5) svabhAva hI saba kucha hai| mahAvIra ne uttara diyA ki pathyAhArI ke samAna puNya kI utkarSatA aura apakarSatA dekhI jAtI hai| isI prakAra apathyAhAra se duHkha dekhA jAtA hai| ataH puNya-pApa donoM haiM aura ve saMyukta haiN| paraspara utkarSa - apakarSa meM unheM tadanusAra nAma de dete haiN| donoM pRthak haiM aura sukha, duHkha se unakA astitva mAnA jAtA hai| svabhAva hI saba kucha nahIM hai| 36 10. metArya metArya ko sandeha thA ki paraloka athavA punarjanma hai yA nhiiN| mahAvIra ne isakA samAdhAna kiyA aura kahA ki jAtismaraNa Adi ke kAraNa yaha siddha hai ki bhUtoM ke vyatirikta AtmA hai| vaha amara hai aura eka zarIra chor3akara dUsarA zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai, yahI punarjanma hai| 11. prabhAsa prabhAsa kA mata thA dIpa ke nAza kI taraha jIva kA nirvANa jIva kA nAza hai| athavA anAdi hone se AkAza kI taraha jIva-karma kA sambandha-viccheda nahIM hogA / narakAdi paryAyoM ke naSTa ho jAne para jIva kA nAza ho jAtA hai| phira mokSa kahA~ ? mahAvIra ne isakA uttara diyA ki nArakAdi paryAyoM ke naSTa ho jAne para jIva kA nAza nahIM hotaa| jIvatva karmakRta nahIM / karmanAza hone para saMsAra kA nAza avazya hotA hai| svabhAva se vikAra dharma vAlA na hone se jIva vinAzI siddha nahIM hotaa| mukta ho jAne para jIva aura karma kA sambandha vicchinna ho jAtA hai| yahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne padArtha ke svarUpa kA bhI vizleSaNa kiyA ki vaha utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvyAtmaka hai / nizcayanaya dhauvyAtmaka tattva kA pratIka hai aura vyavahAranaya utpAda - vyaya tattvoM kA / isa prakAra indrabhUti gautama aura usake dazoM pradhAna vidvAn sAthI mahAvIra svAmI kI prakANDa vidvattA aura sarvajJatA ke samakSa savinaya natamastaka hue aura apane caudaha hajAra ziSya parivAra sahita unake ziSyatva ko svIkAra kara liyaa| mahAvIra svAmI ke ye gyAraha pradhAna ziSya hue jinheM jaina zAstroM meM gaNadhara kahA gayA hai| ina gyAraha gaNadharoM meM pradhAna the - indrabhUti gautama / digambara aura zvetAmbara, donoM paramparAoM meM gaNadharoM kI saMkhyA meM to koI matabheda nahIM para unake nAmoM meM matabheda avazya hai / indrabhUti, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti, sudharmA, mauryaputra, akampita aura prabhAsa to donoM paramparAoM ko mAnya haiM para vyakta, maNDita, acalabhrAtA aura metArya ko digambara paramparA svIkAra nahIM krtii| unake sthAna para vaha maundraya, putra, maitreya aura andhavela kA nAma prastAvita karatI hai| yahA~ yaha bhI dRSTavya 2010_03

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52 hai ki zvetAmbarAmnAya mauryapatra ko eka hI gaNadhara mAnatI hai para digambarAmnAya use maurya aura putra nAma ke pRthaka-pRthaka do gaNadhara batAtI hai|37 caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA gyAraha gaNadharoM ke ziSya bana jAne para mahAvIra bhagavAn kI lokapriyatA aura vizruti aura bhI adhika bar3ha gii| sAtha hI unake anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA meM bhI vRddhi honA prArambha ho gyaa| yaha dekhakara bhagavAn ne nava gaNoM kI sthApanA kI aura unakA uttaradAyitva pUrvokta gaNadharoM ko sauMpa diyaa| isake uparAnta unhoMne apane anuyAyiyoM ko bhI cAra zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kara diyA- zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka aura shraavikaa| AryikAoM ke netRtva zramaNI candanabAlA ko sauMpA gyaa| ___ isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vaizAkha zukla ekAdazI ke dina caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kii| bauddha sAhitya meM saMghI, gaNI, gaNAcariya, titthakara, savvaJja Adi sammAnanIya zabdoM se unakA aneka bAra smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| dharmapracAra aura varSAvAsa caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA ke uparAnta bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sarvajanahitAya aura sarvajanasukhAya dharmapracAra karanA prArambha kiyA tAki sAMsArika prANI bhautikatA se dara haTakara Atma-kalyANa kara skeN| janakalyANakAritA ke kAraNa hI unheM arhanta jina kahA gayA hai aura paMca parameSThiyoM meM prathama parameSThI ke antargata unakA nAma rakhA gayA hai| kevalajJAna prApti ke bAda kI bhI jIvana-ghaTanAoM kA vivaraNa digambara sAhitya meM samucita aura susambaddha nahIM milatA jabaki zvetAmbara sAhitya meM use kisI sImA taka kramabaddha kara diyA gayA hai| donoM paramparAoM ke AdhAra para bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmapracAra aura varSAvAsa ke pramukha sthala nimna prakAra se nizcita kiye jA sakate haiM 1. madhyamapAvA, rAjagRha (vrssaavaas)| 2. brAhmaNakuNDa, kSatriyakuNDa, vaizAlI (vrssaavaas)| 3. kauzAmbI, zrAvastI, vANijyagrAma (vrssaavaas)| 4. rAjagRha (vrssaavaas)| 5. campA, vItabhaya, vANijyagrAma (vrssaavaas)| 6. vArANasI, AlaMbhiyA, rAjagRha (vrssaavaas)| 2010_03

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7. rAjagRha (vrssaavaas)| 8. kauzAmbI, AlaMbhiyA, vaizAlI (vrssaavaas)| 9. mithilA, kAkandI, polAsapura, vANijyagrAma, vaizAlI (vrssaavaas)| 10. rAjagRha (vrssaavaas)| 11. kavaMgalA, zrAvastI, vANijyagrAma (vrssaavaas)| 12. brAhmaNakuNDa, kauzAmbI, rAjagRha (vrssaavaas)| 13. campA (vrssaavaas)| 14. kAkandI, mithilA (vrssaavaas)| 15. zrAvastI, mithilA (vrssaavaas)| 16. hastinApura, mokAnagarI, vANijyagrAma (vrssaavaas)| 17. rAjagRha (vrssaavaas)| 18. campA, dazArNapura, vANijyagrAma (vrssaavaas)| 19. kAmpilyapura, vaizAlI (vrssaavaas)| 20. vaizAlI (vrssaavaas)| 21. rAjagRha, campA, rAjagRha (vrssaavaas)| 22. rAjagRha, nAlandA (vrssaavaas)| 23. vANijyagrAma, vaizAlI (vrssaavaas)| 24. sAketa, vaizAlI (vrssaavaas)| 25. rAjagRha (vrssaavaas)| 26. nAlandA (vrssaavaas)| 27. mithilA (vrssaavaas)| 28. mithilA (vrssaavaas)| 29. rAjagRha (vrssaavaas)| 30. apApApurI (varSAvAsa) - parinirvANa sthl| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane tIsa varSIya dharmapracArakAla meM jainadharma ko bhAratavarSa ke kone-kone meM phailA diyaa| unakA bhramaNa vizeSata: uttara, pUrva, pazcima aura madhyabhArata 2010_03

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54 meM adhika huaa| bar3e-bar3e rAje-mahArAje bhI unake anuyAyI bhakta the| zrAvastI kA nareza prasenajita, magadha kA nareza zreNika, campA kA nareza dadhivAhana, kauzAmbI kA nareza zatAnIka, kaliMga kA nareza jitazatru Adi jaise pratApI mahArAjA bhagavAn ke bhakta aura upAsaka the| dakSiNApatha meM bhI bhagavAn kA vihAra huaa| usa samaya yaha bhAga hemAMgada ke nAma se vizruta thaa| mahArAjA satyandhara ke suputra jIvaMdhara usa samaya vahA~ ke rAjA the| rAjapura usakI rAjadhAnI thii| jainadharma kA pracAra yadyapi usa pradeza meM pahale se hI thA para mahAvIra ke bhramaNa se usameM eka nayA utsAha aura nayI preraNA jAgarita huii| Aja bhI dakSiNa meM jainadharma, sAhitya aura kalA ke pramANa pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hote haiN| zrIlaMkA Adi dakSiNavartI dezoM meM usa samaya jainadharma pahu~ca gayA thaa| pAli sAhitya, vizeSata: mahAvaMza isakA vizvasanIya pramANa hai| saMgha pramANa bhagavAn tIrthaGkara mahAvIra kA vratI saMgha38 isa prakAra thA1. gaNadhara 2. gaNa 7 athavA 9 3. kevalI 700 4. mana:paryayajJAnI 500 5. avadhijJAnI 1300 caudaha pUrvadhArI 300 7. vAdI 400 8. vaikriyakalabdhidhArI 700 9. anuttaropapAtikamuni 800 10. sAdhu 14000 11. sAdhviyA~ (AryikAyeM) 36000 12. zrAvaka 159000 13. zrAvikAyeM 318000 531718 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2010_03

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- isameM sAdhAraNa zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI gaNanA sammilita nahIM hai| mAtra vratadhAriyoM kI hI yahA~ gaNanA kI gaI hai| sambhava hai yahA~ vratI saMgha ke antargata unhIM ko rakhA gayA ho, jo pravrajita sAdhuoM kI hI hogii| uddiSTatyAgI ko bhI zrAvaka kahA gayA hai| sAdhAraNa zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI gaNanA nahIM hogii| parinirvANa rAjagRha meM unatIsavA~ varSAvAsa kara tIrthaGkara mahAvIra dharma-pracAra karate hue malloM kI rAjadhAnI apApApurI (pAvApurI) phuNce| vahA~ ke rAjA hastipAla ne unakA bhAvabhInA svAgata kiyaa| dharmopadeza dete hue apApApurI meM varSAkAla ke tIna mAha vyatIta ho cuke| cauthe mAha kI kArtika kRSNA amAvasyA kA prAta:kAla bhagavAn mahAvIra kA antima samaya thaa| ve anavarata dharmadezanA de rahe the| unakI sabhA meM kAzI, kozala ke licchavI, nau malla aura aThAraha gaNarAjA bhI upasthita the| anta meM unhoMne adhAtiyA karmoM kA bhI kSaya kara parama nirvANa pada prApta kiyaa|39 pAli sAhitya meM bhI isa ghaTanA kA varNana milatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne tIsa varSa kI Ayu meM mahAbhiniSkramaNa kiyA evaM chadmastha kAla ke bAraha aura kevalIcaryA ke tIsa, kula bayAlIsa cAturmAsa kiye| isa prakAra kula milAkara mahAvIra kI Ayu bahattara varSa kI mAnI gaI hai tadanusAra unakA parinirvANa 527 I0pU0 meM huaa| isa nirvANa prApti ke upalakSya meM licchavi, malla rAjA mahArAjAoM ne dIpa jalAkara nirvANa mahotsava mnaayaa| Aja bhI dIpAvalI ke rUpa meM use dhUmadhAma se manAyA jAtA hai| pUrvavartI tIrthaGkaroM kA Akalana kalpasUtra ke prathama bhAga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha kA jIvana carita diyA gayA hai| ve mahAvIra se lagabhaga 250varSa pUrva hue the| unakA janma vArANasI meM pauSa vadi dazamI ko vizAkhA nakSatra meM vAmA devI ke kokha se huA thaa| lagabhaga bIsa varSa kI Ayu meM pArzvanAtha kA vivAha rAjA prasenajita kI putrI prabhAvatI ke sAtha huaa| usI samaya kamaTha nAma kA eka tapasvI haThayoga kara rahA thaa| pArzvanAtha ne use sahI tapasyA kA rUpa smjhaayaa| vahIM eka lakar3I jala rahI thii| pArzva ne kahA- isa lakar3I ke andara eka sarpa yugala jhulasa rahA hai| ise nikaalie| nikAlane para unakI bAta sahI niklii| pArzva ne adhamare usa sarpayugala ko NamokAra mantra kA pATha sunAyA jisake prabhAva se marakara ve dharaNendra aura padmAvatI hue| kamaTha kA jIva bhI meghamAlI 2010_03

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56 deva huaa| idhara pArzvanAtha kA mana vairAgya kI ora bar3hA aura unhoMne zramaNa dIkSA le lii| ekAnta meM unheM dhyAna karate hue dekhakara badalA lene kI dRSTi se meghamAlI ne una para ghanaghora upasarga kiye| vahIM dharaNendra-padmAvatI ne usI taraha bhagavAn kI surakSA kii| bhagavAn bhI una upasargoM se tanika bhI vicalita nahIM hue| phalata: unheM kevalajJAna prApta ho gyaa| usake bAda unhoMne lAkhoM logoM ko dharmopadeza diyA aura lagabhaga sau varSa kI avasthA meM nirvANa prApta kiyaa| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke vyaktitva aura siddhAntoM kA darzana jaina, bauddha sAhitya meM pracura mAtrA meM milatA hai| ve 'cAujjamadhamma' ke pravartaka the| tathAgata buddha ne unakI paramparA meM dIkSita hokara kucha samaya taka AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI thii| buddha ke ziSya sAriputra maudgalAyana bhI bauddhadharma meM dIkSita hone ke pUrva pArzva-paramparA ke anuyAyI the| kAlAntara meM jainadharma kI utkRSTa sAdhanA kI ArAdhanA karane meM asamartha hone se bhagavAn buddha ne madhyama mArga apanA liyaa| kalpasUtra ne viloma zailI ko apanAkara mahAvIra ke caritra ko sarvaprathama hamAre sAmane alaMkArika zailI meM prastuta kiyaa| isake bAda kramaza: tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha, neminAtha Adi tIrthaGkaroM kA varNana karate hue anta meM RSabhadeva kA jIvana caritra likhaa| yadyapi tIrthaka RSabhadeva ke viSaya meM hama pIche likha cuke haiM para yahA~ kalpasUtra kA prasaMga Ane ke kAraNa puna: use saMkSepa meM duharA rahe haiN| tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva ____ avasarpiNIkAla ke tIsare Are ke pichale tIsare bhAga meM kAla ke prabhAva se bhogabhUmi kA rUpa samApta hone lagA taba kulakara vyavasthA prArambha huii| jaina paramparA ke antima kulakara nAbhirAya hue| unakI patnI marudevI kI kukSi meM vajranAbha kA jIva sarvArthasiddhi se cyuta hokara uttarASADha nakSatra meM praviSTa huaa| rAtri ke pichale bhAga meM marudevI ne caudaha svapna dekhe (digambara paramparA meM yaha saMkhyA 16 hai)| usa samaya kA vAtAvaraNa bar3A zAnta aura manorama thaa| cAroM dizAoM meM khuzahAlI thI mAnoM koI nayA sUrya udita ho rahA ho| bAlaka kA janma hone para usakA nAma RSabhadeva rakhA gyaa| usakA vaMza ikSvAku khlaayaa| yuvaka hone para sunandA aura sumaMgalA se usakA vivAha huaa| kAlAntara meM sumaMgalA se bharata aura brAhmI tathA sunandA se bAhubalI aura sundarI kA janma huA yugala rUpa meN| bAda yugala rUpa meM janme unake 100 putra aura do putriyA~ huiiN| inameM bharata kI paTarAnI anantamati ke putra marIci ke hI jIva ne bAda meM mahAvIra ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| 2010_03

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57 RSabhadeva ne zAsana-vyavasthA kA vikAsa kiyaa| unhoMne kalA-vijJAna aura sAmAjika-vyavasthA kA bhI sUtrapAta kiyaa| eka lambI avadhi taka rAjya karane ke bAda unhoMne apane sabhI putroM ko yathA rUpa rAjya sauMpakara jinadIkSA grahaNa kara lii| putroM ne bhI apane-apane rAjya ko samRddha aura sampanna kiyaa| bharata ne chaho khaNDa jIta liye para bAhubalI kA rAjya avijita rhaa| phalata: donoM bhAiyoM ke bIca jo mallayuddha, jalayuddha aura dRSTiyuddha hue| una sabase hamArA paricaya hai hii| ina sabhI yuddhoM meM bAhubalI kI jIta huii| isa jIta se bAhubalI ne nirAsakta hokara jinadIkSA grahaNa kara lI, para unake mana meM ahaMkAra kI patalI-sI parata banI rahI jisase kevalajJAna hone meM bAdhA khar3I ho gii| bharata ko jaise hI isa tathya kA patA calA, ve bAhubalI ke pAsa pahu~ce aura bhalIbhAMti unheM smjhaayaa| phalata: bAhubalI ko kevalajJAna ho gyaa| bharata ne bhI yaha saba vicAra kara jinadIkSA le lii| tInoM ne yathAsamaya mokSa prApta kiyaa| RSabhadeva kA vyaktitva bar3A cumbakIya thA, talasparzI thaa| isalie samUcA vaidika aura bauddha sAhitya unako apane-apane Agama meM smaraNa kara rahA hai| bharata ke nAma para hamAre deza kA nAma bhI bhAratavarSa par3a gyaa| kalpasUtra ke dvitIya khaNDa meM sthavirAvalI dI gaI hai| ye sthavira aise haiM jinhoMne jainadharma kI gauravamayI paramparA ko Age bar3hAyA hai| unameM agragaNya haiM mahAvIra ke gyAraha gnndhr| unake nAma haiM-- indrabhUti, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti, vyakta, sudharmA, maNDita, mauryaputra, akampita, acalabhrAtA, metArya aura prbhaas| inameM gautama aura sudharmA ko chor3akara zeSa gaNadharoM kA nirvANa mahAvIra ke sAmane hI ho gayA thaa| isake bAda gautama gaNadhara bAraha varSa taka jIvita rahe aura sudharmA bhI bAraha athavA bIsa varSa ke bAda parinirvRta ho gye| eka paramparA gautama gaNadhara ko prathama AcArya mAnatI hai to dUsarI paramparA ke anusAra sudharmA hI prathama AcArya the| kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI sudharmA se hI prArambha hotI hai| sambhava hai, saMgha kI vyavasthA kA uttaradAyitva sudharmA se prArambha huA ho| kevalI ke rUpa meM sudharmA ne 44 varSa taka zAsana ko samhAlA aura mahAvIra ke cauMsaTha varSa bAda unakA parinirvANa ho gyaa| isake bAda 5 zrutakevalI hue jinameM prabhava kA 11 varSa, zayyaMbhava kA 23 varSa, yazobhadra kA 50 varSa, sambhUtivijaya kA 8 varSa aura bhadrabAhu kA 14 varSa kA zAsana rhaa| tadanantara kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI ke anusAra 12 dazapUrvadhara hue jinakA kula kAryakAla 414 varSa rhaa| sthUlabhadra 45 varSa, mahAgiri 30 varSa, suhasti 46 varSa, guNasundara 44 varSa, kAlakAcArya (zyAmAcArya) 41 varSa, zANDilya 38 varSa, revatImitra 36 varSa, Arya maMgu 20 varSa, Aryadharma 24 varSa, bhadragupta 39 varSa, zrIgupta 15 varSa 2010_03

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58 aura vajra 36 vrss| isa taraha daza pUrvo kA jJAna mahAvIra ke parinirvANa ke 584 varSa bAda taka calatA rhaa| digambara paramparA meM yaha samaya 345 varSa hI mAnA jAtA hai| zrutilopa kA krama bar3hatA hI gyaa| daza pUrvo ke viccheda ho jAne ke bAda vizeSapAThiyoM kA bhI viccheda ho gyaa| digambara paramparA isa ghaTanA ko mahAvIra nirvANa ke 683 varSa bAda huA mAnatI hai| para zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra Aryavajra ke bAda 23 varSa taka AryarakSita yugapradhAna AcArya rhe| ve sAr3he nau pUrvo ke jJAtA the| unhoMne vizeSa pAThiyoM kA kramazaH hrAsa dekhakara use cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta kara diyaa| phira bhI pUrvo ke lopa ko nahIM bacAyA jA skaa| yaha sthiti mahAvIra nirvANa ke eka hajAra varSa bAda hii| yahA~ yaha spaSTa hai ki antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu pATaliputra vAcanA meM upasthita nahIM ho ske| phira bhI anya sAdhuoM ke mAdhyama se gyAraha aMgoM kA saMkalana kiyA gyaa| ve aMga Aja bhI pracalita haiN| AcArya devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNa antima dazapUrvadhArI vajra muni kI paramparA meM hue| unhIM ke netRtvameM yaha Agama sAhitya lipibaddha huA mahAvIra nirvANa ke lagabhaga 1000 varSa baad| kalpasUtra kA tIsarA bhAga samAcArI hai jisameM 'NANassa sAraM AyAro' ke AdhAra para AcAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| samAcArI kA artha hai samyak AcAra kA varNana karane vaalaa| isa bhAga meM sAdhu varga ke nirdoSa AcAra kI vyAkhyA hai| ise hI 'pajjosaNA kappa' kahA jAtA hai jo AyAradasA (dazAzrutaskandha) kA 8vA~ adhyayana hai| AcaraNa jJAna ke Upara hai tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ne kore jJAna ko kataI mahattva nahIM diyaa| unhoMne AcaraNa ko vizeSa mahattva diyaa| isalie ve jJAnavAdI nahIM, AcaraNavAdI khlaaye| jaina AgamoM kA prArambha hI AcArAMga se hotA hai jahA~ kahA gayA hai 'NANassa sAro aayaaro'| uttarakAlIna sAre AcAryoM ne isa kathana kA pUrI taraha se anukaraNa kiyA hai| kalpasUtra ke antima bhAga samAcArI meM yahI tathya mukhya rUpa se varNita hai| ___jJAna vastutaH kitAbI jJAna hai yadi vaha anubhava meM na utre| svAnubhUti binA jJAna ke paMgu hai, adhUrA hai| AsthA aura zraddhA bhI usI kA anukaraNa karatI hai| isameM vahI antara hai jo antara eka bhASaNa aura pravacana meM hotA hai| bhASaNa udhAra liye hue jJAna kI abhivyakti mAtra hai para pravacana eka viziSTa vacanoM kA pragaTIkaraNa hai jo anubhUti ke mAdhyama se utaratA hai| isalie darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ke sAtha 'samyak' vizeSaNa lagA diyA gayA hai tAki thothe jJAna aura mithyA tapa kI upekSA kI jA ske| 'ratnatraya' siddhAnta ke pIche yahI dhAraNA rahI hai aura tInoM ke samanvita mArga ko hI saccI saphalatA kA sUtra mAnA hai| 2010_03

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cetanatA, jAnanA aura dekhanA, jJAna aura darzana AtmA kA mUla svabhAva hai| pUrNa vizuddhatA usakA lakSaNa hai| vaha svatantratA, nizcala, kartA aura bhoktA hai| parantu karmoM ke prabhAva se usakA mUla svabhAva Dhaka jAtA hai, usa para dhUli kA AvaraNa car3ha jAtA hai| yahI AvaraNa saMsAra meM janma-maraNa lene kI prakriyA ko bar3hA detA hai| duHkhoM kA sAgara isI se gaharAtA calA jAtA hai| __ AcaraNa kA pramukhatama sAdhana hai aprigrhvRtti| sArI burAiyoM kI jar3a hai aaskti| Asakti lobha kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| vaha viveka ke cehare para apanA ceharA aisA cipakA detA hai ki vaha mukhauTA mala cehare se bhI kabhI-kabhI behatara dikhAI detA hai| sArI hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla Adi jaise pApoM ke pIche yahI mukhauTA, parigraha kA bhAva kAma karatA hai aura sanmArga meM kAMTe bichAtA hai| lagatA hai, parigraha hI pApa kA mUla kAraNa rahA hogA tIrthaGkara mahAvIra kI dRSTi meN| aparigraha vRtti ke bAda hama khAna-pAna kI ora dRSTi deN| jainadharma eka jIvana paddhati hai, jindagI kA rAstA hai jahA~ vyakti nirbhaya aura nirdvandva hokara cala sakatA hai| Aja kA vijJAna kSetra isa tathya ko pramANita karatA hai ki khAna-pAna kA asara hamAre mana para aura hamArI vRttiyoM para par3atA hai| jaina jIvana paddhati zuddha zAkAhAra ko tarajIha detI hai| zAkAhAra mAnavatA kI pukAra hai| Azcarya hai thor3e se tathAkathita svAda ke lie vyakti apanI mAnavatA ko caTa kara jAtA hai aura pazuvRtti kA pratIka mAMsAhAra karane meM juTa jAtA hai| mAMsAhAra koI anivArya tattva nahIM hai, anivArya tattva hai anAja aura khAdya vnsptiyaaN| isakA koI vikalpa bhI nahIM hai| krUratA, Aveza Adi tAmasika vRttiyA~, mAMsAhAra se adhika bar3hatI haiN| hRdaya roga, kaiMsara, mirgI, saMdhivAta, moTApA, tvacA roga Adi aneka bhISaNa roga mAMsAhAra se adhika hote haiN| mAMsAhArI pazu aura zAkAhArI pazuoM kI zarIra-racanA bhI bilakula bhinna hotI hai| zAkAhAra meM proTIna kama hote haiM yaha dhAraNA bhI bilkula galata sAbita ho gaI hai| ata: jainadharma vizuddha zAkAhAra para bala detA hai| ahiMsAdi vratoM kA paripAlana eka sAdhAraNa vyakti ke vaza kI bAta nahIM hotii| ataH vaha 'aNuvrata' kahA jAtA hai| aNuvratI honA sacce zrAvaka kA lakSaNa hai| usakA jIvana nirvyasanI honA caahie| madya, mAMsAdi ke sevana se virata honA caahie| dhanArjana bhI nyAyapUrvaka ho| usameM zoSaNa na ho| ahaMkArAdi bhAvoM se dUra rahakara samatA bhAva usakI AdhArazilA ho| arjana ke sAtha visarjana bhI utanA hI Avazyaka hai| AcaraNa kA caturtha AyAma hai cintana aura abhivyakti meM samatA bhaav| samanvaya cetanA aura samatAmayI vicAradhArA azAnta vAtAvaraNa ko prazAnta banA 2010_03

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60 detI hai| koI bhI sAMsArika vyakti padArtha ke sabhI guNoM kA varNana eka sAtha nahIM kara sakatA aura phira hara eka ke vicAroM meM satyAMza rahatA hI hai| usa satyAMza kA Adara karanA, svIkAra karanA hamArA dharma hai| isI ko syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda kahA jAtA hai| jahA~ naya kI vivakSA se 'kathaMcita' yA 'syAt' kA prayoga kara apanA vicAra rakhA jAtA hai| anekAntavAda sabhI prakAra kI viSamatAoM se ApAdamagna samAja ko eka nayI dizA-dAna detA hai| usakI kaTI pataMga ko kisI taraha samhAlakara usameM anuzAsana tathA suvyavasthA kI susthira, majabUta aura vaicArika cetanA se sanI Dora lagA detA hai, AsthA aura jJAna kI vyavasthA meM nayA prANa phUMka detA hai| taba saMgharSa ke svara badala jAte haiM, samanvaya kI manovRtti, samatA kI pratidhvani, satyAnveSaNa kI cetanA gatizIla ho jAtI hai, apane zAstrIya vyAmoha se mukta hone ke lie, apane vaiyaktika eka pakSIya vicAroM kI Ahuti dene ke lie aura niSpakSatA, nirvairatA-nirbhayatA kI cetanA ke stara para mAnavatA ko dhUla dhUsarita hone se bacAne ke lie| sadAcaraNa kI phalazruti hai sahayoga, sadbhAva, samanvaya aura smtaabhaav| ina bhAvoM para AdhArita hamArI jIvanazailI nizcita hI susaMskRta, saMgharSavihIna aura niSkaMTaka hogii| dUsare ke astitva ko svIkAranA aura nirahaMkArI, sarala, ahiMsaka aura nirAsakta jIvana yApana karanA AcaraNa kI paribhASA hai| paryuSaNaparva aise hI sadAcaraNa kI vakAlata karatA hai aura jIvana ko nayI rozanI se bhara detA hai| antagaDa sUtra kalpasUtra ke vAcana meM uttarakAla meM kucha zithilatA Ane lagI, paurohitya bar3ha gayA aura ADambara ne apanA sthAna majabUta kara liyaa| sAmAjika aura AdhyAtmika netAoM ne Atmasiddhi ke sAtha isa pravaJcanA ko dUra karane kI ora apanA dhyAna kendrita kiyaa| phalata: unakI dRSTi antakRtadazAMga para jmii| antakRddazAMga meM una sAdhakoM kI carcA kI gaI hai jinhoMne saMsAra-sAgara ko pAra karane ke lie athaka prayatna kiyA aura anta meM nirvANa prApta kiyaa| isa aMga meM ATha varga haiM aura jinameM 90 mahAn sAdhakoM kA tapomaya jIvana varNita huA hai| prathama varga se pAMcaveM varga taka meM tIrthaGkara neminAtha ke yugIna sAdhakoM kA varNana hai jaise gautama kumAra, gajasukumAla, jAli-mayAlI, dRr3hanemi, padmAvatI-satyabhAmA, rukmiNI, jAMbavantI Adi aura chaThe adhyayana se AThaveM adhyayana taka mahAvIrakAlIna 39 ugra tapasviyoM ke sAdhanAmaya jIvana ko citrita kiyA gayA hai| una tapasviyoM ke katipaya nAma haiM- gautama, samudra, sagara, gambhIra, stamita, acala, kaMpila, akSobha, prasenajita, viSNu, akSobha, sAgara, samudra, himavAn, acala, dharaNa, pUraNa, abhicandra, aNIsena, anantasena, 2010_03

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ajitasena, anahitaripu, devasena, zatrusena, gajasukumAra, sumukha, durmukha, kUpadAruka, dAruka, anAdhRSTikumAra, jAlikumAra, mayAli, uvayAli, puruSasena, vArisena, pradyumna, zAmba, aniruddha, satyanemi, dRSTanemi, padmAvatI, rukmiNI, satyabhAmA, jAmbavantI, arjunamAlI, sudarzana, kSemaka, dhRtidhara, atimuktaka, alakSa, nandA, nandavatI, bhadrA, kAlI, mahAkAlI aadi| ina sabhI sAdhaka - sAdhikAoM ke dhArmika jIvana ke udAharaNa hamAre jIvana ko pavitra aura maMgalamaya banA dete haiN| antagaDasUtra meM ina sabhI mahApuruSoM kI sAdhanA kA varNana milatA hai| gautamakumAra aura gajasukumAra kI jIvanasAdhanA ko hama udAharaNa ke rUpa meM ullikhita kara rahe haiN| 61 gautama kumAra kI dvArikA nagarI ke rAjA aMdhakavRSNi ke putra the| prAsAdamayI sukha bhogate hue eka dina ariSTanemi kA pravacana sunA ki 'mA paDibaMdha kareha' dharma kArya meM vilamba mata karo, par3e-par3e samaya vyartha mata kro| basa, cintana gaharAyA aura mAtA-pitA kI anumati lekara jinadIkSA grahaNa kii| kaThora sAdhanA kI aura bhikSupratimA tathA saMvatsara tapa karate hue mokSa prApta kiyaa| yaha samyak tapa kI mahimA thI ki gautama kumAra aSTakarmoM kA nAza kara akSaya pada prApta kiyaa| 2. gajasukumAra zrIkRSNa kI mAtA devakI kA priya putra thA / devakI ke putroM ko hariNaigameSI deva sulasA ke pAsa chor3a AtA thA aura sulasA ke mRta putroM ko devakI ke pAsa rakha detA thaa| sAta putroM kA yahI hAla rhaa| taba zrIkRSNa dvArA santAna pradAtA hariNaigameSI kI ArAdhanA karane para gajasukumAra ko putravat pAlane kA avasara devakI ko milaa| para vaha bhI samaya Ane para jinadIkSA kI ora mur3a gyaa| dehAsakti se dUra parama vItarAgI gajasukumAra zmazAna Adi jaise sthAnoM para dhyAnamagna hone lgaa| eka dina somila brAhmaNa ne badalA lene ke lie zmazAna meM dhyAnastha gajasukumAra ke zira para dahakate aMgAra rakha diye jisakI tIvra vedanA ko prazAnta bhAva se sahate hue munirAja ne nirvANa prApta kiyaa| anya sAdhakoM kI sAdhanAmayI jIvanacaryA ko samajhane ke lie pAThaka mUla grantha ko dekheN| sandarbha 1. AcArAMga, dvitIya zrutaskandha, pandrahavA~ adhyAya; kalpasUtra, 17 subodhikA TIkA / 2. 3. The Jain Stupa and other Antiquities of Mathura, p. 25. zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra, zramaNa, sitambara, 1972, pR0 6; aura bhI dekhie - cAra tIrthaGkara - paM0 sukhalAla jI, bhagavAn mahAvIra - -- dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, 2010_03

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62 yogazAstra, dvitIya zloka kI vRtti / 4. kalpasUtra, 109; mahAvIra cariyaM, pR0 132; triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 102, 151 / jayadhavalA, bhAga 1, pRSTha 78; tiloyapaNNatti, 5, 667; uttara purANa 74, 303-4 / 6. AcArAMga, 9, 2, 12 / 7. vahI, 9, 1, 9.20 / 8. ThANAMgasUtra, 9.3.296, vRtti pRSTha 561 / 1; kalpasUtra, prathama adhyAya, dhavalA meM mahAvIra kA kevalikAla 29 varSa 5 mAha aura 20 dina likhA hai| 5. 9. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 10, 3, 29-31 / 10. vahI, 10, 3, 33 / 11. nAprItimadgRhe vAsaH stheyaM pratimayA saha / nagehivinayaM kAryo maunaM pANo ca bhojanam / / ---- - kalpasUtra, subodhikA TIkA, pRSTha 288 12. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 10.3, 131-132 / 13. AvazyakacUrNi, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 275 / 14. vahI, pR0 278-79 / 15. vahI, pR0 283 / 16. bhagavatI, zataka 15, 1, 542 / 17. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 10, 3, 452 / 18. AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga 1, pR0 286 / 19. vahI, pR0 288 / 20. AcArAMga, 9, 3, 4-5 / 21. sUro saMgAmasIse vA saMbuDe tattha se mahAvIre / paDisevamANe pharusAI acale bhagavaM dIyitsA / / 22. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR0 3.20 - 1 | 23. kalpasUtra, 116; AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, 24. nAgo saMgAmasIse vA pArae tattha se mahAvIre / 25. jayadhavalA, bhAga 1, pR0 80, tiloyapaNNatti, 4.1701 / pR0 2010_03 - - AcArAMga, 9, 3, 13 / 322 / AcArAMga, 9-3-81

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63 kA grantha-Jainism in Buddhist Literature, nAgapura, 1972 / / 27. SaTakhaNDAgama, bhAga 9, pRSTha 129 / 28. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1540-60 / 29. vahI, 1610-14 / 30. vahI, 1650-1654 / 31. vahI, 1690-1768 / 32. vahI, 1770-1809 / 33. vahI, 1803-1860 / 34. vahI, 1867-1883 / 35. vahI, 1888-1890 / 36. vahI, 1908-1947 / / 37. uttarapurANa, 74, 373-374 / 38. kalpasUtra, 133-144; uttarapurANa 74, 373-379, tiloyapaNatti 4.1166-1176; harivaMzapurANa, 60,532-440, yahA~ kahIM-kahI zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA eka lAkha aura zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA tIna lAkha bhI batAyI gaI hai| 39. kalpasUtra, 126; uttrpuraann| 2010_03

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krodha kA abhAva hI kSamA hai svAnubhUti aura dharma sAdhAraNa taura para yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki vyakti jaise hI mRtyu kI cintA karatA hai, vaha dharmArAdhanA kI ora apanA kadama bar3hAne lagatA hai| mRtyu se bacane ke lie hamane sukhAbhAsoM meM jIkara aneka baphara banA liye haiM aura isa mithyA bhrama se grasta haiM ki dhana, sampatti aura parivAra hamArA hai| hameM unase koI alaga nahIM kara sakatA, para yaha sahI nahIM hai| ye sabhI para padArtha haiM aura inheM chor3akara eka dina hameM isa loka se jAnA hI hogaa| yaha cintana jitanA gaharA hogA, dharma kI ora hamAre kadama utane hI pukhtA hoNge| vyakti ke dhArmika hone meM eka aura bhI kAraNa hai - svaanubhuuti| sva-para kA bhedavijJAna svAnubhUti kA kAraNa hotA hai| sAdhaka kI indriyA~, mana aura citta yA buddhi kI sthiti ko parakhakara usakI anubhUti kI gaharAI ko samajhA jA sakatA hai aura anubhUti kI gaharAI meM hI dharma utaratA hai - mattazcayutvendriyadvAraiH patito vissyessvhm| tAn prapadyA'hamiti mAM purA veda na tttvtH|| samAdhitantra, 16. manuSya aneka citta vAlA hai -- "aneka cittavAn khalu ayaM purusso|" eka hI vyakti subaha dayAlu dikhAI detA hai, dopahara meM parigrahI bana jAtA hai aura zAma ko vaha hiMsaka bana jAtA hai| usakA yaha svabhAva giragiTa ke svabhAva se bhI dasa kadama Age pratIta hotA hai| isase vaha mUrchAvaza saMkleza pariNAmoM se grasta ho jAtA hai aura jAgaraNa ruka jAtA hai| svAnubhUti tattva isa jAgaraNa aura bhedavijJAna ko sthira kara detA hai aura vyakti ko sahI dhArmika banA detA hai| dharma kA uddezya hotA hai - vartamAna jIvana meM sudhAra laanaa| isa uddezya se dhArmika dharma ke marma ko samajhatA hai aura guru ke pAsa jAkara duHkha-mukti kA upAya pUchatA hai| guru kahatA hai - upAya vaha tabhI batAyegA jaba ziSya aise vyakti kA aMgarakhA le Aye jo sabase adhika sukhI ho| ziSya jAtA hai, khojatA hai, para use pUrNa sukhI 2010_03

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65 vyakti kahIM nahIM miltaa| taba guru kahatA hai- duHkha se mukta hone kA upAya yaha hai ki dUsare kI ora na jhAMkA jAye aura sva-para kA cintana kiyA jAye, yahI svAnubhUti kI pratIti hai| ___ yaha bAta sahI hai ki para padArtha ke sAtha vyavahAra sthApita kiye binA loka-vyavahAra nahIM cltaa| para loka-vyavahAra ahiMsA para AdhArita honA caahie| hama dUsare ke prati sahAnubhUti vyakta karate samaya usake svatantra astitva ko asvIkAra karane lagate haiN| hamArA cintana vastuniSTha bana jAtA hai, cetananiSTha nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki ImAnadAra garIba lar3ake kI upekSA kI jAtI hai aura kisI bhI galata yA sahI sAdhanoM ke mAdhyama se kamAne vAle lar3ake ko mahattva de diyA jAtA hai| jIvana meM ina vizRGkhalatAoM ke kAraNa parivAra aura samAja ke bIca manomAlinya bar3ha jAtA hai, krodha, IrSyA Adi vikAra bhAvoM se mana uttejita ho uThatA hai| ina bhAvoM kA mUla sthAna hai DakTalesa glenndds| krodhAdi Avega sIdhe rakta meM cale jAte haiM aura unase biTA taraMgeM prabhAvita hotI haiM jisase avasAda kA janma hotA hai, parantu alphA taraMgoM se vyakti Ananda se bhara jAtA hai aura ye alphA taraMgeM sadbhAvoM se panapatI haiN| AcArya sthUlabhadra 'kozA' nAmaka gaNikA ke ghara cAturmAsa kara bedAga vApisa lauTe inhIM alphA taraMgoM ke prabhAva se| rAkaphelara ne bhI mUrchA tyAgakara nayA jIvana paayaa| dharma sadbhAvoM ke mAdhyama se alphA taraMgoM ko paidAkara aisA hI nayA jIvana pradAna karatA hai| kSamA : artha aura pratipatti kSamAdharma aise hI vidhAyaka bhAvoM ke bIca panapatA hai| krodha kA kAraNa upasthita rahane para jo thor3A bhI krodha nahIM karatA usako yaha kSamA dharma hotA hai| pUjyapAda ne kSamA ke sthAna para 'kSAnti' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai aura use krodhAdi se nivRtti rUpa mAnA hai (s0si06.12)| siddhasenagaNi aura abhayadeva ne bhI kSAnti kI yahI vyAkhyA kI hai| ___AcArya kundakunda, umAsvAmI (umAsvAti), kArtikeya jaise AcAryoM ne 'kSamA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai aura use 'kSAnti' kA samAnArthaka mAnA hai| para siddhasenagaNi ne kSamA aura kSAnti meM kucha antara kiyA hai| unhoMne krodha nivRtti ko 'kSAnti' kahA hai aura sahana karane ko 'kSamA' kahA hai| AvazyakacUrNi meM kSamA, titikSA aura krodhanirodha ko samAnArthaka mAnA gayA hai| tadnusAra Akroza, tADana Adi ko sahana karanA, krodhodaya kA nigraha karanA aura udaya meM Aye hue krodha ko viphala karanA kSamA hai| kSamA ke ina saba lakSaNoM meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai| una sabameM kSamA kI vyAkhyA hI dekhI jA sakatI hai| 2010_03

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66 kSamA kI upamA pRthvI se dI jAtI hai| pRthvI ko Apa khodiye, rauMdiye, vaha upha taka nahIM krtii| itane para bhI vaha kucha na kucha detI hI rahatI hai| isalie use 'sarvarasA' bhI kahA jAtA hai| krodha : kAraNa aura pratiphala kSamA AtmA kA svabhAva hai| krodha usakA vibhAva hai| krodha avicArapUrvaka sva aura para ko duHkha dene vAlI eka pravRtti hai| mohanIya-karma ke udaya se yaha dveSarUpa krUratA bharA pariNAma utpanna hotA hai| cU~ki krodhAdi vibhAva AtmA kA vighAta karate haiM isalie unheM 'kaSAya' kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai| isa krodha ko agni ke samAna kahA gayA hai, jisameM saba kucha bhasma ho jAtA hai| pitta-pradhAna vyakti meM krodha kI mAtrA sarvAdhika dekhI gaI hai| krodha se hI vaira, AkramaNa, pratyAkramaNa hote haiN| isakA sthAyitva adhika hotA hai| AcAryoM ne sthAyitva kI dRSTi se krodha kI cAra zreNiyA~ mAnI haiM - patthara kI rekhA ke samAna, bhUmi para khIMcI rekhA ke samAna, bAlU para khIMcI rekhA ke samAna aura jala para khIMcI rekhA ke smaan| ye rekhAyeM jisa prakAra kramaza: kamajora hotI calI jAtI hai, usI prakAra krodha kI zreNiyA~ bhI sthAyitva kI dRSTi se kramaza: hIna hotI jAtI haiN| inakI pariNati kramazaH naraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura devagati meM hotI hai| isake anusAra nArakiyoM meM krodha sarvAdhika hotA hai| vyakti meM kSamA samyagdarzana ke pAlana karane se AtI hai aura vaibhAvika krodha kA janma mithyA darzana se hotA hai| mithyA-darzana ke kAraNa hI vyakti kartRtvabuddhi se para padArthoM meM rAga karatA hai, Asakti karatA hai phalata: unake saMrakSaNa karane meM krodha kI svabhAvata: utpatti ho jAtI hai| vahI krodha janma-janmAntaroM taka duHkha kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| uttama kSamAvAn hone kI sthiti taka pahu~canA bahuta bar3I kaThina sAdhanA kA kAma hai| citta kI vizuddha avasthA usake lie atyAvazyaka hai| paJcama guNasthAnavartI aNuvratI se lekara nauveM-dazaveM guNasthAnavartI mahAvratI ko uttama kSamA hotI hai| para nauveM graiveyaka taka pahu~cane vAle mithyAdRSTi dravyaliGgI ko uttama kSamA nahIM hotii| uttama kSamAvAn hone ke lie krodha para vijaya prApta karanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| isalie krodha kI utpatti ke kAraNa, usakA nidAna aura usake udAharaNoM kI ora dRSTipAta karanA jarUrI ho jAtA hai| krodha kI utpatti ahaGkAra aura tRSNA se hotI hai| ina donoM ke hone para dUsare kA apamAna kiyA jAtA hai aura dUsare kA apamAna karane ke lie vyakti ko pahale svayaM ___ 2010_03

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nIce giranA par3atA hai| use koI hoza hI nahIM rahatA ki vaha krodha kyoM karatA hai? krodha aura krodhI donoM alaga-alaga haiN| krodhI pahale svayaM ko duHkhI karatA hai aura bAda meM dUsare ko| asantoSa, asaphalatA, abhAva, pratikUlatA, kalpita vyavahAra Adi aura bhI aneka kAraNa haiM jinase krodha utpanna ho jAtA hai| krodha ke bhayaGkara rUpa ko samajhA jA sakatA hai una kathAoM ke mAdhyama se jahA~ kahA gayA hai ki somila brAhmaNa ne gaja sukumAla muni ke sira para aMgAra rakhA thA aura caNDakauzika sarpa ke jIva ne mahAvIra ko kATA thaa| krodha hamako kucha detA nahIM, balki hamase kucha chIna letA hai| jitane bhI vikAra bhAva haiN| ve hameM thakAne vAle hote haiN| unake Ane para hama thakAna kA anubhava karate - haiM, para karuNAdi bhAva se vyakti thakatA nahIM, balki prasannatA kA anubhava karatA hai| kahA jAtA hai-- krodha meM hoza honA caahie| para sAdhAraNata: krodha meM hoza calA jAtA hai| honA yaha cAhie ki jaba krodha carama sthiti para ho, taba ruka jAnA caahie| khalIphA alI yuddha ke maidAna para lar3a rahA thaa| zatru ko usane nIce girA diyA aura usa para jaise hI bhAlA calAne vAlA thA ki zatru ne usa para thUka diyaa| usane thUka ko poMchA aura kahA ki aba uTho, kala ldd'eNge| zatru ne kahA - kyoM ? alI kA uttara thA - muhammada kI AjJA hai - agara hiMsA bhI karo to krodha meM nahIM krnaa| tumane thUkakara mujhameM krodha kI agni bhabhakA dii| aisI sthiti meM maiM hiMsA nahIM kara sktaa| krodha TikAU na ho| aisA na ho ki pIr3hI-dara-pIr3hI calatA rhe| eka mukadamA zuru kare aura vaha cAra pIr3hI taka bhI samApta na ho| krodha ho bhI to usakI ketalI kA Dhakkana khulA rahe, banda na ho tAki ubAla na A ske| anantAnubandhI krodha duHkha ke mahAsAgara meM girane kA kAraNa banatA hai| krodha ko dUra karane ke upAya krodha behozI meM hI hotA hai| hoza rahate krodha ho hI nahIM sktaa| krodharUpI mahAzatru se mukta hone ke lie vidvAnoM dvArA kucha mArga isa prakAra sujhAye gaye haiM - (1) AtmaparIkSaNa, upavAsa, kAyotsarga, pratisaMlInatA aura trigupti paripAlana se vyakti sambhala jAtA hai, Atmacintana hone se krodha kI prakRti samajha meM A jAtI hai aura AtmaparIkSaNa ho jAtA hai| (2) dUsare kI bhUloM kA smaraNa mata kro| IsAmasIha ne kahA thA - par3osI se manamuTAva ho jAye aura usakA smaraNa ho jAye, to deva mandira se bhI vApisa Akara usase kSamA maaNgo| bRhatkalpasUtra meM zramaNa se kSamA yAcanA ke bAda hI AhAracaryA karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, jisase dUsaroM kI bhUloM kA vismaraNa 2010_03

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68 (4) kara krodha se mukta huA jA ske| (3) citta-nirodha - atIta aura bhaviSya se haTakara vartamAna meM rahanA aura mana ko ekAgra kara use prazAnta krnaa| z2ena fakIra ko kisI ne lAThI mAra dI to usane kahA - samasyA mArane vAle kI hai usakI nahIM hai| yaha kathana usI taraha se hai jisa taraha buddha ne kahA ki ve gAlI ko svIkAra nahIM kareMge, kyoMki gAlI se unakA koI sambandha nahIM hai| alekjeNDara ne kahA - krodha Ane para Tebula ke nIce hAtha bAMdhakara unheM pAMca bAra kholo| isI taraha gurjiyepha ke pitA ne apane putra se kahA ki jaba krodha Aye to use rokakara caubIsa ghaNTe bAda karane kA mana bnaao| sambhava hai, isa bIca krodha svataH zAnta ho jaaye| darpaNa meM krodha kI mudrAyeM dekhakara una para vicAra kro| ronA bhI krodha na Ane dene kA eka upAya hai| kahA jAtA hai mahilAoM ko dila kA daur3A kama AtA hai; kyoMki ve rokara apanA krodha aura duHkha abhivyakta kara detI haiN| (6) krodha ko kala para TAla do| abrAhama liMkana ne kahA hai ki krodha bhare patra kA uttara sAta dina bAda denA caahie| taba taka krodha zAnta ho sakatA hai aura patra kI bhASA bhI narama ho sakatI hai| (7) samatA bhAva dhAraNa kara nindA aura prazaMsA meM taTastha rahanA caahie| buddha ne ThIka hI kahA hai - jAgakara krodha karo, jAga kara dekho ki krodha uThatA kaise hai? (8) krodha Ate hI muMha meM mizrI kA pAnI bhara lo| (9) krodha Ane para kAgaja para bAra-bAra likho - krodha A rahA hai| dIrgha zvAsa lene se bhI krodha kI mAtrA kama ho jAtI hai| (10) saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA para vicAra karanA aadi| kSamA ke udAharaNa ___ katipaya aise sAdhana bhI haiM, jinase krodha kI mAtrA kama kI jA sakatI hai aura unake Ane para unase mukta bhI huA jA sakatA hai| krodha se mukta hone para kSamA bhAva kA A jAnA svAbhAvika hai| kSamA rAga-dveSa se mukta avasthA kA nAma hai isI ko 'sthitaprajJa' bhI kahate haiN| aise hI sthitaprajJa mahApuruSa uttama kSamAvAn hote haiN| aise uttama kSamAvAnoM ke kucha udAharaNa isa prakAra prastuta kiye jA sakate haiN| (1) samartha vyakti hI kSamAdAna kara sakatA hai| lakSmaNa ne sugrIva se kaThora vacana kahane para kSamA maaNgii| udAyana ne caNDapradyota se kSamA mAMgI, jabaki udAyana vijetA 2010_03

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69 thA aura caNDapradyota parAjita smraatt| isIlie 'kSamAvIrasya bhUSaNam' kahA gayA hai| (2) puruSottama rAma ne bahurUpiNI vidyA siddha karane para bhI rAvaNa ko nahIM mArA, yaha rAma kI uttama kSamA thii| (3) pRthvIrAja ne muhammada gorI ko usake AkramaNa karane para satraha bAra harAyA aura kSamA kiyaa| (4) droNAcArya kA pATha yudhiSThira ne apane mana meM vyAvahArika rUpa se sahI DhaMga se utaaraa| (8) (5) paM0 gopAladAsa varaiyA para unakI patnI kA barasatA huA krodha prasiddha hai| (6) mahAkavi banArasIdAsa ne rAste meM pezAba kii| isa para paharedAra ne unheM daNDita kiyaa| rAjA ke sAmane paharedAra ke pahuMcane para banArasIdAsa ne use puraskAra dilAyA aura usake kartavya kI bharapUra prazaMsA kii| (7) rAjA udAyana ne avantIpati caNDapradyota ko kSamAkara sasammAna usakA rAjya vApasa kiyaa| kevalI nAgadatta ne krodha ke kAraNa hI apane zramaNa paryAya kI virAdhanA kara nAgayoni meM janma liyA aura krodha ke zAnta hone para manuSya bhava prApta kara, kSamA kI ArAdhanA se mukti prApta kii| ye sabhI udAharaNa yaha vyakta karate haiM ki krodha-nigraha se kSamA yA kSAnti kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| tatvArtharAjavArtika, uttarAdhyayana Adi granthoM meM kSAnti kI yahI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| uttama kSamA kA yahI rUpa hai jisakI hama isa mahAparva meM ArAdhanA karate haiN| krodhAdi vikAra bhAva asat haiM, jhUThe haiM, kSamA Adi bhAva sat haiM, satya haiN| unako bhalIbhA~ti hameM dhAraNa karanA caahie| kSamA bhAva ke vistAra se sAdhaka karuNAzIla ho jAtA hai| usakA mana krodhI ke prati dayAdra ho jAtA hai| socatA hai krodhI ke aviveka para, pramAda pr| usakI gAliyoM para vaha koI dhyAna nahIM detA, pratikriyA nahIM karatA balki haMsa detA hai| sAdhaka dvArA koI pratikriyA na karanA krodhI sahana nahIM kara pAtA; kyoMki krodhI paratantra hai, usakA krodha nimitta para, para para AdhArita hai, parantu uttama kSamAzIla sAdhaka svatantra hai, usakA para samApta ho gayA hai| usake sAtha prasannatA hai, Ananda hai jisake lie dUsare kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI, karuNA hai jo sadaiva jyoti ke samAna nirapekSa hokara bahatI rahatI hai| kaSAya se bhI vaha mukta ho gayA hai| ___ 2010_03

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70 sandarbha kohuppattissa puNo bahiraMgaM jadi havedi skkhaade| Na kuNAdi kiMcivi kohaM tassa khamA hodi dhammo ti|| - bA0anu0 71. bhA0 pA0 107; kA0 anu0 394; cA0 sA0, pR0 59. zarIrasthitihetumArgaNArthaM parakulAnyupagacchato bhikSorduSTajanAkrozaprahasanAvajJAtADanazarIravyApAdanAdInAM saMnidhAne kAluSyAnutpatti kSamA / sa0si0 9.6, pR0 452; rA0vA0 9.6.2, pR0 595; cA0 sA0, pR0 59. mittI me savvabhUyesu veraM majjhaM na keNai nAzAmbaratve na sitAmbaratve na tarkavAde na ca tttvvaade| svapakSasevAzrayaNe na muktiH kaSAyamuktiH kila muktirev|| kSamA krodhanigrahaH - A0hari0vR0 4, pR0 660. kSamAguNAMzcAnAyAsAdInanusmRtya kSamitavyameveti kSamAdharma: - ta0bhA0 9.6. pR0 191. krodhotpattinimittaviSahyAkrozAdisaMbhave kAluSyoparamaH kSamA- tattvArthavArtika, 9.6.2. tattha khamA AkuTThassa vA tAliyassa vA ahiyAsetassa kammakkhao bhavai, aNahiyAsiMtassa kammabaMdho bhavai, tamhA kohassa niggaho kAyavvo, udayapattassa va viphalIkaraNaM, esa khamanti vA titikkhatti vA kohaniggarhatti vA egaTThAdazavaikAlikacUrNi, pR0 18. krodhasyAnutpAda utpannasya vA viphalIkaraNaM- yogazAstra svo0 viva0 3.16. 2010_03

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jIvana kI saralatA hI mRdutA hai uttama kSamAdharma yadi jIvana meM A jAye to uttama mArdava-dharma svataH A jAtA hai / krodha kI utpatti ahaGkAra para coTa lagane se hotI hai| ahaGkAra yadi samApta ho jAye to mRdutA, saralatA aura vinaya apane Apa A jAtI haiN| isalie mArdava kA pratipakSI mAna hai aura usake vigalita ho jAne para vinaya guNa kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| mUlyAGkana kA paimAnA hara eka kA alaga-alaga hotA hai| yaha paimAnA usake saMskAroM aura bhAvoM para nirbhara karatA hai| unase hI usakI pasandagI kA patA cala jAtA hai| dharma kI ora kadama bar3hAne ke lie aura usa para sthira rahane ke lie bhI vaise hI saMskAroM kI apekSA hotI hai / sAdhanA meM racA- pacA vyakti aise saMskAra dene meM sakSama hotA hai / vaha sAdhanA naye AyAma kholatI hai aura rUpAntaraNa kI prakriyA ko janma detI hai| vaha ahaM se arhaM banA detI hai aura antara se sphuTita hokara jIvana kA kAyAkalpa kara detI hai| vijAtIya tattva ke alaga hone para hI prastara pratimA kA rUpa letA hai| jJeya, heya aura upAdeya ko jAna lene para hI 'ko'haM' kA uttara mila pAtA hai| tabhI mAna lepa kI bhAMti jharane lagatA hai / saMkalpa aura jAgaraNa kisI bhI kAma ko pUrA karane meM cAra caraNoM ko pAra karanA par3atA hai| * icchA, AkAMkSA, saMkalpa aura bhAvanA / bharata ne bAhubalI se yuddha karane kA nizcaya isI krama se kiyA aura anta meM icchA ko vijayI bnaayaa| mAna jaise rAkSasa se mukta hone ke lie bhI isI krama ko apanAnA par3egA aura isa mahApatha para calate-calate bhayAnaka mAnasika saMgharSoM se bhI lohA lenA par3egA / andhakAra se bhare jIvana meM jAgaraNa eka amUlya auSadhi ke rUpa meM AtA hai aura mAna kA duSpariNAma eka nayA anubhava de jAtA hai, jisase AsthA kA nirmANa hotA hai| saMkalpa kA jAgaraNa bhI tabhI ho pAtA hai / vaidyarAjoM dvArA aneka prayatna karane ke bAvajUda siradarda dUra na hone para, krodhita hokara rAjA bhoja ne Ayurveda ke granthoM kI Ahuti de dii| lekina jIvaka ne usake sira meM se machalI nikAlakara jaba darda dUra kara diyA to usake mana meM Ayurveda ke prati punaH AsthA jAga gii| ataH kisI kArya kI 2010_03

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72 pratipatti hone ke lie AsthA kA nirmANa atyAvazyaka ho jAtA hai| mRdutA lAne ke lie sAdhaka meM isI AsthA, puruSArtha aura AtmanirIkSaNa kI jarUrata hotI hai| mArdava kA artha mArdava-dharma kA virodhI bhAva mAna hai| AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra kula, rUpa, jAti, buddhi, tapa, zruta aura zIla meM se kisI para bhI abhimAna nahIM karanA mArdava dharma hai --- kula-rUva-jAdi-buddhiska, tava-suda-sIlesu gAravaM kiNci| jo Na vi kukkhadi samaNo mahavadhammo have tss|| (bA0a072) AcArya samantabhadra ne ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra (1.25) meM jJAna, pUjA, kula, jAti, bala, Rddhi, tapa aura vapu ina ATha madoM se virahita ko mArdava mAnA hai| umAsvAmI ne kula, rUpa, jAti aura zruta ke bAda aizvarya, vijJAna, lAbha aura vIrya ko ginAkara dUsaroM kI nindA aura apanI prazaMsA ko nigraha karane ko mArdava dharma mAnA hai| cAritrasAra (pR0 28) meM bhI lagabhaga yahI bAta kahI gayI hai| akalaMka ne isameM yaha aura jor3a diyA ki dUsare ke dvArA paribhava ke nimitta upasthita kiye jAne para bhI abhimAna kA abhAva honA mArdava-dharma hai (ta0vA0, 9.6) / AvazyakacUrNi, dazavaikAlikacUrNi (pR0 18), kArtikeyAnuprekSA (395) Adi granthoM meM bhI mArdava dharma kA varNana lagabhaga isI prakAra milatA hai| sthAnAGga meM Aye lAghava dharma (10.16) ko kisI sImA taka mArdava meM sammilita kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi lAghava kA artha upakaraNa kI alpatA hai para vahA~ Rddhi, rasa aura sAta (sukha) ina tIna gauravoM kA jo tyAga batAyA gayA hai (pravacanasAroddhAra, vRtti patra 135) vaha tyAga mArdava kI sImA meM A jAtA hai| gaurava kA artha yahA~ abhimAna hai| AtmA kA svabhAva mArdava-dharma AtmA kA svabhAva hai aura usakA virodhI bhAva mAna usakA vibhAva hai| mAna-sammAna kI AkAMkSA ke pIche ahaGkAra kA bhAva rahatA hai| vaha na milane para ahaGkArI duHkha aura apamAna kA anubhava karatA hai aura dUsare kA apamAna kara usakA badalA letA hai| usake ahaGkAra kI tRpti samAja meM pahuMcakara hotI hai| vaha samAja naitika hogA yA dhArmika hogA; para usakI naitikatA aura dhArmikatA ke pIche ahaGkArI kA ahaGkAra tRpta hue binA nahIM rhegaa| samAja dhArmika kama hotA hai, naitika adhika hotA hai| nIti kA labAdA or3he vaha kartavya kI bAta karatA hai| vyakti mAtA-pitA kI sevA to nahIM karanA cAhatA para 2010_03

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73 samAja aMguli na uThAye isalie kartavya mAnakara vaha sevA karatA hai| aisI sevAvRtti meM use Ananda nahIM AtA; kyoMki vaha sevA bhItara se nahIM hotI, use vaha dharma nahIM maantaa| ata: dharma aura nIti donoM alaga-alaga tattva haiN| viveka ina sabhI ke Upara hai| sArI bImAriyAM aura burAiyAM vivekahInatA meM hotI haiN| viveka usa behozI ko aura ahaGkAra ko dUra kara detA hai| yahI viveka samyagjJAna kahalAtA hai| samyagjJAna meM zuSka buddhi kAma nahIM karatI, jAgaraNa kAma karatA hai jise AtmA kA svabhAva kahA jA sakatA hai| ahaGkAra : prakRti aura pariNAma ahaGkAra zakti kI khoja meM rahatA hai, dharma kI khoja meM nhiiN| zakti kI khoja meM satat ghUmane vAle nepoliyana, hiTalara jaise loga bhI anta meM hAtha kholakara cala bse| unakI yAtrA zakti kI yAtrA thI, para dharma kI yAtrA antara kI yAtrA hai| zakti kI yAtrA meM ahaGkAra phUlatA-phalatA rahatA hai, vahA~ na satya kI khoja ho pAtI hai aura na tapasyA hI pUrI ho pAtI hai| vaha to dUsare meM doSa dekhatA hai aura svayaM ko nirdoSa siddha karane kA prayatna karatA hai, nindA meM rasa letA hai aura prazaMsA meM pIr3A kA anubhava karatA hai| parvata para khar3e vyakti ko nIce khar3A vyakti choTA hI dikhatA hai| ahaGkAra jaisA bhrama aura ajJAna dUsarA nahIM hotaa| bIja ke cAroM tarapha ahaGkAra kI khola lagI hai jisase bIja panapa nahIM paataa| svAbhimAna kI sImA meM ahaGkAra ThIka kahA jA sakatA hai para usase Age bar3hakara abhimAna ko prazasta nahIM kahA jA sktaa| mRtyu ke pUrva vaha nizcita rUpa se TUTanA caahie| . mAtra jijJAsu rahanA ahaGkAritA ko bar3hAvA denA hai| usameM jaba taka mumukSuvRtti jAgrata nahIM hogI rUpAntarita hone kI sthiti meM vaha nahIM A sktaa| sAdhaka ke lie jijJAsu ke sAtha-sAtha mumukSu bhI honA caahie| jijJAsA eka darzana hai, mumukSA eka dharma hai| jijJAsA se ahaGkAra majabUta hotA hai aura mumukSA se vaha ahaGkAra pighalatA hai| mumukSu Atma-jJAna se padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, darzana se zraddhAn karatA hai aura AcaraNa se karmoM ke AvaraNa ko dUra karatA hai| ahaGkArI lokeSaNA ke pIche daur3atA rahatA hai, mAna kA poSaNa karatA hai aura dUsare ko kATane meM Ananda letA hai| zeSanAga meM mAna nahIM hotA para bicchU svalpa jahara hone para bhI ahaMkAravaza DaMka Upara uThAye ghUmatA rahatA hai| vaha ghanaghora hiMsaka bhI hotA hai| usameM pratikriyA aura pratizodha kI Aga sulagatI rahatI hai| usakI mAnasikatA kaThoratA meM jItI rahatI hai| usakI yaha kaThoratA kabhI zaila ke samAna rahatI hai, kabhI asthi jaisI rahatI hai, kabhI kASTha ke samAna hotI hai to kabhI latA jaisI bhI dikhatI hai| yaha usakI kaThoratA kA krama hai| isa kaThoratA ko ahaGkArI jIvita rakhanA cAhatA 2010_03

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74 hai| krodhI krodha nimittaka padArtha ko naSTa karanA cAhatA hai, para mAnI use sambhAla kara rakhanA cAhatA hai| ahaGkAra se mukta hone ke upAya ___ isa AtmaghAtI ahaGkAra ko samApta karane ke lie dharma hI eka saccA zaraNa hai| kSAnti, mRdutA, RjutA aura AtmAlocana usake dvAra haiN| dehAdi meM ekatva bRddhi chor3akara, tor3akara samatA bharA AcaraNa usakA eka suniyojita mahApatha hai, jisa para calakara vyakti ahaGkAra se mukta ho sakatA hai| jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa aura upacAra (paJca parameSThI vaMdana) rUpa vinaya kA AcaraNa use rUpAntarita kara sakatA hai| ____ ahaGkAra se grasta vyakti kisI ko guru mAnane ke lie taiyAra nahIM hotA, jisase na vaha kacha vizeSa sIkha pAtA hai aura na usameM vinaya hI jAgrata ho pAtA hai| ziSya bhAva ke binA sIkhanA sambhava nahIM hotaa| gurajiyepha ne apane ziSya AspaskI ko eka korA kAgaja likhane ke lie diyA parIkSA karane kI dRSTi se, para usane use korA hI vApisa kara diyaa| ahaGkAra kA visarjana aura jJAnArjana kI AkAMkSA kAgaja ko vApisa karane ke pIche eka dRSTi thii| mArdava-dharma kA paripAlana karane ke lie kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta karanA jarurI ho jAtA hai| zAntinAtha nAma ho aura vaha vyakti ghanaghora azAnta aura krodhI prakRti kA ho to nAma ke sAtha sAmaJjasya kaise ho sakatA haiM? ata: kaSAyoM ke pariNAma para cintana karate hue mRdutA lAnI caahie| binA bhedabhAva ke Adara denA vinaya kahalAtA hai| jIsasa ne judAsa ko sammAna diyA, jabaki vaha zatruoM se milA huA thaa| mahAvIra ne gozAlaka ko sammAna diyA, jabaki gozAlaka mahAvIra kA ghora virodhI thaa| virodhiyoM ke sAtha bhI mitravat vyavahAra karanA Arjava-dharma hai| mAna ubalatA dUdha jaisA hai jise ThaNDA hone para hI piyA jA sakatA hai| use yA to cUlhe se utAra kara nIce rakha dIjie yA IMdhana ko bujhA diijie| isI taraha mAna ke kAraNoM ko dUra kara Atmacintana kiyA jAnA caahie| mAna ko jItane kA eka yaha bhI upAya hai ki sAdhaka mAdhyastha vRtti dhAraNa kara . viparIta paristhitiyoM meM mauna ho jaaye| dvIpAyana RSi eka acche sAdhaka the| ve jahAM tapasyA kara rahe the, vahA~ yAdava loga zarAba pIkara mastI kara rahe the| unhoMne dvIpAyana ko bhalA-burA khaa| sAdhaka ke kAna meM ye zabda pahu~ce, jise ve sahana nahIM kara pAye aura apanI ugra tapasyA ke bala para dvIpAyana ne dvArikA jalA kara rAkha kara dii| yadi unhoMne apazabdoM kI upekSA kI hotI to itanA bar3A hAdasA nahIM hotaa| 2010_03

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mRdutA ke udAharaNa mArdava-dharma ke sandarbha meM aneka udAharaNa aura bhI diye jA sakate haiM, jinameM katipaya uddhRta kara rahA hU~ tAki usakI prakRti ko samajhA jA sake aura ahaGkAra ke duSpariNAmoM se bacA jA ske| (1) sudarzana ne arjunamAlI ko vinamratA se jiitaa| (2) varNIjI ne AtmakathA meM eka ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA hai ki kisI seTha ne svayaM mandira banavAyA para usakA kalaza samAja se car3havAyA tAki mandira banavAne kA abhimAna use yA usake parivAra ko na A jaaye| 75 ------ (3) ahaGkAra eka pratikriyA se bharA jIvana hotA hai| asamartha vyakti ghara banAtA hai| aura samartha balazAlI vyakti usa ghara ko tor3a detA hai asamartho gRhArambhe samartho gRhabhaMjane / bandara baTera kA ghoMsalA ukhAr3akara yahI karatA hai / (4) bharata - bAhubalI kA yuddha mAna kaSAya kA jItA jAgatA udAharaNa hai| kahA jAtA hai ki bharata paTTazilA para likhe hue kisI nAma ko miTAkara hI apanA nAma likha sake / ahaGkArI yahI karatA hai / vaha dUsare ke astitva ko maTiyAmeTa kara apane astitva para muhara lagAnA cAhatA hai / (5) ahaGkArI jaba zaktihIna ho jAtA hai to use koI nahIM pUchatA / nepoliyana jaise samrAT ko Akhira ghasiyArana ke lie rAstA denA hI pdd'aa| (6) jJAnI aura bauddhika meM antara hai| prAcIna kAla meM jJAnI ko paNDita bhI kahA jAtA thA, jo svAnubhUti aura samyak AcaraNa meM palA thA / para Aja bauddhika vyakti hI paNDita kahA jAtA hai| vaha itanI antardRSTi sampanna hotA hai ki vinamratApUrvaka apane ajJAna ko svIkAra letA hai, dhyAnI hotA hai, jAgarUka hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra paramajJAnI the / unhoMne indrabhUti ke ahaM ko bar3e hI sahaja DhaMga se nirasta kiyA aura use apanA ananya ziSya banA liyaa| vidvAn jJAnI ko parAsta nahIM kara sakatA, balki usase sIkha sakatA hai| upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI dvArA Anandaghana ko praNAma karanA yahI abhivyakta karatA hai / (7) devI ne sukarAta ko sabase bar3A jJAnI mAnA para sukarAta ne ise svIkAra nahIM kiyA, balki yaha kahA ki use mAlUma hai vaha kitanA ajJAnI hai / jJAnI ko ajJAnatA kA AbhAsa ho jAnA cAhie / yahI usakI nirahaGkAravRtti aura mArdavatA hai| (8) bolane meM itanA mAdhurya ho ki zrotA ko kaTutA kA AbhAsa na ho| 'akSNA kANaH' kahakara vyaMga bANa nahIM calAnA caahie| "zuSko vRkSaH tiSThatyagre ' udAharaNa ke sandarbha meM loga jAnate hI haiN| 2010_03

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76 isa prakAra mArdava, dharma AtmA kI vaha saralatA aura mRdutA hai, jisameM kisI bhI prakAra kA ahaGkAra na ho| AtmasAdhanA hI usakA jIvana ho aura AlocanA aura prAyazcitta se usakA mana-mArjana ho rahA ho| sAmyabhAva, paramArtha kA puruSArtha, moha-rAga-dveSa se vimukti Adi guNa vinamratA ko janma dete haiM, yahI mArdava hai| sandarbha kularUvajAdibuddhisu tavasudasIlesu gAravaM kiNci| jo Navi kavvadi samaNo maddavadhamma have tss|| bA0aNu0 72; sa0si0 9.6, pR0 412; rA0vA0 9-6.3, pR0 595; cA0 sA0, pR0 61. uttamaNANapahANo uttamatavayaraNakaraNasIlo vi| appANaM jo hIladi maddavarayaNaM bhave tss|| - kA0 anu0, 395; bha0A0, 1427-1430. jAtyAdimadAvezAdabhimAnAbhAvo maardvm| sa0si0, 9.6. mArdavaM mAnodayanirodhaH / aupa0abhaya0vR0 16, pR0 33. maddavaM nAma jAikulAdIhINassa aparibhayasIlattaNaM ............. mANassa udinnassa niroho udayapattassa viphalIkaraNaM / dazavai0 cU0, pR0 18. nIcairvRttyanutseko maardvlkssnnm| mRdubhAvo mudukarma vA mArdavam, mAnanigraho maanvighaatshcetyrthH| tatra mAnasyemAnyaSTau sthAnAni bhvnti| tadyathA- jAti: kulaM rUpaM, aizvarya, vijJAnaM zrutaM lAbha: vIryam iti- tattvArthabhASya, 9.6. mRduH astabdhastasya bhAvaH karma vA mArdavam, nIcairvRtyanutsekazca - yogazAstra svo0 viva0 4.93, dharmasaM0mAna0 3.45. 2010_03

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6 jIvana kI niSkapaTatA hI RjutA hai artha aura svarUpa uttama Arjava kA tAtparya hai AtmA ke jJAyaka svarUpa meM kapaTa kA bhAva utpanna na hone denaa| usameM pUrI saralatA, RjutA A jaanaa| mRdutA A jAne ke bAda yaha RjutA AtI hai| AcArya kundakunda ne dvAdazAnuprekSA meM kuTila bhAva ko chor3akara nirmala hRdaya se AcaraNa karane ko Arjava kahA hai| umAsvAmI, pUjyapAda, akalaMka, abhayadevasUri, siddhasenasUri Adi AcAryoM ne isI paribhASA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| ina sabhI paribhASAoM ke samagra cintana se yaha tathya nikalatA hai ki mana, vacana, kAya meM kisI bhI prakAra kI vakratA na honA aura AcaraNa zuddha honA hI RjutA hai| isI ko tattvArthavArtika meM "yogasyAvakratA Arjavam" kahA hai| Arjava kA sambandha vizuddha dharma se hai| dharma pratisrota kA mArga hai, ekAnta sAdhanA kA mArga hai| bhIr3a meM usakA pAlana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| AtmanirIkSaNa ke sAtha hI mana meM RjutA A jAtI hai| "soi ujjuyabhUyassa" arthAt zuddhi usI kI hotI hai, jo Rju-sarala hotA hai| zuddha dharma kA pAlana vyakti ko itanA sarala banA detA hai, jitanA choTA baccA hotA hai| isa saralatA ke mAnadaNDa apane-apane ho sakate haiM para use sabhI cintaka vakratA ke abhAva meM dekhate haiN| mAyA aura pratikriyA padArtha ke prati Asakti hI kapaTa kI jananI hai| isalie usa Asakti ko kama karane ke lie AcAryoM ne dharmopadeza diyA hai| saMsArI vyakti ko Asakti se hI bhaya utpanna hotA hai| eka Asakti se dUsarI Asakti uTha khar3I hotI hai aura koI bhI Asakti santuSTa nahIM ho paatii| rAjasthAnI kahAvata hai - cora ne tUMbe curaaye| nAle meM unako DubonA cAhA para vaha eka DubotA to dUsarA Upara A jAtA, yahI sthiti Asakti kI hotI hai| Asakti ke santuSTa na hone para vyakti mAyAvI ho jAtA hai aura usakI kathanI-karanI meM antara A jAtA hai| ___ kapaTa bhAva se mAnasika tanAva bar3hatA hai aura pratikriyA janma letI hai| pratikriyA se hI jhUTha, corI, hiMsA, kapaTa Adi durguNa A jAte haiM aura saMgharSa zurU ho jAtA 2010_03

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78 hai| saMvedana jitanA tIvra hogA pratikriyA utanI hI gaharI hogii| yaha gaharAI taba taka kama nahIM hogI jaba taka bhItarI jAgaraNa nahIM hogaa| bhItarI jAgaraNa se hI saMnyAsI ko svarNa se vitRSNA hotI hai aura vaha jhopar3I meM rahatA hai, jabaki rAjA yA gRhastha usase rAga karatA hai aura prAsAda meM rahatA hai| hamArI cetanA cAra staroM se gujaratI hai - indriya, mana, buddhi aura anubhv| anubhava kI saghanatA RjutA ko paidA karatI hai, jisase vyakti apanI bhUla svIkAra karane ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai| isake lie usakI tIkSNa prajJA, painI antardRSTi aura sabala manobala adhika kAma karatA hai| kapaTa bhAva kI burAiyoM ko samajhakara vyakti mAyAvI svabhAva se mukta hone kA mana kara letA hai bhale hI vaha vaMzAnugata kyoM na ho| ___mAyAvI svabhAvavAlA tiryaJcoM meM paidA hotA hai aura vaha svabhAva vaMzAnugata hotA hai| vahAM vivekahInatA rahatI hai| mAnava meM vaha vaMzAnugata nahIM hotaa| usameM to viveka-zakti kA upayoga na kara pAne ke kAraNa vaha chala-kapaTa kiyA karatA hai| isa chala-kapaTa yA vakratA ko adhikatA ke krama se cAra zreNiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai -- bAMsa kI jar3a, meDhe ke sIMga, gomUtra aura khurpii| isI taraha RjutA ko caubhaMgI dvArA samajhAyA jA sakatA hai - sarala, saralavakra, vakrasarala aura vkrvkr| prakRti aura prabhAva svaccha jala meM jisa taraha kaMkar3a DAlane yA pheMkane se jo caJcalatA nirmita hotI hai, usameM apanI pratikRti nahIM dekhI jA sakatI, usI taraha mAyAvI svabhAva vAlA vyakti svayaM ko nahIM dekha paataa| usameM mAyAcArI, dhokhAdhar3I, AzaMkA, bhaya, avizvAsa, paizUnya, jhUTha bolanA Adi kI asat pravRttiyA~ svayameva A jAtI haiN| usakI ye pravRttiyA~ anAra ke dAne kI taraha andara bharI rahatI haiN| kisI saMskRta kavi ne bar3A acchA kahA hai - "sandhatte saralA sUcI, vakrA dedAya krtrii"| isakA tAtparya hai ki saI sarala aura sIdhI hotI hai| isalie vaha Tukar3oM ko jor3atI hai, eka karatI hai, parantu kaiMcI vakra arthAt Ter3hI hotI hai, isalie vaha kATane kA kAma, alaga karane kA kAma karatI hai| isI taraha sarala svabhAvI do manoM ko jor3atA hai, paraspara prema bhAva sthApita karatA hai, para kuTila svabhAvI vyakti do manoM ko alaga-alaga kara detA hai| kapaTI manuSya kA mana nirmala nahIM hotaa| usake andara prakAzapuJja ho hI nahIM sktaa| hamAre svabhAva meM saralatA hone se hameM kAya kI RjutA, vANI kI RjutA, tathA kathanI aura karanI meM samAnatA prApta hotI hai| mAyAcArI kuTila svabhAvI ko kabhI mAnasika zAnti nahIM mila sktii| use saMsAra meM kucha bhI spaSTa nahIM ho pAyegA, kyoMki 2010_03

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79 avizvAsa ke kAraNa chala-kapaTa se usakI AtmA bhaTakatI rahatI hai aura bhaTakatI rhegii| usakA svabhAva kutte kI pUMcha jaisA vakra rahatA hai, jo bAraha varSa ke bAda aMgUThI se Ter3hI hI niklegii| vaha apanA svabhAva chor3a hI nahIM pAtA aura usI svabhAva se patita ho jAtA hai| hamAre nirmala aura vakra bhAvoM kA betAra ke tAra jaisA sambandha hotA hai / use sAmane khar3A vyakti samajha letA hai| candana kI lakar3I kA vyApArI apane mitra rAjA kI mRtyu kI pratIkSA karatA rahA, tAki usakI candana kI lakar3I bika ske| rAjA ko usakI bhAvanAoM para sandeha ho gyaa| phalataH vaha pakar3A gyaa| usI taraha vaha udAharaNa bhI pracalita hI hai jisameM eka pathika kisI vRddhA kI poTalI pahale to apane sira para nahIM letA hai para bAda meM vaha lene kI AkAMkSA vyakta karatA hai isalie ki usameM rakhe hue mAla-dhana ko vaha har3apanA cAhatA thA / vRddhA ne usake bhAvoM ko parakha liyA aura use poTalI dene se manA kara diyaa| ajJAnI vyakti ko Ter3he calane meM bar3A Ananda AtA hai| bacce Ter3he calane meM prasannatA kA anubhava karate haiN| mAyAvI vyakti bhI aisA hI Ter3hA calatA hai aura khuza hotA hai| para use Ter3he calane meM zakti bhI kAphI lagAnI par3atI hai / hamArI kAra jitanI Ter3hI mor3a para calegI utanA hI peTrola usameM adhika lgegaa| mAyAvI kA svabhAva bagulA jaisA hotA hai| dekhane meM to vaha sapheda aura zuddhAcaraNa vAlA dikhAI detA hai, para vyavahAra meM vaha bar3A kapaTI aura hiMsaka rahatA hai / dUja kA candramA bhI isI taraha vakracandra kahA jAtA hai| jaise-jaise usa candramA kI vakratA kama hotI jAtI hai vaha pUrNatA ko prApta ho jAtA hai aura pUrNa candramA kahalAne lagatA hai| mAyA, kapaTI zalyoM ke saMsAra meM jItA hai| vaha zalya tIna prakAra kI hotI hai. mithyA aura nidaan| vakratA ina tInoM kI AdhArabhUmi hai| kRSNa, nIla aura kApota lezyA se bharA usakA sArA jIvana rahatA hai, jisameM dUsare ko hAni pahuMcAnA hI mukhya dhyeya hotA hai| kapaTI kA mana bhI zekhacillI jaisA kalpanAoM meM daur3atA rahatA hai| sira para dUdha kI maTakI rakhe gvAlA kalpanA jagat meM ghUmatA huA maTakI se hAtha dho baiThatA hai| isI taraha mAyAvI vyakti kalpanAoM ke mAdhyama se saMsAra kI bhoga vAsanAoM ko Amantrita karatA hai aura phira duHkhoM ke sAgara meM kUda par3atA hai / Aja rAjanIti Ahata ho rahI hai| vahA~ jabardasta kuTilatA aura bhraSTAcAra panapa rahe haiN| rAjanIti Aja eka zuddha vyavasAya ho gayA hai| samAja usase prabhAvita hue binA nahIM raha sakatA / ataH AdhyAtmika vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa kiyA jAnA caahie| 2010_03

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80 Arjava-dharma kI sAdhanA sAdhaka ko dharma ke yathArtha rUpa taka pahuMcA detI hai| banArasIdAsa aura ekanAtha ne kahA jAtA hai, coroM ke Ane para apanA dhana svayaM de diyaa| unakI vaha sAdhanA Arjava - dharma kI sAdhanA thI, jahA~ anAsakta aura nissaMga bhAva panapa cukA thaa| yahI jIvana kI niSkapaTatA hai| zreyArthI kI RjutA jisameM RjutA rahegI vaha zreyArthI hogA aura jisameM kapaTa hogA vahAM preyArthI hogaa| yArthI sadaiva indriyoM kA dAsa rahatA hai, indriyoM ko jo prItikara hotA hai usakI khoja meM vaha daur3atA rahatA hai, isalie duHkha pAtA hai, sadA naye-naye sukha kI AkAMkSA karatA rahatA hai, parantu zreyArthI aisA nahIM hotaa| vaha indriyoM kI cAha ko pUrA nahIM karatA, jisase prathamataH duHkha milatA hai; para pariNAmataH sukha aura Ananda kI prApti hotI hai| vaha zAzvata sukha kI khoja meM rahatA hai| zreyArthI kI RjutA meM dhokhA dene kA svabhAva nahIM rahatA / vahA~ saralatA hotI hai, vinaya hotA hai| sarala vyakti kA jJAna anubhava se bharA hogA / usameM gurutA hogI, rUpAntarita karane kI zakti hogI / vaha zikSaka nahIM hogA, guru hogA, bauddhikatA se pare hogA / zikSaka pAzcAttya saMskRti se AyA zabda hai jo mAtra vyavasAyika hai, jJAna kA vyApAra karatA hai, para 'guru' zabda hamArI bhAratIya saMskRti kA hai, jahAM jJAna kA vyApAra nahIM hotaa| use dvija bhI kahA jAtA hai| vaha isalie ki mAtA-pitA to janma de dete haiM, para dUsarA janma guru ke pAsa hotA hai jo jIvana ko jIne kA tarIkA sikhAtA hai, adhyAtma kA pATha par3hAtA hai isalie vaha pUjya hotA hai, zraddheya hotA hai| guru aura ziSya ke bIca kA sambandha bhAratIya paramparA meM anUThA hai| ziSya guru kI AjJA kA pAlana pUre samarpaNa bhAva se karatA hai| usakA ahaM gira jAtA hai aura sadaiva guru ke pAsa rahatA hai, nirvyAja rUpa se| yaha usakI RjutA hai| bhASA kA AropaNa dhokhA ko janma detA hai| zarIra aura usakI bhAvabhaMgimA dhokhA nahIM de paatii| baccA mAM kI bhAvabhaMgimA samajha letA hai| use dhokhA nahIM diyA jA sakatA, para jaise hI bhASA kA sambandha AtA hai, dhokhA aura kapaTa bhAva prArambha ho jAtA hai| zAyada isI AdhAra para hamArA samUcA mudrAzAstra khar3A huA hai| dhyAna kI sArI mudrAyeM aisI haiM jinako svIkAra karane ke bAda krodha, kapaTa Adi vikAra bhAva svataH tirohita hone lagate haiN| padmAsana Adi mudrAyeM aisI hI haiN| RjutA Ane para hamArA AkrAmaka bhAva calA jAtA hai, namratA A jAtI hai, gambhIratA panapane lagatI hai, kisI ko tiraskRta karane kA bhAva nahIM rahatA, sabhI ke sAtha sadbhAvapUrvaka vyavahAra hotA hai, nindaka nahIM hotaa| AMkha kI zarma usameM dikhAI detI hai| usakI camar3I moTI nahIM hotii| galata kAma karane kA mana nahIM hotaa| yadi 2010_03

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.. mAtUNa kurA galatI ho bhI gaI to use sAdara svIkAra kara letA hai aura usakA yathocita prAyazcita le letA hai| isalie RjutA jIvana kA amiTa sUtra hai, mAnavatA kA lakSaNa hai, ahaGkAra kA vigalana hai| uttama Arjava kA yahI tAtparya hai ki vyakti dhokhebAja na ho aura vaha sahI jIvana tathA dharma kA marma smjhe| sandarbha mottUNa kuDilabhAvaM NimmalahidayeNa caradi jo smnno| ajjavadhammo taiyo tassa du saMbhavadi nniymenn|| - bA0 aNu0, 73. yogasyAvakratA Arjavam / sa0si0, 9.6, pR0 412. jo ciMtei Na vaMkaM Na kuNadi vaMkaM Na jaMpade bNk| Na ya govadi Niya dosaM ajjavadhammo have tss|| kA0 anu0, 396; ta0sA0 6.15; ana0dha0 6.17-23. ajjavaM nAma ujjugattaNaM ti vA akuDilattaNaM ti vaa| evaM ca kuvvamANassa kammaNijjarA bhavaI, akuvvamANassa ya kammovacayo bhvii| daza0vai0 cUrNi0, pR0 18. parasminikRtipare'pi mAyAparityAga: Arjavam / dazavai0ni0hari0vR0, 10.349 ArjavaM maayodynigrhH| aupa0abhaya0vR0 16.33. .. manovacanakAyakarmaNAmakauTilyamArjavam / ta0vRttizruta0 9.6. ___ 2010_03

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7 jIvana kI nirmalatA hI zucitA hai artha aura pratipatti zoca aura zuci ye donoM zabda samAnArthaka haiN| inakA artha hai-- nirmalatA, pvitrtaa| yaha pavitratA bAhya aura Abhyantara do prakAra kI hotI hai / bAhya pavitratA miTTI, jala, agni aura mantra se kI jAtI hai tathA Abhyantara pavitratA brahma, satya, tapa, indriya - nigraha aura sarvabhUtadayA se prApta ho sakatI hai| bAraha vratoM kA paripAlana kara AtmA kI vizuddha avasthA ko prApta karAnA zuci dharma kA kArya hai / pAtaJjalayogapradIpa meM kahA gayA hai - IrSyA, abhimAna, ghRNA, asUyA Adi maloM ko maitrI Adi se dUra karanA, bure vicAroM ko zuddha vicAroM se haTAnA, durvyavahAra ko sadvyavahAra se dUra karanA mAnasika zauca hai| sAMsArika vAsanA kI andhI daur3a meM mana kI caJcalatA bar3ha jAtI hai| vaha preya viSayoM kI ora daur3a par3atA hai| preya mana kA viSaya hai aura zreya caitanya kA viSaya hai| mana vastutaH zekhacillI hai, vaha svapnoM kA zRGgAra adhika racatA hai| kalpanA ke loka meM bhaTakanA usakA svabhAva hai| gRhastha abhAva meM jItA hai| jisa ora bhI usakI dRSTi ghUmatI hai, hathiyAne kA prayatna karatA hai| rAga usakA bandhana hai| jo bhI milatA hai, usase vaha apane ko bAMdha tA hai| bhItara se vaha khAlI rahatA hai| use vaha para - padArthoM ke lobha se bharane kA prayatna karatA hai| isa lobha ke kAraNa usakI vRttiyAM pavitra nahIM raha paatiiN| zucitA kA virodhI bhAva hI lobhavRtti hai / svarUpa kundakundAcArya ne AkAMkSA bhAva ko dUra kara vairAgya bhAvanA se yukta rahane ko kahA hai (bArasa aNu0 74) / isI ko adhika spaSTa karate hue pUjyapAda ne lobha se nivRtti ko zauca kahA hai| akalaMka ne isI svara meM apanA svara milAte hue lobha ke cAra prakAra batAye haiM - jIvana lobha, Arogya lobha, indriya lobha aura upabhoga lobha / siddhasenagaNi ne isa paribhASA ko kucha aura vyApaka banAyA aura kahA ki sacitta, acitta aura mizra vastuoM meM Asakti honA lobha hai| lobha se hI krodhAdi kaSAyoM kI - 2010_03

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utpatti hotI hai| unake na hone se AtmA meM sva-para hitakArI pravRtti janma letI hai| usI ko zauca kahA jAtA hai| abhayadeva sUri ne zauca kA sIdhA sambandha para-dravya apaharaNa kI vRtti ko dUra karane se jor3A hai| ina sabhI paribhASAoM se acchI paribhASA kI hai kumArasvAmI ne| unhoMne kahA hai - jo samabhAva aura santoSarUpI jala se tRSNA aura lobharUpI mala ke samUha ko dhotA hai tathA bhojana kI gRddhi nahIM karatA, usake nirmala zauca dharma hotA hai| anya AcAryoM dvArA dI gaI paribhASAoM meM zauca dharma kI ye sArI . paribhASAyeM lagabhaga eka jaisI haiN| inakA AdhAra hai AcArAGga, jahA~ kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra "soyappahANA' the, zauca meM pradhAna the (6.102) / zucitA kA vistAra zucitA kA gaharA sambandha hai AdhyAtmikatA aura naitikatA se| AdhyAtmika zucitA vyaktigata hotI hai aura naitika zucitA kA sambandha samAja se rahatA hai| ina donoM zucitAoM meM uttama zauca dharma ke sAtha AdhyAtmika zucitA kA sambandha adhika rahatA hai| isa zucitA ko pAne meM katipaya loga kabhI paristhiti kA bahAnA kara svayaM ko pIche haTA lete haiM aura kabhI svabhAva kI Ar3a lekara usa ora jAne se katarA jAte haiN| para aba to svabhAva bhI badalA jA sakatA hai| Adhunika vijJAna meM kucha aise prayoga hue haiM jahA~ ilekTrADa lagAkara vAsanA aura bhUkha ko zAnta kara diyA jAtA hai| bijalI ke jhaTake lagane se billI aura bandara kI bhUkha miTa gaI aura cUhA-billI eka sAtha khelane lge| isa taraha kA prabhAva hamAre mahApuruSoM ke prabhAva se bhI hotA AyA hai| vItarAgI vyakti kI vidyuta meM se aisI razmiyA~ nikalatI haiM, jinase azubha vAtAvaraNa zubha meM badala jAtA hai aura durbhikSa kI jagaha subhikSa ho jAtA hai| candana ke vyApArI mitra ko dekhakara usake mana meM bhare durbhAva ke kAraNa rAjA ko ghRNA ho jAtI hai aura phira prasannatA kA bhAva A jAtA hai| jIvana meM isa prakAra ke aneka prasaGga Ate rahate haiM para hama na unakA mUlyAGkana kara pAte haiM aura na kartavya-bodha jAgrata ho pAtA hai| arjana ke sAtha visarjana vAlA siddhAnta bhI bhUla jAte haiN| kahAnI vaisI hI duharAI jAtI hai jaise tAlAba ko dUdha se bharane kA Adeza diyA gayA aura vaha bharA milA pAnI se| saca to yaha hai ki jIvana eka mahAgrantha hai, mahAsAgara hai, zAnta bhI hai, azAnta bhI hai| use samajhanA bar3A kaThina hai| zucitA Aye binA use samajhA nahIM jA sktaa| virodhI bhAva lobha zucitA na Ane kA kAraNa hai - mUrchA, lobha, parigraha, aaskti| taratamatA ke AdhAra para usake cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM - kRmirAga, kajjala, kIcar3a aura hldii| AkAMkSAyeM inakI pRSThabhUmi meM rahatI haiN| AzAyeM inake sAtha calatI haiN| zucitA kA ___ 2010_03

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84 virodhI bhAva lobha hai jo devagati meM sarvAdhika hotA hai| rUpAdi kA lobha bhI yahIM abhivyakta hotA hai| hama jAnate haiM, bArahaveM guNasthAna taka lobha rahatA hai| yaha lobha jIvana meM na jAne kitane saMgharSa kA kAraNa hotA hai| lobha kA kAraNa mana meM nirdhanatA kA ghara bana jAnA hotA hai / mAnasika nirdhanatA Arthika nirdhanatA se kahIM adhika khataranAka hotI hai| Alasya ke kAraNa vaha aura bhI panapatI calI jAtI hai| jApAniyoM ne lokanAyaka jayaprakAza nArAyaNa se kahA thA ki bhArata to samRddha deza honA cAhie, kyoMki yahAM loga ArAma se baiThe-baiThe cilama pIte rahate haiN| unheM nahIM mAlUma thA ki yaha samRddhi kA nahIM, balki akarmaNyatA aura nirdhanatA kA kAraNa hai| lobhI kA yaha svabhAva hai ki vaha hara cIja ko akele hI upabhoga meM lAnA cAhatA hai / prasenajita ne zreNika ko eka lambI parIkSA ke bAda apanA uttarAdhikArI bnaayaa| unhoMne apane putroM ko bhojana karane baiThAyA aura idhara kuttoM ko chor3a diyaa| zreNika ko chor3akara sabhI putra to uThakara bhAga gaye para zreNika ne kuttoM ko Tukar3e DAla-DAla kara bhojana kara liyaa| saca yahI hai ki dUsaroM ko khilAkara hI khAyA jA sakatA hai| lobhI bAhya paristhitiyoM ke sAmane ghuTane nahIM TekatA aura ghuTane Teke binA hI nirNaya letA hai| cetanA meM donoM tattva hote haiM-- kurUpatA aura svarUpatA / unakI pahacAna hamArI mAnasikatA ke AdhAra para hotI hai| tadanusAra kurUpavAn svarUpavAn ho sakatA hai aura surUpavAn kurUpavAn ho sakatA hai| vastutaH jJAna padArthaniSTha na hokara svaniSTha honA caahie| lobha ke sAtha hiMsA kA janma hotA hI hai| apane iSTa padArtha ke saMrakSaNa ke lie hiMsA eka anivArya tathya hai| lobhI vyakti kA mAnasa padArtha kI asvIkRti kI ora nahIM jaataa| padArtha anAvazyaka bhI hogA to bhI use vaha jor3atA rhegaa| isa mAnasikatA kI sthiti ko usa sthiti se tulanA kIjie jaba koI bhojanabhaTTa kisI susvAdu bhojana ko peTa kI hAlata ko soce binA hI khAtA calA jAtA hai| milAvaTa kI pravRtti ke pIche bhI lobha hI kAraNa rahatA hai| davA meM milAvaTa karane vAlA, usI milAvaTa bharI davA ke upayoga se yadi apane parivAra ke sadasya ko kho DAle, to usakI vikRtiyAM use samajha meM A sakatI haiN| para lobhI kI cetanA para paradA par3A rahatA hai| vaha usake phala kI ora se vesudha rahatA hai| yaha anaitikatA dhanika varga meM hotI hai| nirdhana ke pAsa to aise sAdhana hI nahIM hote| isa krUratA kA prakopa bhI saMgrahavRtti ke kAraNa dhanikoM meM hI adhika dekhI jAtI hai| lobha ke kAraNa unakA hRdaya niSThura ho jAtA hai| premapUrNa bhAvanA se paudhe bhI prasanna ho jAte haiM, para dhanikoM 2010_03

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85 kI niSThuratA nahIM pighltii| isa niSThuratA se ve kabhI-kabhI Thage bhI jAte haiN| sunAra lisAna ko ThagatA hai aura kisAna kaMkar3a vAlA ghI dekara sunAra ko Thaga letA hai| yadi manobala ko bar3hAkara apane astitva kA bodha ho jAye to lobhI kI lobha pravRtti kama hogI, kaSAya bhAva ghaTegA aura cAritrika vizuddhi bddh'egii| use pApa kA bApa "lobha" samajha meM A jaayegaa| use yaha bhI dhyAna meM A jAyegA ki sikandara jaise vyakti ne apane hAtha arthI ke bAhara kyoM nikalavAye the? lobhI kI IrSyA pravRtti bhI svabhAvataH kama ho jaayegii| vaha phira deva se aisA varadAna nahIM mA~gegA ki vaha saba kucha sonA ho jAya jise bhI vaha chue| deha kI apavitratA, kSaNabhaMguratA aura AtmA kI pavitratA aura zAzvatatA para cintana karane se zauca-dharma kI anubhUti gaharI hotI hai, joMka jaisI pravRtti kama hotI hai tathA samatA aura santoSa jaise vidhAyaka bhAva pravAhita hone lagate haiN| samyagdarzana ke ATha aMgoM kA cintana sAdhaka ko dhArmika cetanA kI ora le jAtA hai| RjutA bhAva ke gaharAne para manuSya janma kI durlabhatA bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai| duniyA~ meM manuSya ke barAbara vikasita prANI koI bhI dasarA nahIM hai| jo viveka use milA hai. vaha kisI anya prANI ke pAsa nahIM hai| tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ne isIlie yaha kahA hai ki saMsAra meM cAra vastueM bar3I durlabha haiM - manuSyatva, zucitA, zraddhA aura saMyama ke lie puruSArtha - cattAri paramaMgANi, dullahANIha jntunno| mANusattaM suI saddhA, saMjamammi ya viiriyN|| yahA~ suI zabda kA artha zuci aura zruti donoM ho sakate haiN| mana kA pavitra honA hI zucitA hai, jo lagAtAra dharmazravaNa aura dharmArAdhanA se mila pAtI hai| zucitA ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki sAdhaka dUsare prANI ko bhI apane jaisA smjhe| usake mana meM dUsare ke prati dayAbhAva rhe| yaha dayAbhAva jitanA para ke lie hai utanA hI sva ke lie bhI hai| cIMTA, pazu-pakSI hama bhI hue hoMge pUrva janmoM meN| hama bhI isI taraha apane prANoM ko bacAne ke lie bhAgate rahe hoNge| aba cU~ki hamAre pAsa viveka adhika hai, hameM isa tathya ko samajhanA cAhie ki ina sabhI prANiyoM meM hamArI jaisI hI cetanA hai, para usa cetanA kA vaha vikasita rUpa nahIM hai jo hamAre pAsa hai| ataH hameM una para dayAbhAva rakhanA caahie| manuSya hue aura manuSyatA na rahI to hamArA janma hI nirarthaka ho jaayegaa| yaha manuSyatA hI zucitA hai| isI se vyakti kA mana dharmazravaNa kI ora palaTatA hai| yahA~ dharmazravaNa sabhI se nahIM hai| yahA~ to dharmazravaNa usase ho jo svayaM vItarAgI bana gayA ho| vItarAgI vyakti se dharma kI vyAkhyA sunanA isalie adhika sArthaka hotA 2010_03

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hai ki hameM usakI anubhUti se bhare zabdoM ko sunane kA avasara milatA hai| hama sahI zrAvaka bana jAte haiN| zrAvaka kA tAtparya hI yaha hai jo vItarAgI sAdhaka kI bAta sunane ke lie taiyAra ho jAtA hai, jisakA mana nirmala hokara adhyAtma kI ora bar3ha jAtA hai, nirmamatva hokara Atmacintana karanA svIkAra kara letA hai| Atmacintana karane vAlA sAdhaka RjutA kI ora bar3hatA hai, jAgarUka prajJA usake sAtha rahatI hai, sAMsArika cintana se usakI prajJA aura bhI gaharI hotI jAtI hai| mRtyu-cintana se usakI satya sAdhanA meM nikhAra AtA hai| vaha gaMgA snAnAdi jaise mithyAtva bhare vicAroM ko to pahale hI daphanA detA hai| sAtha hI jIvanalobha, indriyalobha, Arogyalobha aura upayogalobha se bhI nivRtta ho jAtA hai (cA0sA0 63.2) / yahAM zauca aura tyAga meM antara samajha lenA caahie| zaucadharma meM parigraha ke na rahane para bhI karmodaya se hone vAlI tRSNA kI nivRtti kI jAtI hai para, tyAga meM vidyamAna parigraha chor3A jAtA hai, saMyata ke yogya jJAnAdi kA dAna diyA jAtA hai| isI taraha zaucadharma aura AkiMcanya artha meM bhI antara hai| zaucadharma lobha kI nivRtti ke lie hai, jabaki AkiMcanya dharma svazarIra meM nirmamatva bar3hAne ke lie hai| nimohI vyakti hI pUrNa ahiMsaka hotA hai| ahiMsA kA tAtparya hai dUsare kI svatantratA meM bAdhA nahIM ddaalnaa| pratyeka padArtha svatantra hai| usakI svatantratA meM khalala DAlanA hiMsA hai| acetana padArtha to paratantra hai hI para cetana padArtha kI svatantratA kA hanana karanA hiMsA hai aura hiMsA ko zucitA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| cIMTI kI svatantratA ko jaba hama apane hAtha meM le lete haiM, to hiMsA ho jAtI hai| ___ antara zuddha ho jAne para hI sahI sAdhutA prakaTa hotI hai| vaha bhogI ko bhI apamAnita nahIM karatA aura na hI apanI sAdhutA ko ahaGkAra kA kAraNa banane detA hai| vaha upadeza detA hai para Adeza kabhI nahIM detaa| sAdhu meM apane sAdhutva kA ahaGkAra A gayA to usakI sAdhutA samApta ho jAtI hai| itanA hI nahIM, yaha sambhAvanA adhika hai ki sAdhU jo doSa dUsare meM dekha rahA hai vaha doSa usake antara meM bharA ho| saca to yaha hai ki sahI sAdhutA hI zucitA hai| sandarbha kaMkhAbhAvaNivittaM kiccA verggbhaavnnaajutto| jo vadRdi paramamuNI tassa du dhammo have soccN|| - bA0 aNu0 75. lobhaprakArANAmuparamaH zaucam - sa0si0, 6.12. 2010_03

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samasaMtoSa jaleNaM jo dhovadi tivvalohamalapuMjaM / bhoyaNagiddhavihINo tassa sauccaM have vimalaM / / zaucaM dravyato nirlepatA bhAvato'navadya samAcAraH pR0 33. caturvidhasya lobhasya nivRttiH zaucamucyate / jJAna - cAritra - zikSAdau sa dharmaH sunigadyate / / ta0 sA0, 6.17. dravyeSu mamedaM bhAvamUlo vyasanopanipAtaH sakala iti tataH parityAgo lAghavam - bha0A0vi0, 46, pR0 154. 2010_03 ---- - 87 kA0 aNu0, 397. aupapA0 abhayavR0 16,

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satya : sAdhanA kI ora bar3hatA padacApa artha aura pratipatti krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha para sAttvika cintana karane se kramaza: uttama zamana, mArdava, Arjava aura zauca bhAva cetanA meM jAgrata ho jAte haiM tathA citta satya-sAdhanA kI ora bar3ha jAtA hai| sAdhaka satya kI sAdhanA meM yathArtha ko yathArtha rUpa meM dekhane kA prayatna karatA hai| use jIvana aura paramAtmA kI satyatA para vizvAsa hone lagatA hai| satya kI paribhASAyeM lagabhaga samAna haiN| kundakundAcArya ne kahA hai - dUsaroM ko santApa pahu~cAne vAle vacanoM ko tyAgakara jo apanA aura dUsare kA hita karane vAlA vacana bolatA hai, use satya dharma hotA hai (bA0 aNu0, 74) / umAsvAmI, pUjyapAda aura akalaMka isI paribhASA ko zabdAntara se duharAte haiN| abhayadevasUri ne analIka, avisaMvAdana, yoga, kAyA kI akuTilatA, mana kI akuTilatA aura vANI kI akuTilatA ko satya dharma mAnA hai| kArtikeya ne jinavacana ko satyavacana mAnane kI bAta kahI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM bhAvasatya, karaNasatya aura yogasatya kA yahA~ samAveza kiyA gayA hai| sAdhana aura svabhAva satya ko samajhane ke lie jijJAsA honA Avazyaka hai| jJAna kI khoja meM rahe binA ajJAna ko svIkAra kara lenA kaThina hotA hai| satya kI prApti ajJAna kI svIkRti se jur3I huI hai| tabhI satya-sAdhaka ko zAstroM aura siddhAntoM meM jIvana dikhAI detA hai| anyathA jhUTha kA itanA adhika pracAra ho jAtA hai ki jhUTha hI eka dina saca lagane lagatA hai| satya ko parakhane vAlA svatantratA aura paratantratA kA artha bhI jAnane lagatA hai| saMsAra meM asakta vyakti paratantra hai| UMTa ko khUTI se chor3a dene para bhI vaha apane Apako baMdhA samajhatA hai aura svata: nahIM utthtaa| paratantratA vastuta: kalpita hotI hai| rassI para dAnA DAlakara loga tote ko pakar3a lete haiM, kyoMki totA rassI ko chor3a nahIM paataa| usase vaha apane Apako baMdhA samajhane lagatA hai| 2010_03

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satya sIdhA hotA hai| use yAda rakhane kI jarUrata nahIM hotii| para asatya Ter3hA hotA hai, zRGkhalAbaddha hotA hai| eka jhUTha ko chipAne ke lie dasa jhUTha bolanA par3atA hai| isalie unheM yAda rakhanA bhI kabhI-kabhI kaThina ho jAtA hai| yaha tathya taba samajha meM AtA hai jaba hamArA citta jAgarUka ho jAtA hai| rAjA ko phakIra ne darpaNa bheMTa kiyA tAki vaha jAgaruka hokara svayaM ko dekha ske| buddha ne jAgarUka hokara hI zava ko aura jarAgrasta vyakti ko dekhaa| saMvega aura vairAgya binA jAgarUka hue A hI nahIM sktaa| samrAT jaba akele meM kamare meM nagna hokara svayaM ko parakhatA hai to use jIvana kI satyatA samajha meM AtI hai| hara vyakti badalanA cAhatA hai, para vaha jijJAsA aura jAgarUkatA se dUra rahatA hai| badalane kA ekamAtra tarIkA hai - dekhnaa| AtmA ke dvArA AtmA ko dekhnaa| AtmA hI dhyAtA aura dhyeya hai| akhaNDa AtmA ko usakI paryAyoM ke sAtha dekhanA aura socanA ki ve paryAyeM kSaNabhaMgura haiM, para inameM vyAvahArika satyatA hai| dravya, kaSAya, yoga, upayoga, jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura vIrya kI dRSTi se AtmA kA vizleSaNa kiyA jAtA hai aura phira bAharI citta se zuddha caitanya taka pahu~cA jAtA hai| citta ko sAdhana banAkara zarIra se cintana karanA prArambha kreN| phira kramaza: citta kI caJcalatA, yoga, kaSAya, vIrya para vicAra kreN| isase jAgrata avasthA kA janma hogA, saMkalpa banegA aura rUpAntaraNa prArambha ho jaayegaa| isa rUpAntaraNa meM saMkalpa kA honA Avazyaka hai| manobala nahIM hogA to satya ajJeya hI banA rhegaa| svAsthya ko ThIka karanA ho to darda bharI jagaha ko vijAtIya tattvoM se mukta kara diijie| yahI sabase bar3I davA hai| isI taraha saMsaraNa se mukta hone ke lie bhI Antarika jAgaraNa eka acUka davA hai| satya ke sAmane sabase bar3I bImArI hai- satya ko jhuThalAne kI pravRtti, sApekSatA se dUra rahane kI prvRtti| sArA saMsAra sApekSatA se calatA hai| mAtA, pitA kisI ke lar3akA, lar3akI bhI rahe haiN| astitva ke sAtha anastitva bhI jur3A huA hai, dravya ke sAtha paryAyeM bhI rahatI haiN| isI ko anekAntavAda kahate haiN| anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda ke AdhAra para vastutattva kA vizleSaNa karane se vyakti satya ke yathArtha svarUpa ko samajha sakatA hai| cintana kI sArthakatA satya kI yathArthatA ko samajhane ke lie bAraha bhAvanAoM kA bhI cintana sahayogI hotA hai| inameM tIna bhAvanAoM, anuprekSAoM para vizeSa cintana karanA cAhie- anitya, anyatva aura ektv| sabhI padArtha kSaNabhaMgura haiM, anitya haiM, deha aura AtmA bhinna-bhinna hai tathA sukha-duHkha koI bA~TanevAlA nahIM hai| ina tIna bhAvanAoM ke Ane se zeSa bhAvanAyeM sAtha calane lagatI haiN| 2010_03

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vyakti ko pramukhatA na dekara samAja ko pramukhatA dene se mAnasika tanAva bar3hatA hai| saMyoga ko saba kucha mAna liyA to viyoga hone para asahanIya duHkha hotA hai| sApekSa satya yaha hai ki vyakti aura samudAya donoM tattva satya haiN| donoM kA sApekSika astitva hai| isa prakAra vicAra karane para mAnasika tanAva kama hogaa| sampatti Adi saMyoga ko mAtra saMyoga mAnA jAye, to usakA viyoga adhika duHkhada nahIM hogaa| mala-mUtra kA niyamita visarjana Avazyaka hotA hI hai, anyathA vyakti asvastha ho jaayegaa| isa dRSTi se jainadharma krAntivAdI hai| vaha ahaM aura mana ko visarjitakara AtmasAdhanA aura dharmasAdhanA kI bAta karatA hai| samyagdRSTi se mithyAtva ko dUra kara, saMsAra kI asAratA ko samajhakara AtmA aura paramAtmA ko pahacAnane kI bAta karatA hai| vaha spaSTa kahatA hai ki bagaira jAne kisI ko bhI na maano| svAnubhUti ke binA, AtmajJAna ke binA samyagjJAna ho nahIM sktaa| samyagjJAna ke binA saccI zraddhA bhI nahIM ho sakatI aura ina donoM ke binA samyak-cAritra kA AcaraNa nahIM ho sktaa| ratnatraya kI sAdhanA ke lie satya kI sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| yaha cintana satata banA rahanA caahie| pUrA satya anirvacanIya bhale hI ho para anubhavanIya avazya hotA hai| satya meM sat hai, sattA hai| satyadarzana niSpakSa citta kI sthiti hai| satya virATa hotA hai isalie virodhAbhAsa dikhAI detA hai| pUrvAgraha se mukta hokara nirapekSabhAva se satya kA darzana karanA caahie| vacana pudgala kA paryAya hai aura satya AtmA kA dharma hai| sat svarUpa AtmajJAna meM asatya ho hI nahIM sktaa| usa satya jJAna kI sAdhanA ke lie satyANuvrata, satya mahAvrata, bhASAsamiti, vacanagupti Adi kA pAlana karanA caahie| jisameM vAyu kI pradhAnatA hotI hai vaha bAtUnI hotA hai aura jo bAtUnI hotA hai vaha asatyabhASI hotA hai| "ajairyaSTavyam" kA galata artha karane vAle kA pakSa lene ke kAraNa, kahA jAtA hai, vasu rAjA naraka meM gye| vibhISaNa ne bhagavAn rAma kA pakSa satya ke kAraNa hI liyA thaa| satyadarzI saMsAra ko nATaka mAnakara calatA hai, isalie vaha samatAdarzI hai, harSa-viSAda meM sukha-duHkha kA anubhava nahIM krtaa| __ jIvana do prakAra kA hotA hai - svayaM ke lie aura zarIra ke lie| saMsAra ko kSaNika mAnakara hI svayaM kA jIvana prArambha hotA hai aura jaba vaha virAgI ho jAtA hai, to bAlaka jaisA prasanna ho jAtA hai| cAritra hI usakA dharma bana jAtA hai| sonA aura miTTI donoM hI usake lie samAna ho jAtA hai| satya-sAdhaka aise hI samatAvAdI hote haiN| satya ke prakAra satya aura ahiMsA eka hI dharma ke do pahalU haiN| isa dharma se Digane para pazcAtApa satya se hI hotA hai| yaha satya dasa prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| AgamoM meM - nAma, rUpa, ___ 2010_03

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sthApanA, pratItya, saMvRti, saMyojanA, janapada, deza, bhAva aura smy| inakA vistRta varNana aura vyAkhyA vahA~ dekhI jA sakatI hai| isI taraha asatya ke bhI bheda kiye gaye haiN| ve cAra prakAra ke haiM --- (1) sat vastu kA niSedha, (2) asat kI svIkRti, (3) vastu kA viparIta svarUpa, aura (4) garhita vacana bolnaa| krodha, lobha, bhaya, paizUnya, capalatA Adi ke kAraNa vyakti asatya bolane ko majabUra ho jAtA hai| yadi satya bolane se kisI kA badha hotA ho aura hiMsA hone kI sambhAvanA ho to satyANuvratI zrAvaka asatya bola sakatA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, prema, dveSa, hAsya, bhaya, AkhyAyikA aura upadyAta ke kAraNa loga jhUTha bolate haiN| ina kAraNoM se mukta hokara satya kI sAdhanA karanI caahie| uttama satya ko samajhane ke lie dasa satyoM ko samajha lenA caahie| tattvArthavArtika meM unakA svarUpa isa prakAra milatA hai- nAma satya- guNavihIna hone para bhI vyavahArataH use saMjJA denaa| rUpa satya- vastu kI anupasthiti meM rUpamAtra se usakA ullekha krnaa| sthApanA satya- meM vastu kA AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai| pratIti satya- aupazamika Adi bhAvoM kI dRSTi se kahA jAtA hai| saMvRti satya- lokavyavahAra ke anusAra saMjJA denaa| saMyojanA satya- dravyoM meM AkArAdi ko saMyojita krnaa| janapada satya aura deza satva meM AdhyAtmika vacana, janapadoM aura dezoM se sambaddha rahate haiM tathA bhAva satya meM zrAvakoM kA upadeza sammilita hai| sAMsArika satya satya dharma bahu-AyAmI hai| asatya vAdana yA cintana bhI bahu-AyAmI hai| isakA sambandha mAtra jhUTha bolane- na bolane se hI nahIM hai, balki sAMsArika satya ko bhI samajhane se hai| udAharaNa ke taura para padArtha yA vyakti kI mRtyu hotI hai yaha nizcita hai, bhale hI kaba hogI, yaha anizcita hai| isa satya ko yadi svIkAra kara liyA jAye to dharma kI ora unmukha hue binA nahIM rahA jA sktaa| kIrkegArDa kA yaha kathana galata nahIM hai ki dharma kA janma mRtyu kI cintA se hotA hai| mRtyu hotI hai, isa satya ko hama sabhI jAnate hai, para kisI na kisI kAraNa se isa satya ko hama apane se dUra rakhate haiN| mithyAtva, lobha Adi ke kAraNa hama usa para vicAra nahIM karate, use TAlate rahate haiN| janma ke sAtha maraNa jur3A huA hai aura jIvana kA pratipala jarA ke rUpa meM kSaraNa ho rahA hai| bAlyAvasthA se yuvAvasthA aura yuvAvasthA se vRddhAvasthA kI ora vyakti satat bar3hatA jAtA hai| apane kandhoM para dUsaroM kI arthiyA~ rakhakara unheM zmazAnaghATa pahu~cAtA rahatA hai, para svayaM ko isa tathya se alaga rakhe rahatA hai| jisa dina "vatthu sahAvo dhammo" kA sahI sAkSAtkAra ho gayA, usI dina saMsAra se pAra hone kA mArga mila gyaa| 2010_03

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tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ne isa tathya ko bar3e sundara zabdoM meM samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki jisa prakAra mUrkha gAr3IvAn jAna-bUjhakara sIdhe-sAde rAjamArga ko chor3akara Ubar3a-khAbar3a mArga para apanI gAr3I le jAtA hai aura gAr3I kI dhurI TUTa jAne para asahAya-sA hokara zoka karane lagatA hai, usI prakAra mUrkha manuSya bhI jAna-bUjhakara dharma ko chor3akara adharma pakar3a letA hai, satya kA apalApa karatA hai aura anta meM mRtyu ke mukha meM pahu~cane para, jIvana kI dhurI TUTa jAne para zoka karatA hai - jahA sAgaDio jANaM, samaM hiccA mhaavhN| visamaM magga-moiNNo, akkhe bhaggammi soyii|| evaM dhammaM viDakkamma, ahammaM pddivjjiyaa| bAle muccumuhaM patte, akkhabhagge va soyii|| isa sAMsArika satya ko samajhane ke lie, AtmasAta karane ke lie avasthA kA koI bandhana nahIM rhtaa| isa satya para phUla khilane ke lie vRddhAvasthA kI bATa johanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| isalie jainadharma kahatA hai ki dharma kA sahI pAlana vRddhAvasthA nahIM hotaa| usa samaya to indriyA~ svata: zithila ho jAtI haiN| dharma kA sahI pAlana to taba hotA hai jaba indriyA~ yuvA hotI haiM, zakti se bharI rahatI haiN| isalie saMnyAsa vRddhAvasthA kA phala nahIM hai| vaha to yuvAvasthA meM AnA caahie| yuvAvasthA meM indriyoM kI uddAma zakti ko kuNThita karane ke lie sAre tapa Adi kA vyAkhyAna huA hai| UrjA ko isa yuvAvasthA meM yadi rUpAntarita kara diyA jAye, to jIvana meM sahI krAnti aayegii| mahAvIra isI krAnti ke janaka the, isI satya mArga ke prajJApaka the| ananta sambhAvanAoM bharA satya satya kA sambandha hamAre samyak zravaNa se hai| hama apane pUrvAgraha ke kAraNa satya ko sunanA hI nahIM cAhate, niSpakSa hokara usa para vicAra hI nahIM karanA caahte| niSpakSa hokara jaba vicAra kiyA jAtA hai, tabhI satya kI anubhUti hotI hai| ____ hara pahalu meM ananta sambhAvanAyeM banI rahatI haiN| vyakti sAdhAraNata: kucha-eka pahaluoM ko hI jAnatA hai| asAdhAraNa sthiti meM yadi vaha padArtha ko sampUrNa rUpa se, yathArtha rUpa se jAna bhI jAtA hai to use usI rUpa meM eka sAtha vyakta nahIM kara sktaa| satya jAnA jA sakatA hai samagra rUpa meM, para usakI abhivyakti nahIM ho sktii| isI kaThinAI kA anubhava kiye jAne para mahAvIra ne syAdvAda siddhAnta diyA aura kahA ki eka prazna kA uttara sAta prakAra se diyA jA sakatA hai| isake lie uttara dene ke pUrva 'syAt' lagAiye jisakA artha hotA hai 'kathaJcit' / 2010_03

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93 isa tathya ko vijJAna ke kSetra meM AinsaTIna ne sApekSavAda ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA aura dArzanika kSetra meM yahI sApekSavAda 'syAdvAda' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| cintana ke kSetra meM isI ko anekAntavAda kahA jAtA hai| yaha syAdvAda zAyadavAda nahIM, saMzayavAda nahIM, anizcitatA nahIM / yaha to sApekSatA yA riyaliTI ko dyotita karatA hai| isase vyakti ke dRSTikoNa kA sammAna kiyA jAtA hai| pArasparika saMgharSa ko dUra karane kA isase sarala aura koI dUsarA satya - - mArga nahIM hai| haMsI-majAka meM, upahAsa meM, krodha meM, lobha meM hama asatya bola dete haiM / mahAvIra ne kahA, isa prakAra bhI asatya nahIM bolA jAnA caahie| kisI kA upahAsa karane meM hama kabhI-kabhI pratIka kA sahArA lete haiN| kisI ke kele ke chilake se phisalane para hama usakA majAka karane lagate haiM / satya ke kSetra meM isa prakAra ke majAka bhI nahIM kiye jAne caahie| isase dUsare kA apamAna hotA hai| kAne, bahare, lUle laMgar3e ko kAnA, baharA, lUlA-laMgar3A kahakara pukAranA kisI bhI sthiti meM vyAvahArika nahIM kahA jA sktaa| satyavAdaka ina zabdoM kA prayoga kara usakA apamAna nahIM kregaa| isa prakAra satya, uttama satya jIvana ke vividha pahaluoM ko samajhane kA eka sahI mArga hai, saMgharSa aura kalaha se bacane kA sarvottama rAstA hai, AtmazAnti aura Ananda kA yathArtha pakSa hai| yaha AdezAtmaka nahIM, upadezAtmaka hai, sArvabhaumika hai| sandarbha parasaMtAvayakAraNavayaNaM mottUNa sa-para-hidavayaNaM / jo vadadi bhikkhu turiyo tassa du dhammo have saccaM / / bA0 aNu0, 74. satsu prazasteSu janeSu sAdhu vacanaM satyamityucyate / sa0si0 9.6. saccaM nAmaM sammaM ciMteUNa asAvajjaM tato bhAsiyavve saccaM ca / dazavai0cU0, pR0 18. jiNavayaNameva bhAsadi taM pAleduM asakkamANo vi| vavahAreNa vi aliyaM Na vadadi jo saccavAI so / / CALGIA - kA0 aNu0, 398. parAyetApAdivarjitaM karmAdAnakAraNAnnivRttaM sAdhuvacanaM satyam / mUlA0vR0 11.5. 2010_03

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mana para nakela lagAnA hI saMyama hai saMyama kI Dora satya se sAkSAtkAra karane para saMyama kI Dora hAtha meM thama jAtI hai| saMyama kA tAtparya hai- svayaM kI zakti se paricita ho jAnA aura mana kI gati ko bAMdha lenaa| mana belagAma hai, betahAsA bhAgatA rahatA hai aura atRpta vAsanAoM kI ora antahIna daur3a lagAtA rahatA hai| usa daur3a para kAbU pAne ke lie svAdhyAya aura saMyama kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, tAki parama zAnti ko prApta karane ke lie sAdhaka apanI zakti ko pahacAna kara usa dizA meM kadama bar3hA ske| sAdhanA meM saMyama kI utanI hI AvazyakatA hai, jitanI latA ko eka sahAre kii| latA binA sahArA baMdhe panapa nahIM pAtI, usI taraha AtmasAdhanA bhI binA saMyama ke sugandhita nahIM ho paatii| saMyama jIvanarUpI sAikila ke lie breka kA kAma karatA hai, sar3aka para calane ke niyamoM kI yAda dilAtA hai aura santulana banAye rakhane ke lie dhyAna karAtA hai| vaha eka aisA balba hai jo bijalI ke saMgRhIta pravAha ko saMbhAla letA hai| mana para nakela svAnubhUtipUrvaka mana kI bejor3a zakti para nakela lagAne kI jarUrata mahasUsa honI caahie| vaha kahIM ati para na daur3a jaaye| usakI gati para satata jAgarUkatA banAye rakhane kI AvazyakatA hai| mana kI rekhAyeM jAnane ke lie DaoN0 grIna ne 'phIDa baika' nAmaka yantra banAyA hai, jisase bhAvoM kI daur3a kA andAjA lagAyA jA sakatA hai| citta jahA~ pApamaya hone lage, mana ko vahA~ se turanta haTAne kA prayatna karanA caahie| mana kI ekAgratA usakI pavitratA meM hai| pavitratA lAne ke lie usakA mArjana karanA hI pdd'egaa| use mArane kI jarUrata nahIM, chAnane kI jarUrata hai| satkAryoM meM rasa paidA ho jAye to mana kI daur3a svataH kama ho jAtI hai| vAcaspati mizra 'TIkA' karane meM itane tanmaya ho gaye ki ve vivAhita hone para bhI brahmacArI rahe aura binA namaka kA bhojana varSoM taka karate rhe| 'TIkA' samApta hone para hI unheM namaka kA dhyAna AyA aura smaraNa AyA ki unakI patnI bhI hai, jisane itanA sahayoga kiyA hai| vINA ke tAra se saMgIta tabhI paidA hotA hai, jaba ve jur3a jAte haiN| samyak jJAnI kI yahI pahacAna hai| ___ 2010_03

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95 jJAnI hone ke do hI rAste haiM - kitAbI jJAna hAsila karanA aura anubhUti ke mAdhyama se antarjJAna prApta krnaa| kitAbI jJAna hauja jaisA hotA hai, jo baMdhA rahatA hai, sImita rahatA hai aura abhimAna se bharA rahatA hai| mailA hone aura sar3ane kI bhI sambhAvanA usameM banI rahatI hai| para antarjJAna kuA~ jaisA hotA hai jo nirabhimAnI rahatA hai, sar3atA nahIM, nirbandha rahatA hai, gaharA rahatA hai| antarjJAnI nirvicArI bana jAtA hai| ziSya aura saMnyAsI ke jholoM meM sone kI ITeM haiN| ziSya unheM kueM meM pheMkakara nirbhaya bana jAtA hai, para saMnyAsI guru unakA bhAra r3hote-Dhote bhaya ke bhUta se parezAna banA rahatA hai| svAnubhUti na hone kA yaha phala hai| kitAbI jJAna eka udhAra patthara ke alAvA aura kyA ho sakatA hai, yadi usameM svAnubhUti kA gIlApana na ho| vaha to mAtra indriyajJAna hai jo khaNDa-khaNDa kA jJAna karAtA hai| tIna cetanAyeM mAnI jAtI haiM - indriya cetanA, manazcetanA aura bauddhika cetnaa| ina tInoM cetanAoM se nikalakara jJAna jaba anubhava cetanA taka pahu~catA hai, tabhI AtmaramaNa ho pAtA hai aura use hI saMyama kahA jAtA hai| saMyama se hI samAdhi milatI hai aura dhyAna, dhyAtA aura dhyeya ikaTThe ho jAte haiN| indriya viSaya-vAsanA se haTakara saMyama se hI bhItara jAgaraNa ho jAtA hai| sArA saMsAra indriya viSayI rAga-dveSa meM jala rahA hai aura jalate hue bhI prasanna ho rahA hai| use jalane kI tanika bhI cintA nahIM hai| vaha to khujalI ko khujAne meM hI Ananda kA anubhava kara rahA hai, bhale hI khana kI dhArA bahane lge| yadi vaha sAmAyika-samatA kA cintana karane lage to vairAgya hone meM, ekAgra hone meM dera nahIM lagegI aura citta bhI prasanna ho jaayegaa| citta aura vicAroM para niyantraNa rakhane ke lie saMyama eka sazakta sAdhana hai| anyathA vahI bAta hogI ki zarAbI rAtabhara naukA calAtA rahA, para naukA vahIM kI vahIM baMdhI rahI, kyoMki use nirbandha nahIM kiyA thA, khUTe se bandhanamukta nahIM kiyA thaa| AMkha AkrAmaka hotI hai, isalie AMkha laga jAtI hai| kAna grAhaka hotA hai, vaha bahu-AyAmI hotA hai| isIlie zravaNa para bahuta jora diyA gayA hai| sahI zrAvaka bhI vahI kahalAtA hai jo samyak zravaNa kre| samyak isalie ki zabda aura rUpa sarvAdhika prabhAvita karate haiN| dhyAnastha muni ne sunA ki zreNika ne usake rAjya para AkramaNa kara diyaa| muni dhyAnastha hone para bhI vicalita ho gye| isalie saMyama pAlana ke lie svAdhyAya kI bahuta jarUrata hotI hai| vaha uphanate dUdha meM pAnI kA kAma karatA hai| svAdhyAya se hI svAnubhUti kA jAgaraNa hotA hai| saMyama aura anuzAsana saMyama eka prakAra kA anuzAsana hai, jo krUratA, viSamatA aura svabhAva jaTilatA 2010_03

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96 ke sthAna para kramaza: karuNA, samatA aura sahiSNutA paidA kara detA hai| icchAoM, AkAMkSAoM aura AzAoM se bandhA vyakti apanI raMga-biraMgI pataMga ko AkAza meM ur3A to detA hai, para vaha binA DorI ke jaldI hI dharatI para girakara dharAzAyI ho jAtI hai| isalie sarvaprathama icchAoM ko saMyamita karanA caahie| anyathA jisa prakAra zivAjI garamAgarama khicar3I ko bIca se khAnA zuru karane para jala gaye the, usI taraha icchA para anuzAsana kiye binA saMyama kI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| vaha jala jAnA mAtra hogaa| icchA prANI kA lakSaNa hai apathya para usakA pariSkAra kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| Adata bhI icchA kA hI rUpa hai| vaha bhI saMyama se dUra ho sakatI hai| isalie Adata ko aparivartanIya nahIM mAnanA caahie| dhyAna aura cintana prakriyA dvArA unase mukti pAyI jA sakatI hai| Adata kA aura AhAra kA sambandha mastiSka se rahatA hai aura ye donoM vAtAvaraNa ke mAdhyama se saMskAra kA rUpa le lete haiN| AhAra ke svarUpa se mastiSka sambandhita rahatA hai| "jaisA khAo anna, vaisA hove mana" AhAra yadi hita, mita aura sAtvika hai to bhAvanAyeM nizcita hI tadrUpa ho jaayeNgii| anyathA icchAoM para anuzAsana karanA kaThina ho jaayegaa| bhikhArI rAjA ko bhI jaba paramAtmA ke sAmane mAMgate dekhatA-sunatA hai, taba vaha rAjA ko bhI bhikhArI mAnane lagatA hai aura usako bhI apanI zreNI meM ginane lagatA hai| sAdhanA kAla meM nIrasa bhojana para bala diyA jAtA hai; kyoMki bhojana aura adhyAtma kA gaharA sambandha hai| bhojana indriyoM ko poSita karatA hai, unakI kSamatA bar3hAtA hai| isalie sAdhaka kA bhojana sAtvika honA caahie| tAmasika bhojana indriyavikArI hotA hai| sAdhaka jindA rahane ke lie bhojana karatA hai, bhojana ke lie jindA nahIM rhtaa| isalie saMyamI vyakti ko sAtvika evaM zAkAhArI honA caahie| zarIra cintana saMyamI kA gahana sAdhana hai| zarIra kI apavitratA, avinazvaratA aura jar3atA kA cintana zarIra se mohAsakti kama kara detA hai| isake lie katipaya Asane bhI haiM jinase ekAgratA bar3hatI hai| kAyotsarga, prANAyAma aura rIr3ha kI haDDI ko sIdhA rakhanA zArIrika anuzAsana hai| __ vAcika anuzAsana meM bhASAsamiti kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai| bhASA vahI bolo jo hita, mita aura priya ho, anyathA mauna rahanA hI zreyaskara hai| satyavAdana saMyamI kI sahI sAdhanA hai| saMyama meM mAnasika anuzAsana bhI jarUrI hai| isake binA saMyama adhUrA raha jAtA hai| mana svarUpataH pavitra hotA hai, korA kAgaja jaisA rahatA hai, para hamArI bhAvanA, saMskAra aura vRttiyA~ usa para citra banAtI rahatI haiN| mana hI Azraya kA kAraNa hai aura mana hI 2010_03

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97 nirjarA ko Azraya detA hai| ata: sAmAyika aura dhyAna saMyama ke aparihArya tattva haiN| sAdhya prApti kA kSaNa bhale hI choTA ho para usakI prakriyA bahuta bar3I hotI hai| dahI se makkhana nikAlanA eka zramasAdhya kArya hai| vaha binA lagAtAra manthana ke nikalatA nahIM hai| isI taraha kahaM care? kahaM siDhe? ke uttara meM "jayaM care jayaM tiDhe' kI upAsanA ho, karma aura akarma meM santulana ho, zarIra aura mana kA santulana ho| AdamI kevala sunatA hI nahIM hai, vaha dhAraNAyeM bhI banA letA hai jo usake jIvana ko yathAvat ghumAtI rahatI haiN| isalie mana ko saMyamita karanA saMyama kI sahI sAdhanA hai| yaha saMyama eka to sAvadha yogoM sampUrNa nivRtti ke artha meM prayukta huA hai aura dUsarA aMza nivRtti ke artha meN| ina donoM ko kramaza: sakala cAritra aura deza cAritra kahA jAtA hai| sAdhAraNa zrAvaka deza cAritra kA pAlana karatA hai| cAritra meM pravRtti hI saMyama hai| saMyama kA sArA vidhAna isI ke antargata ho jAtA hai| saMyama : niSedha se vidheya kI ora saMyama kA sambandha hiMsA se hai| hamArA sArA jIvana hiMsA se bharA haA hai| caubIsa ghaNTe mana sote-jAgate hiMsA meM lIna hai| vaha hiMsA choTI ho yA bar3I ho, hiMsA binA jIvana Age nahIM bddh'taa| jIveSaNA jIvana kA AdhAra hai| isI jIveSaNA mUlaka jIvana ko bacAne ke lie hI hiMsA kA janma hotA hai| hiMsA ke kRtya meM 'maiM' hI mukhya rahatA hai aura 'maiM' kI parti meM hI sAre karma utpanna hote haiN| dUsare ko parAjita karane meM hI rasa AtA hai| rasa Aye binA kisI ko jItane meM bhI Ananda nahIM aataa| aisA Ananda TikAU nahIM hotaa| saMyama kA sAdhAraNata: artha nirodha yA damana liyA jAtA hai, jo sahI nahIM hai| damana meM mana ko mArA jAtA hai, dabAyA jAtA hai jbrdstii| yaha usakA mAtra niSedhAtmaka rUpa hai, jo UparI hai, bhItarI nahIM hai| hama saMyama ke UparI rUpa ko hI pakar3ate haiM, bhItara jAne kA prayatna nahIM krte| saMyama vastuta: niSedha se vidheya kI ora jAne kA nAma hai| mana para nakela lagAnA mAtra niSedha se sambhava nahIM, vidheyAtmakatA usameM jur3I saMyama kA sambandha vRttiyoM ko sambhAlanA hai, vRttiyoM kI zakti se paricita hokara Atmazakti kA paricaya denA hai| saMyama ko 'kaNTrola' kaha denA ucita nahIM hogaa| hAM, usakA anuvAda 'TrenkkiliTI' zabda dekara kiyA jA sakatA hai| niSkampatA aura sthitiprajJatA artha binA sahI saMyama nahIM ho sktaa| __ sahI saMyama meM mana dhurI para rahatA hai, niSedha kI ati para nahIM rhtaa| vahAM mana samApta ho jAtA hai, nirmana ho jAtA hai| nirmana hue AdamI kI koI jindagI nahIM hotii| 2010_03

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98 mana ke sAtha jindagI daur3A karatI hai| daur3atI jindagI meM ghaTanAyeM hotI haiM, burAiyA~ hotI haiM isaliye burAiyoM ke binA koI kathA yA calacitra nahIM rhtaa| kathA yA calacitra dvandva meM ghUmatA hai| dvandva binA kathA meM koI jAna nahIM rhtii| rAvaNa ke binA rAma ke jIvana kA bhI koI astitva nahIM raha jaataa| saMyama kA niSedhAtmaka pakSa hI hamArI dRSTi meM adhika AtA hai, isalie hama saMyama ko usI se jor3atA huA pAte haiN| saMvara aura nirjarA, donoM kA rUpa saMyama hai| saMvara kA kAma hai- rokanA aura nirjarA kA kAma hai- usa rokane se vidheyAtmakatA ko paidA krnaa| saMvara meM mana ko rokA jAtA hai apathya para tanAvapUrvaka nhiiN| yadi tanAva rahegA to TUTana hogI, apane se lar3anA hogaa| jahA~ TUTana aura lar3anA hogA vahA~ saMyama nahIM ho sktaa| jIbha ko kATa dene se AhAra ke rasa se nivRtti nahIM hogI, balki nivRtti hogI taba jaba hamArI vRtti antara kI ora mur3a jaayegii| bahirAtmA se antarAtmA kI ora jAnA hI saMyama hai| bAhya indriyA~ sthUla padArtha se jur3atI haiM aura antara indriyAM AtmA se jur3atI haiM, jise hama atIndriya zakti kahate haiN| atIndriya zakti ko jAgrata karanA hI saMyama kI vidhAyaka dRSTi hai| RddhiyA~, siddhiyA~ isI atIndriya zakti kI dena haiN| isa atIndriya zakti ko pAne ke lie mana ko anuzAsita karanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai aura mana ko anuzAsita karane ke lie icchA, AhAra, indriya, zarIra, vacana Adi ko anuzAsita kiyA jAtA hai| ina sabhI vRttiyoM kA pArasparika sambandha hai, eka-dUsare se ve jur3I huI haiN| icchA prANI kA lakSaNa hai| mana kI caJcalatA hamArI icchA para hI nirbhara karatI hai| icchA se hI pramAda aura kaSAya kA janma hotA hai| sArI icchAyeM hamArI nAbhi ke AsapAsa jAgrata hotI haiN| yahI avirati kA kendra hai, caturtha guNasthAna hai| yaha cetanA jaba nAbhi se nAsAgra taka bhramaNa karatI hai, taba use prANapuruSa kahA jAtA hai aura jaba vaha bhRkuTi se Upara vicaraNa karatI hai to use prajJApuruSa mAna liyA jAtA hai| nimna kendra para cetanA kI sakriyatA nimna vRttiyoM ko janma deMgI aura jaise-jaise ve Upara ke kendroM meM jAyeMgI, hamArI vRttiyA~ zubha se zubhatara kI ora bar3hatI jAyeMgI, isI ko hama antarmukhI vRtti kaha sakate haiN| kendroM ko niyantrita karanA isI antarmukhI vRtti se sambhava hotA hai| ___ zarIra kSaNabhaMgura aura anitya hai, apavitra hai para hamArI bAhya indriyoM kI kAryazIlatA usI para nirbhara karatI hai| unakI apanI sImA hai, icchA hai, vyavasthA hai jise ve pAra nahIM kara sktiiN| jaba taka unakI sakriyatA rahegI, antara indriyoM kI AvAja sunAI nahIM degii| antara kI isa AvAja ko sunane ke lie kAyotsarga, Asana, 2010_03

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bandha, vyAyAma aura prANAyAma karanA par3atA hai| nirAsakta hokara sAdhaka ina sAdhanoM kA upayoga kara zarIra kI azucitA aura anityatA para cintana karatA hai| sAmAjikatA ke lie vacana zakti eka mahattvapUrNa kendra hai, jIvana zakti kA eka anyatama sAdhana hai| vacana kA sambandha mana se hotA hai aura phira zarIra se usakI abhivyakti hotI hai| bhAvoM kI duniyA~ se zarIra apane Apako bacA nahIM sktaa| krodhAdi bhAva zarIra meM kahIM na kahIM prakaTa ho jAte haiN| bhAvoM ke anusAra hI hama uccAraNa karate haiM, japa karate haiM aura omAdi bIjAkSaroM kI punarukti se UrjA kA adhigrahaNa karate haiN| isalie zarIra kI zuddhi ke sAtha hI vacana kI bhI zuddhi honI caahie| vAkzuddhi saMyama kA hI aMga hai| mana hamArI vRtti aura pravRtti ke anusAra daur3atA hai, kabhI-kabhI na cAhate hue bhI mAnasika vRtti ke kAraNa zarIra aura vacana kI pravRtti ho jAtI hai| bhAvanA, saMskAra aura vRtti se mana para aneka taraha ke citra banate rahate haiN| mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga se Asrava ke jharane phUTate rahate haiN| saMkalpa kI dRr3hatA aura ekAgratA se ina jharanoM ko sukhAyA jAnA atyAvazyaka hai| purAne saMskAra aura AdatoM kI prakriyA dhyAna se badalI jA sakatI hai| Adata svabhAva nahIM hai, jise hama badala nahIM skte| AdatoM ko saMyama ke mAdhyama se badalA jA sakatA hai, AdhyAtmika cintana aura AtmAnubhUti ke prayoga se AdatoM se chuTakArA pAyA jA sakatA hai, yahI saMyama kI zakti hai| sandarbha .. vayasamidikasAyANaM daMDANaM iMdiyANa pNcnnhN| dhAraNa-pAlaNa-Niggaha-cAya-jao saMjamo bhnnio|| - paMcasaMgaho (prA0) 1.127. .. vadasamidipAlaNAe daMDaccoeNa iNdiyjyenn| pariNamamANassa puNo saMjamadhammo have nniymaa|| - bA0aNu0 76. prANIndriyeSvazubhapravRttevirati: saMyamaH / sa0si0 6.12. saMjamo nAma uvaramo rAgaddosavirahiyassa egibhAve bhvitti| dazavai0 cU0, pR0 15. saMyamastu prANAtipAtAdinivRttilakSaNaH / dhyA0za070 68. .. dharmopabRMhaNArthaM samitiSu vartamAnasya praannendriyprihaarssNymH| sa0si0, 9.6. ___ 2010_03

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svastha honA hI uttama tapa hai tapa aura AdhyAtmika svAsthya saMyama jitanA gaharA hogA tapa utanA hI svaccha hogaa| abhI taka siddhAnta kI bAta calatI rahI, aba tapa se vyavahAra kI bAta prArambha hotI hai| zarIra ko mAtra kaSTa dete rahanA tapa nahIM hai| tapa to vaha hai jahA~ sAdhaka svastha hokara, mana kA mArjana karane cala par3atA hai| tapa kA kAma hai saMcita karmoM kI nirjarA karanA aura vartamAna meM karmoM ko saMcita na hone denaa| jisa prakAra mAlI palAza ke pattoM meM Ama rakhakara, pAla lagAkara Ama ko samaya se pahale pakA detA hai usI prakAra tapa se karmoM ke phala ko samaya se pUrva hI nirjIrNa kara diyA jAtA hai| jJAna kA sAra AcAra hai, dharma kA sAra zAnti hai aura jIvana kA sAra svAsthya hai| zvAsa para hI yaha svAsthya nirbhara karatA hai| bhAva, mana, aura zarIra ke mAdhyama se svAsthya kI sahI sthiti kA patA cala jAtA hai| inako hama kramaza: AdhyAtmika, mAnasika aura zArIrika svAsthya kaha sakate haiN| mana ke tanAva aura zarIra kI vyAdhiyA~ to dikhAI detI haiM, para bhAvoM kA darzana nahIM hotA, ve sUkSmatama huA karate haiN| hama zArIrika svAsthya para dhyAna dete haiM, use ThIka karane ke lie taraha-taraha kI davAyeM lete haiM, para bhAva-svAsthya para dhyAna nahIM dete| honA cAhie ki hama AdhyAtmika svAsthya para vizeSa dhyAna deN| __ AdhyAtmika svAsthya ke bAdhaka tattva haiM- AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura prigrh| ye tattva ananta bAdhAoM aura vipattiyoM ko Amantrita karate haiM, jinheM tapasvI zAnta mana se aura Atmabala se sahana karate haiN| use yadi koI kor3e bhI lagAye to vaha prasanna mana se saha letA hai| AcArAGga Adi Agama granthoM meM kahA gayA hai ki kAma ke jAgrata hone para cha: AlambanoM kA upayoga karanA cAhie- anazana, rasaparityAga, Unodara, grAmAnugamana aura sNklp-privrtn| dhyAna ke sAtha ina AlambanoM kA upayoga karane para isa prakAra kI bAdhAyeM svata: zAnta ho jAtI haiN| tapa ke sAtha AhAra saMyama gaharAI ke sAtha jur3A hai| yahA~ saMyamita AhAra kA prayoga eka vizeSa abhyAsa ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| jihvA ke sAtha cInI, namaka aura 2010_03

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101 cikanAI kA svAda aura unake bane vyaJjanoM kA prayoga eka sAdhAraNa gRhastha kaise bhUla sakatA hai? para tapasvI unase dUra rahatA hai| svAda kI Asakti se mukta tapasvI hI sahI sAdhanA kara pAtA hai| aneka taraha ke AyaMbala, upavAsa aura AtApanAyeM tapasvI kiyA karatA hai| vaha strI, bhakta (AhAra), deza aura rAja vikathAoM se bhI mukta rahatA hai, kyoMki ina vikathAoM meM sAMsArika vAsanAyeM bharI rahatI haiN| rAga, dveSa, krodha, ahaMkAra aura kAma Adi bhAvoM se otaprota ye kathAyeM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM bAdhaka bana sakatI haiM, tapasvI ke manako AkarSita kara sakatI haiN| ata: tapasvI unase dUra rahatA hai| Aja sArA saMsAra bhautikatA kI cakAcauMdha meM AkaNTha DUba rahA hai| use svayaM ke bAhara kI cintA to hai, para antara kI cintA usameM dikhAI nahIM detii| hara kSetra cAhe vaha rAjanItika ho yA vyApArika, sAmAjika ho yA zaikSaNika,bhraSTAcAra se AkaNTha DUbA huA hai| use AdhyAtmikatA kI ora jhAMkane kI bhI icchA nahIM hotii| yadi kucha karatA bhI hai, to mAtra pAkhaNDa yA bAharI dikhAvA rahatA hai| hA~, yadi hama AdhyAtmika kA artha antara yA bhItara kareM, to jo bhI pratikriyAyeM hotI haiM, cAhe ve ahaMkAra ho yA kaSAya, saba kucha AdhyAtmika kahalAyeMgI, kyoMki unakA astitva bhItara rahatA hai| saMtoSa, asaMtoSa, tRSNA Adi sabhI tattva antarjagata ke tattva haiN| ye tattva pratikriyAyeM haiN| inakA jhukAva vRttiyoM athavA kriyAoM kI ora rahatA hai| jo bhI jhukAva hotA hai, vaha pratikriyA kA phala hai| vRtti kA artha kriyA hai| kriyA dhyAna ke dvArA jAnI jAtI hai| AcaraNa, vyavahAra Adi pratikriyAyeM haiN| dhyAna ke mAdhyama se hI sAdhaka apane Apako cetanA-jagat meM calA jAtA hai| tapa aura sAdhaka dhyAna vastutaH citta ko badalane kI eka kriyA hai, eka jIvana paddhati hai, jahA~ viveka jAgrata ho jAtA hai aura badalAva zuru ho jAtA hai| sAdhaka kAyotsarga aura sAmAyika Adi ke mAdhyama se Atmacintana karatA hai, saMsAra cintana karatA hai aura vizuddhi prApta karane kA prayatna karatA hai| yahI usakI yathArtha sAdhanA hai| sAdhanA kA prANa hai-vivekapUrvaka kiyA gayA tapa, jisase hamArI suSupta zaktiyA~ jAgrata hotI haiM aura Atma se paramAtma avasthA ko prApta hotI haiN| yaha tapa samyak ho, ratnatraya se saMyukta ho tabhI sArthaka hotA hai, anyathA zarIra ko kRza karanA korI mUrkhatA mAnI jAtI hai, karmoM kI nirjarA usase nahIM hotii| tAmalI ne sATha hajAra varSa taka aisA hI tapa kiyA, jo Atmadarzanaparaka nahIM thaa| ise bAlatapa kahA jAtA hai| samyagjJAna ke binA kiyA gayA tapa tapa nahIM hai| kar3akar3AtI dhUpa meM AtApanA lenA, vRkSa-zAkhA se auMdhe laTakanA, eka paira yA zIrSAsana ke bala para khar3e rahanA, chAtI taka bhUmi meM gar3e rahanA, kAI yA tRNa mAtra khAkara bane rahanA, nAsAgra taka jala meM khar3e rahanA Adi 2010_03

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102 tapasyAyeM zarIra ko mAtra kaSTa denA hai, yadi usase samyagjJAna yA viveka na jur3A huA ho| yathArtha tapa antarmukhI hotA hai aura paramAtma avasthA ko pAne ke saMkalpa ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva ne chadmAvasthA meM eka hajAra varSa taka tapa kiyaa| anya tIrthaGkaroM ne bhI isa prakAra tapa kara apane karmoM kI nirjarA kii| mahAvIra ne bAraha varSa kI utkRSTa sAdhanA kI, jisameM 349 dina hI AhAra grahaNa kiyaa| unake ziSyoM meM dhannA anagAra jaise mahAduSkarakAraka ugra tapasvI the, jinhoMne muktAvalI, ekAvalI, AyaMbila, bhikSupratimA, sarvatobhadrapratimA Adi aneka prakAra ke tapa kiye aura nirvANa prApta kiyaa| tapa vastutaH AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA Alambana hai / usameM jaba triyoga ke paramANu tathA taijasa aura kArmaNa ke ati sUkSma paramANu utpanna hote haiM, taba pariNAmoM meM nirmalatA AtI hai, viSaya- kaSAyoM kA zamana hotA hai aura karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| yaha vastutaH eka antaryAtrA hai jo sthUla se sUkSma kI ora hotI hai / AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra viSaya aura kaSAya-bhAva kA nigraha kara dhyAna aura svAdhyAya ke dvArA AtmA kI bhAvanA karanA tapa hai / umAsvAmI ne pUjyapAda aura akalaMka ne bAhya aura Abhyantara tapoM kA jikra karate hue likhA hai ki karmakSaya ke lie jo tapA jAtA hai use tapa kahate haiN| kumAra kArtikeya ne samabhAvapUrvaka jo kAya kleza kiyA jAtA hai, use tapa kahA hai| abhayadevasUri aura siddhasenasUri ke mata meM jisase rakta, mAMsa Adi tapatA hai, vaha tapa hai| tapa meM cetanA kA tapAva hotA hai| usameM dhyAna, dhyAtA aura dhyeya tInoM mila jAte haiN| unakA yaha milana binA agni parIkSA ke nahIM hotA hai| ratnatraya kA pAlana bhI tapa hI hai yA yoM kahie ki mukti prApti ke lie ratnatraya ke sAtha-sAtha tapa bhI karanA par3atA hai| svarNa kI parakha tApana se hI ho pAtI hai| binA agni meM DAle usakI vizuddhatA nahIM jAnI jaatii| apane ko agni meM DAlakara hI sonA sau caTa hokara sAmane AtA hai aura AbhUSaNa banakara apane ko prastuta karatA hai| dUdha ko tapAkara malAI banAyI jAtI hai| isI taraha tapa ko dhauMkanI kI bhI upamA dI gaI hai| jIvana rUpI lauha tattva ko tapa rUpI dhauMkanI se dhauMkakara tapAyA jAtA hai, taba kahIM vaha svarNa bana pAtA hai| isalie sAdhanA ke kSetra meM tapa ke mahattva ko sabhI ne svIkArA hai / tapa eka UrjA hai tapa karane ke pIche do prakAra kI mAnasikatA hotI hai-- eka to pUrvopArjita karmoM kI nirjarA karanA aura dUsarI zarIra ko kaSTa dekara sukha kI AkAMkSA karanA / AkAMkSA ke sAtha tapa kA koI sambandha nahIM hai| duHkha to koI bhI prANI nahIM cAhatA para sukha 2010_03

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103 kI lAlasA meM vaha duHkha pAne se baca bhI nahIM pAtA aura samyagjJAna na hone ke kAraNa kAyika duHkha meM bhI vaha sukha kA anubhava karatA hai / jo Age calakara vaha eka Adata ke rUpa meM mana meM ghara kara jAtA hai| tapa kA sambandha svayaM se lar3anA nahIM hai / yadi tapasvI svayaM se lar3atA hai to vaha tapa kA vikRta rUpa hai, Atmadamana hai aura Atmadamana tapa ho nahIM sakatA hai| usameM to jisa vRtti kA damana kiyA jAyegA vaha prakSepita hokara aura bhI vikRta rUpa meM sAmane AyegI / prAcIna AgamoM meM 'indriyadamI' jaise zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| vahA~ vastutaH damana kA artha vRtti ko dabAnA nahIM hai, zamana karanA thA aura yaha zamana kiyA nahIM jAtA hai, ho jAtA hai| isameM tapasvI viparIta vRtti se lar3atA nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi vaha lar3egA to apratyakSa rUpa meM usI ora khiMcatA calA jaayegaa| kAma yA dhana se lar3ane vAle tapasvI kA khiMcAva usI ora bar3hatA jaayegaa| phalataH prakRti se vaha vikRti kI ora jAyegA, saMskRti taka nahIM pahu~ca paayegaa| saMskRti taka pahu~cane ke lie use vikRtiyoM se Upara uThanA hogaa| dhyAna ke adhyayana se una vRttiyoM ko zakti ke rUpa meM pariNata karanA hogA / kAmavAsanA kA kendra zarIra kA sabase nIce kA bhAga hai jahA~ hama prakRti se jur3e haiN| hamArA dhyAna vahA~ na hokara yadi sahasrAra cakra para ho to tapa se eka UrjA milegI, jo sAdhaka ko vikRtiyoM se bacA sakegI, zakti ko rUpAntarita kara skegii| tapa ko agni bhI kahA gayA hai| agni UrdhvagAminI hotI hai / antara kI isa agni kA svabhAva bhI Upara uThanA hai| ise yadi hamane sahI mArga de diyA to yaha sahasrAra cakra taka pahu~ca jAyegI, kyoMki usa mArga para Adata kA koI nAmonizAna nahIM rahatA / Adata svabhAva nahIM hai| Adata to hama svayaM nirmita karate haiM aura jisakA nirmANa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sthAyI nahIM hotaa| isalie Adata se mukta huA jA sakatA hai| vaha zarIra aura mana ke bIca eka sulaha hai, jisase vyakti bAra-bAra usa para dhyAna detA hai, punarAvRtti karatA hai aura phira Adata kA nirmANa kara letA hai / punarAvRtti kA rasa mana meM na ho to Adata se mukta honA kaThina nahIM hai / zarIra ko to hama apane anusAra mor3a sakate haiN| asalI prazna hai mana kI caMcala gati ko roknaa| mana kI daur3a se hI Adata banatI hai| tapa Adata nahIM hai, dhyAna ke mAdhyama se apane mUla svabhAva ko prApta karanA hai, kendra ko badalanA hai| mahAvIra ne tapa ko isIlie UrjA kahA hai ki samyak rUpa se tapasvI usa UrjA ko prApta kara letA hai aura usake krodhAdi vikAra zAnta ho jAte haiM, mana zItalatA kA anubhava karatA hai / zarIra ko kRza karanA tapa nahIM hai, mana ko kRza karanA tapa hai, sahI mana se zarIra ko kRza kara usa UrjA se sambandha sthApita kanA tapa hai| yaha UrjA hI AbhAmaNDala hai, jo hamAre zarIra ke bAhara hamAre bhAvoM ke anusAra vartula rUpa meM banA rahatA hai| ise hI hamAre granthoM meM sUkSma zarIra kahA gayA hai| yoga meM cakroM kI sArI vyavasthA isI sUkSma 2010_03

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104 zarIra se hotI hai| yahI sakSma zarIra vAstavika zarIra kahA jAnA cAhie, kyoMki dRzya zarIra kA kSaraNa hotA jAtA hai, naSTa ho jAtA hai para adRzya sUkSma zarIra kabhI naSTa nahIM hotA, prANa-UrjA naSTa nahIM hotii| vaha zarIra se bAhara nikalakara naye zarIra kI khoja karatI hai aura yaha khoja bhAvoM yA karmoM ke anusAra hotI hai| isI ko punarjanma kahate haiN| tapa ke prakAra jaina dharma meM tapa ko do rUpoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai- bAhya tapa aura aabhyntrtp| tapa ke ye do hisse haiN| bAhara se antara meM jAnA isakA uddezya hai| isalie ye donoM prakriyAyeM sAtha-sAtha calatI haiN| bAhya tapa karanA mithyA tapa mAnA gayA hai| bAhya tapa hai- anazana, Unodara, vRttisaMkSepa, rasa-parityAga, kAya-kleza aura vivikta shyyaasn| AgamoM meM ina tapoM kA vistRta varNana milatA hai| vahA~ kanakAvalI, ekAvalI Adi vividha prakAra ke tapoM kA ullekha huA hai| ina tapoM meM bAhyatapa ke binA Abhyantara tapa adhika kAryakArI nahIM hotA, bhItarI Atmatattva ko sakriya karane ke lie zarIra ko tapAnA hI par3atA hai|duudh ko tapAne ke lie bartana kI jarUrata par3atI hI hai| ina tapoM ko saMkSepa meM hama nimna prakAra se samajha sakate haiN| bAhyatapa anazana kA tAtparya hai acAnaka bhojana se nivRtti arthAt upvaas| bhojana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai zarIra ko susthira rakhane ke lie| jaba bhojana banda kara diyA jAtA hai taba zarIra apane bhItara hI rahane vAlI carbI ko apanA bhojana banA letA hai| isalie kahA jAtA hai ki nabbe dina taka vyakti bhojana ke binA raha sakatA hai| yaha eka saMkaTakAlIna prAkRtika vyavasthA hai| sAta-ATha dina ke bAda bhUkha bhI samAptaprAya ho jAtI hai, kyoMki zarIra apane hI bhItara se bhojana lenA zurU kara detA hai| bhojana lene aura chor3ane ke bIca ke saMkramaNa kAla para cintana karanA anazana kA uddezya hai| isa cintana meM "maiM zarIra nahIM hU~" para gaharAI se vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| zarIra ke sAtha bhojana kA tAdAtmya sambandha hai| jitanA adhika bhojana hogA, zarIra para utanA hI adhika dhyAna jaayegaa| isa tAdAtmya sambandha se phira nidrA Ane lagatI hai| bhojana ke bAda nIMda ke Ane kA yahI kAraNa hai| anazana karane se nIMda nahIM AyegI, jAgaraNa hogaa| jo UrjA AhAra ke pAcana meM laga rahI thI vaha aba cintana meM laga jaayegii| isalie anazanakAla meM zarIra kI asthiratA para cintana karanA Avazyaka hai| isa sandarbha meM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki anazana karane vAle kA bhojana bhI sAtvika honA caahie| tAmasika bhojana se kAmoddIpana hotA hai| mAMsa bhakSaNa se kAma aura rAga adhika bar3hate haiM, pAcana kriyA para bhI jora par3atA hai| isalie pUrNa zAkAhArI honA tapasvI ke lie eka zarta hai| yaha bhI zarta hai ki anazana karane vAlA AhAra 2010_03

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105 para cintana na kare, anyathA usakA avyakta mana AhAra para hI daur3atA rahegA aura svapna meM bhI use AhAra - bhojana hI dikhAI detA rahegA / usa sthiti meM vyakti mana kA dAsa ho jAyegA aura anazana kAryakArI nahIM ho paayegaa| yaha prAmANikatA hamAre mana meM honI caahie| saMkalpa honA caahie| yahA~ use Adata nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| Adata meM cintana nahIM hogA, isalie anazana kA tyAga hI ekAyaka nahIM hotaa| anazana ke bAda tapasvI avagraha letA hai ki yadi aisA- aisA hogA to hI vaha bhojana grahaNa karegA, anyathA nahIM / yaha anizcitatA prakRti para chUTa jAtI hai| isameM AhAra se koI lagAva nahIM rahatA, basa eka prAmANikatA rahatI hai, saMkalpa rahatA hai| usameM jIveSaNA nahIM rahatI / anazana jIveSaNA ko tyAgane kA dvAra hai, indriya saMyamana kA upAya hai| jIvana AhAra ke lie nahIM hai, AhAra jIvana ke lie hai| yahI udghoSaNA anazana kA uddezya hai| - anazana ke bAda bAhyatapa meM Unodara kA nAma AtA hai, jisakA artha hai- * bhUkha se kama khAnA yA parimita khAnA / isako avamaudarya aura avamodarikA bhI kahA jAtA hai| svastha puruSa kA AhAra battIsa kavala kA hotA hai, strI kA aTThAIsa kA aura napuMsaka kA caubIsa kavala kA hotA hai| Unodara kA tAtparya hai ikkIsa kavala se adhika nahIM khAnA / bahuta sAre kAma hama apanI Adata ke anusAra karate haiM aura vahI Adata eka svabhAva kA rUpa grahaNa kara letI hai| pratyeka indriya kA eka udara hai, sImA hai, usase adhika use yadi diyA jAyegA to usakI kSamatA kama ho jAtI hai| prakRti kA santulana bigar3a jAtA hai, asvAbhAvika ho jAtA hai| Adata se vAsanAyeM jAgatI haiN| bhUkha yadi Adata bana jAye to vaha svAbhAvika bhUkha nahIM hogii| anazana se jhUThI bhUkha TUTatI hai aura Unodara se vAstavika bhUkha ubharatI hai| usa vAstavika bhUkha meM bhI kama khAnA Unodara tapa hai| isa tapa meM icchA ko sAmarthya ke bhItara rokA jAtA hai (yadi sAmarthya ke bAhara vaha calA jAtA hai, to Apa usake adhIna bana jAte haiM, jisakA pariNAma mAtra viSAda hI hotA hai / ata: kisI bhI indriya ko carama sImA taka nahIM jAne denA caahie| carama taka pahu~cane ke pahale hI usase haTa jAnA Unodara tapa hai / yaha tapa santulana kA pratIka hai| tIsarA tapa hai vRtti saMkSepa / isakA tAtparya hai apanI vRttiyoM aura icchAoM ko saMkSipta karanA, sImita karanA yA kendrita karanA / ' icchA hu AgAsasamA aNaMtiyA', icchAyeM AkAza ke samAna ananta hotI haiN| sabhI ko paripuSTa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH una para saMyama kara vyartha meM bahane vAlI UrjA ko roka lenA caahie| saMkSepa kA tAtparya hai - sikor3anA / yadi icchAoM ko sikor3akara kendra para sImita kara diyA jAye aura usake phailane ke lie buddhi kA prayoga kiyA jAye to icchAyeM svataH samApta hone lagatI haiN| mana ko ekAgra kara isa phailAva ko rokanA hI vRtti saMkSepa hai / indriyoM kA upayoga kama se kama honA caahie| usase svAnubhUti meM tIvratA AtI hai aura prajJA kA 2010_03

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106 prakAza phaila jAtA hai| vRtti ko kendrita karane ke bAda rasa parityAga hotA hai| rasa-parityAga kA tAtparya madhura, Amla, tikta, kaSAyalA aura lavaNa meM se kisI rasa yA rasoM kA parityAga karanA mAtra nahIM hai| asalI bAta hai rasa parityAga kara usake svAda se mana ko alaga kara denaa| vastu to svAda kA nimitta mAtra hai| yadi antara usase jur3A na ho to svAda AyegA hI nhiiN| mRtyu aura miSThAnna donoM sAmane hoM to miSThAnna kA svAda AyegA kaise? na miThAI kA mIThApana gayA hai aura na indriya kI svAda grahaNazIlatA kama huI hai, para mana use pakar3ane kI sthiti meM nahIM hai| ata: rasa parityAga kara mana ko vaza meM karanA Avazyaka hai| anyathA vaha aura bhI vega se AkramaNa kara sakatA hai| mana bAra-bAra svAda ko lenA cAhatA hai para cetanA yadi usase nahIM jur3I hai to mana bhI kyA karegA? rasa-svAda se mukta hone ke lie kabhI-kabhI dUsare rasa ko le lete haiM, namaka chor3akara use sthAna para mIThA grahaNa karane lagate haiN| para yaha to beimAnI hai| isase hama sthAnapUrti hI karate haiN| manovaijJAnikoM kA kahanA hai ki jina baccoM ko pyAra nahIM milatA, mA~ kA dUdha nahIM milatA ve aMgUThA cUsane lagate haiM aura vahI bar3e hokara sigareTa pIne lagate haiN| ekAkIpana ko dUra karane ke lie zarAba aura sigareTa kA sAtha lene lagate haiN| ata: cetanA ke sahayoga se mana ko rokA jAnA caahie| rasa-parityAga ke bAda kAyakleza hai, jise parISaha yA upasarga kahA jAtA hai| isameM zarIra ko kaSTa nahIM diyA jAtA, balki zarIra se tAdAtmya chor3A jAtA hai| tAdAtmya chor3ane ke lie kabhI-kabhI sAdhaka kaSTa Amantrita karatA hai aura kabhI prakRti se svabhAvata: jo milatA hai use sahatA hai| prakRti se jo duHkha milatA hai use sAdhaka prasannatApUrvaka svIkAra karatA hai aura japa, tapa Adi ke mAdhyama se kaSToM ko Amantrita kara zarIra se rAga chor3atA hai| kAyotsarga, vIrAsana, pratimAsana, daMDAsana Adi dhAraNa kara zarIra se mamatva ko tyAgane kI prakriyA kI jAtI hai| kezaluMcana bhI unameM eka hai| kAya-kleza se kisI prakAra ke sukha kI akAMkSA nahIM hotI balki usa duHkhAnubhava se duHkha se mukti hotI hai| kAya-kleza saMlInatA kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| saMlInatA kA asalI artha hai sva meM lIna ho jaanaa| sva meM lIna hone ke lie kucha sIr3hiyA~ pAra karanI par3atI haiN| sabase pahalI aura mukhya sIr3hI hai- zarIra ko halana-calana kriyA se mukta krnaa| kAya-kleza yA tapa karate samaya zarIra sthira rahanA caahie| mAnasika vyagratA hogI to hAtha-paira cleNge| krodha meM nathune phUlanA, A~khe lAla honA vyagratA kA pariNAma hai| kamara ko jhukAkara baiThanA, dIvAla se Tika jAnA hamArI vyagratA kA hI pradarzana hai| isa vyagratA aura bahucittatA ko rokanA Avazyaka hai| yahA~ saMlInatA kA tAtparya hai samyak nirIkSaNa 2010_03

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karanA, svayaM meM lIna ho jAnA, AtmaramaNa krnaa| saMlIna kA pratipakSI zabda hai tallIna honaa| tallIna hone meM vyakti ke sAmane koI dasarA padArtha rahatA hai, jisameM vaha svayaM ko samarpita kara detA hai| yaha eka prakAra se AtmasamarpaNa hai| mahAvIra kA mArga AtmasamarpaNa kA nahIM, AtmaramaNa kA hai| hamAre bhItara eka aura yantra mAnava yA roboTa baiThA hai jo yantravat kAma kara rahA hai| avadhAna ho jAne para vahI kAma karatA hai| mAtR bhASA bhI isI kA pariNAma hai| vaha bacapana meM roboTa taka pahu~ca jAtI hai, phira mUrcchita avasthA meM bhI vahI punarukta hotI hai| avadhAna kA rahasya bhI isI se jur3A huA hai| pratisaMlInatA meM AtmazAnti milatI hai, vidheyaka bhAva jAgrata hote haiN| sAdhaka isase antara meM praveza karatA hai| bAhyatapa ke prathama pA~ca bheda zakti ko ekatrita karate haiM aura pratisaMlInatA sAdhaka ko antara meM praveza karA detA hai jisase Atmazakti kA pravAha svayaM kI ora mur3a jAtA hai| yahIM se saMvara kI yAtrA zuru hotI hai| isalie ise 'saMyama' aura 'gupti' bhI kahA jAtA hai| ise spaSTa karane ke lie kacchapa kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka pA~ca indriya, cAra kaSAya, tIna yoga aura vivikta-zayyAnAsagoM kA kacchapa kI taraha gopana kre| yahI pratisaMlInatA hai| yaha antara tapa yA Abhyantara tapa ke lie vastuta: dvAra kahA jAnA caahie| Abhyantara tapa ___ Abhyantara tapa ke chaH bheda haiM- prAyazcita, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura vyutsrg| prAyazcitta kA tAtparya hai prAya: logoM ke mana meM Aye doSoM ko dUra karane kI prkriyaa| yaha prathama antara isalie rakhA gayA hai ki isameM sAdhaka sabase pahale svayaM kI galatI ko dekhe| sAdhAraNata: galatI hone para kabhI karma para AropaNa kara diyA jAtA hai to kabhI paristhiti para, svayaM ko nahIM dekhte| isameM svayaM ke dvArA svayaM meM hI nihArA jAtA hai| dUsare kI galatI para dhyAna na dekara svayaM ko galata svIkAra kara lenaa| isa svIkRti se ahaMkAra kA dalana hotA hai aura AtmajAgaraNa kA saMkalpa zurU hotA hai| prAyazcitta ko pazcAttApa nahIM kahA jAnA caahie| pazcAtApa meM Apane jo kiyA usake lie saMtApa vyakta kiyA jAtA hai, para svayaM ko dekhA nahIM jaataa| pazcAttApa meM ahaMkAra kI tRpti hotI hai, kI huI bhUla para kSamA-yAcanA kI jAtI hai, para prAyazcitta meM vyakti usase bhI Age socatA hai ki vaha galatI usI kI hai| isase svayaM ke bhItara jhA~kane kA avasara milatA hai, use kSamA karane kA bhI dhyAna nahIM karanA pdd'taa| yahA~ to paramAtmA bhI vyartha ho jAtA hai| isameM to Atma svIkRti mukhya hai, doSoM se vigalita hone kI prakriyA hai| darpa, pramAda, anAbhoga, Atura, bhaya Adi ke kAraNa vratoM kI sAdhanA meM doSa A jAte haiN| prAyazcitta se ina doSoM kI zuddhi kI jAtI hai| inakI zuddhi ke ___ 2010_03

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108 upAya haiM- alocanA, pratikramaNa, tadubhayArha, viveka, vyutsarga, tapa, dIkSA cheda, puna: dIkSA-grahaNa (upasthApanA), anavasthApya aura paaraaNcikaaii| pramAdajanya doSoM kI zuddhi ke lie ina mArgoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ___ sAdhaka prAyazcitta meM sArI galatI kA AropaNa svayaM para kara letA hai ki yadi aisA nahIM hotA to use aisA nahIM karanA pdd'taa| usakA dhyAna yahA~ taka ki svayaM ke atIta janmoM para calA jAtA hai ki usane pUrvajanmoM meM bhI isI prakAra bhUleM kI hoNgii| isa sahaja svIkRti se Atma-vizuddhi bar3ha jAtI hai aura naye-naye dvAra udghATita ho jAte haiN| prAyazcitta ke bAda vinaya AtA hai| vinaya binA ahaMkAra-nAza ke nahIM aataa| isameM dUsare ke durguNa ko dekhane meM na rasa rahatA hai aura na svayaM ko sajjana pramANita karane kI aakaaNkssaa| yaha to eka vidheyAtmaka guNa hai, jahA~ ahaMkAra kA koI bhAva hI nahIM hai| isameM yaha bhI nahIM dekhA jAtA hai ki sAmane khar3A vyakti apane se choTA hai yA bdd'aa| apane se zreSTha yA bar3e vyakti kA Adara karanA vyAvahArika vinaya hai, kyoMki apane se choTe yA nikRSTa vyakti kA phira anAdara bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| para vinaya tapa meM aisA nahIM hotaa| vahA~ to Adara diyA nahIM jAtA, ho jAtA hai| tulanA kA koI sthAna vinaya meM nahIM hai| vaha to eka Antarika guNa hai, vizuddhi hai| vinaya-tapa karane vAlA galatI karane vAle ke karmoM para vicAra karegA ki karmoM ke kAraNa use aisA karanA pdd'aa| doSa usakA nahIM usake karmoM kA hai| ata: karma karane vAle kA anAdara kyoM kiyA jAye? vyAvahArika vinaya ke Age kA kadama hai vinaya-tapa, jahA~ saba kucha svayaM para DAla diyA jAtA hai, tAki kisI prakAra kA ahaMkAra na A ske| isa prakAra jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura upacAra ke mAdhyama se vinaya sampannatA A pAtI hai| vaiyAvRtya kA artha hai-sevaa| rogI, vRddha, glAna Adi kI niHsvArtha bhAva se sevA karanA vaiyAvRtti hai| yaha vaiyAvRtti vastuta: atIta karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie hotI hai| isakA sambandha bhaviSya se nahIM hai| bhaviSya to svabhAvata: Atmavizuddhi ke kAraNa mokSa prApaka hogA para vaha sAdhya nahIM hai| sAdhyatA hai, atIta karmoM kI nirjraa| isalie gaharAI se vicAra karane para yaha samajha meM AyegA ki jainadharma meM dayA aura paNya ko bhI karmabandhana kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| IsAI Adi dharmoM meM sevA ko paramAtmA kI prApti se jor3A gayA hai, para jainadharma ne usakA sUtra bhaviSya se na jor3akara atIta se jor3A hai, kyoMki koI svArtha usase na jur3A rahe anyathA ahaMkAra uTha khar3A hogaa| isalie vaiyAvRtti ko uttama sevA mAnA gayA hai| isa sevA meM na vAsanA kI koI gandha rahatI hai aura na usameM kisI prakAra kA rasa rahatA hai| yaha to eka auSadhi hai, jisase dUsare kA roga miTA diyA jAtA hai| sAdhaka ke mana meM kartRtva kA bhAva nahIM rhtaa| isa sevA ke kSetra meM AcArya, upAdhyAya, sthavira, tapasvI, rogI, navadIkSita, kula (ziSya samudAya), 2010_03

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109 gaNa, saMgha aura sAdharmika (samanojJa), niHsvArtha hone se yaha vaiyAvRtti antara-tapa hai aura karma-nirjarA kA kAraNa banatI hai| svAdhyAya kA tAtparya hai- svayaM kA adhyyn| yahA~ svAdhyAya kA artha zAstroM kA adhyayana mAtra nahIM hai, usa para cintana kara Atma-zodhana karanA usakA lakSya hai| yaha svAdhyAya vastugata nahIM, Atmagata hotA hai| vastugata svAdhyAya sAdhana hai| padArtha ke svabhAva kA adhyayana kara usakI kSaNabhaMguratA para cintana honA caahie| korA jJAna to ahaMkAra kA kAraNa bana sakatA hai, para svAdhyAya se parama satya kA jJAna hotA hai, mUrchA vigalita hotI hai, mana maMjatA hai aura sAdhaka apramAdI hokara antara meM jhAMkane lagatA hai| yaha jhAMkane kI kriyA vAcanA, pRcchanA, anuprekSA, AmnAya aura dharmopadeza ke mAdhyama se svAdhyAya kI pravRtti jAgrata hotI hai aura AtmajAgaraNa hotA jAtA hai| isI eka ko jAnane se sabhI ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| pA~cavAM antara-tapa hai-dhyaan| dhyAna kA tAtparya hai mana ko ekAgra krnaa| mana prazasta aura aprazasta donoM bhAvoM kI ora jAtA hai| prazasta dhyAna kI carcA to sabhI ne kI hai, para aprazasta dhyAna kI ora mahAvIra ne hI hamArA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai| para padArtha kI ora citta ko daur3AnA aprazasta dhyAna hai| para padArtha sthira rUpa se kabhI prApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isalie yahA~ paramAtmA ko bhI asvIkAra kiyA gayA hai| prArthanA bhI jainadharma meM gauNa ho gaI hai, kyoMki prArthanA meM dUsare kI sahAyatA lI jAtI hai| jainadharma meM sahAyatA kI AvazyatA hI nahIM kI gaI hai| yahA~ to para padArthoM se sambandha samApta kiyA jAtA hai aura svabhAva meM sthira huA jAtA hai| isI ko sAmAyika kahA jAtA hai| sAmAyika meM samaya kA artha hai AtmA, zAstra aura kaal| ye tInoM artha apane Apa meM bar3e mahattvapUrNa ho jAte haiN| kAla kA sambandha cetanA kI gati se hai| padArtha meM lambAI-caur3AI-moTAI to hotI hai para acetana padArtha meM kAla para cintana karane kI zakti nahIM rhtii| yaha zakti cetana padArtha meM hotI hai aura cetana padArtha kA mana daur3atA rahatA hai, jo samaya ke binA sambhava nahIM hotaa| sAmAyika meM zAstra-svAdhyAya ke anusAra anubhUti kA jAgaraNa hotA hai, AtmA para cintana hotA hai aura cetanA kI gati ko sthira kiyA jAtA hai| aprazasta dhyAna meM mana Arta aura raudra bhAvoM para jAtA hai, krodhAdi vikAra bhAvoM kI ora mur3atA hai vahIM para prazasta dhyAna nahIM hai jahA~ mana para padArthoM se haTakara svabhAva meM sthira ho jAtA hai| prazasta dhyAna meM mana ko vizrAma nahIM diyA jAtA, kyoMki jahA~ vizrAma kI bAta AtI hai vahA~ mUrchA aura nidrA A hI jAtI hai| yahA~ to mana ko smaraNa ke mAdhyama se pRthak kiyA jAtA hai| pratikramaNa, jAtismaraNa aura smaraNa ke mAdhyama se dhyAtA svayaM 2010_03

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110 ko para padArthoM se pRthaka karake dekhatA hai| yahI bhedavijJAna hai| zabda aura artha para usakA mana saMkramaNa karatA rahatA hai| bAda meM yaha saMkramaNa banda ho jAtA hai aura padArtha kI eka hI paryAya para para dhyAna kendrita ho jAtA hai| dhyAna kI yaha dvitIya avasthA bar3I mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM kaSAya zAnta ho jAte haiM aura parama vItarAgatA pragaTa ho jAtI hai| isI ko pAribhASika zabda meM "ekatva-zruta-avicAra" kahA jAtA hai, jahA~ kevaladarzana aura kevalajJAna utpanna ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM sAre dvandva samApta ho jAte haiN| tIrthaGkaroM dvArA kathita upadezoM kA cintana-manana, anukaraNa karate hue AtmA aura zarIra ke pRthaktva para vicAra karate hue sAdhaka zukladhyAna para pahu~ca jAtA hai| arihanta parameSThI kI sthiti meM pahu~cane para sAdhaka ke nAma, gotra, vedanIya aura aghAtIya karmoM kI sthiti Ayukarma se adhika ho jAtI hai| use samAna karane ke lie kevalI apane AtmapradezoM ko samasta saMsAra meM phailA dete haiM aura Ayukarma kI sthiti ko barAbara zeSa aghAtIya karmoM kI sthiti meM kara lete haiN| bAda meM Atmapradeza pUrvavat zarIra meM praviSTa ho jAte haiN| isI ko samudaghAta kriyA kahA jAtA hai| isase sthUlakAya ke mAdhyama se sthUla manoyoga aura vacanayoga kA nirodha ho jAtA hai aura zvAsocchvAsa ke rUpa meM sUkSma kriyA baca jAtI hai| jaba vaha bhI samApta ho jAtI hai to kevalI zailezI avasthA ko prApta ho jAte haiN| isI ko caudahavA~ guNasthAna kahA jAtA hai| antara tapa kA antima bheda hai-kaayotsrg| zarIra se pUrNata: mamatva chor3a denA, zarIra ke rahate hae bhI usase cetanA ko dUra haTA lenA kAyotsarga hai| sAdhaka pratidina kAyotsarga karatA hai aura cetanA tathA zarIra ke bIca sthApita tAdAtmya ko vicchinna karane ke bhAva ko dRr3ha karatA hai| isa avasthA meM ahaMkAra, mamakAra, kaSAya Adi sabhI prakAra kI upadhiyoM kA vyutsarga ho jAtA hai| sahI mRtyu kI yahI taiyArI hai, yathArtha jJAna prApti kA yahI chora hai| maiM zarIra nahIM hU~, yaha bhAva dRr3hatara karane rahanA hI mRtyu kI taiyArI hai| maiM AtmA hU~, jJAna-darzanamaya hU~, jaise vidhAyaka bhAvoM ko cetanA meM sthira kara lenA hI kAyotsarga hai| kAyotsarga meM mRtyu kA bhaya samApta ho jAtA hai, mohanIya-karma kA vinAza ho jAtA hai aura pApa-puNya se pare, svarga-naraka se alaga mokSatattva ko prApta kara liyA jAtA hai| tapa kA AdhAra cAritrika vizaddhi tapa kA bhI eka krama hotA hai| use dhIre-dhIre bar3hAyA jAtA hai| jisakA lIvara kharAba ho jAtA hai usakI jaTharAgni ko uddIpta karane ke lie pahale mUMga kI dAla kA pAnI dete haiM aura phira dhIre-dhIre roTI vagairaha denA prArambha karate haiN| isI taraha tapa kI ora sAdhaka kramaza: bar3hatA calA jAtA hai aura antata: mokSa prApti taka pahu~ca jAtA hai| 2010_03

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111 isa uddezya kI prApti meM cAritrika vizuddhi eka Avazyaka tattva hai, jo tapasyA se usI taraha jur3A huA hai jisa taraha zarIra se tvcaa| isI prakAra mana ko vizuddha karane ke lie dhyAna-sAdhanA bhI kI jAtI hai, jisameM zarIra, zvAsocchavAsa Adi para cintana-manana kiyA jAtA hai| mana vizuddha na ho, mithyAtva se bharA ho to aise tapa ko tapa nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura na hI use AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA aMga hI mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki aisA tapa zarIra ko kaSTa dene ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai| isa prakAra mokSa kI sAdhanA meM tapoyoga kA sarvAdhika mahattva hai| saMvara aura nirjarA kA uttaradAyitva tapoyoga kA hI hotA hai| tapoyoga kI sAdhanA meM AhArazuddhi, kAyakleza, indriyasaMyama aura dhyAna-ye cAra sUtra haiM, jinase vyakti meM cintana, anuprekSA aura bhAvanA AtA hai tathA samatA kI prApti hotI hai| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki tapasyA vRddhAvasthA meM hI nahIM kI jAtI hai, balki vaha usa samaya bhI kI jAnI cAhie jaba sArI indriyA~ apane bhare yauvana para hoN| anyathA indriya vijayI kaise kahA jA skegaa| vRddhAvasthA meM sArI indriyA~ vaise hI durbala ho jAtI haiN| vivaza hokara vyakti indriyabhoga nahIM kara paataa| indriyoM ke durbala hone para yadi indriya vijaya kI bAta kahI jAye, to vaha mAtra dhokhA denA hI hogaa| jisane sArI jindagI rAvaNa kI sevA kI ho vaha marate vakta rAma kA nAma kaise le sakatA hai| saMskAra jaise hoMge, antima samaya bhI vahI saMskAra rheNge| isalie jainadharma pratisrotagAmI mAnA jAtA hai, saMgharSazIla kahA jAtA hai| tapa kA yahI rUpa aura svarUpa hai| sandarbha .. visayakasAyaviNiggahabhAvaM kAUNa jhaann-sjjhaae| jo bhAvai appANaM tassa tavaM hodi nniymenn|| - bA0 aNu0 77 / .. karmakSayArthaM tapyate iti tpH|- sa0si0 9-6 / tavo NAma tAvayati aTThavihaM kammagaMThiM nAsetitti vuttaM bhvi| - dazavai0cU0 1, pR0 15 / .. caraNammi tammi jo ujjamo ya ADaMjaNA yajo hoii| so ceva jiNehiM tavo bhaNido asaDhaM crNtss|| - bha0 A0 10 / iha paraloyasuhANaM Niravekkho jo karedi smbhaavo| vivihaM kAyakilesaM tavadhammo Nimmalo tss|| - kA0 anu0 400 / 2010_03

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11 rAga-dveSa bhAva kA visarjana hI tyAga hai artha aura pratipatti tapa ke bAda sAdhaka kA mana apane zarIra se nirAsakta ho jAtA hai aura vaha tyAga kI ora bar3ha jAtA hai| yahA~ 'tyAga' aura 'dAna' do zabdoM kA prayoga hotA hai / sAdhAraNa taura para donoM meM antara nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, para gaharAI se vicAra kareM to donoM zabdoM meM antara hai / padArtha ke prati rAga-dveSa bhAva kA visarjana karanA 'tyAga' hai| isa tyAga meM 'sva' ko nimitta banAkara kaSAya ko chor3ane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai / parantu 'dAna' meM dUsare ke lie dene kA bhAva rahatA hai| usameM rAga kA tyAga para ke nimitta se hotA hai-- svasyAtisarge dAnam / puruSArtha siddhyupAya meM 'sva-parAnugrahahetoH' kahakara tyAga dharma ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| kundakundAcArya ne semasta dravyoM se moha ke tyAga ko tyAga kahA hai| umAsvAmI ne bAhya, Abhyantara, upadhi, zarIra aura annapAnAdi ke Azraya se hone vAle bhAva - doSa ke parityAga ko tyAga mAnA hai| pUjyapAda aura akalaMka ne sacetana aura acetana parigraha kI nivRtti ko tyAga mAnA hai| kumArasvAmI ne miSTa bhojana, rAga-dveSAdi utpanna karane vAle upakaraNa aura mamatA bhAva ko utpanna karane meM hone vAle nimitta rUpa vasati ke tyAga karane ko tyAga kahA hai| abhayadevasUri aura siddhasenagaNi ne bhI lagabhaga isI prakAra tyAga kI vyAkhyA kI hai| AgamoM meM tyAga ke sAtha hI pratyAkhyAna zabda kA bhI prayoga huA hai / jo samAnArthaka hai| uttarAdhyayana' meM nava prakAra ke pratyAkhyAnoM kI carcA AI hai-- saMbhoga (maNDalI bhojana), upadhi, AhAra, AhAra kaSAya, yoga, zarIra, sahAya, bhakta (bhojana) aura sadbhAvanA pratyAkhyAna / bhagavatI meM pratyAkhyAna ko phala saMyama batAyA gayA hai| ThANAMga (sthAnAGga 4.310) meM cAra prakAra ke tyAga kA ullekha hai -- mana, vacana, kAya aura upakaraNa tyaag| inakA sambandha sAdhuoM ke bhojanAdi dAna se jor3A gayA hai / ina ullekhoM se patA calatA hai ki tyAga meM vairAgya - bhAvanApUrvaka zubha-azubha yogoM kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai aura saMpatti Adi kA dAna diyA jAtA hai| zuddhopayoga 2010_03

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kI apekSA se zubha pravRttiyoM ke prati bhI rAga chor3a diyA jAtA hai| zrAvakoM ke lie dAna, pUjA, abhiSeka, atithi-satkAra Adi kartavyoM kI gaNanA kI gaI hai, jo lobha ko zithila karate haiM aura ahaM ke visarjana meM kAraNa banate haiN| tyAga aura dAna jinasenAcArya ne sabhI prakAra ke dAnoM ko abhayadAna ke antargata rakha diyA hai| mandira Adi pratiSThAna vItarAgatA kI utpatti meM sahAyaka banate haiM aura vyakti ko saMsAra se nirbhaya banA dete haiN| AdhyAtmika kSetra meM AyI nirbharatA sabhI guNoM ke lie AdhArabhUmi bana jAtI hai| bhaya ke tIna kSetra haiM- roga, mauna aura buddh'aapaa| jinheM adhyAtma se koI rasa nahIM, prema nahIM, ve ina tInoM prakAra ke bhayoM se grasta rahate haiN| para adhyAtma rasa meM DUbe hue mahAtmA bilakula nirbhaya rahate haiN| sukarAta ko kabhI mRtyu kA bhaya nahIM rhaa| ravIndranAtha Taigora ko koI mArane AyA to unhoMne kahA- "ruko, abhI patra pUrA kara luuN|" sunakara mArane kI taiyArI karane vAlA caraNoM meM gira gyaa| tyAga-dharma ke sAtha antarcetanA kA sphuraNa sambaddha hai| kahA jAtA hai, eka jyotiSI ne bhikhArI ke ghara ko khudavAkara ratnabhaNDAra hone kI sUcanA dii| yaha kathA isa ora saMketa karatI hai ki pratyeka vyakti ke bhItara eka antarcetanA hai, jo zubhopayoga aura zuddhopayoga kI ora sAdhaka ko lagA detA hai| kintu isake lie use apanI vRttiyoM kI bhI gaharI khudAI karanI hogI aura upavAsa va saMkalpa zakti kA vikAsa karanA hogaa| abhaya binA koI bhI vyakti AdhyAtmika nahIM bana sakatA, isalie abhaya ko praNAma kiyA gayA hai- NAmotthuNaM abhydyaannN| jaba taka zarIra se mUrchA hai, taba taka bhaya banA rahatA hai| bhaya se hI palAyana hotA hai| para palAyana karanA ucita nahIM hai| yadi vyakti zarIra para cintana kare to usameM na mUrchA hogI, na bhaya hogA aura na vaha palAyana kregaa| rAga-dveSa bhI vigalita hone lgegaa| tyAga karane vAle vItarAgI sAdhu kA satsaMga AdhyAtmikatA ke unmeSa ke lie Avazyaka hai| unakA upadeza, pravacana sunakara vyakti apanA AbhAmaNDala badala sakatA hai| vaha jJAnadAna, AhAradAna, auSadhidAna aura abhayadAna dekara apane jIvana ko kRtArtha kara sakatA hai| andhakAra se prakAza meM lAnA, aMdhe ko jyoti denA jJAnadAna hai| pAThazAlAyeM, mahAvidyAlaya, sAhitya prakAzana saMsthAyeM Adi kholakara sAkSaratA ke abhiyAna ko teja kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhaTakate vyakti ko satpatha para lAnA anupama puNya kArya hai| bhUkhoM ko bhojana denA athavA sAdhuoM ko AhAra denA AhAradAna hai| cikitsAlayoM kI sthApanA 2010_03

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114 karanA auSadhidAna hai aura pazu-pakSiyoM kI sevA karanA, aisI vyavasthA karanA ki koI unakA zikAra na kara sake, abhayadAna hai| ye dAna kisI bhI Asakti ke sAtha nahIM diye jAne caahie| AsaktipUrvaka diyA gayA dAna nirarthaka hotA hai| tyAga dharma hai aura dAna puNya hai| para-padArtha kA tyAga to ho sakatA hai, para dAna nahIM ho sktaa| nadI nirmala hotI hai tyAga se| tenasiMha car3hA bhAra halakA kr| mukti ke lie bhI saMsAra sAgara tyAgakara apane parigraha kA bhAra halakA kara prasthAna karanA caahie| sAMsArika Asakti joMka ke samAna khUna cUsane vAlI hotI hai| Asakti hI do diloM meM bheda paidA kara detI hai| dhana kI cAha meM bhAI apane bhAI kA galA kATane ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai| nyAyAlayoM kI sIr3hiyA~ car3hate-utarate pIr3hiyA~ dara pAr3hiyA~ asta ho jAtI haiM, para mukadamoM kI zvAseM banda nahIM ho paatiiN| tyAga aura grahaNa ke bIca kabhI-kabhI antardvandva cala jAtA hai| tyAga jaba paripakva nahIM hotA to sAdhaka kA mana saMsAra meM vApisa Ane kI ora caMcala ho uThatA hai| bhartahari aura zubhacandra tapasvI ho jAte haiM, para aise hI antardvandva meM bhartRhari sahI rAstA nahIM apanA paate| bhartRhari sAdhanA kara aisI svarNa rasa siddhi prApta kara lete haiM, jisase patthara bhI sonA ho jAtA hai| zubhacandra ke pAsa ve rasa bhejate haiM, yaha socakara ki zubhacandra digambara mudrA meM daridra haiM, ata: isa rasa se ve svarNa banAkara dhanI ho jaayeNge| zubhacandra ne usa rasa ko yoM hI pheMka diyA aura kahA ki yadi sonA hI cAhie thA to tapasyA kyoM kii| antataH bhartRhari ko zubhacandrAcArya sanmArga para le aaye| rAga-dveSAdi vikAroM kA tyAga kara dene para ilma, daulata aura zarAphata eka sAtha kaise raha sakate haiN| kaSAyamukti: kilmuktirev| daulata kA arjana karane ke bAda yadi visarjana nahIM kiyA jAtA to vaha do lAteM dekara ghara ke bAhara nikala jAtI hai| visarjana ke sAtha koI icchA nahIM jur3I rahanI caahie| niSkAma dAna aura yAcanA ke sandarbha meM varatantu-kautsa kA udAharaNa prasiddha hI hai| ___tyAga vastuta: pUre mana se honA cAhie aura sthira honA caahie| jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI kA dhyAna rakhate hue tyAga ke vAstavika rUpa para vicAra karanA caahie| isase vicAroM kI pavitratA aura dUsare kI dRSTi kA Adara karane kI prakRti kA nirmANa hogaa| dhanArjana yadi zuddha sAdhanoM se nahIM hogA to dhana kI durgati hI hogii| sAdhya aura sAdhana kI pavitratA tyAga kA mUla rUpa hai| pavitra hRdaya se udbhUta dAna dene ke saMskAra jIvana ke antima samaya meM bhI nahIM chuuttte| karNa kA udAharaNa hamAre sAmane hai| rathacakra ke dhaMsa jAne para asahAya avasthA 2010_03

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115 meM arjuna ne jaba use bANabiddha kara diyA taba bhI usane vipra veSadhArI kRSNa ko apanA svarNadanta kATakara dAna de diyaa| kavacadAna to unakA prasiddha hI hai| isa taraha ke DheroM udAharaNa hamAre itihAsa meM bhare par3e hue haiN| sAmAjika kalyANa ke lie maharSi aMgirasa ke mAdhyama se bAlaka uttaMka ke jaise Atmotsarga ke udAharaNa bhI smaraNIya haiN| tyAga aura indriyavRtti indriyA~ saMvedanazIla hotI haiN| ve bAhya padArthoM para ghUmakara sUcanAyeM ekatrita kara mana ke sAtha unameM ramaNa karatI haiN| isa ramaNa kI prakriyA meM indriyA~ cetanA para hAvI rahatI haiM, jisase Asakti-bhoga kA saMsAra gaharA hotA jAtA hai| para yadi cetanA indriyoM para hAvI hai aura indriyA~ cetanA kA anusaraNa karatI haiM, to vaha tyAga hai| indriyoM kA dAsa hone para hamArI sArI vRttiyA~ bhoga kI ora daur3a par3atI haiM, atRpta hone para svapna aura kalpanA kA jAla mana bunane lagatA hai| svapna hamAre mana kA hI vistAra hai| nirbAdha aura svatantra hokara svapna - loka meM vicaraNa karanA bhogI kI vRtti bana jAtI hai| indriyA~ padArtha kA sparza karatI haiM aura hamArA mana usa sparza meM Asakta ho jAtA hai| pA~coM indriyoM kA kSetra alaga-alaga hai| sparza, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra apane-apane viSaya para ghUmate haiM isalie paraspara virodhI bhI haiN| unakI yaha paraspara virodhI vRtti eka jaTila aura duHkhadAyI sthiti meM pahu~cA detI hai| AMkha jise sundara mAna rahI hai, nAka use svIkAra kare yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| vastu sundara hai, para vaha kaDuvI hai aura durdhita hai to use na rasanendriya svIkAra karegI aura na ghrANendriya samIpa jaayegii| taba duHkha utpanna hogA, mana saMgharSa karegA aura mana kI prabalatA ke sAtha usa vizeSa indriya kI viSayavRtti prakaTa hogI / indriyA~ viSaya ke Upara daur3a lagAtI haiM aura hamArA mana unheM bhItara le jAnA cAhatA hai| unheM bhItara le jAne kI vRtti meM hamArI jAgarUkatA, cunAva aura samyagdRSTi nahIM rahI to tyAga ho hI nahIM sakatA / mana to kacar3e kI peTI hai| saba kucha usameM calA jAtA hai| bhItara kise le jAnA hai, yaha hamAre viveka para nirbhara honA caahie| isalie mUrcchA ko parigraha kahA gayA hai| parigrahI vyakti kA saMsAra Akalana aura saMgraha taka hI sImita hotA hai usakI tijorI bharI rahanI cAhie, isI meM use sukha milatA hai / vaha tijorI sone se bharI ho yA patthara se, yadi usakA upabhoga nahIM hotA hai to sone yA patthara meM kyA antara hai ? parigrahI ko pakar3a hotI hai, usameM upayogI vRtti nahIM hotii| yahI pakar3a vastutaH usakI daridratA yA garIbI kA lakSaNa hai| vastu usa para hAvI hai / use vaha chor3a nahIM sktaa| 2010_03

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116 tyAga meM vastu hAvI nahIM rahatI, usakI chor3ane kI vRtti mukhya rahatI hai / chor3ane meM, tyAga meM use Ananda AtA hai| dAna dene meM, Asakti chor3ane meM use prasannatA hotI hai / usako yAda rakhane kI bhI use AvazyakatA mahasUsa nahIM hotii| usa tyAga meM bhI rAga ho jAye to phira tyAga hI kahA~ ? jahA~ sammohana hogA vahA~ tyAga ho hI nahIM sakatA / mUrcchA aura tyAga mUrcchA kA tAtparya hai vastu kI kImata hama se adhika ho jaanaa| dhanI hone kA artha sampatti ko mAtra ikaTThA karane se nahIM hai, use apane se bAhara nahIM hone dene se hai| paisA kamA lene ke bAvajUda jo use chor3a nahIM pAtA, dAna nahIM kara pAtA vaha amIra nahIM, garIba hai| pakar3a garIbI kA lakSaNa hai, kyoMki Apa use bA~Ta nahIM pA rahe haiM, vastu para ApakA koI adhikAra nahIM hai| isalie dAna karane vAlA hI sahI dhanI kahA jAnA caahie| sahI dhanI vaha hai jo tyAga karatA hai, para usakI zekhI nahIM baghAratA, sUcI banAkara nahIM rkhtaa| tyAgavRtti dUra rahane vAlA vyakti AzA se ba~dhA rahatA hai| sadaiva vaha AzA lagAye rahatA hai ki isase abhI aura adhika pAnA hai| isalie vaha du:khI rahatA hai / garIba vyakti duHkhI nahIM rahatA, vaha kaSTa meM rahatA hai / prayatna karane para bhI vaha kucha nahIM paataa| AzA karanA viSAda ko nimantrita karanA hai / eka kI pUrti ho jAne para dUsarI kI AkAMkSA daur3a par3atI hai aura yaha tAMtA lagA rahatA hai, kabhI khatma nahIM hotaa| isalie duHkhI honA usakA svabhAva bana jAtA hai| vastuta: AzAjanya duHkha indradhanuSa-sA hotA hai jo pAsa Ane para kho jAtA hai| AkAza ko kabhI chuA nahIM jA sakatA bhale hI vaha kahIM pRthvI se chUtA huA dikhe| isI taraha AzA-vAsanA kabhI tRpta nahIM ho paatii| atRpta hone se duHkha kA sAgara bar3hatA hI rahatA hai / dhana kI upayogitA hai mUla AvazyakatA kI pUrti ho jaanaa| vastu kA AvazyakatA se adhika honA miTTI ke samAna hai| pAnI kI upayogitA pyAsa zAnta hone taka rahatI hai| pyAsa zAnta hone para vaha nirarthaka ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra vyakti jaba anAvazyaka rUpa se vastu ikaTThA karane lagatA hai, taba usakA lobha kAma karane lagatA hai / phira vaha sAdhana nahIM, sAdhya bana jAtA hai| aba jaba sAdhya bana jAtA hai, taba vyakti kaMjUsa ho jAtA hai, mAtra saMgraha kI vRtti ho jAtI hai| vaha visarjana nahIM kara paataa| isalie dhanI prAyaH kaMjUsa huA karate haiN| yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki bAhara kA hamArA samUcA vAtAvaraNa hamAre antara kI vRtti ko pratibimbita karatA hai| aisA anajAne hI vaha karatA rahatA hai / acetana rUpa meM usakI Adata kAma karatI rahatI hai| hama isIlie dUsare ke doSoM ko dekhane ke to 2010_03

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117 AdI ho jAte haiM, para apane doSa nahIM dekha pAte, kyoMki apane doSa acetana meM cale jAte haiN| isalie santoM ne kahA hai--- nindaka niyare rAkhie, AMgana kuTI bnaay|' bhItara jaba khAlIpana hotA hai taba lobha utpanna hotA hai| yaha lobha UparI rahatA hai, kyoMki andara kA khAlIpana dhana-sampatti se nahIM bharA jaataa| antara to bharA huA hI hai, hama use samajha nahIM pA rahe haiN| jo bharA hai use hama khAlI mAna rahe haiN| AtmA meM koI vastu rahatI nahIM, isalie vaha khAlI dikhatI hai, para vaha khAlI nahIM hai, ananta guNoM kA vaha saMgraha hai, jise lobhI vyakti dekha nahIM paataa| sAdhu bhI yadi AtmadraSTA nahIM hai to vaha lobhI hai, gRhastha hai- "je siyA sannihikAme, gihI pavvaie na se|" uttama tyAga vaha hai, jahA~ dAna meM koI rAga-dveSa nahIM ho| dAna yadi apanI pratiSThA banAne ke lie kiyA gayA ho, patthara para nAma likhA kara amara banane ke lie kiyA gayA ho, to vaha dAna uttama tyAga nahIM hai, mUrchApUrvaka visarjana mAtra hai| aisA dAna to eka saudA hai vyApAra hai, isalie karma-nirjarA kA kAraNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| sandarbha .. pina Nivvega tiyaM bhAvai mohaM caiUNa svvdvvesu| jo tassa have cAgo idi bhaNidaM jiNavariM dehi|| - vA0 aNu0 78 / tyAgo dAnaM, tacchaktito yakSavidhi prayujyamAnaM tyaag:| - sa0si0, 6-24 / jo cayadi miTThabhojjaM uvamaraNaM raaydossNjnnyN| vasadiM mamattahetuM cAyaguNo so have tss|| - kA0 anu0 401 / cAgo NAma veyAvaccakaraNeNa Ayariyo vajjhayAdINaM mahatI kammanijjarA bhavai--| dazavai0 cU0 1, pR0 18 / paraprItikaraNatisarjanaM tyAgaH - tattvArthavA0 6.24.6. AhArAbhayajJAnAnAM bhavANAM vidhipUrvakamAtmazaktyanusAreNa pAtrAya dAnaM zaktitastyAga ucyate- tattvArthavRtti zruta, 2.24. 2010.03

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nirmamatva kI ora bar3hanA hI AkiJcanya hai artha aura pratipatti tyAga kA AcaraNa karane ke bAda sAdhaka ke pAsa svayaM ke atirikta bacatA hI kyA hai? vaha aparigrahI ho jAtA hai| sAMsArika mAyA jAla meM usakI koI Asakti nahIM rahatI, vaha mAtra ekatva para manana karatA hai| kundakundAcArya ke anusAra- sabhI prakAra se niHsaMga hokara sukha-duHkha dene vAle Atma bhAvoM kA nigraha kara nirdvandva rahanA AkiJcanya hai| umAsvAti, pUjyapAda Adi AcAryoM ne bhI "nirmamatva kA honA AkiJcanya hai" aisA mAnA hai| kumArasvAmI ne kahA hai ki jo loka-vyavahAra se virakta muni cetana-acetana parigraha ko mana, vacana, kAya se sarvathA chor3a detA hai use AkiJcanya dharma hotA hai| sthAnAGga (4.353) meM yaha akiJcanatA cAra prakAra kI batAI gaI hai- mana, vacana, kAya aura upakaraNa kI akinycntaa| isakA tAtparya hai mana, vacana, kAya aura upakaraNa kI niSparigrahaNatA meM hI ekatva phalatA-phUlatA hai| isa avasthA taka Ate-Ate sAdhaka apane cintana aura dRSTi ke mAdhyama se sthiratApUrvaka yaha vicAra karane lagatA hai ki saMsAra meM jo AyA hai usakA jAnA nizcita hai| duniyA~ meM sikandara, hiTalara jaise anaginata zaktizAlI samrATa ho cuke haiM, jinhoMne lAkha koziza kI para unheM jindagI kA eka kSaNa bhI udhAra nahIM mila skaa| mRtyu devatA ne daravAje para jaba bhI dastaka dI, vaha khAlI hAtha nahIM gayA aura yaha bhI utanA hI satya hai ki koI bhI maTThI bA~dhakara nahIM le gyaa| usakI sArI sampatti aura sAre pArivArika mitra yahIM raha gaye, koI sAtha nahIM gyaa| sAdhaka kI saMvega aura vairAgya bhAvanA yahI socakara dRr3hatara hotI jAtI hai aura sAMsArika padArthoM se moha chUTatA calA jAtA hai| moha, mamatA itanI prabala hotI hai ki jaldI se saralatApUrvaka vaha pIchA nahIM chodd'tii| isalie sabase pahalA kAma sAdhaka kA yaha rahatA hai ki vaha mana ko saMyamita kare aura aise nimittoM se bace jo use Asakti meM jakar3ane ke lie khaDe hue hoN| usakI antarcetanA itanI jAgrata ho jAya ki nimitta sAmane rahane para bhI vaha mana ko AkarSita ___ 2010_03

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119 nahIM kara ske| sthUlabhadra ne vezyA ke ghara cAturmAsa kiyA aura vedAga vApisa aaye| itanA hI nahIM usa vezyA ko bhI apane saMvegI raMga meM raMga liyaa| jabakI ISyAlu dUsarA sAdhu bhraSTa ho gyaa| isalie bAhya nimittoM se bacane ke sAtha hI Antarika kubhAvoM ko panapane na de aura sadbhAvoM kI khetI ko protsAhana milatA rhe| sAdhanA kA mUla uddezya sAdhanA kA mUla uddezya hai kSamatA ko jAgrata krnaa| yaha kSamatA taba taka jAgrata nahIM hogI jaba taka hameM caitanya kA sahI anubhava nahIM hogA aura Atma-sAkSAtkAra nahIM hogaa| sabase adhika najadIka hamArA apanA zarIra hai| usake aMga-pratyaMgoM para gaharAI se vicAra kareM aura sthUla se sUkSma kI ora jAte hue yaha dekhane kA prayAsa kareM ki zarIra ke bIca basI huI AtmA zarIra se bilakula alaga hai| una donoM ke svabhAva bhI bilakula bhinna-bhinna haiN| eka samajhaute ke andara ve eka sAtha rahane ke lie kAlabaddha haiN| haMsanA, ronA, sukha, duHkha Adi kriyAyeM zarIra kI nahIM haiM, para ve usake mAdhyama se abhivyakta hotI haiN| AtmA svarUpata: parama vizuddha aura ananta jJAna-darzana-sukha-zakti se bharapUra hai, para karmoM ke kAraNa usakA yaha svabhAva AvRtta ho gayA hai| jaise hI usakA yaha AvaraNa haTa jAtA hai, deha aura AtmA pRthak-pRthaka ho jAte haiM, ve apanI mUla prakRti meM pahu~ca jAte haiN| yaha yAtrA bahuta lambI hai| pAtheya ikaTThA karanA hogA usa para calane ke lie| tadartha 'tajjIvataccacharIravAda' ko chor3akara bheda-vijJAna para mana ko TikAnA hogaa| ___saMsAra kA svabhAva viSamatA hai| viSamatA meM samatA paidA karanA sarala nahIM hotaa| sabhI dhanI ho jAyeM aura sabhI sukhI ho jAyeM, yaha sambhava nhiiN| saMsAra meM dhanI hone aura sukhI hone kA artha hI kucha dUsarA hai| AdhyAtmika kSetra meM use mAtra sukhAbhAsa kaheMge, kyoMki usa dhana aura sukha ke nIce bArUda kI suraMge bichI huI haiM, duHkha kI paratoM para parateM lagI huI haiN| saMsArI atRpta vAsanA se pIr3ita rahatA hai aura usI kI tRpti meM dina rAta ApA-dhApI karatA rahatA hai| phira bhI tRpti nahIM hotI, kyoMki tRpti kA peTa agAdha rahatA hai| jitanI tRpti hotI jAtI hai, usakA peTa utanA hI gaharA aura phUlatA calA jAtA hai| isa atRpti ko sAdhaka apanI sulajhI cetanA se dekhatA hai aura usake nagna satya kA AbhAsa pAkara vairAgya kI ora mur3a jAtA hai| usake antara meM vairAgya bhAvanA kA vikAsa hotA hai aura samAdhi ke mAdhyama se vaha citta meM phailI gandagI ko dUra kara use susthira karatA hai| usake sAre upAya aura sAdhana samyaka ho jAte haiM, pAre ke samAna cintana hone ke bAvajUda mana ko bAMdhane kI koziza karatA hai aura antata: vaha baMdha bhI jAtA hai| 2010.03

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120 saMsAra eka mahAsvapna hai, jisakI vaisAkhI ke sahAre saMsArI sukhI hone kI kalpanA karane lagatA hai / usakA sArA jIvana eka nATaka aura abhinetA kA rahatA hai jo vAstavikatA se mela nahIM khaataa| abhinaya ke daurAna yadi use lagAtAra yaha AbhAsa banA rahe ki vaha abhinaya kara rahA hai, vAstavikatA kucha aura hai to usakA citta ekatva bhAvanA se AplAvita ho jAyegA aura svayaM ko saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI saMsAra rUpI jala se bhinna kamalavat mAnatA rhegaa| saMsAra karmoM kA phala hai| Atmacintana ke binA sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti viSAdamaya ho sakatI hai| tRSNA usa viSAda ko aura bhI gaharA banA detI hai| isI tRSNA ke kAraNa kartRtva, bhoktRtva aura svAmitva kI bhAvanA se saMsaraNa aura lambA hotA calA jAtA hai / bhogAsakta vyakti pala bhara ke lie vahA~ se bAhara nikalakara viveka mArga nahIM pakar3a paataa| phalata: rudana aura krandana ke atirikta usake hAtha kucha bhI zeSa nahIM raha jaataa| "bhogo na bhuktaH vayameva bhuktAH kAlo na yAtA vayameva yAtA" kI sthiti bana jAtI hai| isa sthiti se bacane ke lie sAdhaka ko dharma kA cintana karanA cAhie / janma smaraNa, svapna-darzana, deva-darzana Adi ke mAdhyama se Atmacintana meM tIvratA AtI hai aura prajJA kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai| prajJA se alaukika cetanA aura anuzAsana kA janma hotA hai, jo jIvana kI dizA ko bilkula mor3a detA hai / zarIra ke prati prajJAvAn kI Asakti samApta ho jAtI hai, sAMsArika padArthoM ke prati anuprekSAoM kI bhAvanA se moha kama ho jAtA hai aura AtmA ke prati dhyAna ke mAdhyama se cintana pariSkRta ho jAtA hai| 'aham' aura 'mama' kA tyAga AkiJcanya meM ahaM aura mama kA vikalpa chinna-bhinna ho jAtA hai / sva-para bhedavijJAna se mithyAtva, ajJAna, kaSAya Adi vikArabhAva dhvasta ho jAte haiM aura AtmabhAva pAne kA mArga prazasta ho jAtA hai| vyAvahArika kSetra meM bhI akiJcanabhAva atyanta upayogI hai| usakI bhAvanA Ane para saMgharSa aura pratikriyA ke bhAva svataH samApta ho jAte haiM, svatantratA aura svAvalambana jAgrata ho jAtA hai aura samatAvAdI dRSTi panapane lagatI hai| vItarAga svarUpa kA cintana hI AkiJcanya artha kA phala hai| 'aham' aura 'mama' miTe ke binA AkiJcanya bhAva nahIM A pAtA / isa bhAva meM parigraha kI sattA nahIM rahatI / parigraha ke kAraNa hI saMsAra meM bhaTakanA hotA hai| janma-maraNa kI prakriyA kI samApti parigraha kI samApti ke binA nahIM ho paatii| isalie parigraha 2010_03

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121 ko sabase bar3A pApa mAnA gayA hai| dasaveM guNasthAna taka parigraha banA rahatA hai| yahI usakI tIvratA kA nidarzana hai| bharata-bAhubalI kA yuddha parigraha kA hI janaka hai| saMsAra kI itanI mAyA se bhI bharata ko santoSa nahIM huA aura unhoMne apane hI bhAI bAhubalI para AkramaNa karanA caahaa| bAhubalI bhI 'maiM' aura 'mama' se jaba taka chuTakArA nahIM pA sake taba taka unheM mokSa prApta nahIM ho skaa| kucha loga socate haiM arjana se hI visarjana hogaa| isalie ve paisA kamAne meM lage rahate haiM aura phira apane DhaMga se usakA visarjana karate haiN| yaha bAta sahI hai ki visarjana arjana ke binA nahIM hotaa| para yaha bhI sahI hai ki arjana meM jo mAnasika santApa hotA hai vaha visarjana se pUrA nahIM hotaa| yaha to vaisI hI bAta huI jaise pahale kIcar3a meM apane paira kharAba kara lenA aura phira unheM pAnI se sApha karane kI bAta socnaa| isase to acchA yahI hai ki hama kIcar3a meM paira hI nahIM rakhe- "prakSAlanAddhi paMkasya dUrAdasparzanaM vrm|" ____ tattvArthasUtra ke navama adhyAya meM saMvara aura nirjarA tattva kA varNana milatA hai| karmoM kA saMvara aura usakI nirjarA ke lie apramAdI honA bahuta Avazyaka hai| kahA jAtA hai- bhAraNDa pakSI mRtyu se itanA bhayabhIta rahatA hai ki vaha kabhI sotA nahIM hai| sadA ur3atA hI rahatA hai yaha socakara ki yadi vaha soyegA to mara jaayegaa| sAdhaka bhI bhAraNDa pakSI kI taraha mRtyu kA cintana karatA hai aura apramAdI hokara, triguptiyoM aura paMca samitiyoM kA pAlana kara dharma-sAdhanA karatA hai| samaya kI dhArA nirapekSa rahatI hai| vaha kisI ke lie rukatI nhiiN| yadi koI yaha soce ki usakA murgA yadi bAga nahIM degA to subaha nahIM hogI, to yaha usakI mUrkhatA hI hogii| murgA bAga dekara subaha hone kI sUcanA to de sakatA hai, para subaha hone ke lie koI roka nahIM sktaa| tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ne gautama ko apramAdI hone kA upadeza dekara unake mohabhAva ko kama kiyaa| buddha ne sAriputra se kahA ki aba tuma mere prati bhI rAga chor3o aura saMsAra se pAra ho jaao| yaha hai AkiMcanya bhAva kI jaagRti| yaha jAgRti acetana padArtha se mamatva tor3akara cetana padArtha rUpa AtmA kI sAdhanA karane se hotI hai| acetana padArtha ke prati lagAva hI hamAre duHkha kA kAraNa hai aura phira usI duHkha meM hama paramAtmA kA smaraNa karate haiN| AkiMcanya bhAva meM isa duHkha ke mUla kAraNa rUpa acetana ke prati lagAva hI samApta ho jAtA hai| vaha kamala ke samAna nirlipta ho jAtA hai, vAsanA kA daura samApta ho jAtA hai aura bhItara kI jyoti se bAhara ke prati moha TUTa jAtA hai| 2010_03

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122 uttama AkiJcanya avasthA meM sAdhaka apramAdI ho jAtA hai| usake moha ke kAraNa vigalita ho jAte haiM, isalie duHkha kI sArI sthitiyA~ bhagna ho jAtI haiN| mamatva ke kAraNa duHkha AtA hai| jaba mamatva hI calA gayA to duHkha kahA~ se AyegA? para-padArthoM se 'mere' kA bhAva yadi tirohita ho gayA, to duHkha kA nAmonizAna nahIM rhegaa| mAtra Ananda kA pravAha bahegA, yahA~ taka ki mana-vicAra bhI samApta ho jaayegaa| isa avasthA meM antara aura bAhara samAna ho jAte haiN| bAhya AcaraNa acchA ho aura antara meM jvAlAyeM dhadhaka rahI hoM to phira durvAsA RSi kI sthiti A jaayegii| sAdhu kA AcaraNa yadi mukhauTA ho, antara nahIM bdlegaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki kabhI-kabhI na cAhate hue bhI hama apazabda nikAla dete haiN| antara yadi badala gayA, zuddha ho gayA to bAhya svataH zuddha ho jaayegaa| yadi kisI kAraNavaza azuddha ho bhI gayA to vaha kSaNika hI rhegaa| isalie jainadharma samagratA kA pakSadhara hai| antara aura bAhara donoM samAna rUpa se zuddha honA cAhie aura sAdhaka kA cintana aDiga honA cAhie ki sAMsArika padArthoM meM usakA koI rAga nahIM hai| Atmadharma ke atirikta usakA aura koI tattva nahIM hai| yahI usakA AkiMcana bhAva hai| sandarbha .. hoUNa ya NissaMgo NiyabhAvaM Niggahittu suhduhdN| NidaM deNa du vaTTadi aNayAro tss'kiNcnnhN|| -- bA0 aNu0 79 / tiviheNa jo vivajjadi ceyaNamiyaraM ca savvahA sNgN| loyavavahAravirado NiggaMthataM have tss|| - kA0aNu0 402 / upAnteSvapi zarIrAdiSu saMskArApohAya mamedamityabhisandhinivRtti: aakinycnym| nAsya kiJcanAstIti akiJcana: tasya bhAva: karma vA AkiJcanyam -- sa0si0 9-6; ana010svo TIkA0 6.54 / / zarIradharmopakaraNAdiSu nirmmtvmaakinycnym| -- ta0bhA0 9-6 / mamedamityabhisandhinivRttirAkiJcanyam tattvArthavA. 9.6.21. upAneSvapi zarIdAdiSu saMskArApohanaM nairmalyaM vA AkiJcanyam - ta0sukhavo, nAsti asya kiJcana kimapi akiJcano niSparigrahaH, tasya bhAvaH karma vA aakinycnym| nijazarIrAdiSu saMskAraparihArAya mamedamityabhisandhiniSedhanamityarthaH - ta0vRtti0zruta0, 9.6. 2010_03

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13 AtmA meM ramaNa karanA hI brahmacarya hai artha aura pratipatti AkiJcanya dharma kA pAlana karane bAda sAdhaka niSparigrahI ho jAne ke kAraNa AtmaramaNa karane kI sthiti meM A jAtA hai| brahma kA artha hai - AtmA / anagArI sAdhaka AtmA meM ramaNa karatA hai, Atmacintana karatA hai aura sAgAra yA zrAvaka varga apanI kAmavAsanA ko sImita karane ke lie brahmacaryANuvrata ko dhAraNa kara letA hai| sAdhaka muni varga pUrNa brahmacaryavrata kA pAlana karatA haiM aura upAsaka varga eka deza brahmacaryavrata kA pAlana karatA hai, vaha svadAra saMtoSI arthAt paradAratyAgI hotA hai| kundakundAcArya ke anusAra striyoM ke saba aMgoM ke dekhate hue bhI unameM duSTabhAva nahIM karanA brahmacarya hai / umAsvAti ne ise aura adhika spaSTa kara yaha aura kaha diyA ki iSTa manojJa sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa, zabda, vibhUSAdi se Anandita na honA brahmacarya kA vizeSa guNa hai| vratoM ke paripAlana ke lie gurukula meM vAsa karanA brahmacarya hai| pUjyapAda ne isameM anubhUta strI kA smaraNa na karanA, strI viSayaka kathA zravaNa kA tyAga karanA aura strI se saTakara sone yA baiThane kA tyAga karanA aura jor3a diyA hai| akalaMka, siddhasena gaNi, kumAra kArtikeya Adi AcAryoM ne isI kathana kA samarthana kiyA hai| ina sArI paribhASAoM kA kendrabindu hai kAma- guNoM para vijaya prApta krnaa| zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa aura gandha ke upabhoga meM nirapekSa ho jAnA, taTastha ho jAnA aura samabhAva dvArA una sabhI indriyoM para vijaya prApta karanA brahmacarya dharma hai| ise niraticArapUrvaka paripAlana karanA Avazyaka hai / pA~ca kAma guNoM meM Asakti ke lie kramaza: prasiddha haiM-- hariNa, hAthI, pataMgA, bhramara aura machalI / kAmaguNoM kI Asakti ke kAraNa ye prANI apanI jAna gaMvA dete haiN| yadi pA~coM kAmaguNa kisI eka vyakti meM kendrita ho jAyeM to usakI kyA sthiti hogI, vicAraNIya hai| tantra paramparA aura jaina cintana tantra paramparA meM anubhava karane ke bAda hI usase mukta hone kI bAta kahI gaI hai, para jaina paramparA isake viparIta hai| usakA mantavya hai ki isa prakAra kA anubhava eka Adata kA rUpa grahaNa kara letA hai, jisase mukta honA sarala nahIM hotaa| ataH Adata 2010_03

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124 DAlane kA maukA hI na Ane diyA jaaye| Adata banane ke pahale hI usa UrjA ko Upara uThane kA avasara diyA jAye, to adhika acchA hai| kAMTa ne to brahmacarya meM hiMsA hone kA vicAra vyakta kiyA hai, jo sahI nahIM hai| vijJAna kI dRSTi se sambhoga meM dasa karor3a jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hai| unameM se eka hI bAhara A pAtA hai| ata: abrahmacarya ko hI hiMsA kahA jAnA caahie| brahmacarya vyakti ko svatantra banA detA hai| zarIra kA zRGgAra dUsaroM ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| viparIta kA AkarSaNa hotA hI hai| AtmA kI khoja meM viparIta kA koI upayoga nahIM hotaa| isameM samyak santulana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| svAdiSTa aura pauSTika bhojana bhI upayogI nahIM rhtaa| samyaka aura zuddha zAkAhArI AhAra ho, tabhI brahmacarya vrata kA saMrakSaNa ho sakatA hai| isa uddezya ko pAne ke lie indriya vAsanAoM para vijaya prApta karanA aura AhAra meM rasa-tyAga karanA bahuta hI Avazyaka hai| rasa-tyAga kiye binA AtmAnubhava nahIM ho sktaa| brahmacarya aura Adhunika manovijJAna vastuta: zakti eka hai| usakA upayoga karanA hama para nirbhara karatA hai| hamArI vRtti aura pravRtti usa zakti ko nIce le jAye yA Upara le jaaye| isakA nirNaya hameM svayaM karanA pdd'egaa| yoga meM kAma kA anubhava nahIM kiyA jAtA, para tantra anubhava ke rAste se gujaranA Avazyaka mAnatA hai| mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM kAma kA anubhava Adata kA rUpa le letA hai aura phira Adata se mukti pAnA sarala nahIM hotaa| hamArA adhikAMza jIvana Adata para hI calatA hai| kAma bhI eka Adata hai, rasa hai| yadi usakA anubhava hI na kiyA jAye to phira Adata banane kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| Aja kA manovijJAna kahatA hai ki bAlaka para prArambhika avasthA meM jaise saMskAra gira jAyeM, sAre jIvana phira vaha unhIM saMskAroM se jItA hai| adhika se adhika sAta sAla taka bacce ko saMskArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| usake bAda use badalanA sarala nahIM hotaa| garbhAdhAna se hI hamAre saMskAroM kI nIMva par3a jAtI hai| isalie usa patha se calanA hI nahIM cAhie jahA~ gaDDhe hoM, girane kA bhaya ho| mahAvIra isalie isa prakAra ke anabhava se dUra rahanA hI hitakara mAnate haiN| kAma Asanna kendrIya bhAva hai| hamArI adhikAMza pravRttiyA~ usI ke irda-girda ghUmatI rahatI haiN| isalie anubhava pAne kI vyagratA se mukta honA sarala nahIM hai| isa sthiti meM eka mArga yaha hai ki vyakti anubhava pAne ke lie gRhastha-mArga kA anukaraNa kare, para adhyAtma kA cintana na chodd'e| aNuvrata kI sthApanA ke pIche yahI eka uddezya hai ki vyakti kAmAdika bhAva ko yadi na saha pAye to sImita hokara usakA anubhava kara le aura vahIM se mahAvratI banane kA saMkalpa kre| aNuvratI se mahAvratI banane kA eka yaha bhI mArga hai jahA~ kisI bhAva kA damana nahIM kiyA jAtA, balki anubhava ke mAdhyama 2010_03

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125 se kramaza: usakA zamana kiyA jAtA hai| mahAvIra ke dharma meM ye donoM mArga haiM, jo apanI zakti ke anusAra grahaNa kiye jA sakate haiN| svAnubhava kI cetanA aura dhyAna dharma kA mUla AdhAra anubhava kI cetanA hai| mRga meM kastUrI bhItara chipI hai, para vaha bAhara daur3atA rahatA hai| priyatA aura apriyatA ke kAraNa use antarjagata meM chipI sampatti kA bhAva nahIM hotaa| jaba taka mUrchA kA kaThora AvaraNa mana para se nahIM haTegA taba taka nijatA kI pratIti nahIM ho sktii| pArasamaNi para rakhA huA kapar3e kA AvaraNa jaba taka alaga nahIM kiyA jAyegA, taba taka pArasamaNi sonA banAne kA kAma nahIM kara sktaa| ahaM aura mama ke AvaraNa aise hI haiM, jinase kevalajJAna prakaTa nahIM ho paataa| brahma arthAt AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke lie saMkalpa-zakti kA vikAsa karanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| svAdhyAya aura cintana ke mAdhyama se caitanya para dhyAna kiyA jAye to mana kI caMcalatA ko kAbU meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| bojha lAdakara koI tairAka taira nahIM sakatA, use nirbhara honA par3egA nadI ko pAra karane ke lie| khAlI hone kI isI kriyA ko adhyAtma kahA jAtA hai| nirvicAra aura nirvikalpa dhyAna cittavRttiyoM se mukta kara detA hai aura pratirodhAtmaka zakti kA vikAsa karatA hai| svAdhyAya karate-karate hamArI AsthA gaharI hotI jAtI hai, mUrchA vigalita hone lagatI hai aura dRSTi meM vizuddhatA tairane lagatI hai| cetanA kA lakSaNa hI hai-upayoga yA anubhava yA astitva kA bodha, jahA~ 'ko'haM' kA uttara 'so'haM' meM mila jAtA hai| yaha Atmabodha svayaM ko pahacAne ke binA nahIM ho paataa|sNghrss vahIM hotA hai, jahA~ do padArtha hote haiN| nami rAjarSi kI bImArI ko dUra karane ke lie candana lepa taiyAra karane meM cUr3iyoM kI karkaza AvAja aayii| sabhI mahilAoM ne sArI cUr3iyA~ utAra dI, mAtra eka-eka cUr3I pahane rhiiN| AvAja turanta banda ho gii| yaha jAnakara nami rAjarSi kA dhyAna isa tathya para gayA ki do ke rahane se hI AvAja AtI hai| akelA rahanA hI acchA hai, zreyaskara hai| rAjarSi ne dhyAna kA aura svastha hone kA sundaratama sUtra paayaa| mRtyu kA cintana behozI ko dUra karane kA amogha sAdhana hai| kAyA kA utsarga kara diyA jAtA hai, zarIra aura cetana alaga-alaga dikhAI dene lagate haiM, to mana vAsanA se svayameva dUra haTa jAtA hai| zmazAna meM dhyAna karane ke pIche yahI cintana chipA hai ki vyakti mRtyu aura padArtha kI yathArthatA ko samajheM aura Atma-cetanA ko jAgrata kreN| prAta:kAla va sandhyAkAla bhI dhyAna kI dRSTi se isIlie upayogI mAnA jAtA hai ki yaha saMkramaNa kAla hai aura saMkramaNa kI bhAvadhArA cintana ke sAtha jur3a ske| ____ 2010_03

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126 mahAvIra hI eka aise cintaka hue haiM, jinhoMne sabase pahale aprazasta-dhyAna kI bAta kahI hai| rAgAdi vikAroM ke sAtha jo dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai usase svayaM kI yA brahma kI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| kucha zakti kendrita RddhiyA~ aura mantra-tantra pravRttiyA~ aisI hI hotI haiM jo dUsare ko nukasAna paidA karatI haiM, vinAzAtmaka hotI haiM yA bhogopabhoga kI sAmagriyA~ prastuta karatI haiN| isake viparIta prazasta-dhyAna hotA hai, jo rAgAdi vikAroM ko dUra karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| yahI vAstavika dhyAna hai| isI se sAdhaka apane svabhAva meM pahu~cane kA prayatna karatA hai| aise hI dhyAna ko sAmAyika kahA gayA hai| mahAvIra ne yahA~ samaya kA artha AtmA aura TAima (kAla) donoM kiyA hai| vahIM sAtha hI samaya kA artha AgamazAstra bhI nirdiSTa hai| cintaka aura dArzanika AinsTIna ne hara vastu meM tIna AyAma mAne haiM- lambAI, caur3AI aura mottaaii| isI ke sAtha cauthA AyAma hai samaya, AtmA aura kaal| cetanA kI gati bhI samaya meM hI hotI hai| nirjIva padArtha meM nahIM hotii| jAtismaraNa, pratikramaNa Adi tattva isI dhyAna athavA sAmAyika meM hotI haiN| brahmacarya : Atmacintana kI caritra pariNati brahmacarya meM saMyama Adi sabhI dharmoM kA Akalana ho jAtA hai| dazalakSaNamUlaka dharmoM meM yaha antima dharma hai, jise hama mahAparva kI sAdhanA kA phala kaha sakate haiN| kAma vyakti kI svAbhAvika prakRti hai| para brahmacarya usase bhI adhika Ananda kA mahAkendra hai jise saMyama ke mAdhyama se prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| ziva ne tIsare netra se kAma ko bhasma kara diyaa| yaha picyuTarI granthi ko jAgrata karane kA phala hai| prANa UrjA nAbhi se nIce kI ora pravAhita hotI hai to kAma granthi khulatI hai aura jaba vaha Upara kI ora pravAhita hotI hai to vaha jJAnagranthi khola detI hai, jahA~ prANa UrjA kA saMcaya hotA rahatA hai| jJAnagranthi kholane kA kAma brahmacarya-vrata kA hai| yahI usakA pratiphala hai| uttama brahmacarya Atmacintana kI carama pariNati hai, vaha samUcI dhyAna-prakriyA aura prazasta bhAvanAoM kA kendra-bindu hai, jahA~ AtmA ke mUla svarUpa ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahIM se samAja-nirmANa kA kAma bhI prArambha ho jAtA hai| atIndriya zakti kA jAgaraNa bhI isI kendra se hotA hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI samanvita avasthA kA vikAsa bhI yahIM carama sImA para hotA hai| yahI Atmasiddhi hai| hara indriya vAsanA se jur3I huI hai| Aja kA manovijJAna kahatA hai ki vAsanA kA hara koNa kAma se jur3A huA hai| arthAt hara indriya ke sUtra kAmavAsanA se jur3e hue haiN| isalie sAdhaka ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha apanA sArA dhyAna indriya vAsanA se haTAkara mokSa maMjila para lagA de| indriyoM ko rasa na milane para kAma-vAsanA svata: samApta hone lagatI hai| brahmacarya ko isIlie mukti kA mArga mAnA jAtA hai aura 2010_03

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127 use dasa dharmoM meM antima dharma carama pariNati ke rUpa meM rakhA hai| brahma kA artha AtmA bhI hai| arthAt indriya vAsanA se pUrNata: mukta huA vyakti hI AtmaramaNa kara sakatA hai| AtmaramaNa karane vAle sAdhaka meM zabda, rUpa, gandha, rasa aura sparza ina pA~coM kAma guNoM meM koI rasa nahIM rhtaa| unake dekhane para bhI mana meM koI kampana nahIM hotA, dhyAna vahA~ jAtA hI nahIM hai| ata: rasa-tyAga ke binA AtmAnubhava ho hI nahIM sktaa| AtmAnubhava hone para indriyoM kA rasa sukhada na hokara duHkhada lagane lagatA hai aura saca to yaha hai ki samasta duHkhoM kA mUla hI indriyA~ haiN| sukha yadi hai bhI to kSaNika rahatA hai| isalie saMsArI vyakti usI kSaNika sukha ko bAra-bAra pAne kI koziza meM lagA rahatA hai| kSaNika kSaNika hI hai| vaha zAzvata nahIM ho sktaa| zAzvata sukha pAne ke lie brahmacarya vrata kA pAlana karanA aparihArya hai| mahAvIra ne isIlie kahA hai ki jo vyakti brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai, indriyoM se apanA sambandha tor3a letA hai, antara-dhyAna karatA hai use deva, dAnava, gandharva Adi bhI namaskAra karate haiM devadANavagandhavvA jkkh-rkkhs-kinnraa| baMbhayAri namaMsanti, TukkaraM je karenti t|| itihAsa meM mahAvIra prathama vyakti haiM, jinhoMne mAnava janma ko itanA adhika mahatva diyA hai aura use durlabha mAnA hai| sabhI dharma devoM ko bar3A U~cA sthAna dete haiM, unake abhinna sukhoM kI kalpanA karate haiM, para mahAvIra kahate haiM ki yadi deva mokSa prApta karanA cAhate haiM, to unheM manuSya janma lenA par3egA aura brahmacarya-vrata dhAraNa karanA par3egA, kyoMki parama vItarAgatA aura cetanA kA UrdhvArohaNa manuSya janma meM hI ho sakatA hai| aise niSkAma sAdhaka ke caraNoM meM deva bhI namaskAra karate haiN| brahmacarya : adhyAtma jAgaraNa kA sUtra . brahmacarya adhyAtma cetanA ko jAgrata karane kA anokhA sAdhana hai| isameM sAdhaka Atmacintana karatA hai zarIra para vicAra karatA hai aura sAMsArika padArthoM para vimarza karatA hai, yahI adhyAtmavAda hai| isameM zarIra aura AtmA tathA sva aura para-padArthoM ke bIca sambandha para gaharAI se dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| yahA~ AtmA pradhAna aura zarIra gauNa ho jAtA hai| AtmA caitanyamaya hai aura zarIra acetana hai| AtmA avinazvara hai aura zarIra vinAzazIla hai| adhyAtma ke mUla tattva haiM- AtmA, AtmA kI manuSya, deva Adi paryAyeM, punarjanma, karma, mRtyu kI avazyaMbhAvitA, so'haM, ko'haM ke uttara kI khoj| ina tattvoM para jitanA gahana cintana niSpakSatA aura vizuddhatA se kiyA jAyegA, utanI hI viveka buddhi jAgrata hogI, utanI hI bhoktA kI sApekSatA samajha AyegI aura sthUla se sUkSma kI ora jAne kA sUtra hAtha lgegaa| ___ 2010_03

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128 ___saMsAra samasyAoM se bharA eka kaMTakAkIrNa jaMgala hai, jahA~ eka sAdhAraNa vyakti praveza karate hI bhayabhIta ho jAtA hai| para yadi usakI dhArmika cetanA kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai, buddhi ke sAtha hI viveka jAgrata ho jAtA hai to vaha nirbhayatA kI sIr3hiyA~ car3ha jAtA hai aura pralobhana se dUra rahakara apane Apako jAnane kA prayatna karatA hai| aisA nirbhaya aura vivekazIla vyakti hI saMsAra kI samasyAoM se dUra raha sakatA hai aura dUsare ko bhI sanmArga para lA sakatA hai| dharma kI kitanI bhI paribhASAyeM kara dI jAyeM para yadi ve hameM jIvana jIne kI kalA nahIM de sakI to una paribhASAoM meM adhUrApana hI rhegaa| abhaya, samatA aura kSamAzIlatA hI dharma hai| inhIM se jIvana-mUlyoM kI sAdhanA hotI hai| usameM sArvajanInatA, sArvakAlikatA aura sArvadarzikatA AtI hai aura AtmasAkSAtkAra kA dvAra udghATita hotA hai| mana korA kAgaja hai| hamArI bhAvanAyeM saMskAra aura vRttiyA~ usa para citrita ho jAtI haiM, jisase usakI svAbhAvikatA caMcalatA dviguNita ho jAtI hai| saMkalpa, vikalpa aura vicAroM ke antardvandvoM meM jhUlatA yaha mana vyakti ko sAdhanA se girAne meM koI kasara nahIM rkhtaa| isalie sAdhaka use ekAgratA kI DorI se kasakara bA~dha letA hai aura nirvicAra kI sthiti meM pahu~cane kA bharapUra prayatna karatA hai| isa prayatna meM vizuddha mAntrika zakti aura Antarika parIkSaNa usakA vizeSa sahayogI hotA hai| jIvana meM AdhyAtmikatA ko pallavita karane ke lie indriyoM para anuzAsana rakhanA Avazyaka hai| isake lie AhArazuddhi, samyagyoga tatpratisaMlInatA aura kAyotsarga jaise sAdhana upayogI mAne jAte haiN| indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhane vAlI kathAoM se sAhitya bharA par3A hai| bar3I mArmika aura hRdayavedhaka ye kathAyeM saMyama aura santoSa kI zikSAyeM detI haiN| yahI saMyama aura santoSa jIvana kA zRGgAra hai| kAMkSI aura asakta vyakti tanAvagrasta rahatA hai aura usase bImAriyoM ko Amantrita karatA hai| ahaM aura mada kA visarjana kara usase mukta hone ke lie sAdhaka ko kAyotsarga karanA caahie| citA samAna cintA ko dUra kara zarIra ke prati mamatva chor3a denA caahie| mAnasika ekAgratA aura dhyAna ke mAdhyama se tanAva-mukta huA jA sakatA hai| apane Apa para niyantraNa sthApita kara aura avegoM ko samApta karane kI dizA meM kadama bar3hAne se hamArI cetanA jAgrata ho jaayegii| jIvana kI talAza AdhyAtmikatA meM ho pAtI hai, anyathA sAdhaka niSThura-sA ho jAtA hai| mAnasika patana evaM cAritrika kSaraNa ke sAtha saMvedana zUnyatA A jAtI hai| vyakti vastu ke svabhAva para niSpakSa hokara cintA kare to vaha isa cAritrika patana se baca sakatA hai aura paryAvaraNa dUSita hone se utpanna samasyAoM se mukta ho sakatA hai, 2010_03

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129 AzA aura tRSNA ke kAraNa vyakti bhautika sAdhanoM ko ekatrita karatA hai| prakRti ke sAtha krUra vyavahAra karatA hai aura hiMsaka sAdhanoM kA upayoga kara sRSTi para prahAra karatA hai | tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne jisa ahiMsaka, saMyamita ora mAnavIya jIvana-paddhati kA sUtrapAta kiyA hai, usakA paripAlana karane se ye samasyAyeM utpanna hI nahIM hotI / paryAvaraNa ko surakSita rakhane aura sAmAjika santulana ko banAye rakhane meM jainadharma ne jo ahiMsA aura anekAnta ke siddhAnta diye haiM, ve nizcita hI bemizAla haiN| unakA yadi sahI DhaMga se paricAlana kiyA jAye to vizvazAnti prasthApita hone meM bar3I madada mila sakatI hai| bhautikatA kI andhAdhundha cakAcauMdha jIvana meM saMgharSoM ko Amantrita karatI hai / ananta AkAMkSAyeM apanI AzA ke para bAMdhe AkAza meM ur3ane lagatI haiM aura apUrta hone kI sthiti meM dhar3Ama se nIce gira jAtI haiM, paMkha kaTakara pAnI ke babUle jaise bikhara jAte haiN| saMsAra ke mAyAjAla ko satya ke kaTore meM lekara vyakti ghUmatA phiratA hai, aneka mukhauTe lagAkara usakI rakSA karatA hai aura dhakke laga jAne para vaha TUTakara bikhara jAtA hai| sArI jindagI kI yahI kahAnI hai / brahmacarya kiMvA adhyAtma bhItara kA dIpaka hai, jo isa kahAnI ko sahI DhaMga se, sahI A~khoM se dekhatA hai aura sUtra detA hai jIvana ko sahI DhaMga se samajhane kA, usake sAtha batayAne kaa| jaba taka mukhauToM ko alagakara satya kI RcAoM kA saMgIta kAno meM nahIM pahu~catA, taba taka hRdaya kI vINA ke tAra anakhule hI raha jAyeMge aura jIvana sUtra kaTate cale jaayeNge| paryuSaNa jaise pavitra parva aise bikhare sUtroM ko saMyojita karane kA eka amogha sAdhana hai, apUrva avasara hai jise hAtha se nahIM khonA cAhie / sandarbha 1. 2. savvaMgaM pecchaMto itthINaM tAsu muyadi dubbhAvaM / so bamhacerabhAvaM sukkadi khalu duddharaM dharadi / / jIvo baMbhA jIvammi ceva cariyA havijja jA jadiNo / te jANa bambharaM vimukkaparadehatittissa / / 3. jJAnaM brahma dayA brahma brahmakAmavinigrahaH / samyagatraM vasannAtmA brahmacArI bhavennaraH / / 4. AtmA brahma viviktabodhanilayo yattatra caryaM paraM svAGgAsaMgavivarjitaikamanasastad brahmacaryaM muneH / evaM satyabalAH svamAtRbhaginI putrIsamAH prekSate vRddhAdyA vijitendriyo yadi tadA sa brahmacArI bhavet / 2010_03 -- bA0 aNu0 801 bha0 A0 878 upAsakA0, 872 / - padma0 paMca0, 12.2 /

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sahAyaka grantha-sUcI atharvaveda .: artha sAhitya maNDala, ajamera, vi0saM0 1986. anagAra dharmAmRta : saM0 paM0 khUbacanda, zolApura, 1927. AcArAGgacUrNi : jinadAsagaNi, RSabhadeva kesarImala saMsthA, ratalAma, 1941. AcArAGgasUtra : AtmArAma jI, AtmArAma jaina pra0 samiti, ludhiyAnA, 1963-64. AdipurANa : AcArya jinasena, saM0 paM0 pannAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1963. AptamImAMsA : sanAtana jaina granthamAlA, kAzI. AvazyakacUrNi : RSabhadeva kesarImala saMsthA, ratalAma, 1928. Avazyakaniyukti : lA0 jaina pustako0 phaNDa, sUrata, vi0 1976. uttarapurANa : A0 guNabhadra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1954. uttarAdhyayanasUtra : anu0 AtmArAma muni, jaina zAstramAlA, lAhaura, 1929. upAsakAdhyayana : saM0 paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1962. uvAsagadasAo : vyAkhyAkAra AtmArAma muni, ladhiyAnA, upaniSadoM para jainadharma kA prabhAva : DaoN0 bhAgacandra jaina, dillI, 1996. : svAdhyAya maNDala, auMdha, 1940. aupapAtikasUtra : abhayadevasUrivRttisahita, devacanda lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra phaNDa, sUrata, 1937. Rgveda 2010_03

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kalpasUtra kaSAya prAbhRta kArtikeyAnuprekSA cAritrasAra cAra tIrthaGkara jayadhavalA jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA itihAsa jJAnArNava tattvArthasUtra 131 : samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jodhapura. : A0 guNadhara, bhAga 1, saM0 paM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI, digambara jaina saMgha, mathurA, 1944. : rAyacanda granthamAlA, 1960. : mahAvIra jI, rAjasthAna, vI0ni0saM0 2488. : paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI : amarAvatI : DaoN0 bhAgacandra bhAskara, nAgapura, 1977. tattvArtha zlokavArtika tattvArthabhASya tattvArthavRtti tattvArthasUtra tattvArthasAra : rAyacanda granthamAlA, 1907. : akalaMkadeva, saM0 DaoN0 mahendra kumAra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1953, 1957. : saM0 mANikacanda kaundeya, bambaI. : rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI, 1906. : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, banArasa, 1949. umAsvAti, anu0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, mathurA, vI0ni0saM0 2477. : jaina siddhAnta prakAzinI saMsthA, kalakattA, 1929. : AcArya yati RSabha, saM0 DaoN0 upAdhye, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 1951. : AcArya hemacandra, jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1906-1913. : saM0 A0 tulasI, terApanthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1963. : AcArya kundakunda, saM0 pannAlAla . tiloya paNNanti trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra dazavaikAlikasUtra dvAdazAnuprekSA 2010-03

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dhyAnazataka pravacanasAra 132 dIghanikAya : saM0 jagadIza kazyapa, bihAra sarakAra, 1956. : saM0 bAlacandra siddhAnta zAstrI. dhammasaMgahaNI : saM0 pI0 vhI0 vApaTa, pUnA, 1940. nandIsUtra : vyAkhyAkAra AtmArAmajI, ludhiyAnA, 1966. nizIthacUrNi : jinadAsa gaNi mahattara. prameyakamalamArtaNDa : mA0 granthamAlA, bambaI. : A0 kundakunda, rAyacandra jaina zastramAlA, bambaI, 1935. pravacanasAroddhAra nemicandra sUri, jIvanacandra sAkaracanda mukerI, bambaI, 1926. prazamaratiprakaraNa : umA svAti, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1950. paumacariyaM : prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI, vArANasI. padmapurANa : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1944. paMcasaMgraha (prAkRta) : mahAvIra vidyAlaya, bambaI. paMcAstikAya : A0 kundakunda, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1916. paJcaviMzatikA : jIvarAja granthamAlA, zolApura, 1932. bRhatkalpabhASya : AtmAnanda mahAsabhA, bhAvanagara, 1933. bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakA cintanaH DaoN0 bhAgacandra jaina, dhUliyA, 1976. bhagavatI ArAdhanA saTIka : saM0 sakhArAma dozI, zolApura, 1935. bhagavatIsUtra : abhayadeva sUri vRttisahita, jinAgama pracAraka sabhA, ahamadAbAda, 1922-31. bhagavAn mahAvIra : dalasukha malavaNiyA bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa : bhAga 1, DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNana 2010_03

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133 majjhimanikAya matsyapurANa madhyadeza mahAvIracaritra mahAvaMsa mokkhapAhuDa mUlAcAra mUkamATI : cetanA ke svara yazastilakacampU yogazAstra : saM0 jagadIza kAzyapa, bihAra sarakAra, 1958. : saM0 zrIrAma zarmA, 1965. : dhIrendra varmA, paTanA, 1967. : maphatalAla saMghavI ': Ananda kauzalyAyana : mANikacandra granthamAlA, bambaI, vi0saM0 1977. : anantakIrti granthamAlA, 1919. : le0 bhAgacandra jaina, nAgapura. : A0 somadeva, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, 1901-16. : jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1926. : saM0 zrIrAma zarmA, 1960. : saM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI. gItApresa, gorakhapura. : muni nathamala, lADanUM. : jJAna prasAraka maNDala, bambaI, vi0saM0 1961. : gItApresa, gorakhapura. : gujarAta purAtattva mandira, ahamadAbAda, saM0 1980. : Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara. : vIra sevA mandira, dehalI, vi0saM0 2021. : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, banArasa, 1955. liGgapurANa ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra viSNupurANa zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra zrAvaka prajJaptiTIkA zrImadbhAgavatapurANa sanmatitarkaprakaraNa samavAyAGga samAdhitantra sarvArthasiddhi 2010_03

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134 sAgAra dharmAmRta : mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi0saM0 1972. sUtrakRtAGga : Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara. sthAnAGga : seTha mANikalAla cutrIlAla, ahamadAbAda, 1937. samayasAra : ahiMsA mandira prakAzana, dehalI, 1958. varddhamAnacaritra : saM0 pannAlAla jaina. SaTkhaNDAgama : saM0 DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, amarAvatI, 1941-57. An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology edited by A. Ghosh, Delhi, 1989. Ayodhya--Archaeology after demolition by D. Mandala, Orient Longman, Hyderabad, 1993. Jainism in Buddhist Literature by Dr. Bhagchandra Jain, Nagpur, 1972. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1885. The Jain Stupa and other Antiquities of Mathura. 2010_03

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akampita agnibhUti acalabhrAtA anazana antakRddazAsUtra adhyAtma ariSTanemi abhigraha avataraNa anArya dezoM meM bhramaNa anekAntavAda ahaGkAra AkiJcanya AcaraNa AtmA Acelakya Abhyantaratapa indrabhUti indriyadamI indriyavRtti upasarga Unodara RSabhadeva RjutA auddezika kSamAvANI parva kSamA 2010_03 mukhya zabda-sUcI 50 kalpasUtra 49 kaThapUtanA 50 104 3,60 kAMTa 127 kevalajJAna 13 krodha 43 17 40 20, 60 gajasukumAra gaNadhara garbhApaharaNa gArhasthika jIvana gopAlaka 118 gautamakumAra 73-75 karNazalAkA kAyotsarga 58 jJAna 72 caturvidha saMgha 5 candanA 107 caNDakauzika sarpa 47 cAritrika vizuddhi chadmastha sAdhanA 103 115 35-44 105 10- 12,56 77-81 6 2 64-70 janma jina tyAga tantra paramparA taptadhUli tAmalI dazalakSaNa paramparA dAna 3, 27 41 44 110 124 45 66-70 61 47 30 32 43 61 100 52 43 38 110 33 31 19 112,120 123 42 101 4 113

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: 6 136 dharma dhyAna dhammacakkapavatana nigaNThanAtaputta nimittajJAna paryuSaNa 46 23 38 ra .6%8:2:52. 6.. 34,52 parinirvANa pUrvabhava paramparA pracAra-prasAra pratijJAyeM 0 105 0 prayAsa 107 7 | metArya 109 mauryaputra ratnatraya vrata lobha lohArgalA 1,2,5,6,27 vyakta vajjI gaNatantra 55 | varSAvAsa 15,28 / vAyubhUti vikathA vRttisaMkSepa vaiyAvRttya svapna sthAnakavAsI paramparA svAnubhUti 123 svAdhyAya 12 | satya sAdhanA sAmAyika .. 104 | sudharmA 121 | saMgama saMgha pramANa 39,42 saMkalpa 124, 126 saMyama 18,33 14-55 zAkAhAra 11 | zikSA-dIkSA 71-76 | zauca 116 64, 124 109 1 88,93 101, 119 prAyazcitta pArzvanAtha prAkRta brahmacarya bAhubalI bAlyAvasthA brAhmaNa saMskRti bAhya tapa bharata bAhubalI yuddha maNDita makkhali gozAlaka manovijJAna mahAbhiniSkramaNa mahAvIra mArIci mArdava mUrchA 109 50 | saMlIna 94,100 106 104 32 82-87 2010_03

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prophesara bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara janmatithi va sthAna : 1 janavarI 1939, bamhorI (chatarapura), ma0pra0 zaikSaNika yogyatA : ema0e0,pI-eca0DI0, DI0liTa niyuktiyA~ : san 1965 se pAli-prAkRta vibhAgAdhyakSa, nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya bhUtapUrva prophesara evaM nidezaka- jaina vidyA anuzIlana kendra, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya jayapura / vartamAna meM- prophesara evaM nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyaapiitth-vaaraannsii| mAnada nidezaka, sanmati zodha saMsthAna, nAgapura / sammAna : yU0jI0sI0 nezanala phelo, kaoNmana veltha phelo, zrIlaMkA, rAmapuriyA puraskAra, kundakunda jJAnapITha puraskAra, mahAvIra puraskAra, hastimala puraskAra, kendrIya sarakAra puraskAra Adi 15 purskaar| videza bhramaNa : amerikA aura yUropiyana dezoM kA aneka bAra bhrmnn| saMpAdaka : AnandadIpa, sudharmA, nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya jarnala, shrmnn| prakAzita pustakeM : jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA itihAsa, bauddha saMskRti kA itihAsa, bauddha manovijJAna, bhAratIya saMskRtIlA bauddhadharmAce yogadAna, dhammaparikkhA, yazodharacarita, caMdappahacariu, catu:zataka pAlikosasaMgaho, hevavratantra aadi| ____ 2010_03 |

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke mahattvapUrNa prakAzana 1. Studies in Jaina Philosophy Dr.Nathamal Tatia 100.00 2. Jaina Temples of Western India Dr.Harihar Singh 200.00 3. Jaina Epistemology IC. Shastri 150.00 4. Concept of Pancasila in Indian Thought Dr. Kamla Jain 50.00 Concept of Matter in Jaina Philosophy Dr. J.C. Sikdar 150.00 6. Jaina Theory of Reality Dr.J.C. Sikdar 150.00 7. Jaina Perspective in Philosophy & Religion Dr. Ramji Singh 100.00 8. Aspects of Jainology (Complete Set: Vols. 1 to 7) 2200.00 9. An Introduction to Jaina Sadhana Dr. Sagarmal Jain 40.00 ___10. Pearls of Jaina Wisdom Dulichand Jain 120.00 11. Scientific Contents in Prakrit Canons N.L. Jain 300.00 12. The Path of Arhat T.U. Mehta 100.00 13. Jainism in a Global Perspective Ed. Prof. S.M. Jain & Dr.S.P. Pandey 400.00 14. Jaina Karmology Dr.N.L. Jain 150.00 15. Aparigraha- The Humane Solution Dr. Kamla Jain 120.00 16. Studies in Jaina Art Dr. U.P. Shah 300.00 17. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (sampUrNa seTa sAta khaNDa) 630.00 18. hindI jena sAhitya kA itihAsa (sampUrNa seTa: cAra khaNDa) 760.00 19. jaina pratimA vijJAna DaoN0 mArutinandana tivArI 150.00 20. vajjAlagga (hindI anuvAda sahita) paM0 vizvanAtha pAThaka 80.00 21. prAkRta hindI koza sampAdaka- DaoN0 ke0 Ara0 candra 200.00 22. jaina dharma aura tAntrika sAdhanA pro0 sAgaramala jaina 350.00 23. gAthA saptazatI (hindI anuvAda sahita) paM0 vizvanAtha pAThaka 60.00 24. sAgara jaina-vidyA bhAratI (tIna khaNDa) pro0 sAgaramala jaina 300.00 25. guNasthAna siddhAntaH eka vizleSaNa pro0 sAgaramala jaina 60.00 26. bhAratIya jIvana mUlya DaoN0 surendra varmA 75.00 27. nalavilAsanATakam sampAdaka- DaoN0 surezacandra pANDe 60.00 28. anekAntavAda aura pAzcAtya vyAvahArikatAvAda DaoN0 rAjendra kumAra siMha 150.00 29. dazAzrutaskaMdha niyukti: eka adhyayana DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha 125.00 30. paJcAzaka-prakaraNam (hindI anu0 sahita) anu0- DaoN0 dInAnAtha zarmA 250.00 31. siddhasena divAkara: vyaktitva evaM kRtitva DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya 100.00 32. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma DaoN0 zrImatI rAjeza jaina 16.00 33. bhArata kI jaina guphAe~ DaoN0 harihara siMha 150.00 34. mahAvIra nirvANabhUmi pAvA: eka vimarza bhAgavatIprasAda khetAna 10.00 35. jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana DaoN0 zivaprasAda 200.00 36. bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina dRSTi se samIkSA DaoN0 dharmacandra jaina 200.0 37. jIvasamAsa anu0 - sAdhvI vidyutprabhAzrI jI 160.00 pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI-5 2010_03