Prabuddha Jivan 2018 10

Author(s): Sejal Shah
Publisher: Mumbai Jain Yuvak Sangh
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/526123/1

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ISSN 2454-7697 RNI NO. MAHBIL/2013/50453 prabuddha jIvana YEAR : 6 : ISSUE : 7 OCTOBER : 2018 PAGES : 212 * PRICE 30/gujarAtI-aMgrejI varSa - 6 (kula varSa 66) aMka - 7 . oNkTobara 2018 * pAnAM - 212 * kiMmata rUA. 30/ pazu jIvana bApu 45 satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha

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sarjana-sUci lekhaka sejala zAha sejala zAha bipina Azara nareza veda, nareza veda arUNa gAMdhI - anu. sonala parIkha nIlama parIkha vidyuta jozI rohita zukla jayendra dave rameza saMghavI. jayendra dave yazavaMta zukla sejala zAha nareza veda Tushar A. Gandhi bhAskara tannA nagInadAsa pArekha manasukha sallA devendrakumAra 2. desAI paMkaja jozI Usha Thakkar Brahmananda Satapathy sonala parIkha Avadhesh Kumar Singh hemanta dave caMdrakAnta zeTha caMdrakAnta zeTha mRdulA mAraphatiyA rameza ema. trivedI dhIrendra mahetA maMjubena jhaverI caMdrakAnta zeTha mahendra coTaliyA cittaraMjana vorA cittaraMjana mahezabhAI vorA ema. ela. dAMtavAlA manubhAI paMcoLI - 'darzaka Prachi Dhanvant Shah 22. re che. te niraMtara gAMdhIjI (taMtrI sthAnethI...) gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI nimitte : A aMka vizeSa saMpAdakano paricaya saMpAdakIya 5. gAMdhIjInI vyaktimattA bA ane bApu : ajara amara sakhya gAMdhIjInuM khovAyeluM ratna : harilAla gAMdhI 21 mI sadImAM gAMdhI ciMtana samatA ane zAtAmUlaka artharacanA ane gAMdhIvicAra 10. gAMdhIjInuM zikSaNa ciMtana 11, mahAtmA gAMdhInuM Arogya ciMtana 12. ciMtaka-mImAMsaka gAMdhIjI 13. sAhityakAra gAMdhIjI 14, sacoTa, pAradarzI, lokazikSaNa mATe patrakAratva 15. gAMdhIjInuM adhyAtmadarzana 9EUR. A Leader Who Never Lead : Mohandas Gandhi 17. gAMdhIjInI vakIlAta 18, gAMdhIjI prabodhita rojiMdA jIvananuM vyAkaraNa 19. gAMdhIjIno vratavicAra : rASTrajIvanano mUlAdhAra 20. mahAtmA gAMdhIjInA racanAtmaka kAryakrama aMgenuM vihaMgAvalokana 21. gAMdhInuM vijJAna Discovering New Horizons : Women and the Non-violent Struggle for Independence in India 23. Mahatma Gandhi And World Peace 24, be mahAmAnava - mahAtmA gAMdhI ane AcArya vinobA 25. Gandhi's Hind and His Swaraj 26, dakSiNa AphrikAnA satyAgrahano itihAsa ane gAMdhIjInI itihAsadRSTi satyanA prayogo athavA AtmakathA : satyArthInI svAnubhavakathA 28, 'maMgaLa prabhAta' gAMdhIjInAM pAvanakArI pagalAMnI akSara lipi ra9. virala karmayogI : mahAtmA gAMdhI 30. garavA gujarAtI pUjya gAMdhIbApunuM janmasthAna kIrtimaMdira 32. gAMdhIjI : prAgu - Adhunika, Adhunika ke anuAdhunika 33. gAMdhIjInI doDhasomI janmazatAbdIe vizvanI sauthI rasaprada vyakti : gAMdhI 35. mahAtmA TaoNlsaTaoNya ane mahAtmA gAMdhI 36. raskina vicAradarzana 37.. raskina ane mahAtmA gAMdhI 38. eka rUDuM kAma 36. A Perennial Dynamism thriving till date - Mahatma Gandhi! 40. gAMdhIjInuM vaMza vRkSa 41, gAMdhIjI jIvana ane kArya : sAlavArI 42. zrutajJAnanA mahAsAgaranAM motI 43, (micchAmi dukkaDamu) 'kSamA vIrasya bhUSaNam' | paMthe paMthe pAtheya - DaoN. amitA paTela eka anokhuM vyaktitva 45. gati, pragati-adhogati vinaya tathA vaiyAvacca tapanI anuprekSA 47. jIvanapaMtha :DaoNkTarano vyavasAya taMdurastIno che ke bimArIno? 48. zrI bhaktAmara stotra - AsvAda jaina paraMparAnA punarudhdhArako-zrI mohanalAla cunIlAla dhAmI : anokhA lokapriya dakSiNApathanI sAdhanA-yAtrA pa1. jJAna saMvAda sarjana-svAgata pa3, sapTembara aMka vizeSa : keliDoskopIka najare pa4, bhAva - pratibhAva 55. jo hoya mAro aMtima patra to mane 31, 108 114 117 129 134 139 143 145 149 151 156 159 164 167 172 178 180 183 184 34.. 189 190 191 192 195 kumArapALa desAI zazikAMta la. vaidya mohana paTela naTavara desAI subodhI satIza masAlIyA bhadrAyu vacharAjAnI ratanabena khImajI chADavA AcAryazrI vAtsalyadIpasUrIzvarajI pratApakumAra ToliyA subodhIbena satIza masAlIA pArvatIbena khIrANI upAdhyAya bhuvanacaMdrajI mahArAja 49. pI. 199 52, saI' nAma 203 204 212 prabuddha jIvaLa okTobara - 2018

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zrI muMbaI jena yuvaka saMgha patrikA (prAraMbha sana 1929 thI) prabuddha jIvana pAta" vArSika lavAjama rUA. 300/ | vikrama saMvata 2074 * vIra saMvata 2544* Aso suda -7 gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMkanA vidvAna saMpAdakaH DaoN. nareza veda mAnada taMtrI : DaoN. sejala zAha iNI rasthAnethI...he che niraMtara gAMdhIjI zA mATe pharI eka vAra gAMdhI vizeSAMka Avazyaka lAgyo ? e prApti, je caDhANa kare ene ja prApta thAya nahi ke nIce besIne evo sahaja savAla vAcakanA manamAM Ave ane huM mArI jAtane tALI pADanArane ! tema pratyeka mahine prabuddha jIvanano vAcaka paNa pUchuM ! potAnA saMpUrNa snehathI aMkanA mAdhyame vaicArika yAtrA karato hoya paNa je mAnavI pAse jatAM pratyeka veLA kaika navuM prApta thatuM tyAre tene A samakAlIna pravAhathI vaMcita kema rAkhavAno ? hoya, eka navI samajaNano setu racAto hoya tyAre ema thAya ke ApaNA sakSama vAcako pAse je gAMdhIsAhityanA vAMcananu anubhavaApaNe gAMdhIjIne hajI pUrA - bhAthuM che, te aMge goSThIno moko samajavAnA bAkI che. Aje je | " A aMkanA saujanyadAtA | maLyo che tene kema choDavAno? ApaNe samayamAM ApaNe jIvI rahyA chIe | sva. zrImatI kusumabena gulAbacaMda zAhanI | pharIpharI samayanI AvazyakatA mujaba tenA keTalAMka javAbo ukelo emanI | smRtimAM punaHvicAraNA karatAM rahyA chIe, vAtomAM che, emane je keTalAMka kaDavA karatAM rahezuM. satyo kahyA ane ApaNe te na | haste gulAbacaMda karamacaMda zAha gAMdhIjI- jemane lokoe mana AcaryA tenuM pariNAma Aje deza | nirmala gulAbacaMda zAha bharIne cAhyA, zIromAnya gaNyA, bhogavI rahyo che. Aje pAradarzI che AratI nirmala zAha vakhoDyA, Aropo paNa mukyA ane saMvAda ane vAtAvaraNanI ' chevaTe aMkti paNa karyA. tame cAho AvazyakatA che, je aMgenI aneka vAto gAMdhIjInA patro, DAyarIo, to paNa temane avagaNI na zako, bhAratano koI paNa ItihAsa ke vRttapatramAMthI maLI Ave che. paNa ApaNe e phakarAo ke e koI paNa draSTikoNathI ItihAsa lakhAya tyAre temAM, tamAre temane pAnAMo vAMcavAnuM sagavaDatAthI cUkI gayA chIe, to A nAno mATe jagyA phALavavI ja paDe. eka evI vyakti-vibhUti, jenA prayatna gAMdhIjInA vicArone sAhityane pharI ApaNAmAM jAgRti astitvanI avahelanA jAta sAtheno daMbha lAge che, temane samajavA karavAno, sIMcana karavAno. gAMdhIjInI janmajayaMtInuM A 150muM kaI keTalAye sImita vADAone toDavA paDe, Aje jemane lAbha varSa, sArdha zatAbdI varSa. anekoneka kAryakramo thaze, prakAzano thaze khAtara, gAMdhIne potAnA karavAno prayatna karyo, teo du:khI thayAM ja. tame ema paNa pUchI zako ke to ApaNe aMka kema karI rahyA ane kaMI na maLyuM paNa jemane temanA vicArone, potAnA kAryane chIe ? gAMdhIvicArothI ujjavaLa karyA, temane AMtarika cetanA ane prakAzano spaSTa bAbata che ke koI parvata caDe to UMcAI enA caDanArane viziSTa anubhava thayo ja. mahAtmA mAtra bhAvathI pAmavA mATe prApta thAya nahi ke anyane, e thAka, e hAMpha, e takalIpho ane nahi paNa kAryathI anusaravA mATe che, e bAbata bhUlI javAI che. * zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha, 926, pArekha mArkeTa, 39, je.esa.esa. roDa, kenaDI brIja, operA hAusa, muMbaI - 04. phonaH 23820296 mo.: 9137727109 * junI ophisa sthaLa saujanya : zrI manISabhAI dozI zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMghano baeNnka A/c. 0039201 000 20260, benka opha inDiyA IFSC:BKID0000039 * Website : www.mumbai-jainyuvaksangh.com email : shrimjys@gmail.com Web Editor : Hitesh Mayani-9820347990 oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha) ( 3.

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gAMdhIjInA caritrane jayAre samajavAno prayatna karIe chIe upavAsa e mAtra AhAranA baMdhana sudhI sImita nathI. ekavIsa tyAre samajAya che ke eka jIvanamAM ATaluM vizALa kArya karavuM zakya divasanA upavAsa pachI anAsaktinI eka sAva navI vyAkhyA bane kharuM ? potAnA kArya aMgenI ATalI sabhAnatA kaI rIte gAMdhIjI Ape che, "je phaLa pratyakSa dekhAtuM nathI, tene vize daDha keLavI zakAya che? jenI manuSyane sauthI vadhu khevanA hoya che, te che vizvAsa rAkhavo e anAsakti che, jema ke kAMtavAthI ApaNe potAnuM zarIra ane enI kALajI, A zarIra para thatI pIDA sahana svarAja meLavazuM e zraddhAmAM Asakti hovAM chatAM , te anAsakti karavI sahelI nathI hotI, ane e pIDA thAya tyAre badhA ja che.' teo samajAve che ke jema rAma nAmamAM Asakti rAkhanAra sidhdhAMto bAju e mUkI devAya che, paNa gAMdhIjI jenuM nAma ! manuSyane Asakta na kahevAya kAraNa e manuSya anya bAbatamAM kasturabAnI bImArI ke saMtAnonI bImArI daramyAna temane potAnA anAsakta che. e ja niyama reMTiyAne lAgu paDe che. mArI ATalI vicAro nahotA badalAvyA, videzI davA pote to na ja letA paNa hAMsI thavA chatAM mAro vizvAsa reMTiyA vize daDha che. Ama upavAsa sAthIo mATe na levAno Agraha rAkhatA. paNa sAthe eka avakAza daramyAna potAnI kriyA ane vicArone satata mAMjavAnuM kArya teo paNa ApatA ke jo manuSya Icche to lai zake paNa huM enI karatAM hatAM. anumati nahi ApuM. gAMdhIjI ane kastUrabAno eka saMvAda A gAMdhIjInI IcchA na hovA chatAM aneka lokoe emane potAnA saMdarbhe joIe to khyAla Avaze ke sahayajJanA be sAthIo kevA prauDha gurU ke saMta kahIne navAjyA. chatAM emanI vinamratAmAM leza mAtra ane AtmasaMyamI hatAM, 194ranA aitihAsika ogasTanA pahelA pharaka na Avyo ke na potAnA jIvanamAM AcaraNamAM. je prApta thayuM pakhavADiyAmAM gAMdhIjIne pakaDavA sarakAra AvI hatI tyAre temanI che te aMge satata vicAratAM ane enI parIkSA karI ene vadhu pAse vikalpa hato ke 'jo kasturabA na Icche to sarakAra mAtra pAradazI banAvatA, kyAreka ema lAge ke bhUtakALamAM lIdhelo gAMdhIjIne pakaDIne lai jAya athavA temane mAMdagInA kAraNe rAhata niyama khoTo che to tene svIkArI badalAvavAmAM temane kadI saMkoca maLe.' kastUrabAnI IcchA tyAre pUchavAmAM AvI hatI, na thato. kasturabA gAMdhIjIne pUche che , 'paNa mAre zuM karavuM?' saMtuSTinA mArge pravAsa karatAM rahevuM ane jIvananI cetanAne gAMdhIjIe kahyuM, "mArI IcchA ja jo pUche to tuM hamaNAM mArI satata prajvalita karatAM rahenAra A netAne samajatAM vadhune vadhu sAthe AvavAne badale Aje zivAjI pArkamAM mAre sAruM je sabhA samajaNa prakAzita thAya che. temaNe satata-nitya jAta tapAsa karI, goThavavAmAM AvI che, te sabhAmAM mArA vatI bhASaNa karIne alaga jIvanane samagratAmAM jotAM, vyakti-samAja-dharma-saMskRti-mUlyo-bhASApakaDAya ema huM IcchuM. paNa tane mArI sAthe AvavAnuM, mana hoya caritra A badhAne ekasAthe gUMthIne teo jotAM. eka tarapha temaNe to huM tane rokIza nahi. emeya bane ke tane alaga pakaDe to pachI arthanIti, rAjanIti, samAjanItine mAnavIya jIvana ane vyavahAra tane mArI sAthe na paNa rAkhe. e badhuM vicArI tAre nirNaya karavo sAthe sAMkaLIne eka sarvagrAhI citra racyuM. gAMdhIjI eka vyakti joIe'. hatA jemane potAnA vicArone potAnA jIvanamAM AcaryA hatA. ane kasturabAe kSaNavAramAM nirNaya karyo, 'mArI IcchAnuM gAMdhIjIe mAtra bhAratane briTIza saltananI sattAmAMthI mukata thavAno pUcho to mane A TANe tamArI sAthe rahevuM ja game. paNa ethIye mArga nathI dekhADyo paraMtu potAnA baMdhano, potAno pUrvagraho ane vadhAre mane tamArI IcchA pUrI karavI game, eTale huM rokAI potAnA UbhA karelA vikArothI mukta thavAno ane caritrane ujAgara jaIza'. karavAno mArga manuSyane dekhADyo. eka ahiMsaka samAjanI temanI A adabhUta saMvAda bannenA paraNita jIvananI AdhyAtmika kalpanAne, ane ene racanAtmaka rUpa ApavA teo nitya ghaniSTatA ane premanI uMcAIne darzAve che. Aje ghaNIvAra ApaNe AtmanirIkSaNa, AtmamaMthana, AtmaparIkSaNa karatAM Atmazuddhino jIvanane judA judA cosalAmAM vibhAjI daIe chIe, savAre mArga jAta dvArA besADyo. prArthanA karyA pachI divasa daramyAna sArA bhAvanI AvazyakatA ja ApaNA cittamAM eka Adarza vyaktitva sthApita hoya che, nathI hotI. upavAsa daramyAna je kArya karAya te upavAsane anukULa jene ApaNe anusaravA IcchatA hoIe che, sAmAnya rIte manuSya, che ke nahi te vicAratuM nathI. karAtAM kAryane ane AdhyAtmika A Adarza tarIke evA pratIkane pasaMda kare che, jenA viSe tene dhArmika laya nathI ApI zakato. jANe banne judA judA hoya tema aneka kathAo sAMbhaLI hoya paraMtu jIvatA joyA na hoya. enA vartana thAya che ane ene riyAlisTIka eproca ema kahevAya che. pratye bhaktibhAva hoya, samarpaNa hoya paNa siddha karavAnuM Ave tyAre AvA be bhinna vartana dvArA manuSya pote ja potAne chetarato hoya pAchA paDAya ane sAMbhaLavuM paDe ke zradhdhA pAse purAvAnI zuM che, je mATe satata AtmanirIkSaNa Avazyaka che, je gAMdhIjI jarUra? paraMtu AvA vyaktitva pAse, tArkika buddhi pAchI paDe. jayAre karatAM, satata karatAM. gAMdhIjI ApaNA samayamAM thai gayelA evA saMta hatA jene (4) (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018

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AinsTAina kahetA tema keTalAka varSo pachI manuSyo mAnaze nahi ke Avo eka yuga puruSa thai gayo hato. je sAmAnyarUpamAM asAmAnya lAge tevA anekoneka kArya gAMdhIjInA jIvanamAMthI maLI Ave che. Aje ApaNane asAmAnya lAge tevuM jIvana teo jIvyA, je vicAra azakya lAge, tene teo AcaraNamAM mukatA ane pote ja teno anubhava letA. dezamAM thayelI hiMsAnI javAbadArI potAnA para levAno eka vizALa abhigama mAtra nahi paNa A rASTranI pratyeka vyakti jemane temanA para vizvAsa mUkyo, temane sukhI ane ektAryuM vAtAvaraNa ApavuM, tevI vicAraNA teo dharAvatA. gAMdhIjIe jIvanabhara upadeza nathI ApyA paNa AcaraNa ApyuM, vicAra nathI ApyA paNa dRSTikoNa Apyo, lokone e mArga para cAlavA mATenuM dharma ane Atmazakti keLavavAnI tAkAta ApI. lokone potAnI rIte svataMtra banI vicAratAM vicaratAM zIkhavyuM. ApaNe joI zakIe chIe ke e surajanA tApamAM koI baLI nathI. gayuM paNa badhA ja nAnA dIvaDA, mazAla banIne eka kUcanA pravAsI banyA. bahu agharuM hoya che koIne aMdarathI keLavavuM, khAsa karIne prajA/samUha eka nirNaya mAgatI hoya ane ene anusaravA talapApaDa banatI hoya, gAMdhIjIne evA ToLAM nahotA joItA, teo IcchatA ke temanI hAjarI gerahAjarI vagara paNa satya-ahiMsA jIvanano bhAga bane. temane prabhAva nahoto pAtharavo. temane manuSyanA svabhAvane samajIne eno bhAva keLavavo hato. teo bhASA, bALako ramata, sIvaNa ke A jagatanA zullakamAM zullaka lekhAtA ke mahatvanA lAgatAM koI paNa viSaya para bolI zakatA, carcA karI zakatA. kAraNa temane jIvananI pratyeka bAbatone sarvagrAhI rUpe joI che, eTale ja emanA ciMtanamAMthI samagra jIvana manuSyalakSI abhigama maLe che, je dareke darekane potAno ane svIkArya lAge che. khyAla Ave ke keTaluM pAradarzI ane saraLa jIvyA. pRthvI para Avo manuSya hato jene samAjajIvanane potAnA hRdayamAM dharIne kArya karyuM, emAM koI daMbha ke AkarSaNa janmavAno bhAva nahoto. potAnA sidhdhAMto mAtra zabdothI nahi paNa potAna jIvana dvArA mUkI ApavAnuM kArya temane karyuM. 2018mAM sAdhano ke yaMtronI akta nathI. mahenata ane nasIbathI saMpatti bharapura maLI rahe che. kompyuTara mitra ke roborTa ekalatA ane khAlIpAne oLaMgI zake che. je bhUmi para rahIe chIe tyAMnI saMskRti sAthe sahajarUpe ja ApaNe ApaNI nijI saMskRtine bhUlIne bIjAnI saMskRti apanAvI laIe chIe, ApaNA mATe badalAva ane nijI oLakhane bhUlavuM e vacce bheda ja nathI rahyo. kSaNika prApti, kSaNika Aveza ane sva-vartuLano pariveza ApaNane anukuLa AvI rahyo che. zabdo je dhANInI jema ApaNA ja mukhamAMthI phUTI rahyA che tenI sAthe ApaNane koI ja levAdevA nathI paNa ApaNe satata ema ja vicArIe chIe ke A zabdothI huM bIjAne prabhAvita karI dauM mAta dauM, paraMtu A zabdo ApaNI javAbadArI che, A zabdo sAthe ApaNo aMtara-AtmA sahamata thavo joIe, A zabdo je hradayanA UMDANamAMthI pragaTyA che, tenuM satya ApaNI potAnI javAbadArI che, gAMdhI vAMcane mane A zIkhavyuM. huM je boluM chuM te mArI javAbadArI che ane te jo meM sidhdha na karyuM hoya to bIjA pAse huM sidhdha na ja karAvI zakuM. sau prathama mAre mArI jAtane pAmavAnI che, samajavAnI che, tapAsavAnI che, hRdayamAM kaTutA, tiraskAra, spardhA, IrSA laIne thato nirNaya kyAreya yogya nathI hoto. huM samAjamAM saphaLa thAuM paNa jAta sAthe asaphaLa rahyuM ke daMbhI rahuM to e jIvananuM adhUrApaNuM kahevAya. gAMdhIjIe mAnavasamAja, sRSTinuM ektApaNuM svIkArI e bhedane samajavAno ane pachI oLaMgavAno prayatna karyo. je emanI sAthe hatAM te emanA para nirbhara nahotA paNa te badhA ja svAvalaMbI bane tevo gAMdhIjI prayAsa karatAM. emanA pratye emane lAgaNI ke bhAva nahotA evuM nahotuM paNa e dvArA, teo sAcA arthamAM sahunA bApu banatA. pazu pratye karuNA dAkhavato samAja pahelA potAnA spardhaka, najIkanA loko, jAta sAthe karuNA dAkhave te jarUrI che. jIvananI jIta anyane harAvavAmAM nahi, jAtane jItavAmAM, jAtanI jItane oLaMgI javAmAM che. gAMdhIjIne khasI jatAM AvaDyuM ane potAnA vicArane pratikuLa paristhatimAM, jAta mahenata dvArA laDatAM AvaDyuM. 15mI ogasTanA divase lAlakillA paranI gAMdhIjInI gerahAjarInI noMdha levAmAM ApaNe UNA utarIe emAM mahAtmAe kaI gumAvAnuM nathI. ApaNe ApaNI samaja ane atisamajane tapAsavAnI che. virodha ane vikAsa, nakAra ane sakAra sAthe ja cAle. emaNe satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha Aje hajI e peDhInA thoDAka jaNa jIvI rahyAM che, jemaNe gAMdhIjIne pratyakSa joyA hatAM ane evA paNa loko che, jene emane joyA nahotA paNa emanA sidhdhAMto pratyenI atuTa zradhdhA, potAnA bahu nikaTanA pUrvajo pAsethI meLavIne e anusAra vartyA. paNa Aje je yuvA varga che, jene A bemAMthI eka paNa paristhiti pratye ahobhAva anubhavyo hoya, evuM bhAgye ja vartAya che, potAnA samRddha yAMtrika vizvathI sabhara vAtAvaraNamAM temane ItihAsanAM A pRSTha pratye samabhAva kayAM keLavyo che? gAMdhIjI eka evI rASTrIya cetanA ke mazAla che jene aneka hRdayane sacetana karyA. Aje ApaNI pAse evI aneka dalIlo che ane ApaNe emanA vizenI keTalIka pracalita vAtone AdhAre vAto karatAM hoIe chIe tyAre ema thAya ke emanA jIvananA badhA tabakkAone jo emanA jIvana kArya sAthe joDIne vAta karIe to oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka

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purato prayatna karyo, enAM samanvaya aMge. paNa jayAre te na karI jeTalA mathazuM eTalA ApaNe ja sabhara thazuM, ApaNA ja mATe A zakatA tyAre, ene Izvara IcchA kahI, e bAbata choDI AgaLa ApaNA gAMdhIjIno aMka. mAtra satya nahi paNa satya mATenI zraddhA, cAlatA. kAraNa emanI najara ethI paNa vadhu moTA citra para e ahiMsA mATenA prayAsa ane caritra mATeno puruSArtha eka mAnavane samaye rahetI. adhiko-mAnava banAvato hoya che, hAlamAM to ATaluM ja ! - gAMdhIjI eka deDha puruSArthano dhasamasato dhodha cetanA hatI, 2 DaoN. sejala zAha jene aneka diveTane prajvalita thavA mATe yogya rIte taiyAra karI, Mobile : +91 9821533702 svAvalaMbI karI, jAte pragaTa thatAM zIkhavyuM AvAM bApune samajavA sejalshah702@gmail.com (saMparka samaya bapore 2 thI rAtanA 9 sudhI) hitya jJAnasatra zrI prANaguru jaina seMTara Ayojita puSpAbena bhupatabhAI bAvIzI ha. yogezabhAI prerita jaina sAhitya jJAnasatra - 18 kAMdivalI pAvanadhAma tA. 20 ane 21 okTo. 2018nA yojAze. | tatvaciMtaka pUjya DaoN. tarUlatAjI mahAsatIjInI pAvana nizrAmAM yojAnAra A satranA pramukhasthAne padmazrI DaoN. kumArapALa desAI bIrAjaze. | DaoN. abhaya dozI, sureza gAlA, DaoN pArvatI khIrANI, DaoN. ratanabena chADavA, DaoN. sejala zAha, maNIlAla gAlA, guNavaMta baravALiyA, cImanalAla kalAdhara sahita pAMtrIsa vidvAno vividha viSayo para zodhapatro prastuta karaze. | DaoN. kumArapALa desAI ane guNavaMta baravALiyA saMpAdita ''jaina vizvakoza''nuM vimocana dinezabhAI modInA haste tathA guNavaMta baravALiyA saMpAdita vidvAnonA prApta zodhapatrono saMcaya - ane jaina dharma'nuM vimocana khImajIbhAI chADavAnA haste thaze. jaina patrakAratva kSetre viziSTa sevA pradAna karanAra patrakAronuM sanmAna thaze. A prasaMge 'pAhiNI devIekapAtrIya abhinaya arcanA zAha dvArA pU. hemacaMdrAcAryanA jIvana ane sarjanane pAhiNIdevInA bhAvavizva dvArA prastuta karAze. zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha, prabuddha jIvana - tathA je. somaiyA senTara phora sTaDIjha Ina jainIjhama, muMbaI sAthe maLIne Ayojita kare che. AMtararASTrIya sImpojhIyana jainIjhama H bhUta, vartamAna ane bhaviSya parisaMvAda vize : jaina dharma vizvano sauthI prAcIna dharma che. vizvanA aneka praznonuM samAdhAna jaina dharmamAM maLI Ave che. enA bhavya bhUtakALanI sAme Aje AvanAra bhaviSyamAM aneka praznono sAmano jaina dharme karavAno rahe che tyAre dharmanA mULa tatvane pharI sudaDha karavA, A parisaMvAdanuM Ayojana karyuM che. tArIkha : 27mI oNkaTobara 2018 samaya : savAre 9 thI 4 vAgyA sudhI sthaLa: I : somaiyA, vidhAvihAra, ghATakopara (pUrva), muMbaI - 400077. Icchuka vyakti saMparka kare. zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha : 9137727109 -taMtrIzrI vizeSa noMdha : prabudhdha jIvanamAM prakaTa thatAM sarva lakhANo, citro ane phoTo kopIrAITathI surakSita che. prathama prakAzanano puraskAra cukavAya che. tyAra bAda TrasTa te sAmagrI koI paNa svarUpe punamudrita karavAno haka pote dharAve che. tA. 1lI eprila 2016 thI paradeza mATenA lavAjamanA dara nIce pramANe raheze. 1 varSanA lavAjamanA $ 30 0 3 varSanA lavAjamanA $ 80 0 5 varSanA lavAjamanA $ 100 0 10 varSanA lavAjamanA $ 200/ vArSika lavAjama ApazrI $ (Dolara) mAM mokalAvo to $ pAMca beMka cArjisa umerIne mokalazo. (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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| gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI nimitte : A aMka vizeSa paryuSaNa pUrA thayA pachI vAcaka mitrone micchAmi dukkaDama khamAvatAM-khamAvatAM, eka satata vicAra Avato ke evuM to zuM karuM ke prabuddha vAcakonI divALI utamottama bane, bIjI tarapha gAMdhIjInI sArdha zatAbdInA benDanI dhUna roja saMbhaLAtI. 'muThThI bhItaranI AjhAdI' pustakanA anubhava pachI gAMdhIjIno ane emanA vicArono prabhAva manomastISya para raheto paNa pharI pharI nakkara kAma karavAnI hoza paNa thayA karatI. te divaso daramyAna narezabhAI veda sAthe paryuSaNa vyAkhyAna aMge avAranavAra vAta karavAnuM banatuM. mArA adhyApanakALanA AraMbhanA varSothI emano Achero paricaya ane pachI emanA pustako dvArA emanA prati Adara keLavAyo. eTale eka divasa khuba ja dhIrethI narezabhAIne vinaMtI karI ke mAre gAMdhIjI para vizeSAMka karavo che ane bahu judI rIte ene koI AkAra ApI zake tema hoya to tame ja cho, tame karI Apazo?potAnA vakhANa vakhate sAmAnya rIte ekadama cupa thai jatAM narezabhAI emanA gamatAM viSaya gAMdhIjI para vAta na kare tema to na banyuM paraMtu emaNe mane keTalAka nAmo sUcavyA, jeo karI zake ane aMka mATenI rUparekhA taiyAra karI ApavAnI paNa taiyArI batAvI, emanA atyaMta vyasta kAryo aMge paNa vAta karI, paNa e nakkI hatuM ke narezabhAI A kArya nA kare, to na ja karavuM. mAro avAja ane utsAha thoDA maMda pADI gayA ane emaNe e noMdhyuM. kArya karatI vyaktine potAnA bhoge paNa sahAya karavAnI emanI udAranIti ane niSThAthI ghaNA paricita che. be-traNa divasanA virAme pharI vAta upADI ane narezabhAI veda mAnI gayA. pachI emanI cIvaTa ane vizvane Tebala para lAvI, goThavIne zreSThattama ApavAnI bhAvanAthI aMka uttama banyo. kaI-keTalAye saMdarbho, saMparko ane pustako ane lAyabrerIne khuMdatA narezabhAIne 'uMmara thai ke samaya nathI' evo bAdha na naDyo. A kArya daramyAna ekAdavAra emanA patnI mAta-vatsala zrImatI umAbahena sAthe vAta thai ane sahasA teo bolI uThyA +are sejalabahena, A tamArA gAMdhIjI amArA gharamAM cAretarapha phare che, jyAM juo tyAM gAMdhIjI ja gAMdhIjI. umAbahenano A sUra phariyAdano nahi paNa narezabhAI ATalA varSo pachI paNa viSayamAM kevA magna thai jAya che, te darzAve che. emano oraDo ghara atyAre gAMdhI viSayaka pustakothI bharelA haze, e kalpanA ja emanI viddhatAnI khAtrI Ape che. temanI jJAnatarasa chIpAtI nathI ane utarottara prabaLa bane che, jene kAraNe bhAvakane prApti thAya che. kuTuMbanA sAtha sahakAra vinA kyAM kazuM zakya banatuM hoya che? saMskRta bhASAnA vidvAna umAbahena ane narezabhAInuM dAMpatyajIvana sukhI ane pUraka dAMpatyajIvananuM sarasa udAharaNa che. emanA sahapravAsa ane jJAnapravAsanI utarottara pragati mATe paramakRpALune prAthIe. A samaye ApaNe sahu prabuddha parivAranA sabhyo emanA pratye vizeSa AbhAra mAnIe ane emanuM RNa svIkArIe. A aMka daLadAra banyo ane kAryabhAra paNa vadhyo eTale tArIkha sAcavavAnI agharI bane ane e samaye sahAya karanAra, prUpha karI ApanAra bipInabhAI zAha, puSpAbena parIkha, gItAbena varuNa ane bAkI badhA ja eDaminisTrezanamAM madadarUpa bananAra pravINabhAI darajI, dhanarAja zAha, mahendrabhAI khAravA ane harizacandrabhAInI doDAdoDane kema visarAya, AbhAra. prinTara zaradabhAI gAMdhI vagara A badhuM zakya na ja bane eTale emano paNa AbhAra mAnuM chuM. A aMkanI samagra Arthika javAbadArI zrI gulAbabhAI zAhe svIkArI, emanA sohArda ane premALa svabhAvane mAtra praNAma. narezabhAI tamArI A jJAna yAtrAnuM bhAthuM amane haMmeza maLatuM rahe , evI vinaMtI sejala zAha oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha) (7.

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A aMkanA vidvAna saMpAdaka DaoN. nareza vedano paricaya 'veda sAheba'nA AdaravAcaka nAmathI jANItA DaoN. narezacaMdra lakSmIdAsa veda rAjyanA ane rASTranA anekavidha sajjatA dharAvatA zIlabhadra zikSaNavida ane saMskAra puruSa che. adhyayana, adhyApana, vyaktitva ane cAritrya ghaDatara, vAMcana, lekhana, saMzodhana, jJAna vistaraNa ane saMsthA saMcAlana jevI nAnAvidha pravRttiomAM zarIka thaI chellA pAMtrIsa varSothI teo sevAo ApI rahyA che. trIjI mArca ogaNIso aDatAlIsamAM temano janma temanA mosALa goMDalamAM thayelo. emanuM vatana morabI ane jJAti bhATiyA. meTrika thatAM sudhImAM gujarAtI bhASAnA pratiSThita sarjako ane ziSTa mAnya graMtho uparAMta hindI, urdu, baMgALI, marAThI bhASAnA khyAtanAma sarjako premacaMdajI, gAlIba, jibAna, TAgora, khAMDekara vagerenA sAhityagraMthonuM vAMcana paNa kareluM. sAthosAtha kAvya, nATya ane kathAkRtionuM sarjana ane prakAzana karela. jJAti samAjamAM yuvaka maMDaLanI sthApanA karI emAM graMthAlaya zarU karela. carcAsabhA vastRtvasabhA ane pravAsonuM Ayojana paNa karela. tyArabAda morabInA jJAti samAjamAM TrasTI maMDaLamAM rahI cauda varSa sudhI sevAkArya kareluM. emano vidyAbhyAsa tejasvI rahyo hato. gujarAtI mukhya viSaya sAthe temaNe sana 1968mAM bI.e.nI padavI prathama varga sAthe meLavI hatI. sana 1971mAM ema.e.nI padavI ane 1978mAM pIeca.DI.nI padavI hAMsala karI hatI. ema.e.mAM mukhya viSaya gujarAtI sAthe gauNa viSaya hindI pasaMda karelo. temAM eTalI prabhutA prApta karI ke kolejomAM paNa hindI viSaya AsAnIthI bhaNAvyo. hindImAM mAtRbhASA jeTalI sahajatA ane saraLatAthI teo lekhana ane udbodhana karI zake che. DaoN. IzvaralAla ra. davenA mArgadarzana heThaLa emaNe laghunavalanA svarUpa vize thIsisa taiyAra karIne pIeca.DInI padavI prApta karI hatI. teo ema.phila. ane pIeca.DI.nI padavI mATenA yunivarsiTI mAnya mArgadarzaka paNa che. temanA mArgadarzana heThaLa 35 vidyArthIoe ema.phila.nI ane agiyAra vidyArthIoe pIeca.DInI padavI prApta karI che. | snAtaka kakSAe yunivarsiTImAM dvitIya krame hoI temane anusnAtaka abhyasa mATe bhArata sarakAra dvArA nezanala skolarazIpa enAyata thayelI. sana 1987mAM yunivarsiTI grAnTasa kamizana, nyu dilhIe emanI saMzodhaka tarIkenI kArakirdInA vikAsa mATe cAra lAkha rUpiyAnI Arthika sahAya sAthe kariyara eNvaoNrDa enAyata karelo. e nimitte emaNe prAcIna bhAratIya kathAnAtmaka sAhitya'no Indepth Study taiyAra karI Apyo hato. hari OM Azrama dvArA emane AMtara yunivarsiTI eNvaoNrDa paNa maLela che. emanA vivecana graMthane gujarAta sAhitya akAdamInuM pAritoSika paNa maLeluM che. kathanAtmaka sAhityanA gaNa mAnya vidvAna hovAne nAte saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa dvArA temanA saMzodhana jarnala 'vAkaknA kathanakaLA mImAMsA nAmaka vizeSAMkanuM saMpAdana emane AmaMtrita karI atithI saMpAdaka tarIke soMpAyela hatuM. | gujarAtI viSayanA adhyApaka tarIke emanI kArakirdIno AraMbha dhrAMgadhrAnI zAhU zrIyAM prasAda jaina ArTsa enDa komarsa koleja dvArA 1969mAM thayo hato. e pahelAM emaNe benka opha baroDAmAM morabI khAte sarvisa karI hatI. dhrAMgadhrA bAda morabI ane rAjakoTathI kolejomAM sAta varSo sudhI emaNe adhyApaka tarIke sevAo ApI hatI. sana 1971thI anusnAtaka adhyApaka tarIke mAnyatA maLatAM emaNe tyArathI ja jAmanagara ane rAjakoTa khAte anusnAtaka adhyApana kArya kareluM. sana 1977mAM saradAra paTela yunivarsiTImAM anusnAtaka vibhAgamAM joDAI sana sAta varSa vyAkhyAtA tarIke ane paMdara varSa rIDara tarIke sevAo ApI hatI. tyArabAda emanI varaNI prophesara tarIke thaI hatI. svAdhyAya, zista ane vidyArthIpriya adhyApaka tarIke emanI khyAti phelAyelI che. emanA vizALa vAMcana, gahana adhyayana ane saphaLa adhyApanane lakSamAM rAkhI bhAvanagara, rAjakoTa, pATaNa, amadAvAda, vaDodarA ane surata sthiti gujarAtanI jANItI badhI yunivarsiTIoe temaja muMbaInI yunivarsiTIe vIjhITIMga phelo ane vIjhITIMga prophesara tarIke temaja abhyAsa samitinA sadasya, parIkSaka, saMvivAda-goSThionA saMcAlaka tathA mArgadarzaka temaja salAhakAra tarIke emanI sevAo meLavI che. (satya- ahiMsA- aparigraha prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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adhyayana ane adhyApana uparAMta saMzodhana ane prakAzana emanI priya pravRttio rahI che. sana 1980-81 daramyAna emaNe yu.jI.sI. navI dilhInI Arthika sahAyathI novela opha AIDiyAjha' para saMzodhana kArya karyuM hatuM. tyArabAda e ja saMsthAnI sahAyathI sana 1989 thI 1991 daramyAna 'ana InDetha sTaDI opha InDiyana nereTiva liTarecara' e viSaya para eka atyaMta mahattvanuM saMzodhana kArya karyuM hatuM. e uparAMta emaNe A Dictionary of literary Terms ane 'Dictionary of Linguistics' paNa 1981 thI 1987 daramyAna taiyAra karI hatI. e uparAMta jJAnanA cAreya kSetrone AvarI letA cALIseka viSayonI paribhASAnI DIkSanarI taiyAra karavAnA kAmamAM teo varSo sudhI vyasta rahyA hatA. hAla teo 'enasAyaklopIDiyA opha liTarecara enDa kalcara." 'enasAyaklopIDiyA opha hinduijhama'nA adhikaraNo taiyAra karI rahyA che. emaNe lakhelAM adhikaraNo DaoN. dhIrubhAI ThAkara saMpAdita 'gujarAtI vizvakoza'mAM paNa prakAzita thayelA che. pustaka paricaya, pustaka samIkSA tathA sAhityanA aneka muddAone sparzatA saiddhAMtika temaja vyAvahArika vivecana tathA saMzodhananA aMdAje so jeTalA emanA lekho gujarAtI, hindI ane aMgrejI bhASAnA adhikRta sAmayikomAM prakAzita thayelA che. Aja sudhImAM emanA dasa pustako prakAzita thayAM che. navalakathAH zilpa ane sajena (1983), 'kathAvimarza' (1983), 'bhAvasetu' (1984), 'gujarAtI kathAvizva: laghunavala' (1985), 'gujarAtI kathAvizva : navalakathA' (1986), 'laghunavalavimarza' (1991), 'kathAyoga' (1985), 'ena InDetha sTaDI opha ensIyanTa InDiyana neregiTava liTareTara' (1996), 'jIvanamAM ane zikSaNamAM sarjanazIlatA', ". balirAma heDagevAra' (2004) vagere mukhya che. haju ATalA ja graMtho prakAzita thAya eTalI chapAyelI sAmagrI emanI pAse upalabdha che. vallabhavidyAnagarathI prakAzita thatAM sAmayika 'vi'mAM thoDo vakhata saMpAdana maMDaLamAM emaNe sevAo ApelI. e uparAMta gujarAta rAjyanI gujarAta sAhitya akAdamInA sAmayika 'zabdasRSTi'nA parAmarzaka tarIke pAMca varSa emaNe sevAo ApI hatI. - saurASTra yunivarsITI, rAjakoTa, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda ane rAjasthAna yunivarsiTI, jayapura ema traNa yunivarsiTIonI ekeDemika sTApha kolejanA salAhakAra tarIke temaNe sevAo ApelI che. temaja e kolejonA aneka orienTezana ane rIphrezara konA uddhATaka ane rIsorsa parsana tarIke sevAo ApelI che. saradAra paTela, saurASTra, gujarAta ane bhAvanagara yunivarsiTIonI vividha samitionA sabhya, salAhakAra ke adhyakSarUpe emaNe kAmagIrI bajAvelI che. A cAreya yunivarsiTIonA Board of Studies, phekalTI, ekeDemika kAunsIla, sinDIkeTa, seneTa jevA sattAmaMDaLomAM sabhya ane adhyakSarUpe sevAo ApI che ane hAla paNa Apa rahyA che. emanI vyaktitA, vidvavatA, kAryaniSThA ane nipuNatA, vahIvaTa saMcAlana kuzaLatA vagere lakSa karIne gujarAta sarakAre saradAra paTela yunivarsiTI pAsethI emanI sevAo lona rUpe mAgI sana 1999mA saurASTra yunivarsiTInA pro-vAIsa cAnselara tarIke nimaNuMka karI hatI. emanI kAryadakSatA ane vahivaTI kuzaLatA joI nava mAsanA TUMkA gALAmAM emane pramozana ApI traNa varSa mATe emanI sevAo gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAdanA vAIsa cAnselara tarIke lIdhI hatI. tyAM ativRSTi, bhUkaMpa, komIdaMgala jevI AsamAnI tathA manuSyopArjita Apattio vakhate emaNe bajAvelI udAharaNarUpa kAmagIrInI kadara bUjhI bIjA traNa varSa mATe bhAvanagara yunivarsiTI bhAvanagaranA vAIsa cAnselara tarIke temanI nimaNuMka karI hatI. tyAM teo e pada upara hAla sevAo ApI rahyA che. gujarAtI viSayanA teo eka mAtra adhyApaka che jemaNe gujarAta rAjyanI cAra cAra yunivarsiTIonA sattA maMDaLamAM kAmagIrI bajAvI hoya. jemAMthI traNa yunivarsiTIonI to mukhya vahivaTI adhikArI tarIke temaNe dhurA saMbhALI che. gujarAta yunivarsiTInA kulapatipade hatA tyAre temaNe kulapati pada saMbhALavA uparAMta ejyukezana miDIyA risarca senTara, zramika vidyApITha, janazikSaNa saMsthAna, senTrala skUla, zAhIbAga jevI saMsthAonA ceramena tarIke yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa, amadAvAdanA temaja sleTa ekjhAma kamiTI vaDodarAnA sabhya tarIke paNa sevAo purI pADI hatI. A uparAMta yu.jI.sI. hyumana risarca DevalapamenTa senTara, vidyAnagaranA DAyarekTara tarIke sevAo ApI hatI. | eka tejasvI adhyApaka, vidvAna saMzodhaka, dRSTivaMta vahIvaTakartA ane savyasAcI zikSaNavida tarIke emanI AgavI pratibhA upasI che. sAbhAra DaoN. bipina Azara ane gujarAtIno adhyApaka saMgha oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha)

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saMpAdakIya | chellA thoDAM varSothI 'prabuddha jIvana' varSamAM eka vakhata gAMdhI vizeSAMka pragaTa karatuM rahyuM che. paraMtu gAMdhIjInI 150 mI janmajayaMti nimitte daLadAra gAMdhI vizeSAMka pragaTa karavAnuM nakkI karI, e aMkanuM atithi saMpAdaka tarIke mAre saMpAdana karavuM evuM TharAvIne, mane e kAma soMpyuM, e mATe huM zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha ane 'prabuddha jIvana' nA mAnada taMtrI DaoN. sejalabahena zAhano RNI chuM. huM e sauno aMtaHkaraNathI AbhAra mAnuM chuM. | A varSa emanI sArdhazatAbdInuM varSa hoI aneka sAmAyiko vizeSAMko athavA vizeSa lekho pragaTa kare e svAbhAvika che. e saMjogomAM gAMdhIjInA jIvana ane kArya vize navesarakhI prakAza pADe evA lekho meLavI A aMkanuM saMpAdana karavuM ema vicArIne meM A aMkamAM, keTalAMka AgalI peDhInA ane keTalAMka hAlanI peDhInA lekhakone vinaMtI karIne, lekho meLavIne pragaTa karavAnuM goThavyuM che.jethI enI adhikRtatA ane pramANabhUtatA jaLavAya. - A hetuthI gAMdhIjInA dAmpatyajIvana, kuTuMba prema ane netRtva vizenA lekho emanA kuTuMbIjano pAsethI meLavyA che. gAMdhIjI ane vinobA vizenA lekha paNa emanA kuTuMbI pAsethI maLayA che. jyAre gAMdhIjI ane TaoNlsToya, gAMdhIjI ane raskina vizenA lekho DaoN. dAMtavAlA, manubhAI paMcoLI ane cittaraMjana vorA jevA gAMdhI abhyAsIo pAsethI meLavyA che. - gAMdhIjInA vicAro ane ciMtanane navesarathI mUlavavA e viSayane sAmAjika ciMtana, Arthika ciMtana, zaikSaNika ciMtanA, Arogya ciMtana ane dArzanika ciMtana - ema alaga alaga vibhAgamAM vaheMcIne DaoN. vidyuta jozI, DaoN. rohati zukla, DaoN. zAstrI jayendra dave, zrI rameza saMghavI jevA vidvAno pAse lekho taiyAra karAvyA che. e lekhomAM gAMdhIjInA e viSaya vizenA vicAro zA hatA ane AjanA saMdarbhamAM enI prastutatA keTalI che, e spaSTa thAya evo dRSTikoNa rAkhyo che. tyArabAda sAhityakAra gAMdhI, patrakAra gAMdhI, karmayogI gAMdhI, vakIla gAMdhI ema jIvananAM judAM judAM kSetromAM emaNe karelI kAmagIrI ane emAM emanI lAkSaNikatA kevI che e bAbata upasAvavAno khyAla rAkhI yazavaMta zukla, DaoN. sejalabena zAha, DaoN. mRdulAbena mAraphatiyA, bhAskara tannA jevA ArUDha abhyAsIonI sahAya lIdhI che. - gAMdhIjIe ApeluM rojiMdA jIvananuM vyAkaraNa, emaNe prabodhelA mahAvrato, emano vijJAna taraphane abhigama, emanuM bhASAkarma, emanI strIunnati ane zaktikaraNanI pravRtti, emanI daSTie vizvazAMti sthApavAno mArga vagere viSayo upara AcArya nagInadAsa pArekha, manasukha sallA, DaoN. paMkaja jozI, DaoN. rameza trivedI, uSAbena Thakkara, DaoN. brahmAnaMda satyathI jevA vyutpanna vidvAnonA lekho samAvyA che. - gAMdhIjIe karelA vipula lekhanamAMthI 'hiMdasvarAja' 'satyanA prayogo' 'dakSiNa AphrikAnA satyAgrahano itihAsa' ane 'maMgaLaprabhAta' jevA cAra agatyanA graMtho vize DaoN. avadheza kumAra siMha, DaoN. caMdrakAnta zeTha, ane DaoN. hemaMta dave jevA maulika vicArakonA lekho meLavIne lIdhA che. | chelle gAMdhIjI vyaktimattA ane adhyAtmadarzana vize be lekho meM lakhyA che paraMtu gAMdhIjInA vyaktitva ane kRtitvano samIkSAtmaka dRSTie paricaya maLe e hetuthI maMjubena jhaverI ane bArnolDa ToyalbInA lekho samAvyA che. emanI doDhasomI janmajayaMti ApaNe sau utsAhapUrvaka sArdhazatAbdI ujavIe to zA mATe ane kevI rIte ujavIe e vize DaoN.caMdrakAnta zeThano dyotaka lekha samAvyo che. | chelle gAMdhIjInA jIvananI sAlavArI ApI che ane emanuM kuTuMbavRkSa paNa darzAvyuM che. gAMdhIjI vize seMkaDo pustako aneka bhASAomAM lakhAyAM che, eTale e badhAM pustakonI vistRta sUci ApavAnuM kAma to ghaNuM adharUM bane, eTale gujarAtI, hindI ane aMgrejI bhASAmAM lakhAyelAM keTalAMka jUnAM ane keTalAMka navAM cUMTelAM pustakonI sUci mUkavAnI icchA hatI, paraMtu sAmAyikanI pRSThasaMkhyAne lakSamAM letAM e vicAra paDato mUkyo che. - gAMdhIjIe karelAM AMdolano, emaNe ApelA racanAtmaka kAryakramo, emaNe lakhelA patro, emaNe yojelAM pratIko, emanA neharu, saradAra, jinhA, . AMbeDakara sAthenA saMbaMdho, emano vaizvika prabhAva vagere viSayo vize paNa A aMkamAM lekho samAvavA hatA. e mATe keTalAka vidvAna mitrone kAma paNa soMpyuM hatuM. paraMtu eka yA bIjA kAraNasara teo lekha lakhIne ApI zakyA nathI. (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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emaNe nimaMtraNa svIkAreluM che eTale have pachI paNa emanA lekho maLaze to mane zraddhA che ke 'prabuddha jIvana'nA taMtrI te avazya chApaze. AjakAla vAMcatA vicAratA ciMtana manana karatA ane lakhatA lokonI saMkhyA ghaTatI jAya che. eTale jeTalA loko AvA kAryamAM sakriya che emanA bhAge ja AvuM kAma karavAnuM Ave che. e kAraNe emanI vyastatAo ghaNI hoya che. tema chatAM mArI vinaMtIne mAna ApIne je je vidvAnoe lekho mokalI ApyA che, ane jeoe lekha mokalavAnuM svIkAryuM che paNa jeo nathI mokalI zakyA e sauno huM kharA hRdayathI AbhAra mAnuM chuM. A kAryanI javAbadArI mane soMpanArano to kharo ja, paraMtu A kAryamAM viSayo, lekhako, saMdarbho vagere sUcavIne sahAya karanAra sau sahAyakono tathA adhyApaka, saMzodhaka, vivecaka, kaTAralekhaka ane vaktA tarIkenI mArI anekavidha pravRttimUlaka jaMjALomAMthI samaya kADhI A kAma karavAmAM mArA taraphathI thayelA vilaMbane hasatA mukhe nirvANya gaNI, rAtadivasa prinTIMga, prupha rIDIMga, mudraNa prakAzananI pravRttimAM lAgI rahelA rAjeza prinTarInA sahRdayI saMcAlako zrI zaradabhAI ane zrI bhAvinabhAI gAMdhIno paNa huM AbhAra mAnuM chuM. chelle huM eTaluM ja kahIza ke It is not a hasty product of a single day, but well repended fruit of wise delay. gAMdhI jayaMti 2 jI okTobara 1918, vallabha vidyAnagara phona naM. 02692 - 233750 mobAIla naM. 09727333000 Which chaill ni mchor ag kumAbharaNa paTelona A nT 112 rahyA e 02 10ne te hAtha va bAja sahuM 11). e satnanI 4 oN 1punAne aMja bIjI baLo 2 61 ma A sabhA 2yA nI 752 tema sva lichanka pa+nme poLa taM rAma che prAhanI boTa vaDA sonI kArarAnI net vinaya 14+ ga aa namaLe tan G LaxLakhI je La] te tAhi L n rafna 1.5. DaoN. nareza veda 'kadamba' baMgalo 35, prophesarsa sosAyaTI moTA bajAra, vallabha vidyAnagara pina koDa 388120 maeseon sAmAnya vahevAramAM asatya na bolavuM ke na AcaravuM eTalo ja satyano artha nathI. paNa satya e ja paramezvara che ne te sivAya bIjuM kazuM nathI. e satyanI zodha ane pUjAne aMge ja bIjA badhA niyamonI AvazyakatA rahe che ane temAMthI ja temanI utpatti che. A satyanA upAsaka pote kalpelA dezahitane sAru paNa asatya nahIM bole, nahIM Acare. satyane arthe te prahlAdanI jema mAtApitA'di vaDIlonI AjJAno paNa vinayapUrvaka bhaMga karavAmAM dharma samaje. oNkTobara- 2018 prabhuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka - mohanadAsa karamacaMda gAMdhI saujanya : mAruM jIvana e ja mArI vANI satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 11

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gAMdhIjInI vyaktimattA DaoN. nareza veda gujarAtI bhASA-sAhityanA sevAnivRtta variSTha adhyApaka. ucca zikSaNanA kSetramAM 45 varSono adhyayana, adhyApana ane saMzodhanano bahoLo anubhava, vAMcana ane lekhana uparAMta jJAna - vistaraNa ane saMsthA saMcAlana jevI pravRttiomAM zarIka, brAhmaNa, jaina ane bauddha dharma ane tattva darzananI paraMparAnA jijJAsu, savAso jeTalA zodhapatra ane 20 pustakonA lekhaka, "janmabhUmi-pravAsI', 'prabuddha jIvana', 'setu', 'vi' vagere sAmAyikonA niyamita lekhaka. aneka puraskArothI sanmAnita. koIpaNa vyaktinI oLakha ApaNane enA vyaktitva ane vANI ane vartanamAM ekAgratA hatI. teo ja vicAratA te ja cAritrya dvArA thAya che. gAMdhIjInI oLakha para ApaNe e rIte bolatA ane je bolatA tevuM ja vartana karatA. mana, vacana ane karI zakIe. evI oLakha karavAnuM zarU karIe pahelAM ApaNe karmanI susaMgatatA emanA vyaktitva ane cAritryanI AdhArazilA vyaktitva (Personality) ane cAritra (character) eTale zuM hatI. prema, maitrI, karuNA, muditA ane binaaMgatatAthI emano e samajI levuM joIe. vyaktitva eTale vyaktino zArIrika ane piMDa ghaDAyo hato. emanA paga dharatI para hatA ane emanI bhASika dekhAya. zArIrika dekhAvamAM ApaNe vyaktino zArIrika karuNAmayI AMkha kSitija para maMDAyelI hatI. mAnavajAte sadIothI bAMdho (dubaLo-pAtaLo ke huSTapuSTa), teno varNa (gaura, ghauvarNo ke arjita karelI virAsata ane dharoharane vaiyaktika pratibhAnA puruSArthathI zyAma), tenuM kada (nAnuM-ThIMkaNuM ke uMcuM), tenuM rUpa (AkarSaka ke saMbaMdhita ane samarthita karIne bhaviSyanI prajAne pUMjIrUpe soMpI anAkarSaka) - vagere bAbatono samAveza karIe chIe. jyAre jatAM A vatsala vaDIlanuM vyaktitva eka mahAnAyakanuM che. cAritryanI bAbatamAM vyaktinA naitika ane mAnasika valaNo ane mAro to janma ja emanA dehAvasAna pachI thayelo, eTale meM lakSaNonI tapAsa karIe chIe. vaLI, jema vyaktitvanI oLakhamAM gAMdhIjIne pratyakSa joyA nathI tema sAMbhaLyA nathI. paraMtu emanA vyaktinA vAkuabhivyakti kauzalane tapAsIe chIe, tema vyaktinA khudanAM pustako vAMcatAM, emanA vize lakhAyelAM pustako vAMcatAM cAritryanI oLakhamAM tenI aurmika, bauddhika, naitika ane AdhyAtmika ane khAsa karIne svargastha nArAyaNa desAInAM pustako vAMcatAM kakSAnI tapAsa karIe chIe. vyaktinA vyaktitva ane cAritryane emanA vyaktitvanI je kAMI AgavI vizeSatAo mArA dhyAnamAM oLakhavAnA ApaNA mAnadaMDo A che. AvI che, tene AdhAre emanI vyaktimattAne oLakhAvavAno eka A mAnadaMDone AdhAre ApaNe gAMdhIjInI vyaktimattAne namra prayatna huM ahIM karuM chuM. oLakhavAno eka prayAsa karIe. jo ke A prayAsa rajakaNa sUryanAM satyaniSThA : kiraNo gaNavA ane varNavavA bese evo du:sAhasika che. chatAM eka emanuM samagra jIvana satyane samajavA ane pAmavAnA prayogarUpa manoyatna karIe. hatuM. bALapaNathI ja teo satyanA upAsaka banyA hatA. emaNe gAMdhIjInA zarIrano bAMdho dubaLo hato. sIdhA soTA jevuM satya sivAya bIjI koI bAbatane potAnI niSThA arpaNa karI nA TTAra zarIra, cAla jhaDapI, mAthe AchopAtaLA vALa, moDhe nAnI hatI. satya sivAya anya koInI zistane teo mAnatA na hatA. mUMcha, AMkhe pAtaLI dAMDIvALA goLa kAcanA cazamAM, paMDe Aka emane mana satya sivAya bIjo koI paramezvara na hato. potAnAmAM potaDI, uparanuM Dila ughADuM, vANI sAdI ane TUMkI, na to emanI satyanA Agraha sivAya bIjI koI vizeSa zakti hoya tevuM mAnatA pAse javAharalAla neharU jevuM mohaka vyaktitva hatuM. na hatI na hatA. teo potAne satyanA nama paNa satata prayatnazIla zodhakarUpe saradAra paTela jevI dhAradAra vANI. prathama darzane ja mANasane mohI jotA hatA. teo potAne satyanA pUjArI ane satyamArganA eka le, AMjI nAkhe, mUka ke bhakta karI nAkhe evI vapu, vastra ane vaTemArgu mAnatA hatA. satya sivAyanI koI kArya-karAmata ke rAjaramata vANInI jhalaka, camaka ke bhabhaka hatI nahIM. chatAM samAjanA sAva teo jANatA na hatA. teo kahetA ke jIvanamAM mane eka ja chevADAnA adanA mANasathI mAMDI moTAmAM moTI gajAsaMpatavALA vastunI paDI che, ne te pratikSaNa satyanArAyaNanI vANIne anusaravAnI zAsako, ciMtako, sevako, mAMdhAtAo sau emanAthI prabhAvita potAnI tatparatAnI, A satyanI zodhamAM emaNe ghaNA vicArono thayA, evo kayo karizmA emanAmAM hato? e karizmAM hato tyAga karyo hato ane ghaNI navI vastuo teo zIkhyA hatA. emanA sugrathita vyaktitva ane cAritryano. emanA vicAra, teo kahetA ke mAre mana satya ja sarvoparI che ane emAM 12) (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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agaNita vastuono samAveza thaI jAya che. A satya te sthaLa AcAra pratye hamezAM jAgarUka hatA. suparamenanuM koI glemara vAcAnuM satya nahIM. A to jema vAcAnuM tema vicAranuM paNa kharuM. emanA para savAra thayeluM na hatuM. A satya te ApaNe kalpeluM satya ja nahIM, paNa svataMtra cirasthAyI emanI jAgarUkatAnA pramANarUpa emanA zabdo ja juo. huM satya; eTale ke paramezvara ja. satya e ja Izvara che, e sivAya mArI jAtane eka mahAna udezane mATe kAma karI rahelA aneka bIjuM kAMI A jagatamAM nathI, evo mAro vizvAsa dinapratidina kAryakartAo paikIno eka adano kAryakara mAnuM chuM. ethI sTeja paNa vadhato jAya che. huM pUjArI to satyarUpI paramezvarano ja chuM. e eka vizeSa nahIM. kSudramAM kSudra mANasane jevuM mAMsa rudhiranuM khoLiyuM ja satya che ane bIjuM badhuM mithyA che. e satya mane jaDayuM nathI, maLeluM che, tevuM ja ghaDImAM saDInohI jAya evuM khoLiyuM mane maLeluM paNa huM eno zodhaka chuM. e satyano huM sAkSAtkAra na karuM tyAM lagI che, ane tethI kSudramAM kSudra prANInA jeTalo ja huM paNa doSane pAtra mAro aMtara AtmA jene satya gaNe che te kAlpanika satyane mAro chuM. mArI sevAmAM puSkaLa truTio che. huM 'dhana aMdhakAramAMthI AdhAragaNI, mArI dIvA-dAMDI gaNI, tene Azraye mAruM jIvana huM prakAza tarapha rasto kApato eka dunyavI jIva chuM. huM vAraMvAra bhUlo vyatIta karuM chuM. A mArga jo ke khAMDAnI dhAre cAlavA jevo che, tema ja khoTI gaNatarIo karuM chuM. chatAM mane e sahelAmAM sahelo lAgyo che. satyathI bhinna koI mahAtmA houM ema mane lAgatuM nathI. huM eTaluM jANuM ke paramezvara hoya evuM meM anubhavyuM nathI. satyanI mArI pUjA mane paramezvaranI sRSTimAM huM eka alpa jIva chuM. huM mahAtmA nathI ema rAjyaprakaraNamAM kheMcI gaI che. koIpaNa manuSya saMpUrNa satya joI jANuM chuM. alpAtmA chuM evuM mane barobara bhAna che. tethI mahAtmApade zakato nathI. tethI teNe potAnA dilamAM je satya lAge te pramANe mane kadI bhamAvyo ke bhUlAvyo nathI. mAruM mAhAbhya mithyA uccAra AcaraNa karavuM rahyuM ane enA pAlanamAM dhArmika rasto levo rahyo. che. te pada to mArI bAhyapravRttine - mArA rAjaprakaraNane - AbhArI Avo dhArmika rasto e che ke satyanA pAlana karatAM marI javuM. che. te kSaNika che. keTalIka vakhata to e vizeSapaNe mane atizaya tethI teo kahe che, jyAM jyAM mane kaMI satya jaNAya che tyAM duHkha paNa dIdhuM che. e vizeSaNathI huM phalAI gayo houM evI eka huM tene upADI lauM chuM ane enuM AcaraNa karavAno prayatna karuM chuM. paNa kSaNa mane yAda nathI. avicArI ToLAnI pUjAthI huM kharekhara satyano rasto choDI devo, e ja kharuM du:kha che. TakanAruM eka satya kaMTALI gayo chuM. che, bAkI badhuM kALanA juvALamAM taNAI javAnuM che. tethI sau koI mane vairAgI ke saMnyAsI kahevo e khoTuM che. satata ane mane choDI jAya, toye mAre to satyane ja pokArI pokArIne jAhera prAmANikapaNe dehanI halakI mAgaNIo sAme huM jhajhUmI rahyo chuM. karavuM rahyuM. Aje mAro avAja aphATa jaMgalamAM ekalo haze, toye huM jANuM chuM ke mAre haja vikaTa mArga kApavAno che. tene sAru mAre te jo satyano avAja haze, to bAkI badhA avAjo cUpa thaI jaze, zunyavata banavAnuM che. mArAmAM bIjA karatA kazuM khAsa aizvarya che tyAreya te saMbhaLAyA karaze. satya e ja hari, e ja rAma, e ja evo huM dAvo karato nathI. huM rasUla hovAnoya dAvo karato nathI. nArAyaNa, e ja vAsudeva. satyane meLavyA pachI tamane kalyANa ane Izvara ghaNIvAra rAvarANA karatAM, tenA banAvelA alpamAM alpa sauMdarya baMne maLI rahe. evA satya ane evA sauMdaryanI huM jhaMkhanA prANIomAM jovAmAM Ave che ema jANato hovAthI, e alpa karuM chuM ane jIvuM chuM, ane ene mATe huM prANa ApuM. prANIonI sthitie pahoMcavAne huM mathI rahyo chuM. huM eka ati nitya jAgarUkatA : sAmAnya manuSya chuM, ane alpamAM alpa manuSyane je lAlaco keTalAka abudha ane keTalAka prabuddha lokono khyAla evo che vaLage che ane je nabaLAIo naDe che tenAthI huM mukta nathI. huM ke bhale kevaLa gAMdhIjIne kAraNe ApaNI prajAne AjhAdI nathI to eka paDato AkhaDato, mathato bhUlato ane pharI pharI prayatna maLI, emAM anya keTalIka vyaktio ane samaya-saMjogono phALo karato apUrNa jIva chuM. hato, paraMtu gAMdhIjIe potAne eka yugapuruSa rUpe joyA hatA ane mArI maryAdA pratye huM sajAga chuM. A sajAgatA e ja ekamAtra enI glemaramAM hatA. A vAta satyathI vegaLI che. gAMdhIjI mArI zakti che. huM mArA jIvanamAM je kAMI karI zakyo chuM te bIjA tatkAlIna dezavidezanI paristhitithI vAkepha hatA, tema potAnI koI kAraNane lIdhe nahIM, paraMtu mArI maryAdAone samajI zakavAnI jAtanA paNa AkarA parIkSaka hatA. e samayanA tamAma netAomAM kSamatAne kAraNe ja. mArI maryAdA huM samaju chuM. huM bhUlo karuM chuM sauthI vadhu kSamatAvAna ane UMcA netA pote che, evuM e kyAreya ane e bhUlo kabUla karatAM kadI acakAto nathI. huM khullekhullo mAnatA na hatA. jema emanA vyaktitvamAM koI karizamAM na hato, ekarAra karuM chuM ke eka vaijJAnikanI mAphaka huM jIvananA keTalAMka emanA manamAM koI Asakti na hatI tema emanA cAritramAM paNa 'zAzvata satyo' vize prayogo karI rahyo chuM. chatAM vaijJAnika hovAno koI AtmavaMcanA na hatI. teo potAnA vicAra, uccAra ane paNa dAvo huM karI zakato nathI. kemake huM vAparuM chuM te paddhatio oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (13

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vaijJAnika dhoraNe yathArtha che evuM koI pratyakSa pramANa huM ApI zakuM vicAramAM akhilAI : ema nathI, temaja Adhunika vijJAna mAge che tevA prayogonA koI emaNe jIvanane dhIratAthI ane samagratAthI joyuM hatuM. jIvanane pratyakSa pariNAmo mArA prayogomAMthI nIpajelAM huM batAvI zakuM tema ane mANasanI jiMdagIne alaga alaga khAnAmAM vaheMcIne joI na nathI. zakAya; kemake jIvananAM tamAma aMgo, kAryo, ghaTanAo ane pravRttio pote nathI sAdhu, saMnyAsI, guru ke mahAtmA e vAtanI spaSTatA paraspara saMkaLAyelAM hoya che, ema teo mAnatA hatA. jema emaNe avAra navAra karI che. potAnA eka paNa nirNaya upara zarIranAM aMgaupAMgo vacce sajIva ane prANamaya saMbaMdha che, tema potAnAmAM rahelA rAjakAraNIno prabhAva emaNe kadI paDavA dIdho jIvananA dareka kSetro ane emanA viSayAMgo vacce paNa evA ja na hato. kahevuM joIe ke teo conscience keeper hatA. saMbaMdho che. jIvana ane jagata vacce sAvayava ekatA che, tethI enAM potAnI jAtane tapAsatA rahevuM e emanI Teva na hatI; emano koI kSetra ke viSaya vize AMzika rIte vicArI zakAya nahIM, ema svabhAva hato. teo mAnatA hatA. tethI je kSetra ke viSaya, pachI te samAja, nitya vikAsazIlatA : rAjakAraNa, arthakAraNa, dharma, Arogya, keLavaNI, sevA ke koIpaNa temanA jIvanamAM sthagitatAno nahIM, paNa vikAsazIlatAno hoya, teno vicAra ene TukaDAomAM vaheMcIne karavAne badale akhaMDa nitya anubhava thAya che. teo prasaMgo, ghaTanAo, banAvo, rUpe karatA hatA. vicArabhUta viSayanA mULamAM jaI, tenI sAthe bhAvanAo, vicAro vagerenuM satya samajavA mathAmaNa karatA rahetA saMbaMdhita badhAM aMgono tema ja tenAM pariNAmo ane tenI asarono hatA. enA pariNAme emaNe agAu e bAbato vize pragaTa karelA vicAra eka sAthe karatA hatA. udAharaNa tarIke ApaNI parataMtratAno vicAro pAchaLathI satya samajAtAM badalAtA rahetA. ene kAraNe vicAra ApaNA bhIrupaNAne kAraNe, mAMhomAMhanA kusaMpane kAraNe, emanA vize keTalIka vAra gerasamajo thatI rahe che. udAharaNa AtmabaLanA abhAvane kAraNe, nirakSaratAne kAraNe - ema vividha tarIke temanA varNAzrama vizenA khyAlo. paNa loko e bhUlI jAya kAraNone laIne che. eTaluM ja nahIM ApaNe videzI yaMtro ane che ke gAMdhIjIe jJAti ane jAtibhedane vakhoDyA hatA, paNa zAsakonA abhigamane svIkAryo ene kAraNe che ane emAMthI varNanI upayogitA navA saMdarbhamAM navI rIte ghaTAvIne svIkArI ugaravAno IlAja abhaya. saM5. AtmavizvAsa zikSaNa ane hatI. eka samaye teo potAnA AzramamAM eka jAtinAM lokonAM svAzrayamAM rahelo che, ema samajhatAmAM Akho prazna vicAre che. lagnane maMjUrI ApatA hatA ane emane AzIrvAda paNa ApatA dezamAM garIbI, bekArI, bImArI, jAtibheda, komadharma vidveSa, hatA. paraMtu pAchaLathI A bAbata aMgenA emanA valaNamAM pheraphAra gulAmI che to enAM kAraNo kayAM che. enuM nidAna thaI zake ema thayelo. jJAtijAtinA bhedo dUra karavA emaNe evuM valaNa akhatyAra che ane nirAkaraNa paNa thaI zake ema che - ema kAraNa, nidAna, karyuM hatuM ke lagna karavA mAgatAM lokomAMthI eka pAtra suvarNa hoya upacAra badhI bAbatono samagratAthI vicAra kare che. ApaNI ane bIjuM pAtra harijana hoya to ja emanAM lagnamAM hAjarI maryAdA ja e hoya che ke ApaNe aNIne vakhate samasyAno pRthakapaNe ApI, temane AzIrvAda ApatA. mahAdevabhAInA putra ane vicAra karatA hoIe chIe ane enA tatkAla pUratA kAmacalAu emanA khoLAmAM ucharelA nArAyaNa desAI urphe bAbalAnA kissAmAM adhoc ukelo vicAratA hoIe chIe. jyAre gAMdhIjInI vizeSatA paNa teoe apavAda karyo na hato. agAu gAMdhIjI khajUrInA ja e che ke e koI paNa vAta, viSaya ke samasyAno pUro samaya jhADa kApI nAkhavAnA matanA hatA; kemake enI aMdarathI tADI ApIne dhIrajapUrvaka vicAra karatA hatA. samagra dRSTie vicAra taiyAra thatI hatI. paraMtu pAchaLathI jyAre emane khyAla Avyo ke karatA hatA ane eno ukela paNa kAyamI zo hoI zake e rIte emAMthI nIro nIkaLe che, emAMthI goLa bane che, mATe khajUrInAM vicAratA hatA. emano dRSTikoNa uni-dimensional na hato, vRkSo kApavA na joIe. balka ene rASTrIya saMpattirUpa samajavA paraMtu multi-dimensional hato. bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to jagata joIe. eka samaye aMdhArAthI ane sApavIMchIthI DaranAro A ane jIvananA prazno vize teo wholistic approach vicAratA mANasa pachIthI AvaDI moTI briTIza saltanatane paDakAre evo hatA mATe emanA vicAro je te kALa pUratA ja agatyanA na hatA, bhaDavIra banyo hato, te emanI nitya vikAsazIlatAne kAraNe. enI prastutatA harahaMmezanI che. potAnA vyaktitvanI A lAkSaNikatAthI teo pote paricita hatA. samabhAva ane samadaSTi : eTale to emaNe lokone spaSTa jaNAvI dIdhuM hatuM ke jo koIne emanA vicAramAM jema akhilAI hatI, tema emanI hRdayamAM emanA koI viSaya vizenA vicAromAM virodha dekhAya to temaNe e viSaya vizenA emanA samaya dRSTie pAchalA vicArane AkharI nA sau mATe samabhAva hato ane sau pratye samAna dRSTi hatI. dezavidezanI samajavo. asaMkhya vyaktio emane maLavA AvatI, saune teo sahRdayatAthI 14 ) (satya ahiMsA- aparigraha prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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maLatA ane sAMbhaLatA. emanI dRSTimAM puruSa ke strI, bALaka ke buDhDhA, garIba ke tavaMgara savarNa ke aMtyaja, garIba ke tavaMgara, abhaNa ke bhaNelA evA koI bheda na hatA. sau mATe emane hamadardI ane dilacaspI hatI. teo mANasa mAtrane cAhatA hatA. eTaluM ja nahi mANasane koI paNa varNa, varga, vicAra ke AsthAnA lebala vagara mANasa tarIke joI zakatA hatA. teo anyAyI ane zoSaka evI aMgrejI saltanatanA virodhI hatA, paNa aMgrejonA virodhI na hatA. emane DaoN. AMbeDakara, mahammada alI jhINA, subhASacaMdra bojha vagere agraNI netAo sAthe vicAromAM ane mAnyatAomAM matabheda hato. paraMtu emanA vyaktitvanI khUbI evI hatI ke matabhedo hovA chatAM sAmI vyaktipaNe emane cAhe ane Adara Ape. enuM kAraNa e hatuM ke sAmI vyaktimAM teo potAnuM manuSyatva AropI zakatA hatA. nIlA nAginI jevuM bhAratIya nAma dhAraNa karI harijanapravRttimAM sakriya rasa laI rahelI, paraMtu svairavihArI banI gayelI amerikana yuvatIno aMtarAtmA jagADI gAMdhIjIe ene punaH kevI nirAmayI banAvelI enI vigato mahAdevabhAInI DAyarImAMthI vAMcatA gAMdhIjInA A guNavizeSano khyAla Ave che. da. AphrikAmAM emanI aMgata maMtrI tarIke kArya karatI yuvatI misa glesIna, bhAratamAM emanI sAthe paDachAyAnI mAphaka rahetI DaoN. suzIlA naiyara, misa heDa ane yuvAna sevikAo gAMdhIjI strI nathI, puruSa che e vAtathI kyAreya sabhAna ke sAvaceta rahI nathI, evI jarUra emane paDI nathI. je hirajanabALAne putrI gaNI potAnA AzramamAM sthAna ApyuM hatuM tene to bApunA vAtsalyano anubhava maLyo ja hoya, paNa manubena, AbhAbena, nArAyaNa desAI jevAM keTalAMya aMtevAsIone bApunI nirvyAja mamatAno ane anargaLa vAtsalyano anubhava prApta thayo che. bALaka sAthe bALaka jevA, taruNa-taruNIo sAthe temanA jevA, yuvAna-yuvatio ane vayasko-prauDho sAthe temanA jevA bApu thaI zakatA. prema, maitrI, karuNA ane mArdavanA guNo vaDe saunA hradaya teo jItI letA hatA. koI zaMkAzIla, koI vAMkadekhA, koI saMzayagrasta, koI bhraSTAcArI, koI nAstika, koI khaMdhA ke luccA emanI pAse AvatA paNa aMtaraAtmAnI majabUta bhoMya upara khaDA rahI, satya ane ahiMsAno dharama kAMTo' rAkhI, nisvArtha ane nirlepa rahIne bApu jyAre e lokone maLatA tyAre emanA tanamananAM udhamAto ane tophAno zAMta thaI jatAM. dakSiNa AAphrikAmAM teo kAryarata hatA tyAre to emanI uMmara nAnI hatI paraMtu teo tamamanathI keTalA svastha rahI zakatA hatA e emanA mitra misTara polokanA patnI mili grehAma polAkanAM A zabdothI spaSTa thAya che, temaNe kahyuM hatuM ke "A taruNa pAse javAthI mananA badhA ja vikAro samApta thaI jatA.' Avo ja abhiprAya gopAlakRSNa gokhalejano che. teo lakhe che. oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka : ''mArI jiMdagImAM be mANaso - eka mArA sva. gurudeva mahAdeva goviMda rAnaDe ane bIjA A mohanadAsa gAMdhI - mane evA maLyA ke jemanI pAse javAthI mananA vikAro samApta thaI jAya che.'' je vyakti koI svArtha ke gaNatarI vagara mANasane mANasa tarIke dila phADIne prema kare, e vyakti ja A kakSA ne A padavI pAmI zake che. niSkAma karmayogI : zrImada bhagavadgItA gAMdhIjIno priya graMtha hato. e graMthamAMthI gAMdhIjIe je jIvanabodha tAravyo te anAsakta karmayogano. jIvanano hetu ja karmasAdhanAno che. bhagavAne manuSyane karma karavAno adhikAra Apyo che eTale mANase phaLanI apekSA rAkhyA vagara, niSkAma bhAve karma karatA rahevuM joIe. vaLI, je karma karIe temAM jema bhoktatvanI nahIM, - tema katRtvanI paNa bhAvanA rAkhavI joIe nahIM. mANase nitya karmo uparAMta naimittika karmo to karavAM ja paDe, paNa e uparAMta samaya saMjoga anusAra ApAtkAlIna dharmakAryo paNa karavAM joIe. zarIrane kaSTa ApIne, mahenata karIne ja ApaNane khAvAno adhikAra che. svArSika hetuthI kareluM kAma te nitya ke naimittika karma paNa pAramArthika iSTie kareluM kAma te yajJa. majUrI karIne paNa sevAne arthe jIvavAnuM che. laMpaTa thavAne ke duniyAnA bhogo bhogavavA mATe jIvavAnuM nathI. AvI samaja hovAne kAraNe mUDInI jagyAe zrama (zArIrika ane bauddhika) no mahimA karyo hato. kAmamAtrane teo Izvaradatta mAnatA hatA, tethI koI kAmamAM emane zarama ane saMkoca na hatAM. koI kAma nAnuM ke moTuM ema lAgatuM na hatuM. badhAM kAmo eka sarakhAM lAgatAM hatAM. teo pote zAka samAratA, rasoI karatA, kuTira bAMdhatA, jhADu kADhatA, vAsaNa kapaDAM dhotAM, rasoDA ane pAyakhAnA sApha karatA, rogiSThonI sAravAra karatA, sUtara kAMtatA, bALakone ramADatA ane bhaNAvatA, anekone mulAkAta ane mArgadarzana ApatA, putra ane putravadhuthI mAMDI samAjanA agraNIone ane jijJAsuone patro lakhatA, vyAyAma karatA, pote je patro calAvatA tenA taMtrI lekho lakhatA, bAgakAma karatA, prArthanAo karatA, anuvAdo karatAM, komI dAvAnaLo zAMta karavA jagyA jagyAe kUca karatA, pakSanuM ane AzramonuM saMcAlana karatA, AMdolanonuM netRtva karatA, vratadharmonuM pAlana karatA, be pratipakSo vacce lavAdI ke sulehakAra banI samAdhAna karAvI ApavAnuM kArya karatA. vahelI savArathI moDI rAta sudhI jAtajAtanAM kAryo karatA. vaLI, je kAma karatAM temAM zarIramanathI tarUpa thaIne karatA. dalito, pIDito, vaMcito, zramiko, grAnta ane klAnta lokonI sevA karavA hamezAM tatpara rahetA. lakSmInArAyaNanI sevA karatA emane daridranArAyaNanI sevA adhika priya hatI ane emAM avirata macyA rahetI, janarala smepsa mATe satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 15

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cappalanI joDI banAvavAnA kAmamAM, kuSTa (leprasI) jevA rogane dabANo thayAM haze, haThAgraho rAkhavAmAM AvyA haze, paraMtu kyAreya kAraNe svajanathI tiraskRta thaI AzramamAM zeSajIvana ane Asanna emane vaza thayA na hatA. potAnI AMtara zraddhA upara ja e aDaga mRtyunI apekSAe AvelA paracure zAstrInA zarIre mAlIsa karavAmAM, ane mustAka rahyA hatA. zraddhA upara ja jIvanArI A vyaktinI alaga alaga jagyAe rahetA dakSiNa AphrikAnA traNa sAmAnya koI zraddhA tarkanA pAyA vinAnI na hatI. tarkanI kasoTI upara mANasone aMgrejI zIkhavavA sAme cAlIne jatAM, lohIvAnI vyAdhithI cakAselI hatI. bALI bhoLI mAnyatAomAM teo rAcatA na hatA. sAva azakta thaI gayelA patnI kasturabAne be hAthamAM uMcakI ghera vivekayukta vaijJAnika dRSTikoNavALA hatA. tema chatAM emanI zraddhA laI javAnA kAmamAM, emane koI nAnapa lAgatI nathI. prApta kSaNe sAcI che ke nahi e cakAsavAnI paNa emanI paddhati hatI. emanI (given time) hAtha upara hoya e ja kAma emaNe sauthI mahattvanuM chevaTanI e kasoTI hatI vicArane AcaraNamAM mUkI jovAnI. gaNIne bajAvyuM che. potAnA jIvananI pratyeka kSaNano janatA ane teo zraddhALu hatA kAraNa ke teo Astika hatA. samagra dezanI sevAmAM gALIne emaNe emanA jIvanano ujaLo hisAba vizvamAM IzvarIkAnUna kAma karI rahyo che, e ja sarvathA kartA, ApaNI samakSa mUkyo che. keTalAka loko kAmacora hoya che, keTalAka anyathA kartA che. ApaNuM astitva che e ja enA astitvano kAmaDhA hoya, keTalAka karmazIla, keTalAka karmaTha, keTalAka karmavIra purAvo che. vAstavamAM e ja che, ApaNe kazuM nathI, evI emanI hoya, gAMdhIjI karmayogI hatA. kemake emane mana karmayoga hato daDha zraddhA hatI. teoe ghaNA dharmono abhyAsa karelo. dharmamaMthana ane potAnuM jIvana karmasAdhanA hatuM. lokasevA yajJanI ane karmayoganI paNa anubhaveluM. paraMtu emanI daDha AsthA hiMdudharmamAM ane IzvaramAM gItAphilasUphIno AcaraNamAM anuvAda karanAra vyaktivizeSa teo hatI. teo koI devadevImAM saMpradAya, paMtha ke matanA anuyAyI na hatA. hatA. rAmanA anuyAyI ane bhakta hatA. A rAma eTale dazarathaputra zraddhAvAna AstikatA : rAma nahi, paNa aMtaraAtmArUpI rAma, Atama rAma. A rAma teo svabhAve zraddhALa ane Astika hatA. zraddhA vinA to uparanI aDola AsthAe emaNe potAnI jIvananaiyA haMkArI hatI. A duniyA kSaNavAramAM zanyamAM maLI jAya. je mANasoe prArthanA AtamarAmanA majabUta pleTaphorma upara UbhA rahIne emaNe je ane tapasyAthI pavitra thayeluM jIvana gALyuM che ema ApaNe mAnIe kAMI bolavAnuM ke karavAnuM hatuM te karyuM. tethI ja emanA zabdo ane chIe tenA buddhizaddha anubhavano ApaNe upayoga karavo enuM nAma emanI bhASA, emanAM kAryo ane emanI pravRtti sAdI saraLa te sAcI zraddhA. ati prAcIna yugamAM thaI gayelA RSio, payagaMbaro lAgavA chatAM saune prabhAvita kare evAM asarakAraka banyAM hatAM. ane avatAro para zraddhA rAkhavI e naryo vahema nathI, paNa kaDaka AtmaparIkSaka : aMtaramAM UMDe UMDe je AdhyAtmika bhUkha rahelI che tenI tRpti che. emanA jevo kaDaka AtmaparIkSaka haju jagate joyo nathI. zraddhA e kaMI evuM nAjuka phUla nathI ke jarAka pavanano jhapATo lAge pote kAmAsakta hatA, corI karI hatI, bIDI pIdhI hatI, karaja ke karamAI jAya. zraddhA to himAlaya jevI che, e caLe ja nahIM. karyuM hatuM, mAMsa khAdhuM hatuM, kasturabA upara ghaNIpaNuM karyuM hatuM, emanI AvI samaja hovAne kAraNe zraddhA emanA vyaktitva ane phArmavAsI chokarAM chokarIo upara nirdayatA AcarI hatI, potAne cAritryano saMbala banI rahI che. emane zraddhA hatI satyamAM, eTale svAdendriya ane jananendriyane kAbUmAM levA bhAre parizrama karavo ke vAstavikatAmAM, eTale ke IzvaramAM, IzvaranA sarjanamAM, vicAramAM paDayo hato, pote sArA vaktA na hatA, bALapaNamAM Darapoka ane eka ja zabdamAM kahevuM hoya to potAnA aMtaraAtmA upara emanI gabharu hatA - AvI badhI vAto A mANase potAnI AtmakathAmAM aDaga zraddhA hatI. emaNe je kAMI kAryo hAtha dharyA ane pAra pADayAM pote ja khullI karI che. evA evA prasaMge potAnAM vANIvartana e A zraddhAnA baLe. potAnA aMtara AtmA upara emane eTalo yogya hatAM ke ayogya enI pAchaLathI vicAraNA karI che. bhUlonI badho bharoso hato ke e kyAre khoTo vicAra Ape nahIM, khoTuM kabUlAta karI che, mAphI mAgI che, pazcAttApa karyo che. potAnI sujhADe nahi, geramArge dore nahi. svataMtra bhAratanA prathama vaDApradhAna jAtano ane potAnAM uccAra, vicAra ane AcArano pote ja tarIke kone pasaMda karavA, bhAratamAMthI alaga thatAM pAkistAnane hisAba mAgatA rahetA hatA. kaDaka AtmanirikSaNa ugra keTalI mUDI ApavI evA moTA ane mahattvanA praznothI mAMDI nAnA AtmapRthakkaraNa karavAno emano svabhAva hato. potAne kuTila, ane sAmAnya praznonI bAbatamAM emaNe bIjA koInI salAha lIdhI khala ane kAmI gaNI potAnI bharjanA kare che. potAne alpAtmA nathI, kevaLa AtmAne ja pUchayu che. AtmAe je sujhAyuM, mArgadarzana samaje che prajAno sAva sAmAnya sevaka gaNe che. bhale potAnA jevA ApyuM eno amala emaNe karyo che. keTalAka prasaMgoe emane anekono kSaya thAya, paNa satyano sadA jaya thAya. alpAtmAne amuka nirNayo levA emanI upara aneka vyaktio dvArA bhAre mApavAne sAruM potAno satyarUpI gaja kadI TUMko na thAya enI 16) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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khevanA emaNe rAkhI che. loko pagataLe rajakaraNane kacaDe che, paNa vyakti maTI, vizvamAnavI banelA A mANasanA jIvananuM kharuM rajakaNa jene kacaDI zake evA nAcIja thavAnI emanI khvAhiza rahasya e che ke eNe mAthe dhULa dharI hatI vasuMdharAnI. hA, kevaLa hatI. svargamAM beThelA ane karmonI noMdha vahI rAkhatA citraguptane bhAratanI bhUminI ja nahIM samagra vizvanI. emanA paga dharatI para badale emaNe potAnA AtmAne ja potAnAM vicAro ane kAryone hatA ane mastaka ephilaTAvaranI jema AkAzagAmI hatuM. potAnA nirlepa ane taTastharUpe nihALatA ane enuM guptacitra sAcavatA AvA vyaktitva ane cAritrya vaDe AkAzamAMnA dhruvatArAnI mAphaka sAkSIrUpe AMtaraAtmAne rAkhyo hato. vizvanA mahAna mANasonI hAramAM emanuM sthAna agAmI banI upasaMhAra : acaLa thayuM che. zAM zAM pAsAMnI vAta karuM? emanI sAdAI, emanI karakasara, emano abhaya, emano svAda ane anya Indriyono saMyama, emano 'kadamba' baMgalo, 35, prophesarsa sosAyaTI, aparigraha, emano ahiMsaka jIvanAdhigama - ghaNuM haju kahI saurASTra kaoNlonI pAse, moTA bajAra, zakAya. paNa ahIM aTakIe. tanathI tana, manathI mRdu, buddhithI vallabha vidyAnagara -388120 balavIra, cittathI zuddha A virala ane viziSTa vyaktitva che. phona naM. 09727333000 At Utmanzai (NWFP) the native village of Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan (Seen on the left) Mahadeo Desai is with Gandhi, 1938 A aMkanA phoTAnuM saujanya : Visual Archives of Kulwant Roy Curated by Aditya Arya National Gallery of Modern Arts oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana :gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (17

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bA ane bApu : ajara amara sakhya dharAvatAM vidupInA Aja sudhImAM kAvya, navalakathA, kizorakathA, saMsmaraNa nibaMdhonA sAta pustako - arUNa gAMdhI DaoN. aruNa maNilAla gAMdhI. kastUrabA ane bApunA pAMcamA pautra. temano janma 14 eprila, 1934 e dakSiNa AphrikAnA phiniksa AzramamAM thayo hato. mAtA-pitA suzIlA ane maNilAle potAnAM saMtAnone bApu-cIMdhyA mArge ucheryA hatAM. bALapaNanA ane taruNAvasthAnA ghaNA mahinA temaNe bA-bApu sAthe vardhAnA sevAgrAma AzramamAM gALyA. dakSiNa AphrikAno raMgabheda ane tyAMnuM hiMsAthI khadakhadatuM vAtAvaraNa joI aruNanuM yuvAna lohI UkaLI UThatuM. bAe tene potAnA Akrozane vidhvaMsaka mArge na laI jatAM parivartana mATenI zakti banAvatAM zIkhavyuM hatuM. keTaloka samaya bhAratanA grAmINa garIbo mATe kAma karyA bAda aruNa gAMdhI ane temanAM patnI sunaMdA zAMti ane ahiMsAnI vAta vizvaphalaka para mUkavAnuM svapna laI amerikAmAM sthira thayAM. 2007mAM sunaMdAe ciravidAya lIdhI. zAMti ane ahiMsAnAM bIja dUra dUra sudhI phelAvavA lAMbA pravAso karatA rahetA aruNa gAMdhI potAne zAMtikheDUta (pIsa phArmara) gaNAve che ane eka divasa zAMtinAM A bIja, hariyALo pAka banI mAnavajAtane arpaNa karI zakAze tevI AzA seve che. AgAkhAna mahelamAM bA - bApu keda hatAM tyAranI vAta. AgAkhAna mahelamAM badhAne bApunA A nirNayanI jANa to eka divasa bApu kAma karatA hatA. bAe pUchayuM, "zuM lakho cho?' hatI chatAM temanAmAMnA thoDAe bApune samajAvyA. suzIlAe yAda bApue kahyuM, 'vAIsaroyane kAgaLa lakhuM chuM. briTIza sarakAra apAvyuM ke chelle 1939mAM upavAsa karyA tyAre pAMca ja divasamAM hiMda choDo AMdolanane khoTA arthamAM laI rahI che.' bApunI tabiyata bagaDI gaI hatI. have teo vadhAre vRddha thayA che. 'kevo khoTo artha?' jelanI kaThoratAthI zakti vadhAre haNAI gaI che. A badhI dalIlo 'teo lokone kahe che ke 'hiMda choDo' AMdolana dvArA hiMsaka bApue na sAMbhaLI tyAre suzIlAe bIjI rIte bApune rokavA rIte briTiza sarakArane ukhADI pheMkavAnuM ApaNuM kAvataru hatuM. AvuM koziza karI. 'bAnI tabiyata khUba nAjuka che. tamArI ciMtA temanA kahI teo dezamAM ane duniyAmAM hamadardI ugharAvI rahyA che." para kharAba asara karaze.' bApue te dalIla paNa amAnya karI. bApue kasturabAne AkhI vAta vigate samajAvI ane umeryuM. 'tuM 'bAne tame oLakhatAM nathI. tenAmAM gajabanI zakti che. tamArA to jANe che ke AMdolana zarU thayuM te pahelAM ja ApaNe pakaDAI badhA karatAM te majabUta che.' gayAM hatAM. to pachI ApaNe A hiMsAnuM Ayojana kevI rIte karyuM badhI samajAvaTanA aMte bApue vAIsaraoNyano patra bAjue hoya?' mUkI eTaluM ja kahyuM ke huM IzvaranA AdezanI rAha jouM chuM. te kaheze 'tame kyAMka AnA viruddha upavAsa para to nathI UtaravAnA tema karIza. ne?' kastUrabAnA avAjamAM ciMtA AvI gaI. "jojo, have tame sarojinI nAyaDue bIjA divase bapore kahyuM, "cAlo, sAruM nAnA nathI. upavAsathI tamArI tabiyata kharAba thaI jaze.'' thayuM ke bApU izvarano Adeza sAMbhaLavA to taiyAra thayA. mane bApu hasavA lAgyA. nakAmI ciMtA na kara. huM upavAsa karIza khAtarI che ke AvI tabiyata joI izvara bApune upavAsa karavAno tevuM tane kema lAgyuM?' Adeza nahIM ja Ape! 'ATalAM varSa tamArI sAthe kADhyAM pachI huM eTaluM paNa na bAe kahyuM, 'barAbara che, paNa eka vAta yAda rAkhajo. Adeza samajuM? tamane lAge che, te karatAM huM tamane vadhAre sArI rIte bhale izvara Ape. tenuM arthaghaTana to bApu ja karavAnA che." oLakhuM chuM.' bA sAcAM paDyAM : 10 phebruArI 1943 thI bApunA traNa - kastUrabAe vadhu kaMI na kahyuM. temane khabara hatI ke bApu dhAryuM saptAhanA upavAsa zarU thayA. te divase bA-bApu savAre cAlavA karaze. bApu sAcA hatA. tenI temane khAtarI hatI. patnI tarIke gayAM ne mahAdevabhAInAM agnisaMskAra karyA hatA te jagyAe temane patinI taMdurastInI khevanA hoya, paNa jo biTiza loko AvyAM. prArthanA karI, phUlo caDAvyAM ane mahelamAM pAchAM AvyAM. avaLo pracAra karI rahyA hoya to bApunA upavAsane patnI tarIke kastUrabAe jAhera karyuM ke bApunA upavAsane potAno Teko che. pote Teko Apavo joIe te teo samajatAM hatAM. paNa pote haMmezA karatAM tema potAno khorAka ocho karaze. eka ja kIza. 18) (satya- ahiMsA- aparigraha prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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vakhata phaLa ane dUdha leze. badhAe virodha karyo. bApue khUba samajAvyAM. tyAre teo be vAra dUdha ne phaLa levA taiyAra thayAM, jethI bApunuM dhyAna rAkhavA jeTalI zakti TakI rahe. upavAsanA pahelA be divasa bApu barAbara hatA. trIjA divase temane nabaLAI lAgavA mAMDI. DaoN. maMcarezA sarakArI DaoNkTara hatA. temaNe pahelA paNa bApunI sAravAra lohInA UMcA dabANa mATe karI hatI. temane AgAkhAna mahelamAM bApunuM dhyAna rAkhavA mATe mokalAyA. chaThThA divase bApunI tabiyata vadhu bagaDI. bAe sUcana karyuM ke pANImAM lIMbunA rasanAM thoDAM TIpAM nAkhIe, to thoDo Teko raheze. 'nA, hamaNAM nahIM.' bApue kahyuM. bIjA saptAha pachI lokone jANa thaI ke bApu upavAsa para UtaryA che. dezabharamAM ciMtA phelAI gaI. lokonAM ToLAM mahelanA daravAje bhegAM thatAM. vAIsaraoNyanI kAunsilanA traNa bhAratIya kaoNMgresa virodhI sabhyoe mahatmAne tarata choDavAnI mAgaNI karI. sarakAre sAMbhaLyuM nahIM, nATyakAra jyorja barnArDa zoe kahyuM, 'gAMdhIne binazarate choDI mUko ane tamArI sarakAra dvArA temane apAyelA mAnasika trAsa mATe mAphI mAMgo. dilhI ane laMDananA zAsako para AnI kaMI asara thaI nahIM. vAIsaraoNya linalithagoe A upavAsane 'naitika kartavya vihoNuM rAjakIya apakRtya' kahI vakhoDI kADhyA. vaDA pradhAna carcile kahyuM, 'gAMdhIne bhUkhe maravuM hoya to bhale tema thatuM.' joke thoDI chUTa mukAI. gAMdhIjInA putro rAmadAsa ane devadAsa hAla ja jelamAMthI chUTyA hatA. temane bApune maLavAnI chUTa apAI. tyAra pachI mahelanA daravAjA mulAkAtIo mATe khullA mukAyA. seMkaDo loko AvatA ne mahAtmAnA oraDA pAse zAMtithI UbhA rahetA. cAlyA jatA. bApu sUtA hoya, muzkelIthI zvAsa letA hoya, chatAM temanA AtmAnuM teja na haNAyuM hoya, tenI pratIti temane thatI. kastUrabA saune AvakaratAM. paricitonA caherA joIne temane AnaMda thato. teramA divasanI bapo2e bApunA hRdayanA dhabakArA dhImA paDI gayA. cAmaDI coMTavA mAMDI. kiDanI kAma karatI baMdha thaI. DaoNkTaroe kahyuM ke have bApuno jIva jokhamamAM che. kadAca AjanI rAta paNa na kADhe. phLano rasa umeruM?' bApue mAMDa pAMpaNa ughADIne hA pADI. suzIlA rasoDAmA doDI gaI. be ausa saMtarAnA rasamAM cAra auMsa pANI nAkhI doDatI bApu pAse AvI ane dhIre dhIre temanA moMmAM rasa reDavA lAgI.' A dazya joI kasturabAne zAMti thaI. AnaMda thayo. UThIne teo oraDAmAM AvyAM. bApu zuM pIe che, tenI temane khabara nahotI. temane eTalI ja khabara hatI ke have bApu bacI javAnA. te divasathI bApumAM thoDuM cetana AvyuM. teo prasanna dekhAtA. sthiti sudharI. bIjI mArce, upavAsanA vIsamA divase chellI vAra AgAkhAna mahelanA daravAjA loko mATe khUlyA. jelanA adhikArIoe jAhera karyuM ke AvatI kAle bApunA upavAsa pUrA thaze. temanA putro sivAya koIne praveza nahIM maLe. bApue tarata kahyuM, 'jo lokone AvavA nahIM devAya to mArA putro paNa nahIM Ave.' eTale phakta kedI sAkSIonI hAjarImAM bAe saMtarAnA rasa vaDe bApune pAraNAM karAvyAM. upavAsa daramiyAna kastUrabA koNa jANe kyAMthI divasabhara avirata zrama karavAnI zakti meLavatAM rahyAM hatAM. jevA upavAsa purA thayA ke bAnI zakti haNAI gaI. 16 mArce bAne udharasa ane zvAsano humalo Avyo - be klAka sudhI cAlyo. tyAra pachInA saptAhe Avo humalo cAra klAka sudhI cAlyo. suzIlAe kahyuM, bAnuM hRdaya nabaLuM paDyuM che ane tenI sAravAra nathI. bApunA satata prayatnothI sa2kAre aMte bAne putrone maLavAnI saMmati ApI. te vakhate bApunA kAkA tulasIdAsa gAMdhInI prapautrI manu gAMdhI 'hiMda' keda hatI. tyAra pahelAM traNa varSa sudhI te sevAgrAma AzramamAM hatI. paMdara varSanI manu bAne potAnA pautra-pautrIo jeTalI ja vahAlI hatI. atyAre temane thayuM ke jo mArI pAse manu hoya to sAruM. bAnI icchA joI suzIlA ane DaoN. gilDare bhaMDArIe kahyuM ke kastUrabAne manu gAMdhI jevI eka sevikA ane sobatInI jarUra che, je bAne oLakhatI hoya, bA sAthe temanI ja bhASAmAM vAta karI zaktI hoya. bhaMDArIne bA pratye Adara hato. temaNe nAgapuramAM jelavAsa bhogavatI manune AgAkhAna mahelamAM bolAvI lIdhI. kastUrabAne tyAre nyumoniyA thayo hato. manue temanI sevAnA javAbadArI upADI lIdhI. bA sAjAM paNa thayAM. bA bApunI bAjumAM ja hoya - paNa te divase teo savA2thI varaMDAmAM tulasInA choDa pAse besI cUpacApa prArthanA karI rahyAM hatAM. temanI AMkho baMdha hatI, moM para pavitratAnuM teja hatuM. lokonI avarajavara para temanuM dhyAna na hatuM. suzIlA ane mIrAMbahena bAne Ama beThelAM joI raDI paDyAM. suzIlAne thayuM. have bApune devadAsa ane rAmadAsa maLavA AvatA, paNa harilAla? ghaNA mahinAothI tene joyo nahoto ane maNilAla - dUra dakSiNa AphrikAmAM hato. A baMne putro bAnA manamAM rahetA. bA temanAM koI bacAvI zake to te bAnI prArthanA ja. ane te bApu pAse doDI... temakuzaLanI prArthanA karatAM rahetAM. gilAla para patro lakhAvatAM. gayAM ne bApunA kAnamAM pUchavA lAgyAM, bApu, pANImAM thoDI oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI temAM potAnI ciMtA na karavAnI sUcanA ApI, teo maLilAlavizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 19

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suzIlAnI jhINavaTabharI pRcchA karatAM. ahIMnA vigatavAra samAcAra bApu divasanA ghaNA kalAka bAnI pathArI pAse kADhatA. bA ApatAM. pautra-pautrIo pratyenI mamatA zabda zabda DokAtI rahetI temano hAtha pakaDI, temanI chAtI para mAthuM mUkI taMdrAmAM sarI paDatAM dakSiNa AphrikAnA samAcArathI teo vAkepha rahetAM. tyAM thoDA ne pachI AMkha khUle tyAre bApune potAnA pAse joI, ATalI kAnUnI ane rAjakIya prazno hatA. tethI maNilAlane sAvaceta rahevA vakhata potAne khalela na pahoMce te mATe sthira beThelA joI cIDavatAM, ne jokhama na levAnuM lakhatAM sAthe izvara para bharoso rAkhavAnuM paNa 'kema ahIM besI rahyA cho, jAo ne thoDuM cAlI Avo.' kahetAM. eka divasa temaNe bApune pUchyuM, 'briTiza lokone hiMda choDavAnuM ame tyAre phiniksamAM ghara bAMdhatAM hatAM. te vakhate bAno eka tame zA mATe kaho cho? AvaDo moTo ApaNo deza che, ApaNI kAgaLa mArI mA para Avyo hato te mane yAda che. A patra bA sAthe teo paNa rahe to zuM vAMdho che?' ane temanI putravadhU vaccenA premasaMbaMdhane samajavAmAM madadarUpa bApu kahe, 'teo ApaNA para zAsana kare teno vAMdho che. thAya tevo che. eka vAra teo zAsana choDI de, to temanI sAthe ApaNe koI priya suzIlA, jhaghaDo nathI.' tyAMnI ghaTanAo vize jANyuM. kesa hArI javAya topaNa hiMmata bAe mAthuM halAvyuM. jANe pote ane bApu eka ja che, A na gumAvavI. tuM hiMmata rAkhaje ane maNilAlane paNa hiMmata sthitimAM paNa ekabIjAne samaje che, tenI pratIti meLavatAM hoya Apaje. bApu kahe che. prakAzakone mATe A sthiti navI nathI. tema. paNa tyAra pachInA temanA praznano javAba bApu pAse nahoto. maNilAla kema che te jaNAvaje, mane ciMtA thAya che. presa ane temaNe pUchayuM hatuM, harilAla kyAM che? raheThANa mATe navAM makAno karavAnA kharcamAM have vadhAro thayo. tane bApunI vinaMtIthI polIsa harilAlane zodhavA lAgI ane takalIpha to paDatI haze. paNa tuM samaju che. maNilAlane saMbhALI le eka divasa tene pUnA laI AvI. bIjA divase bAne khabara paDI tevI che. ke harilAlane eka ja vAra maLavAnI chUTa apAI hatI. tyAre bAne bA-bApunA AzIrvAda du:kha thayuM. temaNe bApune kahyuM ke rAmadAsa ane devadAsa icche tyAre 2 oNkTobara, 1943 nA divase jelamAM bApuno bIjo maLavA AvI zake che, tevI chUTa harilAlane paNa hovI joIe. janmadivasa hato. AgAkhAna mahelamAM tenI ujavaNI karavAnuM bApue patravyavahAra karIne tevI chUTa meLavI, paNa tyAM sudhImAM sAthIoe vicAryuM. kastUrabAne A vAtathI AnaMda thayo. divasa harilAla pAcho gAyaba thaI gayo hato. kastUrabA nirAza thayAM te najIka Avato gayo tema bAnI eka ciMtA vadhI. bApue temane pharI e nirAzAne khaMkheravA mathatAM. temane utsAha ApavA koI eka sADI potAnA jAte kAMtelA sUtaramAMthI banAvIne ApI hatI. kahe, 'tame sAjo thaI jazo' to teo zAMtithI kahetAM, "nA, have A sADI huM marI jAuM tyAre mane oDhADajo' kahI bAe sAcavI mAro samaya pUro thaI gayo che.' rAkhI hatI. temane have thayuM ke bApunA janmadivase ja te sADI kema dakSiNa AphrikAthI bApunA pArasI mitra jAlabhAI rustamajIno na paheravI? paNa sADI hatI sevAgrAma AzramamAM ane te barAbara tAra Avyo. ke "maNilAla ane suzilAne teo bA pAse potAnA kayAM che te temane yAda nahotuM AvatuM. chevaTe manu vahAre AvI. tene kharce bhArata mokalaze' bApue sAmo tAra karyo, 'AbhAra, bA jagyA yAda AvI. e sADI AvI gaI. bApuno e janmadivasa vidAya laI rahyAM che. maNilAla-suzIlA temanuM kAma cAlu rAkhe. bAe khUba mANyo. saprema bApu.' te pachI tarata temane pahelo gaMbhIra hArTaeTeka Avyo. A 22 phebruArI, 1944, maMgaLavAranI savAra svaccha hatI, vakhate tabiyata jaladI vaLatI nahotI. UjaLI hatI. AgAkhAna mahelanA AMgaNAmAM phUlo khIlyAM hatAM 1944nA jAnyuArI mahinAmAM bAne bIjA be humalA AvyA. ne savAranA taDakAmAM jhUmatAM hatAM. paNa mALInI AMkhamAM AMsu have temanI sthiti pathArIvaza thaI gaI hatI. pathArImAM paNa hatAM. dezanA tamAma lokonI A ja sthiti hatI. Agale divase dukhAvAthI mukti na hatI. zvAsamAM muzkelI paDatAM rAtanI UMgha ja sarakAre jAhera karyuM ke lAMbA samayathI bImAra kastUrabAnI sthiti UDI jatI. bAne Ayurvedika ilAja karavAnI icchA hatI. ghaNA atyaMta gaMbhIra che. AkhI rAta loko mahelanI bahAra UbhA hatA. prayatna tenI vyavasthA thaI zakI. thoDA divasa Ayurvedika davAoe mALIe bApune bA pAsethI AvatA joyA ane pUchavA lAgyo, asara karI. bA vhilaceramAM varaMDA sudhI AvatAM thayAM, 'thoDA 'bA kema che? tenA khabhA para hAtha mUkI bApu bolyA, 'AzA nathI, divasamAM bApu sAthe cAlavA jaIza.' tevI AzA sevatAM thayAM paNa bhAI ane bahAra UbhelA lokone A saMdezo ApavA tene pachI tabiyata pharI bagaDI. A vakhate Ayurvedika DaoNkTare kahyuM ke mokalyo.' 'have mAro ilAja kAma nahIM lAge.' - Aje bA pANI paNa levAnI nA pADatAM hatAM. bApue kahyuM, (20) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018)

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'have davAo paNa baMdha karIe. badhuM izvara para choDIe.' daramiyAna bA ghaDImAM bhAnamAM AvatAM hatAM, ghaDImAM bhAna cAlyuM jatuM hatuM. tevAmAM eka vAra bhAnamAM AvatAM kapALa para eka saumya sparza anubhavatAM temaNe joyuM to te bApuno hAtha hato. ATalI pIDAmAM paNa temanA caherA para AnaMdanI surakhI AvI. traNa vAgye devadAsa gaMgAjaLa laI Avyo. bAe saMtoSapUrvaka moM kholyuM ane thoDAM TIpAM jaLa pIdhuM. pachI kSINa avAje bApu ane bIjA badhA tarapha joI bolyAM, 'koIe raDavAnuM nathI. du:khI thavAnuM nathI, mAruM mRtyu zokano nahIM, AnaMdano prasaMga banavo joIe.' tyAra pachI temaNe AMkho baMdha karI, dhImA avAje kahyuM, he izvara, tuM ja mAro uddhAraka che, huM tArA zaraNe chuM.' jIvananA kSINa taMtu sAthe bAno deha joDAyelo hato - devadAsa bA mATe maMgAvelI penisilinanI davA AvI pahoMcI tyAre sAMje sAta vAgyA hatA. devadAse bApu ane DaoNkTarane bAjumAM bolAvyA ne kahyuM, 'bAne penisilinanAM iMjekzana ApIe.' bApue jyAre jANyuM ke A iMjekzana dara cha kalAke ApavAM paDaze tyAre teNe devadAsane kahyuM, 'zA mATe tArI bAne mRtyu samaye navI pIDA ApavA mAge che? have te nathI bacavAnI, tuM game teTalI camatkArI davA lAvaze topaNa nathI bacavAnI. chatAM jo tAre teno prayoga karavo hoya to pachI huM ADo nahIM AvuM.' devadAse mAthuM jhukAvI dIdhuM. te kaMI kahe te pahelAM to bAnA oraDAmAMthI koI bApune bolAvavA AvyuM. 'bA tamane yAda kare che, jaladI cAlo.' kastUrabA pathArImAM ardhA beThA thayAM hatAM ane zvAsa levAnI koziza karatAM hatAM. bApu temanI bAjumAM beThA ane temanA khabhe hAtha vIMTALyo. 'zuM thAya che?' temanA avAjamAM AzvAsana hatuM, prema hato. bAe kahyuM, samajAtuM nathI ane potAnuM mAthuM bApunA khabhA para mUkayuM. bApue dhIre dhIre temanA vALamAM hAtha pheravavA mAMDyo. bAnA caherA para AchuM smita AvyuM. thoDI kSaNomAM temano zvAsa baMdha thaI gayo, tyAre sAMje sAta vAgI ne pAMtrIsa miniTa thaI hatI. bAnI AjubAju UbhelA lokonA kaMThamAMthI dhImA DUsakAM sarI paDyAM, paNa tarata ja saue potAnI lAgaNIo saMbhALI lIdhI. teoe bAne gamatI prArthanA gAvI zarU karI. bApu paNa avaruddha kaMThe temAM joDAyA. pachI UThIne oraDAnA eka khUo cAlyA gayA ane svasthatA TakAvavAno prayatna karatA AkhI rAta tyAM ja besI rahyA. kapALe kaMkuno cAMdalo karyo. mIrAMbahene phUlono hAra paherAvyo. bAnA hAthamAM kAcanI pAMca baMgaDI haMmezA rahetI - temanAM lagna thayAM tyArathI. e baMgaDIo para paNa phUlo vIMTyAM. bAnA dehane oraDAnI bhoMya para mUkyo ane bAnA AkhA zarIrane tAjAM puSpothI DhAMkI dIdhuM. temanA mastaka pAse dIvo pragaTAvIne mUkyo. sarakAre jANavA mAMgyuM ke have aMtimavidhi zI rIte karavAnI che? loko aMtimakriyAmAM bhAga laI zake te mATe bAnA dehane jelanI bahAra laI javo ke pachI jelamAM agnisaMskAra karavAM? ane bIjo prazna paNa Ubho thayo - agnisaMskAra koNa karaze - moTA putra harilAlano patto nahoto, bIjo putra miNalAla dUra dakSiNa AphrikAmAM hato. bAkInA bane athavA bemAMthI eka putrane to agnisaMskAra karavAnI rajA maLavI joIe. bApue kahyuM, 'AkhA dezane aMtimakriyAmAM sAmela thavAno hakka che, jo te na Apo to pachI mArA putro paNa aMtimakriyAmAM bhAga nahIM le.' sarakAra mUMjhAI. Ano artha e ke tamAma rAjakIya kedIone paNa choDavA paDe ane to pachI mAMDa dabAyeluM AMdolana pharI jora pakaDe. rASTramAtAnI aMtima kriyA jelamAM ja karavI temane vadhu salAmata lAgI. bApue rAmadAsa ane devadAsane kahyuM, 'dezanA lokonI bA pratyenI lAgaNI dabAvI devI paDatI hoya to tamAre paNa tema ja karavuM ghaTe. mArA putrone vizeSa adhikAra ApavAnI tarapheNa huM nahi karuM.' tyAM samAcAra AvyA ke mahAtmAnA zrImaMta anuyAyIoe bAnA agnisaMskAra mATe sukhaDa mokalavAnuM nakkI karyuM che. bApue kahyuM, 'tamArI lAgaNInI huM kadara karuM chuM paNa mArA jevA garIba mANasanI patnIne A vaibhava zobhe nahIM. eka jela suparinTeDenTa A sAMbhaLI bApu pAse Avyo ane kahyuM, 'bApu, thoDuM sukhaDanuM lAkaDuM mArI pAse che, te vAparIe to? 'tamArI pAse? kyAMthI AvyuM?' Apa bImAra hatA tyAre, 21 divasanA upavAsa vakhate sarakAre Apane kaMI thAya to - tema vicArIne mokalyuM hatuM.' teno saMkoca joI bApu phikkuM hasyA ane kahyuM, 'to pachI e sukhaDa to mAruM gaNAya. mArI patnI mATe te vAparavAmAM vAMdho nahIM.' budhavAre savAre dasa vAgye, soeka mANasonI hAjarImAM, daravAjA bahAra UbhelI zokAkula bhIDanI sAkSImAM bAnA aMtimasaMskAra thayA. bAnA puSpAcchAdita dehane mAdevabhAInA agnisaMskAra karyA hatA tenI bAjumAM gokkSAyelI citA para mUkavAmAM Avyo. e dehane Teko karatI vakhate bApunuM dhairya kSaNabhara DagI gayuM. paNa zAlathI potAnAM AMsu lUchI temaNe bAnA dehane Teko ApI citA para goThavyo. zAMta avAje bhagavadgItA, kurAna, bAIbalanA TesTAmenTanA aMza temaNe vAMcyA. mIrAMbahene olDa TesTAmenTa satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 21 vizvabharamAM samAcAra pahoMcyA. agnisaMskAranI taiyArI thaI. devadAsa, pyArelAla ane nAnA manu, kanu ane rAmIe kastUrabAno oraDo sApha karyo. badho sAmAna bahAra kADhI nAkhyo. suzIlA ane mIrAMbahene bAne navaDAvyAM. vALa oLyA ane bApue kAMtelA sUtaranI lAla kinAravALI sADI bAne oDhADI. suzIlAe temanA oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka

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vAMcyuM. DaoN. gilDare jarathostI vacano kahyAM ane AzramavAsIoe pachInAM bApunAM varSo, temanI jAnyuArI 1948 mAM hatyA thaI hiMdI bhajano gAyAM. tyAM sudhInA tamAma varSo, bApu mATe kaparAM hatAM. eka tarapha pachI bApu UbhA thayA. sukhaDanAM lAkaDAMnI citA para ghI ahiMsAno vijaya thayo hato.to bIjI tarapha akhaMDa bhAratanuM svapna reDyuM. devadAse bAnA zarIra para agni mUkyo. roLAI gayuM hatuM. kaoNMgresa pakSanA netAoe amuka rIte temano phebruArInI e ThaMDI savAre bApu animeSa netre bAsaTha varSanA vizvAsaghAta karyo hato. sattA meLavavA mATe saue bApuno upayoga sAthIno deha bhasmIbhUta thato joI rahyA. temanA gaLAmAM DUmo karI lIdho hato. svAtaMtryanI prApti pachI bApunA netRtvanI temane bharAI Avyo. mArA zarIramAMthI prANa cAlyo gayo. have huM zuM jarUra rahI nahotI. dezanA be bhAga paDI gayA hatA. prajAnI karIza? e emanA zabdo hatA. durdazAnI koIne paDI nahotI. doDha karoDa loko visthApita thayA bAnA dehane bhasma thatAM klAko lAgyA. bApu tyAM citAnI hatA. temanAM hatAzA ane gusso vAraMvAra komI ramakhANo rUpe pAse ja besI rahyA. bapora paDI. saune vidAya ApI bApu pharI bhabhUkI UThatAM hatAM. bApu khUba vyathita hatA, chatAM parANe hasatuM citA pAse AvIne beThA. temanI najara agninI jvALAo para moTuM rAkhatA. rAjakIya ekatA mATe, sthiratA mATe jarUra hoya tyAre ja hatI. aMdara AvavAnI eka vinaMtIne temaNe gaNakArI nahIM. potAnuM duHkha dabAvI detA. sUrya namavA Avyo tyAre paNa thoDI jvALAo dekhAtI hatI, dhumADo te vakhate mArI uMmara 13 varSanI hatI. huM bApu pAse hato. UThato hato. bApu UThatA nahotA. 'bAnI A pRthvI paranI chellI mArI samaja dezanA banAvone pacAvavA jeTalI vikasita nahotI kSaNomAM huM tene choDIne kevI rIte jaI zakuM?' ane vAtAvaraNane chatAM bApunI eka paLe premALa dAdA banI javAnI ne bIjI paLe haLavuM banAvavAnI koziza karatAM bolatA, 'bA jANe to mane mApha gaMbhIra rAjapuruSa banI javAnI zaktine joI huM navAI pAmI kare kharI?' paNa vAkya pUruM karatAM temanI AMkha bharAI AvI. jato. chevaTe rAta DhaLI citA zAMta paDI. bApu UDyA ane mahelamAM bhAgalA pachI phATI nIkaLelI hiMsAne rokavA pharI bApuno gayA. vAdaLachAyA AkAza nIce citA pAsethI UThI mahelamAM jatA khapa paDyo. pharI teo hiMdanA rAjakaraNanA kendramAM AvI gayA. e nAnakaDA vRddhano eka phoTogrApha koIe lIdho che, temAM e paNa bApu A badhAthI dUra baMgALanA sarahadI vistAromAM jyAM kSaNanI gaMbhIratA vartAya che. hiMsA sauthI vadhu pramANamAM phATI nIkaLI hatI tyAM pharatA rahetA. rAmadAsa ane devadAse be divasa pAse rahevAnI maMjUrI mAgI. sAthe thoDA sAthIo rahetA. gAmegAma pharI teo lokone zAMti temane bAnAM asthi bhegAM karI temanI ane bApunI icchA mujaba ane saMpa jALavI rAkhavA samajAvatA. thoDAM aThavADiyAmAM loko alAhAbAda gaMgA-yamunAnA saMgamamAM padharAvavAM hatA. mitro, zAMta thavA lAgyA hatA. svajanothI vIMTALAyelA bApuno zoka koI rIte ocho thato nahoto. 15 oNgasTa, 1947 nA divase deza AjhAda thayo tenA bA vinAnuM jIvana meM kadI kahyuM paNa nahotuM,' temaNe kahyuM utsavamAM sAmela thavA kaoNMgresanA netAoe bApune dilhI bolAvyA. hatuM, 'te mAro abhinna hisso banI gaI hatI, tenA javAthI huM 'utsava zAno?' bApue kahyuM, 'mArA hajAro dezavAsIo adhUro thaI gayo.' laoNrDa vevele lakhelA patranA javAbamAM temaNe ekabIjAne kApI rahyA hoya tyAre huM kyA moDhe ujavaNI karuM?' lakhyuM. "dhAryA karatAM mane ghaNI moTI khoTa paDI che. meM evuM icchayuM samagra deza svAtaMtryaprAptino AnaMda mANI rahyo hato tyAre nahotuM, chatAM teNe mArAmAM potAnI jAtane ogALI dIdhI hatI. bApu baMgALanI sarahadomAM pharatA hatA. sAcA arthamAM te mArI ardhAginI hatI, 'beTara hApha' hatI.' jAnyuArI, 1948nI zarUAtamAM bApu dilhI AvyA. e AgAkhAna mahelamAM bAnA mRtyu pachI temanA dehanI bhasmamAMthI jovA mATe ke dilhImAM zAMti che ke kema ane bhArate pAkistAnane temanA putro asthi ekaThAM karI rahyA hatA tyAre temane kAcanI tenA bhAganA 55 karoDa rUpiyA ApyA che ke kema. hiMdutvavAdIo pAMca baMgaDIo rAkha vacce camakatI dekhAI. bAnA saubhAgyanuM mAnatA hatA ke A rUpiyA pAkistAnanA nathI eno upayoga thI temanI jIvanabharanI niSThAnuM pratIka evI baMgaDIo koI camatkArika atyAcArano bhoga banIne AvelA hiMduo mATe kharcavA. bApue rIte agninI jvALAo vacce salAmata rahI hatI - jIvanabharanI kahyuM, 'e anaitika che. bhAgalA paDe eTale hiMsA thAya e bhAgalA kasoTIo vacce bAnI pati pratyenI samarpita niSThA salAmata rahI svIkAratI vakhate ja samajavAnuM hatuM. hiMsAmAM hiMduonI sAthe hatI tema. muslimoe paNa yAtanA bhogavI che. bhArata potAnI svataMtra tyAra pachI eka AkhuM varSa bApu AgAkhAna mahelamAM hatA. jiMdagI anaitikatAnA pAyA para zarU kare te barAbara nathI.' temaNe bahAra AvyA tyAre duniyA badalAI gaI hatI. bAnA mRtyu pachI upavAsa zarU karyA. komI ekatA tenI mukhya zarata hatI. bApunuM cetana cAlyuM gayuM hatuM. utsAha osarI gayo hato. tyAra svataMtra hiMdanI sarakAre pAkistAnane rUpiyA ApavA bAMhedharI 2 2 ) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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ApI. hiMdu aMtimavAdIoe temAM muslima taraphI valaNa joyuM. ApavA mAgaze to koI mane mArI nahIM zake. izvara mane potAnI temanI hatyAnuM kAvataruM racavA mAMDyuM. kaoNMgresanA brAhmaNa ane pAse bolAvavA icchaze to koI mane bacAvI nahIM zake.' tema teo kSatriya netAone potAnI sattA ane zrImaMtAInA rastAmAM gAMdhI kahetA. ADakhIlIrUpa lAgatA hatA. temanI briTiza raheNIkaraNI sAme 30 jAnyuArI, 1948 nA divase nathurAma vinAyaka goDase gAMdhI asahakAranuM zastra ugAme te temane paravaDe tevuM na hatuM. nAmanA kaTTara hiMdue mahAtmA gAMdhI para goLI calAvI. prArthanAnI prajAnA nasIbe zveta zAsakonA jagyAe ghauMvarNA zAsako AvyA, mudrAmAM joDelA hAtha sAthe chAtI para traNa goLIonAM lohI te sivAya kazuM na badalAyuM. nIkaLatAM nizAna laI bApu jamIna para DhaLI paDyA. temanA potAnI jiMdagI bhayamAM che tevuM bApu samajatA hatA, paNa mukhamAMthI ugAra nIkaLyo he rAma, rAma' hatyArA para eka paLa koI salAmatI vyavasthA svIkAravAno temaNe inkAra karyo. sarakArane TheravAyelI temanI AMkhomAM vaMcAtuM hatuM. "izvara tAruM bhaluM kare, phAvatuM maLyuM. bApu thAkI gayA hatA. potAnuM zreSTha temaNe dezane beTA!' ApI dIdhuM hatuM. have pote kaMDArelA mArga para navI peDhI cAle ane arUNa gAMdhInA pustaka "dha pharagoTana vumana'mAMthI pote IzvaranA zaraNe jAya te ja ucita hatuM. 'Izvara jiMdagI anuvAda - sonala parIkha emanuM vyaktitva adbhuta che. pArasamaNisamuM che. temanuM hADa vIra nAyako ane zahIdonI mATImAMthI baneluM che. emanAmAM evo adbhuta AdhyAtmika pAvara che ke temanI AsapAsanA sAmAnya mANaso paNa vIra zahIdo banI jAya che.'' - gopAlakRSNa gokhale, 1912 gAMdhIjIthI vadhu vizuddha, vadhu umadA, vadhu bahAdura ane vadhu ucca AtmA A pRthvI parakadI avataryo nathI.' ' - gopAlakRSNa dokhale, kogresa adhivezana lAhora khAte vaktavya ApatAM 1909 "ekAdaza vratane jIvanazuddhi sAdhanA kahI zakAya. jIvana amuka vizeSa zraddhA para khaDuM karavuM joIe. eka nizcita dizAmAM vahevAne kAraNe nadInuM pANI vIkharAI jatuM nathI ane tethI temAMthI kAragara tAkAta pragaTa thAya che. jIvananadI beya anusAra vahe te mATe A agiyAra vratanI yojanA che. agAu A vratonI AvazyakatA kevaLa sAdhako mATe manAyelI. gAMdhIjIe sevako ane saMsArIo mATe rojabarojanA vyavahAramAM paNa A vratonI AvazyakatA mAnIe emanI vizeSacA che.'' - vinobA bhAve oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (23

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gAMdhIjInuM khovAyeluM ratnaH harilAla gAMdhI | nIlama parIkha gAMdhI parivAranAM putrI, gujarAtanA AdivAsI vistAramAM varSo sudhI zikSaNa ane sevAnuM kArya karI, nivRttimAM navasArImAM vasavATa. gAMdhIjI vize keTalAMka pustakonuM lekhana karanAra lekhikA. 'gAMdhIjInuM khovAyeluM dhanaH harilAla gAMdhI', 'gAMdhIjInA sahakAryakaro', gAMdhIjInA patro - vagere graMtha. tejasvI ane vicakSaNa harilAla gAMdhI mArA nAnA thAya. harilAlanuM hIra gAMdhIjIe pArakhI lIdhuM hatuM tethI ja harilAlane gAMdhI parivAranI dIkarI tarIke mAro ullekha karavAmAM Ave tyAre ghaDavAnA emaNe athAga prayatno karyA. dakSiNa AphrikAmAM gAMdhIjIne sadAya mArA manamAM saMkoca thAya. ame pU. bApujInA vicAro harilAlanA kAryathI ane AgaLa vadhavAnI harilAlanI hoMzathI pramANe jIvavAno prayatna karyo. ame AdivAsI grAmavistAramAM saMtoSa paNa thato. gAMdhIjI icchatA ke harilAla mAro sekreTarI sthira thayA pachI jyAre gAMdhI parivAranA sabhyone amAruM kAma bane. 'bhAI mahAdeve tamArI garaja sArI che. paNa tame tenI jovA AvavAno prasaMga Ubho thayo ane amAruM gaurava karavAmAM jagyAe hota to kevuM sAruM evI mamatA hajI nathI jatI.'' ema AvyuM tyAre evI lAgaNI thaI ke ame chAne khUNe rahIne amArA lakhIne harilAlane mATenI potAnI AzA vyakta karI detA. dakSiNa mahAna pUrvajonuM tarpaNa karyuM che. AphrikAmAM harilAla jelamAM jAya, potAnI gerahAjarImAM emanA mArI bA-rAmIbahena, mAsI-mu. manubahena, ane mAmA-mu. vatInAM kAmo barAbara niSThAthI ane kALajIthI pUrAM thatAM joIne kAMtibhAI amane ghaNI vAra pU. kastUrabA-bApujI tathA bhAI- gAMdhIjInuMya mana keTaluM nAcI UThatuM haze! harilAlane potAnuM (harilAlabhAIne sau 'bhAI' kahetA) nI aneka vAto karatAM. pU. "dhana' samajIne ene vadhAravAno ja satata prayatna rahelo. kasturabAne bApujIe bhAI para lakhelA patro vAMcIne avAranavAra kahetA ke, paNa dIkarA mATe eTalo ja prema ane Adara hatAM ane ethI ja bhAI AvA premALa, hoziyAra, cANAkSa e khUba buddhizALI tathA dIkaro jyAre dharmaparivartana karI le che tyAre "ame ratana khoyuM" puruSArthI hatA. ame emanI vAto noMdhI rAkhI hota to vadhu sAruM evA udgAro harilAlanI dIkarI rAmInA patramAM kastUrabAthI thAta. paNa enuM mahattva tyAre samajAyuM nahotuM. Aje samajAyuM vyakta thaI jAya che! mA-bApa satata potAnA A "dhana'ne, 'ratana' tyAre ghaNuM moDuM thaI gayuM che. ne ghasAIne UjaLuM banAvavA icchatAM hatAM ane traNenA prayatno e eTaluM to avazya yAda che ke, mu. kAMtimAmA emanI mAMdagI dizAmAM ja rahyA. daramiyAna mu. manumAsIne tyAM amane maLyA tyAre pAse besADI, paNa prArabdha AgaLa mAnavanA hAtha heThA ja paDe che. chatAM pITha thAbaDatAM kahe: 'bApuno kIdho huM to gAmaDe na gayo paNa tame A mahAmAnava hiMmata nathI hAratA. bApa-dIkarA baMneno puruSArtha baMne jaNAM gAmaDAmAM AdivAsIo vacce besIne je kAma karo cho chevaTa lagI cAlu ja rahyo. gAMdhIjIe nAraNadAsane patramAM tenI vAto sAMbhaLIne khUba AnaMda thAya che. bApunuM kAma ame na lakhyuM : have harilAlanuM nasIba ene jyAM laI jAya te kharuM. karyuM. tame karo ane AgaLa vadho evA mArA AzIrvAda che.' A AveluM dhana khovAya nahIM eTalo ja Izvarano pADa mAnavo rahyo.' zabdo sAMbhaLI mana nAcI UThayuM ane AMkho chalakAI gaI. harilAlane patramAM lakhe che : "..... je hariicchA. te hari' A sAthe ja bApujIno (gAMdhIjIno) bhAI (harilAla) mATeno mAM tame paNa AvI zako, jyAre nAma jevA guNa dhAraNa karo tyAre. utkaTa prema paNa yAda AvI gayo. bApujInI keTalI icchA hatI ke, tenuM bIja tamArAmAM jouM chuM, te bIjamAMthI moTuM jhADa thAo evI mAro vAraso harilAla sAcave. zarUAtanA varSomAM jyAre gAMdhIjIne mArI icchA che, evo mAro AzIrvAda che. saMbhava che ke, mArAthI vilAyata abhyAsa mATe javuM paDyuM ane pachIthI kamAvA mATe tame mArI sevA bAbate caDI jazo. ema ja thavuM joIe.'' paNa AphrikA javAnuM thayuM tyAre harilAlane ekalAne hiMdamAM mUkI javuM izvare ApeluM dhana gAMdhIjIe eka hAthamAMthI khoI nAMkhyuM to e paDyuM te emane gamyuM nahIM ja hoya. paNa nAnapaNamAM harilAlane ja Izvare bIjA hAthamAM dezanA aneka yuvakone - dIkarAone mUkI bApujInA prema ane ghaDatarano abhAva lAgyo haze te pUro pADavA dIdhA! gAMdhIjIe tanatoDa mahenata karI hatI. e mATe teo pUrA sajAga harijanabaMdhumAM gAMdhIjI lakhe che : ".... AvI sthitimAM meM hatA. e jamAnAmAM 1905nI AsapAsa - bALakonAM uchera ane tene khoyo che enuM kAraNa huM chuM.... bALapaNano ghaNo kALa e ghaDatara pAchaLa gAMdhIjInA kevA udAtta vicAro ane AcaraNa hatAM mArAthI vikhUTo rahyo.... prabhu ene buddhi Ape ne mArAthI te emanA dareka prasaMga ane patramAM dekhAI Ave che. tenI sevA karavAmAM jeTalI UNapa rakhAI hoya ene sAru mane 24) (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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mAphI Ape evI prabhu pratye prArthanA haMmezAM cAle che....'' harinA hatuM. teo jAte paNa tene oLakhI na zakyA ane ema mAnavA lAlane gAMdhIjInA vahAlA dhanane - kasturabAnA ratanane sAce ja lAgyA ke, jIvanabhara rakhaDavAnu ja mArA bhAgyamAM nirmAyeluM che. harie harI lIdhuM. gAMdhIjInA jIvanamAM banelA aneka prasaMgone AvarI letuM bApunA mRtyu samaye harilAle potAnI manovyathA vyakta karI vipula kahI zakAya evuM sAhitya upalabdha che. temAM A pustikA te muMbaInA dainika chApAmAM chapAI : 'harilAle gAMdhIjInA dvArA umero karatI vakhate saheje prazna thAya che ke umero karavAnI avasAnanA samAcAra sAMbhaLyA tyAre teo ekadama bolI UThyA jarUra kharI? sAmAnya saMjogomAM evo umero karavAnI jarUra hatA ke : "mArA pitAne ane duniyAnA eka mahAtmA tathA saMta kharI? sAmAnya saMjogomAM evo umero karavAno vicAra paNa mane puruSane mArI nAkhanArane huM mAryA vagara nahIM choDuM.' to na Avata ane tenI jarUra paNa na lAgata. paraMtu keTalAka | 'harilAla gAMdhI thoDA divasa pahelAM ja muMbaInA eka aMgrejI mahinAothI zrI dinakara jozInA 'prakAzano paDachAyo'' pustakanA sAptAhikanI oNphisamAM gayA hatA ne tyAM kAma karI rahelA eka AdhAre lakhAyelA gAMdhI viruddha gAMdhI nAmanA marAThI, gujarAtI, bhAIne kaheluM : 'tame mArI pAsethI thoDI vAta zAMtithI sAMbhaLI hindI ane chelle aMgrejI bhASAmAM Mahatma Vs. Gandhi rajU lo. duniyA mArI kathA sAMbhaLIne mArA tarapha hase che. paNa sAcI thaI rahelA nATakamAM vAstavikatAne samajyA vinA, je ghATa vAta to duniyAe kadI jANI ja nathI. eTale e vAta huM marI jAuM sAhityasarjanamAM, kalpanAnA raMgo umeravAnI chUTano upayoga karIne te pahelAM duniyAe jANI levI joIe.'' Apyo che, temAM rahelA gaMbhIra hakIkata doSo ane rajUAtanI "ema kahIne harilAla e vartamAnapatravALA bhAIne potAnI paddhatithI darzakonA mAnasa upara A baMne vyaktio vize UpajatI sAthe laI gayA ane muMbaInA eka ajANyA khUNAmAM AvelI gerasamajUtI bharelI chApane dUra karavA ke sudhAravA keTalIka hakIkato nAnI oraDImAM pahoMcyA. tyAM harilAlanA vaDIla sittereka varSanI loko samakSa rajU karavAnuM mane yogya lAgyuM. harilAlabhAInA vayanAM koIka DozI hatAM. temaNe eTaluM ja kahyuM ke : "harilAlane Aptajanone e hakIkato vidita che. paraMtu bIjA loko enAthI gAMdhIjI mATe keTaluM badhuM mAna che ne temane mATe tenA manamAM keTalo hajI ajANa che. prema che enI duniyAne kyAM khabara paDI zakavAnI che?' '' svAmI AnaMda lakhe cheH 'gAMdhIjInI satya pratyenI niSThA tema e vAta sAcI che ke sau potapotAnI samaja ane zakti ja emanA Agrahane yathAyogya samajanAranI najaramAM, A bAbatamAM, pramANe jIve che. mathe che ane kAmanI dizA pakaDe che. je lokonI emano doSa vase ema nathI. satyaniSThAne khAtara potAnuM sarvasva dizAbhUla thayA chatAM yAda rahI jAya evI vyakti hatA. vismRtimAM nyochAvara karanAra jIvanasAdhaka, potAnI sAdhanA pAchaLa "suta' dhakelAyA chatAM emanA jIvanane akSaradeha apAyo te AchopAtaLo vitta, dArA, zIza samApe emAM navAI nathI. e ema ja kare. lAgyo. eTale amArA nAnA pratyenuM RNa cUkavavA A pustikAmAM gAMdhIjIe e ja purANI paraMparAnuM anusaraNa karyuM.'' emanA jIvananI vAstavikatAno pAyo bAMdhyo che. te mATe pragaTa 'Ama chatAM emaNe cAre dIkarAone, teo uMmara lAyaka ane apragaTa patro tathA noMdhono Azaro lIdho che. thatAM veta prApta tu SoDaze varSevALA nyAye putrone mitra gaNIne harilAlabhAInA parivArane saMsthA ane samAjanI upekSAmAMthI temane potAnI icchA tema ja valaNa mujaba potapotAnI kArakirdI pasAra thavuM paDe, potAnAM saMtAnone TapalAM khAtAM jovAM paDe, manamAM tema ja jiMdagIno vyavasAya pasaMda karavA ane tene anusaravA kAyamane mATe laghutAgraMthi baMdhAI jAya, vyasanomAMthI chUTavAnI saMpUrNa chUTa ApI. emaNe pote to te badhAne - khAsa karIne mathAmaNa chatAM jANe parANe e dizAmAM dhasaDAI javAya, sAcI rAmadAsane ane devadAsane - potAnI najaramAM atyaMta priya ane vAta samajAya chatAM e raste javAnuM manobaLa tUTI jAya ane jIvana gauravabharyA evA, kisAna, vaNakara, darajI, mocI, dhAMcI, bhaMgI eka karuNAMtikA banI jAya tyAre mahAtmAnA A jyeSTha putranI zI vagere vyavasAyonI samAja-upakAraka mahattA temaja gaurava samajAvyAM sthiti thAya che eno citAra ApIne ema kahevAnuM mana thAya che hatAM, ane te svIkAravAnI himAyata, jIva toDIne karI hatI. ke A karuNAMtikAnuM punarAvartana koInAya kuTuMbamAM na thajo. chatAM A be bhAIoe tevA kazA vyavasAyamAM paDavAnI potAnI hakane mATe laDavAnuM paNa e laDatamAM hathiyAra kevaLa ahiMsAtmaka anicchA tema ja azakti darzAvI, ane Adhunika madhyama varganA AtmabaLanuM vAparavAnuM. harilAla bahAdurI bharelA AtmabaLanA bIjA sau lokonI jema ja potAne paNa vakIla, dAktara, chApAvALA, sAdhana vaDe laDI laI potAnA hako meLavavA AraMbhamAM 'harino IjanerI ke evA ja cAlu chApanA vyavasAyomAM javAnI, tema ja mAraga' lIdho. pachI choDyo. athaDAyA ane ajANyA AthamI potAnAM haiyAMchokarone paNa te ja Dhabe ucheravAnI icchA darzAvI. gayA. mahAtmAnA putra hatA eTale emanI athaDAmaNa samAjanI AvA valaNathI gAMdhIjIne AdhAta thayo hato, paNa e gaLI najare caDI, saunI najare na caDyuM hoya evuM sattva paNa emanAmAM jaIne, emaNe badhAne khulle dile haiyAdhAraNa ApI ke emanI (oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvaLa : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha)(25)

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salAha amAnya karavAnI ane potAnI jAtanA valaNane ja potAnA khyAlonA akhatarA putro upara karIne, temane yogya keLavaNI anusaravAnI saune saMpUrNa chUTa che, ane teo tema karaze to teTalA ApavAnI, potAnI pharaja cUkyAno doSa gAMdhIjIne dIdho che.'' ja kAraNe pitA-putranA nAtAne rajamAtra paNa dhakko pahoMcavAno ''paNa A aMge huM eTaluM ja kahIza ke phUla jevA komaLa chatAM nathI, pote, putrone potAnA mitra tarIke ja haMmezAM gaNaze ane vaja jevA kaThora lokottara yugapuruSonuM mApa kADhavAnuM ApaNuM keTaluM potAno vartAva sau pratye haMmezane mATe te prakArano raheze. AvI gajuM? huM agAu kahI gayo tema 'suta, vitta, dArA, zIza samarape' bAMyadharI ApIne saune nirbhaya karyA.' vALI chApanA sAdhako tema ja bhaktonI paraMparA samajavAnuM ApaNuM A pachI e jIvyA tyAM sudhI putro pratye emanuM valaNa tema ja gajuM ochuM. eTalo ja khulAso A aMge karI zakAya.'' vartana sadAya, tevI rIte AtmiyatA ane maitrIbharyA sadbhAvanuM rahyuM A pustaka dvArA gAMdhI parivAra sAthenI lohInI sagAIne e bInAnA sau koI sAkSI che. eka navo vyApaka saMdarbha maLyo che. A vAta amArI carcAo ane A mahattA lokottara evA mahAnubhAvomAM jovA maLe e A pustakanA lakhANa vakhate uttarottara vadhu spaSTa thatI gaI tyAre dekhItuM che. samajAyuM ke amArI javAbadArI keTalI badhI che! harilAla gAMdhInA putronAM uchera tema zikSaNa aMgenA gAMdhIjInA vartanamAM, vaMzajo tarIke ame AvuM tarpaNa karIe e jarUrI hatuM. emanAM potAnAM kuTuMbIjanoe, hitecchuoe, nikaTavartI sahAyakartAoe ane A dezanA tema ja paradezanA aneka kAryakaro, 'saragama', gaNeza phArma, chAparA roDa, lekhako, graMthakAro vageree gAMdhIjIno vAMka joyo che. gAMdhIjIe navasArI (396445) da. gujarAta Mahatma Gandhi with Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan in Peshawar during his visit to NWFP, 1938 L(26) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018

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21 mI sadImAM gAMdhI ciMtana DaoN. vidhuta jozI samAjazAstranA nivRtta prophesara. amadAvAda ane sUratanI samAjazAstrIya saMzodhananI saMsthAonA pUrva niyAmaka. bhAvanagara yunivarsiTInA kulapatipade ane yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANaborDanA sabhyapade rahI cUkyA che. aneka saMsthAo sAthe saMkaLAyelA che ane aneka puraskArothI navAjAyelA che. divyabhAskara'nA kolamisTa che. saMzodhananA aneka graMtho bahAra paDelAM che. gAMdhIjIne ApaNe temanA kAryakramo thakI oLakhIe chIe. sadImAM gAMdhI ciMtana kevuM hoI zake ane jagatanA pravartamAna agiyAra mahAvrato, mArA svapnanuM bhArata, khAdI tathA anya praznone tenA thakI kevI rIte javAba ApI zakAya tenI vAta karazuM. racanAtmaka kAryakramo, sAta sAmAjika pApo, satyanA prayogo, gAMdhIjInI ciMtana paddhati : AdivAsI-zramiko-dalito tathA anya tabakkAo vizenA temanAM gAMdhIjI eka khUba ja saMvedanazIla ane kuzAgra buddhi dharAvatI kAmo, satyAgraha va. thakI oLakhIe chIe. gAMdhIjI dakSiNa vyakti hatA. Ama hovAthI teo potAnI paristhati viSe pratibhAva AphrikAthI 1915 mAM bhArata AvyA pachIthI bhAratanA ghaDataramAM ApatA rahetA hatA. zarUmAM mitronI asara heThaLa AvyA pachI ane tenA kAryakramomAM eTalA badhA khuMpelA rahyA ke temanuM darzana temane potAnA kuTuMba ane AsapAsanA lokonI vaiSNava praNAlIno eka saLaMga sUtra svarUpe nathI lakhAyuM. AthI temanuM ciMtana zAstrIya paricaya thayo. Ama kahIe to gAMdhI vicAraNAnA bIja hindu graMtha rUpe temanA dvArA upalabdha nathI thayuM. joke teo prakhara lekhaka vicAramAM paDelA che. pachIthI teo IMgleDa gayA tyAre teo pAzcAtya hatA, paraMtu temane lekhomAM, kAryakramo ane lokone mArgadarzana ciMtananI asara heThaLa AvyA. 'gAMdhI ina iglenDa' pustaka jozo ApavAmAM sarvagrAhI ciMtananuM lakhANa rahI gayuM che. AthI ja to to teo zarUmAM sAmyavAda ane mUDIvAda ema baMnenI sAthe saMvAda temanA keTalAMka lakhANo savAla-javAba svarUpe lakhAyAM che. gAMdhIjInA karyA pachI mAnavavAdamAM sthira thayelA dekhAya che. to paNa gAMdhInA vicArone tAttvika svarUpamAM mukavAnA prayAso bI.ena. gAMgulI pAyAnA vicAronA mULa hindu ciMtananAM paDelAM che. gAMdhInuM satya (sozIyala gAMdhIjha sozIyala phliosophI) ke dakSAbena paTTaNI (gAMdhIjInuM eTale AtmajJAna-RSionuM satya temane rUci gayuM che ane A ciMtana) jevA anya lekhakoe karyuM che. pyArelAla ane mazarUvAlAnAM satya pAmavAnI AtmajJAnanI paddhati paNa temane rUci gaI che. A pustako paNa gAMdhIjInA darzanane samajavAmAM mahattvanAM che. uparAMta temane jaina ane vaiSNava ane bauddha praNAlIomAM rasa koI paNa ciMtaka potAnA samayanA saMdarbhanA, pratibhAva svarUpe paDyo hato, jaina paraMparAonI ahiMsAnI praNAlI paNa ruci gaI lakhato hoya che. AthI ja jJAna e sAmAjika saMracanA che. je te che. gAMdhIjInuM satya ane ahiMsA eTale hindu dharmamAM kahela satya lekhakonA vicAro tenA samayanA saMdarbho mujaba ghaDAyA hoya che. ane ahiMsA. temanuM satya mAhitI para AdhArita(impirikala) Ama hovAthI samaya ane saMdarbha cAlyA jatA athavA badalAtA te nathI. temanA aparigrahanA siddhAMtanA mULa izAvAsya upaniSadanA vicAromAMthI kAyamI mUlyone alaga tAravIne kAryakramone choDI prathama zloka cena tyaktana bhuMjIthA mAM raheluM che. Ama veda karatA devA paDe ane navA saMdarbhomAM navA kAryakramo ApavA paDe. gAMdhIjInA temanA para upaniSAdonI asara vadhu rahI che. hindu dharmanI tapa vicAro pUrva 1948 mAM sthira thaI gayA che. Aje samayano ghaNo paddhati temane gamI gaI che ane svapIDanamAM Atmazuddhi che ane pravAha badalAI gayo che. eka udAharaNa ApuM. gAMdhIjIe aspRzyatA te ja jJAnanuM mULa che, tevo temane daDha vizvAsa che. nivAraNanI vAta karI tyAre bhAratamAM zArIrika chUtAchUta hatI. hindu darzanananI asara : Aje zaheromAM A prakAranI chUtAchUtanuM pramANa ochuM thayuM che. gAMdhIjI para upaniSadonI asara vizeSa che. bhAratanI varNa ahIM AbhaDacheTanA savAlo have nathI. paraMtu tenI pAchaLa raheluM vyavasthAne ane jJAtionA vAstavane teo svIkAre che. paraMtu A mUlya te mAnava samAnatAnuM che. Aje paNa samAnatA nathI ane svIkAra mAtra starIkaraNa eTale ke zrama vibhAjana sudhI maryAdita bhedabhAva pravarte che. AthI Aje aspRzyatAne badale bhedabhAva rahe che. teo jJAtigaNa bhedabhAvone bilakula nahotA svIkAratA. nivAraNanA kAryakramo ApavA paDe. jemAM dalitane sosAyaTImAM ghara A varNa vyavasthAnA svIkArane lIdhe temanI keTalIka TIkA paNa thaI bhADe ApavAnI vAta Ave. 21mI sadImAM gAMdhI ciMtanane prastuta che. paraMtu eka vAta svIkAravI joIe ke jJAti bAhulyane svIkAravuM banAvavuM hoya to ahIM ApaNe 21mI sadImAM gAMdhI viSe ciMtana eTale samAjanA vaividhya ane taphAvatone paNa svIkAravA. ahIM karavAnI vAta nathI karatA, paraMtu badalAyela saMdarbhomAM 21mI temane jaina dharmano anekAMtavAda ane buddha dharmano samyavAda madada (oNkaTobara- 2018, prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (27)

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kare che. bI.ena.gAMgulI AnuM vigate varNana kare che. gAMdhIjInI gAMdhIjI A siddhAMtone amalamAM mukanAra hatA. paraMtu A ahiMsAnAM mULa A anekAntavAdamAM che. gAMdhIjI ema paNa dArzanikoe siddhAMto para puSkaLa lakhyuM jyAre gAMdhIne e samaya na mAnatA ke mAtra sAdhya ja nahi, sAdhana paNa zuddha hovuM joIe. A maLyo. sAdhanazuddhinuM mULa naitika pasaMdagInI kaTokaTI, hiMdu nItizAstramAM gAMdhInA vaicArika jagata para sahuthI vadhu asara traNa mAnavavAdI paDeluM che, pavitra apavitranA khyAlamAM paDeluM che. ahIM gAMdhIjI pAzcAtya vicArakonI paDI. thoro, raskina ane TolsToya. gAMdhInA nItine sAmAjika nIti sAthe joDe che tethI pelA sAta sAmAjika lakhANo ane vaktavyomAM A traNeyanA saMdarbho jovA maLe che. pApono khyAla Ape che. tevI ja rIte agiyAra mahAvrato paNa thorone vAMcatA gAMdhIne temano sivila DisaobiDIyansa eTale ke jaina dharmanA vrato para kaika aMze AdhArita che. nAgarika nApharamAnIno khyAla khUba ja pasaMda paDI gayo hato. pAzcAtya darzanano paricaya : rAjyamAM kAyadA jo johukamI hoya (ane tema hoya che tevuM thoro paraMtu gAMdhI ciMtana mAtra hindu darzana para ja AdhArita nathI. mAnatA) to teno ahiMsaka virodha karavAmAM naitikatA che. A gAMdhIjI iMglenDa gayA ane tyAM pAzcAtya vicAronA paricayamAM nAgarika nApharamAna mATe gAMdhIe satyAgraha zabda Apyo ane AvyA. (juo pustaka 'gAMdhI ina iMglenDa) AthI teonA vicAra pachI to te zabda jagatamAM prakhyAta banI gayo. kRSNalAla zrIdharANIe para tenI asara paNa paDI che. A vAta bahu ochA gAMdhIjano AnA para pI.eca.DI.nuM saMzodhana karIne amerikAmAM 'vora vidhAuTa svIkAre che. gAMdhIjI para pahelI asara paDI che imenyuala kAMTanI. vAyolansa' (hiMsA vinAnuM yuddha) nAmanuM pustaka pragaTa karyuM. je kAMTe pAzcAtya darzananuM sukAna pheravI nAkhyuM. atyAra sudhI darzana samagra dvitIya yuddha samaye (1939-45) amerikAmAM besTa selara eTale izvara ane mAnavanA saMbaMdho. kAMTe darzanazAstranA kendramAM pustaka banyuM Ama gAMdhInI laDatanA mULa thoromAM che tema kahI mAnavane mUkI dIdho. ahIMthI mAnavavAdanI zarUAta thaI gaNAya. zakAya, ahIM sattA palTAnI vAta gauNa hatI, paraMtu vyaktinI mAnavatA e sAdhya che, bauddhika ane mAnavIya samAja eTale IcchAnuM bahumAna ane tenuM svarAja e mahattvanuM che. hindu darzanamAM ahiMsaka samAja naitika pasaMdagInI kaTokaTI, rAjyanI abAdhita vyaktinA mokSanI vAta che, samAjanA svAtaMtryanI vAta nathI. sattAno asvIkAra, vyakti svAtaMtra (svarAja) saramukhatAra zAhIno gAMdhIe baMnene joDI batAvyA, thoronA nAgarikanA nApharamAna asvIkAra ane janataMtrano svIkAra, mAnava jema vikAsa karato khyAlamAM teNe kahyuM hatuM ke tamAro aMtarAtmA (konziyansa) kahe te jAya che tema yuddho ane hiMsAno vikAsa thatA jAya che, te vAtano sAcuM. gAMdhInA satyamAM je aMtarAtmAnI vAta che teno saMdarbha ahIM svIkAra, takonI samAnatAnI vAta (prAptinI athavA to Arthika paNa che. samAnatAnI nahi), parArthavAda, dharma ane rivAjoe mAnava vikAsa jo gAMdhInA rAjakIya vicAro para thoronI asara hatI to sAthe rahevuM joIe vagere bAbato je gAMdhIjImAM jovA maLe che tenAM temanA Arthika vicAro para jhona raskinanI asara hatI. 1906mAM mULa kAMTIyana philosophImAM jovA maLe che. gAMdhIe TrenamAM raskInanuM pustaka "ana Tu dha lAsTa' vAMcyuM. teno tyAra bAda salpa vAlDo imarasananA vicAro sAthe gAMdhIjIne anuvAda temaNe 'aMtyodaya'ne nAme karyo ane pachIthI te vicArone tAdAbhya hatuM. imarasanane saMsthAkIya mALakhAmAM avizvAsa hato. sarvodayanA nAme oLakhavAmAM AvyA. raskinanA Arthika vicAro gAMdhIjIe koMgresane vikherI nAkhavAnI vAta karI hatI te A briTiza mUDIvAdano vikalpa ApatA hatA. raskInanA vicAromAM saMdarbhe. imarasanamAM mAnava svAtaMtra mATenI tIvra jhaMkhanA hatI, traNa mudA pAyAnA hatA. evuM ja gAMdhIjImAM jovA maLe che. kAMTanI jema imarasana paNa (1) vyaktinA kalyANamAM sarvanuM (samAjanuM) kalyANa samAyeluM mAnavakendrI hatA. A baMnemAMthI gAMdhIjIe mAnavakendrI vicArasaraNI che. (2) vakIla ane vALaMdanA zramanuM mUlya samAna che. (3) zramanuM vikasAvI. hindu philosophI to izvarakendrI hatI. paraMtu A jagata mUlya karo, yaMtranuM nahi, A traNeya siddhAMtonI gAMdhI vigate carcA paranA darzanamAMthI Izvarane haTAvIne mAnava ane tenA saMbaMdhone kare che. (gAMdhI raskinanA vicAronI tulanA mATe juo gAMgulInuM philosophInA kendramAM A baMne vidvAnoe mUkI hatI. gAMdhIjI paNa 'gAMdhIjI sozIyala phliosophI'). mAnatA ke mAnavamAM potAnuM saMcAlana (svarAja) karavAnI pUratI gAMdhInA AdhyAtmika - rAjakIya vicAro para TolsToyanI kSamatA che. AnAthI AgaLa jaIne imarasana ane gAMdhImAM svanI asara hatI. teo paraspara patravyavahAramAM hatA. rAjyasattA oLakha e jiMdagIno hetu banI rahyo hato. ImarasananI jema ja zaitAnika che ane mAnava svAtaMtryanI virodhI che tema TolsToya gAMdhIjI paNa sAmAjika rAjakIya sudhAraNAmAM mAnatA hatA. kAMTa mAnatA hatA. mAnavI vadhu unnata banIne rAjyasattAno ane rAjakIya ane imarasana ane bIjI bAju gAMdhImAM taphAvata eTalo ja hato saMsthAono virodha karI zake, tema te mAnatA hatA. TolsaToya ke baMne pAzcAtya dArzaniko mAtra abhyAsu (bAhmaNa) hatA. jyAre mAnatA hatA ke rAjyasattAno virodha duzmanAvaTathI nahi, premathI (28) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018)

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karavAno che. tamAre tamArA duzmanane paNa cAhavAno che. gusse jovI joIe. koI majura mAtra majura nathI, tenA vyaktitvanA thavAnuM nathI. dUSaNo sAme dUSaNothI nahi laDo (sAdhana zuddhi anya pAsAM-sAmAjika, dhArmika, sAMskRtika vagere paNa mahattvanAM rAkho). jagatanI vAsanAomAM mana na parovo. (gAMdhInA brahmacaryano che. AthI zikSaNamAM mAtra vyavasAyika tAlIma ja nahi. jIvananA khyAla ahIM mahattvano bane che. brahmacarya eTale mAtra seksabaMdhI mUlyonI tAlIma paNa ApavI paDe. A ja pAyAnI keLavaNI che. nahI, samagrapaNe jagatanI vAsanAothI mana dUra karI devuM, te (5) vyaktine salAmatI ne nirbhayatA tenI AMtarika kSamatAmAMthI brahmacarya kahevAya. pALI na zako tevI pratijJA na lezo tema paNa ane svAtaMtryanI prabaLa icchAmAMthI maLavI joIe. rAjya salAmatI TolsToye kahyuM. "vora enDa pIsa' nAmanI potAnI navalakathAmAM Ape che, te vAta jamaNA che. vAstavamAM rAjya e to anivArya temanA A vicAro vyakta thayA che.) aniSTa che. te vyakti svAtaMtrane haNI le che. A rIte gAMdhI ciMtana pauravaya ane pAzcAtya vicAronA (6) gAMdhI eka evA bhAratanI racanA karavA mAMgatA hatA samanvayarUpa hatuM. hindu darzanamAM gAMdhIjI upaniSadathI vadhu prabhAvita jemAM vyaktinuM potAnA para rAja haze ane rAjya tenA para hAvI hatA. jyAre pAzcAtya darzanamAM teo mAnavavAdI vicArothI vadhu nahi thAya. ahIM sattAnuM ekama gAmaDuM haze. dareka gAma potAnA prabhAvita hatA. alabatta, temane mUDIvAda ane mArksavAdano paricaya nirNayo jAte letuM haze. gAmamAM jarUrI utpAdano gAmamAMja thatAM hato, paraMtu temanA vicAro mAnavavAdamAM TharyA. A baMnenA samanvaya haze. jarUra paDaye gAma anya gAmo sAthe sahakAra karI zakAze. rUpe gAMdhInA sAmAjika darzanane buleTa poInTamAM mUkavA hoya to (7) gAMdhI yaMtranA virodhI nahotA, paraMtu yaMtra AvatA zramikanuM A mujaba mUkI zakAya. gaurava haNAya ane tenuM svAtaMtrya jatuM rahe tenA virodhI hatA. gAMdhI samAja vicAradohana: keTalAka yaMtranA mAlika bane ane kAmadAra potAnA utpAdanathI (1) gAMdhI vyakti vyakti vacce takonI samAnatA ane alaga thatA, zremanuM gaurava jatuM rahe che. Ama to carakho paNa eka saMvAditAmAM mAnatA hatA. temanI vyakti samAnatAnI vAta sAmyavAdI yaMtra ja che, paraMtu temAM zramikanuM ja mahattva che. Ama yaMtra bhale rahe, prAptinI samAnatAnI nahi, paraMtu takonI samAnatAnI hatI. paraMtu te mAnavI para hAvI na bane te jarUrI che. eTale ke doDavAnI lAIna para badhA sAthe hovA joIe. pachI saha (8) gAMdhI jIvananI sAdagImAM mAnatA hatA, sukha sagavaDanI pota potAnI zakti mujaba alaga doDe to gAMdhIne teno vAMdho vipulatAmAM nahi. jo sukha sagavaDanAM sAdhano vipula hoya to jAta nahoto. vaLI gAMdhI vividhatAmAM mAnatA. eTale lokonA rivAjo, mahenata rahetI nathI. vaLI tamArI pAse tamArI jarUra pUratAMja mAnyatAo vagere alaga hoI zake, chatAM teo saha astitva sAdhano hovAM joIe. teo kahetA A pRthvI pAse darekanI jarUra nibhAvI zake te saMvAditA che. pUrI pADe eTalA saMzAdhano che, paraMtu keTalAkanI aMtilAlasA (2) gAMdhI eka evI samAjavyavasthAnuM ghaDatara karavA mAMgatA saMtoSavA jeTalA saMzodhano nathI. hatA jemAM vyaktinA zramanuM gaurava jaLavAI rahe ane vyakti (9) duSTa sAme laDavuM te naitika pharaja che. rAjya paNa anivArya potAnA utpAdanathI alaga na thAya. Ane teo zramanuM gaurava aniSTa che. rAjyanA kAnUno jo vyaktinA svAtaMtrya para tarApa kahetA. dareka vyakti potAnuM kAma jAte kare ane koI nokara na mAratA hoya, to tenI sAme satyAgraha e dharma banI rahe che. hoya te sthiti Adarza che. tema teo mAnatA. AthI ja saha (10) jo dareka vyakti pote potAnuM svarAja jALavI rAkhaze potAnuM karma kare ane potAno nirNaya le. grAma udyogonI saMkalpanA ane anyanA svAtaMtra para tarApa nahi mAre, tathA darekane potAnI ahIM paDelI che. zramanuM gaurava hovAthI kendrita utpAdana vyavasthA mAnyatA mujaba jIvavAno adhikAra haze, to ahiMsaka samAja na hoya paraMtu vikendrita arthakaraNa hoya te icchanIya che. udabhavaze. (3) gAMdhI hakArAtmaka vyakti svAtaMtryamAM mAnatA. dareka 21mI sadImAM prastutatA: vyakti potAno nirNaya jAte le te svarAja. potA para potAnuM have savAla aMgrejo sAme laDavAno nathI, paraMtu ApaNuM ja rAja, eTale svarAja. A vyakti svarAjathI AgaLa jaIne rAma rAjya jarUra karatA vadhu sattA dharAvatuM na thAya te jovAno che, have svarAja Ave jene gAMdhIe hinda svarAja' kahyuM che. A hakArAtmaka savAla jUnI aspRzyatA ke AbhaDacheTano nathI, paraMtu vikAsanI svAtaMtrya ja sAcuM svAtaMtrya che, jyAre aMgrejonI gulAmIthI mukti takomAM bhedabhAvano avazya che... baMne komonA ToLA sAmasAme meLavIne anya koInI gulAmImAM javAnuM hoya to te sAcuM svAtaMtrya AvI jatAM hoya tevAM jUnA komI ramakhANono jamAno have nathI. have savAla AtaMkavAdano ane nakSalavAdano che. have savAla amuka (4) gAMdhI vyaktinA sugrathita vyaktitvamAM mAnatA hatA. jUthonA adhipatyano che. have savAla nAgarika adhikArono hovA vyaktine koI eka lakSaNanA saMdarbhe jovAne badale samagra rIte karatAM vadhu to nAgarikonA gauravapUrNa jIvana jIvavAno che. have L(oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (29) vyakti banAvI nathI,

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savAla Arthika vikeMdrIkaraNano che. have savAla bahu rASTrIya kaMpanIonuM sahuthI vadhu che. AthI mAnava vacce sahakAra ane sAmaMjasya thakI varcasva ghaTADavAno che. have savAla paryAvaraNanI rakSAno che. have ja samAja vyavasthA ghaDI zakAya. AjanA savAlo mATe AthI savAla kaTTara banatI jatI adhipatyanI dhArAne vinIta banAvavAno TolsToya, raskina, thoro ane gAMdhIe ja mAnavavAdI vicAro che. Ama karavuM hoya to gAMdhInA siddhAMto ja kAma lAgaze. ApyA tenA parathI Adhunika samasyAonA ukelo zodhI kADhavA pAzcAtya philosophIne traNa bhAgamAM vaheMcI zakAya! paDe. gAMdhIvAda eTale mAtra khAdI ke pAyAnI keLavaNI ja nahi, jo mAnavasvAtaMtryane mahattva ApI, harIphAI vadhArI prasarato mUDIvAda, gAMdhInA vicArone mAnavavAdanA saMdarbhe samajazuM to 21 mI sadInAM mAnava mAnava vaccenA saMgharSane mahattva ApI samAnatA prasarAvanAra savAlonA ukelo ApI zakazuM. sAmyavAda ane mAnava vaccenA saMbaMdho sahakAra ane sAmaMjasya para racAya che tema kahenAra mAnavavAda. have mAnava saMbaMdhomAM saMgharSanuM 44, sAketa ro hAusa, pramANa ochuM che ane hiMsA ochI thatA saMgharSa ocho thato jAya zrInaMdanagara-3nI sAme, che tyAre saMgharSa para ja samAjanuM mALakhuM ghaDI na zakAya to harIphAI vejalapura, amadAvAda -380051 para paNa saMpUrNa vyavasthAnuM nirmANa na thaI zake. mAtra sahakAra ja phona naM. 09825064748 'uzanas' gAMdhInirvANa dine je kALa zA hoLAIne patharAyelA pote hatA! te sameTAI have 'kSaNa'! be miniTanuM mauna! je kALa kero sAMDha iMgethI jhahI hAMkI gayA, te ATale varSe have khuda be miniTanuM mauna! e keTalI moTI hatI ghaTanA ghaTI itihAsamAM, e svayaM itihAsa-pAne, be miniTanuM mauna! e pahADanA jevuM UMcuM, aMjANyuM hoLuM prANI ko, te soyanA nAkethI sarake! be miniTanuM mauna! kALamAM bharatI caDhI kevI hatI, tyAre aho! te oTamAM oTAI thai lyo, be miniTanuM mauna! te trIsamI Aje hatI, agyAra vAgyAno samaya kyAre gayo vItI, na yAde, be miniTumuM mauna! te pachI to kALamojAM keTalAM uparA parI be miniTa gujaryA upara lyo, be miniTanuM mauna! saMkalana - gAMdhI gaMgA satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018

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samatA ane zAtAmUlaka artharacanA ane gAMdhIvicAra rohita zukla lekhaka paricayaH dezavidezamAM aneka saMsthAomAM arthazAstranuM adhyApana karanAra vidvAna adhyApaka. zikSaNa, saMzodhana, lekhana ane parAmarzana kAryamAM Aje paNa atyaMta vyasta. gujarAtI ane aMgrejI akhabAro ane sAmayikonA kaTAralekhara. dasa pustakonA lekhaka. seva ejyukezana, daSTi phAunDezana, saritA ane namana jevI saMsthAonA pramukha. koIpaNa zAstra ke vidyAzAkhAnA satata ciMtana abhyAsa ane praveze che. bacata karanArA puravaThAnA dvArathI praveze che. mAMga ane parizIlanane kAraNe je te vyakti tenAmaya banI jAya che, te puravaThA dvArA mUDI bajAramAM vyAjanA dara nirdhArIta thAya che. te ja sivAyanuM ke tethI bahAranuM vicAravAnuM kramazaH baMdha thaI jAya che. rIte zramabajAramAM vetananA dara nirdhArIta thAya che ane jamIna ramUjamAM ghaNA loko arthazAstrIone kaMjUsa ke manovijJAnIone bajAramAM bhADuM bajAramAM bhADuM nakkI thAya che. pAgala kahetA hoya che. bahu javalle evA mANaso jovA maLe che paNa mUDI, jamIna ke zramanI mAMga karanAra kazAkanuM utpAdana ke je potAnA abhyAsa-parizIlananA kSetramAMthI bahAra nIkaLe karavA vAste AvI mAMga karatA hoya che. A dhaMdhA, rojagAra, athavA upara UThe. gAMdhIjI AvI vyakti hatA. temanA abhyAsano kArakhAnA vageremAMnI utpAdakIya pravRttiomAMthI maLanArA saMbhavita viSaya to kAyado hato paNa dharma, rAjakaraNa, arthakAraNa samAja naphAnA AdhAre te A badhI kiMmata cUkavavA rAjI thAya che. naphAno vagere kSetro uparAMta svAthya, mAnava-vyavahAra, mAnava saMbaMdho, AdhAra cIjavastuonI mAMga ane puravaThA upara hoya che. Ama nisargopacAra vagere aneka kSetromAM temaNe pradAna karyuM. je te kSetramAM vastu bajAra ane sAdhana bajAra naphAnAM ghaTaka dvArA saMkaLAya che. temaNe vicAro vahetA mUkyA tevuM na hatuM. te satya ane ahiMsAnA napho eka signala praNAlInuM kAma kare che. Arthika sAdhanono mArge cAlanArA eka prayogavIra paNa hatA. AthI gAMdhIvicAra viniyoga karI jANanArA niyojako naphAnI gaNatrI mUkI te pramANe kuMThita ke ekAMgI banI rahevAne badale vyApaka ane dIrdhakAlIna sAdhanonI mAMga karatA rahe che. A niyojakomAM paNa aMdaroaMdara banyo. gAMdhIjInA Arthika vicAro-arthakAraNa aMgenA khyAlo, tIvra hariphAI hoya che. tethI koIneya asAmAnya napho maLato A vyApaka vibhAvanA dharAve che. temAM mAnavajIvananA uddezo ane nathI. AthI samAjamAM Arthika asamAnatA paNa bahu vakaratI dharmanA sAdhanano vicAra karIne mAtra IhalokI vyavasthAthI upara nathI. UThatA mAnavIyatAnA udezone lakSamAM levAyA che. bajAra ane arthataMtranI A samagra lIlAmAM rAjya kAMI ja gAMdhIjInA arthavistAramAM khAdI, grAmodyoga, gAmasvarAja, karavAnuM nathI. jarmanInA nANApradhAna ane pachIthI vaDA pradhAna TrasTIpaNAnI bhAvanA, svAzraya, zArIrika zrama, sAduM jIvana vagere banelA luDaviga arahArDa Ane phUTabolanI ramata sAthe sarakhAve che. pAsAM evAM che ke jeno pazcimamAM vikaselA arthazAstramAM bahu khapa te kahe che tema rAjya phUTabolanI ramatanA repharI samAna che. koIka nathI. 18 mI sadIthI pazcimI DhabanA arthazAstranA gaThanano pAyo TIma hAravA tarapha hoya tyAre repharIe tenA samarthanamAM utarI naMkhAyo. 1776 mAM eDama smithe 'veltha opha nezansa' lakhyuM ane paDavAnuM na hoya, te ja rIte rAjya garIbonI tarapheNamAM utarI tene Adhunika arthazAstrano janaka manAyo. A arthazAstrIya racanAnA paDavAnuM na hoya. badhu ja bajAra upara choDI do. eDama smitha mukhya sUtro A pramANe che. kahetA tema koIka 'adazya hAtha' vaDe badhuM ja barAbara thaI jaze. dareka vyakti-bhaNelA ke abhaNa, zaherI ke grAmINa, strI- 1991 thI bhAratamAM pravartavA mAMDelA ane 1978 thI duniyAbharamAM bALaka ke puruSa, tarkabaddha vartana kare che. te svArthabuddhithI ane pracalita banelA Arthika vicAronuM A moDela che. mahattama saMtoSa meLavavAne vAste pravRtta hoya che. vecanAra vadhumAM mUDIvAdI ke udAramatavAdI gaNAtA A vicAronI sAme kArya vadhu bhAve vecavA prayAsa kare paNa grAhaka ochAmAM ochA bhAva mArkasanA sAmyavAdI vicAro che. mUDIvAdI ane bajAra AdhArita ApavA cAhe che. A gajagrAha eTale ja bajAra. bajAra cIja- A lAMbI vicArazRMkhalAmAM mArkas eka judI ja avadhAraNA umere vastunuM hoya, mUDI, zrama ke jamInanuM paNa hoya ane have paryAvaraNIya che. te kahe che mUDIno svabhAva ja zoSaNa karavAno che. dUdha nAmanA sAdhanonuM paNa hoya. eka lisUphe to kaheluM, tamAma khAnagI milakata corI che. mUDIpatio cIja-vastu -sevAnA bajAronI jema Arthika sAdhanonuM paNa ochuM vetana ApIne kAmadAronuM tathA vadhu bhAva laIne grAhakonuM bajAra hoya che. mUDI bajAramAM mUDInI mAMga karanArA, eTale ke zoSaNa kare che. A zoSaNa cAlatuM ja rahe che. samAja be bhAgamAM vepAra-dhaMdhA, kArakhAnAM vageremAM rokANa karanArA mAMganA dvArathI vaheMcAtA jAya che, hela ane hevanoTsa - sahita ane rahita oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha)31) |

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evA be bhAga paDe che. A be ghaTako be dhruva jevAM banI rahe che. paNa sAMpaDe che. A uparAMta 'navajIvana' ke 'yaMga inDiyA' jevA Akhare bahusaMkhya zoSito baLavo kare che ane alpasaMkhyaka patromAM paNa temanuM ciMtana chapAyeluM jovA maLe che. mAletujArone mArI nAkhe che. A krAMti pachI sarvadhArAnuM rAjya A samagra sAhityanA mukhya pAsAMno nIcoDa gAMdhIjInA sthapAze. AvA rAjyamAM sau pAsethI AvaData-zakti pramANe kAma agiyAra vratomAMthI sAMpaDe che. A agiyAra 'mahAvrato' nI levAze ane saune AvazyakatA jeTaluM apAze. sAmAjika utkrAMtinI tArkika gUMthaNI tathA ekaMdara gAMdhIjInA Arthika vicArone paNa A avasthA, prAraMbhika sAmaMtazAhI ane mUDIvAdanA tabakkAomAMthI spaSTa kare che. A agiyAra mahAvrato A pramANe che :AgaLa vadhelI che. AvI ati utkrAMta thayelI samAja vyavasthAmAM 'satya, ahiMsA, corI na karavI, vaNajotuM nava saMgharavuM, rAjya kharI paDaze. jela, polIsa, nyAyataMtra, vagere jevAM rAjyanA brahmacarya ne jAte mahenata, koI aDe nava abhaDAvuM aMgonI jarUra ja na rahe tevA lokothI samAja banelo haze. abhaya, svadezI, svAda tyAga ne, sarve dharma sarakhAM gaNavA mUDIvAda ane sAmyavAda sAmasAmenA cheDAnA moDalo che. e agiyAra mahAvrata jANI nama paNe deDha AcaravA' mUDIvAda Arthika vRttinuM yaMtra rajU kare che to sAmyavAda samagra gAMdhIjInA A agiyAra mahAvratane arthazAstra sAthe dekhItI samAjanA vikAsanI kathA kahe che. gAMdhIvicAra A baMnethI aneka rIte koI ja nisbata hoya tema jaNAtuM nathI. arthazAstranI sarvasvIkRta rIte judo paDe che. alabatta, AjanA yugamAM mUDIvAdanI jeTalI ane zAstrIya vibhAvanAmAM svArtha, mAMga, puravaTho, kiMmata, napho svIkRti che teTalI sAmyavAda ke gAMdhIvAdanI nathI. kharekhara to vagere aMgenI jaTila gUMthaNI che. te darekano potapotAno tarka che gAMdhI zabdanI pAchaLa 'vAda' zabda mUkavAne badale 'vicAra' zabda ane te badhAno eka samUhagata tarka paNa nIpaje che. dA.ta. dareka mUkAya to paristhiti vadhu spaSTa bane che. A gAMdhIvicAra samagra vyakti svArtha prerita che. AthI mAMga ane puravaThAnA paribaLo jIvananA vyApaka darzanano prayAsa che ane tethI tene mAtra Arthika dvArA je bajAra kiMmata nakkI thAya te eka samatulA kiMmata hoya che. bAMdhaNImAM pUrI zakAto nathI. vividha sAhityamAM vyakta thayelo ane A rIte samagrapaNe mukta bajArane lIdhe sAdhana phALavaNI gAMdhIvicAra A pramANe che: iSTatama hoya che. joke kharekhara AvuM bhAgye ja bane che, paraMtu (1) satya, ahiMsA ane sAmAjika nyAya tenA pAyAnAM arthazAstrIno tarka akATya rahe che. tattvo che. AthI sAme gAMdhI vicAranA mukhya sUtra jevA A agiyAra (2) gAMdhIjI pote nAstika nahotA, te Izvara, karmavAda ane mahAvratane arthazAstra ane arthakAraNa sAthe kaI rIte joDAze? varNavyavasthAmAM mAnatA. dekhItuM che ke A mahAvrata pALanAra mANasanI Arthika vartaNUkanAM (3) gAMdhIvicAra sarvadezIya, ane sarvakAlIna tathA samagra cAlaka tattva ja sAva alaga ane kadAca AgavAM haze. 'svArtha' ne mAnavajAtanA astitva tathA kalyANa mATenA vicAro rajU badale ahIM "corI na karavI', svAda tyAga, 'saMgrahano abhAva" kare che. 'jAta mahenata' ane 'svadezI' jevA tattvo cAlakabaLa pUruM pADaze. (4) gAMdhIvicAranA kendramAM vizvabharanA paryAvaraNIya sau prathama 'svadezI'nuM udAharaNa laIe. AjanI duniyA vaizvikIkaraNa saMsAdhanonI ciMtA sevAI che. tethI temAM sAdagInuM mahattva che. dharAve che, duniyAnA Arthika ane anya vikAsa mATe paNa vaizvika (5) gAMdhIvicAramAM eka sArA, saMvedanazIla, zAMta, samaju hariphAI, vaizvika mUDIrokANa, vaizvika bajAra jevAM tattvo vicArAya ane zANapaNabharyA samAjanuM vihaMgadarzana che. temAM hariphAI, che. tulanAtmaka kharcanA siddhAMta jevA arthazAstrIya tarkanA AdhAre bajAravAda, amaryAda IcchAo saMgrahavRtti vagereno niSedha che. vaizvikIkaraNanA lAbha samajAvAya che. vyaktigata icchApUrtinA sthAne samAja ane vadhu vyApaka rIte paNa gAMdhIvicAra to svadezIno Agraha rAkhe che. eTale ke vaizvika samAjanI ke tethIya AgaLa vadhIne jIvamAtranA astitva arthazAstra, je potAnA akATya tarkanA AdhAre mahattama utpAdana ane vikAsanI ciMtA gAMdhIvicAramAM che. ane jhaDapI Arthika vRddhino abhigama dAkhave che tene gAMdhIvicAra gAMdhIjInA Arthika vicAromAM vAstavane badale taraMgo ane bahu khapano, jarUrI ke icchavAyogya paNa gaNato nathI. sAdhana kalpanAno vadhu AdhAra che tevI eka TIkA che. Ama to 1909mAM phALavaNI ke utpAdananuM kada mahattama na hoya to cAlaze paNa mANase lakhAelA 'hiMda svarAja' ane pachIthI narahari parIkhanA 'mAnava satya, ahiMsA, abhaya vagere jevA guNa sevavA joIe. arthazAstra' mAM gAMdhIjInA Arthika vicArono paricaya maLI rahe A tarka, bahu spaSTapaNe, vikalpone oLakhI Ape che ane che. A uparAMta, gAMdhIjI ane naheru vaccenI, bhArata AjhAda sAthosAtha pasaMdagInAM kAraNo paNa Ape che. A tarka ane pasaMdagIno thayA pachIthI carcAno ullekha pyArelAlanA 'dha lAsTa phejha' mAMthI AkAra kAMIka A rItano bane che. jo tame mAtra svArthaprerita (32) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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jIvana jIvazo to ghaNA badhA Arthika lAbha thaze paraMtu jo jAvananI urdhvagAmItA upara lakSa ApavuM hoya to gAMdhIvicAra tarapha prayANa karavuM paDaze. sastAmAM sastA, moTAmAM moTA ke sArAmAM sArA phrIja banAvavAmAM Adhunikattama pazcimI TekanolojI vaparAtI hoI zake paNa gAMdhIvicAramAM phrIjane badale gAmanA kuMbhAre banAveluM mATaluM ja pasaMda karavAnuM thAya. cinAI mATInA sirAmika udyoganuM sthAna gAmegAmanA vikendrita rIte patharAyelA kuMbhAra le. cAnA kapa ane kullaDI vacce arthakAraNanI dRSTie pAyAgata taphAvata UbhA thaze. gAMdhIvicAra ane Adhunika gaNAtA arthazAstra vaccenuM aMtara A taphAvato dvArA samajIe : (1) kulaDIno udyoga' gAmegAma ane vikendrita haze. (2) A kauTuMbika vyavasAyamAM mAlika ane majUranA bheda nahIM hoya. zoSaNa nahIM hoya ane majUra maMDaLonI paNa bhUmikA nahIM hoya. zoSaNa na hovAthI mArkasanA jaNAvelI hiMsaka krAMtinI paNa jarUra nahIM paDe. na (3) udyoga AjIvikA mATe haze ane nAnA pAyA upara haze tethI moTa zerabajAra ke beMkanI lononI paNa jarUra nahIM paDe. (4) zikSaNanuM svarupa paNa sAva juduM haze. TekanolojI, enji., ema.bI.e., vagerenI paNa jarUra nahIM rahe. AthI moTA zikSaNa saMsthAna, UMcI phI ane aMte bekArIno savAla raheze nahIM. vaLI zikSaNamAM videzI bhASAnA prabhAvano muddo paNa Ubho nahIM thAya. (5) sirAmika udyogamAMthI paidA thatA paryAvaraNa sAmenA paDakAro ane khataro paNa A kulaDI udyogamAM haze nahIM. (6) kuMbhAra ane jo A vicAra badhe lAgu paDAya to tenA jevA anya aneka vyAvasAyiko khapa purata ja kamAI letA haze. moTarakAra, sonA-cAMdInAM aneka ghareNAM, TI.vI., phrIja, moTAM makAno, vizALa rastA, vagerenI paNa jarUra ja nahIM rahe. luhAra, sonI, mocI, vALaMda, vaNakara vagere dareka gAmamAM haze. temanA vyavasAyo vikendrita ane nAnA pAyA uparanA haze. temAM hariphAI, kAryakSamatA, bajAra ke mUDIrokANa, napho vagere jevA arthazAstrIya vicAronuM sthAna ja nahIM rahe. kulaDI ane kapa-rakAbI banAvanArA sirAmika udyoganI A tulanA to mAtra udAharaNarUpe che. jo samagra arthataMtra mAMgane badale AvazyaktAne AdhIna bane to samagra citra badalAI jAya. A rIte duniyAbharamAM sukhI, saMtoSI, svAzrayI, zoSaNavihIna ane ahiMsaka samAjanI racanA thaI jAya. gAMdhIvicAra A arthamAM eka tArkika vicAra che. A vikendrita grAmasvarAjamAM hAlanA jagatamAM pravartatI ghaNI bAbato nahIM hoya. jhaDapI saMdezA vyavahAra ane tenA goTALA nahIM hoya. ATalA badhA moTA pramANamAM gunAkhorI nahIM hoya ane tethI jela athavA polIsa ane nyAyataMtranI jarUra paNa ghaTaze. gAMdhIvicAra mANasakendrI che ane ziSTa arthazAstra bajArakendrI che. mANasa ane bajAra vacce jeTaluM che teTaluM ja aMtara gAMdhIvicAra ane Adhunika arthakAraNa vacce che. mANasa mATe iSTa ke aniSTanA je vicAro che te bajAranA AvA vicArothI sAva alaga ane ghaNIvAra viparita paNa che. gAMdhIvicAramAM yaMtro aMgenA khyAlo khAsA carcAspada banelA che. gAMdhIvicAramAM yaMtravAda ane yaMtronI ghelachA sAme virodha che. jarUrI hoya tyAM yaMtra vAparavA sAme virodha nathI. majUroe 'kALajAM toDa' zrama karavo paDe te karatAM yaMtro sArA ema gAMdhIjI svIkAre che. yaMtro vize gAMdhIjInuM dRSTibiMdu A prakAre che H teo lakhe che, 'huM saMcAkAmano virodhI chuM ema kahenAranI TIkA bejavAbadAra TIkA che. polAdano udyoga evo che ke temAM hAthanI mahenata upayogI nIvaDe nahIM. vADhakApanAM uttama sAdhano banAvavA mATe huM nAjukamAM nAjuka saMcAkAma vasAvyuM. paNa khorAka ane kApaDanI bAbatamAM huM udyogIkaraNano (yaMtrIkaraNano) sakhata virodhI chuM. mAro jhaghaDo yaMtronI ghelachA sAme che, yaMtronI sAme nathI. parizramano bacAva karanArAM kahevAtAM yaMtronI sAme mAro jhaghaDo che. parizrama eTale darajjo bacAvavA jAya che ke Akhare hajAro ane lAkhone bicArAone bhUkhe TaLavaLavuM paDe che... yaMtra jyAM sudhI mANasanA upara humalo nathI karatuM, tyAM sudhI sahya che. te mANasane apaMga nathI karI mUkatuM tyAM sudhI sahya che. eTale yaMtronI maryAdA baMdhAya ema huM icchuM chuM. mANasane apaMga karI mUke te saMco nakAmo.' (bhUmiputra 1.1.1998, mahAdevabhAInI DAyarImAMthI sAravIne bIjI tarapha gAMdhIvicAra udyogo ane pAraspAritanA vicArathI ajANa hoya tema lAge che. eka tarapha, temanA agiyAra mahAvratomAM 'svadezI'paNa eka vrata che te yAda rAkhIe. matalaba ke gAMdhIvicAramAM videzathI ke anya vistAramAMthI paNa khAsa AdAnapradAna thAya te AvakArya nathI, AmasvarAja ane svAyatta gAmaDAM tathA svadezInA khyAlane yAMtrIkaraNanA inapuTa-AuTapuTanA pravAho sAthe sAMkaLIe to jaNAze ke A dizAmAM gAMdhIvicAre keTalAka uttaro ApavAnA bAkI rahe che. A mujaba saiddhAMtika ane tAtvika carcA karavAmAM Ave to gAMdhIvicArane TakAvavo muzkela bane che. vAsilI lionTipha (1906-1999) nAmanA arthazAstrIne varSa 1973nuM arthazAstranuM nobala InAma maLyuM hatuM. temaNe AMtaradyoga pRthakkaraNa ane inapuTa-AuTapuTa pRthakkaraNa viksAvyuM hatuM. A pRthakkaraNa paddhatino sAra e che ke udyogo inapuTa ane klAko sudhI smArTaphona upara AMgaLI nacAvanArA nahIM hoya. AuTapuTa nikSepa ane pedAzanI zRMkhalA thakI paraspara joDAyelA oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 33

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nathI. che. dA.ta.simenTa udyoganI pedAza simenTa che paraMtu temAM vIjaLI, pUrva yuropa, kyubA vagere dezomAM kema pragaTyo tenI saiddhAMtika lokhaMDa, vAhanavyavahAra, yaMtra vagere aneka udyogonI pedAzono mImAMsA cAlyA kare che. vaLI, A dezo khAsa karIne babberiyA nikSepa tarIke (inapuTa tarIke) upayoga thAya che. vaLI simenTa puSkaLa mAtrAmAM bhraSTAcAra kema thayo ane sTelina tathA mAonA udyoganA pratyeka inapuTa udyogamAM paNa anya aneka udyogamAM zAsana hiTalara ke musolinI karatAMya vadhu krUra ane nirmama kema paNa anya aneka udyogonA inapuTa jarUrI bane che. yaMtra udyoga banyA te paNa vicAravuM rahyuM! mATe simenTa, vIjaLI, relave, vAhanavyavahAra, anya yaMtro, vagerenI A saghaLuM darzAve che ke garIbI nivAravAmAM ke mAnavajIvanane jarUra paDe che. Ama, aneka udyogo paraspara inapuTa-AuTapuTanI vadhu unnata ke UjaLuM banAvavAmAM mUDIvAda ke sAmyavAdano hisso zRMkhalArUpe joDAyelA hoya che. arthazAstranuM A taMtragata ane kharekhara keTalo? cIna, raziyA, u. koriyA ane sAme amerikA, mALakhAgata svarUpa che. temAM sAdagI, svAzraya, corI na karavI, mAnavamAtranAM jIvanane vadhu saraLa ane sabhara banAvI zake tevI svAda na karavo jevA vidheyAtmaka ane naitika ke guNAtmaka pAsAM vicAra-vyavasthA UbhI karI zakyA che? alabatta, uttara yuropanA dezo- jevA ke svIDana, nedharalenDajha, norve vageremAM mAnavavikAsano - have jo gAMdhIjI bhAre yaMtronI jarUra samajatA hoya ane AMka UMco che. nedharalenDajhamAM to gunhAkhorI ghaTavA mAMDI che, svAzraya tathA svadezImAM paNa mAnatA hoya to eka moTo visaMvAda jene pariNAme tyAMnI jelo khAlI rahe che. te A khAlI jela janme che. kALajAMtoDa zrama ja karavo hoya to roDa rolara, bulaDojhara, koTaDIone anya dezone bhADe Ape che! A dezo mUDIvAdI nathI, kena vagerenI jarUra paDe. A yaMtro pedA karavA vAste paNa anya samAjavAdI che, zAsanakartAo kAMI gAMdhIvAdI nathI paNa naitika aneka yaMtronI jarUra paDe to pachI 'yaMtravAda' ke 'yaMtranI ghelachA' no daSTie mAnavavAdI jarUra che. muddo kyAMthI Avaze? yaMtrano muddo gAMdhIvicAranI 'eksisa hIla' tostoya, raskina ane thoro jevA pazcimamAM rahetA vicArakoe athavA naLarAjAnI azuddha pAnI jevo sAbita thaze. naLarAjAe gAMdhIjIne prabhAvita karyA che. paNa pUrvanA upaniSada ane gItA paganI pAnI barAbara dhoI nahIM, te apavitra rahI gaI ane tathA zrImada rAjacaMdra jevAnA hiMdu-jaina dharmanA vicArakoe paNa tyAMthI kaLiyuga pravezyo tathA AkhuM 'naLAkhyAna' sarjAyuM! eksisane temanuM ghaDatara karyuM che. kelanabeka ane dInabaMdhu enDajha jevI vyaktio paNa vajadehano banAvavA vAste tenI mAtAe nadImAM jhaboDyo. ane aneka pustakonA abhyAsa uparathI temane mAnavatAno khristI paNa tenA paganA taLiyA korA rahI gayA. Akhare tyAM ja tIra dRSTikoNa sAMpaDyo che. temanI prArthanAmAM islAma, khristI, hiMdu, vAgavAthI te mRtyu pAmyo. jaina, bauddha vagere jevA tamAma dharmonA tattvone sAMkaLavAmAM AvyAM alabatta, Ama chatAM gAMdhIvicAra saghaLuM gumAvato nathI. che. AthI temanA Arthika vicAromAM A tattvonI asara paNa jyAM yaMtro ane moTAM kArakhAnAnI jarUra hoya ja tyAM teno vahIvaTa jovA maLe che. kAryakAraNa saMbaMdhajanita koIka zAstranA AdhAre to gAMdhIvicAra pramANe thaI zake ne? A mATe te TrasTIzipa- arthazAstra racavAne badale mAnavakendrI ane naitikatAnA saMdarbhamAM vAlIpaNAno khyAla ApaNI sAme dhare che. vyakti mAlikInA te arthakAraNanA abhigamone puraskRta kare che. bhAvane badale samAjanI sevAnA uddezathI potAnI AvaData ane gAMdhIjI lAMbI vicAraNA kare che paraMtu vicAronA amalamAM sAmarthya vApare to pelI mArkasakathita dhaMdhAtmaka bhautikavAdanI zRMkhalAno tvarA dAkhave che. hiMda svarAjanuM lekhana pote ja tenuM eka AgavuM prAraMbha ja nahIM thAya. mArkase mUDIvAdanA zoSaNanA jAtisvabhAvanA udAharaNa che. laMDanathI dakSiNa AphrikAnI musApharI daramiyAna A AdhAre vargabheda ane vargavigraha pragaTatA hoya che. paraMtu jyAM AkhA pustakanuM - koIka bauddhika nATakanA saMvAdonA Dhabe te nirUpaNa mAliko TrasTI banIne hoya tyAM zoSaNano prAraMbha ja thato nathI. karI de che. AvI ja tvarA temaNe vakIlAtanI dhIkhatI prekTisa Avo ja savAla bIjA eka cheDethI paNa thAya che. mArkasanA choDI devAmAM, akiMcana ane ardhanagna strIne joIne potAno mUDIvAdanA pRthakkaraNa anusAra to audyogika dezomAM mArkasavAda poSAka badalavAmAM ane kasturabA sAthenI carcA pachI kaThoLa choDI zarU thavo joIto hato. A zarUAta IMglenDathI thaze ema dhAreluM devAmAM paNa dAkhavI che.) paNa kharuM. amerikA paNa audyogika deza thatAM tyAM paNa mArkasavAda AphreDa mArzala (1842-1924) kahe che tema, mAnava jIvana nA janmyo. A bAbate pro. golabrethe jaNAveluM te mujaba, amerikAmAM upara sauthI moTo prabhAva dharmano paDe che paNa bIjA sthAne artha zramika maMDaLoe kAunTara veIliMga - pratirodha zakti pragaTAvIne che. gAMdhIvicAra sivAyanA arthazAstramAM dharma ane naitika mUlyo) potAnuM zoSaNa thavA ja na dIdhuM. tethI mArkasavAda AgaLa cAlyo tathA arthane bhegA karIne vicArAyuM nathI. lAyonala robinsa (1898ja nahIM! alabatta, mAsavAda khetIpradhAna evA cIna, raziyA, 1984) A baMne zAstro ane temanA paMtha alaga alaga che ema 34) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigrasTa prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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te jaNAve che. koIke vaLI evuM paNa kahyuM ke, "arthazAstra nItizAstranI dAsI nathI!' A vicArane AgaLa calAvIe to kahI zakAya ke jema padArtha vijJAnanA niyamone nItizAstra sAthe nisabata nathI te ja rIte arthazAstra - je eka vijJAna hovAthI - nItizAstra sAthe saMbaMdhita hoI na zake. jo nAnuM bALaka dasamA mALethI paDI jAya to guruvAkarSaNanA padArtha vijJAnanA niyamamAM pheraphAra karIne jIva bacAvI zakAze ? tevI ja rIte bajAranA bhAva nirdhAraNamAM, zrama bajAramAM ke anya Arthika vyavahAromAM nItine sthAne na hoI zake tevuM zuddha mUDIvAdIo mAne che. garIbone sabisaDI ApavI, annakSetra calAvavAM ke dAna karavuM te paNa zuddha mUDIvAdI vicAro sAthe baMdhabesatA thatAM nathI. gAMdhIjIno arthavicAra mUDIvAda ane sAmyavAda ema baMnethI jojano dUra ane AgavA ja saMdarbho dharAvanAra che. gAMdhIvicAramAM mANasa ane mANasAI ja nathI paNa chevADAnA mANasanA udayanI - aMtyanA udaya - aMtyodayanI hetulakSI nisbata che. vinobAnI bhUdAna pravRtti A ja gAMdhIvicArano paripAka che. A pravRttine vinobAe eka yajJarUpe calAvI. gAMdhI-vinobAnA A eka ja vicArane mUDIvAda tathA mArksavAdanA saMdarbhamAM tapAsavAthI A aMtyodayakendrI abhigamanuM mUlya samajAze, bhAratanI AjhAdInI lagabhaga samAMtare phormosAne paNa AjhAdI maLI hatI. 1949-50 nA dAyakAmAM vizvamAM yuddhottara evA sAmyavAdI krAMtinA divaso hatA. te samaye phormosAmAM vulpha lAdinskIe jamInanI mAlikIne garIbalakSI banAvI ane pariNAme tyAM hiMsaka krAMti rokAI gaI ane TaLI gaI. rojagArI maLe. AjanI DerInI pravRttinI jema khAdInI pravRtti paNa pAMgare to khetInA nabaLAM-sabaLAM varSamAM kheDUtoe ApadhAta karavA na paDe. bIjuM, reMTiyA ane vaNATanI pravRttio svarojagArInI che. A rojagArIthI thanArI Avaka bahu moTI nahIM hoya paraMtu tenAthI sAdA jIvana dhoraNa mATe jarUrI evI cIjavastuonI mAMga thatI raheze. tevA arthakAraNamAM moTara-gADIo, AMnAkhe tevI aMgrejI nizALo, yunivarsiTIo vagere nahIM hoya paNa jIvanano asaMtoSa ane spardhA paNa nahIM hoya. sthAnika pedAzo vaDe sthAnika mAMga saMtoSAtI raheze ane te rIte gAmegAma grAmasvarAja nIpajaze. AyAta-nikAsa, moTAM bajAro, khoTI pracArAtmaka ane chetarAmaNI jAherAto vagere nahIM hoya. paNa saune roTI, kapaDAM, ora makAna maLI raheze. IrSyA ane hariphAIne badale sahakAra, prema ane bhAIcArAnuM mahattva haze. Adhunika ane pazcimanA arthavicAramAM sahakAra, prema, ahiMsA, bhAIcAro, vagere udAtta paNa mAnavajIvananI sukhAkArI mATe upakArI evA bhAvonI gaNatarI ja thatI nathI. teno artha e to nathI ja ke AvA bhAvI ane lAgaNIonuM mAnavajIvanamAM koI sthAna ja nathI! paryAvaraNanuM apAra ane asAdhya nukasAna, barbaratAnI hade pahoMce tevA riphAI ane kAryakSamatAnA khyAlo, asahya banatI jatI Arthika asamAnatA, vyApaka bekArI ane yuvA, kheDUta ane garIba varganI dizAzUnyatA, moTA lokonA Arthika hitone poSatI rAjyavyavasthA, vagere gAMdhIvicArathI vimukha banavAnAM pariNAmo che. muzkelI e che ke mUDIvAda ane sAmyavAdanA Arthika vicArono tarka duryodhananA baLApAne eka bauddhika AdhAra pUro pADavAno prayAsa kare che. atyArano mANasa paNa duryodhananI jema kahI zake ke adharma zuM che te huM samajuM chuM paNa tene tyajI zakato nathI. AvA Adhunika duryodhanone mUDIvAda kahe che, bhAI A badhuM hariphAI ane kAryakSamatA mATe anivArya che. tenA vagara samAjanI pragati ja zakya nathI. bIjI bAju hiMsAkhorIne mUlya samajanAra sAmyavAda ja paNa duryodhanone vaicArika Teko pUro pADe che. hiMsA ke krUratA vaDe duniyAmAM kyAMya amana-caina pragaTyAM nathI, paNa sAmyavAda, zoSaNanA virodha tarIke hiMsAno bacAva kare che. sTAlina mAonI hiMsA to gAMdhIjae joI na hatI paNa hiTalara, musolonI ane amerikAnI hirozimA-nAgAsAkInI hiMsA temaNe joI hatI. bhAratamAM lagabhaga te ja arasAmAM, saurASTra rAjyanA mukhyamaMtrIzrI ucchaMgarAya Dhebare jamInanI punaHvaheMcaNI karI. paNa te sudhArA pUranI, te jhaDapathI dezavyApI banI na zakI. paNa vinobAnA bhUdAnayajJane lIdhe samasta deza hiMsAmAM homAto bo AjhAdInI laDatamAM bhAga na lenArA sAmyavAdIonA hAthamAM dezanuM sukAna soMpAyuM hota to sTelina ane mAoe AcarelI hiMsA bhArata mATe paNa nirmAI zveta! ahiMsA, vaNajotuM nava saMgharavuM, corI na karavI, vagere javAM nItizAstragata mUlyono arthanItimAM praveza thavAthI kevI Apatti ane saMkaTa TaLyAM te tarapha lakSa ApIe to gAMdhInA arthazAstranuM pota samajAya. gAMdhI mAtra AjhAdI nahIM paNa svarAja' jhaMkhatA hatA. A svarAjanA vicArane paNa keTalAka bauddhiko yuTopiyA - kalpanAnuM svarga mAne che. paNa pazcimanA mUDIvAdI tema ja sAmyavAdI ane maMtragana mALakhAne joDIne gAMdhIvicAranA pAyAnA evA khAdInA khyAlane samajavA jevo che. je loko khAdInI mAMga kare to gAmegAma kheDUtone pUraka oNkTobara- 2018 pabu jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSa ka gAMdhIjIe hiMda svarAja'bhale nava ja divasamAM lakhyuM paNa jagatane tene vize vicAravAnI koI utAvaLa nathI. --- 34pa, sarasvatI nagara, AjhAda sosAyaTI pAse, amadAvAda - 380015 phona naM. 7567227437 satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 35

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gAMdhIjInuM zikSaNa ciMtana DaoN. jayendra dave ema. eDa. pIeca.DI. saMskRta sAhityAcArya, hindI sAhityaratna, zikSaNazAstranA tyutAna vidvAna, pUrva prophesara ane adhyakSa, zikSaNazAstra vibhAga, saradAra paTela yunivarsiTI, vallabha vidhAnagara, ekatALIsa varSano adhyApanano anubhava. zikSaNa ane keLavaNI vizenA dasa pustakonA lekhaka. saMskRta bhASAmAMthI ATha mahattvanA graMthonA anuvAdaka ane caMdrako, sanmAno ane eNvorDajhathI vibhUSita, 6.5. zikSaNanA siddhAMto : zikSaNa vizenuM cittana mahAtmAjIe A dezane ApelI eka mahAna bheTa che; eka vicAraprakriyA che. te vakhatanI aMgrejI zikSaNa tarAhanA pratikAra rUpe temaNe eka nUtana zikSaNa pravAhanuM sUcana ApyuM tatkAlina zikSaNaprathAnI keTalIka lAkSaNikatAo samajavA jevI che : ahIM zAsana karavA mATe aMgreja zAsakone dekhItI rIte ja keTalAka kuzaLa adhikArIo, vahIvaTakAronI jarUra hatI. zarUAtamAM to AvA adhikArIo potAnA dezamAMthI ja lAvatA, paNa te eka to khUba moMghA paDatA ane bIjuM sarakAranI vadhatI jatI ekacakrI sattAnA vyApane pahoMcI vaLavA kAryadakSa kAryakaronI sakhata achata vartAtI. A samasyA ukelavA e catura sarakAre ahIM keLavaNInuM kAma hAthamAM laI, samAjanA bhadrajana sudhI ja zikSaNa sImita rahe tenI khAsa takedArI rAkhI. Ama, svAmI vivekAnaMda ane mahAtmAjI banne kahetA hatA tema A kArakuno taiyAra karanAruM zikSaNa hatuM, '' je kArakuna thaI zake tevA varga sudhI ja sImita hatuM. zikSaNano hetu, pUrve kahyuM che tema H ''bhAratIya vyakti rUparaMgamAM ja bhAratIya rahe; jyAre raheNIkaraNI, paheravaza, tathA bhASAnA upayogamAM aMgreja banI jAya'' e hato; A hetu keTalo saMkucita gaNAya * e zikSaNa mAtra aMgrejI bhASAnA ja mAdhyamathI apAtuM tathA bALakanA kumaLA manamAM nakkara hakIkato ThAMsIne bharavA sivAya bIjI koI bAbatano khyAla rakhAto nahi. bALakanI bIjI zaktiono vikAsa rUMdhAto pariNAme zikSaNa letAM vidyArthIoe ane temanA vAlIo nokarI karIne peTiyuM raLavAnI ramaNAMmAM ja rahetAM. * zALAmAM apAtA zikSaNamAM paNa gorA zikSako jyAM jyAM taka maLatI tyAM tyAM hindu dharma ane bhAratIya saMskRtinI TIkA ja karatA. tyAM sudhI kazAM ja pagalAM sarakArI rAhe levAyAM na hatAM. AvA zikSaNanuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke bhAratIya samAjamAM jyAM jJAtivAda, UMca-nIca, garIba-tavaMgara tathA chUtAchUtanA bhedabhAva hato ja; temAM vaLI A zikSaNane kAraNe bhaNelA ane abhaNano eka navo bheda Ubho thayo. A samAjamAM navuM bhaNelA nAgariko potAnA deza, samAja, saMskRti ane bApikA dhaMdhAone dhRNA ane tiraskAranI najare jovA lAgyA. Ama, zikSaNaprathAne kAraNe samAjamAM eka khAI UbhI thaI. tattvataH zikSaNanuM kAma zikSaNa ane samAja tathA vyakti ane samAjanI vacce aikya sthApavAnuM che. A paristhitinA saMdarbhamAM gAMdhIjIe zikSaNanA svarUpamAM AmUla parivartana karavAnI dizAmAM je cittana karyuM te samagra cintananA pAyAnA siddhAMto samajavAnuM have saraLa banI raheze. 3 6 (1) akSarajJAna e keLavaNI nathI ! bhAratIya zikSaNanA ItihAsamAM akSarajJAnanA zikSaNa-naryAM bauddhika viSayonA mAhitIprada zikSaNanI sAme jehAda jagADanAra cintakomAM gAMdhIjInuM sthAna mokhare che. akSarajJAna keLavaNI nathI ema kahevA pAchaLanuM tAtparya e che ke, mAtra lekhana, gaNana ane vAcana Three 'R's nA zikSaNathI mANasa mANasa banato nathI. varga-khaMDamAM cAra dIvAlo vacce apAtuM zikSaNa kevaLa mAnasika bojo che; jeno Azaya vidyArthInA manamAM mAhitI bharavAno che. AvuM zikSaNa gokhApaTTIne uttejanuM hovAthI mAsika vikAsa karavAmAM paNa sadaMtara niSphaLa jAya che; kAraNa ke gokhelI mAhitI jevI bhulAya ke tarata ja mANasa azikSitanI kakSAmAM UtarI paDe. A uparAMta zikSaNanuM kAma mANasane svAvalaMbI ke svAzrayI banAvavAnuM che, mANasa svataMtra bane e zikSaNano Azaya che. jyAre viSayonuM zikSaNa mAtra saiddhAMtika rIte ja apAtuM hovAthI tathA tenA upayoganI bAju para tadna dhyAna apAtuM na hovAthI, gAMdhIjInA kahevA pramANe je viSayo bALakone AkAzanuM darzana karAvIne zIkhavI zakAya te badhAM ja pustako vAMcIne zIkhavavAmAM Ave che. mAtra sAkSarI viSayonuM zikSaNa pAmelAM bALako bhaNelAM jarUra hoya che; paNa temane keLavAyelAM mAnavA, gAMdhIjI taiyAra nathI, aMgrejI kavitAo ane ItihAsanAM pAnAMnAM pAnAM moDhe bolato vidyArthI jo potAnI khurazI tUTI jAya A gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka oNkTobara- 2018 zikSaNane dezanI Arthika unnatinA pAyAmAM mUkavAnI tathA zikSajJane sArvatrika banAvavAnI dizAmAM deza svataMtra thayo satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha paNa jIvana

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to mUMjhAIne besI rahe. be hAtha, be paga ane bAkInI badhI ja rIte buddhijIvIonI parAdhInatAmAM rahIne veThiyA tarIke jIvana Indriyo hovA chatAM suthAra Ave tenI rAha jotAM besI rahevuM paDe, gujAre che. Ama, banne prakAranI vyaktio "manuSya" tarIke mAnavIya te zikSaNa kevuM? evuM zikSaNa mANasane vadhAre parataMtra banAve che. jIvana jIvatI nathI. ubhaya pakSe manuSyanuM manuSyatva haNAya che. A AnI sAthosAtha bIjI paNa eka bAbata noMdhavA jevI che-naryuM samAjika dvandranI vacce samatulA jALavavAnAM sAdhana tarIke mahAtmAjI pustakiyuM zikSaNa vidyAthInA anya vikAsamAM sahAyaka na thatuM hoya ane jagatanA bIjA ghaNA cintako zikSaNa para madAra bAMdhe che. to te kevaLa tenA manamAM dekhAdekhIne kAraNe UbhI thatI AkAMkSAo zikSaNa ja eka evuM mAdhyama che; jenA dvArA buddhiniSThA ane ja janmAve. pariNAme vidyArthI potAnA zikSaNane kAraNe vadhAre ne zramaniSThAnI vacce samatulA janmAvI zakAya e A siddhAMta pAchaLanuM vadhAre asaMtoSI banato jAya. A saMdarbhamAM pelA bhalAbhoLA, daSTibiMdu che. vartananI rItabhAta samajanAra ane chatAMya nirakSara kheDUtano dAkhalo vidyArthIne evuM zikSaNa prApta thavuM joIe je tenI rojIroTInI TAMkI mahAtmAjI kahe che: "....A mANasane tame akSarajJAna samasyAmAM tene Atmanirbhara banAve. utpAdakazramane zikSaNanuM mAdhyama ApI zuM karavA mAgo cho? tenA sukhamAM zo vadhAro karazo? tenA banAvavA pAchaLano Azaya vidyArthIne potAnI rojI kamAvAnI jhuMpaDAno ke tenI-sthitino tamAre asaMtoSa UpajAvavo che? tema tAlIma ApI, te zALAno abhyAsakrama pUro kare tyAM sudhImAM tene karavuM hoya to paNa tamAre tene akSarajJAna ApavAnI jarUra nathI.'' utpAdaka kAmano pUrato anubhava ApI, bekArInI samasyAno Ama, sAkSarI viSayonA zikSaNathI mANasa keLavAto nathI, paNa te ukela pUro pADavAno che. tethI ja gAMdhIjI bhArapUrvaka kahe che : potAnI paristhiti pratye vadhAre tiraskAra ane dhRNA karato thaI ''AvI keLavaNI temane mATe bekArInI sAme eka jAtanA vImA jAya che. jyAre bIjI bAju hRdayanI udAtta bhAvanAono vikAsa jevI thaI paDe.'' A ja vicArane vikasAvatAM teo spaSTIkaraNa na thayo hovAthI A sAkSaro mAtra buddhitarkaniSThAnA AdhAre svArthAnya kare che : 'bALaka 14 varasanI uMmare eTale ke sAta varSanuM zikSaNa thaIne je abhaNa che. garIba che temanA zoSaNa mATe potAnA paruM karyA pachI. zALA choDIne jAya tyAre tenAmAM kaMIka kamAvavAnI zikSaNano upayoga karatA thaI "sAkSara : viparIta rAkSasI: bhavanti" zakti AvelI hovI joIe. atyAre paNa garIba lokonAM bALako e kahevata pramANe samAjanA zatru banI besatA hovAnI hakIkata ApoApa emane madada kare che. emanAM manamAM lAgaNI e hoya sAme gAMdhIjI A siddhAMta dvArA zikSaNanI vibhAvanA badalavAnI che ke jo mAbApanI joDAjoDa kAma nahi karuM to mAbApa khAze zuM dizAmAM AgaLa vadhe che. ane mane khavaDAvaze zuM? e ja eka keLavaNI che. e ja pramANe (2) keLavaNI utpAdaka zrama dvArA, utpAdaka zrama mATe ane rAjya sAta varasanI uMmare bALakane potAne havAle le ne tene kAma utpAdaka zramanI ja hoI zake : sAkSarI viSayo para kendrita thayeluM karatuM karIne mA-bApane pAchuM Ape. Ama, tame keLavaNI ApavAnI zikSaNa kramazaH adhyetAnA manamAM zArIrika zrama pratye sUganI bhAvanA sAthe sAthe bekArInA mULa para ghA karo cho.'' zALAmAM bALakane pedA kare che, tathA tene utpAdana vimukha banAvI vadhAre ne vadhAre utpAdaka zramanuM zikSaNa ApavuM eno artha e nathI ke tene adhama niSkriya banAve che. zikSita samAjamAMnI zrama pratyenI sUgane dUra evo kArIgara banAvI mUkavo. teno artha to bhaviSyanI AjIvikA karavA mATe gAMdhIjI zikSaNanA kramamAM utpAdaka zramane kendrasthAne mATe bIjAo para AdhAra na rAkhe evo svamAnavALo nAgarika mUke che. enI pAchaLa teno sAmAjika sUcitArtha rahelo che. gAMdhIjInI banAvavAno che. Ama, zALAnA vidyArthIne sAcI keLavaNI ApavI, dRSTie samAjamAM be vargo khUba noMdhapAtra che; ane tene kAraNe jIvana mATe tene susajja karI tenI AsapAsanI paristhiti temaja rASTrIya samasyAo hamezAM jvalaMta ja rahe che. eka varga naryA vaMzaparaMparAgata dhaMdhAo sAthe baMdhabesatI Ave AvI keLavaNI buddhijIvIo, AgaLa kahyuM che tevA zikSaNanI pedAzarUpa che; A ApavI e A siddhAMta pAchaLano tAtparyArtha che. varga zikSaNane kAraNe zramathI vimukha bane che; zramajIvI pratye (3) keLavaNIno dharma svAzraya hoI, te sArvatrika hovI jarUrI napharata karato thAya che. ane chatAM pote zrama na karI zakato hovAthI che : utpAdaka zrama sAthe-zramanI AjubAju keLavaNIne goThavavA zramajIvInI parataMtratAno bhoga to tene banavuM ja paDe che. e pAchaLano Azaya ja keLavaNIne sArvatrika banAvavAno che. lokazAhI paristhitimAM e varga potAnI buddhizaktinA asAmAjika upayoga samAjamAM pratyeka nAgarika sAmAjika prakriyAmAM sammilita thAya e dvArA zramajIvI varganA zoSaNanI tarakIbo zodhato thaI jAya che. anivAryatAnA saMdarbhamAM zikSaNa sArvatrika hovuM jarUrI che. A jyAre bIjo varga naryA zramajIvIono che. e varga zikSaNathI dezamAM zikSaNa maphata ane pharajiyAta banAvavA mATenA AMdolananI vaMcita hovAne kAraNe peTiyuM raLavA mATe zrema kare che; paNa te zarUAta Ama to tilaka mahArAjanA samayathI ja thayelI, paraMtu zramane zikSaNano AdhAra na hovAne kAraNe gaddhAvaitaruM karIne, e mahAtmA gokhalejIe e AMdolanane khUba tIvratApUrvaka AgaLa oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (37

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dhapAvyuM. e AMdolanamAM lorDa karjhananI sAthe gokhalejInI laDatano zakto nathI. Ama, mAtRbhASAnuM yogya zikSaNa saghaLI keLavaNIno eka Akho ItihAsa che. TUMkamAM zikSaNa anivArya eTalA mATe ke pAyo che. asarakAraka rIte bolavAnI tathA spaSTa rIte vAMcavAA deza lokazAhImAM mAne che. jyAM sudhI lokazAhI samAjano lakhavAnI zakti vinA koI paNa mANasa cokkasa rIte vicAra na nAgarika zikSita na hoya tyAM sudhI te mAnasika rIte svataMtra thaI karI zake ke, vicArane cokkasa bhASAmAM vyakta na karI zake. zakato nathI. mahAtmA gAMdhI je svAtaMtrane tAkatA hatA te 'sarva mAtRbhASA bALakane tenI prajAnA vicAro, bhAvanAo ane prakAranA dAsatattvamAMthI chUTakAro', eTale ke bhautika ane mAnasika AkAMkSAonA samRddha vArasAno paricaya karAvavAnuM eka sAdhana svAtaMtrya. mANasane svataMtra banAvavAnuM dhyeya hoya to ja lokazAhI che. tethI tene sAmAjika keLavaNI temaja bALakamAM nIti ane TakI zake. eTalA mATe gAMdhIjI sArvatrika zikSaNanI bhalAmaNa sadAcAranA sAcA khyAlo pedA karavAnuM kImatI sAdhana banAvI karatA. zikSaNa mata eTalA mATe ke A deza gAmaDAMono banelo zakAya. vaLI, bALakanI kalAbhiruci tathA sauMdarya pArakhavAnI che; ane garIba che. garIba dezamAM keLavaNIno kharca na to samAja zakti prakaTa thavA mATe mAtRbhASA svAbhAvika sAdhana che. tethI veThI zake, na sarakAra upADI zake na vAlI upADI zake; e gAMdhIjI kahe che ke, mAtAnA dhAvaNanI sAthe je saMskAra maLe che; je paristhitinA saMdarbhamAM mahAtmAjIe mANasane svAzrayI banAvanArI madhura zabdo maLe che tenI ane zALAnI vacce je anusaMdhAna hovuM temaja svayaM svAzrayI hoya evI keLavaNIno vicAra rajU karyo, joIe te parabhASA mAraphate keLavaNI levAmAM tUTe che! eTaluM ja arthAtuM mahAtmAjInI daSTie keLavaNIno kharca keLavaNImAMthI ja nahi, paNa tethI zikSita varga ane prajA varga vacce aMtara UbhuM nIkaLavo joIe. svAzrayI zabdano artha ja vidyArthIonA zarIrazrama thAya che. aMgrejI Dhabe keLavAyelo varga prajAne nathI oLakhI zakato ane temanA utpAdaka kAma dvArA zikSakonA pagArano kharca nIkaLI ane prajA potAnAM keLavAyelA sapUtone nathI oLakhI zakatI. rahe e che. gAMdhIjI to daDhapaNe mAne che ke "pratyeka zALAne prajA AvA zikSitone 'sAheba loko'' tarIke gaNIne tenAthI Dare svAzrayI banAvI zakAya; zarata eTalI ke e zALAomAM taiyAra che; temano avizvAsa kare che. Ama, gAMdhIjI zikSaNanA kramamAM thatI vastuo rAjya kharIdI levI joIe.' Ama, lokazAhI bodhabhASAnA stare mAtRbhASAnI himAyata kare che; teno artha e zAsana vyavasthAnuM baMdhAraNa amIra-garIba-UMca-nIca saune nathI ke, teo aMgrejI bhASA ke paradezI saMskRtinA virodhI che. je bhedabhAvathI para jaIne, bhedabhAva nAmazeSa karavAnA AzayathI aMgrejI zIkhI zake tema che; te jarUra zIkhe; temane zIkhavAnuM zikSaNa prApta karavAno abAdhita adhikAra Ape che. temAM paNa protsAhana maLe te vize gAMdhIjI khUba spaSTa che. pAyAnuM zikSaNa to pratyeka vyaktie anivAryapaNe prApta karavuM ja (5) naitika manuSyanuM nirmANa keLavaNIno paripAka che : A joIe; kAraNa ke nirakSaratA lokazAhInI vibhAvanAne dhakko pUrvanA siddhAMtonA spaSTIkaraNa uparathI joI zakAze ke mahAtmAjI pahoMcADanAra eka tattva che. tethI sArvatrika zikSaNanI jogavAIno zikSaNa dvArA evA manuSyanA nirmANane tAke che, je sAmAjika siddhAMta pAyAnA khyAlanuM nirmANa karanAro banI rahe che. dRSTie sAmAjika prakriyAno bhAgIdAra banavAmAM gaurava anubhavato (4) keLavaNImAM mAtRbhASA ja bodhabhASA hoI zake : keLavaNInA hoya, eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu e rIte bhAgIdAra banavA mATe tenA kramamAM mAtRbhASAnA sthAna vizeno gAMdhIjIno vicAra ghaNo mana, zarIra ane hRdayanI tAkAtano vikAsa thayo hoya, mahAtmAjInuM asarakAraka ane sarvathA svIkArya banyo che, e jamAnAmAM zikSaNanuM rAjyaviSayaka tattvajJAna Adarza samAjanI sthApanA tathA tenA mAdhyama aMgrejI bhASA hatuM. pariNAme zikSaNa vyApanI dRSTie vikAsamAM raheluM che. evo samAja eTale rAjyarahita lokazAhIghaNuM ja sImita rahetuM ane bIjuM je loko zikSaNa prApta karI zakatA jyAM sAmAjika jIvana svayaM potAnuM niyamana kare evI pUrNatAe temanI paNa zakti ane samayano moTo bhAga aMgrejI bhASA pahoMcyuM hoya. evA samAjamAM pratyeka vyakti potAnI zAsaka hoya, samajavAmAM vyatIta thaI jato. pariNAme eka viSaya taiyAra karavAnuM te potAnuM zAsana evI rIte kare ke jethI te potAnA pADozIne bhAraNa ja bALakanA mana para eTaluM badhuM asahya thaI paDatuM ke tenI kyAreya vighnarUpa na thAya. tethI ja gAMdhIjI vyaktinA nirmANane anya zaktionA vikAsano koI avakAza ja na raheto. tethI keLavaNImAM agrasthAna Ape che. vyaktinuM nirmANa eTale tenA gAMdhIjInA mate para bhASA mAraphate zikSaNa levAmAM je bojo magaja hRdayanI hRdayanA uttama aMzonI keLavaNI. temanA mate mananI upara paDe che te asahya che, ane tethI ApaNA grejyueTa ghaNe keLavaNInI sAthe sAthe hRdayanI paNa sAcI keLavaNI thatI na hoya bhAge ni:sattva, nabaLA, nirutsAhI, rogI ane kevaLa nakalI to mananI keLavaNInI kazI kiMmata nathI. tethI 'mananI keLavaNIne bane che. zodhazakti, vicArazakti, sAhasa, vairya, vIratA, nirbhayatA hRdayanI keLavaNIne vaza vartavuM joIe.'' AnuM kAraNa e che ke, vagere guNo kSINa thaI jatAM samAja navI yojanAonI racanA karI gAMdhIjI kImatI AbhUSaNo, bhautika saMpatti, rAjakIya sattA, tathA (38) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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korI tarkaniSThA karatAM premALa hRdayane vadhAre mUlyavAna gaNe che. hRdayanI keLavaNImAM mANasanI bhAvanAo ane AvegonuM saMskaraNa, prema, samabhAva, bhAIcArA jevI UMDAmAM UMDI lAgaNIonI jAgRti temaja citrakAma, saMgIta ane hasta udyoga jevA utpAdaka sarjana dvArA sauMdarya bhAvanAnA vikAsano samAveza thAya che. hRdayanI A keLavaNI eTale gAMdhIjInI dRSTie cAritryanI khilavaNI : "meM hRdayanI keLavaNI eTale cAritrya khilavavAne hamezAM prathama pada ApyuM che....cAritryane meM temanI (phiniksamAM bALakonI keLavaNInA pAyArUpa mAnyuM. pAo pAko thAya to bIjuM bALako avakAza maLye madada laIne ke ApabaLe meLavI le.'' eTale akSarajJAna ane cAritrya ghaDatara bemAMthI jo pasaMdagI karavAnI hoya to gAMdhIjIno cAritrya ghaDatarane prathama sthAna Ape eTaluM ja nahi, paNa akSarajJAnano sarvathA tyAga karatAM paNa na acakAya. bhArata svataMtra thAya tyAre keLavaNInuM ApaNuM lakSya zuM haze? evA eka praznanA uttaramAM emaNe tarata ja kahI dIdhuM : ''cAritrya ghaDatara'' eTale ke dhairya, tAkAta, sadguNo, mahAna uddezo siddha karavAnI dizAmAM kAma karatI vakhate potAnI jAtane bhUlI javAnI zakti viksAvavAno prayatna tethI ja to bhAratamAM akSarajJAnano abhAva khedajanaka hovA chatAMya temane tenI jhAjhI ciMtA na hatI tathA tenA kAraNe bhArata svarAja mATe binalAyaka hovAnuM teo mAnatA nathI. gAMdhIjInA A siddhAMtamAM mANasanA aMgata jIvananI zuddhi saMgIna keLavaNI mATe anivArya zarata che. temanA mate vidyAoie potAnA aMtaramAM DokiyuM karavuM ghaTe, potAnuM aMgata cAritrya tapAsavuM joIe, kAraNa ke cAritrya vinAnI keLavaNI zAnI? tathA aMgata zuddhi vinAnuM cAritrya zAnuM? gAMdhIjIne mana zALAo ane kaoNlejo cAritryanuM ghaDatara karavA mATenAM kArakhAnAM che. potAnA chokarA-chokarIo sArAM puruSo ane strIo bane eTalA mATe mAbApo temane tyAM AgaLa mokale che. Ama, ArAma ane upabhoganI sAme sevA ane ApabhoganI dizAmAM zikSaNanA tattvajJAnanuM dhyAna kendrita karavuM e A siddhAMtano tAtparyArtha che. 6.6. zikSaNa ane AnuSaMgika vibhAvanAo : zikSaNanI 'yojanA' che. varSA zikSaNa yojanA gAMdhIjInA zikSaNanA tattvajJAnano eka bhAga che, jemAM gAMdhIjInA cintanane amalI svarUpa ApavAno prAmANika prayatna thayo che, e vize koI be mata nathI; paNa tethI eno artha e nathI ke, gAMdhIjanuM cintana ja vardhA yojanA che. hakIkatamAM 'tattvajJAna' ane 'yojanA'mAM bheLaseLa karIne ja ApaNe dhIre dhIre gAMdhIne gumAvatA jaIe chIe e vAta bhale kadAca sAMvegika lAgatI hoya topaNa kabUlAtanA satyathI yukta che. gAMdhIjIe ApelA zikSaNa cintanano Azaya 1 thI 7 dhoraNanI nizALo zarU karavAno nathI. evI nizALo kholavA mATe AvaDA moTA tattvajJAnanI jarUra paNa nathI; evI nizALa to sAmAnya tAlIma lIdhelo zikSaka paNa zarU karI zake. gAMdhIjInA zikSaNa cintanano Azaya mAnava mAtranA cetanA pradezamAM krAMtinA bIjanuM vAvetara karavAnuM che. ajJAna, garIbI ane rogamAM pIDAtI mAnavajAtane DhaMDhoLIne temAM samULI krAMtinI mazAla laIne nIkaLanAra A mahAtmAe katinA mAdhyama tarIke ziAtranI pasaMdagI karI. tattvajJAna manuSyane badalAvAno, manuSyanI samasyA ukelavAno, manuSyane samajavAno, prayatna kare che. jyAre zikSaNa yojanAne to amuka uMmara gALAnAM bALako ke vidyArthIonA zikSaNanI sAthe ja levAdevA hoya e svAbhAvika che. e zikSaNa mATe varSA yojanAnA vicArako mahAtmAjInA zikSaNa cintanano zakya tyAM khapa pUrato Teko le che; tenAthI vizeSa kazuM ja nahi. ApaNI spaSTatA sAthe have gAMdhIjInA cintananI keTalIka vibhAvanAo samajavA prayatna thaI zake. (1) zikSaNa : gAMdhIjInA zikSaNa cintanano prathama siddhAMta ja zikSaNanI vibhAvanAnI dizAmAM laI janAro che : "akSara jJAna e keLavaNI nathI.'' gAMdhIjInI dRSTie vAcana, lekhana, gaNananuM aupacArika zikSaNa (formal education) tattvataH zikSaNanuM dhyeya (end) nathI, tema tenI zarUAta paNa nathI. zikSaNa vize vicAratAM gAMdhIjI jevA sAmadharmI cintake nakArAtmaka abhigama dAkhavyo hoya evo A eka ja muddo che, je aupacArika zikSaNanI samagra vibhAvanAnuM nirasana (rejection) karanAro che. jo akSarajJAna keLavaNI na hoya to keLavaNI eTale zuM? evo prazna saheje Ubho thAya. cAra dIvAlanI vacce besIne mAhitI gokhyA karavI e zikSaNa che? ke pachI eka mANasa koIpaNa prakAranuM aupacArika zikSaNa prApta karyA vinA paNa nItimAna jIvana jIvato hoya tathA potAnI pharajonuM khUba kALajIpUrvaka pAlana karato hoya yA vahelI paroDhathI rAta sudhI zramaniSTha jIvana gALato hoya, samAjamAM sabhyatAthI vartato hoya to A mANasane zikSita gaNavo ke nahi? gAMdhIjInA zikSaNa cintanane samajavA ane samajAvavA jatAM sAmAnyataH vardhA zikSaNa yojanAnuM vivecana thA vivaraNa prastuta karavAno AjakAlanA zikSaNa jagatamAM eka rivAja ghaNo pracalita che. eTale ke gAMdhIjInA zikSaNa cintanane buniyAdI zikSaNanI sAthe gUMcavavAmAM Ave che, ema karavA jatAM 'tattvajJAna ja bAju para rahI jAya che ane 'yojanA' para ja bhAra mukAya che. tattvataH gAMdhI zikSaNa cintana ane varSA yojanA ekamekanA paryAyo nathI, e vAta spaSTa thavI ja joIe. gAMdhIjInuM zikSaNa cintana zikSaNanuMAma, Akhoya prazna zikSAnI kaI vibhAvanA pasaMda karavI tenA tattvajJAna che; jyAre buniyAdI zikSaNa yA navI tAlIma e varSA para AdhArita che. mahAtmAjI keLavaNI zabdanuM arthaghaTana A rIte oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 3 9

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kare che : AvAsanI mULabhUta samasyAomAMthI mukti apAvavAnuM che. (a) keLavaNI eTale bALakanA mana, zarIra ane AtmAnA mahAtmAjI kahe che tema : "sAvidyA yA vimuje'' e prAcIna maMtrane je uttama aMzo hoya teno sarvAgI vikAsa sAdhIne tene bahAra siddha karIe. vidyA eTale kevaLa AdhyAtmika jJAna ane mukti ANavA.'' eTale chUTakAro evo artha na karIe. vidyA eTale lokopayogI (ba) akSarajJAna e keLavaNInuM aMtima dhyeya nathI tema teno badhuM jJAna ane mukti eTale sarva dAsatvamAMthI chUTI javuM. Ama, AraMbha paNa nathI. e to strI ane puruSane keLavaNI ApavAnA A vidhAna pelA rojI-roTInA mULabhUta chUTakArAnI vAtathI ekamonuM eka mAtra sAdhana che. akSarajJAna svataMtrapaNe kaMI keLavaNI AgaLa "sarvadAsatvamAMthI mukti' prApta karavA sudhInI vistRta nathI.'' vibhAvanA sUcave che. A muktimAM tattvajJAnanI bhASAmAM AdhyAtmika (ka) "huM to bALakanI keLavaNIno AraMbha tene kaMIka upayogI mukti, jemAM mANasa bhautika svAtaMtryathI para thaI gayo hoya e hAtha udyoga zIkhavIne tenI keLavaNIno AraMbha thAya te kSaNathI hakIkatano svIkAre che, ene kaMIka nava sarjana karavAnuM zIkhavIne karuM. A rIte dareka (3) svAvalaMbana-svAzraya : mahAtmAjInA cintanamAM A zabda nizALa svAvalaMbI thaI zake. mAtra zarata eTalI ja ke nizALe ghaNo mahattvano che-pAyAno che. A zabdanI AjubAju ja jANe taiyAra karelI cIjo kharIdavI joIe.'' temanuM samagra cintana gUMthAtuM jatuM hoya evuM lAge che. svAzraya uparanAM traNeya vidhAno zikSaNanI nizcita vyAkhyA bAMdhavAnI athavA svAvalaMbana eTale ke, Arthika, sAmAjika ke mAnasika koI dizAmAM vicAraNIya mudAo Ape che. A arthaghaTana uparathI joI paNa prakAranA parAvalaMbanamAMthI chUTakAro. vyaktinuM Atmanirbhara zakAze ke, mahAtmAjI 'akSarajJAna'nA karatAM mana. zarIra ane hovuM. keLavaNIne aMte vyaktine traNe rItanuM svAvalaMbana prApta thavuM AtmAnI keLavaNIne vadhu prAdhAnya Ape che. je rIte ApaNe tyAM joIe. keLavaNInA kramamAM gAMdhI cintana pramANe parIkSAnA gAMdhIjIe zikSaNane tenA vyApaka svarUpamAM ghaTAvavAno prayatna praznapatramAM 70-80 guNanI prApti e prApti nathI, paNa svAvalaMbana karyo e ja rIte videzomAM paNa banyuM che. videzomAM paNa ApaNe e prApti (achievement) che. svAzraya ja keLavaNInuM sAdhana tyAM pahelAM banatuM hatuM tema mAtra Three 'R's nuM ja zikSaNa - (means) ane sAdhya (end) bane che. tethI A svAvalaMbana eTale ke vAMcavuM (reading), lakhavuM (writing) ane gaNavuM zabdane vizALa arthamAM samajavo jarUrI che. (arithmetic) hatuM. paraMtu jema jema zikSaNazAstramAM cintanazIla (a) Arthika svAvalaMbana : AgaLa ullekha karyo che te pramANe pravRttino vega vadhato gayo tema tema Three 'R's nI jagyAe keLavaNI dvArA vyaktinA traNa mULabhUta prazno rojI, roTI ane Three 'H's nA zikSaNa para-eTale ke hAtha (Hand) hRdaya (Heart) AvAsamAMthI chuTakAro maLavo joIe. Akhare mANasa ke bALaka tathA mastiSka (Head) nI keLavaNI para bhAra mukAvA lAgyo. zikSaNa zA mATe le che? e praznano sIdhosaTa uttara to e ja che ke, AgaLa jatAM emAM paNa cothA 'H' (Health) svAthyano umero A traNa samasyAono ukela ANIne sukha ane AnaMdathI potAnuM thayo. jyAre ahIM gAMdhIjIe ApelA zikSaNanA arthamAM 4'H's jIvana vyatIta karavuM e pratyeka vyaktinI jhaMkhanA hoya che. tethI uparAMta paNa kazuMka che ane te akSarajJAnanuM eka sAdhana tarIkenuM keLavaNI jo tene e praznomAMthI mukti na apAvI zake to e svarUpa tathA keLavaNInA AraMbhathI ja bALakanI sarjanazIlatAne keLavaNIno kazo ja artha raheto nathI. Ama, samasyA pravartamAna poSaka evA utpAdanalakSI zramanuM kendrasthAna. bekArInA mULa para ghA karI, mANasane keLavaNI dvArA eka evuM (2) vimuktidA keLavaNI : gAMdhIjInA keLavaNI zabdanA sAmarthya ApavAnI che; jethI zikSaNane aMte vidyArthI pote zuM karaze arthaghaTanamAM be sopAna che. prathama sopAnamAM teo evI keLavaNIne tathA potAnuM zuM thaze evI ciMtAmAMthI mukta thaI jAya. tethI ja to. arthaghaTana kare che jemAM vyaktinI vyaktimattAnA sarvatomukhI vikAsanI gAMdhIjI svAzrayI keLavaNIne bekArInI sAme eka jAtanA vImA tattva raheluM hoya. vikasita vyakti ja sAmAjika ane rAjakIya jevI gaNe che. zikSaNa dvArA mANasanA mULabhUta praznonA nirAkaraNanuM arthamAM svataMtra thaI zake e vyakti ja mukta (free) thavAne pAtra bhAve nizcita (free) thavAne pAtra bhAvi nizcita bane to ja e zikSaNa kAmanuM. tattvataH to e zikSaNa che e vAtane dhyAnamAM rAkhI teo arthaghaTananA bIjA sopAnamAM ja javAbadAra gaNAya jemAM manuSyanA bhAvinI ciMtA thayelI na vimuktidA keLavaNInuM arthaghaTana kare che. prAcIna bhAratIya zAstroe hoya. keLavaNImAM Arthika tattvane siddha karavA mATe gAMdhIjIe ApelI keLavaNInI vibhAvanA che: "sA vidyA yA vima" arthAta "utpAdaka zramaniSThA''para AdhArita zikSaNa tarehano khyAla Apyo 'vidyA te je vimuktidA' keLavaNInuM kAma, have pachI svAzrayanI che. tethI Aje bhale bane teTalI avagaNanA thAya, paNa AvatI vibhAvanAmAM ApaNe joIzuM te pramANe mANasane rojI-roTI- kAle tene amalanI bhUmikA para lAvyA sivAya cAlavAnuM nathI. e 40 (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018

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ja eka taraNopAya che. marI paravAravAno prazna kyAMthI udbhave? emAM doSa vidyArthIono (ba) sAmAjika svAvalaMbana : uparanI Arthika svAvalaMbananI nathI, doSa keLavaNInI tarahano che; doSa keLavaNI ApanArAono carcA paratI A vibhAvanA maryAdita nathI. mAtra peTiyuM raLavAthI che; doSa parIkSAlakSI zikSaNa paddhatino che. emAMthI zikSaNane aMte jIvana jIvI zakAtuM nathI. sAmAjika dRSTie paNa mANase svAvalaMbI vidyArthI mAnasika svAtaMtrya-svAvalaMbana prApta kare e mahAtmAjInI banavuM ja rahyuM. e vAtano ekarAra paNa mahAtmAjInA zikSaNa mAnasika svAvalaMbananI vibhAvanAnuM lakSa che. cintanamAM che. gAMdhIjInA samayamAM (ane ghaNe bhAge Aje paNa) (4) saMskAra : gAMdhI prabodhita keLavaNInI saMskAra eka evI je zikSaNa hatuM teno Azaya pUrva kahyuM che te pramANe "sapheda kolarano vibhAvanA che; jeno vyApa zikSaNanA aupacArika mALakhAthI para dhaMdho'' (White collared Job) meLavavAno hato. pariNAme zikSaNa che. aupacArika Dhabe prApta thatuM mAhitInuM jJAna vyaktitvane suzIla lenArA sAmAjika rIte khUba ja parAvalaMbI banI jatAM. zeksapiyaranI banAvanAra saMskAritA nathI e hakIkta spaSTa thavI joIe. pustakonA kavitAo phaTaphaTa bolI jato chokaro gharamAM khurazInI khIlI nIkaLI uttama aMzo, saMskAra vArasAnA mudAo, praziSTa sAhityanI nAmAvalI jAya ke lAITano yUjha UDI jAya ke meluM sApha karanAra be divasa vagere yAda rAkhavAthI mANasa saMskArI thaI jato nathI. e ja rIte nA Ave to sAva nirAdhAra banI jAya! kAraNa ke tene kavitAo sArAM kapaDAM paheravAM, sarasa vAkchaTA hovI e paNa saMskAritA che ke gaNita sivAya potAnAM dainika kAmo paNa AvaDatAM na hoya! e evuM mAnI levuM e bhUla che. A badhAnI jenA para asara thAya te to ThIka paNa pelI sAhebagIrInI keLavaNImAMthI emanAM manamAM cittanI guNavattAthI mANasanI saMskAritAnI kasoTI thAya che. eTale zrama pratye eka jAtanI sUga pedA thaI hoya, potAnA manamAM e ke keLavaNInI prakriyAmAM mANasano sAmAjika vyakti tarIkeno ema ja mAnato hoya ke vAsaNa mAMjavAM e bAnuM ke bahena (strI)nuM vyavahAra keLavAvo joIe tathA tene potAne potAnI saMskRti ane kAma che; meluM sApha karavuM e bhaMgInuM kAma che; jyAre potAnuM kAma saMskAravArasA mATe eka prakArano AdarabhAva anubhavAvo joIe. to gaNita gaNavAnuM che. sAmAjika dRSTie vidyArthInA manamAM gAMdhIjI kasturabA bAlikAzramanI bALAone saMbodhatAM kahe che : ghaDAtA AvA khyAlo tene potAne mATe hAnikAraka che. AvI "akSarajJAna karatAM saMskAranI keLavaNIne huM ghaNuM vadhAre mahattva keLavaNI temanA mate kevaLa bagADa rUpa hoI, bIjuM game te hoya ApuM chuM. saMskAritA e to pAyAnI vastu che. e mahattvanI bAbata keLavaNI to nathI ja. tenA IlAja rUpe teo udyoga ke hAthapaganI bALAoe ahIMthI meLavI levI joIe. tame kema beso cho, kema keLavaNInI himAyata kare che. gAMdhIjInI keLavaNI vicAraNAnuM vAta karo cho, kevI rIte kapaDAM pahero cho ItyAdi tamArA vartananI pramukha aMga che - darekane potAnuM kAma to potAnI jAte karatAM nAnAmAM nAnI vigatamAM paNa e saMskAritA tarI AvavI joIe, AvaDavuM joIe. koI paNa prakAranA karma' ke 'zrama' mATe koI jethI koI paNa mANasa tamane jotAMveta jANI zake ke, tame A paNa vyaktinA manamAM sUgano bhAva pedA na thAya e jovAnI pharaja saMsthAmAM keLavAyelA cho. tamArA bolavAmAM, mulAkAte AvanArAonI keLavaNInI che evuM A vibhAvanA sUcavI jAya che. sAthenA tamArA vartAvamAM, ApasamAM ekabIjA sAthenA temaja (ka) mAnasika svAvalaMbana : A svAzrayanI vibhAvanAnuM trIjuM tamArA zikSako ke vaDIlo sAthenA tamArA vartanamAM aMtaranI pAsuM che. keLavaNInuM kAma vyaktine svataMtra vicAra, tarka, kalpanA saMskAritAnI asara varatAI AvavI joIe.'' Ama ahIM paNa tathA saMvituM (intellect) bakSavAnuM tathA svataMtra abhivyakti ApavAnuM gAMdhIjI saMskArane akSarajJAnanA karatAM agrasthAne mUke che. che. bIjAnAM vicAro, udAharaNo ane bIjAnAM tAraNo gokhIne vidyArthIomAM saMskAra sIMcI samAjane anukULa evA vyavahAranuM parabhASAmAM praznapatro lakhI nAkhavAmAM keLavaNInI ItizrI thaI ghaDatara karavuM e keLavaNInI A vibhAvanAno tAtparya che. jatI nathI. pahelAnI temaja AjanI keLavaNIe paNa vidyArthIne 5. cAritrya : AgaLa kahyuM che te pramANe saMskAritAno sIdho mAnasika rIte pAMgaLo ane parAvalaMbI banAvavAmAM mahatvano ja phalitArtha vyaktinA zuddha cAritryanuM ghaDatara che. vidyArthImAM dhairya, bhAga bhajavyo che. ApaNe jANIe chIe ke, Aje paNa vidyArthIo tAkAta, saguNo jevA mahAna uddezo siddha karavAnI dizAmAM kArya yA to potAnA adhyApakonI taiyArI, buddhimattA ane jJAna upara ja karatI vakhate potAnI jAtane bhUlI javAnI zakti khilavavAno jIvatA hoya che yA gAIDa ke mArgadarzikA jevAM phaTapAthiyAM pustako prayatna keLavaNInI prakriyAmAM thavo joIe. akSarajJAna karatAM e upara ja temanI saphaLatAno AdhAra hoya che. jyAre svataMtra rIte bAbato vadhAre mahattvanI che. bauddhika viSayonuM zikSaNa vadhAre moTuM vicAravAnI, carcA karavAnI, navuM sarjana karavAnI ke anAvila evuM A dhyeya siddha karavA mATenuM sAdhana che, ema gAMdhIjI mAnatA. AtmAbhivyaktinI emanI kSamatA tadna marI paravArI hoya che; tethI ja temanA mate jJAnamAtranuM dhyeya cAritra ghaDataranuM hovuM joIe. ema kahevuM paNa khoTuM che; kAraNa ke te janmI ja nathI hotI pachI ApaNI saghaLI vidyA athavA vedonuM pArAyaNa tathA saMskRta, leTina, oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (41

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jhIka vagerenuM zAstrazuddha jJAna, hRdayane saMpUrNa zuddha karavAnI mANasane temaja temAM gAMdhIne goThavavAnA prayatnonI-vAdonI vitaMDAthI para zakti na Ape to e badhAno tene zo upayoga? ahIM paNa rahIne gAMdhIjInA zikSaNa cintanane samajavAno prayatna karyA pachI akSarajJAnanA karatAM cAritrane vadhu agratA ApatAM teo kahe temanA zikSaNa cintanane vigate samajavAno prayatna sugama thaI che : 'zikSaNa' eTale akSarajJAna nahi, paraMtu cAritryanI khilavaNI- paDe. A zikSaNa cintana parathI eka vAta nizcitapaNe joI zakAya dharmabhAvanuM bhAna e mata mArA saghaLA prakAranA vAcanathI majabUta ke gAMdhIjI zikSaNa dvArA vyaktinA vikAsa temaja te dvArA samagra thAya che. ApaNI bhASAmAM tene ApaNe keLavaNI' zabdathI oLakhIe samAja ane rASTranA vikAsane tAke che. emaNe sUcavelA ane chIe.'' zALAmahAzALAnA pAyAmAM cAritrya hoya e vAta para amalamAM mUkelAM sakala racanAtmaka kAryomAM keLavaNInuM kArya pAyAnuM gAMdhIjI ghaNo bhAra mUke che. zALAnI ImArata to paththara ane banI rahe che. e keLavaNIne zALAmAM-vargamAM kaI rIte kAryAnvita cUnAthI caNAya paNa cAritrya e rIte caNI zakAtuM nathI. vidyArthInA karavI teno vicAra paNa svayaM mahAtmAjIe karyo che. temanI potAnA sivAya e caNatara bIjuM koI na karI zake. AcArya ke vizeSatA e hatI ke, temaNe ApeluM cintana mAtra kAlpanika yA adhyApako copaDIonAM pAnAomAMthI vidyArthIne cAritrya nahi AdarzomAM rAcanAro manovihAra na hato. teo je kAMI vicAratA ApI zake. cAritryanuM ghaDatara to AcArya ane adhyApakonAM teno prayoga svayaM karI jotA ane tene AdhAre vicAramAM je kAMI jIvanomAMthI AvI zake ane te vidyArthInA aMtaramAMthI AvI zake. pheraphAra karavA jevo lAge te karyA pachI je te vicAra rajU karatA. Ama, gAMdhIjI sadAcAra athavA sArA jIvanane cAritryanuM mahattvanuM eTale gAMdhIjInuM cintana prayogAI nathI ema to kahI zakAya ja aMga mAne che. nahi; chatAMya eTaluM cokkasa che ke, koI paNa cintana tenA viniyoga 6, samavAya : gAMdhIjInA zikSaNa cintanamAMno samavAya zabda mATe prayoktAnI pAse pUrI niSThA ane cokkasa zistanI apekSA zikSaNa jagata mATe navo che. saMta vinobAjI e zabdanuM arthaghaTana rAkhe che. AvI apekSA gAMdhIjInA cintanamAM vizeSa hoya e A pramANe ghaTe che : `sama' eTale sArI rIte, samyaka rIte 'vAya' svAbhAvika che. eTale vaNavuM. arthAtu zikSaNanI prakriyA samyaka vaNATanI prakriyA ahIM zikSaNanA hetuo vagerenI bAbatamAM gAMdhIjInA jevI che. vaNATanI prakriyAmAM tANAvaNo mukhya che; jyAre kAMThalAthI cintananA saMdarbhamAM thoDo navesarathI vicAra karavo jarUrI che. mAMDIne te navalAkhiyA sudhInA sALanA badhA ja bhAgo tenA pUraka kAraNa ke je rIte tAttvika vAdonA cokaThAmAM gAMdhIjIne goThavavAno che. eTale te badhA ja hovA jarUrI che. e ja rIte vidyArthI ane prayatna gAMdhIjIne anyAya karanAro che; te ja rIte te ApaNI zikSakanI vaccenI adhyayana prakriyA ghara, samAja, vAtAvaraNa, saMskAra zikSaNa praNAlInA svarUpa temaja tattvajJAna ubhayane AghAta e badhAnA sumeLa vinA zakya na bane. e badhAmAM ekano abhAva pahoMcADanAro che. A dRSTie hetuo vagerenI bAbate ahIM hoya topaNa zikSaNano vyAyAma nirarthaka javAnI saMbhAvanA rahe che. keTalAka pheraphAra karyA che; je te vizenI pracalita mAnyatAothI A samavAya zabdano zAbdika artha che. judA che. - jyAre zikSaNanI dRSTie samAvAyano tAttvika artha jarA vadhu zikSaNanI bAbatamAM mahAtmAjIe svayaM sUcavelA zikSaNanA vizALa che. jJAna akhaMDita che. enA TukaDA na thaI zake. koI paNa hetuo temanAM lakhANomAMthI phalita thAya che. A hetuo vyakti jJAna karmamAMthI ja niSpanna thatuM hoya che. jema ke mULa to mANasa kendrita hovA chatAMya sAmAjika phalitArthothI yukta hovAne kAraNe khetI karato hato. khetInA karmamAMthI ja dhIre dhIre teNe kRSivijJAna kevaLa ekAMgI nathI. zikSaNanA hetuno temaNe khUba sabhAnatApUrvaka (science of agriculture) vikasAvyuM. e ja rIte cA banAvavA vicAra karyo che, eTale ke temaNe samagra keLavaNIne samAjanA pAyA jatAM voTsana nAmanA vaijJAnike varALanI apratima zaktino siddhAMta para mUkavAnI koziza karI che. bhAratamAM prathama vAra gAMdhIjIe zodhI kADhyo. mULa vinimayanI prathA tathA AdAnapradAnanAM karmamAMthI keLavaNIne samAjazAstrIya dRSTikoNa Apyo ema kahevAmAM kazuM mANase saravALA-bAdabAkInuM gaNita zodhI kADhayuM. A ja rIte khoTuM nathI, A dezanA samAjamAM sarvodayI samAjanI vibhAvanA bhASA paNa karmamAMthI ja vikasI che. eTale pratyeka jJAna yA tenA laIne temaNe padArpaNa kareluM. arthAt 'zoSaNa rahita, sahakAramUlaka koI paNa aMzanuM mULa karma che. jJAna karmamAMthI niSpanna thayeluM che; ane vargavihIna lokazAhI samAjavAdI samAjaracanA' e emanI karma jJAnamAMthI niSpanna thayeluM nathI. tethI jJAnaprAptinuM mAdhyama keLavaNInuM eka mAtra lakSa hatuM. A lakSanI siddhi mATe temaNe karma ja hovuM joIe e samavAya zabdanI gAMdhIjInA cittananI keLavaNInA samULagA mALakhAne badalI nAkhavAnI abhUtapUrva ghoSaNA tAttvika vibhAvanA che. karI, temAMthI phalita thatA hetuo A pramANe gaNAvI zakAya : 6.7. zikSaNanA hetuo : zikSaNanA tattvajJAnanI vicAradhArAo (a) keLavaNImAM svAvalaMbana ane svAvalaMbI keLavaNI : 42) (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha) prabaddha jIvana :gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018

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svAvalaMbana eTale vyaktinuM potAnA paga para UbhA rahevuM. anubhava, Izvara ane AtmAnubhUtinuM jJAna che. zikSaNa svAvalaMbI hoya to ja khamIravaMtu banI zake. A mATe Ama, gAMdhIjI svAvalaMbananA hetuthI zarU karI Atma sAkSAtkAra gAMdhIjIe Arthika svAvalaMbana, sAmAjika svAvalaMbana ane mAnasika jevA vizALa hetu sudhInI vAta kare che. nakkara bhautika jagatanI svAvalaMbanano vicAra mUkyo. keLavaNI dvArA A traNe svAvalaMbana bhautika jarUriyAtono gAMdhIjI svIkAra kare che, paNa tene sAdhya siddha thAya e pAyAno hetu che. tenAthI vyakti Arthika upArjana to mAnatA nathI. gAMdhIjInA zaikSaNika hetuo bhautika jarUriyAtonI kare ja, paNa sAthe sAmAjika ane mAnasika svAvalaMbananI duniyAmAM pUrti ke sAmAjika anukUlanathI aTakI jatA nathI. e baMne jarUrI paNa Atmanirbhara banI rahe e dRSTikoNa che. che, paNa zikSaNa ethIye AgaLa javAnuM che ane mAnavImAM rahela (ba) sAMskRtika vikAsa : keLavaNInI prakriyAmAMthI vyaktinA naitikatA, AdhyAtmikatA ane daivI aMzano sAkSAtkAra tene karAvavAno manamAM saMskRti ane saMskAravArasA pratye eka prakArano Adara che. Ama, roTalA ane vastra mATenuM zikSaNa pAyAnuM che, tenA prakaTavo joIe. tethI ja to gAMdhIjI akSarajJAnanA karatAM saMskAranI vagara na ja cAle. samAjanI sevA mATenuM zikSaNa paNa bahu jarUrI keLavaNIne vadhu mahattva Ape che. manuSyanA vartana parathI ja tenA che. paraMtu A baMne hetuo Akhare to mAnavInI naitikatA khilavavA saMskAranI chApa UbhI thAya che. bALakonI keLavaNImAM vartana- mATenI pUrva jarUriyAta ja che. bhautika samRddhi ane sAmAjika parivartananI prakriyAne mahattvanuM sthAna hovuM joIe. TUMkamAM saMskAritA sahakAra aMte jo AdhyAtmika unnati ane zAMtimAM na pariName to ane saMskRti zikSaNa dvArA vikasavAM joIe. nakAmAM Thare che ema gAMdhIjI mAnatA hatA. zikSaNa phakta deha ane (ka) cAritrya - ghaDatara : sAMskRtika vikAsano sIdho ja phalitArtha mananI ja nahi, paNa AtmAnI keLavaNI che ema gAMdhIjInI vyaktinA zuddha cAritryanuM ghaDatara che. jJAnamAtranuM dhyeya cAritrya keLavaNInI vibhAvanAmAMthI spaSTa thAya che. gAMdhIjIne mAnavanA ghaDatara hovuM joIe. A cAritrya-ghaDatara vyaktinI zaktionA zAzvata ghaTakamAM saMpUrNa zraddhA hatI. A uparAMta temanAM cintanamAMthI UrdhIkaraNa dvArA thaI zake. zikSaNano mahattvano hetu cAritrya nIcenA traNa hetuo phalita thAya che : ghaDatarano che. (1) samagra mAnava bahAra lAvavo : gAMdhIjInA zikSaNanA (Da) vimuktidA keLavaNI : keLavaNIno hetu "sAvidyAvima' cintanamAM vidyArthInuM vyaktitva prathama mahattvanI bAbata che. A che. gAMdhIjIe keLavaNInA A prAcIna hetune navA saMdarbhamAM raju bAbata ja temanA cintanamAMnA bAlakendrI jhokano nirdeza karI jAya karyo che. lokone upayogI tamAma jJAna eTale vidyA ane sarva che. tethI gAMdhIjInA mate je keLavaNI chokarA chokarIone upayogI dAsatvamAMthI chuTakAro eTale 'mukti' evo artha karyo che. keLavaNInuM nAgariko, samagra mANaso na banAve te saMgIna prakAranI keLavaNI kAma loka-upayogI jJAnanuM upArjana tathA dAsatva-gulAma na hoI zake. A samagra mANasa eTale mANasanA vyaktitvanuM manovRttimAMthI mukti apAvavAnuM che. nirmANa. mANasanA zarIra, hRdaya, citta ane AtmA e cAre (I) Atma sAkSAtkAra : gAMdhIjI Atma sAkSAtkAranA hetune bAjuono ekarAgabharyo vikAsa karavo e keLavaNIno hetu che. keLavaNIno sarvocca heta mAne che. AjanI keLavaNImAM AtmAnI gAMdhIjInA kahevA pramANe sAcI keLavaNI to e kahevAya je bALakonI anubhUtine visarAvanArAM tattvonuM AdhiSya hovAthI A vAta AdhyAtmika, bauddhika ane zArIrika zaktione bahAra ANe ne jarUra nIrasa lAge, chatAM jyAM lagI AtmA tattva cInyo nahi. khilave. Ama, zikSaNanI prakriyAmAM vyaktitvanuM nirmANa karanArI tyAM lagI sAdhanA sarva jaThI'' jevI vAta che. Aje jyAre pratyeka koI ekabAjunA bhAge anyano vadhu paDato vikAsa na thaI jAya e kSaNe cUrecUrA thaI jatA zarIra upara ja najara vadhu kare che. tyAre jovAnI gAMdhIjInI dRSTinuM ghaNuM mahattva che, kAraNa ke tema karavA enI sAme lAlabattI dharatAM gAMdhIjI kahe che : vidyArthI mATeno jatAM keLavaNI ane tenuM kartutva dUSita banatuM hovAnuM zikSaNanA prAcIna zabda 'brahmacArI' che. kAraNa ke tenA saghaLA abhyAsa tathA ItihAsamAM noMdhAyuM che. saghaLI pravRttiono uddeza bahmanI khoja che. sAdAI ane (2) vyaktinI sAmAjika upayogitA : samagra mAnavanA AtmasaMyamanA majabUta pAyA para te potAnA jIvananuM caNatara kare nirmANanA hetumAMthI ja tenA sAmAjika upayogano hetu svayaM che. dareka dharma vastutAe vidyArthIone Aja upadeza Ape phalita thAya che. zikSaNa jo vyaktine samAjathI alaga pADI detuM che...tamArAM saghaLAM kAmo tathA ramatano udAtta udeza nigrahamaya hoya to te zikSaNa tattvata; khoTuM hovA uparAMta bagADa' che ema jIvana ho, ane te tamane IzvaranI vadhu samIpa laI jAo.'' gAMdhIjI kahe che. ApaNA dezanI kuTuMba prathAnI guNavattAne gAMdhIjIe AtmAnI keLavaNInA udeza dvArA gAMdhIjI keLavaNIne eka vizALa dRSTi samakSa rAkhI che. A kuTuMba prathAmAMthI ja bALakonI lAgaNIonuM phalaka para mUkI de che. gAMdhIjInA mate aMtima vAstavikatAno ghaDatara thAya che A lAgaNI eTale bhaNIgaNIne kaTuMbane ane oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka 'satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (43)]

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AgaLa jatAM samAjane upayogI thavAnI lAgaNI. tethI ja gAMdhIjI sarakhAvI zakAya tema che. byubara paNa manuSya-manuSya vaccenA saMvAda kahe che tema atyAre paNa garIba lokonAM bALako ApoApa eTale ke sAmAjika pArasparikatA (social mutuality) nI vAta kare emanA mAbApane madada kare che - emanAM manamAM lAgaNI e hoya che. gAMdhIjIne paNa AvI sAmAjika pArasparikatA ja udiSTa hoya che ke jo mAbApanI joDAjoDa kAma nahi karuM to mAbApa khAze zuM evuM lAge che. ne mane khavaDAvaze zuM? e ja eka keLavaNI che. kuTuMbamAM bALakanA (3) AcAra ane vicAranA sAtatyanuM nirmANa : manuSyanI manamAM pamaratI A lAgaNIne zikSaNa dvArA kuMThita na thavA detAM tene samagratA ane tenI sAmAjikatA tenA AcAra ane vicAranA vikasAvIne gAMdhIjI tene sAmAjikatAnuM svarUpa ApavA mAMge che. ghaDatara para AdhArita che. je zikSaNa vyakti ane samAjanI vacce have, zikSaNamAM e jamAnAmAM ane Aje paNa banatuM AvyuM che. khAI UbhI kare che te ja zikSaNa tattvataH vyaktinA AcAra ane tame jo mAtra bauddhika viSayonuM ja zikSaNa ApatA ho to A hetu vicAranI vacce paNa khAI UbhI kare che. A hakIkatane dRSTi kadApi bara AvI zake ja nahi. UlaTAnuM evuM zikSaNa to mANasane samakSa rAkhIne ja gAMdhIjI kahevAtA zikSita karatAM bhalAbhoLA tenI kauTuMbika ane sAmAjika javAbadArIothI vimukha ja banAve. kheDUtane sAro gaNe che; tathA zikSaNamAM saMskAritA, cAritrya ghaDatara eTalA mATe gAMdhIjI naryA viSayonA zikSaNane DAbuM karI, zikSaNamAM ane AtmajJAnanI vibhAvanAo rajU kare che. AcAra ane vicAranI svAvalaMbana ane zramaniSThAnI vAta kare che, je vyakti svayaM svAzrayI ekatA ja sAmAjika ekatAnA mUlyano mUla strota che ane tethI nathI te samAjamAM anyane to zI rIte madadarUpa thaI zakavAnI zikSaNamAM tenuM mahattva ghaNuM vadhAre che. hatI? eTale vyaktinuM svAvalaMbana samAjamAMnA parasparAvalaMbanano pAyo che. tattvataH jo gAMdhIjIne koInI ye sAthe sarakhAvavA hoya jI-1 ziva, zivasAgara epArTamenTa, to te rUso ke DayUI jevA cintako sAthe nahi, paNa IjharAyelanA nAnA bajAra, vallabhavidyAnagara - 388120 cintaka mArTina bUbara (Martin Buber) nI sAthe khUba saraLatAthI phona naM. 09879245403 ANY/VTV | YUAN / \ / \_|| - 16 Gandhi ji and Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan at a prayer meeting, Undated (Broken Negative) 4 4 ) satya- ahiMsA- aparigraha prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018

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mahAtmA gAMdhInuM Arogya ciMtana rameza saMghavI bhUja, kaccha khAte svajana jIvanakendranA upakrame Arogya kendra, pustakAlaya, kampyuTara zikSaNanI pravRttio uparAMta gRha upayogI anya tAlIma kendro tathA zAzvata gAMdhI' ane 'jIvanasudhA' jevAM sAmayiko calAvatAM gAMdhIvicAra samarpita jIvanasAdhaka che. gAMdhIjI 'sakala purUSa' kahevAyA ane 'akAla puruSa' paNa kahevAyA. jIvananAM pratyeka kSetramAM temaNe maulika vicAro ApyA ane te vicAro Aje paNa prastuta che, AvatI kAle paNa prastuta rahevAnA che. saMbhava che tenI paddhati badalAya, tenAM sAdhano badalAya che ArogyanuM kSetra gAMdhIjInuM atyaMta priya kSetra hatuM. bImArI ane tenI sAravAra vize khUba UMDAlathI temaNe vicAreluM, tenA prayogo karyA ane pariNAma ApyAM, temaNe ja eka vakhata kaheluM jo huM dezanA kAmamAM AvI zakuM to mAre savAso varasa jIvavuM che.' ane teo cheka sudhI svastha hatA. AyuSyanA ATha dAyakA pUrA thavAmAM hatA tyAre teo atyaMta azAMta ane bhayAvaha vistAra noAkhalImAM pagamAM caMpala paNA paheryA vinA, kAMTA-kAMkarAvALI sAMkaDI keDIomAM pagapALA gAme gAma thAtrA karI rahyA hatA! cAlavAnI temanI jhaDapa, aMdaranI tAjagI ane sphUrti, prazno ukelavAnI ane satata karmaratatA juvAnane paNa zaramAve tevAM hatAM. emanI pAse rahenArAoe temanA svAsthyanI, temanI cAmaDInI camakanI, temanA AhAra, saMyamanI ane da22oja 15-16 kalAka kAma karavAnI vAta noMdhI che. nArAyaNabhAI desAIe eka vakhata kaheluM : 'bApune meM kyAreya bagAsuM khAtAM ke ALasa maraDatA nathI joyA.' keTa keTalA mulAkAnIo pratidina maLavA AvatA, agatyanI miTiMgo thatI, bahAra javAnuM thatuM paNa pratyekane thatuM : 'bApu pUre pUrA kSaNa-kSaNa amArI sAthe ja hatA.' pratyeka sAthe vinoda, mArgadarzana, bhASaNa ApatA. praznamAM UMDA utaravuM e saMdarbhe jarUrI patro lakhavA ke pagalAM levAM te vayaka-niraMtara cAlyA karatuM, teo bImAra nahotA paDatAM tema nahotuM paNa bImArI paNa temanuM niyaMtraNa rahetuM. sAdA gharelu kudaratI upacAro, AhAra parivartana ane rAmanAma temane svastha rAkhavAnI cAvIrUpa hatAM. viSaya hatuM. IMgleMDamAM paNa temaNe khorAkanA prayogo karelA. da. AphrikAmAM teo keTalAyanA DaoNkTara banelA! prAraMbhe parivArajanonA, pachI to keTalAya asIlo temanI salAha potAnI bImArI mATe letA ane phiniksa vasAhata ane TolasToya phArma pachI to badhA ja AzramavAsInA teo cikitsaka banelAM! da. AphrikAmAM Arogya vize temaNe khUba vAcyuM-vicAryuM, jAta para ane sAthIo para ajamAvyuM ane pachI te viSe 'inDiyana opiniyana'mAM lekho lakhyAM je temanA prathama pustaka rUpe, 'Arogya viSe sAmAnya jJAna' ne nAme pragaTa thayuM. pustaka che nAnuM, paNa temaNe je samaja ApI che te adbhuta che. temanuM Arogya vizenuM A prathama pustaka i. AphrikAmAM 1906mAM pragaTa thayuM hatuM ane temanuM chelluM pustaka te ArogyanI cAvI je bhAratamAM AgAkhAna jelamAM 1942mAM lakhAyuM hatuM. 'ArogyanI cAvI' lakhAyuM tyAre temanI pAse 'Arogya viSe sAmAnya jJAna' pustaka nahotuM. chatA bannemAM adbhuta samAnatA ane ekasUtratA che. baMne pustaka che nAnAM paNa jIvana vizenI, svAsthya vizenI ane svastha rahevA vizenI ane te mATe jarUrI upacAronI UMDANathI carcA thaI che. 'rAmanAma' ane 'khorAka' vizenAM pustako paNa temanA Arogya viSayaka sAhityamAM umerI zakAya. gAMdhIjInA aneka pradAnamAM eka pradAna e kudaratI upacAra. mULe to iMgleMDa, amerikA AdimAM keTalAka DaoNkTaro to A kArya karatA ja, ane temaNe je pustako lakhelAM te gAMdhIjInAM vAMcavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. AgaLa darzAvyuM tema kudaratI upacAranAM aneka pustako temaNe da. AphrikAmAM vAMcyAM ane tenA prayogo karyA ane pachI te vicAro ane anubhavone AdhAre temaNe 'Arogya viSe sAmAnya jJAna' lakhyuM. nAnapaNathI ja temane bImAranI sAravAra gamatI, pitAnI sAravAra temaNe khUba bhAvathI karelI. temane vizeSa abhyAsa mATe iMgleMDa mokalavAnI ane bArIsTaranuM bhaNavAnI vAta AvI, tyAre temaNe kaheluM : 'mane DaoNkTara thavA mATe kAM na mokalo?' paNa moTA bhAIe ane anya vaDIloe nA pADI : 'ApaNe vaiSNava, deDakAM maDadAM na cirAya.' 6. AphrikAmAM potAnA jIvananA parivartana sAthe ane vizeSa parivartana mATe prAraMbhathI ja khorAkanA prayogo karatA rahelA, paNa tenI pAchaLa mukhya bhumikA brahmacaryanI hatI. tyAre paNa temane e spaSTa hatuM ke jIvanano hetu IzvaraprApti ja che, mokSa che ane tenA mATe satyAdi vato anivArya che. 'satya e ja paramezvara' e bhale pachIthI anubhavAyuM paNa A satyanI zodha mATe ahiMsA anivArya na eTale ArogyazAstra temanA mATe bALapaNathI ja rasano che e temaNe joI lIdheluM. gAMdhIjInuM jagatane sauthI moTuM pradAna oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 45

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hoya to te A ja 'ahiMsAno vyavahAramAM viniyoga' eTale gAMdhI praNita samAja racanAnA vicArane 'sarvodayathI samAja racanA' ke 'ahiMsaka samAja racanA' kahevAya che. 'maMgala prabhAta' nAmanI suMdara pustikAmAM temaNe je agiyAra vrato samajAvyAM che temAM temaNe 'satyanI zodha' mATe ahiMsAnI anivAryatA ane hiMsAahiMsAnI sUkSma samaja ApI che. ane temAM paraMparAgata pAMca vrato uparAMta bIjAM cha vrato umeryAM temAM 'asvAda' vratane paNa umeryuM che. AvI ahiMsaka jIvanazailInI zodhamAM ja temane A kudaratI upacAranI laganI lAgI. te aMge teo niraMtara vicAratA rahyA ane te mujaba jIvatA rahyA. temanA jIvananAM chellA be-aDhI varSamAM to A vicAra saghanapaNe vicArAyo ane satata mUkAryo temaNe to nisargopacAranuM eka vizvavidyAlaya khule te mATeya vicAreluM. 1946mAM punAnA nisargopacAra kendramAM 3 mahinA rahyA bAda teo sevAgrAma parata pharyA tyAre 'nisargopacAra vidyAlaya'nI yojanA sAthe AvelA. paNa pAra vinAnAM kAmone lIdhe te vAta pUrNa na thaI. saradAra paTelane temaNe eka vakhata lakheluM : 'nisargopacAranI laganI mane bALapaNathI ja vaLagI che paraMtu mArI bIjI aneka pravRttione kAraNe huM mArA A svapnanI pAchaLa paDI zakyo nathI paNa jyAre jyAre taka maLI tyAre emaNe e meLavI lIdhI che. vAIsaroya ke dezanA netAothI mAMDI adanA grAmINajanane temaNe je hajAro patro lakhyA che temAM tabiyatanI vAta uparAMta tene svastha rAkhavAnI, tenA upacAronI vAta paNa lakhI hoya, salAha ApI hoya tevA seMkaDo-seMkaDo draSTAMto maLe! gAMdhIjInA patra sAhityano abhyAsa karavA jevo che, gAMdhIjInuM patra sAhitya mulyavAna nidhi che. gAMdhI4 17-18 varSanA hatA tyArathI Arogya viSe svAsthya ciMtana ane prayogo, abhyAsa ane adhyayana karatA rahyA hatA. eTale 1970mAM Arogya vize sAmAnya jJAna'no prAstavikamAM ja temaNe lakhyuM: "meM ThIka ThIka anubhava lIdho che, ane e anubhava uparathI keTalAka vicAro huM bAMdhI zakyo chuM.' teoe zarIra zAstra, AhAra zAstra, cikitsAzAstra Adi Arogya viSayaka zAstrono UMDANathI ane akhilAIthI abhyAsa karelo. temaNe lakhyuM cheH 'zarIrane lagatA sAdhAraNa niyamothI binavAkepha rahI ApaNe ghaNIvAra na karavAnuM karIe chIe athavA svArthI ane dhUtArA UMTa vaidyonA hAthamAM paDIe chIe'. eTale pustakanI prastAvanAmAM ja temaNe lakhyuM 'darada maTADavA karatAM darada aTakAvavuM e vadhAre sArUM che, kAraNake jema khovAyeluM ratna muzkelIthI hAtha lAge che, ne tenuM jatana karavAmAM jeTalo prayAsa ApaNe karIe chIe tenA karatAM tene zodhavAmAM ghaNo vadhAre karavo paDe che. ema ArogyarUpI ratna ApaNA hAthamAMthI gayA pachI pAchuM meLavavA bahu vakhata ane prayAsanI hAni thAya che . bImArI eTale kevaLa dehanI ja bImArI nahIM mananI paNa ane vastutaH mAnasika svAsthya ne zArIrika svAsthyano pAyo che. sArUM svAsthya tene ja kahevAya jemAM vyakti zarIra, mana ane cetanAthI svastha hoya. temaNe lakheluM... 'jenuM cAritrya kharAba che, te mANasa nirogI nahIM ja gaNAya ane teo mAnatA jenuM zarIra nIrogI hoya, tenuM mana zudhdha hoya.' kAraNake 'ApaNA karmathI ApaNe mAMdA paDIe chIe. tema vicArI paNa mAMdA paDIe chIe.' teoe lakhyuM che. "mANasa rogI ke nirogI rahe tenuM kAraNa ghaNI vAra pote ja che.' AjanuM cikitsA vijJAna paNa svIkAre ja che ke dardI badhAM manozArIrika hoya che. alabatta teoe lakhyuM cheH 'nirogI mANasa A duniyAmAM bahu ja thoDA jovA maLaze,' arthAt je zarIra, mana, temaja AtmAthI svastha hoya. mANasane nAnI-moTI bImArI Ave eTale DaoNkTara pAse doDe. gAMdhIjI kahe cheH gharamAM bATalI paikI pachI tyAMthI nIkaLatI ja nathI.' ane 'ApaNI Adata evI che ke jarA darada thAya ke turaMta ApaNe DaoNkTara, vaida ke hakImane tyAM doDI jaIe chIe. ApaNI mAnyatA ja evI che ke davA vinA darada jAya nahIM. A moTo vahema che, ane A vahemathI mANasa jeTalo oNkTobara- 2018 paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka eTale temanA AzramamAM ke jyAM paNa gAMdhIjIno nivAsa hoya tyAM kahevAtuM 'jo tamAre bApunI nikaTa AvavuM hoya to mAMdA po.' mAMdAnI mulakAta ane sAravAra e bApunI e cUka, jANe dharmacaryA khuba premathI-dilathI kare! AzramamAM hoya tyAre savArasAMja daradIonI avazya mulAkAta le, ane khUba jhINavaTathI temanA khorAka, jhADo, pezAba aMge pUche, jarUra paDe to spaMja mAliza Adi jAte kare athavA yogya rIte samajAve. pachI bhalene game tevuM kAma hoya, bhAre agatyanuM kAma hoya toya A krama tUTe nahIM. evA prasaMgo ekAdhika veLA banelA che ke sAbaramatI Azrama ke sevAgrAma AzramamAM atyaMta agatyanI miTiMga hoya ane tenI vacce bApu UThIne daradIne ApelA samaya mujaba tyAM pahoMcyA ja hoya. simalAmAM vAIsaroyanI mulAkAta pachI vAIsaroye pUcheluM mi. gAMdhI Apa simalA rokAvAnA cho' gAMdhIjIe turaMta kahyuM "mArA AzramamAM mArA daradIo mArI rAha joI rahyAM che, mAre satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 4 6 turaMta ja nIkaLavuM joIe' bImAronI zuzruSA e temanuM atyaMta priya kArya hatuM. dakSiNa AphrikAmAM pakSa boara yuddha ane glu baLavA vakhate temaNe ghAyalonI sevA-zuzruSA mATe ja TukaDI banAvelI. ane tyAMnI sevA saMsthAnI hospiTalamAM da22oja, potAnuM vakIlAtanuM kAma mUkIne ke anyane soMpIne jatA.

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du:khI thayo che ke thAya che teTalo bIjA daradothI nathI thato ke nathI temaNe kudaratI upacAra kendra zarU karyuM ane tyAM temaNe kudaratI thavAno.' daradano upAya to karavo ja paDe. gAMdhIjI paNa mAne che. upacAra pAchaLa raheluM rahasya lokone samajAvyuM. jema roganuM mULa 'daradano upAya levo e barAbara che paNa darada maTADavAne sAru davA kAraNa eka ja hoya che, tema te maTADavAno majabUta upAya paNa levI e phogaTa che. tethI ghaNI veLA nukasAna paNa thAya che.' roganAM eka ja hoya che.', 'saghaLI mAnasika ane zArIrika pIDAnuM eka kAraNo je hoya te paNa roga e bhItaranI kharAbInI nizAnI che. ja kAraNa hoya che. ane A eka kAraNa te ayogya AhAra, gAMdhIjI lakhe che. "mArA gharamAM kacaro hoya ane te DhAMkI dauM to vihAra, manovyApAra AdithI zarIra-manamAM viSadravyonuM saMcita tenI jevI asara thAya tevI davAnI che. kacaro DhAMku tethI kacaro thavuM. paMcamahAbhUto, rAma nAma, upavAsa, AhAra-saMyama AdithI saDIne mane ja hAnikAraka thavAno che. duHkha-darada pedA karI kudarata e viSa dravyono nikAla karavAno che jethI zArIrika-mAnasika ApaNane sUcave che ke ApaNA zarIramAM kacaro che.' ane vyaktie svAstha punaH prApta thAya. bImArInuM, bhale te zArIrika hoya ke prathama A kacaro dUra karavo joIe. gAMdhIjI lakhe che. kudarate mAnasika-kAraNa viSa dravyono saMcaya, ane svAsthanuM rahasya A zarIramAM ja kacaro dUra karavAnA rastA rAkhyA che, jyAre jyAre viSa dravyonuM visarjana. eTale gAMdhIjI kahe che. kudaratI upacAramAM darada thAya tyAre ApaNe samajavuM joIe ke ApaNA zarIramAM jIvana parivartananI vAta che. e kaMI vaidanuM paDIkuM levAnI ke kacaro hato te have kudarate kADhavAnuM zarU karyuM che... kacaro kADhavA IspitAlamAM jaIne davA levAnI vAta nathI.' mATI, pANI, kudarata AvI che, tene rasto ApavAno hoya, sAme thavAnuM na AkAza, teja ane vAyunA yogya upayogathI zarIranAM jhera kADhavAnAM hoya.' che ane zarIrane svastha karavAnuM che, kAraNa 'zarIra e mokSanuM kudaratI upacAra sAdhana che.' sahue svAthyapUrNa jIvavAnuM che. kudaratI upacAra e svayaM gAMdhIjIe eka patramAM saradAra paTelane lakheluM: 'hamaNAM svastha rahevAnI kaLA che, paddhati che. gAMdhIjI mATe te satyanI hiMdanA karoDo garIbone phAve evI kudaratI upacAranI paddhati che ane te mATenA satyanA prayogono ja eka mahattvano bhAga khIlavavAnA prayAsamAM huM rokAyo chuM. ane tene pRthvI, mATI, hato. kudaratI upacAra e sahaja upalabdha ahiMsaka upacAra AkAza, teja ane vAyu e paMca mahAbhUtomAMthI nIpaje evA paddhati che. ane satyanI prAptino rasto ahiMsaka jIvana paddhati koIka IlAja pUrato ja maryAdita rAkhavAnI mArI koziza che." che tevuM teo mAnatA. bIjI vAta, gAmaDAnA loko ane dezanI eka jagyAe lakhe che : 'kudaratI upacAra lenAra zarIramAMthI jhera garIbamAM garIba vyakti e gAMdhIjI mATe ArAdhya hatI. temaNe to kADhI nAkhI pharIvAra mAMdo na paDe evo prayatna kare che paNa tenuM chelle chelle eka IcchA paNa vyakta karelI ke : 'hiMda to dUra dUra madhyabiMdu to rAmanAma ja che.' kudaratI upacAraka eka zikSaka banI UMDANamAM AvelAM sAta lAkha gAmaDAmAM vase che, huM evA ekAda rahe, jethI pharIthI mAMdA na paDAya ane mAMdA paDAya to sAdA-ghareluM gAmaDAmAM jaIne vasavA IcchuM chuM. e ja sAcuM hiMda che, mAruM hiMda upAyothI svastha thavAya. che, jene mATe huM jIvuM chuM te hiMda che.' eTale AvA garIba lokone gAMdhIjIne mATe kudaratI upacAra e kevaLa upacAra na hotA paravaDe, sahaja upalabdha bane, saraLatAthI karI zake te upacAra temaNe kaheluM : kudaratI upacAranA mULamAM e vAta che ke mAnava yathocita, temaNe kaheluM: 'garIba loko AgaLa DigrIo dharAvanAra jIvavAnI Adarza racanA jaLavAI rahe.... alabatta e Adarza dAktarono tathA IspitAlanI saghaLI sAdhana sAmagrIno ThaThAro e racanAnuM madhyabiMdu to Izvara ja hoya.' eTale upacAra-sAravAra kAmano nathI, temane to sAdA kudaratI IlAjo ane rAmanAma e karatAM te jIvana jIvavAno eka rasto che. ja AdhAra che.' kudaratI upacAra e gAMdhIjIne mATe svarAja prAptinI jema ja - gAMdhIjInI daSTie kudaratI upacAra eTale paMcamahAbhUto, mahattvanuM kArya hatuM. dezane AjhAdI to maLaze ja, paNa te pachInuM rAmanAma, vyAyAma, vizrAma ane khorAka dvArA sAravAra. temaNe bhArata kevuM hoya te mATenA temanA prayatno hatA. jIvananuM temanuM lakhyuM che: mANasano deha pRthvI, pANI, AkAza, teja ane vAyuno je akhaMDa AdhyAtmika darzana hatuM tenI sAthe susaMgata vAta hatI. banelo che." AkhuMya vizva tenAthI baneluM che. "yathA piMDe, tathA pahelI sapTembara 1946nA harIjana baMdhumAM temaNe lakhelu: 'kudaratI brahmAMDe.' gAMdhIjI lakhe che. kudaratI upacAranuM zAstra mANasano upacArano sAra e che ke ApaNe svacchatAnA niyamo jANI laIne deha je tattvothI banelo che te ja pAMca tattvone roganI sAravAramAM pALIe ane yogya khorAka laIe, to ApaNe pote ApaNA upayogamAM levAnA pAyA para racAyeluM che. temanI dRSTie kudaratI dAktara banI gayA. je mANasa jIvavA mATe khAya che. paMcamahAbhUto upacAra eTale jIMdagI AcaravAno navo rasto.' uralIkAMcanamAM eTale ke mATI, pANI, AkAza, sUrya ane vAyuno mitra banIne oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (47

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ane temanA sarjanahAra prabhuno dAsa banIne rahe che, te bImAra nahIM paDe. ane paDe to paNa IzvaranA AdhAre rahI zAMtithI maraNane bheTaze. potAnA gAmanA khetaranI koI auSadhi maLI, to leze... Aje to ApaNane nathI cokhkhuM pANI maLatuM, nathI cokhkhI mATI maLatI, nathI cokhkhI havA maLatI. ApaNe sUryathI saMtAIne rahIe chIe. A badhAno vicAra karIe ane yogya khorAka yogya rIte laIe, to keTalAya yugonuM kAma thayuM samajjo.' 1946mAM teoe uparanA vicAro ApyA ane pachI kudaratI upacAra viSe satata vicAratA rahyA, aneka patromAM tenI vigata ApatA rahyA ane harijana baMdhu'mAM te viSe lekho lakhatA rahyA. khUba tIvratAthI temanA manamAM A vAta cAlatI hatI. 'kudaratI upacAranA mULamAM e vAta che ke temAM ochAmAM ochuM kharaca ane ochAmAM ochI dhamAla hoya. kudaratI upacArano Adarza e che ke pRthvI tattva eTale mATI. ApaNe tyAM kahevAya che 'zarIra e mATInuM putaLuM che. mATInuM kudaratI upacAramAM adakeruM sthAna che. vividha prakAranA mATInA upacAro temAM karavAmAM Ave che. gAMdhIjIne nAnapaNathI ja kabajIyAta rahetI ane te mATe phUTa solTa athavA koI DaoNkTaranI davA letA. pachI samajAyuM eTale niyamita rIte lAMbu cAlavAnuM zaru karyuM. daramiyAna eDolpha jusTanuM pustaka 'riTarna Tu necara' temanA vAMcavAmAM AvyuM, jemAM mATInA vividha upacAra, upacAra thaI zake evAM sAdhano banatAM sudhI gAmaDAmAM ja hovAMsa-vigata darzAvela. gAMdhIjIe prathama potAno kabajIyAta maTADavA joIe ane na hoya to pedA karI levAM joIe.' zAkabhAjI, phaLa, dUdha vagere vipula pramAlamAM gAmaDAmAM ja pedA thAya tevuM teo IcchatA hatA. gAmaDAnA sAcAM svAtaMtrya ane svAyattatA ke gAma svarAja e temanI sva-nirbharatAmAM che. teno prayoga zarU karyo. ThaMDA pANImAM mATI palALIne tene peTa-peDu para mUkatA ane tethI temane lAbha thayo. pachI to gumaDA para, viMchInA DaMkha para, dukhAvA para ane TAIphoIDamAM paNa mATInA prayoga parivAra ke AzramavAsIo para karyA. temAM mArTInI loparI teo mAnatAH 'bImArI mANasa mATe zaramanI vAta hovI joIe.' kAraNa ke 'bImArI koIpaNa doSanI sUcaka che. jenuM tana, mana sarvathA svastha che tene bImArI thavI na joIe.' ane A mUktA ke mATIno pATo bAMdhatA. 'ArogyanI cAvI' pustikAmAM temaNe potAnI kabajIyAtanI sAravAramAM mATInA upayoga viSe lakhyuM cheH 'A mATInI loparI 3 iMca pahoLI ane 6 iMca lAMbI, 6 bImArI eTale? 'vikArI vicAra paNa bImArInI ja nizAnI che.' temaNe 1946mAM ja lokamAnya TiLakanI puNyatithi prasaMge kaheluM: mArI kalpanA mujabanuM svarAja nirmAlra karavA mATe kudaratI upacAra e ghaNI mahatvanI vastu che. svarAja hAMsala karatAM pahelAM zarIranI, mananI ane AtmAnI ema trividha zuddhinI jarUra che.' mULa vAta gAMdhIjI kahe cheH 'darada thayA pachI maTADavAnA IlAjo karavA karatAM darada thAya ja nahIM te mahattvanuM che.' eTale teo mATe mahattvanuM che kudaratI jIvana, vyAyAma ane rAmanAma. teo bImArIne aparAdha mAnatA ane jo bImAra thavAya che to kudaratI tattvo dvArA sAjA thavAnI zarIranI zaktine ja ujAgara karI svastha thavAnuM che. bahArathI davA ke davAnA bATalA reDIne nahIM. potAnI jAte ja upacAro karIne. ja A mATI cokhkhI hovI joIe. teo lakhe che: 'cokhkhI lAla mATI, sahuthI sArI paNa te badhe na maLe to ciMtA nahIM. je maLe te cokhkhI hovI joIe. te mATI cIkaNI na hovI joIe tema cheka retALa paNa nahIM. mATI khAtaravALI na ja hovI joIe, kAMkarI na hovI joIe. tene 'jhINI cAraNImAM cALavI' ane jo sApha mATI na maLe to je maLe te mATIne zekavI, zekIne vAparavI paMcamahAbhUta ane te dvArA cikitsA Arogya viSe sAmAnya jJAna' pustakanA prAraMbhe temaNe lakhyuM cheH gAMdhIjIe potAnA Arogya viSayaka baMne pustakomAM mATI ane tenA upacAro viSe vigate lakhyuM che paNa temaNe salAha ane cetavaNI ApI ja cheH 'kevaLa mATI, pANI vagere bAhya upacAra karavAmAM Ave, paNa AhAra niyaMtraNa na hoya ne sAthosAtha vizrAma ane rAmanAma para dhyAna na apAya to, dardIne saMpUrNa lAbha na thAya. prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka pRthvI, pANI, AkAza, teja ne vAyu A paMcatatvanA khela jagata kahevAyuM jagata A pAMca tattvanuM baneluM che, kabIrajInAM prasiddha bhajanamAM Ave cheH 'paMcatattva guNa dinI cadariyAM....' zarIra paNa tenuM ja baneluM che. teo kahetAH 'ApaNe paMcamahAbhUtothI jeTalA dUra satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 4 8 jaIzuM, eTaluM gumAvIzuM.' roganuM kAraNa kudaratathI dUra javuM, Arogya prAptino upAya kudaratathI najIka AvavuM. roga eTale zArIrika ane mAnasika bannenuM asaMtulana, asvasthatA. Aje duniyAnA aneka dezomAM 'phoresTa padhdhati' pracalita thatI jAya che, jemAM vyaktie kudaratanI vacce ja rahevAnuM hoya che. 1. pRthvI bAjarAnA roTalAthI bamaNI jADI athavA aDadho iMca jADI muvI.... mAthuM dukhatuM hoya to mATInI loparI mUkavAthI ghaNo phAyado thayelo meM anubhavyo che. seMkaDonI upara A prayoga karyA che... vahetA phoDA para meM to mATI mukelI che.... sakhata tAvamAM mATIno upayoga peDu ne mAthA para karyo che... TAIphoIDamAM to meM mATIno bahoLo upayoga karyo che, te tAva to tenI mudate ja jAya mATIe hamezA dardIne zAMti ApI che.' oNkTobara- 2018

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2. pANI kudaratI upacAramAM mATInI jema ja jalopacAra ke jala cikitsAnuM UMcu sthAna che. gAMdhIjI kahe che: "ApaNAM zarIramAM 70 thI vadhAre TakA pANI che. uparAMta 'ApaNA badhA ja khorAkamAM ochuM vanuM pANI hoya che.' pANImAM paNa jIvanapradAnanI zakti che te tAjagI ane smRrti Ape tevo anubhava che ja. gAMdhIjIe khAsa karIne kaTi snAna, gharSaNa snAna, cAdara snAna ane enimAnA prayogo karelA. kaTi snAnamAM TabamAM kamara sudhI zarIra pANImAM DUbe e rIte besavAnuM - dhaDa ane paga pANInI bahAra rahe. bajIyAta, tAva, strIonA mAsika saMbaMdhI rogo Adi para gAMdhIjIe pANInA upacAro saphaLatAthI ajamAvyA hatA. kasturabA upara temaja parivArajano upara A prayogo karelA, jAta para to kharA ja. A upacAro mULe temane lUI kUttenA pustakamAMthI vizeSa rIte maLyA hatA. sannipAtamAM gherAyelA ane bevaDo nyumoniyA thaI gayo hato. tevA potAnA dIkarA maNilAlane temaNe cAdara snAna ApeluM cAdara snAnamAM khATalA para be-traNa garama dhAbaLA pAtharavA tenA para jADI sutarAI cAdara ThaMDA pANImAM boLI, khuba nIcovIne te dhAbaLA para pAtharavI ane tenA para-daradIne catto suvaDAvavo. tenuM mAthuM dhAbaLAthI bahAra ozikA para rahe tema rAkhavuM. mAthA upara bhIno nIcovelo TuvAla mUkavo, daradIne suvaDAvIne tarata dhAbaLAnA cheDA ne cAdara cotaraphathI upADIne lapeTavAM. hAtha, paga, AkhuM zarIra-moM sivAya, cAdaranI aMdara hoya, jethI bahArano pavana na jAya. eka-be miniTamAM ja garamI jaNAze ane daradIne sAruM lAgaze. hoya to? gAMdhIjI lakhe cheH 'ApaNe gUMgaLAIne marI jaIe.' teo samajAve cheH 'AkAza to ApaNI pAsethI ja zarU thAya che, eTaluM ja nahIM te ApaNI aMdara paNa che ane te anaMta che.' dareka vastunI bhIDabhADa roga pedA kare che, bhale te pachI vicAronI hoya ke sAdhanonI hoya, temAMthI mukti meLavavI. jarUriyAta jeTaluM ja rAkhavuM. e AkAzano Arogya jALavavAmAM upayoga karavAno che. gAMdhIjI lakhe cheH 'e sudUra ane adUra tattvanI vacce ne ApaNI vacce kaMI ja AvaraNa na AvavA daIe.' ane teo tyAM sudhI kahe che keH "ApaNe zarIrano aMtarAya paNa na joIe. eTale ke zarIra rahe ke jAya tene vize taTastha rahIe ane jo ema manane keLavI zakIe to zarIrane bhoganI vastu to kadI na banAvIe, teno sadupayoga sevA sAru, Izvarane oLakhavA sAru, tenA jagatane jANavA sAru' tenA sAthe aikya sAdhavA sAru kare che.' avakAzanI aMtima pariNatinI vAta temaNe kyAM pahoMcADI! paNa ghara ke vastra vinA cAlavAnuM nathI, chatAM zakya teTaluM 'ApaNe dharabAra, vastrAdikanAM upayogamAM puSkaLa avakAza rAkhIe" tema gAMdhIjI lakhe che. gharamAM rAcaracIluM, kiMmatI jAjamo, sAdhano saMkaLAza vadhAre eTale temaNe jIvanamAM sAdAInI vAta karI che, saMtoSanI vAta karI. emaNe lakhyuM: 'jeNe AkAzanI sAthe saMbaMdha bAMdhyo che tene kaMI nathI ne badhuM che.' 3. AkAza AkAza eTale avakAza-mokaLAza-khAlI jagyA. je ApaNI Asa-pAsa cotarapha che. ApaNAM jIvanamAM AkAza tattvanuM sevana ochuM thAya che. gAMdhIjI lakhe che: "AkAzano jJAnapUrvaka upayoga ApaNe ochAmAM ocho karIe chIe.' jo AkAza-avakAza na gAMdhIjI lakhe che: "jema e saMbaMdha vadhato gayo tema mAruM Arogya vadhatuM gayuM, mArI zAMti vadhI, saMtoSa vadhyo ne dhanecchA sAva moLI paDI.' avakAzanI vAtane ja pachI teo AgaLa laI jAya che ane lakhe che: "jema ApaNI Asa-pAsa AkAza che tema ja ApaNI aMdara che, cAmaDImAM rahelA eka-eka chidramAM, be chidronI vacce jyAM jagyA che tyAM AkAza che. e AkAza-avakAzane ApaNe bharI mUkavAno prayatna na karIe tethI ApaNe ApaNo Azcara jeTalo joIe teTalo ja laIe to zarIramAM mo kaLAza A uparAMta gAMdhIjIe pANInA upacAro zItaLA, achabaDA, khaMjavALa, dhAdhara, zILasa, maleriyA, TAIphoIDa Adi upara saphaLatApUrvaka karyA hatA. duHkhatA bhAga para pANInAM potAM mUkavAM. ke garama-ThaMDA pANInA zeka ApavA teno upayoga Aje paNa thAya che. paNa mATInA upacAra hoya, pANInA hoya ke anya hoya,rahyA kare.' zarIramAM mokaLAza hoya to ja badhI kriyAo, zvAsocchavAsa, raktabhramaNa, pAcana, maLa visarjana Adi barAbara cAle. vyaktie khAlI thavuM ane khAlI rahevuM e moTI kaLA che. nisargopacAranAM badhAM pAsAMthI ja, sarvAMgIya sAravArathI ja roga nivAraNa thAya che. kevaLa koI eka upacAra paranA avalaMbanathI cikitsA nathI thatI. pANInI roga nivAraka ziktano anubhava ApaNI sAMskRtika paraMparAmAM paNa hato ja. pRthvI mAtA ane ja devatA pAse svAsthyanI madada mAMgavAmAM AvatI ja. kudaratI upacAramAM jenuM agatyanuM sthAna che te 'upavAsa cikitsA" e paNa AkAza tattvanI ja upAsanA che. teo upavAsanA niSNAMta hatA ane Arogya temaja adhyAtma mATe temaNe tenA phaLadAyI akhatarA karelA ane satyAgrahanuM eka baLakaTa zastra paNa tene banAveluM. upavAsa cikitsA paNa kudaratI upacArano atyaMta mahattvano bhAga che. tenuM eka zAstra che. te aMge deza ane paradezamAM paNa ghaNuM lakhAyuM che. Ayurvede paNa baMdhanuM parama auSadhaM kaheluM che. oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 49

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4. teja-prakAza-agni jema AkAzAdi tattvo mahatvanAM che tema prakAza paNa eTalo ja mahattvano che. prakAza eTale sUrya. gAMdhIjI lakhe cheH prakAza vinA manuSyano nirvAha thaI zake nahIM ane prakAza mAtra sUryanI pAsethI maLe che, sUrya na hoya to na garamI hoya, na prakAza hoya. A prakAzano ApaNe pUro upayoga nathI karatA, tethI pUruM Arogya nathI bhogavatA.' sUryakiraNa cikitsA, A Atapasevana vividha rogomAM upayogI bane che. na eTale gAMdhIjIe jaLa snAnanI jema sUryasnAnanI vAta karI che. 'nabaLo mANasa jenuM lohI uDI gayuM che, te jo savArano taDako nagna dazAmAM le, to tenI phIkAza ane nabaLAI jaze ane hojarI maMda haze to te jAata thaze, " teo sUrya snAna viSe lakhe cheH 'A snAna savAramAM tApa bahu na caDayo hoya tyAre levAnuM che.' jarUra lAge to kapaDuM oDhIne besAya ke suvAya. temaNe sUrya snAnanI bhalAmaNa kSayanA daradIo mATe khAsa karI hatI ane kSayanA dardIonI sAravAra paNa temaNe karI hatI. uparAMta gUmaDA, je rUjhAtAM na hoya tyAM paNa bhalAmaNa karI che. gAMdhIjIe daradIone agiyAra vAgyAnA baLatA tApamAM paNa suvADyA che! paNa AvA tApamAM suvAne sAru daradIne mAthe mATIno pATo mUkavA joIe, mAthe sakhata taDako na levo joIe.' ApaNA dezamAM to moTA bhAgamAM sUrya snAnano lAbha laI zakAya tema che. udharasa, dama, lakavA, hADakAMnA rogo vagere aneka darado mATe sUryanAM kiraNo akasIra mAluma paDayAM che. Aje zaherI jIvana ane tenAM makAnomAM sUrya sevanano lAbha maLato ja nathI. saMkaDAzavALAM gharo ane temAM prakAzano abhAva-AvI sthitimAM zvAsanA, cAmaDInA rogo na thAya to ja navAI. 5. havA-vAyu gAMdhIjIe lakhyuM cheH "zarIrane traNa prakArano khorAka joIehavA, pANI ane anna,' anna vinA dhoDA divasa jIvita rahI zakAya, pANI vinA paNa thoDA kalAko ke divaso kADhI zakAya, paNa havA vinA cAle nahIM. teoe lakhyuM che: sekarDa navANuM TakA uparAMta mAMdagInuM kAraNa te kharAba havA che." "zuddha prANavAyuno abhAva mAMdagI lAve che. vAyu ane prakAzane ApaNe baMdha karI Arogyane jokhamamAM nAkhIe chIe. zarIramAM sauthI vadhAre agatyanI vastu havA che ane tethI kudarate havAne vyApaka banAvI che.' UMDA zvAsocchavAsa levA, khullI havAmAM sUvuM, moDhethI zvAsa na levA, gharamAM bArIo khullI rAkhIne sUvuM, sUtI vakhate moDhuM DhAMkavuM nahIM tema gAMdhIjIe samajAvyuM che. ApaNane havAne phephsAmAM bharatAM ne kADhatAM barobara AvaDatuM nathI tethI joIe tevI raktanI zuddhi thatI nathI. gAMdhIjIe temanA sAthIdAro ane AzramavAsIone satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 50 UMDA zvAsa levA ane anuloma-viloma prANAyAmanI paNa salAha ApI che. A paMcamahAbhUta e kudaratI upacAranA, svastha jIvananI buniyAda che. khorAka gAMdhIjae khorAka viSe jeTaluM vicAryuM che, jAte tenA prayogo karyA che ane tAraNo kADhyAM che te eka pustaka bane teTaluM che. teoe lakhyuM cheH "khorAka mAtra auSadha samajIne khAo.' temano potAno AhAra parano saMyama adbhuta hato. IMgleMDanA abhyAsakALa daramiyAna temaNe keTalAka prayogo karelA, paNa dakSiNa AphrikAmAM to atyaMta Agraha pUrvaka pote prayogo ane khorAkamAM pheraphAro karyA. kasturabAnI mAMdagI vakhate kaThoLa ane mIThuM choDelAM, te pachI cAlu ja rahyuM. zramika sivAyanAne kaThoLa mATe manAI karatA. temanA Azrama vAsIoe lakhyuM cheH "khAvA-pIvAnA saMyama viSe bApu bahu Agraha rAkhatA.' ekAdaza romAM 'asvAdanuM vrata' temanI jIvana sAdhanAno bhAga hatuM. 'asvAda' ke sAdo bAphelo AhAra brahmacaryanA bhAga rUpe paNa hato. mIThuM, maracuM, masAlA vinAnAM kevaLa bAphelA ja zAka-dALa AzramamAM banatAM, prabhAvatIbahenane eka patramAM lakhe cheH meM hamaNAM munakkA ane khajUra paNa choDyAM che. ne tene badale bApheluM zAka lauM chuM. temAM ghaNA bhAge ratALu ane vagara rAMdhelAM TamATAM tathA roja koI lIlotarI jema ke kobI hoya che.' gAMdhIjI ati AhArane pApa mAnatA, anaitika mAnatA. kahetAH 'mitAhArI bano' ane pachI kahetAH 'bhUlathI vadhAre khavAI jAya tenA karatAM e sAruM ke bhUlathI ochuM khavAI jAya. kama khAnA aura gama khAnA.' nisargopacAranuM eka agatyanuM aMga yuktAhAra-saMtulita AhAra che. gAMdhIjIe A viSe puSkaLa ciMtana karyu hatuM. temaNe buddhijIvIne rojano khorAka sAmAnyataH nIce mujaba kahyo che; pa grAma jeTaluM gAyanuM dUdha (dUdha, dahIM, chAsa), 150 grAma anAja jemAM cokhA, ghauM, bAjarI vagere AvI jAya, 100 JAma pAMdaDAvALuM zAka ane eTaluM ja bIjuM zAka, 30 grAma kAcuM zAka-salADa, 30 Ama ghI athavA 40 Ama mAkhaNa, 30 ma goLa ke sAkara (khAMDa nahIM), tAjAM phaLa ruci mujaba ane dararoja be khATAM lIMbu. ATaluM divasa daramiyAna levuM joIe. dUdha maLI rahe to dALa na levI tevuM kahetA. grAma gAya-bheMsa parano julama joIne temaNe dUdha baMdha kareluM, paNa pachI svAsthya mATe jarUrI lAgatAM bakarInuM dUdha levAnuM zarU karyuM. sAmAnyataH teo dUdha athavA dahIM-chAzanI bhalAmaNa karatA. temaNe lakhyuM cheH dUdhanA doSo ane jokhamo vize mArA vicAro jevA ne tevA che, chatAM mane lAge che ke e sarve doSo ane jokhamo veThIne paNa hiMdustAnanA loko mATe dUdha e anivArya khorAka che." paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka oNkTobara- 2018

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kyAre khAvuM, keTaluM khAvuM, zuM khAvuM e viSe gAMdhIjae khuba ja UMDANathI vicAryuM che. 'sahu prajAonI rIto judI che paNa mULa vAta che, mANasa khAvAne sAru janmyo nathI ane khAvAne sAru jIvato nathI. te janmyo che "potAnA kartAnI pahecAna karavA ane te sAru jave che.' ane 'e pahecAna zarIra nibhAvyAM vinA thatI nathI, tethI khorAka levAnI pharaja che.' pazu-paMkhI mAMdAM nathI paDatAM kAraNa ke 'jyAre bhUkha lAge tyAre ja ane teTaluM ja khAya che.' paNa mANasane nasIbe mAMdagI che kAraNa ke te atyAhAra, asaMtulita AhAra kare che. temaNe lakhyuM cheH 'kayo AhAra levo, e vize vicAratAM, kayo na levo e paNa vicAravuM. cA, bIDI, tamAku, bhAMga, kophI, koko, masAlA, mIThuM, khAMDa A badhAM tyAga karavA lAyaka che.' mAMsAhAra e mANasa mATe anukULa nathI. 'zarIranI racanA jotAM ema jaNAya che ke, kudarate mANasane vanaspati khAnAro banAvyo che. kevaLa phaLAhArathI paNa jIvI zakAya, svastha rahI zakAya tema teoe anubhavathI kaheluM. temaNe lakhyuM che : mArAM jeTalAM phaLa bhAgye ja koIe khAdhAM haze! cha varSa to kevaLa phaLa para ja rahelo.' ane je vanaspati pakAvyA vinA na khAI zakAya te ApaNI hoI na zake tema temaNe lakhyuM che. sAmAnyataH be TAImathI vadhAre khAvAnI jarUra nathI. majUrI karanArane vadhAre joIe. paNa khorAkane khUba cAvIne khAvo. teo bhojanamAM ThIka-ThIka samaya letA. khUba ja nirAMte jamatA tethI ochA khorAkathI cAlI jatuM. Aje 'ApaNuM peTa e ApaNuM pAyakhAnuM banyuM che! ane pAyakhAnAnI peTI ApaNe ApaNI sAthe rAkhIne pharIe chIe.' aThavADiye eka upavAsa ke kevaLa phLa para rahevuM tema kahetA. khorAka viSenA gAMdhIjInA vicAro mATe 'Arogya vize sAmAnya jJAna', ArogyanI cAvI' uparAMta "ApaNo khorAkano prazna' mahatvanAM pustako che. kudaratI upacAramAM AhAra vijJAna jANavuM te AhAra cikitsAnI buniyAda che. moTA bhAganA rogo AhAra parivartanathI maTI zake che tema teo kahetA. teo divasamAM pAMca ja vastuo letA. rAmanAma prArthanA 'rAmanAma' e gAMdhIjInI dRSTie kudaratI upacAranA kendramAM che ane rAmanAma ne teo 'Adhi, vyAdhi, upAdhino rAmabANa IlAja' mAnatA. kudaratI upacAra ane rAmanAmanI temanI philasUphImAMthI ja 125 varasa jIvavAno temano siddhAMta udbhavelo. rAmanAma temane bALapaNathI ja priya hatuM ane pachI to kevuM prANapriya banI rahyuM ke mRtyu vakhatano chello udgAra paNa te ja hato. rAmanAmanuM temane mana uMcuM AdhyAtmika mahattva hatuM, paNa kevaLa kudaratI upacAranA saMdarbhamAM ja vicArIe to temaNe kahelu: 'rAmanAma e kudaratI upacAranA zastrAgAramAM sauthI amogha zastra oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI che.' paNa A rAmanAma e koI jAduToNA nathI. jeNe khAI khAIne peTa bagADayuM che, tenA mATe rAmanAma bekAra che.' kabajIyAta mATeno IlAja upavAsa che rAmanAma te pachI.' mULa bhale 'vyAdhi aneka che, vaidya aneka che, upacAra aneka che. paNa vyAdhine eka ja gaNIe to tene maTADanAro vaida eka rAma ja che.' gAMdhIjIno rAma koNa te temanA 'rAmanAma' nAmanI suMdaranAnI pustikAmAMthI maLe che. TUMkamAM 'rAma yAne paramAtmA, te sadAya jIvita che, ane sahuthI moTo cikitsaka che, tenI zaraNa ApaNe levI joIe.' vyakti AvA rAmanAmanI zaraNa nathI leto ane maraNadharmA che tevA vaida-DaoNkTaranI zaraNa le che tenuM temane duHkha hatuM. rAmanAma e vaida-DaoNkTaranA IlAja kAma na lAge pachI levAnI vastu nathI. te ja prAraMbhe che ane aMte che. kAraNa ke 'rAmanAmanuM' amRta AtmAne AnaMda ApanAruM che ane dehanA A rogo haranAruM che. eTale rAmanAma' uparAMta jeTaluM thAya te kudaratanI virUddha che. gAMdhIjI kahetAH 'kudaratanA kAnunano bhaMga karavAne kAraNe ja badhA rogo thAya che. ane kudaratanA kAnUnonuM pAlana karavuM e Arogya prAptino rAjamArga che.' anAsakta thaIne karyA karavuM ane dIrdhAyuM jIvananI IcchA sevavI. manuSya jIvana bhoga sAru nathI paNa sevAne sAru che tema teo mAnatA. 'rAmanAmano nAda hradayamAMthI uThavo joIe ane Izvara paranI jIvaMta zraddhA hovI joIe.' A rAmanAma Arogya mATe kevI rIte kAma lAge? vastutaH rAmanAma eTale zarIra-mananI zAMti, haLavAza, saMtulitatA. A haLavAza ane saraLatA e rogono mukhya upacAra che. rogonuM nivAraNa jIvanI zaktithI thAya che. ane A jIvanI zaktino saMcaya rAmanAmathI zakya bane. temaNe lakhyuM che; 'aMtarathI samajapUrvaka rAmanAma levuM e sarva prakAranI vyAdhiono IlAja che." temaNe to cheka tyAM sudhI kahyuM: 'rAmanAma uparAMta jeTaluM karAya te nisarganI ke kudaratanI virUddha che.' paNa 'rAmanAmano IlAja pUro asarakAraka banAvavA keTalIka zarato pALavAnI rahe che, te mATe mANase yogya yuktAhAra athavA mitAhAra levo joIe, pUratI UMgha levI joIe ane krodhane vaza na thavuM joIe. uparAMta mANase kudarata sAthe pUro meLa sAdhI tenA niyamonuM pAlana karavuM joIe.' teo kahetAH 'jene rAmanAmano ItabAra che te game te upAye potAnI AvaradA laMbAvavA khAtara eka nAmAMkita DaoNkTarane bAraNethI bIjAne ke eka vaidane tyAMthI bIjAne tyAM dhakkA nahIM khAya.' 'rAmanAmanA rAmabANa IlAja upara bharoso rAkhanArane sAra te pahelo temaja chello IlAja che.' 'rAmanAmathI khaMDita thayeluM aMga pAchuM ugI na zake, paNa rAmanAma tenA svIkAranI ane aMdaranI vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 51

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zAMtinI tAkAta Ape.' upavAsa vakhate to teo khAsa rAmanAma ke prArthanAmaya rahetA. teo kahetAH "prArthanAthI upavAsa sahelo thAya che ane haLavo thAya che.' ekabAjuthI tamArA zarIramAM davAnA bATalA reDyA karo ne bIjI bAjuthI rAmanAma babaDyA karo e phArasa jevuM thAya. rAmanAma daradane maTADe che, mANasane te zuddha kare che ane tene UMce caDAve che. gAMdhIjIe potAnA hajAro patromAM rAmanAmano mahimA to gAyo che, svAsthya mATe paNa tene anivArya darzAvyuM che, lakhyuM cheH 'rAmanAma jevI koI auSidha nathI.' paMcamahAbhuta, AhAra, rAmanAma uparAMta gAMdhIjI kasarata, vyAyAma ane vizrAma para paNa bhAra mUkatA. mANasa jAtane jeTalI jarUra havA, pANI ane anAjanI che teTalI ja kasaratanI che." 'kasarata vinA svastha na rahI zakAya." kasarata eTale zArIrika zrama ja nahI, alabata gAMdhIjI sahue zArIrika zrama karavo joIe tema mAnatA, paNa sAthe sahue bauddhika zrama paNa karavo joIe tema kahetA. 'kasarata zarIrane temaja manane baMnene joIe.' kheDUta athavA je mahenata kare che temane zArIrika kasarata karavAnI jarUra nathI paNa mAnasika zrama-vAMcana, sarjana Adi karavuM joIe. cAlavAnI kasaratane teo uttama mAnatA. dakSiNa AphrikAmAM to teo khUba jhaDapathI ane lAMbuM cAlatA. rojanA 50 thI 60 kilomITara! be mAIla cAlavAne cAlavuM na kahevAya, dasa-bAra mAIla cAlo to ja lAbha maLe.' 3 jUna 1934nA kamalanayana bajAja paranA patramAM temaNe keTalIka zIkha ApI che, temAMthI eka cheH 'abhyAsa dhyAnathI karaje' ane pachI lakhe che 'kasarata jarUra karaje' ane 'mitAhArI raheje' vyakti sAjI thaI jAya!' temaNe A vAta vahetI aTakAvI paNa temanA A jAduI sparzanI vAta ghaNAe lakhI che. dakSiNa AphrikAmAM paNa 'boara yuddha' ane 'jhuluM baLavA' vakhate teo temanI zuzruSA TukaDImAM rahelA. urulIkAMcanamAM 1946nA mArcanA chellA aThavADiyAmAM teo dasa-agiyAra divasa rahyA ane dararoja daradIone joyA ne sAravAra ApI-sUcavI. bIje divase savArathI ja daradIo AvavA lAgyA. pahele divase 30 daradI AvyA ane darekane upacAra sUcavyA. rAmanAmano jaya, sUrya snAna, gharSaNa ane kaTisnAna, dUdha, chAza tathA phaLa ke phaLanA rasa ane ThIka ThIka pramANamAM tAje svaccha pANI pIvAnI bhalAmaNa karI. cikitsaka gAMdhI mAMdAnI sAravAra e gAMdhIjI mATe atyaMta AnaMdano ane rasano viSaya hato. bhalabhaluM kAma, agatyanI miTIMga vaccethI paNa UbhA thaIne niyata samaye jarUrI sAravAra mATe daradI pAse pahoMcI jatA ane atyaMta premathI sAravAra karatA. dakSiNa AphrikAmAM ane sevAgrAmamAM paNa kahevAtuM ke 'gAMdhIno hAtha aDe eTale 52 satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha paNa gAMdhIjI game tyAM hoya temanuM mana temanA daradIomAM ja lAgeluM rahetuM. paracura zAstrI sevAzrama AvyA to koMgresa mahAsabhAnI agatyanI kArobArI miTIMga vaccethI temanI sAravAra karI AvyA! netAoe kahyuM 'tamArA mArgadarzananI jarUra che, rokAI jAo.' to temaNe kahyuM 'meM temane A samaya Apyo che, mAre javuM paDaze.' ane pachI kahe "mArA daradIonI sAravAra e mAre mATe svarAja jeTaluM ja agatyanuM che!' daradIone jarUra paDye jAte spaMja Ape, mAliza kare, enimA Ape ane jarUrI sUcanAo Ape. teo AzramamAM na hoya to potAnAM daradIo mATe jarUrI saghaLI vyavasthA karIne jAya ane jyAM hoya tyAMthI patra dvArA ke anya rIte daradIonA AhAra vihAra temaja sAravAranI sUcanAo karatA rahe. uparAMta daradIonI sthitinI vigato maMgAve. daradIonI kALajI levAmAM teo jarApaNa kaMTALatA nahIM. pratyeka daradInI jhINAmAM jhINI tapAsa kare-zuM khAya che? UMgha AvI hatI? jhADo-pezAba kaivA keTalA thayA? teo daradIno jhADo-pezAba vyAyAmanI jema ja vizrAma, UMgha jarUrI che. gAMdhIjI satata-jAte sakhata kAma karatA patra vacce thoDo vizrAma laI letA. UMgha para to temano adabhuta kAbU hato. tenA aneka prasaMgo che, ane temanI ArogyanI eka cAvI 'hAsya', 'vinoda'mAM hatI, ahIM tenI vAta atyAre nathI karavI, paNa temanA viSenuM vAMcatAM temanuM vinodI vyaktitva, haLavAza, ramUjavRttinA prasaMgo maLI raheze. jelamAM ane jela bahAra paNa ane teo kahetAH 'vinodathI ja mAruM blaDa prezara huM kAbUmAM rAkhuM chuM!' tapAsatA paNa kharA. alabata jarUra hoya to DaoNkTara pAse daradIne mokalatA ane DaoNkTarane bolAvatA paNa kharA. gAMdhIjanI sAravAranA pAra vinAnA prasaMgo che. sthAnAbhAve te ahIM mUkavA muzkela che. dakSiNa AphrikAmAM, tathA phiniksa vasAhatamAM ke TolsaToya phArmamAM, sAbaramatI Azrama, sevAgrAma ke pravAsamAM - badhe ja daradInI kALajI kaMTALyA vagara temaNe karI che. 1946thI temanI noAkhalInI yAtrA daramiyAna, tyAM badhAM ja davAkhAnAM lUMTI levAyelAM athavA teno nAza karAyelo. gAMdhIjI gAme gAma jAya tyAM dAktara banI jAya. loko temanA 'darda nivAraka jAduI sparza'nI vAta karavA lAgyA hatA. saradAra paTela, ghanazyAmadAsa bIralA, jamanAlAlajI bajAja, vAIsaroyathI mAMDI gaMgAbahena, prabhAvatIbahena, kAkA sAheba, kizoralAlabhAI ane adanAmAM adanA grAmINane temaNe patro dvArA ke pratyakSa kudaratI upacArothI sAravAra ApI che. davA nahIM oNkTobara- 2018 jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka

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paNa sAravAra-kudaratI upacAra. temanA khorAkanA prayogo dvArA grAmINa janatA mATe teo koI cikitsAnI zodhamAM hatA ane te ane jAta para tema ja anya para prayogo karIne, amala karIne mATe kudaratI upacAra temane zreSTha lAgyA. kudaratI upacAraka mULe siddhi meLavI hatI. A saMdarbhe temanA dIkarA harilAla, maNilAla, upacAraka karatAM zikSaka vadhAre che. kudaratI upacAranI temanI patnI kastubA ane AzramavAsIonA aneka prasaMgo che. vyAkhyA vyApaka hatI, e jIvana jIvavAnI kaLA hatI. temaNe samApana lakheluM- kudaratI upacAranI mArI vyAkhyA pramANe kudaratI upacAra, gAMdhIjInuM Arogya ciMtana eka vistRta lakhANa mAMgI le tevo grAmoddhAra ane AzramI jIvana padhdhati maLIne eka akhaMDa ane viSaya che. kudaratI upacAra ane rAmanAma paranI daDha zraddhA, chatAM samagra vastu bane che. sarvAgINa grAmodhdhara e kudaratI upacAranI jarUra paDI tyAM temaNe elopethI davA lIdhI che ane apAvI che. parAkASThA che ane AzramanI jIvanapaddhati vinA gAmaDAMo mATenI epenDisAITisanuM temaNe oparezana karAveluM. teno vyApaka virodha kudaratI upacAranI huM kalpanA karI zakato nathI.' eTale 'kudaratI thayelo ane te potAnI bhUla hatI tema svIkAreluM. upacAra ke saphaLa thavAne sAru gAmaDAmAM ja rahevuM joIe.' jIvananA pratyeka kSetramAM teo prayogavIra rahyA, prayogazIlA gAMdhI prabodhyA kudaratI upacAranA zAstramAM hajI ghaNuM kheDavAnuM rahyA. paNa teo spaSTa hatA ke roga maTADanAra to kevaLa paramAtmA bAkI che. pUrI pratibaddhatA-zraddhA ane laganathI haju anusaMdhAnache. cikitsaka vyAdhine haranAra nathI. paNa daradImAM sabhAnatA saMzodhana karavAnuM che. davAvAdano ke Adhunika cikitsA paddhatino lAvI tenI zakti jagADavAnuM kAma karI zake. roga to kudarata ke vikalpa kudaratI upacAra che tema na kahevAya paNa te roganI jaDa Izvara ja maTADe che. temaNe samajAvyuM ke : 'kudaratI upacAranI mArI sudhI jAya che, mULabhUta rIte vicAre che ane sAmAnyataH badhA paddhati ane upacAranI bIjI paddhatio vacce A taphAvata che. daradonuM A IlAjamAM sthAna che. kevaLa AjanA cikitsA vijJAnanI upacAranI bIjI paddhatio dardIne potAnuM darada maTADavA mATe davA jema tenuM vyApArIkaraNa na thaI jAya tevI kALajI levI ane levAne dAktara pAse jAya che ane roganAM lakSaNomAM rAhata maLe gAMdhIjI IcchatA hatA tema sthAnike jagyAethI sastA, saraLa, eTale dAktaranuM kAma purU thAya che. jyAre kudaratI upacAra karanAra sulabha upacArothI Arogya prApta thAya tema karavuM. mANasa roga nivAraNanA upacAra 'vecato nathI, te daradIne jIvana gAMdhIjInI sArdha zatAbdi zarU thaI che, tyAre temanA Arogya jIvavAnI sAcI rIta batAve che. bhaviSyamAM bImAra paDato paNa ciMtanane samajIe, upayogamAM laIe ane jIvananA mULabhUta ugArI le che. dAktarane moTe bhAge roganA abhyAsamAM rasa hoya hetu-sevA dvArA 'Atma darzana' prati AgaLa vadhIe te ja A che. kudaratI upacArakone ArogyanA abhyAsamAM rasa hoya che. mahApuruSane sAcI zraddhAMjali ApI gaNAze. sAmAnyataH dAktarano rasa jyAM pUro thAya che tyAMthI kudaratI upacArano kharo rasa zarU thAya che. kudaratI upacAra e jIvana paddhati che, 'svajana' jIvanakendra, katIrA I, upacAra paddhati nathI.' torala gArDana pachI, muMdrA rIlokezana sAITa, gaMgAbahenane eka patramAM lakheluH "roganI jaDa aMdara che.' bhUja (kaccha), 370007. teo roganI jaDa pakaDI letA ane pachI upacAra karatA. bhAratanI phona naM. 0283ra-ra3/143 chatAM mahAvIra ane gAMdhImAM phera paNa che. mahAvIrano paMtha vyaktigata mokSano, saMsAratyAgano dharma che. temAM lokasaMgrahanI pravRtti karatAM nivRtti vadhAre che. gAMdhI karmayogI hatA. saMsAramAM rahIne lokakalyANanI pravRttine temaNe mokSamArga mAnyo. gAMdhIe ahiMsAne ghaNI vyApaka banAvI. ahiMsaka samAjanI racanA karavAnI hAma bhIDI, mahAvIranA dharmamAM upasargo sahana karavAnuM che. gAMdhIe ahiMsaka mArge, asahakAra ane satyAgrahathI, anyAyanA pratikAranI navI rIta duniyAne batAvI. anAsakta karmayogamAM ahiMsAne madhyabiMdumAM mUkanAra gAMdhI prathama mahApuruSa che. gItAmAM paNa eTalI ahiMsA nathI. gAMdhImAM gItAno karmayoga ane mahAvIranI ahiMsAno samanvaya che. - cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha, (5 3

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ciMtaka-mImAMsaka gAMdhIjI jayendra dave ema.eDa., pIeca.DI. saMskRta sAhityAcArya, hindI sAhityaratna, zikSaNazAstranA vyutpanna vidvAna, pUrva prophesara ane adhyakSa, zikSaNazAstra vibhAga, saradAra paTela yunivarsiTI, vallabha vidyAnagara, ekatALIsa varSano adhyApanano anubhava. zikSaNa ane keLavaNI vizenA dasa pustakonA lekhaka. saMskRta bhASAmAMthI ATha mahattvanA graMthonA anuvAdaka ane caMdrako, sanmAno ane evorDajhathI vibhUSita. sAmAnya rIte koI paNa cintakanA cittanano mULa srota prAraMbha temanI ekatAnI vibhAvanAthI thayo. garIbI, ajJAnatA teno potAno jAtaanubhava tathA tenA pUrvavata jJAnanuM teNe kareluM ane aMdhazraddhAne kAraNe potAnuM 'svatva' gumAvI beThelA manuSyanI vizleSaNa hoya che. mahAtmAjInI bAbatamAM paNa A tathya eTaluM cetanAne jAgRta karavA sivAya bIjo kazo ja Aro nathI. pote ja sAcuM che. gAMdhIjInA jIvananI prakriyA, prAraMbhamAM joyuM che tema, garIba che, ajJAna che. parataMtra che enI jyAM sudhI mANasane mohanamAMthI mahAtmA banavAnI prakriyA hatI, eTale ke emaNe pratIti na thAya tyAM sudhI svAtaMtrya zakya nathI, e gAMdhIjInuM potAnA jIvananA anubhavamAMthI, potAnI vikAsa prakriyAmAMthI prAthamika cintana che. tethI ja to bhAratIya samAjamAM jIvatAM potAnuM cintana nIpajAvyuM hatuM. manuSyonI cetanAne jAgRta karavA mATe emaNe 'ekatAno khyAla tattvamImAMsA : rajU karyo. teo kahe che : 'advaitamAM mAnuM chuM.' yathA piMDe tathA tattvamImAMsA eTale je te cittanadhArA (ism) yA cintakanI brahmAMDe' e nyAye mANasa mAtramAM balka jIva mAtramAM eka ja jIva. jagata ane Izvara vizenI mAnyatAo. tattvajJAna ane AtmA vyApI rahyo che ema huM mAnuM chuM.'' bhAratIya tattvajJAnanI savizeSa keLavaNInA tattvajJAnanA vidyArthI mATe gAMdhIjInA cittanano A prAcIna mAnyatAnuM sAmAjika stare arthaghaTana karatAM teo kahe svIkRta evA tAttvika pratimAno (Philosophical models) nA che : ''huM IzvaranI ane tethI mAnavajAtanI saMpUrNa ekatAmAM mAnuM stare apacaya (reduce) karavAnuM ghaNuM kaparuM che. e to dekhItuM ja chuM. ApaNe zarIre bhale asaMkhya hoIe, ghaTaghaTamAM vyApI rahelo che ke temaNe tattvajJAnanI koI zAstrIya tAlIma lIdhI na hatI. eka ja AtmA sUtra rUpe sau koImAM virAjI rahyo che. eka ja temane mana sarvezvaravAda (Pantheism) ane IzvaravAda (theism)nI sUryanAM kiraNo parAvartana pAmI, asaMkhya bane che. ane chatAM vacce bheda pADavAnuM bahu jarUrI na hatuM. temanI AstikatA jyAM badhAnuM ugamasthAna eka ja che.'' UMcanIca, garIba-tavaMgara ane eka bAju nirdiSTa prabhAvothI ghaDAI hatI, tyAM bIjI bAju te pUrve kahyuM che tema bhaNelA ane abhaNanI sAmAjika asamAnatAmAMthI temanA bhAratIya manuSya ane samAjanA jAta anubhava ane avalokana samAnatA UbhI karavAno IrAdo mahAtmAjInA cintaka jIvananI para AdhArita hatI. AphrikAmAM svayaM raMgabhedano bhoga thaI paDayA moTAmAM moTI lAkSaNikatA che. mahAtmAjInI daSTie A jagata pachI emanA cittamAM je sarjanAtmaka vicAra kotarAyo hato te parivartanazIla che. parivartananI prakriyAmAM mAtra Izvara ja potAnA Avo hato : gADImAMthI-prathamavargamAMthI bahAra kADhI mukAtAM huM je asala svarUpe TakI rahe che. gAMdhIjInA kahevA pramANe ApaNI rIte apamAnita thAUM che te rIte bhAratanA asaMkhya loko apamAnita AsapAsanuM jagata haMmezAM palaTAyA kare che, nAza pAme che; chatAMya nahi thatAM hoya? bhAratamAM to sadIothI savarNa prajA bIjA e badhAya palaTAonI pAchaLa eka avikArI, sthira, badhAne lokone, nIca varNanAM gaNI, temane sparza paNa nathI karatA to zuM dhAraNa karavAvALI, badhAnuM sarjana karanArI sarvano vilaya karanArI e mArI jema apamAnita nahi thatAM hoya? to pachI e lokone ane badhAyanuM pharI sarjana karanArI eka sattA rahelI che, evuM lAge apamAna sparzatuM kema nathI? ATalI moTI prajAne apamAna nathI che. A sattAnuM svarUpa kevuM? to gAMdhIjI kahe che e sattA : kevaLa sparzatuM tenuM kAraNa zuM? sAmAjika nyAya aMgenuM emanuM cittana, premamaya che, kevaLa zubha che, kAraNa huM hara paLe jouM chuM ke mRtyunI raMgabhedanI nItino sAkSAtkAra vagere jAtaanubhavano A phalitArtha vacce jIvana kAyama TakI raheluM che. ethI huM samajuM chuM ke Izvara che. mahAtmAjInA manamAM jo koI pAyAnI samasyA hoya to te A jIvaMta che, satya che, prakAza che. e ja prema che; e ja parama kalyANa 'kAraNa' zodhavAnI hatI. A samasyA sAthe bhAratamAM pAchA AvI che.'' Ama, lagabhaga I.sa. 1931 sudhInA emanA cittanano temaNe samagra dezanuM paryaTana AdaryuM. peluM kAraNa potAnA svaavalokana mukhya jhoka satyanuM IzvaranA paryAyavAcI tarIkenuM svarUpa nirdhArita dvArA zodhI kADhyuM. A deza garIbI, ajJAna ane aMdhazraddhAne karavA taraphano hato. pahelAM to e sarvatra ema ja kahetA hatA ke kAraNe parataMtra che. AnA IlAja rUpe gAMdhIjInI tattvamImAMsAno ''Izvara ja satya'' che; pachI emaNe ema kahyuM ke 'satya e ja (54) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018)

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Izvara che." A satya eTale zuM? evA kaThina praznano gAMdhIjI uttara Ape che : "aMtarAtmAno avAja'' manuSyanuM aMtaranala Atmika Urmi ja satya. A satyano sAkSAtkAra karavAnuM sAdhana eTale ahiMsA athavA prema. gAMdhI cintanamAM jema satya ane Izvara ekamekanA paryAyavAcI che, tema ahiMsA ane prema paNa ekabIjAnA paryAyavAcI che. jenuM hRdaya ahiMsaka eTale ke premathI parivartita che, tene ja Izvarano eTale ke satyano sAkSAtkAra thAya che; ane satyano sAkSAtkAra eTale ja manuSyanA manuSyatvano sAkSAtkAra. Izvara satyanA svarUpe pratyeka manuSyanA hRdayamAM virAjamAna che. gAMdhIjI kahe che H mAre eka ja dharma che - IzvaranI ane tethI mAnavajAtanI sevA. AnuM kAraNa e che ke : "mANasanuM aMtima dhyeya Izvarano sAkSAtkAra che; ane enI sAmAjika, rAjakIya, dhArmika badhI ja pravRttio IzvarIya sAkSAtkAranA aMtima dhyeyane anulakSIne hovI joIe, mAnavInuM 'mAnavI' tarIkenuM, mAnavajAta tarIkenuM aikya emanI tattvamImAMsAnuM satya hatuM. AvuM aikya sthApavAmAM temane A satya dekhAtuM hatuM. emAM Izvarano sAkSAtkAra dekhAto hato. manuSya mAtranI sevA A sAdhanAnuM eka Avazyaka aMga banI jAya che; kema ke : Izvarane prApta karavAno eka mAtra rasto e che ke evI sRSTimAM ane jIvo, te sRSTinI sAthe tAdAtmya sAdhavuM. e to saunI sevA dvArA ja banI zake. e sevA deza sevA vinA banI na zake. huM samasta vizvano eka aMza chuM ane mAnavajAtathI bhinna evI rIte huM Izvarane joI na zakuM. mANasa samAjaracanAnuM aMga che, ane samAja dvArA ja mANasa potAnuM Izvara sAkSAtkAranuM dhyeya siddha karI zake. enuM kAraNa e che ke, mAnavajAta yA samAja vyaktinA samUha dvArA nirmita che, temAM vyaktio bhrAtRbhAvanA baMdhanathI baMdhAyelI che; mATe mANasanuM sAmAjika jIvana nakkara vAstavikatA che. Ama, jagatanAM A be tattvo manuSya-vyakti ane samAja satyasvarUpa Izvarano sAkSAtkAra ahiMsA dvArA ja karI zake; ane ahiMsA eTale sarvane mATe prema; kyAMka dveSabhAvanuM nAma nahi. AvA samAjamAM sabaLa ane nirbaLanI parAdhInatA-parataMtratAno ApoApa ja che. UDI jAya e gAMdhIjInA cintananI tAttvika mAnyatA che. na jJAnamImAMsA : jJAna vizenI gAMdhIjInI mAnyatAo paNa tattvataH AMtarika jagatane sparzanArI tathA bhautika jagatamAM upayogitAnA siddhAMtane dRSTimAM rAkhanArI che. gAMdhIjIe akSarajJAna eTale ke naryA bauddhika viSayonA jJAnane jJAna mAnyuM nathI. temanI dRSTie Adhunika samayanI zALAmAM jeNe kahevAtuM zikSaNa prApta karyuM hota tenA karatAM bhalobhoLo paNa cAritryavAna bharavADa A duniyAno vadhAre sAro nAgarika che. akSarajJAna nathI to jJAna ke nathI jJAna-prAptinuM sAdhana, paNa gAMdhIjInI dRSTie e to jJAna ke opa caDAvelA oNkTobara- 2018 pabu jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI ajJAnane prakaTa karavAnI sAMketika paddhati mAtra che. temanA mate jJAna jIvananI nakkara paristhitio sAthe suyojita hovuM-prApta thatuM jJAna adhyetAnI vadhatI jatI pravRtti sAthe ekarUpa thatuM jatuM hovuM joIe. tethI dekhItI rIte ja zALA pustakamAMthI vAsI mAhitI niSkriyapaNe grahaNa karavAnuM sthAna nathI; paNa kAma karavAnuM, prayoga karavAnuM ane navI navI zodha karavAnuM sthAna che. zALAmAM bALaka sakriyapaNe jJAna saMpAdana kare, potAnI sAmAjika paristhiti samajavA mATe tathA tenA vadhAre sArA prakAranA niyamana mATe te jJAnano upayoga kare. arthAt jJAnanuM saMpAdana thayuM to ja kahevAya jo tethI vyaktimAM sAmAjika javAbadArInI bhAvanAno vikAsa thAya. tethI ja teo prAcIna bhAratanA 'vidyA' zabdanuM arthaghaTana sarvalokopayogI badhuM ja jJAna' evo kare che. jJAnano sAmAjika upayoga e eka vAta ane ''jJAna hRdayanI saMpUrNa zuddhi karavAnI mANasane zakti Ape.'' e bIjI vAta ema be bAbato ati mahattvanI che. ''jJAna'' zabdanI mahatmAja vibhAvanA kharekhara samajavA jevI che; enuM kAraNa e che ke, ''jJAna'' tattvataH anaitika (immoral) paNa nathI ane naitika (moral) paNa nathI; tenA sAcA arthamAM nItinirapekSa (a moral) che, have prazna e che ke, jJAna saMpAdana karanArane mATe jJAna nItinirapekSa banI rahe e rIte tene jJAna ApavuM kaI rIte? jJAna nItinirapekSa (amoral) che, ema kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke, jJAnane oNparezana mATenI charI, aNuzakti ke TrekTaranI sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. oNparezana mATenI charI jIva bacAvI zake ane mArI paNa zake. aNuzaktino upayoga mAnavasaMhAramAM thaI zake ane roga upara kAbU meLavavAmAM paNa thaI zake. TrekTara vaDe DAMgara ugADI zakAya ne AkhuM ne AkhuM khetara dhvasta paNa karI zakAya. evuM ja jJAnanuM paNa che. jJAna saMpAdana karanArane zoSaka paNa banAve ane samAjane poSaka paNa banAve. jJAnanI A nItinirapekSatAne gAMdhIjI tAke che; ane eTale kahe che ke, bhAI, tamArA jJAnI paMDito karatAM mAro abhaNa kheDUta sArI, kAraNa ke tenI pAse kahevAnuM jJAna nathI; to jJAnano durupayoga anaitikatA (immorality) paNa nathI. kaoNlejanA vidyArthIone potAnI vAta samajAvatAM teo kahe che : "tamArI keLavaNInuM maMDANa (gAMdhIjIe ghaNe ThekANe 'keLavaNI' zabdano prayoga 'jJAna'nA vAcaka tarIke karyo hoya evuM lAge che) satya ane zuddhatAnA nakkara pAyA para na thayuM hoya to te bilakula nakAmI che. tame tamArA aMgata jIvananI zuddhi mATe kALajI na rAkho tathA tame mana, vAcA ane karmamAM zuddha rahevAnI kALajI na rAkho to huM tamane kahIza ke tamAruM AvI banyuM che, pachI bhale tame dhuraMdhara paMkti thAo.'' Ama, lokopayogI jJAnamAMthI gAMdhIjI adhyetAne kramazaH AtmajJAna tarapha laI javA Icche che, paraMtu AjanA yugamAM vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 55

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AtmajJAnanI je avadazA thaI che te tarapha nirdeza karatAM teo kahe karavAnuM bAju para mUkIne temaNe dharma ane AdhyAtmika mUlyono che. "Adhunika keLavaNInuM valaNa AtmAne bhUlavavAnuM hovAthI sAmAjika vyavahAramAM viniyoga zakya banAvavAnI zakyatAono ApaNane AtmabaLanI vAta nIrasa lAge che. ane roja cUrA thaI vicAra karyo che. A dRSTie gAMdhIjInA zikSaNa cintananuM pAyAnuM jatAM zarIra baLa upara ja najara Thare che.'' tethI vidyArthIo mUlya "ekatA" che. vyakti ane tenA samAjanI vacce "ekatA' AtmajJAnanI vAta na samaje, je vastu kharI che, zAzvata che, te na jALavavAnuM kAma zikSaNanuM che. AvI ekatAne toDanAruM zikSaNa samajAya ane je kSaNika che te vyavahAru gaNAya tene teo dInatAsUcaka vinAzaka che ema gAMdhIjI mAne che. bhAratanAM mA-bApo nAnapaNathI Azcarya gaNe che. A AtmajJAnanI vibhAvanAne zikSaNamAM siddha potAnAM bALakone aMgrejI bolatA karI mUke che; tethI e bALako karavA mATe teo vidyArthI mATenA prAcIna brahmacArI' zabdanuM dezanA dhArmika ane sAmAjika vArasAthI vaMcita rahe che tethI teo anusaMdhAna sAdhe che, kAraNa ke brahmacArInA saghaLA abhyAsa ane dezanI ane jagatanI sevA karavA ochA lAyaka bane che e temanI tenI pravRttiono udeza brahmanI khoja che. sAdAI ane AtmasaMyamanA dRDha mAnyatA che. "ekatA' sthApita karanAruM tattva temanI dRSTie majabUta pAyA para te potAnA jIvananuM caNatara kare che. teo kahe 'vyakti che. gAMdhIjInA cintanamAM vyakti kevaLa nAgarika, adhyatA che tema ApaNI bhASAomAM vidyArthI zabdano eka suMdara paryAyavAcI ke samAjanI sabhya nathI, paNa tattvataH mUlya che. gAMdhIjInI mUlyamImAMsA zabda che - 'brahmacArI' eno artha che : Izvarane zodhanAra-IzvaranI hakIkatamAM vyaktiniSTha che. sAmAjika saMracanAmAM vyaktinA nikaTamAM ochAmAM ochA samayamAM pahoMcADe evI rItanuM AcaraNa vyaktitvano pAyo sacavAI na rahe, tenI jo mAvajata na thAya to rAkhanAra, A rIte gAMdhIjInI daSTie AtmajJAna keLavaNI temaja te samAjaracanA ahiMsA para AdhArita che ema na kahevAya. tethI jIvana ubhayanuM carama lakSa che. AtmajJAnanI keLavaNInA prayoga gAMdhIjInA mate 'sAcI keLavaNI to e kahevAya je bALakanI vize teo lakhe che : "AtmAnI keLavaNI eka nokho ja vibhAga AdhyAtmika, bauddhika ane zArIrika zaktione bahAra ANe ne che ema meM TaoNlsaTaoNya AzramamAM bALakone zIkhavavA mAMDyuM tenI khIlave.' 'AnA saMdarbhamAM keLavaNIno koI paNa kAryakrama vyaktinA pUrve ja joI lIdhu hatuM. AtmAno vikAsa karavo eTale cAritrya vyaktitvanI A zaktio paikI koI ekAda zaktine vadhu mahatva ghavuM, IzvaranuM jJAna meLavavuM, AtmajJAna meLavavuM A jJAna meLavavAmAM Ape ane bAkInAnI avagaNanA kare to te keLavaNInA mULabhUtabALakone madada ghaNI joIe ne tenA vinAnuM bIjuM jJAna vyartha che; siddhAMtono droha kare che ema kahevAya. keLavaNInA ItihAsamAM hAnikAraka paNa hoya ema huM mAnato.'' AnA pariNAme AtmajJAna keLavaNIe vyaktinI koI ekAda bAjune mahattva ApyuM ane jevI bAbatane jIvananA cothA Azrama (vAnaprastha) sudhI mulatavI anyanI avagaNanA karI temAM je keLavaNInAM dUSaNo pAMgaryA che. rAkhanAra AtmajJAna nathI pAmatA paNa bUDhApo ane bIjuM paNa eTale eka bAju vyaktinI keLavaNI ekAMgI rahe ne bIjI bAju dayAjanaka bacapaNa pAmI, pRthvI para bojA rUpe jIve che. Ama, sAmAjika racanAne maThAravAnA prayatno karavA A be bAbatomAM gAMdhIjInI jJAnamImAMsA temanI tattvamImAMsA para AdhArita che, gAMdhIjI mAnatA nathI. vyaktinuM zikSaNa jo pUrepUruM thaI zake to kAraNa ke Izvara eka che, manuSya-manuSya vaccenI ekatAnuM sUtra tenuM pachI sAmAjika racanAnI gAMdhIjIne ciMtA nathI. Ama, gAMdhIjInA manuSyatva-Izvaratva che. tethI jJAna paNa akhaMDa che - ekAtma svarUpa cintanamAM vyakti, samAja ke rASTra jevI koI alaga sattA (entity) che. jIvananI ekatAnI pratItimAMthI ja jJAnanI akhaMDatAnI pratIti nathI; paNa koI eka (khAsa karIne vyakti)mAM ja anya beno saMbhavI zake, eTale ke jIvana ja jJAnano srota che; ane jIvana tirobhAva thaI jAya che. gAMdhIjIe je ekatAnI vAta karI che, te pote ja hoya che. A che. mAnavamAtra ane jIvamAtranI ekatA vize gAMdhIjIne UMDI mUlyamImAMsA : zraddhA che, temanI daSTie eka mANasanI AdhyAtmikatAthI jagata mahAtmAjIe potAnAM lakhANomAM mUlyonuM mUlyamImAMsAtmaka lAbhAnvita thAya che, ane eka mANasanA patanamAM jagatanuM eTalA nirUpaNa karyuM nathI, tethI temanI mUlyamImAMsA tAravavAnuM ghaNuM pramANamAM patana thAya che. vyaktinA mUlyamAM ja mahAtmAjInA kaThina che Ama chatAMya emaNe jIvana ane keLavaNI' nA AdarzonI cittananuM ahiMsAnuM mUlya sUcita che. ahiMsA eTale prema. ahiMsAnA je vAta karI che, Adarzo para je bhAra mUkyo che te tattvataH mUlyanI bhAratIya mUlyane premanA sAmAjika stare pichANavAnuM mahAtmAjI ja chaNAvaTa karanAra che. TaoNlsaTaoNya pAsethI zIkhyA hovAno emaNe pote ekarAra karyo che. mUlyonI bAbatamAM gAMdhIjInI vizeSatA e dekhAya che ke, gAMdhIjIne mana ahiMsA ane prema eka ja vastu che. temanA mate temaNe bhAratIya samAjanAM dhArmika ane AdhyAtmika mUlyono vidhAyaka svarUpamAM ahiMsA eTale vizALa prema, vadhumAM vadhu udAratA. sAmAjika stare anuvAda karIne tene sAmAjika mUlyonuM svarUpa ahiMsAnA upAsake potAnA dumana para paNa prema rAkhavo ja ApavAno prayatna karyo che. eTale ke sAmAjika mUlyonuM sarjana rahyo. sakriya ahiMsAmAM satya ane nirbhayatAno avazya samAveza (56) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018)

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thAya che. gAMdhIjI mAnatA ke ahiMsAno jIvananA mUlya svarUpe svIkAra karavAmAM Ave to te samagra jIvanamAM vyApI jAya, eTalA mATe temaNe prema eTale ke ahiMsAnA vidhAyaka svarUpanA mUlyane keLavaNInA mUlya tarIke joyuM che. chevaTe raskinanA 'arju dhisa lAsTa'nA prabhAva nIce gAMdhIjI sarvodayanA mUlyanI sthApanA kare che. A sarvodayanuM mUlya pUrve je mUlyonI vAta karI che. teno ja paripAka che. sarvodaya eTale : 1. badhAnA bhalAmAM ApaNuM bhaluM raheluM che. 2. vakIla temaja vALaMda bannenA kAmanI kiMmata ekasarakhI hovI joIe, kema ke AjIvikAno haka badhAMne ekasarakho che. 3. sAduM majUrInuM temaja kheDUtanuM jIvana ja kharuM jIvana che. A cAra mUlyo ApoApa ja A pUrve jenI carcA jJAnamImAMsAmAM karI che te AtmajJAnanA yA AtmasAkSAtkAranA aMtima mulya najIka laI jAya che. oNkTobara- 2018 TELE Dun -1 ziva, zivasAgara epArTamenTa, nAnA bajAra, vallabhavidyAnagara - 388120 phona naM. 09879245403 Receiving C Rajgopalachari at the airport who came to join the central cabinet. Sardar Patel on the right, Undated. prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 57

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sAhityakAra gAMdhIjI | yazavaMta zukla gujarAtanA jANItA zikSaNavida, keLavaNIkAra ane vicAraka, pUrva AcArya, ha.kA. ArTasa koleja, amadAvAda tathA pUrva kulapati, saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa uttama vaktA ane samartha anuvAdaka. aneka varSo sudhI zikSaNa ane samAjanA prazno carcatI "saMdeza" akhabAranI lokapriya kolamanA lekhaka. pratispaMda' "kaMIka vyaktilakSI', 'kaMIka samAjalakSI', samaya sAthe vahetAM jevAM agatyanAM pustakonA lekhaka. jemaNe nathI vArtA lakhI, nathI kavitA lakhI, nathI nATaka paNa mAravAnuM haragIjha nahIM evo daDha saMkalpa hato. dakSiNa lakhyuM, nathI koI sAhityakRtinuM rasalakSI vivecana karyuM teone AphrikAnI dharatI upara satyAgrahano vijaya thayo te pachI gAMdhIjI sAhityakAra tarIke mUlavavAno prayatna karavo emAM aucitya kharuM? bhAratamAM AvyA ane paradezI zAsananI nAgacUDamAMthI dezane kabUla che ke mahAtmA gAMdhIe lakhyuM che aDhaLaka, paNa lakhavA mukta karAvavA satyAgrahanI, ItihAsamAM apUrva kahI zakAya evI, mAtrathI kaMI sAhityakAra thaI javAtuM nathI. ema to nahIM hoyane laDato AraMbhAI te pachI to pustakanI mULa vAtane AgaLa calAve ke AvaDA moTA rASTrapuruSanA aneka guNo gaNAvavA besIe tyAre che. potAnA anubhave nirUpavA ane lokajIvanane satya ane A eka rahI jato guNa umerI levAnuM pralobhana thatuM hoya? ahiMsAnA samunnata mArge vALavA temaNe AtmakathA lakhI, paNa AvA prazno upasthita karIe tyAre gAMdhIjI jo hAjara hoya enuM nAma 'satyanA prayogo' evuM ApyuM. to e pote ja kahI nAkhe ke sAhityakAra hovAno potAno lagIre gAMdhIjIe pote AtmakathAnI prastAvanAmAM noMdhyuM che tema dAvo nathI. saradAra vallabhabhAI vize ApaNe AvA guNanuM temanA maunavAre 'eka nirmaLa sAthIe' temane prazna karelo ke tame AropaNa nathI karatA, joke emanA dhAradAra vastRtvanI prazaMsA to AtmakathA lakhavAnA cho?' spaSTa che ke bhAratIya saMskAritAe joIe teTalI thaI che. paNa e to evuM kahenArA mANasa hatA ke, prabodhelA viveka anusAra AtmakathA lakhI zakAya ja nahIM. emAM 'kAma karo kAma, bhATacAraNo to joIe eTalA maLI raheze.' have jANeajANe Atmastuti UtarI Ave e jokhama che. paNa sAhityasarjana e kAma nathI evuM to koNa mAnaze? paNa saradAranI gAMdhIjIe to mana vALeluM ke potAne kyAM kevaLa potAnI vAta vAkachaTA emanI potAnI AgavI hatI. gAMdhIjI to vAkachaTAthI karavI che? emane vAta to karavAnI che satyanA prayogonI. pote to paNa vegaLA rahetA. emane to badhuM satya ane ahiMsAne trAjave nimitta mAtra che. toLavAnuM hatuM. paNa ApaNe noMdhavuM joIze ke ATalI vinama kartavyaniSThAnI ' lakhyuM che emaNe aDhaLaka, paNa kartavya bajAvatAM bajAvatAM sarajata duniyAnI apUrva ane ajoDa AtmakathA banI che. bIjA prasaMgaprApta rIte emaNe lakhyuM che. evA lakhANamAM je anAyAsa koI lakhANane kAraNe nahIM to AtmakathAne kAraNe to gAMdhIjIne sAhityaguNa UtarI Avelo samajAya tenuM rahasya samajavA mATe sAhityakAra gaNavA ja paDe. bhale emano saMkalpa 'sAhitya' ApaNe UMDI dRSTi karavI paDe. AvA to, 90 jeTalA daLadAra sarajavAno nahoto, paNa je sarajAIne rahyuM te to duniyAbharamAM lekha-saMgraho have upalabdha che. paNa sAhityasarjananI dRSTithI nahIM, paMkAyeluM sAhitya ja che. e sAhitya che te kevaLa AtmakathAnI paraMtu potAnI jIvanadRSTi samajAvavAnI dRSTithI athavA to rUpanirmiti thaI teTalA ja kAraNasara nahIM, paraMtu bhASAnI sAhityika potAno anubhava sarvAnubhava bane evI kazIka samajathI gAMdhIjIe guNavattAne kAraNe paNa, A hakIkta thoDuMka vizleSaNa mAgI le che. je pustako cAhIne lakhyAM che temAM to sAhityaguNa UtarI Avelo e vAta kharI ke gAMdhIjI saMkalpa sAhityasarjaka nahotA. sAthe e ja che. A pustako lakhavA vAste gAMdhIjIe saMkalpa parizrama karyo vAta paNa eTalI ja sAcI ke bhASA ke sAhityano emano koI che. baMne pustako mULa gujarAtImAM ja lakhAyAM che. evuM eka pustaka viziSTa abhyAsa paNa nahoto. emaNe to AvaDyuM tevuM lakhyuM ane te 'satyanA prayogo athavA AtmakathA' ane bIjuM te 'dakSiNa jANyuM teTaluM noMdhyuM. chatAM bhASA ane anubhava ane svakIya abhigamane AphrikAnA satyAgrahano ItihAsa.' kAraNe emanI AtmakathAnI duniyAnI zreSThatama AtmakathAomAM baMne anyonyanAM pUraka pustako che. baMnemAM 'satya' zabda Ave gaNanA thAya che. che. gAMdhIjInuM sAruM ke jIvana satya ane ahiMsAne samarpita thayuM zA mATe vAruM? enA viSayavastune kAraNe? e to kharuM ja, hatuM ane emAMthI ja satyAgraha janmyo hato, jemAM maravAnuM kharuM, paNa emanI mArmika satyapUta nirUpaNazailIno paNa emAM eTalo 58) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018

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ja phALo che. kayAMya paNa ADaMbara ke asatya ghUse nahIM te mATe gAMdhIjI emane kAMDethI pakaDIne gharanI bahAra mUkI devA kare che, tyAM emaNe sAvadha zabdaprayoga karavAnI Teva pADI che. kazuM vadhAre nahIM, bhAratIya nArI emane 'lAjo jarI' ema kahIne pArakA dezamAM kazuM ochuM nahIM. pariNAme sAmAnya vaparAzanA zabdo, TUMkAM vAkyo, AvuM vartana karavA badala Thapako Ape che. ahIM gAMdhIjInI vizeSatA tarkabaddhatA, atizayokti ke ADaMbarano abhAva, potAne rajakaNathI e che ke ATalo sAmano karanArathI emanuM abhimAna ghavAtuM nathI paNa nama gaNavAnI nirahaMkAratA, potAnI AMtarika anubhUtinuM paNa AtmabhAna jAgrata thAya che ane potAnA vartanamAM rahelo doSa svaccha pratibiMba, AbhijAtya, RjutA, mRdutA, Akrozano samULo e sudhArI le che. abhAva - koI paNa bhASAsAhityamAM jene sarvocca zailIguNa kahI 'dakSiNa AphrikAnA satyAgrahano ItihAsa' e pustaka, sAce zakAya te emanI AtmakathAmAM ja nahIM paNa aneka lakhANomAM ja, ItihAsalekhanano Adarza sthApI Ape che. kayAMya asatya ke jovA maLe che. atizayokti nahIM, kyAMya kaTutA ke dveSa nahIM, kyAMya Atmaprazasti nAnapaNamAM mAtAnA ane anya svajanonA je bhASAsaMskAro ke saMkucita mamatAo nahIM ane je kaMI banI gayuM ke banI kahyuM hatuM jhIlyA hoya, zikSaNa ane svAdhyAyathI jenuM vistaraNa thayeluM hoya, tenuM sAdhAraNa varNana e A ItihAsanI vizeSatA che. emAM paNa paripakva vicAraNAthI jenuM saMgopana thayuM hoya te bhASA to gAMdhIjI vilakSaNa pAtro Ave che, gorAonA ADaMbarI Adhipatya sAmeno pAse hatI ja; eTale ke, uchera ane abhyAsathI prApta thayeluM virodha chatAM gorAono sahakAra prApta thayAnAM varNano paNa Ave bhASAbhaMDoLa temanI pAyAnI mUDI hatI. paNa satyaniSThanI alpokti che. mila slezinanuM pAtra e koTinuM che. e vilakSaNa chokarI je ane dhArAzAstrInI takaniSThatA gAMdhIjInA bhASAprayogone - temanI kAma batAve te vinamratAthI ane niSThAthI karavAne kRtanizcaya che, samagra abhivyaktine viziSTa mudrA arpe che. 'stutithI huM kadI paNa jyAM ene asaMgati ke zithilatA dekhAya tyAM bhalA bhUpano phalAyo nathI' ema jyAre teo kahe che tyAre emAM satyakathananI virodha karavAmAM ene kazo hicakicATa nathI. enI vayanA pramANamAM baLakaTatA jaNAya che, paNa vinamratA emane choDI gaI nathI. 'satya e atyaMta tejasvI che paNa enuM ya ene abhimAna nathI. gAMdhIjIe ane ahiMsA eka ja sikkAnI be bAjuo che.' ema jyAre teo enuM ne bIjAM pAtronuM saMkSepamAM paNa suMdara citraNa karyuM che. ItihAsane kahe che tyAre ahiMsA vinA satya saMbhavatuM nathI enI teo pratIti ghaDIbhara thaMbhAvIne paNa temaNe AvAM pAtrone parakhAvyAM che. emanAmAM karAve che. temane mana ahiMsA e premano paryAya che ane ahiMsA nirUpaNane bhASA dvArA AkarSaka banAvavAnI sahanazakti che. emAM e DoLa ke ADaMbara nathI. manasA vAcA karmaNA ahiMsAno Azraya kramikatA, tArkikatA, haiyopAdeya, viveka, svAbhAvikatA, saraLatA, lIdhA vinA satyanI anubhUti thatI nathI e teo samajI cUkyA gatizIlatA Adi vAcanane rasamaya karI mUkanArAM aneka lakSaNo che. darzananI AvI RjutA ane spaSTatA e gAMdhIjInA sArA ye parakhAya che. jIvanakAryanuM pramukha AkarSaNa che. ApaNe 'hiMda svarAja' joIe. gAMdhIjIe sArA ye hiMdanA 'AtmakathA'nI bIjI je vizeSatA che te e ke gAMdhIjIe svarAjanAM kartavyo emAM AlekhyAM che. pustaka khUba nAnuM che. potAnI ebo paNa emAM nikhAlasapaNe varNavI che. emaNe corI adhipati ane vAcakanA saLaMga saMvAdarUpe chaNAyelA praznomAM thoDuMka karI hatI, mAMsAhAra karyo hato, saMgadoSa vahoryo hato, pitA nATyatattva paNa gAMdhIjIe emAM avatAryuM che. paNa pote to maraNapathArIe hatA tyAre patnI sAthe jAtIya sukha prApta karavAnI gaMbhIra, atyaMta gaMbhIra che. pustakanI aneka AvRttio thaI che vAsanAmAMthI pote UgarI zakyA na hatA vagere maryAdAo temaNe paNa emAM gAMdhIjIne koI tAttvika pheraphAra karavAnI jarUra jaNAI khullAzathI eTalA mATe noMdhI che ke koI potAne bhUlathI paNa nathI. paNa svarAjanA A kAryakramo gAMdhIjInA anuyAyIone asAmAnya mAnI na bese. sAthe emanuM maryAdApUrNa jIvana ema suddhAM vyavahArakSama lAgyA nathI. relavemAM besavAnuM na hoya, pArlamenTane paNa sUcave che ke prayatnathI, puruSArthathI, deDha manobaLathI ane 'vAMjhaNI' ane 'vezyA'nuM athavA 'duniyAnI vAtuDI'nuM biruda maLatuM svIkRta jIvanAdathI maryAdAone vaTI jaI zakAya paNa che. hoya, yaMtronI ghelachAne jemAM utArI pADavAmAM AvI hoya ane - dakSiNa AphrikAmAM temanuM mAnavya ThIka ThIka vikasI cUkyuM hatuM vakIla ane vALaMdanI kamANI ekasarakhI hoya evo jIvanArdaza tyAre suddhA patnI upara svAmitvano adhikAra calAvavAnuM e TALI sUcavAto hoya emAM zI rIte mana goThe? chatAM gAMdhIjIno mAnava zakayA na hatA. dhaNIpaNuM' e zIrSake lakhelA 'AtmakathAnA mAtranI samAnatAno, nyAyano, zoSaNarahitAno saMdezo A pustaka prakaraNamAM mArA gharamAM rahevuM hoya to evuM kaThora Adezavacana dvArA pragaTa thayo che. gAMdhIjInI jIvanazraddhAono e adhikRta gAMdhIjI kasturabAne saMbhaLAve che. paNa kasturabA paNa emanA dastAveja che. mAthAnAM maLyAM hatAM. e ghara choDavAno abhinaya kare che tyAre kuddha gAMdhIjI kevaLa svarAjanA netA nathI, teo jIvananA netA oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (59

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paNa che. divasa Uge ne Athame tyAM sudhInAM kartavyo, manonigraha, prabhAvita karyuM hatuM ke jIvanano Akho rAha ja palaTAI gayo hato. vyApaka sAmAjika Adarzo, prArthanA e sarva vize nAnA nAnA svAbhAvika rIte ja cALIsa pistALIsa varSanA A gALAne ApaNe phakarAomAM ghaNI moTI vAto emaNe maMgala prabhAta'mAM karI che. gAMdhIyuga tarIke oLakhIe chIe. A gAMdhIyuga sAhityamAM paNa enuM sarala, hRdaya, anunaya karanAruM, prAsAdika gadya zuM sAhitya pravaryo che. jIvananetA gAMdhIjInA kevaLa vicArano nahIM paNa nathI? vANI ane vartanano paNa e prabhAva che. kaho ke, sAhityakAra ApaNe khuzIthI kahI zakazuM ke kevaLa vicAro ane mUlyo dvArA gAMdhIjIno e prabhAva che. ja nahIM paNa vartananA unnata Adarzo dvArA gAMdhIjIe jIvanavikAsano 5, zrI sama sosAyaTI, je navo rAha pragaTAvyo teNe sArA ye bhAratIya jIvanane evuM to navaraMgapurA, amadAvAda -380009 AkhuM jIvana palaTAvI nAkhavuM, jIvananI samagra dizA palaTAvI nAkhavI, evuM kArya be ja vyaktioe vartamAnamAM karyuM che : eka kAla mArkase ane bIjA mahAtmA gAMdhIjIe. - cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha anAsaktIno artha niHsvArthapaNe svadharmanuM pAlana ema kahevAya. paNa gAMdhIjIe anAsaktino judo ja artha karyo che. sAdhanazuddhi na hoya tyAM anAsakti te vitarAga dazA zakya nathI. ema gAMdhIjI daDhapaNe mAnatA. - cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha gAMdhIjI hAthano paMjo ane pAMca AMgaLIo vaDe potAnI nisabatanA muddAo vyakta karatA hatA. te pAMca mAMgaLIo ane paMjo nIcenI bAbato sUcita karatI hatI. (1) hiMdu-muslima ekatA (2) aspRzyatA nivAraNa (3) strI purUSa samAnatA (4) aphINa ane nazAkhorI jevAM vyasanothI mukti (5) kAMtaNarya pAMca AMgaLIone ekatrita karatuM hAthanuM kAMDuM sUcavatuM hatuM, ahiMsA. agiyAra mahAvrata satya ahiMsA corI na karavI, vaNajotuM nava saMgharavuM brahmacarya ne jAte mahenata, koI aDe nava abhaDAvavuM, abhaya svadezI svAdatyAgane sarvadharma sarakhAM gaNavA A agiyAra mahAvrata samajI, namapaNe deDha AcaravA. sAta sAmAjika pApa gAMdhIjInI daSTie nIcenA sAta sAmAjika aparAdha che : (1) siddhAntahIna rAjakaraNa (2) parizramahIna dhanopArjana (3) vivekahIna sukha (4) cAritryahIna zikSaNa (5) sadAcArahIna vyavahAra (6) saMvedanahIna vijJAna (7) vairAgyahIna upAsanA 'gAMdhIjI gautamabuddha pachInA zreSThatama bhAratIya hatA ane Izu khrista pachInA zreSThatama mAnava hatA.'' - DaoN. jee.homsa gAMdhIjI DAyojInisa, namatAmAM senTaphrAnsisa ane zANapaNamAM sokreTIsa jevA hatA.'' - phrAnsisa nIlasana (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018 premaLa jyoti

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sacoTa, pAradarzI, lokazikSaNa mATe patrakAratva | DaoN. sejala zAha Aje ekavIsamI sadImAM mAhitIno bhaMDAra cAre taraphathI badIo manuSya manuSya vacce vigraha karAve che. tenAthI chUTakAro UbharAI rahyo che, tyAre 20mI sadInA patrakAratva aMge vAta paNa vikAsa mATe Avazyaka che arthAta sAmAjika vikAsane Arthika karavAnI che, ane e paNa evo samaya, je prInTa mIDiyA pUrato ane rAjakIya vikAsa sAthe puraskRta karyo. (3) bhASA, dharma, sImita hovA chatAM tenuM baLa hindustAnanI karoDo janatAne jagADavA adhyAtma aMge manuSya jamanA AvaraNo choDI AMtarika vikAsa pUratuM hatuM. e zabdo evA jIvaMta banI prajAnI cetanAmAM bhaLyA sAdhavo joIe. ke rASTranA mahatvanA prazno pratye mAtra janatA jAgRta na thaI paNa gAMdhIjIno dRSTikoNa sarvagrAhI rahyo che. vikAsanI sAthe ene potAnI nijI javAbadArI samajI, e briTIza saltanata temaNe svAvalaMbItAne AgavuM mahattva ApyuM che. A svAlaMbana sAme laDavA sajja thaI. ApaNe e yAda rAkhavuM joIe ke e mAtra Arthika nathI, AdhyAtmika, vaicArika, sAmAjika che. manuSya zabdo jyAre prajA sudhI pahoMcatA tyAre prajA ene mAtra rASTrapitAnA mAtramAM temane khUba rasa paDato ane satyanI zodha sAthe manuSyatvane zabdo che eTalA mATe svIkArI nahotI rahI paNa e zabdo sAthe zodhatA ane potAnA zabdo dvArA e ja pahoMcADatA. gAMdhIjInuM kArya ane enA para beThelI lokonI zradhdhA kAraNabhUta lekhanamAM gAMdhIjIe mukhyatve patro, noMdhapothIo vizeSa rUpe hatA. gAMdhIjInA vRttapatro tyAM pahoMcyA jyAM svadehe bApu na lakhyA. da. AphrikAnA vasavATa daramyAna vAMcana vadhyuM ane emanI pahoMcI zakyAM. A zabdomAM evI tAkAta hatI ke janasamudAyanI jIvana tarapha jovAnI dRSTimAM AmUla parivartana AvyuM. cetanAne jhaMkRta karatAM. gAMdhIjInA lakhANanA lakSaNo joIe to - temanA lakhANomAM ghaNI vakhata khUba ja jANItI vyaktinA kAma aMge bArIkAIthI upadeza che, potAnA vAcanane AdhAre ane anubhavane AdhAre jovAnuM ApaNe vIsarI jatAM hoIe chIe ane e vakhate eka teo lakhe che. paraMtu emAM saraLatA ane sahajatA che, je vAcakane bahoLA pratisAdamAM ApaNo sUra bhaLI jato hoya che. paNa DaoN.nareza gaLe Utare che, sAthe emAM vAcakane anusaravAno anurodha ane vedanA sUcana mujaba jyAre gAMdhIjInA patrakAratva vize Aje chUpo Adeza paNa rahelo hoya che. pharIthI lakhavAno upakrama thayo tyAre gAMdhIjInA patrakAratva aMgenI A lakhANamAM varNanAtmaka, bhAvAtmaka ane ciMtanAtmaka evI judI vizeSatAo UbharAI AvI ane jagatano netA kharA arthamAM traNa prakAranI gAMdhIjInI gadyazaktino ApaNane paricaya thAya che. vibhUtI kema gaNAyA che, te samajAyuM ke atyAra sudhI sAMbhaLyuM hatuM, teo potAnA zabdone samAja sAthe joDIne, tenA praznone te Aje pharI eka vAra samajaNanI keDIe aMkAyuM joDIne vAta kare che, jAgRta karavAnuM kArya kare che. patrakAratvano sIdho saMbaMdha manuSya-samAja sAthe lokazikSaNanA gAMdhIjInI A laData satya ane ahiMsAnA pAyA para maMDAyelI hetusara rahyo che. A lokazikSaNa haMmezA jANakArI pUratuM sImita hatI. nyAyanI bhAvanA para maMDAyelI hatI. tethI ja hiMdamAM paNa nathI hotuM paNa enuM kArya samAjanuM pratibiMba darzAvAnuM ane vartana enI pratye khUba sahAnubhUti pragaTI. keLavavAnuM che. e samayamAM muMbaI samAcAra rAsta gophtAra, ganeAna gAMdhIjI satyAgraha dvArA duzmanonuM hRdaya parivartana karavA prasAraka, DAMDiyo vagere lokazikSaNamAM upayogI hatA ane A IcchatA hatA, je emanA prathama prayogamAM ja karI zakyAM. gAMdhIjInA patroe gujarAtI gadyane ghaDavAmAM mahatvanuM kArya karyuM hatuM. lokazAhImAM lakhANamAM eka tarapha ucca naitika bhAvanA jovA maLatI to bIjI patrakAratvane cothA AdhArastaMbha (cothI jAgIra) tarIke paNa tarapha duzmana pratyenI udArabhAvanA, A emanI yudhdha nIti asara oLakhavAmAM Ave che. jo ItihAsa tarapha najara karIe to eka bahu ja sArI thaI loko para. e samaye ApaNA pUrvajoe je samaye dhAtunI paTTI para samAcAro lakhIne mukhya sthAno para mukavAmAM Adarzamaya vAtAvaraNa bAMdhyuM hatuM. gAMdhIjIe ene poSIne ucheryuM. AvatI hatI. romamAM Ama thatuM. temAM laDAInA pariNAmo ke emane sAhitya ane jIvana, baMne vacce sAnukULatA sAdhI. emanI viziSTa adhikArIonI nimaNUka vize kahevAmAM AvatuM. 15mI bhASAmAM satyano raNako, sAttvikatA, bhAvanA ogha ane marmalakSI sadImAM chApakAma mATenA yAMtrika sAdhanono AraMbha thayo. patrakAra vidhAnonI sAdI, saraLa ane TUMkI vAkyaracanA vagere guNone lIdhe tarIke gAMdhIjI uttama hatA. temane traNa dizAmAM eka sAthe kArya enI rasikatA vadhI che. karyuM. (1) briTIza saltanatanuM bhArata para rAja, ane gulAmInI Aje patrakAritva eka judI dizAmAM jaI rahyuM che. AjubAjunA avasthA koI paNa prajAe na svIkAravI. (2) je sAmAjika aneka paribaLonI pakaDa enA para vartAya che. samAcAra ane mUlya oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (61

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karatAM, vAstavikatA karatAM vadhu vAcakonA gamA-aNagamAM para prathama bhAratIya vRttapatra pragaTa thayuM hatuM, je have nathI cAlatuM. patrakAritvanuM jagata nabhI rahyuM hoya evuM lAge che. eka tarapha gujarAtI bhASAnuM sauthI paheluM vRttapatra muMbaI samAcAra' hajI bhASAnuM pota ane ojasa gumAvyuM che to bIjI tarapha vicAravaMta AjepaNa cAle che ane pharadunajI marjhabAna gujarAtI patrakAratvanA saMvAdanI bhUmikA paNa khalAsa thaI gaI che. AvA samaye gAMdhIjIe pitA gaNAya che. A samayane vRttapatrano prathama yuga gaNI zakAya, je kArya karyuM te tarapha joIe to khyAla Ave ke jagatanA sarvazreSTha tyAra bAda paMDita yugamAM 'gujarAtI' sAptAhika AvyuM ane bAdamAM patrakAromAM temanuM nAma Ave kAraNa emane mAtra potAnA lakhANo 1919mAM gAMdhIjIe 'navajIvana'nI zarUAta karI jene vRttapatrano dvArA, taMtrIlekho, patro dvArA samagra dezamAM ahiMsaka AMdolananuM trIjo yuga kahI zakAya. vAtAvaraNa racI ApyuM. samAja, deza ane vizva sudhI emanA zrI phArbasanI preraNAthI kavi dalapatarAme amadAvAdamAM gujarAta zabdonuM cetana emanA prajA sudhI pahoMcatuM. varnAkyulara sosAyaTI' (je atyAranI gujarAta vidyAsabhA)nI taMtrI tarIke teo prajA sAthe satata saMvAda karatAM ane ghaNIvAra sthApanA karI, gujarAtanuM prathama vRttapatra 'vartamAnapatra' tyAMthI loko sAme TIkAno patra lakhatA. ekavAra mahAdevabhAIe A pragaTa thAya che, ane tyArabAda dhIredhIre saMkhyAmAM vadhAro thAya che, TIkAnA patro emane na ApyAM. tyAre teo mahAdevabhAIne lakhe jemAM vRttapatronI saMkhyA 26, 13 muMbaImAM, 12 gujarAtamAM ane che, jemAM temanI taMtrI tarIkenI jAgarUkatA jovA maLe che. 1919 1 karAMcIthI pragaTa thAya che. nA sapTembaramAM teo mahAdevabhAIne patra lakhe che, AraMbhanA samayamAM vRttapatromAM sthAnika samAcAro, vahANonA bhAIzrI mahAdeva, AvavAnA ane upADavAnA samayo, amaladAronI badalInA samAcAro .... 'navajIvana' uparanI TIkA tamAre mokalavI joItI ja AvatA, paNa dhIre dhIre emAM samAjasudhAraNAnA prazno rajU thAya hatI. dareka aMkanI mokalavI ja. huM mAMdo houM ke sAjo jyAM sudhI che. 'gujarAtImAM bhASA, joDaNI, zailI pratye pUratuM dhyAna apAyuM 'navajIvana'nuM taMtrIpaNu DahoLuM tyAM sudhI TIkA meLavyA vinA kema hatuM. gAMdhIjI bhAratamAM AvyA e pahelAM emane dakSiNa AphrikAmAM cAle? 'navajIvana' no bIjA aMka bahu sAro gaNuM chuM. chApavAno 'InDiyana opIniyana' nAmaka vRttapatra calAvyuM hatuM. 1904mAM doSa taddana saMtavya che. kAma karanArAo ghaDIbhara jaMpyA nathI...' gujarAtI, hiMdI, tamila ane aMgrejI ema cAra bhASAmAM nIkaLatuM gAMdhIjInA vizALa vAMcanano paricaya satata emanA lakhANomAM hatuM. pAchaLathI hiMdI ane tamila vibhAgo baMdha karI devAmAM jovA maLe che. 30/4/24no patra juo, ..... mArI bhASA ne AvyAM. AnA vize gAMdhIjI potAnI AtmakathAmAM lakhe che ke, lekha joI lejo. ... keTalo zrama laI lAlajIe 'navajIvana' vAMcyuM "mAre hastaka hatuM tyAM sudhImAM emAM thayelA pheraphAra mArI jiMdagInA che? tenA ghaNA sudhArA ApaNane zaramAvanArA che. jo 'navajIvana'nA pheraphAro sUcavanAra hatA... huM prati saptAha mAro AtmA reDato, lekho tame prathamathI vAMcI jatA ho to tamane A doSo viSe to huM jene satyAgraharUpe oLakhato te samajavAno prayatna karato. jarUra Thapako ApuM... AgaLa lakhe che... kharekhara je ApaNe jelanA samaya bAda karatAM daza varSa sudhInA, eTale 1914 sudhInA bhASAnA tarI AvatA doSone na sudhArI zakIe to 'navajIvana' 'InDiyana opIniyana'nA evA aMko bhAgye ja haze, jemAM meM kaMI calAvavAno ApaNane jarAye adhikAra che kharo? huM pote mAruM badhuM nahIM lakhyuM hoya. emAM eka paNa zabda meM vagara vicAryA vagara lakhANa joItI cIvaTapUrvaka ne te paNa bhASASTie tapAsI javA tole lakhyo hoya ke jANI joIne atizayokti karI hoya evuM mane atyAre (taiyAra) nathI thayo. ane jo tame athavA svAmI pUrI rIte yAda nathI. mAre sAruM e chApuM saMyamanI tAlIma thaI paDyuM hatuM. tapAsI javAnI javAbadArI mAthe na lo to 'navajIvana' baMdha karatAM mitrone sAruM mArA vicAro jANavAnuM vAhana thaI paDyuM hatuM. paNa mane AMcako na lAge. je mANasa potAnuM kArya potAne saMtoSa patrakArone temAMthI TIkA karavAnuM bahu ochuM maLI zakatuM. huM jANuM pUratuM na kare teNe to te choDavuM e teno dharma che.'' (231) chuM ke enAM lakhANo patrakArane potAnI kalama upara aMkuza mUkavA ahIM ApaNe joI zakIe chIe ke gAMdhIjInI bhASAnI mATe pharaja pADatAM. e chApyA vinA satyAgrahanI laData na cAlI zuddhi mATenI cIvaTa ane Agraha kevo che? bhASAzudhdhine teo zakata.'' Ama gAMdhIjIe je patrakAratvano navo samaya Alekhyo khubaja mahatva ApatAM hatAM ane tene kAraNe sAmayikane baMdha karavA temAM joI zakIe chIe ke vivekI, jAgRta ane saMyamI patrakAra paNa tatpara thAya che. gujarAtI bhASAmAM pravartatI avyavasthA dUra kevo hovo joIe. karavAnI emanI dhagaza A patromAM jaNAya che. gAMdhIjIe InDiyana opIniyanano dhyeya paNa rajU karatAM kahyuM gujarAtamAM sauthI paheluM vRttapatra 1822mAM 'zrI muMbaInA hatuM ke "samrATa eDavarDanI yuropIya ane bhAratIya prajAomAM nikaTa samAcAra' zarU thayuM te pahelAM saMgabAda kaumudI' nAme hiMdanuM sau saMparka sthApita karavAno, lokamatane zikSita karavAno, gerasamajanAM (62) satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha) 'prabaddha jIvana :gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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kAraNe dUra karavAno ane hiMdIonI sAme emanA potAnA doSonI bIjI tarapha navajIvana aMge paNa evI ja spaSTatA che ke rajUAta karavAno ke jethI teo adhikAronI prAptinA Agraha kyAMya vagara vicAryuM vAkya nahIM hoya. sAthe emanA kartavyapaMthane saMbhALe' (InDiyana opIniyana, 24- satyane sidhdhAMtothI siddha kare che, laMbANapUrvaka tarka sidhdha kare 12-1904, saMpUrNa gAMdhI vADmaya khaMDa-4 pR. 345) che, satyane vinayathI rajU karavAnI rIti teo Ape che. ahIM gAMdhIjIe vAcako sAthenA saMvAda arthe patrasetu sAdhyo. jAherakhabaranI pokaLatA vize paNa spaSTa che ke enI bIbhastatA ane pariNAme vAcako sAthe mIThA saMbaMdho bAMdhyA. patrakAratva e emane svIkArya nathI. chApu enA lavAjamathI cAle tevuM mAnatA. emano vyavasAya nahIM paraMtu paNa janasevA mATenuM eka sAdhana gAMdhIjI eka evA patrakAra hatAM, jeo dezamAM jAgRti potAnA banyuM hatuM, temane mATe ane vartamAnapatro mATeno emano vicAra vRttapatra dvArA lAve che. paNa eTalo ja spaSTa hato ke vartamAnapatro sevAbhAvathI ja cAlavA emanA patromAM rAjakIya, dhArmika, sAmAjika, Arthika vagere joIe. temaNe AtmakathAmAM noMdhyuM che ke, vartamAnapatro e bhAre viSayo rahetA 'navajIvana' ane 'yaMga InDiyA' baMdha thayA bAda zakti che. paNa jema niraMkuza pANIno dhodha gAmanAM gAma DubAve anukrame "harijana baMdhu' ane 'harijana' nAme cAlu rahyAM. che ne pAkano nAza kare che, tema niraMkuza kalamano ghodha nAza kare eka patrakAratva tarIke temaNe mAtra mAhitI ApavAnI bhUmikAche. e aMkuza bahArathI Ave to te niraMkuzatA karatAM vadhAre jherI mAMthI bahAra nIkaLI vAcakonA praznomAM rasa lIdho che, vAcakone nIvaDe che. aMdarano aMkuza ja lAbhadAyI hoI zake' (AtmakathA- sAmAjika jIvana sAthe joDI, e aMgenI javAbadArInuM bhAna 261). karAve che. ApaNe joI zakIe chIe ke, e samaya evo hato vartamAnapatrane jyAre lokazikSaNa ane lokajAgRtinuM mahatvanuM jyAre vadhumAM vadhu loko rASTra ane samAjanA prazno sAthe potAne kArya sopyuM eTale temanI javAbadArI paNa vadhI. eka tarapha karakasarano joDatA gayA ane e aMge kArya karatAM gayA. gAMdhIjInA patrakAratvano prayoga ane bIjI tarapha jarAya pokaLa na rahe tenI takedArI sAthe e sauthI mahattvano muddo che ke temaNe prajAne aMgata vartuLamAMthI bhASA jAgRti to kharI ja. vAcakane samajAya tevuM paNa sacoTa ane bahAra kADhI sAmAjika jAgRti bhaNI kAryarata karyA. bauddhikavargane apIla kare tevuM tArkika, A baMnenI vacce temane bIjI bAbata e paNa najare caDe che ke je kArya ke sidhdhAMtamAM samatolana jALavyuM. zarUAtamAM "ame' sarvanAmano prayoga karatAM temane zradhdhA besatI, tenA udAharaNa ApI potAnI vAtane laMbANathI je hindamAM AvIne ekavacanamAM parAvartita thayo. gAMdhIjInI tArkikatApUrvaka rajU karatAM. trIjI bAbata e ke teo vyaktinA keTalIka zailI ahIM UbharAI Ave che to e ke teo haMmezA caritrane tenI anurUpatA pramANe caritrAtmaka karI mUkI ApatAM udAharaNa ApIne vAto karatA. koI jIvanapuruSanuM udAharaNa aneka nAnA-moTA sevakonA mRtyu samaye gAMdhIjIe prAsaMgika ApatAM ke vAcakane saMbodhatA. haMmezA manuSyanA AtmAne jAgRta noMdho lakhI hatI. karavAnI vRtti temanA lakhANamAM rahetI. ' zabda ane arthanA upayoga vizenI temanI samaja UMDI hatI. riporTiMga bAbate gAMdhIjInI cIvaTa gajabanI hatI. teo vAMcanArane samajAya e mATe saraLa zabdono prayoga karatA, ane mAnatA ke riporTa to evA thAya ke eka divasanA riporTane bIjA vAcakane kahetA ke jemane zabdano artha na samajAya, temane bIjA divasa sAthe saMbaMdha ane bIjAne trIjA sAthe saMbaMdha hoya ane badhA pAsethI samajI levo. teo kahe che ke gujarAtI bhASA pArasI, vAMcI jaIe te emAMthI Akho ItihAsa nIkaLI Ave. hiMdu ane musalamAna traNeya vApare che ane traNeya bhASAne nokhuM navajIvana pahelAM 'yaMga InDiyA'mAM lakhatAM ane ekavAra svarUpa ApyuM che. paNa ApaNe eTalI ataDAIthI vartIe chIe ke 'yaMga InDiyA'nI laMbANathI carcA karatAM temaNe lakhyuM ke 'yaMga traNe ekabIjAnI bhASAthI paricita rahetA nathI. bhAgye ja e InDiyA'mAM viSayanI vividhatA nahIM Ave tethI te UtaratuM nathI loko, ekabIjAnA lakhelAM pustako vAMce che. dekhAvAnuM paNa, viSayonI pasaMdagImAM maulikatA nahIM hoya, hakIkatonI gAMdhIjIe 'harijana'ne potAnuM pracAra patra batAvyuM hatuM. cokasAI nahIM hoya ane vivecanamAM baLa nahIM hoya to e jarUra sarakAra dvArA AnA para pratibaMdha mUkavAmAM Avyo hato ane e zudra lekhAze. cokkasa maulika ane sAmAAvALA thavA mATe tamAre dvArA ahiMsA ane satyanA pATha zIkhavatA, 8-8-42mAM pratibaMdha UMDA abhyAsI banavuM paDaze. viSayane pAmavAthIja 'yaMga InDiyA'nA mUkyA pachI 1946mAM pharI zarU thAya che, A baMne bhASAmAM pAnAM jIvaMta banAvI zakAze. 7-4-1919nA roja "satyAgraha' nIkaLatuM hatuM. dezanA aneka savAlo, hiMdu-musalamAna mATenI nAmanuM vartamAnapatra AraMbhAya che. jeno uddezya satyAgrahanA sidhdhAMtane ekatA mATe emaNe tanatoDa mahenata karI hatI. anusarIne kAyadAne rada karavA. 20mI sadInA AraMbhamAM ApaNe joI zakIe chIe ke moTA oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (6 3

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bhAganA rAjakIya netAoe potAnA vicArone rajU karavA vartamAnatrane (1) hiMdIonI lAgaNI darzAvavI. mAdhyama batAvyuM hatuM. e rASTrIya laDatanA samayamAM vRttapatranuM saMcAlana (2) emanA hitanuM rakSaNa karavuM. e dhaMdhAkIya dRSTie nahIM paraMtu rASTrIya laDatanA bhAgarUpe, lokazikSaNa (3) emane vizenI gerasamaja dUra karavI. ane sevAnA bhAvathI cAlatuM hatuM. gAMdhIjIe vartamAnapatranI tAtI (4) hiMdIonI khAmIo hoya to te bedhaDaka batAvavI. jarUriyAtane samajI hatI. AraMbhamAM dakSiNa AphrikAmAM temane (5) eTalethI ja na aTakatAM te dUra karavA ane sudhAravAnA hiMdIo vacce, hiMdIonA hakka rakSaNa mATe ja vRttapatranI jarUriyAta mArgo batAvavA. jaNAI hatI. 1903nI jUnathI 4 tArIkhe temaNe InDiyana (6) hiMdIone potAnA udAtta saMskArothI mAhitagAra karavA. opIniyananI zarUAta karI hatI. (7) e mATe sArA lekhakonA lekho meLavavA. emanA vRttapatra vizenA keTalAMka vicAro joIe to, hiMda (8) eka ja rAjyanI judI judI prajA vacce saMpa ane svarAjamAM temaNe noMdhyuM che ke, "chApAnuM kAma lokonI lAgaNI bhAI baMdhI karavI. jANavI ane tene pragaTa karavI e eka che, bIju kAma lokomAM eka tarapha emaNe prasiddha vyaktionA caritro ApyA ane amuka lAgaNIo jarUranI hoya to te pedA karavI e che, ne trIju prajA ghaDatarano prayAsa karyo to bIjI tarapha vartamAnapatranI bhAre kAma lokomAM eba hoya to te game teTalI musIbato paDe to paNa zaktino upayoga prajA jIvananI keLavaNI mATe karyo, to bIjI bedhaDaka thaI batAvavI (hiMda svarAja pR.2) tarapha potAnA AtmAne reDI satyAgrahanA svarUpane oLakhIne prajA - gAMdhIjI bahu ja spaSTarUpe vRttapatranA hetu najara samakSa rAkhIne, samakSa mUkavAno prayatna karyo. rASTranI laData, rASTranI prajAnA eno AraMbha karyo hato. eka tarapha emane potAnA zabdo ane pratyeka AtmAne samajAya ane prajA enAthI pote sadagata thAya vicAromAM aDaga zraddhA hatI, bIju jyAre teo koI siddhAMta ane pachI laDe, tevo temano prayatna rahyo hato. bahu ja saMyamapUrvakanA ApavA IcchatA to teno prayoga potA para ke AzramamAM karatAM zabdono prayoga karIne prajAne abhibhUta karavA nahIM, paraMtu prajAnI jene kAraNe emane enA bhAva-pratibhAva aMge jANa to rahetI ja AMtaracetanAne jAgRta karavAno eka spaSTa abhigama emanAM ane bIju jyAre potAno mata yogya na lAge ane anyano mata lakhANamAM jovA maLe che. vadhu anukULa lAge to tene svIkAravAnI paNa temanI pUratI taiyArI manuSya jIvanane sparzatA aneka viSayo temanA lekhomAM AvarI rahetI. levAyA hatA. navajIvanamAM satyAgrahano vyApa spaSTa karatA kahyuM prajA vacce ekatA nirmANa thAya ane briTiza saltanata viruddha hatuM, 'paNa satyAgrahanI sImA kaI sarakAra ne prajA vaccenA saMbaMdhomAM temanI zakti rASTrane upayogI bane enI sAthe emane samAjanA samApta thatI nathI. saMsArI sudhArAne sAru paNa e ja amUlya zastra avagaNAyela vargane paNa jAheramAM lAvavAnuM bhagIratha kArya karyuM. che. AmAM strIonI sthiti, ApaNA keTalAka naThArA rivAjo, bahenone sAmAjika kAryamAM joDI samAjanI zakti vadhAravAnuM je hiMda-musalamAno vacce ubhA thatA savAlo atyaMjone lagatI kArya e samayamAM thayuM. te kadAca pachInA samayamAM nathI thayuM. Aje aDacaNo - AvA aneka praznono niveDo AvI zake che.' vRttapatro vicAra nahI, paraMtu masAlA pIrasavAnI hoDamAM lAgI vAcakavargane potAnA praznonuM nirAkaraNa ApavA nahIM paNa gayA hoya evuM ghaNIvAra lAge che. gaLAkALa spardhAmAM naphAne e dizAmAM jAgRta karavAnuM kArya teo karatAM hatA. temaNe vAcako dhyAnamAM rAkhIne AvatAM vRttapatro ane mUlyosabhara vRttapatro vacceno sAthe nikaTatA keLavI hatI. potAnA virodhIone paNa teo phera gAMdhIjIe spaSTa pADI Apyo hato jyAre patrakAratvanI vAta svasthatAthI javAba ApatA hatA. jyAre te koI anyanA virodhamAM Ave tyAre prajA-samAja, satya-vAstavikatA ane mUlya-saMskRti, hoya to pote tenI pUrI tapAsa karatA, ghaNIvAra jenI virudhdhanuM A traNa dRSTikoNa mahatvanA hoya che. patrakAre zabdanA mUlya e lakhANa hoya tene ja mokalI ApatA, ane vAta sAMbhaLyA pachI te saMskRtinI jALavaNI sAthe prajA ke samAjanA hitane jALavIne je vasta prasidhdha karatA. koIne bane tyAM sudhI anyAya na thAya tenI vAstavika paristhiti che, teno citAra ApI te mATeno mArga parI kALajI rAkhatA temane potAnI AtmakathAmAM paNa 'InDiyana sucavavAno che. patrakAre A yAda rAkhavuM joIe ke te ekasAthe opIniyana' vize lakhyuM che ke taMtrI ane grAhakanI vacce nikaTa lAkho-karoDo lokone jyAre mAhitI Ape che tyAre, e samUhane ane svaccha saMbaMdha bAMdhavAnI ja dhAraNA hovAthI mArI pAse hRdaya mArgadarzana paNa ApIne, eka dizA doravaNI karavAnI che. 'InDiyana ThAlavanArA kAgaLonA DhagalA thatA. temAM tIkhAM, kaDavA, mIThAM, opIniyana' zarU karyu tyAre emaNe hetu viSayaka spaSTatA karI ema bhAtabhAtanAM lakhANo mArI pAse Ave. te vAMcavA, vicAravAM, hatI, temAMthI vicAronuM tAraNa karI javAba ApavA, e mATe, sAruM 6 4 ) satya- ahiMsA- aparigraha prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018

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uttama zikSaNa thaI paDayuM.' gAMdhIjIno cIvaTa, niyamitatA, zistatAno svabhAva A kAryane ekadama anukuLa hato. teono satata pravAsa hovAM chatAM vRttapatra moDuM na paDe tenI kALajI teo letAM. veLAsara lakhANa acUka mokalAvatA, pote je dareka vRttapatronI maryAdA bAMdhI hatI, te anusAra ja kArya karatAM jema ke harijana patro mATe temane spaSTa karyuM hatuM ke A patro harijanakAryane ja vaLagI raheze ane rAjakAraNane bAkAta rAkhaze, ane emaNe e dhArAne anusarIne harijana patromAM koMgresanA adhivezanano ullekha ke pote rAjakAraNathI chUTA thayA e ullekho AvyA na hotA. e samaye chApAno phelAvo khUba ja bahoLo hato. te vakhate harijana aMgrejI, hiMdI, urdU, tAmila, telugu, uDiyA, marAThI, gujarAtI, kAnaDI, baMgALI, AsAmI, siMdhI, maliyAlama vagere bhASAmAM pragaTa thatuM hatuM. chApAmAM jAherakhabara levAnA paNa teo virodha hatA jAherakhabara dvArA koIne khuza karavAnI nIti temane phAvatI nahIM. AtmakathAmAM paNa e aMge noMdhyuM che ke, 'A chApAMomAM jAherakhabaro na levAno mAro Agraha asalathI ja hato tethI karyo geralAbha thayo nathI evI mArI mAnyatA che, ane chApAnI vicArasvataMtratA jALavavAmAM e prathAe bahu madada karI che.' vRttapatronuM svAtaMtrya ane vaicArika svAtaMtrya koI bhautika sattA chInavI le e, svAbhAvika rIte ja gAMdhIjIne svIkAryuM na hoya paNa A vAta AjanA samayane paNa eTalI ja lAgu paDe che. koInA vArSika bu 3-8-1, pustaka 1. ... bhakhArI kaoNla to. pabano mAtA, naDIyAda ane bArejaDI De, rIMchanI vatanuM rahasa, svadezI caLavaLa, duHkhI paLakha, turkI, hinda pAne bA tIre. vicAra ratnA. oNkTobara- 2018 madhyasthI ke pratinidhi thaIne bolavuM ane lokone virudhdha javAnI pharaja paDe evA Arthika parAvalaMbano emane kadI svIkAryA nahI. navajIvana. taMtrIH mohanadAsa karamacaMda gAMdhI, amadAvAda rASavAra tA. 7 mI sapTembara 1919 mahatvanA viSayo. dhvana viSaya sImIta na ka nAsIra pI. ... ra. visarAya mAma ana sarjana kara ra. zuM bhAsakara bApubhAi dhrumonA eka gabhIra prasaMga A prakArano cheH haMmesa dA-savADI eka vArtAkAra mArI kArelInI " gAya" nAme vArtApatnIo prakArone navapAvatA jAnAlAla dalapatarAma nAmanI eka ubharAya panI o kevaLa mejazAkamAM niyama rahemAsa bina dharma para tyiAdi gAra viSayo upara vAtA nArI ane rirvamukha hatI. tenI AgaLa vArtAnA nAma, thIkare che, tenuM sthima e haMmesanA mana dUra thatuM varNavatAM vArtAkAra lakhe che: gAMdhIjIe aMdAje cAlIseka varSa sudhI chApAmAM lakhyuM, saMcAlana karyuM. ane te moTebhAge sAptAhika hatA. 1903nA jUnanI 4 thI tArIkhe temaNe 'InDIyana opIniyana'no AraMbha karyo. jemAM videzamAM hiMdIonI paDatI hADamArI ane temanA vize pravartatI gerasamajo vize lakhyuM hatuM. dAdAbhAI navarojI laMDanamAM 'InDiyA' nAmanuM chApuM calAvatAM hatA. tenAM khabarapatrI tarIke gAMdhIjIe kArya karyuM hatuM. bhArata AvIne 1919mAM 'satyAgrahI'no AraMbha karyo. uparAMta 'bombe kronikala'nA taMtrI hornimenane dezapAra karavAmAM AvyA eTale enuM saMpAdana temaNe saMbhALyuM, je pachIthI baMdha karyuM. jamanAdAsa dvArakAdAsa yaMga InDiyA' calAvatAM hatA. je satyAgra mATe gAMdhIjIne sopAyuM hatuM. IndulAlanuM. navavana ane satya' je mAsika hatuM, jene aThavADika tarIke 'navajIvana' nAme 1919mAM zarU karAyuM hatuM. harijana '1933nA phebruArImAM zarU thayuM jenA saMpAdaka zrI Ara. vI. zAstrI hatA. tyArabAda emaNe ene saMbhALyuM hatuM. jIvananA 35 thI 40 varSa patrakAratvamAM gALyA e gAMdhIjanuM moTAbhAganuM lakhANa, vaicArika paDagho, vyaktitva A maLe che. je AjanA samayanA patrakAratvane bahu yogya dizAsUcana karI Ape che. non Mobile : +91 9821533702 sejalshah702@gmail.com chuTA nAlo eka nAno prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka aMka 1 Dagesa davA-sAravAjhI becena thaI AsanamAM saLavaLavA bhAgI; ArthinanA avAjamAM haiyo kAta lyukAra hatA ke te gesanA hRdayanA uMDAmAM praveza pAmyA tenA mananA mAtha satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 6 5

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gAMdhIjInuM adhyAtmadarzana DaoN. nareza veda gujarAtI bhASA-sAhityanA sevAnivRtta variSTha adhyApaka. ucca zikSaNanA kSetramAM 45 varSono adhyayana, adhyApana ane saMzodhanano bahoLo anubhava, vAMcana ane lekhana uparAMta jJAna - vistaraNa ane saMsthA saMcAlana jevI pravRttiomAM zarIka, brAhmaNa, jaina ane bauddha dharma ane tattva darzananI paraMparAnA jijJAsu, savAso jeTalA zodhapatra ane 20 pustakonA lekhaka, "janmabhUmi-pravAsI', 'prabuddha jIvana', 'setu', 'vi' vagere sAmAyikonA niyamita lekhaka. aneka puraskArothI sanmAnita. jIvananuM koI kSetra ke vyavahAra evo nathI jemAM gAMdhIjIe jagatanA svabhAva ane svakarmane oLakhAvato svadharma; mANasanA potAnI maulika rIte pravRtti karI na hoya. paNa e badhI pravRttine mAnasika (mental), naitika (moral) ane AdhyAtmika (spiriekasUtre gUMthaLAvALI vastu emanI dharmabhAvanA che. A dharmabhAvanA tual) cAritra (character)ne ghaDato dharma; vyaSTi ane samaSTinA nahi samajIe tyAM sudhI gAMdhIjIne samajI nahIM zakIe.'' taMtrane sanAtana dhoraNe calAvatAM satuM ane tuM. - cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha jagatamAM dharmo ghaNA che. badhA sAcA che paNa adhUrA che. mATe vAta taddana sAcI che. to sauthI pahelAM e jANIe ke zI che nArAyaNa desAI jaNAve che tema dharma pratyenuM emanuM valaNa evuM hatuM temanI dharmabhAvanA. emanA mate dharma eTale Izvara sAthe joDAvuM. ke potAnA dharma mATe prema, anyanA dharma mATe Adara, je dharmanirapekSa Izvara mANasanA pratyeka zvasocchavAsano svAmI che ema samajIne ja vicAra kare che ane dharma che ke nahi, evuM mAne che ene mATe manuSyanI pratyeka pravRtti tenA dharmamAMthI udbhavavI joIe. mANasanA sahiSNutA ane adharmano virodha. dharma vize Avo emano abhigama ekeeka kAryamAM dharmabhAvanA vyApelI rahevI joIe. paraMtu dharma (approach) hato. eTale saMpradAya ke phirakAnA mata ane vAda evo artha karavAno hiMdudharmanI sanAtanatA, sahiSNutA, jIvaMtatA ane nathI. paNa sRSTinuM taMtra suvyavasthita ane nItinA pAyA para vikAsazIlatAne laIne emane emAM vizeSa AsthA hatI. enA racAyeluM che evI AsthA e dharmano artha che. dharma vinA huM eka dharma ane zAstronA graMthomAM, avatAromAM, mUrtipUjAmAM, kSaNa paNa jIvI na zakuM. mArI rAjanItine mArI bIjI tamAma IzvarabhaktimAM, punarjanmanA siddhAMtamAM ane keTalIka suMdara pravRttio mArA dharmamAMthI udbhavelI che, ema gAMdhIjI svayaM kahe praNAlikAomAM temane vizvAsa hato; paNa aMdhavizvAsa na hato. che. jAtiprathA ane aspRzya bhAvanAnA teo virodhI paNa hatA. teo janme hiMdu hatA eTale hiMdu dharmazAstrono abhyAsa to guruprathAmAM paNa emane vizvAsa hato. TaoNlasToya, raskina thoro, emaNe karyo ja hato, paraMtu e uparAMta jainadharma, bauddhadharma, IslAmadharma, zrImad rAjacaMdra vagerenA vicArono emanA para prabhAva hato, khristI dharma vagere dharmono abhyAsa paNa emaNe karyo hato. vaiSNava paraMtu emAMthI koIneya potAnA gurupade emaNe sthApyA na hatA. parivAranA gharanuM vAtAvaraNa, dharmiSTha mAtAnI ekaniSTha upAsanA, hA, emaNe svAmI yogAnaMdajI pAse kriyAyoganI dIkSA lIdhI dAsI pAsethI maLelo rAmamaMtra, 'rAjA harizcaMdra' nATake manobhUmimAM hatI. enAthI teo potAnA zarIra, Indriyo ane svabhAva upara, ropeluM satyaniSThAnuM bIja - e badhAnI sahiyArI mUDI laI bhaNavA potAnI caMcaLa vRttio bauddhika bahekAva upara niyaMtraNa meLavI ane vakIlAta karavA IgleMDa ane dakSiNa AphrikA gayelA tyAre zakyA hatA. vacanasiddhi ane kAryasiddhi pAmI zakyA hatA. pAchalA hiMdudharma choDI teo khristI dharma ke pachI IslAmadharma svIkAre e yuganA paropakArI saMtone anusaravAnuM emane gamatuM hatuM. mATenAM dabANo paNa emane sahana karelAM. tyAM rahyuM rahyuM vividha dharmatattvazAstro prabodhita prathAo, praNAlikAo ane niyamomAM dharmonuM tulanAtmaka vAcana-adhyayana karyuM, ghaNuM dharmamaMthana paNa anubhavyuM teo mAnatA kharA, paraMtu zrImad bhAgavatanA dvAdazAkSara maMtrathI ke ane mUMjhavaNa vakhate zrImad rAjacaMdranuM mArgadarzana paNa lIdhuM hatuM. tulasIdAsanI vadhAre saraLa vANInAM sUtrothI ane gItA tathA anya paraMtu e badhI mathAmaNone aMte emaNe je navanIta tAravyuM hatuM te graMthomAMthI pasaMda karelAM subhASito ke thoDAM prAkRta bhajanothI teo e ke dharma ja jIvananuM dhAraka ane cAlaka baLa che, ane A dharma potAnI jAtane saMtoSatA hatA. e ja emano rojano AdhyAtmika eTale hiMdudharma, jainadharma, bauddhadharma, IslAmadharma, khristI dharma ke khorAka hato. e ja emanI gAyatrI hatI. anya koI dharma nahIM, paraMtu dezakALa ane vAtAvaraNa dvArA janma teo A rIte AsthALu dhArmika puruSa hatA. IzvaramAM mAnanAra sAthe ja maLelo Apta dharma; eTale ke svadharma, potAnA ane Astika hatA. paNa emane mana Izvara eTale satya. satya ja (66) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018)

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emane mana rAma, nArAyaNa, khudA ke gaoNDa. A satya e ja jagatamAM sAra che, bAkI badhuM asAra che, evI temanI pratIti hatI. eTale satya sivAya anya koIne emaNe potAnI niSThA arpaNa karI na hatI. potAne teo satyanA namra ane satata prayogazIla zodhaka mAnatA hatA. A satyano sAkSAtkAra eTale AtmAno sAkSAtkAra. teo mAnatA hatA ke jIvana eka jhaMkhanA che. enuM dhyeya pUrNatA eTale ke AtmasAkSAtkAra mATe mathavAnuM che. emanuM jIvana eTale emaNe A dhyeyane prApta karavA karelI mathAmaNo dharma ane adhyAtma manuSyanA hRdayamAM rahenArI vastu che, eTale tenI zodha hRdayamAM karavI joIe. ene mATe RSimunioe saMyamano, sAdhanAno ane tapasyAno je rasto batAvyo che te rAjamArga che. gAMdhIjI A rAjamArga pakaDI karyuM dhyeya, kaI bhAvanA, kaI jhaMkhanA, kaI sAdhanA laIne kyAM sudhI AgaLa vadhI zakyA hatA, te have joIe. dharma ane adhyAtma e AMtarika vastu che enI zodha bAhya jagatamAM karavAnI hoya nahi, evI samaja hovAne kAraNe gAMdhIjIne dhArmika ke AdhyAtmika lebala karatAM dharmanA ane adhyAtmanAM mULa tattvamAM rasa hato. IAramAM ane avataromAM mAnatA hovA chatAM teo kyAreya koI deva-devInA maMdiromAM darzanArthe jatA na hatA. dhArmika kriyAkAMDomAM bhAga letA na hatA. dhArmika vidhividhAnono Azaro letA na hatA. koI dhArmika saMpradAya, paMtha ke matanI emaNe kaMThI bAMdhI na hatI. koI bhALIbhoLI mAnyatAmAM rAcatA na hatA. teo Astika ane zraddhALu avazya hatA, paNa emanI AsthA ane zraddhA viSeyukta tarkabuddhi upara AdhArita hatI. tethI teoe potAnAM jIvanasvapna (vison), jIvanakArya (mission) ane puruSArtha (efforts) vize spaSTa thaIne potAno jIvanarAha nakkI karI lIdho hato ane e mujaba teo jIvyA hatA. ApaNe jarA enI vigatamAM utarIe. temanuM jIvanasvapna (vision) : temanA ja zabdamAM joIe to temanuM jIvanasvapna A hatuM : "mAre je karavuM che, jenI huM 30 varSathI jhaMkhanA karI rahyo chuM, te to Atmadarzana che, te Izvarano sAkSAtkAra che, mokSa che. mAruM calanavalaNa badhuM e ja dRSTie thAya che, mAruM lakhANa badhuM e ja STie che ane mAruM rAjaprakaraNI kSetranI aMdara jhaMpalAvavuM paNa e ja vastune AdhIna che.'" matalaba ke potAnA jIvananuM dhyeya emaNe nakkI karI lIdhuM hatuM. temanuM dhyeya hatuM jIvatAM ja mokSa prApta karavAnuM. A mokSa eTale zarIra, Indriyo, mana, buddhi, citta ane ahaM jevA AMtarabAhya karatonA kaSAyathI mukti meLavI sva-rUpa sAthe saMdhAna sAdhavuM, AtmAbhimukha thavuM, Atmavida thavuM, vaLI AtmAbhimukha thavA mATe zarIra ane saMsAra, jIvana ane jagata, svadharma ane svakarmathI vimukha thaIne nahIM, paraMtu saMsAra oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI ane jIvananI vacamAM rahIne A dhyeya prApta karavuM. eTale saMsAra ane jaLojaththAo paDatAM mUkIne giranAra ke himAlayamAM jaIne guphAmAM besI ekAntika sAdhanA karavI, ema nahIM, paraMtu saMsAramAM rahI, enA dharmo bajAvatAM bajAvatAM sAMsArika ane bhautika Asaktio, kAmanAo ane eSaNAothI mukta thaI, jIvamAtramAM rahelA Atmatattva sAthe ekatA sAdhI, emanI sevA dvArA emanuM ane jagatanuM parivartana karI dvaita miTAvI advaitabhAva siddha karavo, evo emano upakrama hato. eTale nivRttiparaka saMnyAsa nahIM, paraMtu pravRttimUlaka saMnyAsa siddha karavAno emano manasUbo hato. satyarUpI paramezvara, je saunA aMtarAtmA vase che ene nyAyadharmanA paMthe ane ahiMsaka mahUtie zodhavo e kAMI saheluM ane saraLa kAma na hatuM. khAMDAnI dhAre cAlavA jevuM e kaThina kAma hatuM. chatAM potAnuM udiSTa emaNe kevI rIte siddha karyuM, kevI rIte karyuM e jANavuM rasaprada bane evuM che. temanuM jIvanakArya (mission) : jIvanamAM preya ane zreya ame be mArgo che. preya eTale priya lAge tevo ane zreyakara eTale kalyAnna kare tevo. moTA bhAganA mANaso premamArga pasaMda kare che, tyAre temaNe zreyamArga grahaNa karyo. teo zreyasAdhaka banyA. potAnuM jIvanasvapna sAkAra karavA temaNe bhAAMtara karaNonI zuddhi mATe kaThaNa sAdhanA karI che. potAnA jIvanane aneka akhatarAovALI prayogazALA banAvI che. aMdhakAra ane sApavIMchIthI DaratI eka gabharuM ane Darapoka vyaktimAMthI koInI okAtatAkAta jene DarAvI na zake, koInI zehazarama ke sattA jene TuMkAvI na zake evA nIDara ane aDaga narottamamAM parivartita karI che. bahAranA virodhIo ane vidveSIone emaNe prema, maitrI, karuNA ane maitrIthI jityo hatA, paNa kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, mada ane matsara jevA AMtara zatruone jItavA emaNe kamara kasI hatI. kAma ane krodhavRttine nAthavA tathA svAdavRttine tyajavA emane bhAre mathAmaNa karavI paDI che. paNa potAnI jAtanA kaDaka parIkSaka thaIne teo satata AtmanirIkSaNa ane AtmapRththakaraNa karatA rahyA hatA. potAnI alpatA ane maryAdAone oLakhavA ane naSTa karavA mathatA rahyA che. potAnA viSayabhoga upara kaDakamAM kaDaka maryAdAo mUkI che. temaNe bhUlo karI che, paNa e bhUlo jAheramAM kabUla karatAM e kadI acakAyA na hatA. ekavAra thaI gayelI bhUla pharI kyAreya na thaI jAya tenI temaNe hamezAM takedArI rAkhI che. dehanI halakI mAgaNIo sAme prAmANikapaNe satata jhajhUmyA che. potAnA ahaMne ogavaLamAM rajakaNathI paNa vadhAre kSudra ane dInahIna thavA teo maLyA che. pada, hodAo ane mobhAnI emaNe kyAreya eSaNA rAkhI na hatI. saMta, mahAtmA, saMnyAsI ke gurupaNAnuM glemara emaNe potAne vaLagavA dIdhuM nathI. teo svapnadaSTA jarUra hatA, paNa taraMgI na hatA. jIvana daramyAna vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 6 7

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temaNe na to koIne zatru mAnyA na to koI joDe zatrutva karyuM. naitika puruSArtha : kyAreya emaNe koI jIvano, prANIno ke koI dharmAvalaMbIno dveSa A saMsAramAM jIvatAM ApaNAM AMtara karaNo para ghaNo mela, paNa karyo. satya sivAya koI rAjaramatanI temane jANakArI na hatI ghaNo kATa caDato rahe che. A mela ane A kATa dUra karavAnI ane ahiMsA sivAya emanI pAse bIjuM koI hathiyAra na hatuM. prakriyA tenuM nAma ja sAdhanA che. mANase sadAcArI rahI naitika mAsaNanA nasIbamAM je je agnikasoTIo AvI paDe che, te jIvana jIvavuM joIe. durguNone dUra karatA jaI saguNono vikAsa paikInI ghaNImAMthI teo pasAra thaI cUkyA hatA. kyAreka emaNe karatA rahevuM enuM nAma ja naitikatA che, evI emanI mAnyatA samatA khoI hatI, paNa potAnA zistabaddha anubhavo ane saMkalpone hovAthI emaNe durguNo oLakhI, dUra karI sadguNo khIlavavAno kAraNe pharI emaNe e prApta karI lIdhI hatI. manuSyanI sArakhamAM ane vikasAvavAno prayatna karyo hato. e mATe zAstrakathita pAMca emane vizvAsa hato ane IzvaranA mAMgalyamAM emane zraddhA rAkhI yatra satya, ahiMsA, asteya, aparigraha ane brahmacaryano svIkAra hatI. aMtarAtmAnA nAnA avAjane sAMbhaLatA rahevAno potAne karyo hato. emAM nItimattAnI dRSTie bIjA cha niyamo umeryA chetaratI e koI AtmavaMcanA to nathI tenI paNa temaNe vArevAre hatAM. jemake aspRzyatA nivAraNa, abhaya, svadezI, svAdatyAga, khAtrI karI, emAM vizvAsa rAkhyo hato. jIvana eka jhaMkhanA che. svAzraya, sarvadharma samabhAva. AvA agiyAra mahAvratonuM poteya enuM dhyeya pUrNatA eTale ke AtmasAkSAtkAra mATe mathavAnuM che. ema pAlana karyuM ane sau AzramavAsIo pAse pAlana paNa karAvyuM. mAnatA gAMdhIjIe je sAdhanA karI che. enuM svarUpa samajIe. ApaNA rojiMdA jIvanavyavahAramAM emaNe keTalIka UNapo joI hatI, potAnA jIvanamAMthI e UNapo dUra karI, navI Tevo vikasAvI sAdhanAnuM svarUpa : hatI ane e rIte loko paNa e navI Tevo pADe e mATe loko potAnuM jIvanasvapna sAkAra karavA ane jIvanakAryane phaLaprada samakSa sAta Agraho upara bhAra mUkatuM rojiMdA jIvananuM je vyAkaraNa karavA emaNe je sAdhanA karI hatI, je puruSArtha karyo hato tene traNa ApyuM che, e paNa emanI naitika vicAra ane puruSArthanuM sUcaka kakSAe vibhAjita karIne ApaNe samajI zakIe. emano bauddhika che. e sAta Agraho eTale samayapAlanano, svacchatA pAlanano, puruSArtha, naitika puruSArtha ane AdhyAtmika puruSArtha. sAdAI ane karakasaranA pAlanano, hisAbanI cokasAInA pAlanano, emaNe jAta, jIvana, jagata ane Izvarane oLakhavA mATe kAmane sarvoparI gaNavAno, vartamAna kSaNe hAtha upara rahelA kAmane bauddhika puruSArtha karyo hato. jAtane samajavA mATe emaNe potAnA ane sAme hoya e mANasane mahattvanA gaNI pharaja bajAvavAno sva-bhAvane, prakRtine ane vRttione oLakhavAnI ceSTA karI ane mAnavapremane ja vaLagI rahevAno. umAzaMkara joSIe eTale hatI. potAnA aMtara garvaranuM satata avalokana karyuM hatuM. eka ja to kahyuM che ke, "gAMdhIjInI eka jagataguru tarIke deNa hoya to mANasa tarIke potAnAmAM rahelI truTio, adhUrapo, Asaktio, te che, emaNe jagata AgaLa mUkeluM jIvana jIvavA mATenuM vyAkaraNa caMcaLatAo vagerenuM vizleSaNa karyuM hatuM. jIvana ane jagatanAM che.'' e ja rIte potAnI vicAraNAmAM prajAnA sAta sAmAjika vyavahAro ane pravRttione samajavA enI sarvathAkatumu anyathAkatu alAka aparAdhonI carcA karI che eno AdhArastaMbha paNa naitikatAno ja adaSTa sattA che. e buddhigamya ke Indriyagamya nathI paraMtu tenI che. teo siddhAntahIna rAjakAraNane, parizramahIna dhanopArjanane, aparokSAnubhUti avazya thAya che. ene emaNe satya kahIne vivekahIna sukhane, cAritrahIna zikSaNane, sadAcArahIna vyavahArane, oLakhAvyo. emanI A 'satya' saMjJA asti, bhAti, zakti ane saMvedanahIna vijJAnane ane vairAgyahIna upAsanAne sAmAjika sukhanI paNa vAcaka che. eno prema ananya che ane enI karuNA aparAdha gaNAve che emAM temano naitika dRSTikoNa abhivyakta thaI asIma che. manuSyanuM jIvana nAzavaMta che paNa eno AtmA nAzavaMta rahyo che. hiMdu-muslima ekatA, aspRzyatA nivAraNa, strIpuruSa nathI. e divya agnino zAzvata taNakho che. manuSyanuM bhautika samAnatA, aphINa ane nazAkhorI jevAM vyasanothI mukti ane jIvane ane zarIra to AMkhanA palakArAmAM naSTa thaI jAya tevuM kAMtaNayatrane potAnI nisabata (inDaDadra)nA sauthI agatyanA anizcita ane bhaMgura che. tethI jIvanamAM manuSyamAtranI prAthamika madA gaNAvyA che. temAM paNa temano naitikano khyAla anusUta che. pharaja e bane che ke e sAvadhAnIpUrvaka AMtaradarzana kare, potAnI rogiSTo. harijano ane vaMcito tathA daridranArAyaNanI sevAnA prakRtine oLakhe, potAnA AMtarazatruo sAthe laDe, potAnI emanA prayatnomAM tathA ucita-anucita kAryano nirNaya karatI nabaLAIone oLaMge, IzvaranI aparokSa anubhUti mATenI vakhate samAjanA chevADAnA mANasane lAbha thaze ke hAni e vAtano bhAvanAne pUrNarUpe vikasAve. AtmAnI majabUta bhUmi upara sthira khyAla karI amala karavAnuM tAvIja ApavAmAM paNa emano naitika thaI vicAre. bole ane varte, AtmAnA avAja anusAra jIvanayApana IrAdo ja kaLAya che. koI paNa kAmane nAnuM ke halakuM gaNyA vagara kare. AMtara nAda sAMbhaLavA jeTalA aMtaHkaraNa zuddha kare. sevAyajJa gaNavAmAM tathA zarIra ane manane vahelI savArathI moDI (68) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018)

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rAta sudhI kAmamAM rokI rAkhavAnA karmayoganA khyAlamAM tathA tene mIMcI levAthI evA ekAga dhyAnamAM sahAya thAya che. mANasanA ja saMnyAsa gaNavAmAM, ane e ja rIte jIvI batAvavAmAM emanI Izvara vizenA khyAlone kudaratI rIte ja ghaNI maryAdA hoya che. naitika sAdhanAno paricaya ApaNane maLe che. tethI, hareka jaNe, potAne IzvaranuM ja svarUpa sauthI vadhAre ruce, te AdhyAtmika puruSArtha : zuddha ane caDAvanAruM hoya, to tenuM dhyAna karavuM joIe, anubhavanA jIvatA jIvata saMsAranA vAsanAbaMdhanothI mukta thaI AdhAre evI himAyata emaNe karI che. AtmasAkSAtkAra pAmavAnA potAnA jIvanadhyeyane siddha karavA temaNe upavAsa haMmezAM eka virala ghaTanA che. te eka mahAzaktivALuM nyAya, dharma, satya ane ahiMsAne kendramAM rAkhIne potAnA jIvanamAM astra che. e yAMtrika rIte na upADI zakAya. e jalada vastu che ane prArthanA, mauna, dhyAna, upavAsa, vatapAlananuM AcaraNa karyuM tathA AvaData vinA upADavAmAM Ave to jokhamakAraka paNa che. e brahmacarya pAlananA, khorAkanA, auSadhanA, kAMtaNanA vagere je IzvaramAM jIvaMta traNa sivAya sAva nirupayogI che. upavAsa to prayogo karyA te adhyAtmanA mArge AgaLa dhapavAnA puruSArthanA nirbheLa satya ane ahiMsAnI bhUmikA upara nirbhara hovo joIe. bhAgarUpe ja karyA hatA. emane ema lAgyuM hatuM ke jema zarIrane upavAsathI ApaNI malina bhAvanAo, mananA vikAro ane tananI mATe khorAka Avazyaka che tema ja AtmAne mATe prArthanA Avazyaka bImArIo dUra thAya che. tethI adhyAtmasAdhanAnI eka bhUmikA che. mANasa khorAka vinA ghaNA dahADA calAve, paNa prArthanA vinA lekhe emaNe upavAso karyA hatA. mANasa kSaNavAra paNa na jIvI zake, na jIvI zakavuM joIe. stuti, teo pote ja nirdhArita karelA vratonuM pAlana paNa A ja upAsanA, prArthanA e vahema nathI, paNa ApaNe khAIe chIe, IrAde karatA hatA. jIvanamAM bhAvo, bhAvanAo ane vicAro pIe chIe, cAlIe chIe, besIe chIe, e badhuM jeTaluM sAcuM ADAavaLA phaMTAI na jAya, eka pravAha rUpe niraMtara AgaLa che tenA karatAMye e (prArthanA) vadhAre sAcI vastu che. prArthanA dhapatAM rahe e mATe adhyAtmasAdhanAmAM vratapAlananI AvazyakatA savAranI cAvI ane sAMjano AgaLo che. e kAMI vANIno vaibhava hoya che. jema bImArImAMthI beThA thavA auSadhonI sAthe keTalIka nathI. tenuM mULa kaMTha nathI paNa hRdaya che. tethI jo ApaNe hRdayanI parejI paNa pALavI paDe, ema adhyAtmasAdhanAmAM manane sthira nirmaLatAne pahoMcIe ke jemAM prema sivAya bIjuM kAMI ja na rahe, karavA, cittane kUti, dIpti ane gati ApavA emaNe vatopAsanA tyAM rahelA tArone susaMgaThita rAkhIe, to emAMthI je sUra nIkaLe karelI hatI. che te sUragaganagAmI bane che. tene sAruM jIbhanI AvazyakatA brahmacaryano pUro ane barobara artha brahmanI zodha che. brahma nathI. e svabhAve ja abhuta vastu che. vikArorUpI maLonI zuddhi saumAM vase che eTale te zodha aMtardhAna ne tethI nipajatAM aMtarnAnathI karavAne sAru hArdika upAsanA jaDIbuTTI che. A lokamAM zAMti ane thAya. e aMtarnAna IndriyonA saMpUrNa saMyama vinA azakya che. tethI sukha ApanAruM sAdhana prArthanA che. sarva Indriyono manathI, vAcAthI ane kAyAthI sarvakSetre sarvakALe ApaNe nirbaLa manuSyo chIe. ApaNe zuM bolIe chIe te saMyama te brahmacarya, evo temano khyAla hovAthI sana 1906mAM 37 ghaNIvAra ApaNe jANatA nathI hotA. ApaNA aMtaranA UMDANamAMthI varSanI bharajuvAna vaye temaNe brahmacaryanI pratijJA laIne jIvananA nIkaLatA atyaMta maMda avAjane jo ApaNe sAMbhaLavA mAgatA aMta sudhI bahmacarya pALyuM. kAmane jItavAnuM saunI mAphaka emane hoIe to satata bolyA karavAthI te ApaNe sAMbhaLI zakIe nahIM. paNa ghaNuM kaThina jaNAyuM hatuM, paraMtu aneka prayogo karI sthiravIrya huM te amUlya bodhapATha samajI gayo chuM; maunanuM rahasya samajI gayo ane UrdhvaretA thavAnI sAdhanA emaNe karelI hatI. chuM, mATe mauna pALuM chuM. satyanA pUjArIe maunanuM sevana karavuM ghaTe. ahiMsAnA mArA saMzodhanamAM mAre vicAro para jeTalA aMkuza hoThane sIvIne koI mauna dhAraNa kare e mauna nathI. jIbha kapAvI karavo joIe. teTalo meM prApta karyo nathI. jo mAre mArI ahiMsAne nAkhe toye mauna thavAya, paNa eya mauna nathI. bolavAnI zakti cepI ane saMkrAmaka banAvavI hoya to mAre mArA vicAro para chatAM je saheje munipaNuM sAcavI zake che e maunadhArI che. prArthanA apekSAthI paNa vadhAre niyaMtraNa lAvavuM jarUrI che, evuM bhAna thatAM Akhare to IzvaranuM smaraNa karavAne ane hRdayamAM rahelA melane ja emaNe vratapAlana ane brahmacarya pAlananI sAdhanA ugra banAvI dhoI kADhI tene zuddha karavAne arthe thAya che ane tethI mauna rahIne manane kAbUmAM levA prayogo karyA hatA. paNa mANasa IzvaranI prArthanA karI zake che. caritra bAMdhavAmAM athavA vikArone kAbUmAM rAkhavAmAM khorAkanuM teo dhyAnamAM paNa besatA. te aMge temano abhiprAya evo mahattva che. ema samajI emaNe khorAkanA ane AhAranA prayogo hato ke potAnI bhaktinA pAtra sivAya bAkInA badhA padArtho karyA hatA. zarIra, mana ane buddhine sAtvika rAkhavA mATe tathA parathI mananI AMkha tema ja kAnane kheMcI laIne baMdha karI devA, e svAthya jALavI rAkhavA mATe emaNe karelA A badhA prayogo paNa dhyAna karavAno sAco rasto che, tethI, prArthanA daramyAna AMkho emanI adhyAtmasAdhanAnA bhAgarUpa ja hatA. oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (6 9

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dAktarIvidyA sAme emano vAMdho e kAraNe hato ke teo adhamUo thaI jAya, tyAre zraddhA eno saMbala banI hUMpha ane prakAza AtmAnI sAva upekSA kare che ane zarIra jevA takalAdI yaMtrane Ape evI emanI dhAraNA hatI. zraddhA e ApaNI aMdara rahelA sudhAravAmAM potAnI zakti vApare che. Atmatattvane avagaNIne IzvaracetanAnI lazruti che. jene zraddhA meLavI che, ane bIjA kazA e vidyA mANasane potAnI dayA upara AdhAra rAkhato karI de che. AdhAranI jarUra nathI. AdhyAtmika UMcAI siddha kare evI acaLa tethI teo e abhiprAya upara AvyA hatA ke cikitsAmAM davAo ane jIvaMta zraddhA temanAmAM hatI. upara ochAmAM ocho AdhAra rAkhIne kudaratanI rogahAraka zakti AvI pratIti hovAne kAraNe temaNe Izvara pAse pUrNa zaraNAgati para vadhu madAra rAkhavo joIe. A kAraNe temaNe prAkRtika sivAya kazuM mAgyuM na hatuM. satyarUpI Izvarane pUrNarUpe samarpita thaI cikitsapati (naturpathy) upara vizvAsa mUkI, upavAsa, potAno ahaM ogALavAnI emaNe sAdhanA karI hatI. piMDamAM anazana, phaLAhAra, alpAhAra, parejI vagerenA prayogo karI brAhmaNane ane brahmAMDamAM piMDane jovAnI, satya prema ane karuNAnI potAnI ane anyanI sAravAra karI hatI. nirogI rahevA mANase keDIe cAlIne sAMsArika bhautika patha paDato mUkI, cIlo cAtarI, pote ja potAnA DaoNkTara thaI nirAmayatA ane adhyAtmiktA prApta je pariNAma Ave te bhogavavAnI taiyArI sAthe jIvanarAha apanAvyo, karavI joIe, evA emanA vicAro ane prayogo paNa emanI temAM temaNe sukha ane AnaMdano anubhava meLavyo hato. adhyAtmasAdhanAnA anusaMdhAnamAM ja hatA. upasaMhAra : jIvanamAM mUDI karatAM zarIrazramanuM vadhAre mahattva hovuM joIe. potAnI AvI adhyAtmasAdhanA vaDe teo zuM pAmyA hatA e dvArA zarIra nirogI rahe ane sthAnika kakSAe rojagArI paNa evo prazna thAya to eka sAdhaka tarIke emane pUrNa saphaLatA bhale maLI rahe e hetuthI emaNe grAmodhyoga, kuTira udyoga ane jAta maLI na hatI, paNa sarerAza manuSya mATe durlabha che, evI mathAmaNonI hunnaranI himAyata karI enA sAdhana tarIke reMTiyAne ane kAMtaNane moja emaNe mANI hatI. teo eka bAbatamAM spaSTa hatA ke yajJanuM svarUpa ApI, ene lokapriya banAvavAnA je prayogo karyA "mArAM tapa, anazana ane prArthanA mane sudhAraze evo AdhAra hatA, te paNa AdhyAtmika sAdhanAne dRSTie mahattvanA eTalA rAkhIne huM besI rahuM to e badhAMnI kazI kiMmata nathI e huM jANuM mATe hatA ke kAMtaNa sAthe IzvaranuM nAmasmaraNa paNa thatuM rahe, chuM. paNa AzA rAkhuM chuM ke e badhAM eka AtmAnI, tenA sarjanahArane zarIra, mana, vicAranI ekAgratA paNa sadhAya. khoLe enuM thAkeluM zira mUkI devAnI tAlAvelInAM lakSaNa che. ema jema jIvananAM anya kSetromAM tema rAjakAraNI pravRttimAM paNa hoya to e badhAMnI pAra vinAnI kiMmata che.'' eTale bahu sUjhabUjha temaNe satyAgraha, savinaya, kAnUnabhaMga, asahakAra vagerenA prayogo pUrvaka niSThA ane nisabata sAthe teo sAdhanAne paMthe AgaLa vadhyA karyA te rAjakAraNane gaMdI ane melI rAjaramato, uchaMkhalatA, hatA. emane ema paNa lAgyuM hatuM ke teo Izvara pratye pragati karI ApakhudazAhI, julamI zAsana jevAM dUSaNothI bacAvavA mATenA rahyA hatA. IzvaranI saMnidhinA prakAzanI hUMpha paNa teo anubhavatA hatA. zAsanamAM lokasamUhanA zANapaNa sAthenI enI bhAgIdArI hatA. jo ke temane IzvaranAM hAjarAhajUra darzana thayA nathI, evuM rahe ane sattA koI ekakendramAM ekaThI thavAne badale samAjanA temaNe kahyuM che. sAthe emaNe ema paNa kahyuM che ke Izvarano jIvaMta judA judA stare vikendrita rahe. rAjakAraNa paNa dharmaAdhArita rahe sAkSAtkAra azakya che. e jarUrI paNa nathI. Izvara sAkSAtkAra e e mATe emaNe karelA prayogo paNa emanI sAdhanAnA bhAgarUpa ja atIndriya anubhava che. potAnA hRdayamAM enI satata hAjarIno hatA. emane ahesAsa thato hato. potAnI aDIopaTI mUMjhavaNa muzkelInA e ja rIte phiniksa Azrama, TaoNlasToyaphArma, sAbaramatI samaye emane IzvarI sahAyanA paNa keTalAka anubhavo thayA hatA. Azrama, sevAzrama vagere Azramo sthApI tyAM emaNe samudAyane sAdhako jena anAhatanAda'ne nAme oLakhAve che, evA tana, mana, dhanane keLavavAnI je zikSA dIkSA ApI, naitika zikSaNa, aMtaranA avAjane sAMbhaLavAnI kSamatA temaNe prApta karI hatI. kanyAzikSaNa ane cAritraghaDatarano Agraha rAkhyo, e badhA prayogo AraMbhamAM e avAja nAno ane dhImo hato, paNa dhIme dhIme e paNa emanI vyApaka sAdhanAnA eka aMtarvatI bhAgarUpa hatA. moTo ane spaSTa thato, zakti ane baLa Apato emaNe anubhavyo Ama satya, satyAgraha, svarAjya, svadezI ane sarvodayano hato. potAnA aMtarAtmA pAsethI spaSTarUpe maLatA zabdorUpe temaNe mahimA karI ene vikasAvIne daDhamUla karatA vicAro ane prayogo, e anubhavyo hato. koI ene emanI manobhamaNA na mAne e e paNa emanI sAdhanAnA aMgabhUta bhAgo hatA. buddhi ApaNane vAste emaNe pote kahyuM che ke, duniyAnI koI vAta ke tAkAta mArI ApaNI takalIphomAM amuka hada sudhI ja sahAya karI zake. atyaMta e mAnyatAmAMthI mane calita karI zake ema nathI ke evo avAja nAjuka kSaNe e niSphaLa jAya. jyAre zraddhA ene atikramI jAya che. meM sAMbhaLyo na hoya. e mArA astitva karatAM paNa vadhAre vAstavika jyAre jIvanamAM cArebAju aMdhakAra chavAI jAya, mAnavatarka jyAre hato.' satyano A bodha sUryanA prakhara prakAzathI paNa vadhAre tejasvI (70) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018)

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emane jaNAyo hato. A prakAze jyAre emanA AMtara guMja ane puruSa, emane choDIne, bIjA keTalA? nakkI teo dhyeyasAdhaka doravA ane preravAnuM zarU karyuM tyAre emaNe jAtanA, jIvananA, AtmapuruSa hatA. A vAtanI jikara ApaNe bhAratavAsI ja jagatanA ane rASTranA aneka praznomAM AMtarasUjha ke AMtarapreraNArUpe karIe chIe, evuM nathI. AkhI mAnavajAte e vAta svIkArI che. ukelo ane mArgadarzana ApyAM hatAM. e kAraNe emanI zraddhA 31mI jAnyuArI, 1948nA potAnA aMkamAM mAncesTara gArDiyana' emanA aMtaraAtmA upara hatI. AjhAda bhAratanuM prathama nAmanA patrae lakhyuM hatuM : "e evI vyakti hatI, jemaNe dharmano vaDApradhAnapada kone ApavuM, hiMdustAnathI juvAru laI alaga thatAM artha ane tenAM mUlya vizenI amArI dhAraNAne punarjivIta karI pAkistAnane keTalI milakata ApavI evI atyaMta mahattvanI ane tAjI karI.' to sTepharDa krise ema kahyuM che ke "amArA samasyAothI mAMDI aneka saMkula ane jaTila samasyAonA ukela jamAnAmAM vizvamAM gAMdhIjI karatAM vadhu moTo AdhyAtmika netA mATe emaNe potAnA aMtaraAtmAnuM ja mArgadarzana lIdhuM che. pedA thayo nathI.' aMtaraAtmA sivAya anya koInI kyAreya emaNe salAha lIdhI na 'kadamba baMgalo, 35, prophesarsa sosAyaTI, aMtarano Avo avAja bhale Acho hoya chatAM manuSyanI saurASTra kaoNlonI pAse, moTA bajAra, Atamajyotane pradIpta karanAro ane enA prANAgnine pragaTAvanAro hoya che. jemano prANAgni pragaTI gayo hoya ane Atamajyota vallabha vidyAnagara -388120 phona naM. 09727333OOO pradIpta thaI hoya evA jIvananA kalAdhara ane AtmakAma prANa hatI. Sardar Patel, Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru (Seated R ToL), 1946 oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya ahiMsA- aparigraha) (71)

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A Leader Who Never Lead : Mohandas Gandhi Tushar A. Gandhi tuSAra gAMdhI 17 jAnyuArI 1960 nA janmelA temanA pitA aruNa maNilAla gAMdhI hatA teo Adarza vinaya maMdira gujarAtI mAdhyamamAM bhaNatA hatA. tuSAra gAMdhI mahAtmA gAMdhI phAunDezana calAve che teo osTreliyana inDiyana rUrala DevalapamenTa phAunDezananA ceramena che. hAlamAM temane lakhela pustaka Let's Kill Gandhi mAM ApaNane itihAsanA mahatvanA dastAvejo prApta thayA che. 'Only he can be leader Who never loses hope'- the Ashramites saw and emulated. When Bapu Bapu Ke Ashirwad : February 12, 1946 Made the practice of the 11 vows, Edadash Vrat, What can be a better and simpler definition of "Ahimsa Satya Asteya Bhramhcharya Aparigraha a leader than this and what can be more profound Sharirashrama Aswada Sarvatra Bhayavarjana in its simplicity. Mohandas Gandhi, Bapu, not only Sarva Dharma Samanatva Swadeshi Sparsha believed in this but embodied this statement. He Bhavana'. compulsory he was living living these did not lose hope of bringing about a change after without preaching them or making a show of doing being thrown out of the train at Peitermaritzburg so. 'An ounce of Practice is of more significance Station in South Africa, nor did he give up hope after than a Ton of preaching' Bapu believed, and so it the out break of violence by Satyagrahis in Chauri was easy for his followers to believe him and follow Chaura during the first Civil Disobedience suit. Today leaders thrive on preaching and movement which he suspended when all his confusing their followers, they frown upon and colleagues felt that they were on the verge of a discourage the habit of questioning and allowing victory. Only Bapu was confident that he could their followers to express discontent or and suspend the movement and revive it later when he disagreeing opinion. was more confident about the preparedness of his When Bapu suggested that the next Non people and their discipline. Cooperation Movement would begin with the Many other leaders become hostages of their breaking of the Salt Monopoly brutally imposed by followers and are fearful of their backlash if the the Colonial Regime, after he marched from leaders were to admoish or criticize them or were Sabarmati to Dandi and picked up a fist full of salt to order them to stop and that's where we see from the sea shore and declared that the Salt Law movements and especially protests turn into ugly of the British was broken. Many senior leaders of incidents of rioting and arson and the leaders unable the Congress were not convinced and were to control the protests that they themselves planned opposed to the proposal. Sardar Patel disagreed and launched. This is not leadership, a leader is and argued about the foolishness of the proposal like a puppeteer, only one who has the ability of Bapu gave him a patient hearing and finally those who have intelligence and rational thinking convinced Sardar, who then look the responsibility and yet like a master puppeteer, the leader controls of organising the protest. It was Sardar who finalised their every action and is able to confine them to a the route of the march and spread the message of restricted arena or actions. Bapu exhibited these the Namak Satyagraha and he was the first leader ability through out his entire life in his public entity who was arrested and imprisoned even before as well as in the Ashram life. Bapu began the Dandi Kooch. Thatswhy Sardar In the Ashram to as a head of the Ashram Bapu Saheb was absent while Bapu marched to Dandi performed all the acts, the Ashram rituals him self and the subsequent Salt Satyagraha. The other and made them into a daily natural habit, this is what senior leader of the Congress to voice his dissent (72) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018)

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with the idea of the Dandi Kooch and Salt fact that a great leader had the resolve and Satyagraha was Motilal Nehru ji. He wrote a confidence to go it alone with out becoming a twentytwo page letter to Bapu with a point by point hostage to the opposition of those who disagreed explonation why Bapu's proposed move would fail with him or defied his or her decision. Like Gurudev and pose his future leadership in danger and how wrote 'Joki tor haak shunee koi na aashe tomi ekla the Congress would loose the people's trust and Chalo Re...'Bapu had the courage to tread a lonely support. In reply Bapu wrote 'adarniya Motilalji, Kar path, this is a hallmark of a true leader. Ke Dekhien.' Any other leader would have taken 'Those who claim to lead the masses must such a short reply as an insult and rejected Bapu's resolutely refuse to be lead by them..... in matters leadership but Motilalji accepted Bapu's firman and of vital importance, leaders must act contrary to the after Bapu had symbolically broken the Salt Law at mass opinion, if it does not commend itself to their Dandi and asked the people to follow. Motilal ji opinion.'- M.K. Gandhi; Young India; July 14, 1920. declared in Allhabad that he would break the salt Bapu never aspired to become a leader, his law by leading a satyagraha in Alhabad. By then ambition was always to serve the people and the the viceroy had ordered that the satyagraha must cause to the best of his ability, and the honesty of be crushed by every means and the leaders must his method was always of paramount importance, be immediately arrested so that the movement even more so than his desired objective. This sets would become leaderless and flounder. After the him apart as a leader. announcement when Motilalji reached his home, the Mohandas truly never lead or aspired to become Police Commissionaire was waiting for him with an a leader. All his life he aspired to serve and be a arrest warrant. The last thing Motilalji did before servant of his people and of the cause, and this is going to prison was to send a telegram to Bapu what made him to become a leader who has no stating 'Adarniya Gandhiji, Karne se Pehle hi parallel. This is what turned Mohandas into Bapu. Dekhiya!' This was the confidence of a true leader and such was his honesty and humility that his 9, sukharAma gRha, subordnates and contemporaries had the freedom sara viThThaladAsa nagara, to question his decision and seek that he convinces sarojinI roDa, sAMtAkrujha (vesTa) them before they obey him. This also illustrates the muMbaI - 400054. phaLAhAramAMthI annAhAra bApu eka vAra kalakatte gayA hatA ane tyAM bhUpendranAtha vasune tyAM utarelA. tyAre bApU kevaLa phaLAhAra karatA baMgALIonI AgatAsvAgatA jANItI che. lIlo ne sUko mevo jeTalo maLyo teTalo bhego karyo ane temAMthI jeTalI vAnagIo banAvI zakAya teTalI banAvarAvIne bApu AgaLa mUkavAmAM AvI. bApU A joIne coMkyA. kahevA lAgyA, "A zuM? mArA jevA sAdAI pasaMda karanArane mATe ATalI badhI mAthAkUTa!'' bApUe tarata vrata lIdhuM. "have roja kudaratI pAMca vastuo uparAMta eka paNa vadhAre cIja khAIza nahIM.'' thoDA divasa pachI bApune samajAyuM ke hiMdustAna e dakSiNa AphrikA nathI. ne ahIM phaLa sahelAIthI nathI maLatAM. dakSiNa AphrikAmAM keLo, anenAsa, sapharajana, saMtarAM vagere phaLa sahelAIthI maLatA ane teo dharAIne khAtA. bApu khAvAmAM pAchA paDe evA nahotA. temaNe joyuM ke hiMdustAnamAM phaLAhAra nahIM cAlI zake, tyAre jyAM jAya tyAM zekelI magaphaLI sAthe laI javA lAgyA. nALiyera maLe to tenuM paNa dUdha letA. paNa aMte ghaNo vicAra karyA pachI TharAvyuM ke hiMdustAnamAM anAja lIdhA vagara nahIM cAle. tyArathI bhAta, roTalI ke khIMcaDI khAvA lAgyA. pachI emane lAgyuM ke have anAja laIe chIe to mIThuM paNa levuM joIe, eTale te paNa zarU karyuM. oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha, (7 3

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gAMdhIjInI vakIlAta bhAskara tannA vikhyAta dhArAzAstrI, gujarAta hAikorTa ane suprima korTanA siniyara eDavokeTa, aneka saMsthAo ane saMsthAonA mArgadarzaka ane salAhakAra. vizALa vAcana ane bahoLA anubhavane kAraNe pariSkRta ruci dharAvatA vicAraka, vizleSaka, kaTAralekhaka aneka saMsthAonA peTana pU. gAMdhIjI vakIlAtanuM bhaNavA mATe ane berIsTara thavA mATe jJAtinA virodha chatAM IMglenDa gayA ane berIsTara thayA. vAstavamAM teoe mAtra kAyadAno ja abhyAsa karelo chatAM ApaNe emanA jIvanakALa daramyAna joyuM ke jIjJAsA ane kutUhalavRtti temanAmAM ghaNI ja hatI. muMbaI khAte hAIkorTamAM ane tyAra bAda rAjakoTa khAte ejansImAM temaNe prekTIsa karI. svAbhAvika rIte te jamAnAmAM koIpaNa dhArAzAstrInI tAtkAlika vadhAre Avaka thavAno saMbhava dhaNA kAraNasara ocho hato ane ghaNA dhArAzAstrIo ane nyAyamUrtizrIoe temanI AtmakathAmAM evuM lakhyuM che ke temanI prekTIsa jAmavAmAM sAro evo samaya lAgelo. tethI gAMdhIjI niSphaLa vakIla hatA tevuM kahevuM taddana ayogya che. kAyadAnA upayoganA saMdarbhamAM mULabhUta rIte gAMdhIjI potAnA anubhava, vAMcana ane saMskAra siMcanane kAraNe amuka sidhdhAMta nakkI karelA ane temAMthI te koI rIte DagavuM nahIM tema nakkI karIne beThelA. Aje paNa nyAyanI adAlatomAM 'satyameva jayate' nuM sUtra lakhAya che ane gAMdhIjIe temanA samagra jIvana ane kArakirdImAM ane prekTIsamAM te svIkAryuM hatuM. A uparAMta be-traNa bIjA agatyanA siddhAMta temaNe svayaM sphUraNAthI nakkI karelA, jemAM be siddhAMto bahu AMkhe vaLage tema che. prathama satyano pakSa kheMcavo ane je asIla temanI pAse Ave te asIlane spaSTa rIte sUcanA ApavI ke badhI hakIkato sAcI rIte temane jaNAve. teo kAyadAno durUpayoga asatyanA AcaraNakartA asIlo mATe vAparatA nahIM ane tyAM sudhI kahetA ke temane lAgaze ke sAcI hakIkato temane kahevAmAM Avela nathI to asIlone temanA kesanA kAgaLo pAchA paNa ApI detAM acakAtA nahIM. bIjuM, sAmevALA asIlane teo duzmana mAnatA nahIM ane temanI sAthe paNa premabhAvapUrvaka vartana karatA. vaLI teo ema mAnatA ke baMne jhaghaDatA pakSakAro vacce jo samAdhAna thaI zakatuM hoya to te karavA prayatna karavo ane te mATe temanI kArakirdInI zarUAtathI temanA jIvanakALanA aMta sudhI A kAma temaNe karyo rAkhyuM. trIjuM, te vakIlAtamAM bahu zarUAtamAM zIkhelA ke satya hakIkato jo koIpaNa dhArAzAstrI samaje ane pachI kAyadAno temAM upayoga kare to 75 thI 80 TakA paristhiti spaSTa thaI jAya pachI kAyadAno upayoga thAya. AjakAlanA jamAnAmAM satyAgraha have durAgraha banI gayo che. tevA saMjogomAM gAMdhIjI kAyado barAbara samajI, pacAvI ane temanAmAM rahelI visaMgatatAo tarapha kAyadAnA siddhAMta mujaba je paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka oNkTobara- 2018 gAMdhIjI vize ghaNA loko evI gerasamaja dharAve che ke teo saphaLa vakIla hatA nahIM je mAnyatA taddana bhUla bharelI che. dAdA abdulAnI meTara mATe gAMdhIjI sAutha AphrIkA gayA tyAra pachIno itihAsa jANIto che paraMtu ghaNA ochA lokA jANe che ke teo 20 varSa AphIkA rahyA te daramyAna temanI tyAM dhIkatI prekTIsa hatI ane e jamAnAmAM paNa sArI evI Avaka teo meLavatA hatA. Darabana ane nAtAla temaja bIjA vistAromAM teo gAMdhIbhAInA hulAmaNA nAme prasiddha hatA. pU. gAMdhIjInA jIvanakALanuM ApaNe vihaMgAvalokana karIe to kAyadAnA jJAnano temaNe vakIlAtamAM temaja tyAra pachInI caLavaLomAM ane AMdolanomAM yathA ucita upayoga karyo te spaSTa rIte tarI Ave tema che ane aneka dAkhalAo dvArA e spaSTa thAya che. temanA pU. mAtuzrIe temanAmAM je saMskAra siMcana karyuM te temane satya ane nyAyanI tarapha dorI jAya tevuM hatuM. A mULabhUta pAyo mahattvano hato. temanA mAtuzrI vaiSNava dharmanA hovA chatAM eka jaina muni pAsethI mArgadarzana meLavatA ane gAMdhIjI paradeza gayA tyAra pahelAM tapasvI jaina muni pAsethI je mArgadarzana meLavyuM temAM paNa nyAyanI mULabhUta bAbatano samAveza thAya che. IMglenDanA abhyAsa daramyAna be-traNa bAbatono temane spaSTa phAyado thayo. prathama jeno sAmrAjayamAM sUraja DUbato nahIM tevA briTIza saltanatanA anekavidha kAyadAono ane vaNalakhI praNAlikAono temane pratyakSa anubhava thayo. bIjuM, temano aMgrejIno mahAvaro vadhato gayo ane tethI gAMdhIjI badhA ja TharAvo athavA patro taiyAra karatA temAM A baMne bArIkAIo spaSTa rIte dekhAI hatI. trIjuM, vicAro vyakta karavAnI hathoTI temanA iMglenDa nivAsa daramyAna maLI ane vyaktRtvakaLA dhIme dhIme vikasavA mAMDI. 7 4 satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha

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te sakSama adhikArI pAse rajUAta karI-karAvI temAM pheraphAra karAvavAnI karavA mATe koIne protsAhana ApavuM na joIe ane pakSakAro vinaMtI je te adhikArIne ApatA. A vakhate sadbhAvanA rAkhavI vacce jhaghaDA vadhAravA mATe prayatna na karavA joIe. ane dveSa nahIM rAkhavo ane bhASA paNa ziSTa rAkhavI te temano samAja tyAre ja sAro thaze ke jyAre korTone badale samAdhAnathI siddhAMta hato. jhaghaDAonono nikAla karavAmAM Ave. teo mAnatA ke je kAyado sAutha AphrikAthI hiMdI samudAyamAM 20varSanI dhIkatI vakIlAta anyAyI hoya te ahiMsAno eka prakAra che. A sidhdhAMta upara thavAnuM kAraNa mukhyatve A badhA sidhdhAMto hatA. khoTI vyakti gAMdhIjInA badhA ja AMdolano ane caLavaLa thayelA ane tethI gAMdhIjI pAse kesa laIne jatI ja nahIM kAraNa ke temanI e temaNe ''savinaya kAnUna bhaMga'' nAma ApeluM. teo tyAre paNa bAbatanI khyAti hatI. nyAyAdhIzo pAse emaNe evI chApa UbhI ema mAnatA ke nAma. korTomAM koI asIla jAya te temanA mATe karelI ke teo khoTI dalIlo nahIM kare, asatyanuM AcaraNa nahIM bahu moMghuM paDe che ane te AkhI vyavasthA khoTI che vaLI garIba kare ane praznono ukela lAvavAnI tatparatA batAvaze, e traNe mANaso mATe sArAmAM sArI pratibhA dharAvatA vakIlo prApya hovA bAbato nyAyAdhIzo, vakIlo ane sAutha AphrikAnI hiMdI prajAmAM joIe. kadAca A baMne sidhdhAMtomAMthI lokaadAlata ane kAnunI bahu spaSTa hatI ane te pariNAme teonI prekTIsa te jamAnAmAM sevA ane sahAyanI samitionI racanA karavAmAM AvI haze. mahinAnI cAra AMkaDAmAM hatI. temaNe eka saraLa udAharaNa ApIne kahyuM che ke asIlanI vAta te vakhate AphrikAmAM ane amuka aMze bhAratamAM raMgabheda ane vyAjabI na hoya to khoTo bacAva karavAno artha nathI, jema ke dAdA AbhaDacheda, cAlu hatAM. vizeSamAM bhAratanuM baMdhAraNa amalamAM abdulAnA kesamAM DarabanamAM lavAda mAraphate takarArano niveDo AvyuM tyAM sudhI mULabhUta adhikAro nAgariko ane vyaktio pAse lAvI gAMdhIjIe sAmAvALAne A rakama cukavavA mATe vyAjabI hatA nahIM ane koI kAyado baMdhAraNathI vimukha che te puravAra haptA karI ApavA tevuM temanA asIlane kahyuM hatuM ane pariNAme karavAnI taka hatI nahIM. bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to koIpaNa A sidhdhAMto temane maLelA sauthI pahelA ane moTA kesamAM vAparyA kAyadAnI baMdhAraNIyatA paDakAravAnI taka hatI nahIM. AthI gAMdhIjIe ane tethI pachI samagra jIvanakALa daramyAna temaNe e vAparyA. kAyadAnI sthApita praNAlikA mujaba e kAyadAmAM rahelI UNapo alabatta anyAya thAya to sahana na karavo joIe ane te ane kSatio dUra karavA mATe sakSama adhikArIno saMparka karatA ane saMjogomAM samajAvaTathI kAma na pate to laDavuM joIe ema paNa te saMjogomAM ghaNI vakhata jyAre bhaviSyamAM savinaya bhaMganI caLavaLa teo daDhapaNe mAnatA. pITaramArInjhabargamAM temane pharsTakalAsanA upADe tyAre temane ema kahevAnI taka maLatI hatI ke je te DabbAmAMthI kADhavAmAM AvyA tyAre tevo anyAya sahana karavAne kAyadAnI gerakAyadesaratA, UNapo, kSatio sudhAravAnI puratI badale teo vyavasthita rIte laDatA gayA ane A ja anubhave rajUAto temaNe karelI. sAutha AphritAnA hiMdI samudAyone thatAM anyAya sAme temaNe be gAMdhIjI ema mAnatA ke eka vakIlanI sauthI pahelI pharaja moTI laDato karelI je have jagaprasiddha che. parataMtra bhAratamAM je pakSakArone joDe lAvIne tenI takarAra dUra karavI ane teo pote AMdolano ane caLavaLo temaNe upADyAM temAM kAyadAnI bArIkI, ja kahe che te mUjaba A praNAlikAonI amala karavAthI vakIlone satyano pakSa ane anyAyI kAyadA sAmenI laData mULabhUta rIte koI nANAMkIya nukazAna thatuM nathI. e mAnyatA tadana bhUla bharelI samAyelI che. dAMDIkUca vakhate 'nA kara' nI AkhI laData eka che ke vakIlAtanI prekTIsa karavA mATe satya joDe samAdhAna karavuM paDe anyAyI kAyadA sAme samagra rIte badhI ja prakriyAno amala karyA ane teno prayoga gAMdhIjIe avAranavAra karyo hato. satya ane pachI savinaya kAnUna bhaMganA prayoga tarIke AkhA vizvamAM pramANikatA temanA pAyAnA sidhdhAMtomAM hatA. teo tyAre paNa svIkAravAmAM AvI. tyAra pachIno itihAsa evI mahAsattA sAme ema mAnatA hatA ke vakIlo bahu moTI phI le che ane temaNe laDavAnI tAkAta maLI ema kahI zakAya. potAnA anubhave joyuM ke dhIme dhIme jANe ajANe temanA asIlo teo spaSTapaNe mAnatA ke atyaMta medhAvI dhArAzAstrIe mATe vakIla asatyanuM AcaraNa karatA hoya che. teoe sidhdhAMtanI temano samaya cokkasa daridranArAyaNa mATe vAparavo te emanI spaSTa rIte virudhdha hatA ke eka vakIlanI pharaja te jANato hovA pharaja gaNavI joIe. eka bIjo temano agatyano sidhdhAMta e chatAM temano asIla doSita che tene bacAvavAnI tenI pharaja che. hato ke je prathamadaSTie sAmyavAdInA sidhdhAMto jevo lAge paNa AthI sArA vakIle satya ane sevA pahelAM AgaLa rAkhavuM joIe teo mAnatA ke nAnAmAM nAnA mANasathI mAMDIne moTAmAM moTo ane vyavasAyika valaNa tenA pachI levuM joIe. gAMdhIjI ema vyAvasAyika kAma karatA mANasane Avaka ane pagAra sarakhA hovA mAnatA ke dareka vyaktimAM cokkasa kazuM sArApaNuM raheluM che ane te joIe tethI samAjamAM samAnatA rahe. tethI teo kahetA vakIlonI temaNe temanA vyavasAyamAM anusaravuM joIe. vakIloe jhaghaDo Avaka paNa eka kArIgara jeTalI hovI joIe. gAMdhIjI deDhapaNe oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (75)

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mAnatA ke samAja jo vakIlanI pratibhA heThaLa dabAyo na hoya ane teo evuM paNa mAnatA ke dareka rAjyanI adAlato tenI vaccenA dalAlo kAnUnI kSetramAM na hoya to samAja vadhAre sukhI prAMtIya bhASAmAM hovI joIe ane nyAya sasto ane jhaDapI hovo jiMdagI jIvI zakaze. teone sogaMda para khoTA sAkSI ApanAra joIe. teo eka sadI pahelAM mAnatA ke nyAyataMtra paisAdAra tarapha atyaMta cIDa hatI. te vakhate je jyurI sIsTama hatI e aMge mANasonI mojazokhanI bAbata che ane jugArIonI jema AnaMdanI teo dRDhapaNe mAnatA ke ghaNI vakhate jyurInA sabhyo lAgaNImAM bAbata che. temanA zabdo keTalA sAcA che te Aje ApaNane AvI jaI khoTA nirNaya karatA hoya che ane tevA saMjogomAM te khyAlamAM Ave che. kAyado hAthamAM levAnI sattA koIne nathI ane sIsTama dUra karavI joIe. vAstavamAM nANAMvaTI kesa bAda ApaNe teno koI apavAda hoI zake nahIM. Aje jyAre koI rAjyanA sIsTama kADhI paNa nAkhI. mukhyamaMtrI dharaNA kare che ke koI khyAti mATe AmaraNAMta upavAsa teono evo Agraha hato ke ApaNe badhI ja jagyAe kare che tyAre A zabdo keTalA yathArtha che te samajI zakAya tema che. IgleDanI nakala karavAnI jarUra nathI ane tethI nyAyataMtramAM gAMdhIjI ema mAnatA ke jyAre koI kara levAmAM Ave tyAre bhraSTAcAravihIna taTastha ane sakSama nyAyamUrtio hovA joIe. jeTalo kara te vyakti Ape tenA karatAM dasa gaNI sevAo lokone svataMtra bhAratanA nyAyataMtra mATe emanI evI kalpanA hatI ke temAM sarakAra taraphathI maLavI joIe ane to ja te kAyado pALavAmAM gunho thato haze paraMtu gunhegAronI saMkhyA vadhAre nahIM hoya. teo Avaze. kamanasIbe Aje A paristhiti ApaNe lAvI zakyA mAnatA ke gunho karavAnI bhAvanA eka mAnasika paristhiti che nathI. 100 varSa pahelAM gAMdhIjIe ema paNa kaheluM ke pradhAnoe ane je sAmAjika paristhiti te vakhate pravartatI hatI tenA kAraNe nyAyataMtrane bhalAmaNa karavAnuM vicAravuM na joIe athavA to gunhA thatA ane vadhatA ane tethI gunhegArane sajA karavAne badale nyAyamUrtione badalavAno paNa prayAsa na karavo joIe ane tema temane sudhAravA joIe. sAutha AphrikAmAM temanA para hIcakAro jo karavAmAM Avaze to lokazAhI ane kAyadAno sareAma bhaMga humalo thayo hato ane teo adhamUvA thayA hatA chatAM temaNe je thayelo gaNAze. A vAkya Aje paNa keTaluM yathArtha che te samajI vyaktie temanA para humalo karyo hato tene choDI mukavo joIe zakAya. tevI apIla karI hatI. gAMdhIjInI hatyA mATe nAthurAma goDasene gAMdhIjIe lakhANo dvArA jAgRti lAvavAno prayAsa karyo hato sajA na karavI joIe tevI vinaMtI temanA vArasadAroe e vakhate ane DarabanamAM temaNe potAnuM presa paNa cAlu kareluM. avAranavAra cAlatAM khaTalAmAM karelI. A lakhANo dvArA thatAM anyAya sAme teo nirbhIkapaNe avAja teo ghaNI vakhata kahetA ke nyAyanI devInI AMkha upara pATA uThAvatA ane lokajAgRti UbhI karatA. gAMdhIjIe temanI bAMdhavAmAM AvelA che. teno artha ema nathI ke nyAya AMdhaLo che. zarUAtanI kArakirdImAM rAjakoTanA briTIza ejanTane temanA bhAInI paraMtu tenI pAchaLano hetu e che ke mANasonA bAhya dekhAvathI bhalAmaNa karavA mATe prayatna karyo hato te polITIkala ejanTa nyAyanI devI nirNaya karatI nathI. gAMdhIjInuM haDahaDatu apamAna kareluM jenA pRthakkaraNa upara samajAyuM Aje jyAre gAMdhIjInA uparyukta sidhdhAMtone yAda karIe ke temano te prayAsa khoTo hato ane tyArabAda je khoTuM hoya te chIe tyAre ema jarUra lAge ke svataMtra bhAratanI sarakAroe te bAbatanI rajUAta teo karatA nahIM. gAMdhIjInI sAutha AphrikAnI tarapha durlakSa sevyuM che. teo mAnatA ke koIpaNa vyaktine phAMsIe kArakirdImAM eka evo kesa paNa Avyo hato ke jyAM gAMdhIjIe caDAvavo joIe nahIM ane teo daDhapaNe mAnatA ke bhagavAna temanA asIle khoTI bAbato kahI hatI ane chupAvI hatI ane ApaNane jiMdagI Ape che tyAre mAtra bhagavAna e jiMdagI pAchI jyAre gAMdhIjIne A bAbatanI khabara paDI tyAre nAma. korTanI levAno adhikAra dharAve che. Aje jyAre phAMsInI sajAnA kAyado maMjurI laI nikhAlasapaNe korTane kahyuM ke te kesamAMthI temane phArega karavAmAM Ave che tyAre gAMdhIjIno pAyAno sidhdhAMta ke gunho karavAmAM Ave. A bAbatanI asara te vakhatanA nyAyadhIza upara karavAnI bhAvanA hovI e eka mAnasika roga che ane te mANasanA paNa paDI hatI ane Akhare asIla potAnI bhUla samajyA ane manano sudhAro karavo joIe. te AjhAdI maLyAnA 70 varSa pachI gAMdhIjIe te bAbatamAM samAdhAna karavAnI temanA asIlane salAha paNa saMsada ane rAjakartAone samajAyuM nathI. teo spaSTapaNe ApelI. mAnatA ke AjhAdI AvyA pachI koIpaNa vyakti bIjI vyaktithI uparokta sidhdhAMtonuM pAlana ane amala karavA mATe to teo UMcI na hoya ane dharma ke praNAlikAo upara koI bhedabhAva AgrahI hatA paraMtu gAMdhIjI dareka kesanI hakIkatamAM UMDA utaratA rAkhavAmAM Ave nahIM. nyAyanI adAlatothI upara jaIne aMtarAtmAnI ane tenA pariNAme teo sArI evI saphaLatA meLavatA. sAmAnya eka adAlata che ane badhI korTathI te upara che, A sidhdhAMta dareka rIte jyAre nyAyAdhIzone ema lAge ke vakIlo pUrI hakIkatano dhArAzAstrIe manamAM rAkhavo joIe. abhyAsa karIne AvyA che ane teo khoTI bAbata adAlata samakSa L(76)(satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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rajU na kare to saphaLatA maLavI agharI nathI. mujaba laData laDIne zIkhyA, te bhAratamAM amalamAM lAvyA. - gAMdhIjIe bhArata AvyA bAda ema joyuM ke je jJAna temane amadAvAdamAM ja je be mukadamAomAM temane sajA thaI temAM temaNe maLyuM ane je sidhdhAMtono prayoga temaNe sAutha AphrikAmAM karyo te je bayAna adAlato samakSa ApeluM te bahu ja mArgadarzaka che ane bhAratanI AjhAdInI laDatamAM kAmamAM Ave tema che. tethI temanI Aje paNa tenuM teTaluM ja mUlya che. dareka mAMgaNIo vizvamAM pravartatI praNAlikAonI bArIka abhyAsa kamanasIbe A mahAnubhAve ApaNane ghaNuM mArgadarzana ApeluM karIne svarAjya mATe bahu kuzaLatAthI karyo ane temaNe samagra temaja dhAzAstrIone, samAja ane rAjakaraNanA netAone kAyadA vizvane batAvyuM ke jo AvI rIte caLavaLa ane AMdolana satya aMge ghaNuM sUcaveluM te AjhAdI maLe 70 varSanA vahANA vItI gayA mAMgaNI mATe karavAmAM Ave to aMte satyano vijaya thAya che. tethI chatAM paNa temanA sidhdhAMtono amala karavAne badale jUnI praNAlikA temaNe pakSakAranA kesIsa laDavAne badale bhAratane svataMtra karavAnI cAlu rAkhI che, te eka duHkhada bAbata che. Aje paNa nyAya moMgho yojanA A badhA anubhavone kAraNe amalamAM lAvyA. sAutha che ane adAlato jugArakhAnA jevI che tevI gAMdhIjInI ukti AphrikAnA saphaLa ane dhanADhya A dhArAzAstrI, gopAlakRSNa lagabhaga sAcI TharI che. gAMdhIjIne jyAre 150 varSa pUrA thAya che gokhalenI salAha mujaba, samagra bhAratamAM pharIne evA tAratamya tyAre temanA vakIlone ane rAjanetAone ApelA mArgadarzaka upara AvyA ke bhArata dezanI prajAe A mahAzaktizALI sattA sidhdhAMto ane mUlyo teTalA ja agatyanAM che. tethI AzA rAkhIe sAme laDI AjhAdI meLavavI joIe. tethI dhIkatI prekTIsa choDI ke pharIthI dezanA vakIlo, nyAyadhIzo, samAjanA netAo ane teoe TolsaToya vagere manISIonA sidhdhAMto heThaLa AkhI rAjakIya AgevAno gAMdhIjIe sucavelA sidhdhAMto ane mUlyonuM caLavaLa upADI ane temAM paNa sAutha AphrikAnA badhA ja anubhavo pAlana karaze. ane Darabana ane TolsaToyanA phArmanA je prayatno karyA ane janarala smasa jevA loko sAthe verabhAva rAkhyA sivAya kAyadAnI praNAlikA tannA esosiyeTa Sardar Patel in discussion with a representative of a princely state. 1948 oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (77) |

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gAMdhIjI prabodhita rojiMdA jIvananuM vyAkaraNa | nagInadAsa pArekha ha. kA. ArTasa kaoNleja, amadAvAdanA pUrva adhyApaka ane AcArya, gujarAtanI gata peDhInA variSTha vidvAna. gAMdhI ane TAgoranA sAhityanA UMDA abhyAsI, saMskRta, baMgALI ane aMgrejI bhASAnA uttama graMtho gujarAtImAM utAranAra samartha anuvAdaka. 'gAMdhIjI keTalAka svAdhyAya lekho' emanuM mahattvanuM pustaka. gAMdhIjIne ApaNe mahAtmA kahIe chIe, rASTrapitA kahIe 1927mAM eo vidyApIThamAM dara aThavADiye eka samaya chIe, hajAro varSe avataratI virala vibhUti kahI e chIe, ane letA hatA. eka vAra samaya patAvI bahAra AvyA ne bIjuM koI emAM satyano apalApa paNa nathI. emaNe potAnA TUMkA jIvana vAhana nahotuM eTale sAIkala mAMgI tenA para savAra thaI Azrama daramyAna aneka jIvanonAM kAryo patAvyAM. temAMnA keTalAMka to sAce UpaDI gayA! tyAM koIne maLavAno samaya nakkI thayelo hato. ja mahAna kAryo hato. bhArata jevA vizALa dezane briTiza saltanata AphrikAmAM sAIkala vAparI haze tyAra pachI aneka varSe pharI jevI pracaMDa sattAnI nAgacUDamAMthI chUTavAmAM madada karI, bhAratanI sAIkala para beThA. eka vAra dakSiNanA pravAsa daramiyAna teo strIone jANe jAduthI na hoya e jotajotAmAM puruSonI haroLamAM koI mukAme pahoMcyA. tyAMthI sabhAsthAna thoDuM dUra hatuM. eTale mUkI dIdhI ane aNuzastrathI trasta jagatane AtmabaLanuM hathiyAra emaNe vyavasthApako pAse jANI lIdhuM ke page cAlIne tyAM jatAM apyuM. emaNe bhAratane svarAjano eka nakazo paNa Apyo hato, keTalo samaya lAge ema che. sabhAno samaya thavA Avyo eTale jene Aje ApaNe visAre nAkhyo che. paNa huM Aje emanAM A emaNe UpaDavAnI taiyArI karI, paNa koI vAhana hajI AvyuM badhAM moTAM ane mahattvanAM kAryo vize bolavAne badale emanA nahotuM eTale emaNe pagapALA ja cAlavA mAMDayuM ane samayasara rojiMdA jIvananA keTalAka Agraho vize ja be vAta kahevA mAgu sabhAmAM pahoMcI gayA. Avo hato emano samayapAlanano Agraha. chuM. e Agrahone ApaNe rojiMdA jIvananuM vyAkaraNa kahIe toya samayapAlanano eka bIjo artha paNa thAya che. ane te e ke kaMI khoTuM nathI. nImele vakhate nImeluM kAma karavuM. amuka vakhate UThavuM, amuka gAMdhIjI sAcA arthamAM lokanetA hatA. teo lokothI dorAtA vakhate pharavA javuM, amuka vakhate upAsanA karavI, amuka vakhate nahotA, lokone doratA nahatA. emaNe ApaNA jIvanamAM keTalIka bhojana levuM, amuka vakhate mulAkAta ApavI, vagere. A badhuM paNa UNapo joI hatI ane emanA IglenDavAse e badhInuM emane eo khUba kALajIpUrvaka pALatA. jene je vakhate mulAkAtano samaya tIvra bhAna karAvyuM hatuM ane te uparathI emaNe pracaMDa puraSArthapUrvaka Apyo hoya tene te vakhate aMdara bolAvatA ane samaya pUro thatAM potAnA jIvanamAMthI e UNapone dUra karI navI Tevo pADI hatI ghaDiyALa batAvatA. ATalA badhA kAmagarA hatA chatAM emaNe kadI ane ApaNI AkhI prajAmAM tene vyApaka banAvavA teo jIvanabhara upAsanA ke pharavAnuM choDyuM hoya evuM banyuM nathI. savArasAMja macyA hatA. potAnI prayogazALArUpa AzramomAM emaNe e badhA pharavA javAno niyama emaNe jIvanabhara atyaMta cIvaTapUrvaka pALyo Agraho upara khUba bhAra mUkyo hato ane jAhera jIvanamAM paNa hato. vilAyata gayA hatA tyAre tyAMnI ThaMDI ane dhummasamAM paNa teo e bAbatono Agraha rAkhatA rahyA hatA. eo pharavA nIkaLatA hatA. eno eo zarIra pratyenI potAnI 1. Avo pahelo Agraha che samayapAlanano. ApaNA dezamAM pharaja samajatA hatA. je zarIra pAse ApaNe kAma levAnuM che tenA jAhera karele samaye koI sabhAnuM kAma bhAgye ja zarU thatuM. Aje svAthya mATe Avazyaka evo vyAyAma ene Apavo ja joIe paNa hamezAM thAya ja che ema nathI banatuM. seMkaDo ke hajAro mANasono ane enI pAchaLa. kharacelo samaya bagaDyo evuM emaNe kadI samaya bagaDe enI jANe ApaNane kiMmata ja nathI. emAM sabhAmAM mAnyuM nathI. ene eo zarIrarUpI ghoDAne kharere! karyA barobara samayasara AvanAranuM apamAna che, temane vagara kAraNe sajA thAya gaNatA hatA. che, e paNa ApaNane samajAtuM lAgatuM nathI. paNa gAMdhIjI A samayapAlanano eka trIjo paNa artha che. gAMdhIjI kAma karavAnuM bAbatamAM khUba cAnaka rAkhatA hatA. je samaya jAhera thayo hoya te nakkI kare tyAre ghaNI vAra te pUruM karavAno samaya paNa nakkI karatA samaye kArya zarU thavuM ja joIe evo emano Agraha raheto. hatA. Ane lIdhe e kAma tAkIdanuM che evI bhAvanA saunA manamAM godharAmAM aMtyaja pariSada maLI tyAre ghaNe bhAge lokamAnya tilaka jAgatI hatI ane tethI sau potAnI badhI zakti temAM reDavA prerAtA ardho kalAka moDA AvyA hatA. te ja vakhate gAMdhIjIe kahyuM hatuM hatA. emaNe lokamAnya tilakanA avasAna pachI eka karoDa rUpiyA ke, 'svarAja ardho kalAka moDuM thayuM!' bhegA karavAno saMkalpa jAhera karyo tenI sAthe ja te kAma amuka L(78) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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divase pUruM thavuM joIe e paNa jAhera karyuM ane ethI AkhA rASTra tanatoDa mahenata karI e divase sAMja sudhImAM e rakama pUrI karI paNa kharI. vidyApIThane emaNe joDaNIkoza racavAno Adeza karyo te sAthe ja koza emane amuka divase maLavo joIe evuM paNa jaNAvyuM. ane e TharAvele divase rAte eo amadAvAda sTezanethI pasAra thavAnA hatA eTale kozanI pahelI nakala emane pahoMcADavA mu. zrI kAkAsAheba, naraharibhAI vagere gayelA e hajI mane yAda che. 2. emano bIjo Agraha svacchatA vizeno hato. asvacchatA e ApaNA dezano vyApaka roga che. ApaNA aMgata jIvanamAM svacchatA hoya che, paNa sAmUhika jIvanamAM e jovA maLatI nathI. ApaNe ApaNA gharanA kacaro kADhI paDozI ke sAmAnA AMgaNAmAM nAkhIe chIe, ApaNe kerI khAIne chAla-goTalA sAmAnA AMgaNAmAM padharAvIe chIe, dAtaNa karIne cIrIo sAme nAkhIe chIe. Ama, ApaNe paraspara sahakArathI gaMdA rahIe chIe. A ApaNI asvacchatA sAme gAMdhIjI jIvanabhara jhUjhavA. ThaMka AphrikAthI emaNe A jhuMbeza zarU karI hatI. emaNe svaccha jIvanano kevaLa upadeza ja na karyo. enA dAkhalA pUrA pADyA. emanA badhA ja AzramomAM ane bIjI saMsthAomAM svacchatAno Agraha sadA sevAto. svacchatA zI rIte jaLavAya eno vicAra karI emaNe jIvanapaddhati ane sAdhano paNa upajAvI kADhayAM ane teno pracAra karyo. pAyakhAnAM ane mutaraDIo, rasoDAM ane khAtaranA khADA kevA hoya ane kema svaccha rakhAya e emaNe pratyakSa karI batAvyuM ane teno sarvatra Agraha rAkhyo. jAjarUnI saphAIne emaNe saMsthAnI kasoTI banAvI mUkI, emanuM potAnuM jAjarU eTaluM svaccha rahetuM ke eo ghaNuM vAcana tyAM ja karatA. eka vAra zrInivAsa zAstrI AzramamAM AvelA temane AzramanAM judAM judAM sthAno batAvyAM temAM gAMdhIjInuM pAyakhAnuM paNa batAvyuM. temAM te vakhate khUba carcAto phiskala kamizanano hevAla paDyo hato, te joIne zrI zAstrIe pUchyuM ke gAMdhIjI kAgaLa vApare che? tyAre temane jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM ke nA, eo ahIM e vAMce che. gAMdhIjInuM pAyakhAnuM 'lAIbrerI' nAme paNa oLakhAtuM enuM A kAraNa che. 3. svacchatA pachI sughaDatA. sughaDatA eTale uparanI TApaTIpa nahi, paNa ekeeka jhINAmAM jhINuM kAma paNa vyavasthita ane sAIbaMdha rIte karavuM te. kAgaLa phADavo hoya toye te vyavasthita sarakhI rIte phADavo joIe. kAgaLanI gaDI karavI hoya to te barAbara khUNekhUNo maLI rahe e rIte vALavI joIe, kUtarAnA kAnanI peThe khUNA bahAra dekhAya ema nahi. gAdI upara cAdara pAtharavI, dhotiyuM paheravuM, TopI paheravI - badhAmAM ja A cIvaTa ane saphAIno teo Agraha rAkhatA. pote to mAtra laMgoTa paheratA hatA. paNa khUba vyavasthita rIte paheratA ane tene ghaTate sthAne oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI - pina lagAvatA ke jethI avyavasthita thAya nahi. emane kadI koIe jatha25thara ke avyavasthita joyA nathI. zrI narahirabhAI eka vAta kahetA. AzramanI jamInane aMge klekTarane ke kamizanarane maLavA javAnuM hatuM. zrI naraharibhAI ane mahAdevabhAI tarata taiyAra thaI gayA, paNa gAMdhIjIe kahyuM : "juo, sAMbhaLo, hajAmata karIne jajo.' 4. e pachI sAdAI ane karakasara Ave. gAMdhIjIe potAne garIba bhAratanA pratinidhi mAnelA eTale potAnuM jIvana pUrI sAdAIthI emaNe vitAvyuM. potAnI jAta mATe ochAmAM ochAM sAdhano levAM, anAvazyaka kazuM ja na rAkhavuM evo emano satata Agraha hato. emaNe laMgoTa paheravo zarU karyo tenI pAchaLa daridranArAyaNa sAthe tAdAtmya sAdhavAnI bhAvanA rahelI hatI. trIjA vargamAM ja musApharI karavI, emAM paNa e ja bhAvanA hatI. goLamejI pariSada mATe vilAyata gayA tyAre paNa potAno veza e ja rAkhyo ane zahenazAhane paNa e ja veze maLyA. tyAM emane mATe mIrAMbahene bajAramAMthI madha maMgAvyuM, to temanI dhULa kADhI nAkhI. vilAyata javA UpaDyA tyAre sAthe mahAdevabhAI, pyArelAla, devadAsa vageree mitronI salAhasUcanA ane sahAyathI cAmaDAnI bhaMgo bharIne sAmAna lIdho hato. sTImara UpaDyA pachI gAMdhIjIne jhaDatI zarU karI. ane je puNyaprakopano dhodha vahevaDAvyo te A badhAnA AMsuthI paNa karyo nahi. eDanathI badhI TUMkA ane vadhArAno sAmAna pAcho deza moklyo tyAre ja jaMpyA. ''huM bhAratanAM dInajanono pratinidhi. mArA maMtrIne kAgaLa rAkhavA cAmaDAnI baeNga zA sAru jeIe? khAdInI thelI kema na cAle?'' vagere, vagere. koMgresa bhAratanA daridranArAyaNenA pratinidhi che e vAta eo kadI bhUlatA nahotA. goLamejImAM paNa emaNe spaSTa kaheluM ke daridranArAyaNonA hitanI ADe AvatuM koI paNa hita sAcavavAnI huM bAMyadharI Apato nathI. yaravaDA jelamAM saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela gAMdhIjI mATe khajUra dhoIne taiyAra karatA. paMdara pezI levAno niyama hato. vallabhabhAI koI vAra sattara sarakAvI detA to Thapako sAMbhaLavo paDato. pote pAchaLathI pANI paNa zIzImAM laIne vAparatA, jethI nakAmo vyaya na thAya. potA upara AvelA patronI pAchalI korI bAjano paNa upayoga karatA. paNa A kaMjUsAI nahotI. jyAM jarUra hoya tyAM e hajAro vAparatAM paNa acakAtA nahi, AzramamAM paNa mAMdA mATe phaLa jarUra AvavAnAM, eka vAra baMgALanI prAMtika pariSadamAM hAjara rahevAnuM emaNe dezabaMdhu dAsane vacana ApyuM hatuM te pALavA speziyala Trena joDAvIne paNa gayA hatA. 'yaMga InDiyA' ke 'harijana' mATe ghaNI vAra AkhA lekhonA lekho tArathI mokalatA, eTaluM ja nahi, koI vAra jarUra paDye sudhArA paNa tArathI karAvatA. e emane nakAmo kharca ke uDAupaNuM nahotuM lAgatuM. paNa pote jene vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha no 7 9

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nyAya na mAne evI eka pAIne paNa maMjUra na karatA. 1944mAM jyAre pArlamenTarI kamizana AvyuM tyAre eo uruLIkAMcana hatA. kamizananI IcchA tarata ja emane maLavAnI hatI. eTale temaNe khAsa vyavasthA karI lazkarI vimAnamAM zrI sudhIra ghoSane pUnA mokalyA. emaNe gAMdhIjIne dilhI javA rAjI karyA. ane emane mATe vAIsaraoNye ApelI sUcanA pramANe speziyala Trena joDAvI ane ema gAMdhIjI dilhI pahoMcyA. tyAM pahoMcyA pachI potAnI sAthe tera mANaso hatAM. temanuM trIjA varganuM bhADuM gaNI teTalI rakama vAIsaraoNyanA aMgata maMtrIne ApavA sudhIra ghoSane mokalyA. maMtrI to Abho ja thaI gayo. ''huM ahIM relavenuM bhADuM udharAvavA beTho chuM! koNa enI pAse bhADuM mAge che?'' chatAM Agraha thayo eTale teNe relave borDane puchAvI jaNAvyuM ke bhADuM ApavuM ja hoya to A pravAsanuM pUruM kharca 18,000 thAya che. sudhIra ghoSe jaI vAta karI, to kahe, nA, huM to trIjA varganuM sAmAnya bhADuM ja ApuM. huM Avyo. hota to e rIte ja Avata. paNa vAIsaraoNye speziyala joDAvI enuM kharca huM zAno bhogavuM? ane mAre enA oziyALA thavuM nathI eTale mAruM rItasaranuM bhADuM to ApavAno ja. emaNe potAne hisAbo thatuM bhADuM ja mokalyuM ane te pelAe mUMge moDhe laIne relave borDane - mi. gAMdhI taraphathI salAma sAthe - ema kahIne mokalI ApavuM paDeluM! 5. enI sAthe hisAbanI coksAI paNa saMkaLAyelI che. emaNe ghaNe bhAge AtmakathAmAM lakheluM che ke cokhkho hisAba e koI paNa saMsthAnuM nAka che. jAhera nANAnI pAIe pAI je hetu mATe AvI hoya te hetu mATe ja ane pUratI karakasarapUrvaka vaparAya e vize emano Agraha khUba jANIto che. eo pote dakSiNa AphrikAthI jyAre pratinidhimaMDaLa tarIke vilAyata gayA hatA, tyAranI emanI hisAbanI noMdha hajI mojuda che. emAM ghoDAgADIno, chApAM kharIdyAno, cAnAstAno, TapAlano evo jhINo jhINo kharca paNa vigate noMdhelo che. paracUraNa kharca jevuM koI khAtuM ja emAM nathI. taddana najIvI rakama mATe emaNe pU. kastUrabAne paNa 'navajIvana'ne pAne caDAvyAM hatAM. bIjA sAthIone paNa choDayA nahotA. saMskRtamAM eka kahevata che ke coDartha vidhi zuci e eo akSare akSara pALatA hatA. 6. jevI hisAbanI tevI ja bIjI bAbatonI paNa cokasAI je kAma thAya te cokasAIthI thAya. veTha utAryAnI rIte na thAya. emaNe gokhalejInAM vyAkhyAnono gujarAtI anuvAda karavAnuM te samayanA koI pratiSThita sAkSarane soMpyuM hatuM. temano anuvAda Avyo te joI javA emaNe te naraharibhAIne Apyo. emane te bahu gamyo nahi, paNa emanA eka murabbI sAthIe lekhakanI ane anuvAdanI prazaMsA karI eTale anuvAda rada karavAnI emanI hiMmata cAlI nahi. eo navA ja gAMdhIjI sAthe joDAyelA hatA. satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 80 anuvAda gokhalenI janmatithie pragaTa karavAno hato. anuvAdanA pharamA gAMdhIjIe jovA mAgyA. joIne emane thayuM ke A anuvAda to na ja cAle. emaNe naraharibhAIno UdhaDo lIdho ke tame kema vAta na karI? emaNe bacAva karavA prayatna karyo, paNa kazuM cAlyuM nahi. gAMdhIjIe kahyuM, ''A pharamA bALI mUko ane tame ane mahAdeva maLIne bIjo anuvAda taiyAra karo.'' naraharibhAI kahe : "paNa AnI pAchaLa 700 rUpiyA kharca thayuM che, te nakAmuM jaze.'' tyAre sAmuM pUchayuM : "to zuM mAre baMdhAvavAnA paisA vadhArAnA kharcavA? e na bane.'' Akhare pharamA bALI mUkavAmAM AvyA ane navo anuvAda game eTalI utAvaLa ane taDAmAra karIne TharAvele divase pragaTa karavAmAM Avyo. AvuM ja kaMIka 'prAcIna sAhitya'nA anuvAda vize paNa banyuM hatuM ema lAge che. enI paNa eka AvRtti rada karavAmAM AvI hatI. te pharamA vidyApIThanA bhaMDAramAM varaso sudhI paDI rahyA hatA. bhASA mATeno Avo Aha keTalA pALatA haze? 7. game eTaluM nAnuM kAma ke mANasa emane mana nAnu nazcetuM, upekSaNIya nahotuM. pote sadAya dezanAM moTAM moTAM kAmomAM rokAyelA rahetA hatA, chatAM potAnA nAnAmAM nAnA mAlasanI ke kAmanI emaNe kadI upekSA karI nathI. eo jyAM jatA tyAM kAryakarone nAma daIne bolAvatA. emanA patromAM paNa keTalAM badhAM nAmo Ave che! keTalAka patromAM meM poNoso jeTalAM nAmo gaNyAM che. e batAve che ke emane mANasomAM keTalo UMDo ane sAco rasa hato. zrI vAmana mukAdama amane jelamAM kahetA ke gAMdhIjIe jyAre dAMDIkUca zarU karI tyAre mArI tabiyata sArI nahotI. e kUca daramyAna gAMdhIjI kAmamAM keTalA gaLAbUDa rahetA hatA e to jANItuM che. rojanA nImelA mAIla cAlavAnA, pravacano karavAnAM. dezabharamAMthI AvatA mulAkAtIone mulAkAta ane salAhasUcanA ApavAnI. AkhI duniyAnI AMkha te vakhate emanI upara ane emanI pravRtti upara maMDAyelI hatI. dezaparadezanAM chApAMnA pratinidhiono paNa rAphaDo sAthe hato. A badhuM chatAM e pravAsa daramyAna emaNe potAne hAthe traNavAra patro lakhI zrI vAmana mukAdamanI tabiyatanA samAcAra puchAvyA hatA. e ja rIte javAharalAla upara jelamAMthI lakhelA eka patramAM chelluM vAkya IndunuM vajana?' evuM che. vAIsaraoNyane javAba lakhAvIne tarata ja bIjo patra eo koI dUra paDelA sAthIne methInI bhAjI khAya ke maga e vize salAha Apato paNa lakhAvatA. ghaNI vAra virkaMga kamiTInI sabhAmAMthI thoDI miniTa kADhIne koI daradIne enimA ApavA cAlyA jatA. zrI cokhAvAlAnAM lagna paNa emaNe eka mahattvanI vicAraNAsabhAmAMthI ja vakhata kADhIne karAvelAM. 8. TaoNlsTaoNyanI eka vArtA che : 'traNa prazno'. temAM prazno evA che ke sauthI mahattvanI kSaNa kaI? sauthI mahattvanuM kAma karyuM? ane oNkTobara- 2018 paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka

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sauthI mahattvanuM mANasa kayuM? javAba e che ke cAlu kSaNa e ja sauthI lAMbA pravAsethI pAchA pharyA hatA. ame keTalAka vidyArthIo emane mahattvanI, hAthamAM hoya e ja kAma sauthI mahatvanuM ane sAme hoya maLavA gayA. emaNe amane zAMtithI sAMbhaLyA. pachI kahe, 'tame e mANasa sauthI mahattvanuM. mane to badhuM kahyuM, paNa e basa nathI. juo, huM kRpAlAnIjIne - gAMdhIjIe potAnA jIvanamAM sauthI paheluM jAhera kAma karyuM bolAvuM chuM. ane sAMje tamAre emanI sAme A badhuM pharI kahevuM karyuM ? dakSiNa AphrikAmAM traNa bhAratIyo - eka hajAma, eka paDaze.' ame rajA lIdhI. hATaDIvALo ane eka kArakuna - ne aMgrejI zIkhavavAnuM mAthe lIdhuM 11. emanA jIvananuM dhyeya Izvarano sAkSAtkAra karavAnuM e emanuM paheluM jAhera kAma gaNAya ane te paNa e baeNrisTara hatuM. e mAnavabaMdhuonI sevA mAratve ja banI zake evI emanI navaro te pelAone ghera jaIne zIkhave. dezamAM paNa emanuM paheluM dRDha mAnyatA hatI. eTale mAnavasevA e ja emanI prabhusevA jAhera kAma rAjakoTamAM DheDavADAnI mulAkAta ane jAjarUsaphAInI hatI. AthI mAnavaprema emanA jIvananA pAyAmAM hato. AthI zarUAtane gaNAvI zakAya. eo jyAre kalakattA kaoNMgresamAM gayA gAMdhIjInI vicAraNAmAM mAnava kendramAM hato. na mAnuSAt zreSThatara tyAre to dakSiNa AphrikAnA AgevAna thaI cUkyA hatA, chatAM phijhiti e vAkya emanA jIvanamAM caritArtha thayuM hatuM. koI emaNe kaoNMgresanI kacerImAM jaIne pUchayuM ke 'mAre lAyaka kaMI kAma mAnI lIdhelA siddhAMta karatAM mAnavanI sevAne ja eo prAdhAnya hoya to Apo. nakala karavI. patra lakhavA, je haze te karavA huM ApatA. saMtatiniyamananAM sAdhanono emano virodha khUba jANIto taiyAra chuM.' ApaNe koI mahattvanI kSaNanI, mahattvanA kAryanI ane che. e vize puSkaLa mAthAjhIka karyA chatAM zrImatI seMgara emanI mahattvanA mANasanI rAha joIne besI rahIe chIe ane jIvana saMmati meLavI zakyAM nahotAM. tema chatAM 'mahAdevabhAInI DAyarI'nA pUruM thaI jAya che. gAMdhIjIe jyAre je kAma AvI paDyuM che tyAre pahelA bhAga uparathI ApaNe jANIe chIe ke amuka mANasanI upADI lIdhuM ane temAM potAno samagra prANa reDyo. bAbatamAM emaNe vaMdhyIkaraNa ane garbhanirodhanAM sAdhanono upayoga 9. have huM emanA bIjA eka guNano ullekha karIza. eo paNa hitakara ane karavA jevo mAnyo hato. pote cAkaoNphI pItA pote khUba svamAnI hatA, tema chatAM emaNe jAhera jIvanamAM nahotA, chatAM thAkelA mahAdevabhAI mATe cA ke mAMdA rAdhavana mATe potAnA svamAnane kadI lokahitanI ADe AvavA dIdhuM nathI. tyAM emaNe potAne zUnya banAvI dIdhA hatA. goLamejI pariSada pahelAM kaoNphI jAte banAvatA emane ApaNe joIe chIe. eTaluM ja sarakAra sAthe saMdhi thaI hatI, paNa vAIsaraoNya badalAyA hatA. nahi, pote mAMsAhAranA virodhI hatA, mANasa mATe e Avazyaka saMdhinA pAlananI koIka bAbata vize emaNe vAisaraoNya sAthe ke yogya nathI ema mAnatA hatA, chatAM abdula gaphArakhAnanAM mulAkAta mAgI hatI. vAIsaraoNya dAda detA nahotA. tenA javAbanI bALako mATe AzramamAM AmiSa vAnIo taiyAra karAvavA e taiyAra rAha jovAtI hatI. gAMdhIjI e vakhate vidyApIThamAM rahetA hatA. thayA hatA. siddhAMtajaDatA emanAmAM nahotI. ahIM mane amerikana huM mArI oraDImAM sUto hato, bahAra ozarImAM gAMdhIjI sUtA pAdarI DaoN. maoNTe sAthenI gAMdhIjInI vAtacIta yAda Ave che. e hatA. maLasake huM jAgI gayo. mahAdevabhAI gAMdhIjIne kahetA pAdarIe gAMdhIjIne pUchayuM hatuM ke tamArI sevA pAchaLa koI hatA, 'bApu. vAIsaraoNyano tAra Avyo che.' 'zuM lakhe che?' 'lakhe siddhAMta pratyeno prema hoya che ke mAnava pratyeno prema hoya che?' tyAre che. mulAkAtathI kaMI artha sare ema huM mAnato nathI, chatAM tamAre gAMdhIjIe kahyuM hatuM ke amArI sevA pAchaLa mAnava pratyeno prema ja AvavuM hoya to Avo.' to karo taiyArI,' mahAdevabhAI kahe, hoya che. jo huM mAnavanI sevA na karI zakuM to kevaLa siddhAMta 'paNa A to AvuM lakhe che ne?' gAMdhIjI kahe, 'e to ema ja pratyono prema to niSmANa che. ahIM aprastuta hovA chatAM DaoN. moTe lakhe. janarala smaTase paNa mane evo ja javAba Apyo hato. pUchelA bIjA be praznono paNa ahIM ullekha karavAnuM mane mana thAya lokahita sadhAtuM hoya to potAnA mAna-apamAnano vicAra eo che. eka savAla temaNe evo pUchayo hato ke tamArA kAryamAM tamane kadI karatA nahotA. zrI jhINAne cauda cauda vAra maLavA javA moTAmAM moTI muzkelI kaI naDI?' tyAre gAMdhIjIe kahyuM, pAchaLa paNa A ja dRSTi hatI. 'bhaNelAonI naThoratA.' DaoN. maoNTe pUchyuM. 'pratikULamAM pratikULa 10. emano bIjo eka niyama evo hato ke jenI viruddha paristhitimAM paNa tamane zAmAMthI baLa maLe che?' kyAre gAMdhIjIe phariyAda hoya tene te batAvavI. emaNe 1904thI TheTha sudhI chApAM javAba Apyo, 'grAmajanonI zraddhAmAMthI.') e mAnavaprema ja calAvyA che. emAM paNa emaNe bIjA pakSane sAMbhaLyA vagara kazuM emane mAnavo pratye amuka ja rIte vartavAne prerato hato. rojiMdA ekapakSI chApyuM nathI. vyavahAramAM paNa e ja rIte vartatA. ame jIvananI A jhINI jhINI bAbato paNa ApaNe saMbhALI zakIe gujarAta vidyApIThamAM bhaNatA hatA. keTalAMka kAraNosara vidyArthIomAM to emanuM smaraNa sArthaka thAya. AcAryazrI kRpAlAnIjI viruddha roSa jAgyo hato. gAMdhIjI dakSiNanA ]]] oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (81

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gAMdhIjIno vratavicAraH rASTrajIvanano mUlAdhAra manasukha sallA jANItA zikSaNavida ane sAhityakAra che. lokasevAnI saMsthA ane gurUkuLa prathA dvArA pAyAnA mUlyaprada zikSaNanA teo himAyatI rahyA che. e dizAmAM kArya paNa karyuM che. temanA ciMtana viSayaka lekho ApaNane satata maLatAM rahyA che. gAdhIjI dakSiNa AphrikAmAM satyAgrahanA senAnI banyA tyArathI samAja ane samaSTi traNene AghAta pahoMce. e noMdhapAtra che ke temaNe pramANuM hatuM ke hiMsaka sainyamAM zista ane kaThaNa tAlIma jAtamahenata, svadezI, aspRzyatA nivAraNa, svAda tyAgane bhAratIya jarUrI che ema (ke ethIya vadhAre) ahiMsaka satyAgrahanA sainikomAM ciMtana paraMparAmAM koI mahApuruSe ke saMte mahAvratomAM sthAna nathI zista, tAlIma ane saMyama jarUrI che. vaLI A ekAda praznamAM ApyuM. gAMdhIjI pArakhI zakyA hatA ke bhArata mATe A navAyuganAM jIta meLavavAno muddo nathI. paraMtu ahiMsaka samAjanI racanA mahAvrato che. karavI hoya to mAnavIya utkrAMtinI AvazyakatA che. mAnava badhAM gAMdhIjIe 'hinda svarAja'nA AlekhamAM yaMtranI ghelachA ane prakAranAM baMdhanomAMthI mukti meLave e gAMdhIjIne mana 'svarAja' tenAM jokhamo varNavyAM che. e kALe (1909) temane aNasAra che. eTale gAMdhIjIe rASTrajIvanamAM vratone agatyanuM sthAna ApyuM AvI gayo che ke yaMtra (TeknolojI) jhaDapa, ArAma, sukhanAM hatuM. sAdhano vadhArI zake. paraMtu enAthI mAnavIya utthAna nahi thAya. bhAratIya saMskRtimAM vratono vicAra purANo che. gAMdhIjIe evuM svarAja eTale kevaLa rAjakIya svarAja. paraMtu sAcuM sva-rAja vratone vyApaka saMdarbha ane rASTrIya utthAna sAthe vaNI lIdhAM e to pratyeka vyakti svahita buddhithI mukta thaIne jIve to ja zakya emanI dArzanika tarIkenI viziSTatA che. vinobAjIe kahyuM che ke bane. emAM A vrato anivArya che. eTale temaNe pAMca mahAvrato mahApuruSa e che je dezakAlAnusAra maMtro, vibhAvanAo ane sAthe cha yugAnusArI vratone sthAna ApyuM. A vratonI gAMdhIjInI zabdone navA arthonI kalama caDAve che. gAMdhIjIe AvuM kArya karyuM samaja AgavI che. che, mATe teo krAntadRSTA che. gAMdhIjI A pArakhI zakyA kAraNa satya : manuSya mATe sadehe Izvarano anubhava adharo che. tethI ke temanI pAse jIvananuM samagra darzana hatuM. eTale teo pramANI temaNe kahyuM ke 'satya e ja Izvara che.' satya hoya tyAM ja sat-cituzakyA ke kaI nabaLAIone kAraNe bhAratIya prajA vAraMvAra gulAma AnaMda hoI zake. eTale temaNe potAnI AtmakathAne 'satyanA banI hatI. enA nivAraNarUpa jIvanabhAvanAone vratarUpe, prajAmAM prayogo' rUpe oLakhAvI. mAnava astitva mATe gAMdhIjIe kahyuM, pratiSThita karavI joIe. prajA A vratono hRdayI svIkAra kare to 'satyanI ArAdhanAne khAtara ja ApaNI hastI che. satya vinA prajAkIya utthAna zakya bane. A vrato gAMdhIjIne mana AdhyAtmika koI paNa niyamanuM zuddha pAlana azakya che.' satyane teo vicAramAM, kSetranI vyaktionI ja nisbata nathI, ane teo pratyeka vyaktinA vANImAM ane AcAramAM anubhavavAnuM kahe che. satyanI zodha samAjadharma tarIke jue che. jyAre Akho samAja A vratone pAchaLa tapazcaryA hoya, du:kha sahana karavAnuM hoya eTale A marIne jIvanadharma tarIke grahaNa tyAre yuddha ane zoSaNa ke hiMsA vinAnA jIvavAno maMtra che. satyanA vratane kAraNe gAMdhIjI karavA jevuM ane ahiMsaka samAjanI sthApanA zakya bane. na karavA jevuM no viveka karI zakyA. eTale gAMdhIjInuM darzana mAnavamAtra mATenuM ane vyApaka saMdarbhanuM ahiMsA: gAMdhIjIne mana satya sAdhya che, to ahiMsA sAdhana che. to AvA praznonA uttara vAjabI rIte meLavI zakAya ke kevA che. ahiMsAno mArga sAMkaDo, khAMDAnI dhAra jevo che. jarAka saMbaMdho? kevuM zikSaNa? kevuM Arogya? kevI sukhAkArI? kevA udyogo, asAvadhAnI AvI ke heThA paDIe. AmAM uttarottara duHkha vahoravAnI kevuM utpAdana ? kevuM vitaraNa? AnaMda prAptinA kevA sAdhano? vAta Ave che. emAMthI jagata mitra banatAM zIkhIe chIe. ahiMsAthI vratonA pAlana ucita, svIkArya ane zreyapUrNa uttaro maLI zake. sukha-zAMti-namatA vadhe che, parigraha dehano mela ocho thAya che. satya, ahiMsA, asteya, brahmacarya ane aparigraha e bhAratIya temanI hiMsAnI vyAkhyA maulika che : kuvicAra hiMsA che, utAvaLa paraMparAmAM pAMca mahAvrato tarIke svIkRta che. gAMdhIjIe temAM che hiMsA che,mithyA bhASaNa-dveSa-bUruM IcchavuM - jagatane joIe teno dezAnukULa vato umeryA che : jAtamahenata, aspRzyatAnivAraNa, pote kabajo rAkhavo e hiMsA che." gAMdhIjInI khUbI e che ke sarvadharma samabhAva, svadezI, asvAda ane abhaya. vyaktigata jIvanamAM pratiSThita ane kAragata ahiMsAnI vibhAvanAne - gAMdhIjIne mana A vrato e koruM tatvajJAna nathI paraMtu temaNe rASTrajIvana sudhI vistArI. gAMdhIjInA netRtvamAM bhArate rojabarojanA jIvanadharmo che. eno bhaMga thAya eTale vyakti, AkhI prajAnA sahakArathI aMgrejonI gulAmImAMthI ahiMsaka rIte 82) (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha, prabaddha jIva : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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svAtaMtrya meLavyuM e vizva ItihAsanI noMdhapAtra ghaTanA che. asteya eTale corI na karavI. asteyanI temanI vyAkhyA brahmacarya : gAMdhIjInI pratIti hatI ke badhAM vrato satyanA ATalI sUkSma ane vyApaka che : "pArakAnuM tenI rajA vinA levuM e vratamAMthI ja utpanna thAya che. eTale brahmacaryanI emanI vyAkhyA corI che. chAnuM khAvuM e corI che. jarUra nathI chatAM khAvuM e corI AgavI che: 'satya sivAyanI upAsanA kare te vyabhicArI Tharyo che." che.' AtmAne nIce pADanArI corI mAnasika che, 'manathI koI temaNe brahmacaryane vyApaka pariprekSyamAM joyuM che: "jananendriya vikArano vastu meLavavAnI IcchA e corI che. upavAsI bIjAne khAtA joI nirodha eTale brahmacaryanuM pAlana ema gaNAyuM che. mane lAge che ke manathI svAda le e corI che. vastunI jema vicAranI paNa corI A adhUrI ane khoTI vyAkhyA che. viSaya mAtrano nirodha e ja thAya che. sAro vicAra potAnAmAM udbhavyo na hoya chatAM ahaMkAramAM brahmacarya che.... brahmacarya mana, vacana ane kAyAthI pALavAnuM hoya.' potAne phUryo ema kahe te vicAranI corI che. bIjAnI zodha teo sarvavyApI premanA pAlanane brahmacarya gaNAve che. eTale kahe potAne nAme kahevI e corI che.' eTale gAMdhIjI tAraNarUpe kahe che : "AkhI sRSTine potAnuM kuTuMba banAvavuM hoya to brahmacarya dvArA che: 'ghaNI corIonA mULamAM eMThI IcchA rahelI jovAmAM Avaze. ja zakya che. sAdhu-saMto-mahaMto-kathAkAronI bahmacaryanI vyAkhyA asteya vratanuM pAlana keTaluM kaThaNa che e gAMdhIjI Ama varNave cheH karatAM gAMdhIjInI samaja aneka rIte vyApaka ane sUkSma che. AvuM 'asteyanuM pAlana karanAre bahu nama, vicArazIla, sAvadhAna, sAdA brahmacarya hoya to ja vyakti 'svarAja' pAmI zake, bhogavI zake. rahevuM paDe che.' aparigraha : dareka dharmamAM aparigraha bhinnabhinna samaja gAMdhIjIe rASTrotthAna mATe, prajAnA punarUghaTana mATe evAM pragaTa thaI che. gAMdhIjI mAne che ke satyazodhaka, ahiMsaka vyakti vrato sUcavyAM je prajAnI nabaLAI maTADe ane sabaLAI vadhAre. parigraha na karI zake. ethI teo kahe che, "anAvazyaka ekaThuM karavuM svAtaMtrya saMgrAmamAM prajAe A vrato araghAM-paraghAM svIkAryA-pAvyAM te corIno mAla che.' A corI sRSTicakranI virodhI che. gAMdhIjInA to paNa svarAja meLavyuM ane svAtaMtrya pachI A vratone bhUlyA tethI kALe A tattva jeTaluM spaSTa thayuM hatuM tenAthI aneka gaNuM Aje kevA viSama rASTrIya koyaDA sarjAyA che enuM vizleSaNa karIe to paryAvaraNanA prazno tIvra ane viSama thayA che tyAre samajAya che. gAMdhIjI kevuM dUranuM jonArA hatA te spaSTa thAya. eTale sabhyatA (civilization) nI gAMdhIjInI vyAkhyA AvI che. abhaya : gAMdhIjIe pArakhyuM hatuM ke bhAratIya prajAnI gulAmInA 'kharI sabhyatAnuM lakSaNa parigrahano vadhAro nathI. teno vicArapUrvaka mULamAM bhayabhItatA hatI. gItAmAM daivI saMpattimAM sauthI pahelI ghaTADo che.' Aje vadhu utpAdana ane vadhu upabhogane vikAsa abhayane gaNAvI che. gAMdhIjI mAnatA ke abhaya vinA satyanI gaNavAmAM mAnavajAta kaI bhUla karI rahI che te aparigrahanA zodha na thAya. ahiMsAnuM pAlana na thAya. zarIranI, saMpattinI, vicAramAMthI samajAya che emanA jIvanamAMthI A vicAra Ugelo sukhanAM sAdhanonI gumAvavAnI sthitino bhaya manuSyane pAmara, che ke, 'aparigrahathI sevAzakti vadhe che, saMtoSa vadhe che.' satyanA gulAma ane ayogya bAMdhachoDa karavA majabUra kare che. jo A bhaya zodhaka gAMdhIjI bedhaDaka kahe che, "zarIrano upayoga kevaLa sevAne chUTe to lAThI, baMdUkanI goLI ke jela paNa manuSyane bhayabhIta na arthe hoya to satyanI jhAMkhI thaze.' karI zake. satyAgrahanI laDatamAM hajAro sAmAnya mAnavIoe aparigrahanuM keTaluM sUma rU5 gAMdhIjIe pramAyuM hatuM te AmAMthI nirbhaya thaIne kaSTo veThayAM ane mAnavIya gauravane pAmyA hatA. samajAya che : 'vastuno tema vicArano paNa aparigraha hovo joIe. abhaya vinA ahiMsAnuM pAlana na thAya e gAMdhIjInI pratIti magajamAM nirarthaka jJAna bharI mUke te parigrahI che. je vicAra Izvara hatI. eTale gAMdhIjI pAyAno paNa pAyo darzAve che : "deha uparano, vimukha kare te parigraha che. jJAnane nAme saMgharIe te ajJAna che." rAga TaLe to saheje abhaya prApta thAya.' e mATe teo 'tyAgIne bhale e vicArano joIto svIkAra na thayo, paraMtu aparigrahanA bhogavo'nI upanidakAranI vANIne amalamAM mUkavA kahe che. upAsaka gAMdhIjIne ja TrasTIzIpano vicAra sUjhe. saMpattidhAraka svAdatyAga (asvAda) : gAMdhIjIno jIvanAnubhava che ke dareka vyakti jo TrasTIzIpanI bhAvanA svIkAre to dveSa, jhaghaDA ane jananendriya vaza rAkhavAmAM mukhya vastu svAdendriya che. svAdane moTA lUMTanA aneka muddA ochA thaI jAya. ema kahevuM vadhu vAjabI che ke munivaro paNa jItI zakyA nathI. zarIra sAru Avazyaka na hoya e gAMdhIjInuM darzane AvatI kAlanuM che. tyAjya thaI jAya to vikAramAtra zamI jAya. ane sAthe ja teo asteya : gAMdhIjInA vratavicArane jemajema UMDANathI samajatAM jANe che ke A vrata muzkela che. ethI dhIredhIre ataMdra rahI prayatna jaIe ema samajAya che ke temaNe kAM vicArane vadhu sUkSma karyo che, karyA karIe. paraMtu vatanI vyAkhyA moLI karIne manane chetarIe kAM vyApaka arthaghaTana karyuM che. kAM navI jIvanabhAvanAnI kalama karI nahi. svAda eTale rasa. rasa levA kAMI paNa bheLavavuM ke karavuM e che. gAMdhIjI mAne che ke, 'badhAM vrato satya ane ahiMsAnA garbhamAM vratabhaMga che. jo zarIrane Avazyaka hoya eTaluM ja khAIe to rahyAM che.' asvAda vratanuM pAlana saheje thAya che. eTale teo kasoTI Ape oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana: gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (83

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che ke mAtra sAvadhAnInI, jAgRtinI AvazyakatA rahe che. to khabara temaNe jAtamahenata (parizramanA gauravamAM joyuM. eTale gAMdhIjIe paDI jAya che ke kyAM svAda karIe chIe ane kayAM zarIrane poSavA emanA tamAma AzramomAM jAtamahenatane atimahattva ApyuM. AcArya khAIe chIe. kripalANI ke svAmI AnaMda jevAne zoka sudhAravA ke daLavA besADyA aspRzyatA nivAraNa : hindudharmanI varNAzrama paraMparAnI vikRti temA A dRSTikoNa che. jAtamahenatanA vrata dvArA zramikanuM, nArInuM, e aspRzyatA che. je karmagata hatuM e janmagata banAvIne ApaNI utpAdakanuM gaurava e bhAratIya samAjanA navotthAnano navo jIvanabhAva paraMparAne eTalI hade vikRta ane amAnavIya banAvI ke amuka che. haju prajA ene pUrNa hRdaye svIkArI zakI nathI. khobA jevaDuM ghare janmelAne aDavAthI paNa abhaDAI javAya e khyAla sthira thaI IjharAyala sarva dizAmAM jhaDapathI AgaLa vadhyuM. kAraNa ke hibubhASAmAM gayo. sarva manuSyamAM AtmA che e bhavya bhAratIya vicAra paraMparA zrama ane prArthanA mATe eka ja zabda che. koI betraNa jAtinA badhA adhikAro chInavI le, tene mAtra kAma jo jAtamahenata mahAvrata bane to samAnatAlakSI, ahiMsaka karanAra pazunI kalAe gaNe ke tene hInAtuhIna sthitimAM rAkhavAmAM samAja-racanA zakya bane. to chellA mANasanuM sukha' aMge sabhAna dhArmikatA gaNe e vicAra ane paraMparAno akathya vinipAta che. banI zakAya. eTale gAMdhIjIe jAtamahenatane yajJarUpa gaNI. ethI jema amerikAmAM kALAonI gulAmI e gorI prajAnuM pApa ahiMsAnA pAlana mATe jAtamahenata rAmabANarUpa thaI paDe che ema hatuM ane enA nivAraNamAM abrAhama liMkane zahidI vahorI, tema kahyuM. gAMdhIjIe DaMkAnI coTe kahyuM ke, "aspRzyatA e hindudharmanuM kalaMka sarvadharmasamabhAva : gAMdhIjIe svAtaMtryanI laDatamAM hindu muslima dveSamAM pArakhI lIdhuM hatuM ke dharmanA jhaghaDA bhAratanI prajAne A kalaMka sAthe A deza eka rASTranuM gaurava prApta nahi karI vibhAjita kare che. eTale badhA dharmo pratye Adara, samabhAvanA zake. tamAma manuSyonuM (jAti, varNa raMga, dharma, Arthika sthitinA mULamAM ahiMsA rahelI che. badhA dharmo Izvaradatta che, paraMtu bheda vinA) gaurava e mAnavIya vikAsa che. ethI gAMdhIjIe manuSyakalpita hovAthI apUrNa che. eTale dharmomAM UMcanIcapaNuM aspRzyatA nivAraNane mahAvratomAM sthAna ApyuM. vrata eTale mAtra rahetuM nathI. ethI dharma mATeno prema AMdhaLo mahIne jJAnamaya, upavAsa, ekaTANu, pUjA-arcana ja nahi. paraMtu AvI vyApaka- sAttvika, nirmaLa thAya to aMtarAyo UDI jAya. udAra samaja. A dezamAM aneka aspRzya vyaktioe dharmaparivartana ahIM gAMdhIjIe ahiMsaka manuSyano eka sUkSma viveka darzAvyo karyuM, kAraNa ke hindudharmanA kahevAtA guru, mahaMta, svAmIo temane che ke adharmano to asvIkAra ja hoya, chatAM e adharma AcaranAra hRdayathI svIkArI na zakyA. gorAo ApaNane halakA gaNIne pratye to premabhAva ja haze. ApaNe ahiMsAnA kharA pUjArI hoIzuM gulAma rAkhe ane hinduo aspRzyone halakA, aspRzya gaNe e to ApaNI mRdutA sAmAnI kaThoratAne nivAraze. A evA pArasamaNi samAna bhUla che. che jenAthI lokhaMDa paNa sonAmAM rUpAMtarita thAya che. bhAratagAMdhIjIe dharmanA uparanA paMDa (photarAM)ne nahi, enA mULabhUta pAkistAnanA bhAgalA thayA pachI paNa hajuya bhAratIya jIvanano AMtaratattvane svIkAryuM hatuM mATo aspRzyatA-nivAraNane mahAvratamAM A atyaMta nAjuka ane vaNa ukalyo prazna che. dhArmika sahiSNutA sthAna ApI zakyA hatA. pachI AMbeDakara ane anyone kAraNe A ane anya dharmo mATe Adarane mahAvrata rUpe svIkAravAnI gAMdhIjInI vicAra dRDha thayo, chatAM eka prajA tarIke Aje paNa ApaNe zIkha eTalI ja prastuta che. aspRzyone hRdayathI svIkArI zakyA nathI e ApaNI rASTrIya svadezIvrata : ghaNAe "svadezI' zabdane pachIthI sAMkaDA arthamAM khAmI che. e dizAnA prayatnone vratarUpe svIkArIne karavA paDaze. lIdho che. gAMdhIjIe A zabdanA arthonAM paDo kholI ApyAM che. to ja ApaNe bhAratIya hovAnuM gaurava laI zakIe. eTale temaNe kahyuM ke, 'ApaNI pAse rahelAnI sevAmAM otaprota jAtamahenata : parizramanuM manuSyajIvanamAM anivArya sthAna che thaI rahevuM e svadezIdharma che... svadezInI zuddha sevA karatAM paradezInI - vyaktigata Arogya mATe to kharuM ja, paraMtu naravI samAjaracanA paNa zuddha sevA thAya ja.' gAMdhIjI ene AvA dRSTAMtathI samajAve mATe paNa jAtamahenata jarUrI che. sRSTicakrano ghasAro ocho karavA che : 'kuTuMbanI upara moha rAkhI huM tene paMpALuM, tene khAtara dhana mATe paNa A jarUrI che. bIjAnI khAMdha para besIne khAnAro coruM, bIjAM kAvatarAM racuM, e svadezI nathI. mAre to tenA pratyeno samAjazoSaka, julmI ane yuddhakhora bane che e darzanamAMthI gAMdhIjIe dharma pALavAno rahyo che. te dharma zodhatAM ne pALatAM mane sarvavyApI jAtamahenatane mahAvata gaNAvyuM. bhAratIya samAja zramika ane dharma maLI rahe.' evuM ja bIjuM dRSTAMta che : "jenA sahaja pAlanathI beThADu evA vargonAM vaheMcAyelo hato. jANe samAja be phADiyAmAM paNa hindustAnanA karoDonI rakSA thaI zake evo kayo svadezI dharma vaheMcAyelo hato. koI paNanA zramano vAjabI badalo ApyA hoya? javAbamAM reMTiyo ane khAdI maLyAM.' vinAno upabhoga gulAmImAM paNa kAraNabhUta hato. enuM nivAraNa eTale teo kahI zakyA : "svadezIvratanuM pAlana karanAra nitya (84) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018)

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potAnI AsapAsa nirIkSaNa karaze ne jyAM jyAM paDozInI sevA kAkAsAheba kAlelakara gAMdhIjInI vratavicAraNA aMge kahe che karI zakAya eTale jyAM jyAM temane hAthe taiyAra thayelo Avazyaka ke "je vratoe rASTrIyajIvanamAM AzA, AtmavizvAsa, skUrti ane mAla haze tyAM tyAM bIjo tajIne te leze.' vaLI teo umere che, dhArmikatAnuM vAtAvaraNa utpanna karyuM te vratoe ja Akhare eka navI 'svadezI dharma pALanAra paradezIno kadI dveSa karaze ja nahi. pUrNa saMskRtinuM maMgala prabhAta zarU karyuM.' svadezImAM koIno dveSa nathI. e premamAMthI, ahiMsAmAMthI utpanna gAMdhIjInI vratavicAraNA AzramavAsIonA jIvanamAM caitanya thayelo suMdara dharma che.' rahevAnA hetuthI AlekhAyelI che, paNa samagra dezavAsIo mATe svadezIne mahAvratamAM gAMdhIjI sthAna ApI zakyA kAraNa ke A vicAraNA preraka banI rahI hatI. ane bhArate ahiMsaka temanI vicAraNA sAMkaDI nathI. sAthe ja svadharma vizenI jIvanamAMthI samAjaracanA siddha karavI haze to haju paNa A vratonuM pAlana UgelI samajaNa che. bhAratIya jIvanamAM je mUlya ke tattvanI anivArya banI rahevAnuM. sthApanA jarUrI hatI tenI spaSTatA karavA teo IcchatA hatA. vratone gAMdhIjI AtmAno dharma gaNAve che. ajJAna ke bIjI sI, 403, surela epArTamenTasa, devAziSa pArka sAme kAraNe AtmAne enuM bhAna nathI rahetuM, eTale enA pAlana sAru jajIsa baMgalA roDa, AMbAvADI, amadAvAda - 380 015 vrata levAnI jarUra paDe che. ane vratanA pAlana mATenA nizcaya upara mo. 98240 42453 khUba bhAra mUke che. Email : mansukhsalla@gmail.com premaLa jyoti premaLa jyoti tAro dAkhavI muja jIvana-paMtha ujALa dUra paDyo nija dhAmathI huM, ne ghere ghana saMsAra, mArga sUjhe nava ghora rajanImAM, nija zizune saMbhALa, mAro jIvanapaMtha ujALa. Dagamagato paga rAkha tuM sthira mujaca dUra najara cho na jAya, dUra mArga jovA lobha lagIra na, eka DagaluM basa thAya, mAre eka DagaluM basa thAya.... kardamabhUmi kaLaNabharelI ne girivara kerI karADa, dhasamasatA jaLa kerA pravAho, sarva vaTAvI kRpALa mane pahoMcADaze nija dvAra. rajanI jaze ne prabhAta UjaLaze, ne smita karaze premALa, divyagaNonAM vaMdana manohara mAre hRdaye vasyAM cirakALa, je meM khoyAM hatAM kSaNa vAra. saMkalana - gAMdhI gaMgA oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (85

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mahAtmA gAMdhIjInA racanAtmaka kAryakrama aMgenuM vihaMgAvalokana devendrakumAra ra. desAI gAMdhIjInA vicAra ane kAryathI prabhAvita AjIvana lekhadhArI sevaka. saurASTra racanAtmaka samitinA pramukha, khAdIborDa ane grAmodyoga sAthe varSothI saMlagna. hAla jaipha vaye paNa yuvAnone zaramAve evI dhagaza ane laganathI kAryarata sAcA gAMdhIbhakta. ''racanAtmaka kAryakrama e pUrNa svarAja meLavavAno satya ane teTalI ja agatyanA dharAve che te jANatA nathI ane te kevaLa ahiMsAno rasto che. huM ema kahuM ke racanAtmaka kAryakramano purepuro rAjakIya pakSa thaI gayo che. Aje rASTrIya ke prAdezika badhAja amala te ja pUrNa svarAja che.'' rAjakIya pakSonuM lakSa satA banI gayuM che ane te mATe racanAtmaka racanAtmaka kAryakrama aMgenI sau prathama 1941mAM lakhAyelI kAryanuM pIThabaLa, ghaDatara ane samaja na hovA ne kAraNe dveSa, ane te paNa khuda gAMdhIjI dvArA lakhAyelA A pustikAnA AmukhamAM avizvAsa ane khetANamAM chellA mANasanuM hita sacavAtuM nathI. gAMdhIjIe A kAryakramanI pUrNa svarAja mATenI mahatAnuM mahatva ApaNe 2 okTobara, 2018 thI mahAtmA gAMdhIjInA 150 samajAvatA upara mujaba lakhyuM che. ApaNe 15 ogasTa, 1947nA mA varSanI ujavaNI zaruM karazuM. UjavaNuM thaze, bhavya ujavaNI thaze svarAja prApta thayuM te pachI 26 jAnyuArI, 1950nA "vI che paraMtu jyAM sudhI racanAtmaka kAryakrama dvArA tenI prANapratiSThA nathI pIpala opha InDiyA....'' ApaNuM baMdhAraNa meLavIne ApaNe thaI tyAM sudhI gAMdhIjInA svapnAnuM bhArata ane pUrNa svarAjano prajAsattAka banyA. AnA kAraNe paradezI sattA gayA pachI ApaNuM anubhava samAjano chello mANasa karato nahI thaI zake. baMdhAraNa maLatAM lagabhaga sAta dAyakAnI majala pachI ApaNI mahAtmA gAMdhIjInI hayAtimAM koMgrese tilaka svarAja phaMDa prajAkIya sarakAroe bhArata varSanA rAjyo ane samagra dezamAM ekatrita karyu hatuM. te phaMDamAMthI koMgresa mahAsamitie dezamAM gAMdhIjInA sarakAra dvArA dezanA aneka kSetre, svarAja maLyuM tyAre jeo vidyArthI khAdI vicArane amalamAM mukavA 2 lAkha carakhAo calAvavAno hatA ane Aje je sAtamAMthI navamA dAyakAmAM jIve che te sau te saMkalpa karelo ane tenuM kArya paNa thayuM. koMgrese mahAsamitinA divasonI sarakhAmaNImAM Aje ApaNe jagatanA bIjA aneka TharAvathI mahAtmA gAMdhIjInI upasthitimAM akhila bhArata carakhA vikasita dezonI haroLamAM ubhA rahevA mATe haraNa phALa bharI saMgha, akhila bhArata grAmodyoga saMgha, akhila bhArata nA tAlIma rahyA che ane ThIka-ThIka majala kApI che te spaSTa paNe joI zake che. saMgha vagerenI racanA thaI hatI ane carakhA saMghanA pahelA maMtrI zrI Aje svarAja vakhate je jana saMkhyA hatI tenAthI traNa gaNI jana javAharalAla naherU hatA. te vakhate AcArya zrI je.bI. kripalANIjI saMkhyA thaI gaI che ane svarAja vakhate je jana saMkhyA hatI tenAthI e uttara bhAratamAM Thera-Thera mukhyatve khAdI grAmodyogano kAryakrama vadhu loko Aje garIbI rekhA nIce jIve che ane bekArI paNa DoLA ane racanAtmaka kAryakrama calAvavA 'gAMdhI-Azramo sthApelAM teo phADIne ubhI che. Aje dezanA chellAmAM chellA mANasane svarAjano temanA pramukha hatA. Aje paNa te gAMdhI Azramo AjanI paristhiti anubhava nathI thato tyAM pUrNa svarAjanA anubhavanI to vAta ja pramANe kAma karI rahyA che. eka samaye dezamAM sauthI moTuM kAma gAMdhI kyAM? AnuM kAraNa zuM? tenuM kAraNa eTalu ja che ke mahAtmA AzramonuM gaNAtuM hatuM ane temanA kAryakartAo Adarza racanAtmaka gAMdhIjIe emanA svapnAnA svataMtra bhAratanI je kalpanA karelI kAryakaro rahyA hatAM. zrI javAharalAla naherU, zrI AcArya te haju sAkAra nathI thayuM kAraNake gAMdhIjI te vakhate icchatA hatA kripalANIjI, saradAra zrI vallabhabhAI paTela, zrI rAjendrabAbu ke temane ApelA racanAtmaka kAryakramo Ama prajA apanAvIne jevA dezanA uccakoTInA svarAjanI laDatanA laDavaiyA koMgresa upADI le ane te kAma koMgresa mahAsamitinA kAryakaro ane racanAtmaka mahAsamitinA sUkSma AgevAno jevA potapotAnA kSetromAM khAdI kAma karanArAo uThAve paraMtu Ama thayuM nahi. racanAtmaka kAma grAmodyoga ane gAMdhIjInA bIjAM racanAtmaka kAryakrama calAvatA karanArAo Aje paNa e kAma karI rahyA che. jema-jema varSo jatAM hatAM. racanAtmaka kAma ane tenuM rahasya ane sthAna e pustikA jAya che tema-tema svarAja pachI bIjI ke trIjI peDhInA loko racanAtmaka kAryakaro, koMgresa mahAsamitinA kAryakaro ane Ama rAjakIya pakSamAM, vaidhAnika saMsthAomAM, prajAkIya sarakAromAM ane janatAne koMgresa mahAsamitinI vinaMtIthI gAMdhIjInA lekho dvArA vahIvaTI taMtramAM racanAtmaka kAryakrama dvArA bhAratanuM ghaDatara ane lakhelI ane pragaTa thayelI che ane tenI vistRta ane spaSTa samaja caNatara thaI zake te samaja lagabhaga moTAbhAge bhuMsAtI gaI che. DaoN. bAbu rAjendraprasAdajI e eka pustikA dvArA lakhI che. A gAMdhIjIe je apekSA koMgresa mahAsamiti ane tenA kAryakaro baMne navajIvana prakAzana amadAvAde pragaTa karela che. Aje kadAca pAsethI rAkhI hatI teone paNa A kAryakrama zuM che ane Aje paNa upalabdha na paNa hoya A pustikA vize gAMdhIjIe kahyuM che, "zrI (86) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018)

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rAjendrabAbunA vivecanamAM vAMcakane tenI samaja ane jJAna sAru emaNe sUcavela racanAtmaka kAryakramomAM paNa che. eka bAju jo vadhAravAnArI sAmagrI maLaze temanA lekhamAM evI vigato che je A traNe bAbatothI gAMdhIjInI khAsiyata jaNAI AvatI hoya to mArAmAM nathI kAryakartAoe baMne saMgharavI ghaTe che.'' A baMne bIjI bAju gAMdhIjInA samagra jIvanamAM je mahAna zokAMtikA pustikAo ApaNe joIzuM to svarAja pachI pUrNa svarAjanuM svapna (TrejaDI) jovA maLe che tenuM eka mukhya kAraNa Atmazudhdhi ane haju kema sidhdha nathI thayuM tenI uNapa ane khAmI samajAI jaze. racanAtmaka kAma pratye thayeluM durlakSa che. satyAgrahInA zIlanuM nirUpaNa koMgresa mahAsamitinA sakriya sabhyane mATe saMpurNa khAdI paheravAnI gAMdhIjIe ekAdaza vratonA mAdhyamathI karyuM. temaNe samAja samakSa pharajIyAta hatI ane Aje paNa kadAca haze paraMtu Aje teno rajU karela e ekAdasa vrato ane temaNe cIdhelA racanAtmaka kAryakramo amala lagabhaga visarAI gayo che. zrI uccharaMgarAya Dhebara saurASTra aMgenuM durlakSa na thayuM hota to kadAca ApaNA dezano itihAsa judo rAjyanA prathama mukhyamaMtrI jemaNe 1954nA arasAmAM bhAratIya ja lakhAyo hota. gAMdhIjInA vataniSTha jIvanane lIdhe emane lokoe rASTriya koMgresanA pramukhapadanI javAbadArI soMpelI, jemane sva. Adara sanmAna ApyAM hatAM. emane 'mahAtmA' kahyA hatA. emanI zrI cImanabhAI cakubhAI zAhe temanA nidhana vakhate lakhelA lekhamAM sarakhAmaNI saMto joDe karI hatI. emanA ekAdaza vrato satyAgrahIne lakheluM ke, "atizayokti vagara kahI zakuM ke teo (zrI DhebarabhAI) joItI zuddhi, tejasvitA ke daivI saMpati pUrI pADe che. paNa enI gAMdhIjInI nAnI AvRti hatA'' zrI DhebarabhAIe koMgresa pramukha tarapha lokoe pramANamAM ochuM dhyAna ApyuM hatuM. gAMdhIjInA tarIke racanAtmaka kAryakramane varelA, samajanArA ane A kAryakrama sUcavelA racanAtmaka kAryakramo saMge kadAca enA karatAM paNa ochuM sAthe joDAyelA gujarAtanA eka vakhatanA rAjyapAla zrI dhyAna apAyuM hatuM. hA, racanAtmaka kAryanI dIkSA laine AkhuM zrImannanArAyaNajI agravAlane, zrI sAdika alIjI ane zrI jIvana enI pAchaLa khapAvI denAra sAthIo gAMdhIjIne maLyA mahendramohana caudharIjIne koMgresanA mahAmaMtrI niyukta karelA. zrI hatA. e A bAbatanuM majabUta pAsuM hatuM. gAMdhIjIe potAnA DhebarabhAIe koMgresanA mukhya mathaka 7, jaMtara-maMtara roDamAM racanAtmaka bhASaNomAM ane khAsa to potAnA lakhANomAM racanAtmaka kAryakrama vibhAganuM kAryAlaya zarU karela ane temanI javAbadArI gujarAtanA aMge anavarata kahyA ke lakhyA karyuM hatuM, e paNa kharuM. ekAdasa pUrva mukhyamaMtrI zrI bAbubhAI jasabhAI paTela, mahAtmA gAMdhIjInA vratono Agraha temaNe mukhyatve AzramavAsIo pUrato sImita dAMDIyAtrAnA sAthI ane sAbaramatI AzramanA aMtevAsI zrI rAkhyo hato. racanAtmaka kAmanI apekSA emaNe vizALa janasamudAya chaganabhAI jozIne soMpeluM, mane paNa temanI sAthe ane zrI pAsethI rAkhI hatI. khAsa karIne kogresajano pAse rAkhI hatI. DhebarabhAI sAthe koMgresa mahAsamitinA mukhya mathakamAM kAma karavAnI paNa teo pote paNa racanAtmaka kAmo sAru jeTaluM IcchatA hatA taka maLelI. eTalo samaya ApI zakyA nahoto ane koMgresajana ane "dhruva pradeza para patharAyelA baraphanA pArAvAramAM sapATI para dezavAsIoe to gAMdhIjInI apekSA karatAM ghaNo ocho samaya taratI himazilAonAM mAtra zikharo ja upara dekhAya che e vAta Apyo hato. ema to eka cInane bAda karatAM bIjA koI paNa jANItI che. eno khAsso moTo hisso to sapATInI nIce DUbelo svataMtratA khAtara jhujhanArA deza karatAM hiMda racanAtmaka kAmone hoya che. A himazilAonI kharI tAkAta to sapATInI nIcenA vadhAre apanAvyAM haze, paNa e hakIkata che ke hiMdustAna jevaDAM baraphanA e vizALa khaDakomAM hoya che. bhalabhalAM moTAM vahANo jo moTo deza ane enI eka ekathI vadhu kaThaNa evI samasyAone enI sAthe athaDAya to enA phuracA uDAvI de evI enI jabaradasta ukelavA sAru jeTalI racanAtmaka zakti lAge teTalI gAMdhIjInI tAkAta hoya che.'' apekSA hatI tevI zakti e kAmo sAru nahotI lAgI ane gAMdhIjInA jIvanamAM emaNe karelA satyAgraho e himazilAnAM gAMdhIjInA jIvananI mahAna karUNAMtikAmAM A hakIkate paNa eka sapATI upara dekhAtAM zikharo jevA che. e satyAgrahone asalI cokkasa bhAga bhajavyo hato.'' tAkAta ApavAnuM kAma satyAgrahIe potAnA jIvanamAM utArela gAMdhIjI svarAja pahelAnuM sthitinA saMdarbhamAM emanuM je ciMtana (ekAdaza) vrato ane samAje amalamAM mUkelA racanAtmaka kAmo ja cAlatuM hatuM temAM dezamAM garIbI dUra karavI, bekArI dUra karavI, kare che. satyAgraha, vrata ane racanAtmaka kArya-gAMdhIjInA cAritryanA asamAnatA dUra karavI, gaMdakI dUra karavI, bekArI dUra karavI, roga A traNa pAyA che ane ekeyanuM mahatva bIjAthI UtaratuM nathI. e dUra karavA, ajJAna dUra karavuM Ama dezanI vyavasthA badalavA mAMgatA traNeye ekabIjA sAthe avibhAjya rIte gUMthAIne ekabIjAnI hatA Ama karavA mATe deza aMgrejI gulAmI zAsana nIce hato te tAkAtano guNAkAra karyo che. gAMdhIjInA jIvananI vizeSatA sauthI pahelo avarodha hato AthI sau pahelA gulAmI dUra karavI samAjaparivartana sAru emaNe Apela satyAgrahanA sAdhanamAM jeTalI e temano pramukha lakSya hato Ama svataMtra bhArata dezamAM eka che, eTalI ja satyAgrahInA jIvana sAru emaNe sUcavela ane vyavasthA ubhI karavA mAMgatA hatAM tene sau ahiMsaka samAja vyavasthA Acarela ekAdasa vratomAM che ane eTalI ja satyAgrahI samAja kahetA hatAM A mATe eTale ke dezanI gulAmI dUra karavA mATe paNa LoNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha)(87)

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teone racanAtmaka kAryakrama mATe prajAne ane te vakhate AjhAdI mATenI laDatamAM mukhyatve e eka mAtra koMgresa saMsthA hatI temanA kAryakaro ane anya racanAtmaka kAryakaronA sahakArathI ahiMsaka samAja racanA mATe racanAtmaka kAryakrama ne amogha zastra temaNe mAneluM ane te mATe temane tAlIma ApavA mAMgatA hatAM gulAmI dUra thAya ane svarAja hAMsila thAya tyAre pachI ja sAcu svarAja eTale ke kevaLa rAjya sarakArano palaTo nahI paraMtu dareka loko potAnI junI mAnyatA temaja sAdAI ane svAvalaMbananA sadaguNathI mAnasika rIte paNa gulAmImAMthI mukta bane potAnI ane dezanI tamAma jarUrIyAto mATe temaNe racelI sarakAro upara mITa mAMDelI najarue kAMI pote ja potAnA kAmo karatAM thAya tevA svAvalaMbI bane te mATe svarAja pachI paNa pUrNa svarAja prApta mATe racanAtmaka kAryakrama tenuM zikSaNa ane teno amala anivArya mAnatA hatAM. mATe temaNe zarUAtamAM traNa racanAtmaka kAryakramonI zarUAta karelI komI ekatA, khAdI ane aspRzyatA nivAraNa e traNamAMthI pachI 13 racanAtmaka kAryakramo thayA ane 13 racanAtmaka kAryakramomAMthI nIce mujaba 18 racanAtmaka kAryakramo thayA. A (1) komI ekatA (2) aspRzyatA nivAraNa (3) dArUbaMdhI (4) khAdI (5) bIjA grAmodyogo (6) grAma saphAI (7) navI tAlIma (8) prauDha zikSaNa (9) rASTrabhASA (10) taMdurastInA niyamonI keLavaNI (11) prAMtika bhASAo (12) strIo (13) Arthika asamAnatA (14) kisAno (15) majurI (16) AdivAsIo (17) raktapittanA rogIo (18) vidyArthIo jema jema temanI draSTi AgaLa kAma ughaDatuM gayuM tema tema navA kAryakramo paNa temAM temanI hayAtimAM umerAyA jemAM gausevAno kAryakrama pachI umerAyo tevI ja rIte taMdurastInA niyamonI keLavaNI ane raktapitanA rogIone 18 kAryakramamAM sthAna apAyuM che. paraMtu pachIthI temaNe lagabhaga 1945mAM punA najIka urUlIkAMcananA gAmaDAmAM nisargo upacArano prayoga karyo chellA divasomAM temaNe svarAja pachI koMgresa saMsthAnuM mukhya kAma rAjakIya kSetre raheze tema samajane loka sevaka saMdhanI racanAnI vAta karI tenAM vasiyatanAmAmAM jaNAveluM che temAM matadAronI keLavaNIne paNa teNe sthAna ApyuM che Aje ApaNe pUrNa svarAjano anubhava nathI karatAM emAM racanAtmaka kAryakramanA zikSaNa ane amalano abhAva joIe chIe ane matadAronI keLavaNI nathI thatI tethI Aje kyAreka kyAreka ApaNe lokazAhImAM ToLAzAhI jevI sthiti joIe che temAM matadAronI jAgRtinA abhAve ane nAta jAtanA vADAmAM phasAya ne vaidhAnika saMsthAomAM yogya umedavAro sthAna letA nathI temAM paNa matadAronI keLavaNIno abhAva che. mahAtmA gAMdhI mahAtmA kema loka hRdayanI aMdara kevaLa dezamAM ja nahIM paNa vizvamAM prasthApita thayA temAM A badhA racanAtmaka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha paNa 8. kAryakramo pote potAnA jIvanamAM ajamAvelA che ane saMgopAMga AcarI batAvyA ane nirbhaya rIte kahI zakyA ke, "mArU jIvana e ja mAro saMdeza'' AthI ja temaNe svarAja pahelA kocarabanA Azramane kAraNe koMgresa dvArA keTalAka racanAtmaka kAryakramonA koMgresanI pratiSThA sAthe alaga alaga rASTrIya saMgaThano sthApyA ane temA potAnA AcaraNathI kevaLa Aja kAmane varelA hajAro sevako taiyAra karyA temAM dalito, harijano ane bhIla jAtinI sevA mATe zrI Thakkara bApA, (zrI amRtalAla Thakkara) zrI Arya nAyakamajI ane AzAdevIjI nI tAlIma mATe, zrI rAdhA kRSNa bajAja ane zrI pAralekarajI gausevAnA kAma mATe jevA dareka kSetranA kAryakartAo taiyAra karyA jemAM carakhAsaMgha, grAmodyoga saMgha, naI tAlima saMgha, gau sevA saMgha, nazAbaMdhI maMDaLa, rASTrabhASA pracAra samiti, harijana sevaka saMgha, AdimajAti sevaka saMgha, vagere saMgaThano ubhA karyA ane temane sthAI banAvela temanA dvArA A kAryakramo calAvyA ane prajA mAnasane ghaDIne temAM joDayA. mahatmA gAMdhIjIe satya ane ahiMsAne raste pUrNa svarAja prApta karavA racanAtmaka kAryakramono pUrNa amala tevuM kahyuM hatuM te haju ApaNe karI zakyA nathI. ApaNe 2 jI okTobara 2018 thI gAMdhIjInA janmanA 150mAM varSane ujavIzuM AmAM ApaNo sahayoga pUrNa svarAjanI dizAmAM kayo hoI zake evuM ApaNA manamAM uge ane jo ApaNe saMkalpa karavA mAMgIe to ApaNe temaNe cIMdhelA 18 kAryakramo ke temAM pachIthI umerAyelA 2-4 vadhu kAryakramomAMthI koIka eka apanAvavA ane jAte anusaravA saMkalpa karIe to e ApaNuM emanI puNyasmRtine yogya pradAna gaNAze. haju jyAre svarAja nahotuM maLyuM tyAre punAmAM tA. 13-011945nA gAMdhIjIe racanAtmaka kAryakrama aMgenI tenI pustikAnI Amukha lakhelI tyAre kadAca AjanA rAjakAraNamAM ane sabhAomAM je AkSepAtmaka bhASaNo jhUDavAnI pravRti thAya che tenI kalpanA kadAca tyAre paNa temane karo A vAtanI pratIti temanI pustikAnA AmukhanA nIcenA chellA peregrAphamAM thaze. 'racanAtmaka kAryakrama raju karatAM pahelAM meM upara je vAta karI che te jo vAcakanA dilamAM vasI haze to e kAryakramamAM ane tenA amalanA kAryamAM akhUTa rasa rahelo che e vAta tene samajAze; eTalu ja nahIM; rAjakAraNane nAme je pravRti bhASaNo jhUDavAnI cAle che tenA jeTalo ja UMDo rasa A pravRttimAM paNa paDe tema che. kaMI nahIM to A racanAtmaka pravRtti khasUsa vadhAre mahatvanI ne vadhAre upayogI che.'' jyAre navI dilhImAM zrI javAharalAla naherUnA vaDApradhAna pada sAthenuM navu maMtrI maMDaLa racAyuM tyAre samagra maMtrI maMDaLa gAMdhIjInA AzIrvAda levA gayuM. gAMdhIjIe kahyu, "huM tamAro ja vicAra karI rahyo hato, have tamArA hAthamAM dezane ghaDavAnuM Avyu che tyAre jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka oNkTobara- 2018

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komI ekatA, aspRzyatA nivAraNa, dArUbaMdhI ane khAdIne bhulazo nahI.'' gAMdhIjIe temanA racanAtmaka kAryakramo paikI A cAra racanAtmaka kAryakramo aMge je mArmika Takora karI che te mATe kharA hRdayanA purA prayatna thayA che ke kema te AjanA avasare ApaNe saue AtmanirIkSaNa karavAnI jarUra che gAMdhIjIe je cAra kAryakramanI vAta karI e cAreya kAryakrama temanI pustikAmAM upara jaNAvyA mujaba 1 thI 4 kAryakrama aMge temane 13 pAnAmAM samaja ApI che A badhA kAryakramo aMge ApaNe A eka lekhamAM vigatavAra vicAraNA na karI zakIye. jemane rasa hoya temaNe gAMdhIjInI A pustikA temaja DaoN. rAjendrabAbunI pustikA jeno meM upara ullekha karyo che te vigatavAra joI zake che paNa tenI upayogitA Aje paNa jemane tema che Aje bhale dezakALa ane saMdarbho badalAyA vadhu sAdhano upalabdha che AmA svarAjanI sarakAre paNa keTaluMka kheDANa karyu che paNa sAthe Aje tenAthI 4-5 gaNI vastI vadhI che. che. komI ekatAnA kAryakrama aMge mukhyatve saunA dhyAnamAM ane kadAca gAMdhIjIne paNa mukhya te bAbata dhyAnamAM hovA saMbhava che e hiMdu-muslimanI komI ekatA bAbata che Ane thoDI vistRta rIte joIe to khistI vagere paNa Ave paraMtu svarAja pachI A komI ekatA upara-upara kAyadAthI ke baMdhAraNathI ane navI peDhInI samaja ane vyavahArathI bhale ThIka-ThIka rIte dUra thaI hoya temAM aspRzyatA paNa AvI jAya paraMtu e jaDamAMthI to nAbUda thaI nathI te ApaNe joIe chIe gujarAtamAM 2002mAM ane Aje paNa uttarapradeza ane bIjA pradezomAM hiMdu-muslimanuM komI vaimanasya dekhANuM che paraMtu vadhu ciMtAjanaka sthitie che ke hiMduomAM ane tevI ja rIte muslima ane tevA anya vargomAM paNa jAti ane peTAjAti sudhI A dUSaNa pahoMcyu che Ane svarAja ke pUrNa svarAja ApaNe kahI zakIe kharA? Aje vaidhAnika saMsthAomAM kaI jJAti ke peTAjJAtinA matadAro vadhAre che te joine umedavAro UbhA rakhAya che. pradhAna maMDaLo ke kamizana, borDa, nigamonI racanA jJAti ane peTAjJAtimAM keTalA sabhyono samAveza karAyo che tema jovAya che. jarUra Aje ApaNe cUMTaNI dvArA vaidhAnika saMsthAo racIe chIe matadAnanI TakAvArI paNa vadhe che, mahadaaMze zAMta cUMTaNIo paNa thAya che paraMtu jyAM sudhI komI ekatA ane tenAthI paNa nAta-jAtanI varavI sthiti uMDI utaratI jAya che tyAM sudhI ApaNI lokazAhIe baMdhAraNa mujabanA yogya majabUta mULIyA nAMkhyA che tema kahevAno umaMga thato nathI. Aje paNa kalakatAmAM ane pazcima baMgALamAM matadArone sAcavavA tyAMnA sattAdhArI pakSa hiMdu-muslima komane temanA tahevAromAM rijhavavA eka yA bIjI rIte gAMdhI vicAranI draSTie ucita pagalA letA nathI. eja loko jyAre vipakSamAM Ave tyAre ane vipakSa sattAmAM hoya tyAre ulaTI sthiti thaI jAya che eTale komI ekatAnI vAta karatAM mata oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI meLavavAnI salAmatI dhyAnamAM rahe che A eka ApaNI moTI kamanasIbI che. A aspRzyatA nivAraNa aMge paNa ApaNe bedhaDaka kahI zakIzuM ke baMdhAraNe ApelI vaidhAnika saMsthAomAM ke nokarIomAM ke zikSaNamAM ArakSaNa prathama 10 varSa mATe hatuM te Aja 70 varSe paNa cAlu che AnI phariyAda mane nathI. phariyAda ke duHkha haju enA mULIyA nAbUda nathI thayA te vAtanuM che. je anAmata vistAramAM Aje zeDayulakAsTa ke zeDayulaTrAIbanA umedavAra ubhA rahe che tyAM ArakSaNa haTI jAya ane e jyAM ubhA rahe tyAM A varga sivAyanA hiMdu samAjanA ane temAM paNa je jAtinA vadhu matadAro hoya tenA umedavAra ubhA rahe to jItavAnI vAta to ThIka paNa DipojhITa salAmata rAkhI zake ema ApaNe bedhaDaka kahI zakazuM? keTalAka ema pUche che ke A ArakSaNa kayAM sudhI? jyAM sudhI ahI varNavelI sthiti sAmAnya na bane tyAM sudhI ArakSaNa haTAvavAnI vAtanuM vicArI zakAya kharU? Ane racanAtmaka kAryakramano amala kahI zakIe kharA? racanAtmaka kAryakramamAM khAdI ane grAmodyoganI vAta Ave che khAdI aMge khUba kahevAyuM che, lakhAyuM che ane janamAnasa kaMIka aMze e vAta samajatuM thayuM che gAMdhIjIe A kAryakrama 1915mAM Apyo ane sutarane tAMtaNe svarAjanI vAta karI. javAharalAlajIe tene AjhAdIno poSAka kahyo, AjanA vaDApradhAnazrI narendrabhAIe khAdI phora nezananI vAta karI ane yuvAnone AkarSavA khAdIne phezana mATe paNa gaNAvI. gAMdhIjIe nIcenI vAta kahI che te ahIM TAMku chuM. ''khAdI kevaLa rojI ApavAvALo eka udyoga che e khyAla to ApaNe choDI devo joIe, khAdI vastra nahIM paNa vicAra che. mAre mane khAdI hindustAnanI AkhI vastInI ekatAnuM, tenA Arthika svAtaMtra ne samAnatAnuM pratIka che.'' gAMdhIjIe uparanI je vAta kahI te samajavA ane tenI upayogItA mATe nIcenI vAta paNa samajIe. ''ApaNe khAdI paherIye chIe temAM kharcAto pratyeka rUpiyo kapAsa ugADanAra kheDUtane, kAMtanArane, vaNanArane, pIjanArane, dhobIne, ane vyavasthA taMtra saMbhALanAranI vacce vaheMcAya che jyAre milamAM ke tevI rIte pedA thatAM vastromAM kAcomAla ane majUrImAM je hisso vaparAya che tenAthI vadhu rakama tenA utpAdaka mIlamAlikane ane vitaraNa vyavasthAmAM jAya che. Ama asamAnatA poSAya che. pradUSaNa notare che ane zaherIkaraNa sarjAya che. khAdI e vastra nathI vicAra che ema je kahevAya che te A draSTie samajavAnuM che. kendrita utpAdanane kAraNe dhanasaMcaya ane tenI bUrAI ane tenAthI samAjanI samatulA ane zAMti jokhamAya che jyAre khAdI jevA vikendrita utpAdanathI bhAIcAro, samAnatA ane tene pariNAme vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 89

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prema, satya, zAMti ane ahiMsAnAM paribaLo majabUta bane che.'' paDaze. to pachI, pote sattA hAthamAM lIdhA vinA, tame sattAne dArUbaMdhInI vAtamAM gAMdhIjIe ema kaheluM ke "mane lIMbu doravaNI Apazo ane dezanA rAjakAraNane dhAryo ghATa ApI uchALa samaya sudhI sattA maLe to huM pahelA saMpurNa dArUbaMdhI dAkhala zakazo. karuM.'' Aje gujarAta hamaNA keTalAka samayathI bihAra ane bIje sarakAra pAse saue so TakA tamArA dhAryA pramANe karAvavAnI kayAMya-kayAMya chUTI chavAI pAMgaLI dArUbaMdhI che. A kAma kevaLa tAkAta tamArAmAM zAthI nathI? emAM doSa racanAtmaka kArya sarakAra na karI zake, A badhA racanAtmaka kAmo racanAtmaka kAryakramanA karanArAono che. tamane racanAtmaka kAmane viSe zradhdhA che kharI pIThabaLa upara ja sAmAjika ane rAjakIya sudhArA thaI zake dA.ta. paraMtu tamArI buddhine tejasvI kare eTalI tamArI zradhdhA UMDI ke saurASTra rAjyamAM grAmapaMcAyatonI sthApanA, dArUbaMdhI vagere kAmo samajapUrvakanI nathI ane tethI tamAro vikAsa ekAMgI rahyo che. thayAM. alaga saurASTra rAjyanA prathama mukhya maMtrI zrI uccharaMgarAya 'racanAtmaka kArya karanArAonI evI TIkA karavAmAM Ave che ke, ema. Dhebara (zrI DhebarabhAI) e kheDUta ane grAsadArone sAthe teo jaDa budhdhinA che, temanAmAM kalpanAzakti ke buddhi nathI, laIne, maMtrImaMDaLa ane vidhAna sabhAnA tenA sAthIone sAthe budhdhi haMmezA bhAvanAne anusare che. ApaNA budhdhijIvI lokomAM rAkhIne vahIvaTI taMtrane temAM joDIne, be ja varSamAM jamIna sudhAraNAnA racanAtmaka kAmane viSe sahAnubhUti nathI evuM nathI. paNa temanI tamAma kAyadA pasAra karyA ane teno sAMgopAMga amala karyo jenAthI buddhine ApaNI sAthe kheMcavA jeTalo ApaNe temanAM hRdayomAM hajAro kisAno jamInanA mAlika banyA hatA ane Aje paNa che praveza nathI karyo. AvI ApaNI nAdArI che.'' tenuM eka mahatvanuM kAraNa zrI DhebarabhAI to saurASTra racanAtmaka pachIthI temaNe niSphaLatAnA kAraNonuM pRthakkaraNa karyuM. racanAtmaka samitinI sthApanAnA mukhya praNetA hatA. paraMtu zrI ratubhAI kAryanA rAjakIya mUlyane kAraNe koMgrese te apanAvyuM hatuM. ''laData adANI ane bIjA zrI nAnAbhAI bhaTTa ane zrI baLavaMtabhAI pUrI thatAM, racanAtmaka kArya viSeno ApaNo rasa maMda paDayo. mahetA vagere racanAtmaka samitinA sthApako ane racanAtmaka kAma racanAtmaka kArya e kaMI jarUra pramANe apanAvI zakAya athavA calAvanArA hatA ane tyAre bahAravaTiyAnI raMjhADa vacce saurASTranA choDI daI zakAya evI laDatanI vyuharacanA ke kAryapadhdhati nathI. e racanAtmaka kAma, khAdI kAma ane zikSaNakAmanA thANAonA to jIvanapadhdhatinuM nidarzaka che. e to hRdayathI tema ja budhdhithI pIThabaLathI A kAma thayuM hatuM. A lekha ThIka-ThIka lAMbo thayo che. apanAvavAnuM hoya che.'' koMgresanI sAme bakhALA kADhavAno kazo racanAtmaka kAma tenI samaja, tenI ridhdhI ane niSphaLatAo artha nathI. koMgrese judI-judI racanAtmaka kArya mATenI saMsthAone aMge tenI upayogItA ane kevA kAryakaro kAma karI zake te bAbata potAnuM nAma ApyuM che, je kArya temaNe karavAnuM che te mATeno teNe gAMdhIjI sAthe rahelA zrI pyArelAlajI naiyare ''lAsTa phejha'' nAmanA temane hakapaTo Apyo che, paraMtu racanAtmaka kArya karanArAo aMgrejI graMtho lakhyA che tenuM hiMdI ane gujarAtImAM aMgrejInI jema temanI pAsethI rAkhavAmAM AvelI apekSA pUrI karavAmAM niSphaLa navajIvana prakAzanane saMpAdana kareluM che, "mahAtmA gAMdhI-pUrNAhuti'' nIvaDyA che. "vedArone Arthika rAhata ApavI athavA rIvone thoDI tenA cothA pustakamAM Ano Aro evo ullekha gAMdhIjIe zuM ronI mApavI nahIM, paNa hiMsava samAnaranA nirmANa vacharavI kaheluM ane tenuM mArgadarzana zuM hatuM te meLavI zakAya tema che ravanAtma vAryakramanuM nakya che, emAM ApaNe jhAjhI pragati karI AmAMthI huM phakta nIceno phakaro TAMkIne mAro A lekha puro karU zakyA nathI.'' ene mATe to ApaNe "nekane racanAtmavA varSanI zAstrIya bhUmikAnI pUrepUrI samaja hoya tathA ahiMsAnI draSTithI tenA | 'ahiMsA sattA dhAraNa karatAM veta ahiMsA ja maTI jAya ane maitAnI nemane nA hoya, va caDiyAtA kabUtara prAranI sadoSa banI jAya. 1937nI sAlamAM gAMdhIjIe ahiMsAne viSe vArtAnonI jarUra che. saphaLatAno AdhAra saMpUrNa zudhdhatA para aTala zradhdhA dharAvanArAonI gAMdhI sevA saMgha nAmanI saMsthAnA che; adhIrAI jIvaleNa thaI paDe.'' keTalAka sabhyone rAjakAraNa vizuddha karavAne, tene hiMsA ane anya gAMdhIjIe kahyuM ke, atyAra sudhI to ApaNA moTA bhAganA dUSaNothI mukta karavAne, dhArAsabhAomAM mokalyA hatA. temane kAryakartAo zaheramAMthI AvyA che. paNa have pachI, "grAmavAsIonA kahyuM, "mArI doravaNI nIce saMghe dezanA rAjakAraNamAM dAkhala hRdayamAM praveza karI zake, ane ApoApa temanI ja draSTithI thaIne tene vizuddha karavAno alpajIvI prayatna karyo hato, paNa mAre vicAra kare, evA khuda gAmaDAmAMthI ja AvelA kAryakartAonI'' mArI hAra kabUlavI paDI ane Akhare khuda gAMdhI sevAsaMghane ja vadhu ne vadhu jarUra paDaze.'' sameTI levo paDyo'' gAMdhIjIe kAryakartAone kahyuM ke, tame tamAruM | gujarAta khAdI grAmodyoga vastrAgAra, potAnuM ghara ja vyavasthita karI do, ane tamArI pAsethI apekSA gujarAta kaoNleja pAse, elisabrIja, amadAvAda -380006. rAkhavAmAM Ave che te dhoraNe tame pahoMco, to tamAro hetu pAra phona naM. 079-26423682 (90) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018) che.

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gAMdhInuM vijJAna DaoN. paMkaja jozI brahmAMDavidhAnA dezanA agraNI vaijJAnika. vikhyAta vaijJAnika sTIphana haoNkIMnsanA AsisTanTa rahI cUkelA A variSTha saMzodhaka varSo sudhI dezanI vikhyAta TATA phanDAmenTala rIsarca insTiTyuTa sAthe saMkaLAyelA hatA. hAla carotara sAyansa enDa TeknolojI yunivarsiTInA kulapati. bleka haoNla thiyarI ane sigyulArITInA mahattvanAM pustakonA lekhaka. vaijJAnika siddhAnto skUla kaoNlejonAM bALako samajI zake e mATe gujarAtI bhASAmAM saraLatAthI samajAvatAM aneka gujarAtI pustakonA paNa lekhaka. gAMdhI ane vijJAna? gAMdhI saMta hatA, mahAtmA hatA e badhuM sAcuM, paNa teo ane vijJAna e baMne vacce vaLI zuM saMbaMdha? dezanA buddhizALI vargamAM Aje paNa Avo prazna puchAyA kare che. mahAtmA gAMdhI lokone bhegA karI jANatA, bhAratanI AjhAdI lAvavAmAM temaNe madada karI, paNa emanI vicAravAnI paddhati to ghaNI avaijJAnika hatI ane teo to vijJAnanA virodhI hatA, AvuM vidhAna paNa avAranavAra saMbhALavA maLe che. khAsa karIne dezanA bhaNelA gaNelA ane buddhipradhAna lokomAM teo eka dhArmika vyakti jarUra hatA paNa vaijJAnika abhigamavALA nahi, ane AthI ja AjanA vijJAna yugamAM teo ghaNA aMze aprastuta paNa kharA, evuM paNa kahevAya che. eTaluM ja nahi, ghaNA loko to gAMdhInA vicArone Adhunika vijJAnanA saMdarbhamAM sAva pachAta paNa gaNe-gaNAve che. Aje paNa AvA vicAro ane chApa bhAratanA buddhizALI vargamAM vyApaka che. pachI saMta mahAtmA tarIke teo bhale gAMdhIjIne mAna ane Adara ApatA hoya, paNa e to alaga vAta che. AjhAdI pachI A vicAra ane chApa eTalI hade vyApaka thayA che. ke karavAmAM AvyA che ke ApaNA dezanA bhAvi ghaDataranA ke Arthika AyojanonI vAta Ave tyAre, athavA vijJAna viSayaka nItionI vAta Ave tyAre sarakAra, nItio ane Ayojano ghaDanArA tathA vijJAnIo dvArA gAMdhInuM bhAgye ja nAma levAya che. kharekhara to e badhAM kAryomAM gAMdhIne prastuta manAyA ja nathI ane A rIte dezanI bauddhika tathA vijJAnanItio tathA dezanA bhAvi Ayojano ane draSTimAM gAMdhI jANe gerahAjara ja rahe che. A ja rIte bIjI bAjue jo gAMdhI viSenA abhyAso ane gAMdhI sAhitya joIe to temAM paNa vijJAna viSenI koI paNa vAtano moTA bhAge abhAva jovA maLe che. salAhanI takalIpha e che ke te amalamAM mUkI zakAya tevI nathI ............ zuM ardha mAnavajAtino ApaNe vinAza karavo che?'' javAharalAla neharue eno javAba ApatA hakasalIne lakhyuM ke gAMdhInuM A valaNa yogya nathI ane temAM bhUlo hovAno saMbhava che... pachI to bhAratanA vijJAna nIti banAvanArAoe tathA AyojanakartAoe A vAta upADI lIdhI ane A badhA viSayomAM gAMdhIne sAva aspRzya karI mUkyA. dAkhalA tarIke vijJAnI maidhanAda sAhAe AjhAdI pachI dezanA AyojanonI carcA karatI vakhate raziyA ne lakheluM ke, "tamane jeTalo Adara tolsatoya mATe che eTalo ja Adara amane paNa gAMdhInA Arthika ane sAmAjika vicAro mATe che.'' TUMkamAM gAMdhIne geravaijJAnika ane pachAta valaNa dharAvatA cItaravAmAM AvyA ane dezanI AjhAdI pachInA kAlamAM A chApa buddhizALI varga ane nItinA ghaDavaiyAomAM majabuta ja thatI ke karAtI gaI che. paNa zuM A sAcI vAta che? zuM gAMdhI avaijJAnika ane vijJAna virodhI hatA? Adhunika samayamAM gAMdhI sAmenI A moTAmAM moTI TIkA che. A prazna viSe ahIMyA thoDo vicAra karIzuM. zuM gAMdhI haMmezAM ane dareka vakhate yaMtro athavA audyogIkaraNanI virUddha ja hatA? alabatta e to jANItuM che ke sIvavAnA saMcAne gAMdhIe sahuthI upayogI zodhomAMnuM eka gaNAvela. vaLI temano reMTIyo paNa eka yaMtra ja hatuM, jeno teoe AkhI jIMdagI pracAra ane prasAra karyo. AthI ema to nahi kahI zakAya ke teo saMpUrNa yaMtra virodhI hatA. svAbhAvika rIte ja, temanuM kahevAnuM e hatuM ke yaMtro kevaLa sAdhano che ane te ApaNA mAlika banI javA joIe nahi. A vAta kahevAnI temaNe kadI choDI nahotI. vaLI, potAnA AkhAe jIvana daramiyAna paNa anekavidha yaMtro jevAM ke Teliphona, TeligrApha, relve, moTarakAra, mudraNakaLA vagera ane aneka upakaraNono paNa gAMdhI upayoga karatA ja rahyA che to pachI temanI AvI vijJAna virodhI hovAnI chApa kevI rIte janmI ane vRddhi pAmI? kadAca Ano javAba temanA pustaka hinda-svarAja' dvArA maLI Ave, jene sana 2009mAM ekaso varSa pUrA thayA che. temAM temaNe je vAta karI che ane jevI rIte karI satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 9 1 dezanA ke duniyAnA taMdurasta bauddhika ke saMskRtika vikAsa mATe kadAca A paristhiti phAyadAmAM nathI ema thoDuM vicAratA avazya jaNAze kharekhara to Allusa hakasalIe sauthI pahelA evuM kahyuM hatuM ke gAMdhI ane temanI caLavaLo avaijJAnika che. temaNe kahyu, '"tolsatoya ane gAMdhIvAdIo kahe che ke vijJAnano tyAga karIne kudarata bhaNI pAchA vaLo ane Adi mAnavanI jema jIvo A oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka

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vyAkhyAnI dRSTie jaja bIjI bhASAo zIkhavAnuM ane vaijJAnika jJAna che, tene kAraNe teo vijJAna virodhI hoya tevI chApa UbhI thaI ke bhUmitino navo viSaya bhaNavAno Avyo ane te temane bahu hoya tevuM bane. AvaDato nahi. vaLI aMgrejI mAdhyame paNa muzkelIo karI hatI - ghaNIvAra loko e nathI samajatA ke gAMdhI kharekhara to Adhunika paNa jyAre teo bahu prayatna yuklIDanA teramAM prameye pahoMcyA saMskRtinA moTA TIkAkAra hatA. vijJAna ke vaijJAnika vicAra paddhatinA tyAre A Akho e viSaya keTalo saraLa ane majhAno che, te temane nahi. kALajIpUrvaka joIe ane temanAM lakhANo vAMcIe to tarata acAnaka ja spaSTa thaI gayuM! je viSayamAM kevaLa ane sAdo tarka ja spaSTa thaze ke temaNe pazcimanA vaijJAnika abhigama ke jussA nI vAparavAno hoya te muzkela kevI rIte hoya Avo temane prakAza thayo TIkA kyAreka nathI karI, paNa vijJAnanI zodhonA mAnavatAnI ane pachI teo kahe che ke tyArathI bhUmitie haMmeza mATe saraLa virodhamAM upayoganI ja teo viruddha hatA. ane rasano viSaya banI gayo. A ja vAtane thoDI vizeSa samajavA mATe e prazna karIe ke A sAthe ja mAtRbhASA viSe paNa teoe eka ghaNI vaijJAnika kharekhara to vijJAna eTale zuM? vijJAna eTale brahmAMDanI racanA ane spaSTa vAta karI che, potAno vyaktigata anubhava TAMkIne kahe ane tenA mULabhUta niyamone samajavAno prayatna. temAM vizva paNa che cothA dhoraNathI mAdhyama aMgrejI thayuM ane huM jANe acAnaka ja AvI jAya ane ApaNe pote paNa AvI jaIe. vijJAna eTale dariyAmAM phaMgoLAyo! jo ApaNI keLavaNI kaika vyavasthita Dhabe vizvanA pAyAmAM rahelA satyanI zodha. gAMdhIe to vAraMvAra aneka apAtI hoya ane vidyArthIo upara videzI mAdhyama dvArA zIkhavAno jagyAe spaSTa kahyuM ja che ke temanuM jIvana e satyanI zodhanAM bojo na nakhAto hoya to moTI rAhata ane sudhAro thAya. temaNe anekAneka prayogo sivAya anya kaI ja nathI. have A draSTi e samajAvyuM ke eka bhASAnuM sAruM ane vaijJAnika jJAna hoya to pachI jotAM to gAMdhI vijJAna virodhI hatA, ema kahevAno prazna ja bIjI bhASAo zIkhavAmAM moTI muzkelI rahetI nathI ane e kAma Avato nathI. sIdhI ane muLabhuta vyAkhyAnI draSTie ja. pachI pramANamAM saraLa banI jAya che. kAyadAnI vakIlAta bhale temaNe darekanI prayoga vidhi to judI judI hoya, temAM koI virodhAbhAsa choDI hoya paNa mAtRbhASAnI vakIlAta to gAMdhI AkhI jIMdagI nathI. vijJAnamAM paNa aneka vijJAno che ane anekAneka prayoga karatA rahyA hatA! dezanA jANItA vaijJAniko sAthe temane oLakhANa vidhio che, vividhatAno pAra nathI. mULa vAta e che ke hetu zuddha ane saMbaMdha hatA. ane temAM DaoN. jagadIzacaMdra bojhano paNa samAveza hovo joIe. satyanI zodhano ja. emAM to gAMdhInI bAbatamAM thAya che. eka prasaMge gAMdhIe kahyuM hatuM ke, ''AvatI kAle DaoN. bojha koI zaMkA che ja nahI. bolavAnA che. jo teo baMgALImAM bole to mAre temanI sAthe koI gAMdhIe aneka vAra spaSTa ja kahyuM che ke eka vijJAnInI jhagaDo nathI paNa teo aMgrejI vAparaze to amAre jarUra jhagaDo cokasAIthI teo potAnuM dareka karma ane kArya karavA ane tapAsavA thaze.'' gAMdhI jevI vyakti jyAre jhagaDo zabdano prayoga kare tyAre mAMge che. temanA satyanA prayogo mATe temaNe vijJAnI potAnA mAtRbhASAnuM temane mana kevuM ane keTaluM mahattva haze te spaSTa thAya prayoga mATe mAMge teTalI ja sUkSmatA, AgaLano vicAra tathA che. Ayojana mAgyA che ane karyA che. vaLI pariNAmo viSe chevaTano gAMdhI ane vijJAnIka abhigamanI vAta karIe tyAre e koI dAvo nathI ane khullA mana ane vicAra rAkhavAnI AvazyakatA jANavuM upayogI thaze ke temanA samayanA moTA bhAganA dezanA sadeva batAvI che. temaNe aMtara nirIkSaNa ane parIkSaNa para uttama vijJAnIo sAthe temano sAro paricaya ane saMparka hato. DaoN. vAraMvAra atyaMta bhAra mukyo che ane kahyuM che ke huM mArI jAtane bojha temane AvIne 1924mAM muMbaImAM maLyA hatA. e pahelA tathA kAryone satata ane ghaNA UMDANathI tapAsato rahyo chuM ane 1917mAM gAMdhI bojha insTITyUTanA uddhATana prasaMge hAjarI ApavA pratyeka paristhitinuM sukSma vizleSaNa karato rahyo che. vijJAnanI khAsa kolakattA gayA hatA. sI.vI. rAmana tathA temanAM patnI temane paNa A ja paddhati ane kAryazailI hoya che. carcAo mATe 1936mAM maLyA hatA. bojha, rAmana tathA DaoN. kharekhara to. ati sukSma AMtara-nirIkSaNa ane nAnAmAM praphullacaMdrarAya khAdI DevalopamenTa borDanA sabhyo paNa hatA. nAnI vigatomAM javAnI taiyArI ane Teva e gAMdhInI moTAmAM gAMdhI saMzodhana ane vicAranA mahattvane pAkuM samajatA hatA moTI zakti hatI. jo temanA vicAro, kAryo ane lakhANo joIe tevA saMketo paNa ghaNA che, eka dAkhalo laIe to 1935mAM to dekhAI Ave che ke kevI sUkSmatAthI teo dareka paristhitinuM temaNe gAMdhI sevA saMghanI sthApanA karI, ane teno mULa hetu ane vizleSaNa karyA pachI ja koI paNa nirNaya letA. uddezya posTa grejueTa, abhyAsa, vicAraNA ane saMzodhanano ja gAMdhInuM magaja ane vicArazailI ati tarkayukta hatI temAM hato. gAMdhIe samajAvyuM ke bIjI badhI saMsthAo je moTA bhAge zaMkA nathI. ane tarka to vijJAnano pAyo che. temanI AtmakathAmAM vividha karmomAM ja lAgelI che, temanI pAse vicAra ane saMzodhanano teo bhamitinA viSaya viSe eka sarasa vAta kare che. teo kahe che. pUrato samaya nahi rahevAno AthI A kArya mATe eka vizeSa (92) satya ahiMsA- aparigraha) . prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018)

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saMsthAnI AvazyakatA che, je khAdI, carakho, ekAdaza vrato, vigere anekavidha saMkalpanAo viSe UMDo vicAra karI tenI sAcI ane UMDI samajaNa keLave, ane tenA pAyAnA siddhAMto viSe saMzodhana kare. Ama, abhyAsa, vicAra tathA saMzodhana tathA pAyAnI parikalpanAo tathA siddhAMtonA vizleSaNa upara gAMdhIe samaye samaye atyaMta bhAra mukyo ja che. temanuM jIvana alabatta eTalAM badhAM mahAkarmothI bharapura ane vegayukta hatuM, ane tethI sAmAnya jana tathA moTA gAMdhIvAdIo paNa ghaNIvAra A hakIkata samajavAnuM cukI jAya ane cukyA paNa che, te svAbhAvika samajI zakAya tevuM che. gAMdhI pachInA vicArako tathA karmazIlomAM vinobA bhAvee A bAbata para vadhu ne vadhu bhAra mukyo che. 'hinda svarAja' nA 14 varSa nimitte zrI kAMti zAhe tAjetaramAM prakAzita temanA pustakamAM paNa A viSe sAro evo prakAza pADyo che ane gAMdhIno vAstavika abhigama samajAvyo che. anya daSTikoNathI joIe ane vizeSa samajavAno prayatna karIe to evuM puchavAnuM mana thAya ke zuM gAMdhI emanA jamAnAmAM thaI rahelI bhavya vijJAna pragatio thI vAkepha hatA? zuM adbhuta brahmAMDa ane tenA adbhuta rahasyo viSe temane rasa ane dhyAna hatA? kevI avanavI dizAomAM ApaNuM jJAna-vijJAna AgaLa jaI rahyuM che tenI zuM temane khabara hatI? Aje vijJAna je brahmAMDanAM rahasyo kholI rahyuM che te jANIne AnaMda pamAya tevuM che. vizAla stare joIe to brahmAMDa abajo tArAvizvonuM baneluM che ane vaLI A dareka tArAvizva pote cAraso thI pAMcaso abaja tArAo dharAve che. ApaNo sUrya paNa temAMno ja eka nAnakaDo tAro che, je ApaNA AkAzagaMgA tArAvizva nA eka khUNe Avelo che. A badhA tArAvizvo eka bIjAthI dUra jaI rahyAM che ane samagra brahmAMDa gatizIla che. gAMdhInA samagra sAhityanA graMthonI madadathI meM e zodhavA no thoDo prayatna karyo ke brahmAMDa viSe gAMdhI e kaMI vAta karI che ke kema? temanA patro, lekho ke vividha lakhANomAMthI A viSenA aneka saMdarbho maLI AvyA, jema ke A vizAla brahmAMDamAM ApaNI te zI hastI? ApaNe to rajakaNathIe nAnA chIe A mahAkAya vizva maMDapano vicAra to karo... "jo AkAzI padArtho ane graho nakSatro yaMtranI niyamitatAthInA cAle to AkhuM e vizva aTakI paDe'' brahmAMDanA aNu-paramANuMonI jema vizvamAM ApaNuM potAnuM astittva paNa sAva kSaNika ja che. jo brahmAMDanuM ApaNe kALajI pUrvaka avalokana ane parIkSaNa karIzuM to ApaNane samajAze ke,,,, jema zarIra haMmezA maratuM rahe che ane chatAM jIve che temaja vizva mAM paNa satata vinAza cAle che ane chatAM e to jIvaMta rahe che, ''e buddhi zakti je samagra brahmAMDane paramANuMmAM juve che.'' brahmAMDamAM eka evI niyamabaddhatA che. eka evI suvyavasthA che, je oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI badhA mANasonI icchAthI upara che ane jethI ApaNe koI vizvane chetarI zakatA nathI, "surya Ama tema pharavA cAlyo jAya to zuM thAya? A ekadhAryApaNuM ane niyamazIlatA ja vizvane TakAvI rAkhe che,'' ''pANImAM rahelI mAchalIne dariyo ane tenAM UMDANo keTalAM samajAya? mANasa paNa brahmAMDane kadAca eTaluM ja samajI zake.'' vaLI gAMdhI kahe che, ''brahmAMDamAM eka niyamabaddhatA ane eka acala kAyado vyApI rahyAM che, je astitvamAM rahelI sarva vastuo ne ane sarva jIvone niyamana kare che. A koI AMdhaLo kAyado nathI, kAraNa ke koI dRSTihIna niyama jIvaMta astitvanuM saMcAlana karI zake nahi.'' A badhAM udAharaNothI e spaSTa thAya che ke kadAca gAMdhI A brahmAMDanI vizALatA, samagratA ane tenA adbhuta paheluothI kaiMka aMze paricita ane mAhitagAra hatA. jo koIne A viSe vizeSa rasa hoya ane gAMdhInA samagra sAhityane vadhu vigate jue to anya aneka saMdarbho paNa A viSayamAM maLI zake. vaLI aneka vijJAnIo sAtheno temano keTaloka patravyavahAra paNa mArA jovAmAM Avyo. kAkAsAheba kAlelakara, to kudarata ane vizvanA bhAre rasiyA hatA ane temaNe to aneka pravAsavarNano tathA AkAzadarzana viSenA lekho ane vAto ApyAM che. eka vakhate zrI nArAyaNabhAI desAIe vAta karI ke AkAzadarzananA dhaNAMne pustako kAkAsAhebe gAMdhIjIne lAvI ApyAM hatAM ane tene gAMdhI bhAre rasathI vAMcI gayAM hatAM ane tene samajavAno prayatna ane carcA karI hatI. AnAthI spaSTa thAya che ke gAMdhI koI ekAMgI vyaktitva to hatA ja nahi ane samagratAmAM temane rasa hato. vaijJAnika vikAsa ane abhigama mATenI A to pahelI zarata che. Aje to have vizva darzana ane brahmAMDanA abhyAsa mATe avakAzamAM habala spesa TelIskopa mukAyuM che. ApaNane puchavAnuM mana thAya ke zuM gAMdhIne temAM rasa paData? have juo, gAMdhI TelIphonano upayoga to karatA, varSAthI teo phonathI vAta kare che teno jANIto phoTo kadAca ghaNA e joyo haze. vaLI eka vAra temane sUkSmadarzaka yaMtra batAvavAmAM AvyuM tyAre temAM paNa temane bhAre rasa paDyo hato ane tenA dvArA temaNe sUkSma sRSTinuM nirIkSaNa kareluM teno paNa bhAre sarasa phoTo che jemAM teo ati ekAgratAthI sUkSmadarzaka mAM joI rahyA che. Ama ApaNe mAnI zakIe ke jevo temane sUkSma darzanamAM rasa paDyo tevo dUra darzanamAM ane brahmAMDanA dUranA avalokanomAM paNa jarUra paDatI Ama paNa temanAM lakhANo vicAra ane kAryamAM lAMbI STi to dekhAya ja che. Adhunika saMskRti viSenA temanA abhiprAyo, je dAyakAo pahelA apAyelA te emanI dIrgha dRSTi ja batAve che. Ama ApaNe atizayokti sivAya kahI zakIe ke gAMdhI ne vijJAnanA vikAsamAM brahmAMDanI ajAyabIomAM ane tArAsRSTi mAM vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 93

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sAro evo rasa hato. alabatta temanI mULa nisbata to mAnava Aja rIte AInsTAIna sAthe paNa temano patra vyavahAra kalyANa ja hatI paNa teno artha ema nahi ke temanA magajanA thayelo A baMne mahAnubhAvo kadI maLelA nahI paraMtu eka bIjAnA daravAjA baMdha hatA, kharekhara to mAnavakalyANa mATe vijJAnano kAryanI prazaMsA karatAM patronI temaNe Apa le karelI. gAMdhI jyAre upayoga thAya temAM temane pUro rasa hato. reMTIyAmAM ane kAMtaNanA IglaMDamAM hatA tyAre 1931mAM AInsTAIne temane lakheluM, "tamAruM vijJAnamAM vizeSa ane vizeSa sudhArA vadhArA ane sagavaDo karAvavA kArya jagatane e batAve che ke hiMsAno sahAro lIdhA vinA paNa mATe teo satata aneka yaMtravidonI salAha lIdhA ja karatA ane te dhyeya siddhi karI zakAya che.... huM tamane bhaviSyamAM maLavAnI AzA mATenI aneka konpharansa paNa teo karatA rahetA. rAkhuM chuM...'' Ano javAba temane gAMdhIe barlina mokalI Apyo temane khabara hatI ke brahmAMDane jovA samajavA mATe navI dRSTi hato jemAM temaNe kahyuM, 'e mArA mATe saMtoSanI vAta che ke tamane ane navA cakSunI jarUra che. kadAca temane mAnavInuM aMtaHkaraNa ane mAruM kArya upayogI jaNAyuM che." huM tamane maLavAnI rAha jouM chuM, vizva vaccenAM UMDA saMbaMdhano paNa aNasAra hato temaNe kadI evuM ane e paNa bhAratamAM, mArA AzramamAM, 'Ama A baMnene eka nahotuM kahyuM ke brahmAMDa viSe navuM navuM jANavAnI te vaLI zI jarUra bIjA paratve ghaNo Adara hato te dekhAI Ave che. gAMdhInA mRtyu che, zuM pRthvI para ApaNI pAse ochA prazno che? samaye AInsTAIne temane ApelI bhavya aMjalI to ghaNI jANItI A sAthe ja e noMdhavuM joie ke gAMdhI aMdhazraddhAnA to pUrA che.'' virodhI hatA ane tene temaNe kyAreya koI paNa protsAhana ApyuM ravIndranAtha TAgora sAthenA gAMdhInA saMbaMdho paNa sArI rIte hoya tevuM jovA-jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI. jyotiSa viSe to temaNe carcAyA che. teo baMne gAMdhI dakSiNa AphrikAmAM hatA tyArathI spaSTa kaheluM, "jyotiSa viSe huM kazuM jANato nathI ane jo tene saMparkamAM hatA. cArlasa enDajha tathA piyarsana nAmanA be aMgrejI vijJAna kahevAtuM hoya to paNa te bhAre zaMkAvALuM vijJAna che. vaLI mitrone paNa TAgore gAMdhI ne temanA kAryamAM madada karavA AphrikA IzvaramAM zraddhA rAkhanAre to tenAthI so yojana dUra ja rahevuM.'' mokalI ApyA hatA. | saMzodhana ane vizleSaNa ne to gAMdhI vAraMvAra ati mahattva paraMtu A baMne mahAnubhAvo vacce keTalIka vAra moTA vaicArika ApyA ja karatA, pachI te khAdInI vAta hoya ke AyurvedanI ke bhale matabhedo paNa thayA che. temAM eka ghaTanA evI thaI ke jyAre bIjo koI anya viSaya hoya. AyurvedamAM saMzodhananI AvazyakatA bihAramAM moTo bhUMkapa thayo ane moTI hAnio thaI tyAre gAMdhIe viSe temaNe avAranavAra khUba vajana mukyuM che. ghaNA e vaidyo evuM kahyuM ke A to ApaNA achUto ne karelA anyAyanA pApanuM sAtheno temano saMvAda eka tabakke ghaNo lAMbo cAlelo, jemAM temaNe pariNAma che. TAgora A sAMbhaLIne bhAre nArAja thayA ane teno khUba bhAra daIne kaheluM ke "jUnuM ane prAcIna' eTaluM badhuM sArUM bhAre virodha karIne temaNe lakhyuM ke A to moTI avaijJAnika vAta ane uttama Ama kadI nA mAnazo. A temanA vaijJAnika abhigamano gAMdhI karI rahyA che. eka purAvo che. alabatta, potAnA svabhAva ane satyaniSThA pramANe gAMdhIe deza tathA videzanA aneka vijJAnIo tathA tattavajJAnIo tarata A vAtanI javAbadArI svIkArIne kahyuM ke hA, meM jarUra AvuM sAthe gAMdhIno jIvaMta saMbaMdha satata jaLavAyelo. vikhyAta phreMca vijJAna kahyuM che ane huM je mAnuM chuM te meM kahyuM che eTaluM ja nahi, e to viduSI merI kayurInA dIkarI Iva kyurI, je jANItA patrakAra hatA AgaLa vadhyA ane pUchayuM, "zuM tamAruM vijJAna badhA ja javAbo teo 1942mAM gAMdhIne dilhImAM maLavA AvelAM tyAre temaNe jANe che? zuM te badhI ja rIte ane badhA pAsAmAM saMpUrNa che?'' gAMdhIne meDama kyurI viSe eka pustaka bheTa ApeluM. gAMdhI te tarata kadAca koIe temane puchyuM hota ke e to kaho ke tamArI A ja ati rasathI vAMcI gayelA. A viSe suzIlA nayyare temanI vAtanI sAbitI zuM? to temano evo javAba hoI zakata ke A to kArAvAsa kI kahAnI pustakamAM lakhe che ke gAMdhI e viSe zuM bolyA, mAro aMtarano avAja che ane tenI sAbitInI mAre jarUra nathI. "voha to saccI tapasvinI thI, mujhe hotA hai perIsa jAke usakA Ama ati tarkayukta gAMdhI kyAreka tarkano sahAro choDI detA paNa ghara dekha AuM! hamAre kisI vijJAnIne aisA dukha nahi bhogA.... acakAtA nahi. aMtarano avAja e temanA mATe tarkathI paNa hamane to aMgrejo kI meharabAnI se aMgrejo ke dvega se kAma karanA vizeSa moTuM pramANa ane AdhAra hatA. hI sIkhA zodha vibhAga Adi ke sapheda hAthI khaDe kara liye itanA A ghaTanAmAM TAgora ane gAMdhI baMne potapotAnI rIte sAcA paisA kharca hotA hai, itanI baDI prayogazAlAe tAtAne khaDI kI, hatA gAMdhI jevI vyakti AvI vAta kare temAM sAmAnya prajAmAM magara vahAM kAma kitanA hotA hai? .... suzIlA nAyara lakhe che,'' aMdhazraddhAne ja poSaNa maLe AvI TAgoranI ciMtA hatI. je sAcI ""usa kitAba se to basa bApu cipaka gaye hai... mujhe zAma ko hatI bIjI bAjue gAMdhI ati tarkayukta hovA chatAM haMmezA tarkanA bole, tujhe isa kitAbakA hindI meM suMdara anuvAda karanA hogA.' baMdhanamAM baMdhAI rahevAmAM mAnatA nahotA. temaNe to je hRdayathI 9 4 ) (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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potAne lAgyuM te nikhAlasa rIte vyakta karyuM. temAM kevaLa temanA dorI rahyuM che eTale mULa vAta e che ke brahmAMDa to eka ja che ane zabdono artha pakaDavAne badale temanA mULa bhAvane jovAnI paNa tene samagra rIte ja ApaNe jovuM paDe. temAM bhAgalA pADyuM nahi vAta hatI. cAle, jIvana ne samagratAmAM jovuM paDaze ane tyAre vijJAna ke gAMdhInI vicAra paddhatino temanA nIcenA vidhAna para thI tattvajJAna koIne avagaNI zakAze nahi ke ekanA bhoge bIjuM TakI khyAla Ave che. "ahiMsA ane jIvananuM vijJAna padArthonA vijJAna zakaze nahi. karatA anekagaNuM mahAna che, ane temAM bhaviSyamAM aneka gaNI Aje ATalA vikAsa pachI paNa vAstavamAM to aneka mahAprazno mahAna zodho ane siddhio Avaze.'' Ama eka misTika eTale ApaNA brahmAMDa jJAnanA saMdarbhamAM vaNaukelAyelA UbhA che. khagoLamAM ke AdhyAtmika gAMdhInA vyaktitvanI ahIM ApaNane eka jhAMkhI Aje evAM avalokano thaI rahyAM che jeno tALo maLato nathI. ane darzana maLe che. bIbIsI reDIoe temanuM eka rekoDIMga karyuM keTalIka kSaNomAM ja AkhA sUryanI tenA saMpUrNa jIvanamAM kula thAya hatuM temAM temaNe kahyuM che... eka gahana ane rahasyamaya zakti teTalI zakti okatA mahAvisphoTo ApaNe brahmAMDamAM Aje joIe samagra brahmAMDa mAM vyApI rahI che... jo tene ApaNI jAta dvArA chIe. e paNa rojanA lagabhaga ekanA hisAbe vizvamAM eka kAma karavA daIe to te adbhuta pariNAmo lAvI zake che, "gAMdhI athavA bIjI dizAmAM. temane gAmA kiraNa visphoTo kahevAya che. eka UMDA arthamAM dhArmika vyakti hatA temAM koI zaMkA nathI.'' ATalI zaktizALI visphoTa ghaTanAo kevI rIte bane che tenI A tabakke kadAca ApaNane ema pUchavAnI icchA thAya ke ApaNane Aje kalpanA paNa nathI. vaLI eka bAjue A mahAvizva brahmAMDanI phikara karavAnI ApaNe te vaLI zI jarUra che? zuM pRthvI che ane bIjI bAjue aNuparamANunu sUkSma jagata che. A baMne para ahIMyA ja puratA prazno nathI? A badhA vicAra vamaLonI te vacce zo saMbaMdha haze? vIja cuMbakIya baLo, paramANunI aMdara kAma vaLI zI AvazyakatA? paNa thoDuM vicAratAM ja samajAze ke jIvanamAM karatAM baLo, gurutva, A badhAM eka bIjAM sAthe kevI rIte saMkaLAyelAM eka athavA bIjA tabakke ApaNe ApaNA astitva viSe eka haze? temane eka sAthe ane samagra rIte samajI zakAya kharA? athavA bIjA mULabhUta prazno pUchyA sivAya rahI zakatA nathI. ApaNe tArA tathA tArAvizvo to brahmADamAM joI ane avalokana ApaNe koNa chIe, kyAMthI AvyA ane kyAM javAnA ane ApaNI karI zakIe chIe, paNa tenA uparAMta jovAtuM nathI tevA adazya AjubAjunuM A badhuM bahmAMDa te vaLI zuM che? A badhA praznone dravyanuM paNa vizvamAM astittva jaNAya che. te zuM haze? AvA to ApaNe avagaNI zakavAnA nathI ja. eTale ja brahmAMDane ane brahmAMDa viSeno aneka ati rasaprada praznonI hAramALA varNavI ApaNI jAta ne kyAreka ne kayAreka to samajyA vagara cAle tevuM zakAya. ApaNe je jANIe chIe tenA karatA ajJAtano pradeza nathI ja. A ja vijJAnanuM kArya che, ane ema gaNo to tattvajJAna aneka gaNo moTo che. paNa A ja praznonI vAta kare che. gAMdhI e brahmAMDa vize je vidhAno ApyAM che te jotAM ema A uparAMta, AvA abhyAsanA rojabarojanA jIvana mATenA kahevuM atizayokti nahi gaNAya ke temane jJAnanI A vizALa upayogo, vyavahArika phAyadA paNa ghaNA che. ApaNA kapaDAM, khetI ane vyApaka kSitijono kaika aMdAja ane AbhAsa to jarUra hato. vADI, gharo ane AvAso, yaMtra ane taMtravidyA A baMdhu A emanA yuganA vijJAnIno sAthenA emanA saMparko, saMvAdo tathA abhyAsamAMthI ja UbhuM thayuM che. kharekhara to mAnavIya saMskRtino vaijJAnika paddhati vizenA temanAM vidhAno parathI paNa Avo aNasAra itihAsa ja temAMthI pedA thayo che. paramANune samajavAno prayatna maLe che. brahmAMDanI vizALatA ane tenA vizenuM ApaNuM ajJAna ApaNane kvonTama vijJAnamAM dorI gayo, ane temAMthI ja Adhunika A baMnenuM temane eka bhAna hatuM te vAta aneka jagyAethI gAMdhInA vIjaLInA eka ilekTronika upakaraNo tarapha ApaNe dorAyA. lakhANo jotAM jaNAI Ave che teo vizvane eka saMkucita dAyarAmAM AjanA mobAIla phona, TelIvijhana vagere temAMthI ja janmyAM che. jovA nahotA mAMgatA e to spaSTa ja che. gAMdhIne khagoLamAM AjanI komyuTara krAMtinuM janaka paNa pAyAmAM to A kvonTemanuM pustako jovA samajavAmAM ja rasa hato tenAthI khyAla Ave che ke vijJAna ja che. manuSya ane brahmAMDanA saMbaMdha mAM temane UMDo rasa hato. AvI ja rIte, graho ane tArAone samajavAno prayatna ApaNane gurutva baLanAM rahasyo samajavA bhaNI dorI gayo. temAM gAMdhInA jIvananI zarUAtathI ja keTalIka ghaTanAo ane thI ja AjanuM AkhuMe avakAza vijJAna tathA upagrahonI TekanolojI temanA kAryone joIzuM to A vAta vizeSa spaSTa thaze. temanA pedA thaI che. Aje je saraLatAthI ApaNe samagra vizvamAM saMparka yuvAnInA divasomAM ja temano zrImada rAjacaMdra sAthe meLApa thayelo karI zakIe chIe te tenA kAraNe ja che. Aje neno vijJAna paNa tyAre gAMdhIe temane je aneka prazno karyA che temAM brahmAMDa ane tabIbIzAstromAM tathA jIvavijJAnamAM navI krAMti tarapha ApaNane potAnI jAtane samajavAnI temanI tIvra jijJAsA tarata ja dekhAI oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (95 )

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Ave che. A praznonI hAramALAmAM jIva ane jagata viSenA jo e vicAra karIe ane tenA AdhAre ApaNo bhAvi aneka prazno che, je jovA jevA ane vicAravA jevA che. A pachI kAryakrama ghaDIe to ja gAMdhIvicAra ane vijJAnanI ekAtmatA tarapha vinobA bhAve sAthe paNa gAMdhInA anekavidha saMvAdo cAlyA ja AgaLa vadhI zakAya, je AjanA yuganI ane samayanI mAga che. karatA je laData tathA racanAtmaka kAryo vagerethI alaga viSayo para ane te ja vizvanI samagra mAnavatAne tenA kalyANa bhaNI dorI hatA, jene huM sRSTi-racanA ane jAtane samajavAno saMvAda ane zakaze tevuM mane to lAge che. prayatna ja gaNuM chuM. A sivAya temanA samayanA aneka tattvajJAnIo emanA potAnA sayamamAM vijJAnanA aviSkArono gAMdhIe ane vijJAnIo sAthe gAMdhIno jIvaMta saMparka jIvanabhara cAlu ja je saMkoca sivAya potAnA kArya ane dhyeya mATe upayoga karyo hato rahyo hato. AnaMdamayI mAtA, ramaNa maharSi tathA svAmI yogAnaMda tevuM teo Aje paNa karata tema mane lAge che. potAnA samayamAM jevAM adhyAtmika vyaktitvo sAthe paNa gAMdhIne mulAkAta athavA temaNe AjhAdInA upalakSamAM bhAratavyApI kArya karyuM ane AMdolano saMparko thayelA Ama tarata ja spaSTa thAya che ke gAMdhI koI saMkucita calAvyAM ane te mATe temaNe vijJAne je sagavaDo ApI teno pUro rastAnA mANasa nahotA, jyAMthI maLe tyAMthI satyane samajavAnI upayoga karyo. Aje have AjhAdInuM kArya purUM thatAM gAMdhI kadAca temanI tIvra jIjJAsA hatI ane prayatno hatA. vizvavyApI kArya karata. temAM teo AjanI kapyuTara tathA mobAIla ApaNe AgaLa vAta karI gayA tema jagadIzacaMdra bojha ane TekanolojIno paNa eTalI ja sahajatA ane saraLatA thI upayoga emanA samayanA anya bhAratIya vijJAnIonA kAryamAM gAMdhI e karata. AjanA prANaprazno viSe vizvavyApa jAgRti ane AMdolana UMDo rasa lIdhelo. bojhanI saMsthAnA to udghATanamAM paNa teo jagADavA gAMdhI jevI kalpanAzIla vyaktinA hAthamAM A sAdhano khAsa kolakAtA gayelA. ATaluM ja nahi, gujarAta vidyApIThanA kevAM adbhuta ojAro thaI paData tenI kalpanA karavI paNa muzkela khAtamuhUrta mATe temaNe DaoN. praphullacaMdra rAyane khAsa amadAvAda che. Ajano paryAvaraNano prazna temaNe kadAca potAnA nitya navIna AmaMtrita karelA. abhigamathI judI rIte ja upADyo hota. arthakAraNa Take tevI A badhI hakIkato parathI eka vAta to sAva spaSTa thAya che ke mAnavIya pAyA paranI pragati ane zaktinA stroto para temaNe gAMdhI vijJAnanA virodhI hovAno to koI prazna ja raheto nathI. khAsa dhyAna potAnI lAkSaNika adAe ApyuM hota. gAMdhIe dezanA bauddhika vartuLomAM Aje paNa A prakAranI je chApa che te potAnA jIvana kALamAM paryAvaraNa evo zabda khAsa vAparyo nahoto koIka ajJAna athavA aNasamajanuM ja pariNAma che ane tene paNa vAstavamAM to paryAvaraNanI kALajI temanA pratyeka kArya vicAra satvare dUra karI nAkhavAmAM ja ApaNane phAyado che. vijJAnanI ane vANImAM TapakatI hatI. kudarata sAthenI temanI ekAtmatA satyane pAmavAnI ane zodhavAnI paddhatinA to teo cAhaka hatA namUnArUpa hatI ane zarIranI kALajI tathA tenA rogo maTADavA ane potAnAM badhAM kAryomAM temaNe teno upayoga karyo che. temanuM mATe paNa teo haMmezA kudaratano sahAro levAnuM ja pasaMda karatA. potAnuM vyaktitva ati tarkayukta hatuM, vicArane teo karmanI sAthe kudaratI upacAra viSe temaNe ghaNuM kArya karyuM hatuM e to jANItuM che. eTaluM ja mahattva ApatA ane vaijJAnika vicAra paddhati tathA paryAvaraNa saMdarbhe Aje to gAMdhIe pradUSaNa phelAvatAM Adhunika saMzodhanane temaNe haMmezA ghaNuM AdarapUrvakanuM mahattva ane sthAna saMskRtinAM anekavidha sAdhanonI ati ghora TIkA karI hoya ane ApyuM che, te aneka dAkhalAo para thI spaSTa thAya che. A pachI temanA sAme jaMga cheDI dIdho hota. kudaratanA rakSaNanuM saMpUrNa rIte Adhunika saMskRtimAM vijJAnano upayoga ane vinimaya tenA vize AMtararASTrIya mahA-abhiyAna zarU karIne te mATe temaNe AjanA temaNe spaSTa virodha karyo, paNa e to judI ja vAta che ane tenA badhAe saMcAra sAdhanono lokasaMparka mATe upayoga karyo hota. loka pAyAmAM e mahattvano muddo che ke mANasa yaMtrano gulAma na banI saMparkanAM sAdhano je vijJAne Aje ApyAM che tene, tathA neno jAya. AnuM dhyAna jo ApaNe nahi rAkhIe to anekavidha karuNa vijJAnane temaNe kadAca. ahiMsaka vijJAna tarIke biradAvyuM hota. paristhitionA bhoga ApaNe banavuM ja rahyuM, je AjanA Adhunika rokeTa tathA paramANu bombanA vijJAnanI sarakhAmaNIe AvA jagatamAM have vizeSa ane vizeSa spaSTa thatuM jAya che. vijJAnano teo potAnA kArya mATe pUrepUro upayoga paNa karI jo A badhAmAMthI bhaviSyane mATe ApaNe kaika zIkhavuM meLavavuM leta. ane karavuM hoya to e vicAravuM joIe ke Aje jo gAMdhI ApaNI ekavAra AjhAdInI laDatamAMthI samaya maLyo hota to tarata ja vacce hota to temanAM kAryo ane agratAkramo zuM hota. AjanuM zikSaNazAstrIo tathA vijJAnIo sAthenA temanA saMparko ati vijJAna je ekAMgI dizAomAM jaI rahyuM che, mAnava ane mAnavatAnI vizeSa sadhana thayA hota, temAM mane koI zaMkA nathI. pAyAnA paravA karyA sivAya, tenA viSe gAMdhIe zuM kahyuM ane karyuM hota te zikSaNane temane je mahattva ApyuM che tenuM AjhAdI pachInI koI ApaNA vicAra ane ciMtanano viSaya hovo joIe. sarakAroe ApyuM nathI ane AthI ja keLavaNInA kSetre Aje (96) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018)

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ApaNI ghora avadazA che. gAMdhInuM vijJAnI vyaktitva na samajavuM te mAnavatA ane badhA gAMdhIne ApaNe bhale saMta mahAtmA tarIke khapAvI dIdhA, bhale dezonuM nukasAna che. Aje jenI kharekhara jarUra che e gAMdhIyana ApaNe temanuM anusaraNa karyA sivAya ja temanI pUjA karyA karI, sAyansa ane gAMdhIyana kosmolojInI. eTale ke vijJAnamAM gAMdhInI paNa vijJAnI gAMdhIne ApaNe Aja sudhI kadI oLakhyo pIchANyo dRSTino samanvaya karIe ane gAMdhInI vAta hoya, gAMdhI sAhitya nathI te ApaNI moTI kamanasIbI che. ApaNA vicArako, vidvAno athavA vicAra hoya tene vaijJAnika dRSTie jotAM tapAsatAM zIkhIe. ane khAsa to buddhijIvI varge A viSe khAsa dhyAna ApIne brahmAMDane gAMdhInI dRSTie jotA thavuM ane gAMdhIne vijJAnanI najare zIkhavA samajavAnI A vAta che. je Aja sudhI ApaNe karyuM nathI. jovA e AjanA samayanI mAMga che. A mATe UMDo vicAra, to ja deza tathA duniyAnA bhaviSyanA moTAM moTAM AyojanAmAM saMvAda, ane vicAra vinimaya saMpUrNa rIte AMtararASTrIya stare gAMdhInI vAtanI asara thavI zarU thaze, je Aje ghaNA ane moTA karavAno samaya pAkI gayo che. to ja gAMdhInuM vyaktitva deza tathA bhAganA agatyanA muddAomAM to nahIMvata ja hoya che. Aje to duniyAnAM karmomAM ane bhaviSyamAM pratibiMbita thavAnI zarUAta ApaNe gAMdhInI mahAtmA tarIke pUjA karIne tene eka bAjue mUkI thaze! daIe chIe. jyAre koIpaNa mahattvanI vAta hoya tyAre temAM provosta, carotara yunivarsiTI opha gAMdhInuM tatvajJAna na cAle. AvI ja ApaNI mAnasikatA hoya che. sAyansa enDa TeknolojI, cArUseTa, cAMgA Sardar Patel and Maharaja of Kapurthala at the reception in Motibagh, Patiala, 1948 oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (9 7

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Discovering New Horizons: Women and the Non-violent Struggle for Independence in India Usha Thakkar The participation of the Indian women in the nonviolent struggle under Gandhi's leadership against the unjust British rule is a glorious chapter not only in the history of India but also in the history of the twentieth century. Women's entry into national politics through non-violent methods brought miraculous results. On the one hand women became aware of their own inner strength, and on the other the human and moral elements gained legitimacy in politics. While charting a new course in the history of the twentieth century Indian women's non-violent struggle has carved some messages for the twenty first century also. It has demonstrated that to be weak is not a crime and to be powerless is not a folly. What is required in the struggle against injustice is the inner strength rooted in non-violence. The pre-condition of the effective struggle against inequality is freedom from fear. Women can be a force to reckon with when committed to a cause with con viction. They do not have to follow the accepted male dominated political norms to be effective. They can evolve their own perception of power and politics and they can find their own methods. 98 interests which occupied Gandhi's attention in India, very few can be compared with his earnest support to the women's movement. Thousands of women, some famous and many unnoticed heroines of India learnt the meaning of liberation from him and contributed with all their energy to the struggle for independence. Gandhi had a special reason for encouraging women to be self reliant; he believed that "When woman, whom we call abala becomes sabala, all those who are helpless will become powerful". An attempt is made in the present paper to understand the contribution made by the women to the non-violent struggle for independence and the implications and messages of this struggle. I Indian history is resplendent with examples of women (mostly queens) who joined and led armed struggle against the enemy. Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi is one of the brightest stars among them. Coming to the twentieth century, we find that women had their specific response in 1905 at the time of the parti tion of Bengal. Women expressed their feelings by Gandhi was confident that "If non-violence is the law of our being, the future is with women."His ex- taking part in Rabindranath Tagore's plan of rakhi perience of participation of women in the non-violent struggle till the end of his life bears testimony to the fact that women never failed his expectations. Women's participation in the non-violent struggle gave a new dimension to Indian politics and changed their own perspective of life. Women discovered new horizons as they become aware of their potentials. There is a lot of truth in the observation by C.F. Andrews that among all the different satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha bandhan on the partition day, 16th October 1905, and by answering Romendrasundar Trivedi's call of not lighting the hearth for cooking on that day. The fact that fiery spirit was awakened is proved by an incident when 500 women went to congratulate the mother of an editor of an extremist newspaper, who was sentenced for sedition. Though emancipation of women was not mentioned as a specific object of the Indian National paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka oNkTobara- 2018

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Congress at the time of its establishment on 28th ods. Initially Gandhi did not ask women to join the December 1885, its membership was open for Satyagraha, but later on agreed to do so under women. Educated women started taking part in the Kasturba's pressure. Indian women felt insulted by activities of the Congress, but the pace of this the judgement delivered by Justice Searle of the participation was rather slow. When the Congress Cape town Supreme Court declaring only those adopted the programme of boycott, Swadeshi and marriages legal, which were celebrated according national education between 1905 and 1915, women to Christian rights and registered by the Registrar contributed a lot in popularising this programme. of Marriages. Gandhi sent a group of sixteen, inHome Rule movement also attracted women. Ac- cluding Kasturba, from Phoenix settlement in Natal cording to Annie Besant, the strength of the Home to the Transvaal. After a few days a batch of eleven Rule movement was rendered ten-fold greater by women from Tolstoy Farm in the Transvaal crossed the adhesion to it of large number of women, who into Natal without permits and were arrested. There brought to its helping the uncalculating heroism, the were 127 women among the coal miners who endurance, and self-sacrifice of the feminine nature. marched to Charlestown. The women, who had It was under Gandhi's leadership that women hardly stepped out of their homes, had to suffer harddiscovered their potential strength and contributed ships of jail. Valliamma Moonsamy Moodaliar, a their best with verve and vigour. It was Gandhi who young girl of 16 years succumbed to the fatal fever turned traditional symbols and ideas into sources contacted in jail. of energy and inspiration for thousands of Indian Gandhi's entry in Indian politics changed its very women. As walls of conventions and traditions context. Life for women also started changing. Love crumbled against the force of nationalism, Indian for the motherland made a silent entry in the private women came out of the sheltered existence to play world of women, and brought a silent revolution. an important role in the non-violent struggle. Women started doing spontaneously some acGandhi's presence had an electrifying effect on tivities which would not come under suspicion like Indian women - rich and poor, urban and rural sheltering persons who were offenders in the eyes educated and uneducated. He brought a silent revo- of British law, inculcating nationalist ideas in the chillution in the perception of lite for women. In his dren in the family, supporting and encouraging powords, "My contribution to the great problem (of litical activities of men in the family. Women from all women's role in society) lies in my presenting for parts of the country came out of their homes to acceptance of truth and ahimsa in every walk of life, organise meetings and processions, to sell Khadi, whether for individuals or nations. I have hugged to spread the message of Swadeshi and to picket the hope that in this, woman will be the unquestioned near by liquor shops and shops of foreign cloth. leader and, having thus found her place in human in the battle fought by Gandhi at Champaran in evolution, will shed her inferiority complex." 1917, women helped by organising literacy classes It was in South Africa that Gandhi become and contacting people in their homes. Soon after aware of the power of women as participants in his Champaran Satyagraha, Gandhi was in non-violent struggle. When Gandhi launched his first Ahmedabad to espouse the cause of the workers Satyagraha in South Africa against the British policy of the textile mills. Anasuyaben Sarabhai, sister of of racial discrimination, the oppressed sections had the famous mill-owner Ambalal Sarabhai, became discovered a powerful weapon in nonviolent meth- his loyal follower. In the Congress session after the oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka Hal-Hall-rula Coc

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Jallianwala Baug massacre, a nation-wide Majumdar were working with dauntless courage. programme of boycotting the British titles, courts Latika Ghosh, an oxford educated teacher and academic institutions as well as the picketing organised the Mahila Rashtriya Sangha in 1928 to of liquor-shops was launched. Gandhi asked mobilise women for political work. Its women women to respond with their might and women did members wanted Swaraj and an improved status not disappoint him. Women contributed generously for women. Latika Ghosh mobilised women by to Tilak Swaraj Fund by giving money and jewellery. evoking the stories of the battles between Devis Gandhiji's language had a direct appeal for women. (goddesses) and Asuras (demons), the Shakti He compared the British rule with Ravan-rajya, and image and the deeds of the Rajput women. In 1928, said that as Sita did not co-operate with Ravana, Subhash Bose decided that uniformed women so the Indian people must not co-operate with this volunteers would march with men in the procession Rakshasi - Sarkar (devil's rule). to inaugurate the annual Congress meeting in The programme of boycott of courts and schools Calcutta. He made Latika Ghosh a Colonel and was accepted by the Congress on August 10, 1920. gave her responsibility for this which she performed In September 1920 the non-cooperation resolution very well. In response to the call of the Congress, was put in the Congress session at Calcutta and Nari Satyagraha Samiti was formed in 1929 in was ratified at Nagpur in December same year. Calcutta with Urmila Devi as its president. April 6-13, 1921 was declared Satyagraha week, ek Jyotimayee Ganguli as vice-president, Santi Das women started participating in meeting organised and Bimal Protiba Devi as joint-secretaries. during this week. They started Rashtriya Stree Women from middle class families attracted public Sangh in Bengal. Volunteers responded to C. R. attention when they joined the processions or Das's call to sell Khadi on streets of Calcutta. His picketed the foreign-goods shops. Some women's wife Basanti Devi and his sister Urmila Devi were organisa-tions in Calcutta like Nari Satyagraha among the arrested on 7 December 1921, but Committee and Rashtriya Mahila Sangh, had played released soon. Soon crowds gathered to exert an important role in breaking the salt law. pressure on the police to release women. The next Gujarat was not to be left behind. Women day, December 8, 1921, the city was in commotion, participated in Borsad Satyagraha of 1923-24 in When women from Das family resumed picketing large numbers large numbers. Thousands of women came to cloth shops and selling Khadi, many women Gandhi's meeting, and remained firm even when volunteers and students joined them. Gandhi urged their cattle and property were confiscated by the women from other parts to follow the example of police. The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 also women from Bengal. Basanti Devi presided over witnessed increasing participation of women. the Bengal Provincial Conference at Chittagong and Women supported men in their decision of not Kasturba chaired the Gujarat Provincial Conference paying taxes, even when their cows, buffaloes and in 1922. Rameshwari Nehru started a Kumari land were confiscated. Sardar Patel noted that Sabha in Allahabad to encourage girls for public women were better than men in firmness and speaking and discussions. forthrightness. Maniben Patel, Mithuben Petit and Women had impressive demonstrations in Bhaktiba Desai were in the forefront of this Bengal. They sold khadi, picketed cloth and liquor Satyagraha. Participation of thousands of rural shops and made salt. Women like Hemprabha wom women in the Satyagraha had made it a special (100) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018)

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struggle. At the All-Indian Ladies Conference in contributed well to the national cause with Sarojini Ahmedabad, 6000 listened to Bi Amman, the Naidu as the President and Goshiben Naoroji mother of Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali, leaders Captian and Avantikabai Gokhale as viceof the All-India Khilafat Committee. Bi Amman presidents. By 1930, Desh Sevika Sangh emerged asked women to enlist as Congress volunteers and, with its women members ready for action. if men were arrested, to join the picket lines and In response to Gandhi's call, women in Bombay keep the flag flying. formed an organisation to plan and direct efforts to Gandhi's Dandi march on March 12, 1930 close shops selling foreign cloth. The sixth of April, opened a new chapter in India's history, but his the anniversary of the Amritsar massacre was decision not to include women in it disappointed chosen for breaking the salt law. Seven persons, women. The Women's Indian Association protested including two women, Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya against their exclusion on the ground that in a non- and Avantikabai Gokhale, were the first to go to the violent struggle, any discrimination on the ground beach and boil sea water. Kamaladevi described of sex was unnatural and liable to work against the women's participation in poetic words: "Women awakened consciousness of women. There were turned every house into a sanctuary for the law many individual protests also. Women like breaker. They lent sanctity to their act by their purity Khurshedben, Dadabhai Naoroji's grand daughter of spirit. Even the mightiest military power cannot asked Gandhi the reason for preventing women cope with a struggle that has its being in the sacred from joining him. precincts of the home." The Bombay Chronicle Ultimately, Gandhi had to permit women to fully reported that thousands of Gujarati women marched participate in the Satyagraha. He named Sarojini at the Chowpatty sea face, collected sea water in Naidu as his second successor after Abbas Tyabji their brass and copper jugs. Women volunteers and she carried out her mission with rare distinction. picketed toddy shops in the heart of the city and On Gandhi's way there were meetings with asked owners to close down and patrons to leave thousands of women in them. At the village Abhrama the premises. Some women sold salt on the streets, on 10th April 1930 in an audience of 5000, no less and some went house to house urging housewives than 2000 were women; at Matwad, on 11th April a to buy only Swadeshi products. This campaign was quarter of the audience was women; at Dandi on directed by Desh Sevika Sangh formed by Hansa 13th April more than 500 women received him. Mehta and others. Goshiben Captain (1884 - 1970), Gandhi talked to women in such meetings about one of the founding members, insisted on their duties to the nation, i.e., picketing liquor and impeccable credentials of the members. toddy shops, boycotting the taxed salt and spinning Women addressed public meetings, sold Khadi. proscribed literature, helped organising Vanar and Women's participation in the civil disobedience Manjjar Senas (monkey and cat armies of children) movement was more intense and meaningful than and faced police atrocities. Some of them worked in the early 1920s. as "dictators" of the war councils. Through the Bombay women's picketing and demon- summer of 1930 "day by day, the streets of Bombay strations during 1930-32 attracted the attention of would be livened in the early morning with the songs the country and press. Rashtriya Stree Sangh of freedom sung by troops of patriots rousing the oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka 'satya ahiMsA- aparigraha) (101)

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people to action.... Women could be found all over sheltered life to participate in the non-violent the city, sitting outside the liquor shops and foreign struggle and to bear the brunt of the police lathis. cloth shops, plying their little 'spinning wheels' called Kamala Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru's wife, displayed taklis, silently warning every Indian that he must not heroic courage and activity in spite of her frail health. buy from that shop.... Many of the women had never Parvati Devi- Lala Lajpatrai's daughter, Lado taken any part in public life before". Sarojini Naidu Rani Zutshithe wife of Motilal Nehru's nephew, and was nominated as the leader of the raid on the her three daughters-Manmohini, Shyama and Dharasana salt works. She directed the protest that Janaki - led the movement in Lahore. Manmohini began on 15th May 1930, was arrested the same was active with the nationalist activities of the day and released. On May 21st she led the second students. As a protest against the death sentence batch of raiders, was arrested and sentenced for a to Bhagat Singh and his comrades, she organised year in prison. Her example inspired many women. successful picketing at three colleges in Lahore. The contribution of women from Maharashtra In Delhi, Satyavati Devi, the grand daughter of has remained notable. Pandita Ramabai and Swami Shraddhananda, was one of the prominent Kashibai Kanetkar were amongst the first women leaders. She asked women to join the struggle to to attend the Congress session. Ramabai Ranade liberate the motherland. She became very sick in had played an important part in the suffragette the prison, but continued the work throughout the movement. Yesu Savarkar was active in 1930s. Women's demonstrations in Delhi were Atmanishtha Yuvati Sangh in Nasik. Laxmibai Thuse powerful and inspired many men to join the freedom was involved with Home Rule movement in Pune. struggle. Avantikabai Gokhale, Gandhi's disciple, was called Bengal was vibrant with activities initiated by 'Sarojini of Maharashtra' by Tilak. Padmavati women. In Calcutta women's organisations like Nari Harrolikar (Satyabhama Kuvalekar) took interest in Satyagraha Committee and Rashtriya Mahila organising women and spreading Khadi. Janakibai Sangh broke the salt law. Apte, Premabai Kantak, Malinibai Sukhtankar, Madras also displayed political involvement of Godavari Parulekar, Anutai Bhagwat, Leelatai and women, though not so intense as in Bengal or Annapurna Deshmukh worked tirelessly for the Bombay. S. Ambujammal was a follower of nation. Women like Kasturba, Sarladevi Sarabhai, Gandhi's ideology. In 1928, she decided to form Mridula Sarabhai, Indumati Sheth, Mithuben Petit, the Women's Swadeshi League. They took the Nanduben Kanuga and Maniben Patel emerged as Swadeshi vow, and spread the message of Khadi. leaders from Gujarat. And there were many women Ambuiammal was the president of the organisation like Gangaben Vaidya who translated Gandhian with Smt. Jamammal as treasurer. Krishnabai Rao ideals in life. organised the Desh Sevikas under the aegis of the The response of women from places like Swadeshi League. They picketed at shops selling Allahabad, Lucknow, Delhi and Lahore was foreign cloth and propagated values of Swadeshi. unprecedented. Leadership came from the elite Rukmani Lakshmipathy was with C. Rajagopalafamilies, but the followers were from all sections. chari in his march to Vedaranyam to break salt laws Women from the Nehru family were in the forefront. in 1931. She was arrested and became the first Swarup Rani Nehru, Motilal Nehru's wife and woman political prisoner in Vellore women's jail. Jawaharlal Nehru's mother, came out from the Durgabai showed her potential as leader when she (102) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018)

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suggested Salt Satyagraha for garnering support Women were active in the princely states also. of the people for civil disobedience movement. After 700 women were lathi-charged in the Viramgam writing to Gandhi, she persuaded T. Prakasam to Satyagraha in May 1930. They took part in the Rajkot lead the volunteers, who designated Durgabai the Satyagraha of 1938-39 also. 'dictator' of the movement. The latter did her duty The Congress Working Committee in 1930 very well, but was arrested and put in prison. adopted a resolution regarding its "grateful tribute Women in Bihar had leaders like Mira Devi, to the women of India for the noble part they are Mrs. Hasan Imam, Mrs. C.C. Das, Gauri Das and progressively playing in the present struggle for Vindhya Vasini Devi who worked sincerely and national freedom, and the readiness they have successfully for mobilising women to participate in increasingly shown to brave assaults, abuses, lathi the nationalist struggle. Women leaders like charges and imprisonment while carrying on the Kamladevi Chattopadhyaya, Umabai Kundapur. Congress work. Krishnabai Panjikar, Ballari Siddama and When Gandhi inaugurated his programme of Gowramma remained active in Karnataka. Individual Satyagraha in October 1940, Sucheta The civil disobedience movement in Orissa Kripalani was one of the earliest to join. Quit India became powerful with contribution of women like movement of August 1942 brought new vigour to Rama Devi, Kishorimani Devi, Malati Choudhary, the freedom struggle. All the important leaders were Subhadra Devi, A. Laxmi Bai and Annapurna Devi. arrested on 9th August at the public meeting at Gowalia tank in Mumbai. Aruna Asaf Ali unfurled the While many women contributed to the constructive flag, went underground and earned admiration of programme, some under the leadership of Malati the people. She remained underground for four Choudhary started Socialist movement. Kuntala years and published bulletins and with Dr. Lohia Kumari Sabat, a nationalist writer, appealed to edited the Inquilab. Usha Mehta, with her three women to come out of the kitchen and join hands colleagues, made history by operating the with the Satyagrahis. underground radio. They called themselves "the It seemed that women were charged with Congress Radio operating from somewhere in energy. Over 80,000 persons were arrested during India". They gave regular news about the Congress the Salt Satyagraha of whom more than 17,000 and the freedom struggle with the messages of were women. leaders at 7.30 p.m. from August to 13 November Taking note of the fact that not only elite women 1942, till she was arrested with her colleagues. She but women from all sections of society, peasants was sentenced to four years rigorous imprisonment and professional women, students and artists, at Yervada jail. These young fighters looked upon housewives and working women had spontan- Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia and Achyut Patwardhan eously participated in the movement, Jawaharlal for guidance. Women like Sophia Khan, Prema Nehru wrote: "Here were these women, women of Kantak, Maniben, Nanavati and Rehana Tyabji were the upper or middle classes leading sheltered lives busy in spreading the nationalist ideals. in their homes, peasant women, working-class Women all over the country felt compelled to women, rich women, poor women pouring out in respond to the struggle. Kanaklata Barua in Assam their tens of thousands in defiance of government led the procession of the people and fell victim to order and police lathi," firing. Matangini Hazra of seventy-three years of age oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka H -se al-Mule 403

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in Midnapore in Bengal carrying the national flag in collection of data from old records and oral history. a procession succumbed to the soldier's bullets. In Karnataka, young students Hemlata and Gulwadi The glimpses of women's participation in the attacked the building of the court and exhorted the freedom struggle bring on surface some important judge to resign. In Punjab a young school girl, while undercurrents and the lessons for the twenty-first answering the questions of the police, captured the century. Though the history of women's non-violent mood of those times. To the question 'what is your protests goes back to Rome in 195 B.C. when name?', her answer was 'Baghi (rebel) No. 1,2,3'. women had protested collectively in a non-violent To the question 'what is your father's name?', her way against the law prohibiting Roman women from answer was 'Gandhi', and to the question 'what wearing purple and gold-traditional insignia of is your mother's name?', the answer was power and authority - in public and from riding in 'Bharatmata.' horse-drawn carriages in towns and cities, it is in The police tried to repress the popular uprising this century that the frequency and diversity of with brutality and force. A special train with Indian collective action and non-violent protest by women and European soldiers was going to Wardha. Some have increased. Women in different countries are soldiers looted the property and raped the women raising their voices against injustice and are making at Chimur. There was much public protest. Bhansali, concerted efforts to remove discrimination. a respected leader and associate of Gandhi, went Women's actions have very often roots in their on an indefinite fast against the outrageous spontaneous, non-violent and firm response to a behaviour with women. The Congress radio was particular issue. Women organise themselves in the first to announce the news about the rape of peaceful demonstrations and processions against women at Ashti and Chimur. the unjust powerstructure and channelise their The upheaval caused by the 1942 movement energy towards some meaningful goal. Most of the continued till the attainment of independence. Indian women, who participated in the freedom Women, young and old, were involved in this great struggle, also got involved in this non-violent struggle struggle. They went to the jail sometimes with their spontaneously and wholeheartedly. This babies and contributed to the programmes of unprecedented phenomenon while making the constructive work. There were, however, some history in the twentieth century contains some women who joined the revolutionary activities for messages for the twenty first century also. the independence of the nation. The Indian women by their non-violent struggle Biographies, autobiographies and personal demonstrated that inner strength is more powerful interviews of some women fighters give us the than the brute force, and the so-called weak can be glimpses of their saga of sacrifice and their strength strong. This powerful lesson is important for us as to stand on their own feet in adverse situations. It is we prepare ourselves to enter the next century with not easy to know about all the women who apprehension and hope. The Indian women also participated in the freedom struggle. Names and showed the strength of peaceful collective action. contributions of some women have been retained, There were thousands of women, unacknowledged but many remain virtually unknown, their sacrifices and virtually unknown, who have given everything unacknowledged and their contributions unnoticed. they had for the nation. It is not easy to get the record The task calls for intensive concerted research and of their names and work. Some studies (104) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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concentrating on specific regions throw light on the became blurred, and the Indian woman could role played by women of those regions. There are establish relation between her life and the nation. also some men and women living today, who talk She learnt that meaning of politics in the language about the glorious days of the freedom struggle. They she understood. Life for her after participation in indicate that women from almost all sections of the the freedom struggle was never the same again. society participated in the struggle. Women from Her perception towards the self, the family and the cities and villages, from professions and homes, society had undergone a change. As Bharati Ray from high castes and low castes had plunged into argues, involvement in the freedom struggle had the freedom struggle and worked as never before. taught women the basics of agitational politics, and As for example, Patidar peasant women were the breaking of the carapace of traditional domestic active in Ras, Borsad and Bardoli. life had widened their horizon. They had begun, as The life-stories of such women and interaction their writing indicates, slowly to comprehend the with some women freedom fighters like Lakshmi reasons for their oppression and to perceive the Menon, Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya, Ratan need to organise their own associations as a Shastri and Usha Mehta bring out their perception source of strength. of freedom, which is of crucial importance to the The principles and techniques of Satyagraha oppressed sections of society. Liberty has to be provided much needed space and solace to conceptualised in its totality. The obstacles facing women. They could, through these, present a critique women in the way of liberty are many. The most of the colonial state, which was unethical. Truth difficult stem from the institutions of the family and cannot be achieved in a soulless regime, so one the society coupled with women's own socialisation had to strive for Swaraj, and it was not of any shame and dependent self-image. Women's participation or embarrassment to be feminine and weak. As in the freedom struggle changed many perceptions. argued by Amrit Srinivasan, the domestic or civil In a way the Indian women feminised nationalism domain was not deemed the submerged, weak and and the nationalist struggle helped them to liberate ineffectual 'female' domain within the 'male' world from ageold social taboos and traditional norms. A of state politics. At the highest level of aberration, scholar has noted an example where a married the Gandhian science of Swaraj was preoccupied woman freedom fighter broke her glass bangles, with the 'feminine' in a way in which all ethical when told that they were made of Czechoslovakian programmes which involve themselves with the glass. She did not even for a moment think that it is world and its transformation are. The Gandhian a bad omen for a married woman to break her critique of the authoritarian colonial state which bangles. Such examples are not few and far emerged during the freedom struggle contained between. They suggest that though these women women's perspective of politics. Women did not challenge the traditional roles, they did demonstrated by non-violent struggle against the discover new freedom and mobility. Their unjust rule that they had their own vision of future involvement in politics emphasised the spirit of and their own concept of peace. And as pointed cooperation and not competition with men. Barriers out by Karen J. Warren and Duane L. Cady. of caste and class often crumbled while singing, or "Feminism and peace share an important walking in prabhatferis or cooking together. The conceptual connection. Both are critical of and sharp dividing line between private and public committed to the elimination of, coercive power oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha) (105

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over privilege systems of domination as a basis of interaction between individuals and groups. A feminist critique and development of any peace politics, therefore, ultimately is a critique of systems of unjustified domination". organisations like Women's Indian Association, All India Women's Conference and National Council of Women in India. There may have been conflict with the nationalists over priorities and tactics but not over ultimate goals. Feminism and nationalism were closely interlinked. As the national movement gained momentum, the goal of independence became the only concern for both men and women. The women's movement in India had none of the man-woman antagonism characteristic of women's movement in the West. Women's participation in the non-violent struggle also brings out the interplay between nationalism and feminism. Under Gandhi's leadership the Indian women started discovering their identities, they started becoming aware of the fact that they were not objects of men's lust but selfreliant individuals. They learnt to respect themselves and to value their contribution to social and political cause as women. The non-violent struggle legitimised women's role in the movement as women. To be a woman was no longer considered to be inferior to a man. Gandhi maintained, "To call woman the weaker sex is a libel; it is man's injustice to women. If by strength is meant brute strength, then indeed is woman less brute than man. If by strength is meant moral power, then woman is immeasurably man's superior." Gandhi saw that the low status of women was the result of prejudices and adverse traditions, which were centuries old. Woman was reduced to the position of the slave "who did not know that he could or ever had to be free". It is difficult to get women interested in the larger problems of life and because they knew nothing of them, having never been allowed to breathe the fresh air of freedom. Women realised that the only factor that would enable them to come out of such situation was the determination and strength of women themselves. Though men should help in the cause of women, Gandhi maintained, "ultimately woman will have to determine with authority what she needs". The Satyagraha movements gave women opportunities While the nationalist struggle provided women to take decisions, and to strengthen the bonds of with an opportunity to enter the public sphere and sisterhood. Feminism and nationalism were never bring changes in their lives and around, it has to be mutually exclusive for women in women's noted that it could not totally transform the reality. 106 satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka oNkTobara- 2018 Women followed Gandhi, because they found something in him which had direct links with their lives. They discovered their own potential and strength as they got involved in the freedom struggle. As pointed out by Laxmi Menon, women joined the movement because his message. "Offered the women of India an opportunity to break from the past with all its frustrations." According to Aloo Dastur and Usha Mehta, one of the enduring results of Gandhi's great life work has been the awakening of women which made them shed their deep-rooted inferiority complex and rise to great heights of valour and dignity, of self-reliance and achievement. Vina Mazumdar also stresses that Gandhi's greatest contribution to the movement for raising women's status lay in his revolutionary approach to women's roles in society, and their personal dignity as individuals. As Devaki Jain argues, though many of Gandhi's statements on women may seem jarring when read today, Gandhi seems to have been intuitively attuned to women, and to have seen women's potential more clearly than any other political or religious leader in any part of the world. He perceived women equal, but different. In their difference, Gandhi himself identified with woman.

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The chains of the traditions and conventional walking or eating together encouraged sharing, and thinking could not be thrown off totally. As pointed a strong bond was established among the women. out by some scholars, "the struggle against a There are instances where pregnant women or common oppressor effectively diverted attention women with infants went to jail, and were looked from other potential conflicts within the social after by their women colleagues there. Their families system." Moreover, since 'patriotism was subsumed were taken care of by others who also had faith in within religion', women's participation filled into the the nationalist ideals. Human elements of such traditional cultural matrix. It is also argued that experiences are guidelines for human behaviour in Gandhi recruited women to channel the energies the society. The activities of women in the nonof an emerging women's movement into the political violent freedom struggle give messages of inner movement he controlled. In addition, Gandhi created strength, simplicity, self-reliance and the need to a new myth of Indian womanhood, Sita - like in her identify with the deprived sections. Some women's devotion to service and self-sacrifice, whether in her struggles like Chipko, anti-arrack and anti-dowry family or to her nation. In that context, the essential agitations and working of some women's issues related to women's emancipation could not organisations like Laxmi Ashram and SEWA be taken up. indicate the strength of non-violent methods, which The magic of the Mahatma however were nurtured by women during the freedom encompasses the participation of women in the struggle freedom struggle. Women from different sections, Women's participation in the non-violent classes, regions and religions were attracted to freedom struggle has heralded a new era for the Gandhi. His calm words and non-violent ways of nation as well as for women themselves. Though working made it possible for women to traverse more than fifty years of independence have not effortlessly between their private world of home and brought for women the liberation from exploitation public world of the nationalist struggle. He used the and injustice, the experience of participation in the language they understood, he used the symbols they freedom struggle has been very valuable. It has were familiar with. He gave the message of self taught the women to aspire for freedom and to strive reliance through the charka and the use of for it. Women have proved that they form an Swadeshi products. Women under Gandhi's leadership learnt that they should seek justice, never important part of history, and they can make history. favours". This important lesson of self-reliance is Women struggling against injustice and deprived sections aspiring for freedom in the twenty-first relevant for the next century also. century also can take inspiration from the It has to be noted in this context that the women experiences of the Indian women active in the nonused democratic and transparent methods during violent freedom struggle. the non-violent struggle. There was no organised structure and hence no hierarchy. Women (and men 000 maNibhavana gAMdhI saMgrahAlaya, too) usually sat in a circle, implying equality of all and reached all the members by devotional group aMbA mAtAnA maMdira sAme, songs. The informal atmosphere and activities like gIragAma, muMbaI "You are so simple that you puzzle people, you are so honest that man doubt you." Lorence Houseman 1931 . (oNkaTobara- 2018, prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (107)

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MAHATMA GANDHI AND WORLD PEACE Prof. Brahmananda Satapathy utkala yunivarsiTInA rAjyazAstra viSayanA variSTha adhyApaka. dezanA rAjakIya pravAho ane vaheNonA sakSama vizleSaka, gAMdhIjInA jIvana ane kAryanA gaMbhIra abhyAsI aneka parisaMvAdo, konpharansonA pratibhAgI aneka zodhapatro ane pustakonA lekhaka. The modern world is facing a multidimensional Gandhi's concepts and practices. The basic crisis; a crisis that poses challenge to each and groundship happens to be "Non-violence". He every aspect of our life. Among the outstanding practiced and prescribed non-violence as a remedy aspects of this crisis are; over militarization, nuclear against all social evils. It is the most ancient eternal proliferation and global reach of arms, values and culture of India. He said on this account, overdevelopment and underdevelopment resulting "I have nothing new to teach you Truth and nonin maldevelopment, a vast number of people violence are as old as hill." Non-violence and Truth suffering from poverty, hunger and marginalization. are two sides of a same coin. Added to these are environmental degradation in (A) Non-violence the forms of abuse and overuse of nature and Total non-violence consists in not hurting some pollution and growing paucity of resources, denial other one's intellect, speech or action per own of human rights, gender bias and injustice, crisis in thought, utterance or deeds and not to deprive some the field of energy, mounting insecurity and violence, one of his life." In essence, abstinence in toto from terrorism, war and conflicts, drug trafficking, AlDs. violence is non violence. In this context Gandhi Besides, there are corruption, communalism, clarified in an edition of young India. unemployment, regionalism, problems of language, "..... to hurt someone, to think of some evil unto ethical and moral degradation in private and public some one or to snatch one's life under anger or life. All these together pose a grave challenge to selfishness, is violence. In contrast, purest nonthe world. Peace is far away so long as these violence is an epitome in having a tendency and problems exist. presuming towards spiritual or physical benefit unto everyone without selfishness and with pure thought Among the various political ideologies, after cool and clear deliberations... The ultimate democratic governance appears to be best yardstick of violence or non-violence is the spirit because it is this very system which provides behind the action." maximum opportunities of public progress and (B) Non-Violence is perpetual development. People can themselves decide the From beginning unto now man has been mode of their weltare. But, is the democratic system ultimately treading path of non-violence. It came of governance free from above problems? Therefore into existence along with man It is coterminus Gandhian Philosophy is very much contextual today with life. In case, it has not with man from the very on this accord. beginning, there might have been self-dom by man. Mahatma Gandhi treated his individual life in Besides there has been gradual enhancement in accordance with his ideas. He said "my life is my development and proximity in spite of presence of message". Therefore Gandhism is a mixture of various obstacles and hurdles. (108) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018)

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(C) Non-violence and Truth both are comple- (G) Complete unity and integrity of body, mind mentary to each other. It is more appropriate to say and soul are in the individual human being. The "Truth is God," rather than saying "God is Truth". body should be controlled by mind and the mind He equated God with Absolute Truth as ultimate by the soul - a harmony among three. But this reality. Soul is the spark of this God of Truth. It is the control is not to be achieved by despising or moral, The spiritual force, the divine spirit which neglecting either the body or mind or soul. regulates our body and mind. It is the voice of God, (H) Means are at least as important as and often the voice of Truth within us. more important than, ends. It is, of course, Both are two sides of the same coin. Both have desirable that ends should be good and reasonable. same value. Difference consists in approach only. They give direction to life while the means adopted The derivation is that Truth stays with permanence constitute life itself. The means confirm to the test and that Truth is permanent. Non-violence on of truth and no-violence, even mistakes, errors, and account of being permanently present stays to be failures aid the growth of the individual. We can not true. Non-violence is both a means and an end in get a rose by planting a noxious weed. There is an itself. inviolable connection between the means and end (D) Non-Violence is the strongest weapon as there is between the seed and tree. The It is not a weapon of the weak. It has no place relationship between the two is organic. There must for cowardice. It is an active force. Non-violence is be purity of means. Those who grow out of violence, impossible without bravery / courage/fearlessness. they will end in violence. This is what makes Gandhi Doing at any cost something that one ought to do. distinctly different form Kautilya, Machiavelli, The courage of dying without killing. Having decided Bentham, Karl Marx, Lenin, Trotsky and others. upon the rightness of a situation, Gandhi would not like one to be passive spectator to evil. This is the Examination of Gandhi's view on State may, essence of Non-Alignments which is different from perhaps, lead to a better understanding of his vision neutrality. "When freedom is menaced or justice is of democracy. Sometimes a confusion is made threatened or where aggression takes place we can between the acts of the individuals and those of the not and shall not be neutral." State, and it is expected that Gandhi's State is to (E) Non-Violence has individual and social aspects be non-violent. But how is the State act non-violently, too. It fosters co-operation and cooperative when it represents violence in a concentrated and progress. Progress is difficult to achieve without co- organized form ? Indeed a non-violent state is a operation. Co-operation is possible only when there contradiction in terms. It could only be called a nonis no violence. To him, regulation of mutual relations violent stateless society. This is the ideal for Gandhi. in society is through non-violence to considerable Non-existence of State as cherished by Gandhi is extent. He wished it to be developed on large scale. impossible instantly or in near future. At the level of He called upon the people to continue to develop it imperfect nature of man, among the existing states, in practice throughout life as the basis of life. democratic governance appears to be best. (F) Non-Violence is not utilitarianism. But the paradox is that being theoretically It is all-timely and all welfaristic. A non-violent is the best system of government, there is tidal waves always ready to face punishment for the maximum of violence and other related problems sweeping benefit of all whereas a utilitarian is not. across the world and seems to be having no respite. L(oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (100)

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Gandhi is certainly a staunch supporter of democracy. He believed that state is best which governs least and this is his second best ideal. He held the view that there are certain things which cannot be done without political powers, even though there are numerous other things which do not at all depend upon political power. While in ideal society, there is no room for the military and police, yet in the actual state there is provision for it according to the moral level of its citizens. Democracy should be intermingled with nonviolence in even manner and governmental interference is minimum. The present democratic systems can overcome the problems most importantly "violence and terrorism" only when nonviolence is accorded supreme status in practice as well as in principle and at social as well as individual plane. Only such a democracy can be successful in its real goal. The existing democratic deficit can be overcome by incorporating "Gandhism in democracy". Violence is not sacred, pure or welfaristic from any point of view. Whatever is gained on the basis of it is impure and temporary. Democracy and violence can never be mutual. The basis of democracy is non-violence in toto. In it, people will grow accustomed spontaneously to observe their social obligations without the operation of the State The more the individuals have imbibed the spirit of non-violence, the less the necessity of state. This is the implication of Gandhi's concept of Swaraj. "The attempt to win Swaraj is Swaraj itself. It is a developing ideal and is "better than the best". Gandhi calls it "indefinable". Whatever political institutions Gandhi accepted, he did so as a transitional device, to be transcended by better ones. No institutional device is final. They must involve with the evolution of the individuals. The state should work in the direction of development of nonviolence at individual, community, social and national satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 110 levels. Gandhi believes that politics can remain pure and free of corruption only if and so far it is based on ethical principles- ethics which are common to all religions. He stands for the spiritualization and secularization of politics. Gandhi said: "If they are to be truly made democratic, they must be valiantly non-violent. In case of its absence, democracy shall be there for namesake only and it would be better for it clearly be supporter of dictatorship". This democracy must be such that it should not warrant power of punishment. In it people will certainly be conscious of their duties. Peace requires peaceful method. There is no alternative to non-violence. IV Gandhi's experiences in South Africa became his laboratory where he conducted experiments and formulated his worldview. The discovery was Satyagraha. The policy of apartheid by the white Minority Government made the lives of the millions of the coloured people deplorably miserable. Colonialism was legitimized. He valiantly fought against racialism, apartheid and colonialism. The historic challenge before him was whether the weak could fight the strong. Through his constant experimentation he realized that non-violence was the strongest weapon of the colonized masses and taught them to use it. He was able to induce courage and strength in the weakest of the weak and remorse in the hearts of the cruelest of the cruel and his belief that good exists in all humans, one only has to awaken that good within. On his return from South Africa, Gandhi took the leadership of Indian National Congress and adopted a positive and dynamic stand on international affairs. He said: "My idea of nationalism is that my country may become free, that if need be the whole of the country may die so that human race may live. There is no room for race oNkTobara- 2018 paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka

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hatred here. Let that be our nationalism". Madras Session the Congress declared that India He also said : could not be a party to any imperialist war and in no "I do want to think in terms of the whole case should India be made to join a war without the ce world. My patriotism includes the good of com consent of its people. In September 1933 Mahamta mankind in general. Therefore my service of India Gandhi wrote to Pandit Nehru: "We must recognize includes the services of humanity isolated that our nationalism must not be inconsistent with that ou independence is not the goal of the world states. It progressive internationalism I can, therefore go to is voluntary interdependence. The better mind of the the whole length with you and say that we should world desires today not absolutely independent range ourselves with the progressive forces of the states warring one against another but a federation world." Gandhi criticized the aggressive policies of of friendly, interdependent states. The Hitler and Mussolini. For India it is one of complete consummation of that event may be far off. I want to opposition to Fascists ; it is one of opposition to make no grand claims for our country. But I see imperialism. All India Congress Committee nothing grand or impossible about expressing our reaffirmed its determination to oppose any attempt readiness for universal interdependence rather than to involve India in the war without the consent of the independence. I desire the ability to be totally Indian people. independent without asserting the independence". After the outbreak of the Second World War, From the beginning of the Non-cooperation Gandhi supported the cause of Poland. Even Movement, Mahatma Gandhi emphasized the view despite British deception, Gandhi did not want to that free India would have friendly relations with other embarrass Britain when she was engaged in a lifecountries. In the issue of Young India, 1 June, 1921. and-death struggle with Nazi Germany. Gandhi wrote: It may be noted that after outbreak of the "An India awakened and free has a message Second World War, Gandhi's insistence on the of peace and goodwill to a groaning world. Non- application of non-violence in the international arena cooperation is designed to supply her with a led to his ideological break with the Congress platform from which she will preach the message." organization. Realizing the futility of war in June In November 1921 All India Congress 1940, Gandhi went to the extent of urging Congress Committee (AICC) passed a resolution, drafted by to declare that free India would not use any armed Gandhi, conveying to the neighbouring countries force for its defence. that the foreign policy of the then Government of India in September 1940 the A.I.C.C. passed the did not represent the Indian opinion and was resolution. The A.I.C.C. stated its commitment to formulated by the British Government for holding the policy and practice of non-violence, world India in subjection rather than protect her border. disarmament and world peace. During the war, the Freedom movements in Asian countries drew nationalist movement in Afro-Asian Countries inspiration, sympathy and support of the Congress. gained momentum. The end of the World War II was Under his leadership the Congress did not want followed by the Cold War between the two to limit its outlook to fighting against British Superpowers. In such a state of affairs, Mahatma imperialism in India and thought of combating Gandhi and Pandit Nehru propounded their doctrine imperialism elsewhere in the world. In 1927 at its of international amity and cooperation and L(oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (111)

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resurgence of afro-Asian countries for the sake of (Second Session) said : liberation from colonial rule. India made it "Time was when I prided myself on being, and categorically clear to keep aloof from all alignments. being called, a British subject. I have ceased for Asian Relations Conference was held from 23 many years to call myself a British subject, I would March to 2 April 1947 in New Delhi. In this gathering far rather be called a revel than a subject. But I have both Gandhi and Nehru ,stressed the role of Asia aspired- I still aspire to be citizen, not in the Empire, and India in the promotion of world peace. Gandhi but in a Commonwealth ; in a partnership if God declared "I would not like to see that dream realized wills it an indissoluble partnership but not a in my life time". Gandhiji advocated "voluntary inter- partnership super-imposed upon one nation by dependence" of nations as against their isolated another". independence", and "universal interdependence P andit Nehru formulated India's foreign policy rather than independence". The AICC in its adopting Gandhian prescription. It resolution 1942 under Gandhi subscribed to an found its expression in the formulation of idealistic approach to India's foreign policy. It Panchasheel. Panchasheel are five principles of expressed the future" peace, security and ordered peaceful co-existence signed between India and he world demand a World Federation China in April 1954. These are : of free nations and on no other basis can the (i) Mutual respect for each other's territorial problems of the modern world be solved". Such a Integrity and sovereignty World Federation was advocated for the sake of the freedom of the member nations, prevention of (ii) Mutual non-aggression aggression and exploitation of one nation by (iii) Mutual non-interference in each other's another, protection of national minorities, internal affairs advancement. (iv) Equality and mutual benefit and Gandhi advised the Asian delegates to convey (v) Peaceful coexistence. to the whole world, particularly the west the T he policy of Non-Alignment reflected message of Love and Truth. He said: the essence of Gandhian prescription and "The west today is pining for wisdom. It is reiteration of 'Panchasheel'. It has grown in to a despairing of the multiplication of atom bombs, gigantic movement having 118 countries as because the multiplication of atom bombs means members and completing its 14th Summit. In fact, utter destruction not merely of the west but of the the Non- Aligned Movement (NAM) is rightly whole world, as if the prophecy of the Bible is going described" History's biggest peace movement", it to be fulfilled and there is to be, heaven forbid, a stood for 'Atom for peace'. The only possible deluge. It is up to you to deliver the whole world, not answer to the atom bomb is non-violence. merely Asia, from that sin. That is the precious As Pandit Nehru used to say" I would call ours heritage your teachers and my teachers have left the authentic Gandhian era and the policies and us". philosophy which seek to implement are the policy Gandhi was in favour of building up of a "World and philosophy taught to us by Gandhiji. There have Commonwealth". Gandhi in his speech on 15 been no break in the continuity of our thoughts September 1931 at the Round Table Conference before and after 1947". (112) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018)

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V Mahatma Gandhi is a practical idealist. He is not a pacifist. The impact of Gandhian message on Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was so profound and electrifying that he practiced the message and techniques for the liberation of the black people in America. He also deserves to be considered as the first public figure who sensed and articulated the common concern in respect of environment. He taught "Earth is our mother and we are her children". A mother can satisfy the needs of her children but not greed, hence limitation of human wants. He strongly pleaded for liberation and upliftment of women. If women are empowered and reign the world, it would be a peaceful world. Gandhi is a oNkTobara- 2018 postmodernist in the sense that he has harmoniously balanced the multiple identities. There is no private Gandhi and public Gandhi. He has prescribed basic education for cultivating and nurturing moral life. The ultimate ideal of 'Non-violence and Truth' is unrealized and unrealizable; its value consists in pointing out the direction, not in their realization. Striving after the ideal is the very essence of practicing Gandhi's philosophy. This consciousness should make one strive to overcome the imperfection. Mahatma Gandhi did not have a shadow of doubt that the world of tomorrow will be, must be, a society based on non-violence. Wai Mahatma Gandhi, Undated prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 113

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be mahAmAnava - mahAtmA gAMdhI ane AcArya vinobA sonala parIkha gAMdhI parivAranAM prapautrI. agAu maNibhavana gAMdhIsmRti maMdira, 'bhAratIya vidyA bhavana" "navanIta-samarpaNa' ane janmabhUmi TrasTamAM sevArata' hAla phrIlAnsa kolamisTa. 'janmabhUmi pravAsI' akhabAramAM rasaLatI kalame lakhAtA lekhothI lokapriya thayelAM A bahumukhI pratibhA dharAvatAM viduSInA Aja sudhImAM kAvya, navalakathA, kizorakathA, saMsmaraNa, nibaMdhonA sAta pustako prakAzita thayelAM che. soLa pustakonA anuvAdo ane saMkSepo pragaTa thayAM che. cAra paricaya pustikAo uparAMta gAMdhIjI vize anya cAra pustako prakAzita thayelAM che. ApaNe amuka loko sAthe niraMtara rahevuM paDe che, to e gAMdhIno eka lekha vAMcIne karyuM hatuM. A lekhamAM mahAtmA gAMdhIe lokone joIne manamAM amuka bhAva pedA thAya che, emanA vize banAsara hiMdu yunivarsiTImAM ApelA prasiddha vyAkhyAnano ahevAla amuka abhiprAya baMdhAya che. hato. paNa A rIte koI paNa vyaktine mApavI na joIe. kAraNa tyArabAda vinobA ghara choDIne himAlaya cAlyA gayA. lagabhaga ke ApaNane to tenA A janmanAM ja dasa-vIsa varasanI jANakArI 21 varSanI uMmara. banArasamAM saMskRta zAstrono abhyAsa temane che. paNa A pUrve tenA to keTalAye janma thayelA che. e to eka karavo hato. kaMIka rasa baMgALanA krAntikArIomAM paNa kharo. purANapuruSa che. e eka gUDha tattva che, jene e pote paNa nathI mahAtmA gAMdhI sAthe patravyavahAra cAlato hato. gAMdhIjI lakhe che, jANato. to pachI ApaNe tene zuM jANavAnA hatA. 'tamArI prazaMsA mATe mArI pAse zabdo nathI.' tamAro prema, tamAruM mATe dareka vyakti pratye ApaNuM Adarayukta aLagApaNuM hovuM cAritra ane tamAruM kaThora AtmaparIkSaNa ane prabhAvita kare che. joIe, eka jAtano AdhyAtmika a-paricaya hovo joIe. tamArA mApadaMDamAM huM baMdha besuM ke kema te huM jANato nathI, paNa chatAM AsamAnamAM camakatI tArikAo eTalI to prajvalita che ke tame mane bApu kaho cho to tamArA e premane ane e padavIne huM sUryanArAyaNa to emanI AgaLa eka nAnakaDA biMdu samAna che. svIkAruM chuM. tame mArI dIrghakAlIna pratIkSAnuM pariNAma cho. mArA chatAM ApaNI AMkho upara e tArikAonI saumya asara thAya che. mate pitRtva tyAre sArthaka kahevAya jyAre tenA guNone AgaLa emanA darzanathI ApaNI AMkhanuM teja vadhe che. AnuM kAraNa e che vadhAre tevo putra hoya ane putra e kahevAya je pitAnAM kAryone ke te tArikAo ApaNAthI atyaMta dUra che. AgaLa vadhAre. jo pitA satyazIla, daDhamati ane karuNAsabhara evI rIte parasparano prema jALavI rAkhavA mATe nikaTa rahevA hoya, to putramAM A guNo vadhAre pramANamAM khIlavA joIe. tame chatA eka jAtanuM aLagApaNuM kAyama rAkhavuM joIe. AdhyAtmika A sAbita karI batAvyuM che. eTale tame mane je padavI Apo cho anAsakti anubhavavI joIe. teno prasanna svIkAra karuM chuM. ane tene lAyaka banavA sadA prayatnazIla vinobA bhAve rahIza. paNa jo huM kadIka hiraNyakazyapa banuM, to bhagavAnane prema vinobA bhAveno janma 11 sapTembara 1895 mAM, mahArASTranA karatA pelA pralAdanI jema mAro virodha jarUra karajo. Izvara gAgodA gAme thayo. mahAtmA gAMdhI 2 oNkTobara 1869mAM tamane dIrgha AyuSya Ape ane dezanI sevAmAM tamAro zreSTha upayoga gujarAtanA porabaMdara gAme janmyA. kare. dezane Aje satyAgrahIo karatA vadhAre jarUra buddhiniSTha vinobAnuM mULa nAma vinAyaka narahari bhAve hatuM. temanAM mA kAryakaronI che je vicArono yogya prasAra kare. rukmiNidevI atyaMta AsthALu prakRti dharAvatAM, nAnI uMmarathI patravyavahAra pachI baMgALanI krAnti ane himAlayanI zAMtinuM vinobA bhagavadgItA pratye zraddhA dharAvatA thayA. vinobAnAM saMyojana gAMdhIjImAM che tema vinobAne lAgyuM. gAMdhIjIe temane gItA pravacano Aje paNa aneka bhASAmAM khUba vecAya che ne vaMcAya AzramamAM AvavA nimaMtraNa ApyuM. 7 jUna 1916 mAM teo che. gAMdhIjIne paNa bhagavadgItA atyaMta priya hatI ane temaNe kocaraba gayA ane gAMdhIjIne maLyA. gAMdhIjIne vinobAmAM Adarza teno "anAsaktiyoga' nAme anuvAda karyo hato. ziSya dekhAyo ane vinAbAjIne gAMdhIjImAM Adarza guru, paNa vidyArthI avasthAmAM vinobAne gaNitamAM khUba rasa hato, paNa zabdomAM kazuM vyakta karavAnI bemAMthI koIne jarUra na lAgI. inTaramiDiyeTanI parIkSA ApavA muMbaI javAnuM hatuM te vakhate vinobA gAMdhI AzramamAM rahI gayA ane zikSaNa, abhyAsa, temaNe potAnAM zALA kolejanAM tamAma pramANapatro bALI nAkhyAM. kAMtaNa, svacchatA ane naI tAlImane lagatAM kAmo karavA lAgyA. A kAma temaNe tAjA ja bhArata AvelA mohanadAsa karamacaMda gAMdhIjI vinobAjIne lakhe che, 'tame mAro naI tAlImano Adarza (114) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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samajyA cho. hAla to A Adarza mujaba zIkhavI zake tevo hato. gAMdhIjI pratye apAra zraddhA dharAvatA hovA chatAM ane gujarAtI zikSaka mane dekhAto nathI. evuM koI na maLe tyAM sudhI Adhunika rAjakIya vicAradhArAothI paricita hovA chatAM gAMdhIjInA marAThI zikSaka e kAma karI zake. tamArA vinA saMskRta zIkhavI zake sevAkAryomA lIdho teTalo rasa vinobAe temanA rAjakIya kAryomAM tevuM koI nathI. tame na ho to saMskRtanuM zikSaNa aTakI jAya athavA lIdho na hato. Ama chatAM svAtaMtrya senAnI tarIke gAMdhIjInA to kAkAsAheba AvIne tene zarU kare tyAre thAya. mATe atyAre to asahakAra AMdolanamAM vinobA ghaNA sakriya hatA ane vAraMvAra mAro Adarza manamAM rAkhIne tame ja saMskRta zIkhavo.' sAbaramatI jelavAsa bhogavyo hato. gAMdhIjI ane vinobA baMnene mATe jela AzramamAM vinobA thoDo vakhata rahyA hatA. Aje paNa temanI abhyAsa ane lekhanavAcananuM sthAna hatuM. gAMdhIjIe jelamAM beThA vinobA kuTira sAbaramatI AzramamAM che. satata patro ane lekho lakhyA, upavAso karyA mahattavanA nirNayo 8 eprila 1921mAM gAMdhIjIe vardhA Azrama zarU karyo ane lIdhA ne levaDAvyA. vinobAe 1932mAM dhuLiyAnI jelamAM marAThImAM vinobAne tenuM sukAna soMpyuM. vinobA vardhA gayA ane Azrama gItA vize pravacano ApelAM. sAne gurajIe A pravacano noMdhI saMbhALyo. teo kaThora zistamAM mAnatA ane e ja dhoraNe Azrama lIdhAM hatAM, tenuM pustaka 'gItApravacano' ekathI vadhAre bhASAmAM calAvatA. 1923thI temaNe "mahArASTra dharma' nAmanuM mAsika kADhyuM pragaTa thayuM che ane Aje paNa atyaMta lokapriya che. 'izAvAsyavRtti' ane temAM upaniSadane lagatA lekho lakhavA lAgyA. 1925mAM ane 'sthitaprajJadarzana' jevAM pustako vinobAe jelamAM ja lakhyAM mahAtmA gAMdhIe vinobAne keraLanA vAyakomamAM mokalyA ane tyAM hatAM eTaluM ja nahIM cAre dakSiNa bhAratIya bhASAo paNa teo harijanone maMdira praveza apAvavAnA kAme lagADyA. eka patramAM jelamAM ja zIkhyA hatA. A badhuM chatAM vinobAnAM kAryo paDadA gAMdhIjI lakhe che, "mahArASTranA hRdayamAM pravezavA huM utsuka chuM pAchaLa vadhAre hatA. temanA para samagra dezanuM dhyAna tyAre kheMcAyuM eTale tame, kAkA ane mAmA mane sAthIo rUpe maLyA tene zubha jyAre 1940nA satyAgrahanA navA abhiyAnamAM pahelA vyaktigata saMketa samajuM chuM. dezapAMDe sAthenA mArA saMbaMdho. bhArata sevaka saMgha satyAgrahI tarIke gAMdhIjIe vinobAnI pasaMdagI karI. vinobAe pratyenI mArI zraddhA, mahArASTranA mArA anuyAyIo, caMpAraNamAM bhArata choDo AMdolanamAM paNa bhAga lIdho hato. vinobAnA mane maLenuM mahArASTranuM pIThabaLa, AzramanA marAThI saMgItakAra, nAnA bhAI bALakobA ane maNibhAI desAIe gAMdhIjInI preraNAthI koTavAlanA bahenanuM Agamana, nArAyaNarAva sAthenI ghaniSThatA urUlIkAMcanamAM nisargopacAra kendra zaru karyuM hatuM. bALakobA AjIvana A badhuM sUcave che ke huM mahArASTramAM pravezI zakIza ane thoDuMghaNuM tyAM ja rahyA hatA. kAma karI zakIza. A bAbatamAM tamAro mata jANuM chuM. tame sAthe ho vinobAnuM adhyAtma buddhiniSTha hatuM ane mahAtmA gAMdhIne to mane game, paNa tamAruM kSetra atyAre bIjuM che ane tame game tyAM caraNe temaNe kareluM samarpaNa aMdha nahIM, balake eka daSTivAna prAjJa ho, AzramanA maTavAnA nathI tevo mane vizvAsa che.' puruSanuM samarpaNa hatuM. chevADAnA mANasane UMco lAvavA temaNe vinobA ane bALako bA AzramanAM kAmo je rIte karatA sarvodaya abhiyAna calAvyuM. amuka sarvodaya kAryakartAo mahAtmA tenAthI gAMdhIjI prasanna hatA. temaNe lakhyuM che, vinobA ane gAMdhIe cIMdhelAM kAmo bhaktipUrvaka karatA paNa temanA vicArone bALakobA baMne evA brAhmaNo che je vaNakara ane bhaMgInuM kAma sAcA arthamAM na samajatA te joIne vinobAjI kheda pAmatAutkRSTa rIte kare che. brAhmaNa eTale e je IzvaranI nikaTa hoya. 'AvuM anukaraNa na Take' tema kahetA. 1975mAM kaTokaTInuM A baMne izvaranI vadhAre nikaTa che kemake temaNe kAMtaNa dvArA dezanA anuzAsanaparva kahIne samarthana karavA badala teo vivAdomAM gherAyA lAkho bhUkhyA garIbo joDe potAnI ekAtmatA siddha karI batAvI hatA tenI smRti hajI tAjI che, paNa e samaye temanA zabdone che. temanuM jJAna pustakiyuM nathI, paNa pacAveluM che, AcaraNamAM pakaDIne uhApoha karavAmAM Avyo hato, tenI pAchaLano artha UtAreluM che. pustaka sAdhana banI zake. tene sarvasva banAvatA upekSita rahyo hato tevuM jANakAro mAne che. gAMdhIjI ane vinobA jaIe to te vighno UbhAM kare, vidvAna brAhmaNa pustakamAM nahIM, baMne adhyAtmamAM mAnatA paNa temanI bhUmikA vijJAnanI hatI. potAnA aMtaramAM beThelA izvaramAM zraddhA rAkhe che. baMnenA vicAro atyaMta maulika ane svataMtra hatA. baMnenA vyaktitvamAM gAMdhIjI vinobAne sAcA brahmacArI ane potAnA AdhyAtmika eka anokhI AbhA hatI. bhAratIya darzanamAM baMnene UMDo rasa vArasadAra kahetA. gAMdhI ane vinobA baMnene AzramajIvanamAM rasa hato ane sarvadharma samabhAva e temano Adarza hato. gAMdhIjI dareka hato. vardhAnA gAMdhI AzramanuM saMcAlana karyA bAda vinobAe dharmanA mULamAM gayA ane mAnavadharmanA upAsaka rahyA tema vinobAe pavanAramAM potAno Azrama sthApyo ane jIvanabhara tyAM ja rahyA. paNa vizvanA moTA dharmono abhyAsa karyo ane dareka dharma prema, gAMdhIjI ane vinobA baMne AcAraNamAM mAnatA. je vicAra karuNA , baMdhubhAva ane zAMti ja zIkhave che tema pratipAdana karyuM. ke je jJAna AcaraNamAM na Utare teno temane mana kazo artha na ane "oma tatsat prArthanA ane 'jaya jagata' sUtra ApyAM. oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (115

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gAMdhIjI - vinobA baMne aThaMga dezapremI chatAM potAne sadAya temanA haiye rahyAM. vinobA gAmaDAmAM ja rahyA ane RSikhetI vizvanAgarika mAnatA. gAMdhIjIe pApano virodha karyo ane pApa vaDe gAmaDAne svanirbhara banAvavA prayAso karyA. vinobAnA sarvodaya karanAramAM vasatA manuSyamAM zraddhA rAkhI. vinobA ane gAMdhIjI AMdolanano pAyo ja e hato. teo 13 varSa sudhI bhAratamAM pharyA baMne AjanI bhASAmAM kahIe to strIzaktikaraNamAM mAnatA. baMne ane cha Azrama sthApyA. gAMdhIjI svarAjya lAvavA mathyA ane brahmacaryanA upAsaka, paNa anya brahmacArIonI jema strIone vinobA e svarAjane surAjya karavA mathyA. tiraskAravAne badale strIzaktine sanmAnathI jotA ane lokone naI tAlImamAM temano rasa ane saMskRtanuM temanuM jJAna joI tema karavAnuM zIkhavatA. gAMdhIjI kahetA ke brahmacaryanA mArA Adarzane gAMdhIjIe temane AcArya ane rASTrIya zikSaka kahyA hatA. vinobAne vinobAe jIvI batAvyo che. vinobA bhAratanI RSiparaMparAnA gAMdhIjInA vicAromAM atyaMta zraddhA hatI paNa rAjakAraNamAM temane vArasa hatA. gAMdhIjInA agiyAra vratone vinobAe jIvI batAvyo rasa hato nahIM. teo harijana, zikSaNa, AzramasaMcAlana, kAMtaNa che. vinobA bhAratanI RSiparaMparAnA vArasa hatA. gAMdhIjInA vagere kAmomAM saMkaLAvAnuM pasaMda karatA. pavanAranuM temanuM agiyAra vratone vinobAe kAvyabaddha karIne mUkyA hatA jethI brahmavidyAmaMdira gAMdhIjInA svAvalaMbana, saMyama, ahiMsA, sAdAI AzramavAsIyone yAda rahI jAya. gAMdhIjI ane vinobA baMnemAM vagere siddhAMto para cAlatuM. samAjasevAnI bhAvanAnAM mULa atizaya UMDAM hatAM. gAMdhIjInA gAMdhIjI ane vinobA baMne lagabhaga 80 varSa jIvyA. gAMdhIjIe deva daridranArAyaNa vinobAnA paNa deva hatA. gAMdhIjI gayA pachI AvanArA mRtyuno aNasAra pAmI lIdho hato ane tene mATe taiyAra emanI sevA mATe temaNe bhUdAnayAtrA zarU karI ane jamInamAliko hatA. vinobAe annajaLa choDIne mRtyune vadhAvyuM hatuM. gAMdhIjInI garIba bhUmihInone svecchAe jamIna Ape tevI AbohavA UbhI hatyA pachI vinobAe lakhyuM hatuM, 'gAMdhIjInuM mRtyu evuM ja thayuM karI. 68 varSanI uMmare 40,000 mAIla cAlyA ane grAmadAna, jevuM temanA jevA mahApuruSanuM thavuM ghaTe. have temanI cetanA temanA kAMcanamukti vagere jevA vicAro phelAvyA. samAjasevA mATeno zarIramAMthI mukta thaI samagra vizvamAM phelAI gaI che. pahelo rAmana maeNgsase avaoNrDa 1958mAM vinobAne maLyo. sarvodaya eTale ke samAjanA cheka chevADAnA mANasanuM kalyANa 203, Block No. 1, Elil Abode 3 cubes, gAMdhIjI ane vinobA baMnenA haiye vasyuM hatuM. sarvodaya, ahiMsA Nr. Mahadevpura Flyover, ane karuNA e baMnenA jIvananAM cAlaka baLo hatAM. baMne gAmaDAmAM B/h Raga Appartment, Mahadevpura, vasavA mAgatA hatA ane gAmaDAnA uddhAramAM ja dezano uddhAra Banglore (560048) South India jotA hatA. gAMdhIjI gAmaDAmAM vasI zakyA nahIM paNa gAmaDAM M. 9833708494 ''sAmAnya starathI UMco caDelo koI virala AtmA kvacita ja janme che, ke jeNe idhara vize vadhu gUDha ciMtana karyuM hoya, devI hetunI vadhAre spaSTatAthI pratIti karI hoya, ane daivI mArgadarzanane vadhu vIratApUrvaka amalamAM mUkyuM hoya. AvA mahAna AtmAo prakAza aMdhakAramaya ane avyavasthita jagata mATe dIvAdAMDInuM kAma kare che. gAMdhIjI e paMgabaromAMnA eka che, jemanAmAM hRdayanI zUratA, AtmAno viveka ane nirbhIkonuM hAsya jaNAtAM hatAM.'' -DaoN. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana gAMdhI, mahAvIranA sAcA anuyAyI hatA. mahAvIranA dharmane temaNe dipAvyo che. ane sAce ja vizvadharma banAvyo che. gAMdhIjI janmathI jaina hota to ema ja kahevAta ke jaina dharmanA pracAra mATe ja pravRtti kare che. mahAvIrano saMyamadharma gAMdhIe paro svIkAryo che. ahiMsAne parama dharma tarIke svIkArI che. teo mokSamArganA pathika hatA. ahiMsA, saMyama, tapa, mokSamArga che ema daDhapaNe teo mAnatA ane te pramANe teo jIvana jIvyo. - cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha 116 (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018

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Gandhi's Hind and His Swaraj Avadhesh Kumar Singh aMgrejI bhASA sAhityanA vikrama yunivarsiTI, urjana ane saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTanA variSTha adhyApaka. pUrve AMbeDakara opana yunivarsiTInA kulapati, hAla zrI araviMdo yunivarsiTInA kulapati, vAcana, vicAra, ciMtananA zokhIna. ciMtana-vivecananA aMgrejI sAmAyikanA saMpAdaka. aneka zodhapatro ane abhyAsagraMthonA lekhaka aneka puraskArothI vibhUSita. In Ganhdi's corpus of writing, every word of Indian social behaviour and political character of matters. However, three texts, My Experiments with Indians, in particular those who, in the postTruth, Satyagraha in South Africa and Hind Swaraj, independence era, have sanitised the stand out for showing the trajectory of his thoughts autobiography of unpleasant incidents and and their evolution at different stages in his life. misdeeds to create a false image of Gandhi. Satyagraha in South Africa (1928) deals with his Of the three, Hind Swaraj has emerged as one experiences and exposures at a level larger than of the most seminal texts by Gandhi and also among that of an individual, giving him an insight into the all texts written in the 20th century. It was writtern exploitation and racial discrimination of Indians against an impending pessimism that visionaries (Asians/ blacks) by the British (whites). Moreover, and artists had foreseen as a consequence of through these experiential insight, his strategies and colonisation, modernisation and economic order terminology of resistance evolved from resistance based on individual and national greed and to satyagraha (Soul Force) via active resistance exploitation. Its realistic assessment of the situation (including Thoreau's civil disobedience). passive and prophetic elements can be discerned from the resistance and sadagraha (insistence on virtue). He fact that just six years after its publication, humanity gave a new meaning to satyagraha against its literal saw the First World War and the ugly consequences meaning, i.e., 'insistence on/ for truth', by reverse of technology in the form of large-scale destruction translating it as 'Soul Force', 'Truth Force' or 'Love inflicted by modern warfare. A quarter century later, Force'. Gandhi advocated it in Hind Swaraj as the this was followed by an even more devastating means of attaining swaraj of Hind (India), to be Second World War. practised in the subsequent struggle for India's Hind Swaraj deals with most of Gandhi's central independence and discussed in My Experiments concepts and concerns like satya (truth), with Truth. This work is unique for its disarming satyagraha, Swaraj, Swadeshi and sarvodaya (the honesty in baring one's follies and weaknesses and progress of all). It problematises the then notions of thereby is unprecedented in modern Indian history. development, modernisation, education and In writing this, Ganhdi frustrated the indulgence of civilisation in particular, and by proposing their his followers in mythopoesis, and risked his status alternatives, it disturbs the intoxicated proponents as the leader of masses who would not have of modernisation in India and abroad even now, as accepted little moments of mortal weaknesses in it did, since its publication when it critiqued them. him. It however, proved that it was not just a moment Hind Swaraj can be baldly summarised by (in South Africa, moments that led to evolution of an taking recourse in Rajmohan Gandhi. ordinary mortal into, as the popular perception had At one level, Swaraj of self-rule must mean an it, the "Saint of Sabarmati' or the Mahatma). It stands individual's rule over himself or herself. At the in contrast to the hypocrisy that became the hallmark political level, it means home rule or self oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (117

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government. But if it is to satisfy, self-government beyond their shores. In this, lies the foundation of must be grounded on the control that leaders and the Gandhian model of decolonisaiton. citizens exercise over themselves. From the four sentences of Rajmohan Gandhi Also, Hindus and Muslims all belong to the (2006:153), Hind Swaraj can be seen as woven composite Indian nation which is perfectly entitled around the principal themes of colonisation, to self-government. Regecting western/ modern modernisation and economic system. Even these civilisation and its inseparable component, brute three themes can further be reduced to one word, force, Indian must embrace the simple life, swadeshi i.e., 'exploitation' in economic terms or 'injustice' in (What one's own country makes), and satyagraha. ethical terms. Both terms are interrelated because Only non-violence suits the genius of India; violence injustice is a consequence of exploitation that is futile, western and destructive of India's future alllows certain privileged vested interests to (Gandhi 2006: 153) maintain structures for their selfish ends. It creates The First paragraph of the preceding quote a parasitic class that thrives on the sweat of the defines swaraj and the second, the Hind of the title. unprivileged. And that makes it unethical and a spot Along with it, Gandhi informed us about his own of concern to democratic institution, for the very concept of nation, marked by 'composite' character. existence of exploitation is symptomatic of the Rejecting the exclusivist/jingoist notion of nation, he failure of democracy. punctured the myth peddled by colonial scholars who Gandhi objected to colonisation and gave the credit of making India a nation to the British. modernisation/ civilisation because they denied To Gandhi, India was a 'natural and cultural nation dignity to human beings and thrived on the which was made so before the British came, by the exploitaiton of many by a few, thereby perpetrating great men and seers of India who travelled from one injustice. Here, it has to be borne in mind that in part to another. He added that Indian resistance to Hind Swaraj, Gandhi seemed to the concerned with colonisation and struggle for freedom made India external colonisation, but his life and work proved a political nation. Here it is worth noting that Gandhi's that his struggle against exploitation went beyond inclusive concept of nation countered the narrow. targeting foreign rule, as it included targeting internal Western nation of nation that informed Tagore's colonisation in a society by a dominant class, caste, concept of nationalism in his book Nationalism group, gender or religion. That is why he waged (1917) (See singh 2006) struggle against the exploitation of labourers, For Gandhi, happiness lay in simplicity. It was farmers, low castes and communal divide. In this in direct proportion to freedom from dependence sense, his project against colonisation, exploitation on external factors. The greater the dependence on and injustice emerges as a trope for struggle other, the lesser the chances of attaining happiness. against exploitation and injustice, without harbouring He saw 'village' as an elementary unit of the nation any ill-will for the persons responsible for them. whose happiness would depend on the mantra of Gandhi understood the true character of self-reliance, with its members as 'prosumers' colonisation which necessitated the colonised (producers as consumers), not depending on any societies to be termed as the 'areas of darkness' city or metropolis. Happy villages would make a and 'White man's burden'. Colonisers used happy nation, and happy nationalism would lead to modernisation, enlightenment and development as happy internationalism. The seeds of conflict excuses to justify their presence in the colonies and between nations often lie either in their greed or in to continue the exploitation of resources - natural their reliance on economic/energy resources (raw material), human (bonded labour), economic 490 - 8 211-24uRule prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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(revenue and tax), intellectual (knowledge systems to learn, live, love and co-exist in peace with others. and texts through translation) and cultural/historical For him, exploitation/injustice was the worst sin, and (annexation of cultural and archival artefacts). labour, the true dharma ('right path'). To support this Gandhi called colonisers traders and stopped just view, I cannot resist the temptation of citing an short of pronouncing them as thieves. Along with eloquent extract from Ganhdi's letter dated 13 the 'external thieves, he did not spare those who October 1921 in Young India to Rabindranath did not work for their food, or 'internal thieves' - as Tagore, the Bard of Bengal. he referred to them in a letter to Rabindranath To a people famishing and idle, the only Tagore (cited later in this discussion). Moreover, acceptable form in which God can dare appear is Gandhi's rejection of colonial systems and work and promise of food as wages. God created processes was preceded by an understanding of man to work for his food and said those as wages. their true character. Colonisation systematically de- God created man to work for his food and said that systematises the native structures - religious, those who are without work were thieves. Eighty per judicial, financial, administrative and educational - cent of India is compulsory thieves half the year. Is it and replaces them with alien system and any wonder if India has become one wast prison? institutions. The British did the same in India. (Gandhi : 257) Gandhi's opposition to the British system of Returning to Hind Swaraj, It is congruous to education, railways, parliamentary system of state that it is among the first few texts that governance, modern medicine and judicial system, pronounced the end of ambivalence towards stems from the fact that they proved poor colonisation after the Freedom Struggle of 1857. alternatives to the long tradition of the native After the Struggle, Queen Victoria took over India systems. Apart from this, these systems were from the East India Company, and India came selectively used for servng colonial purpose - as directly under the colonial rule of the Crown. The was the case with the introduction of railways in failure of the Struggle was a jolt to the national India - or more for military than civilian purpose. As psyche, There were some who like Narmad, the a part of his tactics, Gandhi - in his unalloyed precursor of modern Gujarati literature, had seen criticism of civilisation/modernisation / machinery British rule as a blessing, and Mirza Ghalib, the and exploitation / materialism greed - made renowned Urdu poet, who had censured the freedom sweeping remarks against these for 'de- fighters (the 'mutineers' for the colonisers or the familiasring' and attracting attention towards them 'purbia' [easterners], as he called them) for the through as exaggerative mode of constructing destruction of Delhi. In the next phase, this was discourse. However, it is difficult to surmise that a replaced by ambivalence in the last quarter of the perspicacious person was oblivious of the 19th century. After the founding of Congress and weaknesses of Indians or of the uses of technology, activities of freedom fighters like Shyamji medicine or education that he himself had had. Krishnavarma and V.D. Savarkar, (who would fall Gandhi was against these because they led wo/men under what Gandhi called 'Indian school of violence to stray away from her/his nature and divorced her/ for ending India's occupation br Britain'), and B.K. him from labour. He rejected the clerk-spawning Gokhale and B.G. Tilak in India, the ambivalence education system, for it failed to make labour and had come to an end, but there was difference of value -oriented education an integral part of it. He opinion regarding the means of achieving freedom believed in empowering people with education, a through violent means, i.e. brute force, or peaceful humanistic education that would teach its pupil how means. Shyamji Krishnavarma and V.D. Sarvarkar oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka 'satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (11)

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among others, advocated the former and Gandhi, the latter. Hind Swaraj end the ambivalence and paves the way for satyagraha as the means of resisting colonisation, injustice and exploitation. Moreover, with his moral stand, Gandhi transformed the paradigm of the colonial struggle. With his intervention, it was no longer a conflict between the coloniser (the British) and the colonised (Indians) but between two sets of value systems - unjust, oppressive, authoritarian and violent brute force on the one hand, and humane, democratic, peaceloving and culturally superior Love/Truth/Soul Force, or Satyagraha, on the other. The latter is needed even more today, though there is no country under colonial rule. The end of physical external colonisation, however, has not led to a peaceful, equal society. In the case of India, For instance, mere political freedom from the colonial rule has not ensured a conflict - free society. The reason for this is we have failed to dislodge the institutional forms of inequality, injustice and psychological structures which have been perpetuated by years of external and internal colonisation. So, sahishnuata (tolerance), ahimsa (non-violence or non-injury) and Satyagraha still remain relevant as political strategies in the socalled post-calonial society. Gandhi Hind Swaraj presented a model for the post-colonial world- when colonisation was almost at its peak covering about 80 per cent of the globe and long before the end of physical occupation, as in the case of India. Moreover, the text is not based on perpetual hatred against the colonisers. Gandhi's satyagraha is 'for' all and 'against' none, whereas all other models of resistance and struggle against colonisation and exploitation cannot go beyond the binary mode of 'self' and 'other' and therefore can neither accept the 'other', as it is/was, nor submit to it for a harmonious future. Gandhi's model of decolonisation and of the struggle for independence differed from his contermporaries because of his insightful reading of the phenomenon. Besides analysing the motives, strengths and weaknesses of the colonisers and the colonised, he was wise enough to realise that the coloniser-colonised discourse and its practices were constructed on inequality, i.e. the high and the low pedestals of relational hierarchy. Gandhi not only levelled the playing field, but also put Indian civilisation on a higher plane by calling it superior to the Western. In his fight against discrimination, he erased the difference by first deflating the myth of the superiority of the coloniser. In south Africa, Gandhi was ignored and humiliated, but he did not either aim at humbling the British (or whites) or take the pledge of expelling or overthrowing them there. After his return to India, he found that about 30 crore Indians, according to Sri Aurobindo's estimate (Aurobindo 1908:5), were rules by about 1,00,000 British. Despite the glaringly plausible evidence of the coloniser's superiority - With the unbelievable ratio of 1:3000- he made the colonised (the blacks/ Asians / Indians) think, feel and be equal to their masters. His prime objective was to shift from servile deference to the colonisers to irreverence (not negative but positive), to the institutions of discrimination of exploitation and injustice like law, policies and governance (including taxation) that were formed as the means of preserving and oNkTobara- 2018 paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka Gandhi read colonisation diggerently from others, particularly the colonisers who had peddled the myth of their physical, cultural and intellectural superiority. In Hind Swaraj, Gandhi punctured that myth and proved it an illusion, thereby changing the paradigm of colonisation. He seemed to have rejected colonisation on ethical grounds because it is based on exploitation and injustice. Moreover, it leads to de-humanisation of the colonised because prolonged enslavement leads to inferiorisation of many by a few. Changing the existing perception of colonisation, he proposed that the British are in India not because of their superiority but because Indians are complicit in their colonisation (Gandhi 1931:34-35). 120 satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha

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furthering inequality and discrimination. Swaraj, without dislodging these institutions, would mean replacement of one class, race and mindset with another. In this sense, swaraj, in the psychological and intellectual sense, has failed to good measure because the institutions of inequality have remained intact. Gandhi remarked, with his usual ironical connotations, in the prefatory part of his text that Hind Swaraj is so simple that 'it can be put into the hands of child' (Aurobindo 1908:14). The fact is that its simplicity is a facade, as it earned vituperative estimate for the views it had expressed. Shyamji Krishnavarma, whom Gandhi had met at the India House in London during the latter's visit, called him 'an admirer of Jesus Christ trying to put into practice 'the extreme Christian theory of suffering' (Parel 1997: Iviii). However true Krishnavarma's opinion might be regarding the influence of Jesus Christ on Gandhi, it was an implosion, not an explosion, of ingluence on him. Gandhi is to be credited with transforming Christ's love into a full-fledged way of life in more difficult times. Martin Luther King. Jr. also expressed this concept for all those who tried to understand Christ and Gandhi. Gandhi was probably the first person in history to lift the love ethic of Jesus above mere interaction between individuals to a powerful and effective social force on a large scale..... If humanity is to progress, Gandhi is inescapable (Sharma 2007). Further, Hind Swaraj emerged as the most fascinating site of contest between two eminent politicians of the period when its author was himself alive. It was a witness to the intriguingly interesting difference between Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru over the prospective project of modernisation of Hind (India) that would determine the nature and future of swaraj and Hind. The following excerpt from Nehru's letter to Gandhi (9 October 1945) shows the fault-lines of disagreement on the issue: It is many years since I read Hind Swaraj. But even when I read it 20 years ago it seemed to me oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI completely unreal... It is 38 years since Hind Swaraj was written. The world has completely changed since then... consideration of these questions must keep present facts, forces and the human material we have today in view, otherwise it will be divorced from reality (Rudolph and Rudolph 2006:25). It was a clash of two different perceptions of the world, and approaches to it. Gandhi was a spititualist and romanticist, whereas Nehru was materialist who dreamt of a new world in which science and technology had a pivotal role. Gandhi wanted development based on his order of values including justice, without distorting or destroying essential foundational strengths of the society and its constituent units. This urged him to see points of agreement even in the views of those who disagreed with him. Despite Nehru's rejection of Hind Swaraj as 'unreal' on the grounds mentioned earlier and its unsuitability to the ideology and methods of Congress, Gandhi, however, saw 'no great difference' between them with regard to their modes of thinking and understanding things. The question arising in our mind is: If Gandhi could not make his political heir understand his mission of attaining swaraj of Hind, who else would? In fact, we strive to understand it because we are not Nehru. So, we can understand it. And even if we misunderstand it, we do not misunderstand it as much as Nehru didi. Hind Swaraj contains ample substance to earn the labels of utopia and unrealism for it. But a utopia is a prerogative of distinguished souls like the Buddha, Mahavir, Christ and Mohammed who proposed new utopias in their discourses which are yet to be realised. William Shakespeare's Commonwealth, described in The Tempest, is a utopia, so is Gandhi's world. Hind or village. He was entitled to his vision of utopia as an individual. But no one conceded it to him, out of the fear that if they accepted it, the majority of India-other than this. minuscule minority- would have followed his words without caring for the consequences. vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 121

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All utopias are extended alternatives, carried to extremes, No text contains as many utopias or alternatives as Hind Swaraj does. It provides a critique of and complex alternatives to the Western project of modemisaton and development, colonial education and history (from the history of kings and wars to the history of periods of love and peace). Further, Gandhi was no naive romantic utopian as artists or poets are, but a practicing activist who experimented with alternatives and implemented them as well. As regards the question of the impracticality of Gandhi's views, one can argue that in their own times, all visionaries like the Buddha, Mahavir, the Christ, Mohammed and Karl Marx remained, and still remain, impractical and unrealistic. The Buddha and the Christ became increasingly impractical even for their followers, else why should there still be so much sectarianism and violence in their fold and the need for practising their principles? Similarly, the marxists have failed Marx in Germany, the land of his birth, and elsewhere. All alternatives allow us to peep into insights and innovation in ideological positioning, and for stratergising and bringing about the desired change in a given situation. ('divorced from reality') and an imaginary world of yester years. The interest in the text and its attitudes has proved Nehru wrong to a good extent. Hind Swaraj, as is obvious, is in the form of dialogue, an age-old device ever since Plato used it in the West. In the Indian tradition, the samvad (dialogue) between Yagyavalkya and Gargi, and between Yama and Yami prove the time-tested significance and validity of the dialogic mode. It is my concern here not to discuss the dialogic mode, but to consider the role of dialogue in relation to satyagraha. Satyagraha is resistance or disobedience qualified with the adjective 'passive' or 'civil' respectively. In certain quarters, it might suggest the closure of the possibility of dialogue. Gandhi's model of Satyagraha, however, values and respects dissent but does not mean obstructing diaglogue with the individual/object/agency to be resisted. Gandhi himself continued dialogue with all those he resisted at the intellectual, political and spiritual levels. At the spititual level, dialogue assumes the form of silence or dialogue with one's own self or dialogue with the other as if the other were one's own self or dialogue with the other as if the other were one's own self. The Gandhian mode and model of dialogue assume significance in a world in which the clash of civilisations is not an idea but a reality. Beyond Hind and Its Swaraj Hind Swaraj is a problematic yet prophetic text. It problematises the institutions and notions that were familiar and fundamental to human existence towards the end of the first decade of the 20th Century. Its ability to problematise fascinates us beyond measure. With its sweeping generalisations against railways, doctors and lawyers, it disturbs and shakes us. In the process, if examined closely, it allows us an insight into Gandhi, the strategist or the tactician. Gandhi's main issue was the colonisation of india by the British. In order to understand this process, he examined the strengths and weaknesses of the colonisers (the British) and paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka oNkTobara- 2018 Gandhi's Hind Swaraj is a mutiny against mindless modernisation, and he argued vehemently for a new way of looking at development. He expressed his angst against the Western project of modernisation; a larger project that would have led to, what E. Husserl and M. Heidegger referred to as 'the complete Europeanisation of the earth and mankind' (1988: 434-42). In the West, there were many sceptics like A. Schopenhauer and the lesser known P. Hacker (1913-1979) and his contemporary. J.W. Haeur, who had critiqued the project of Western modernisation. The other 'West that went into the making of Gandhi and his Hind Swaraj had already done it. The problem was that the 'other' West was a minority, as was Gandhi in India at the time of his advent; a lone voice in the Indian wilderness. To Nehru, the text was unrealistic satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 122

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the colonised (Indians). He rejected the myth of political and civilisational superiority of the British and their institutions of parliament and the press. He exposed the true English character as greedy: the British were timid traders and shopkeepers with no real interest in the welfare of India but only their own as they drained Indian resources for their own prosperity. He did not accept the validity of the 18th century Enlightenment or 'civilising mission' of the colonisers, at least not in the case of India which had nothing to learn from the colonisers. In this sense, the text is like a mirror to see and recognise ourselves. And for everything he rejected, he proposed his own model with his own terms and tools. For instance, decolonisation and Independence are possible only through swaraj that, for him, stands for 'Rule Thyself (to Rule Others)'. Moreover, it can be sustained only through swadeshi and satyagraha. Gandhi analysed logically like the Buddha, who acknowledged that there is suffering in the world, the suffering has a cause which is desire. In the elemination of the cause is the end of the suffering. Likewise, Gandhi accepted the fact that there was colonisation/ exploitation in the world/India. The cause, according to him, lay in the colonised's inability to resist the coloniser, for which satyagraha emerged as the means of freedom from colonisation. The sustained protection of freedom from colonisation would then depend on swaraj and swadeshi. This is discernible in the four-stage solution of the problem of attaining swaraj of Hind towards the end of the book: (1) Real Home Rule is self-rule or self-control. (2) The ways to it is passive resistance: that is soul force or love force. Incidentally, neither the word Hind nor "Indian' appears in the aforementioned extract. It suggests that by the time Gandhi was signing off the discourse, his concerns had transcended hind of the mind and hind became a trope for us, i.e., the entire humanity. More importantly, Gandhi was against a civilisation built on greed, crass materialism, exploitation, brute force and injustice. This civilisation invites clash sooner or later, and as a consequence, however hard we try to ignore or reject the thesis or idea of the clash of civilisations and propose the thesis of the confluence of civilisations, the idea of the clash is still a reality. If we wish to see that the clash does not lead to catastrophe. Gandhi's path is at least one of the best and the least violent among the 'tested' alternatives available to us. Hind Swaraj is a prophetic text, as it anticipated many a problem that plagued us then. It does so even today as we did not pay heed to the caution implicit in Gandhi's caveat. It is difficult to accept his outright rejection of railways, lawyers or doctors which he regarded as a consummation devoutly to be wished' (Young India 26 January 1921, in Gandhi 1986:27). But it is also difficult to ignore the fact that while the fast modes of transport have shrunk distances, they have also added to the spread of epidemics such as bird flu and swine flu. Global warming and fast depleting natural resources have created a crisis of survival for humanity. The crities or rejectionists of Hind Swaraj get trappped in Gandhi's sweeping generalisations; these appear to have been used as a device of maximisation to attract attention to the manifestation of the new culture of machinery, but have been taken too literally. Though Gandhi did not want to incorporate any change in the text except for one wrod, there was some changes in his stand: 'I am not aiming at destroying railways or hospitals, though I Would certainly welcome their natural destruction' (ibid. :26) It is no surprise, however, that the world is satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha (3) In order to exert this force, swadeshi in every sense is necessary. (4) What we want to do should be done, not because we object to the English or because we want to retaliate but because it is our duty to do so I bear no enmity towards the English but I do towards their civilisation (Gandhi 1931:16) oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka 123

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rediscovering Gandhi for the solutions of its problems. Yet humanity is not prepared to follow in practice what Gandhi suggested as the preconditions for the resolution of human crises in 1921, when Gandhi noted, 'It requires a higher simplicity and renunciation than the people are today prepared for (ibid. 27, emphasis added). In his article 'Postmodern Gandhi', Lloyd I. Rudolph poses the question, "Hind Swaraj: A Text for its Time or for Our Time?", and after discussing it in about eight pages (14-21) concludes with the title of the book, 'Hind swaraj's post-modernism can be found in its ability to reject and go beyond modernity' (Rudolph and Rudolph 2006:21). The very title of the book by Lloyd I. Rudolph and Sussane Hoeber Rudolph proves that the text is not only for its own time but for all times and societies that would have inequality, injustice and exploitation - physical, economic, intellectual and cultural, epitomised by colonisation - internal and external of the past and neo-colonisation of the present century. the Ultimate and Narayana (the Lord) with daridra narayana (the Lord of the poor) and practiced seva (Service) of the suffering poor and tyaga (renunciation) for the sake of others, as the highest Indian values with no discrimination. In the process, he re-contextualised the old yet somewhat oversighted practices and terms of Indian culture, i.e. concepts of prem seva lokasangraha (welfare of all), satyagraha swadeshi and swaraj in a new meaning in Hind Swaraj in his life." Hind Swaraj is 'a soldier's manifesto and not a scholar's survey (Gandhi 2006: 155).? But the fact is soldiers do not write manifestos; they prepare war plans, and beyond war room strategies, they fight on battlefields, Closely examined, Hind Swaraj is a manual of the new non-violent revolutionary soldier without sword, shield or bullet, and a methodology for a scholar inviting him to come out of his speculative mould and put in to practice his or her own altenatives the way they evolved gradually out of Gandhi's incontinent straining for a lasting alternative. In this sense, Hind Swaraj is a poetics of tactics against exploitation, injustice and tyranny, and will serve as a model for all humanists who will wage war against them without shedding even a drop of blood. The tractician or strategist in Gandhi was equally careful about the 'political timing' of launching/implementing his movements/ alternatives - for it was imperative to build strength for the ripe political moment for achieving success through non-violent means which was difficult to follow under some conditions. Even if we reject all his views, his methodology is difficult to reject. Just one concept of satyagraha, Gandhi's version of passive resistance, would suffice to make the book relevant for all times. Leo Tolstoy found it to be so, and wrote that it was, in a letter dated 10 May 1910, 'of the greatest importance not only for India but for the whole of humanity' (ibid). In addition: Hind Swaraj is a liberating text. It does not instil a sense of inferiority complex those who wish to receive or follow it. It liberates them oNkTobara- 2018 paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka The question, however, is: what makes Hind Swaraj a Text for 'our' time and even beyond and Ganhdi, an experimenter and thinker? The answer lies in its/his ability to give a new direction and purpose to humanity in crisis in India in particular and the world in general. The ultimate purpose of human life in the vedic and Upanishadic period was realisation of the Brahman, the Ultimate and infinite, through meditation and penance - which in the course of time was superseded by ritualism. The Buddha brought about a paradigm shift in it by insisting upon the realisation of truth on the basis of rationality, and replaced penance with love and compassion. The Bhakti poets and mystics replaced rationality/intellectuality with prem (love) in its various manifestations as nigum (the unqualified Absolute Being) and sagun (the positively qualified Absolute Being), and extended it to bhakti (devotion). Gandhi, pained at discrimination, exploitation and suffering, replaced satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 124

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from the bondage of self and others. It indirectly asks but more signigicant is the method(s) that Gandhi its readers to see the reader and editor both in used in it to understand various issues of his time, himself/herself, and critique the contemporary and the alternatives he provided. All his alternatives, situation. It equips its readers with a positive attitude suggested in Hind Swaraj, are not 'sacred', for they to see things in a new perspective and methodology. were responses to some dated issues. However, Beyond this, there is much in it that is dated and in Hind Swaraj, Gandhi's attitude and methods to situation-specific issues of human concerns have 'alwaysness', and At some level, Hind Swaraj 'happens' in alll of humanity can ill-afford to ignore them; if it does so us an the dialogue between reader and editor is at all, then it would be at its own peril. not just between a sceptic and Gandhi, or between Notes an extremist and a liberal, but between intellect and 1. Rajmohan Gandhi (2006:153) adds G. K. soul or differentiating and non-differentiating Chesterton's Comments in the Illustrated intellect. The bhedbuddhi (differ-entiating intellect) London News of September 1909 to the list of operates through binary opposites as it understands reading that had a formative influence on and see different phenomena in terms of their Gandhi's Hind Swaraj. 'other.' The binaries, however, collapse, and get 2. With full awareness of the distinction between merged into abhedbuddhi (non-differentiating neeti and nyaya, Amartya Sen considered that intellect) which is the Infinite Soul. In this, even the the concern for them and the distinction between British rule, or any instrument of exploitation or them figure evrywhere, 'We have, however, suffering, is not the 'other' but a part of the oceanic had a most clear-headed discussion of it. Neeti self or Soul. Here, Gandhi;s Hind Swaraj transcends is about arrangement and rules, about the Hind and its Swaraj, and aims at adhyatmik swaraj right thing to do. Nyaya is about what's (spiritual regeneration) of all that would allow happening in the world. So neeti is about rules everyone to realise one's potentialities by not being and arrangements and institutions and they dependent on others or by not encroaching upon don't necessarily deliver. In the context of others (Gandhi 2006:155). democracy, the democratic institutions might Hind Swaraj is not a sacred text, as over- exist, but their utilisation might be quite limited, enthusiasts at times might resist critiquing it (though partly through our own fault because we don't Gandhi might be a 'sacred warrior', a Nelson engage enough, partly it's about the way media Mandela, called him). It is a seed-text.' The seed is is organised and its limits or the way parties not judged on the basis of its form or surface but on are organised. That immediately leads to a the basis of the prospective plant/ tree, flowers and clash between the intentions of neeti and the its fruition. If we remain trapped in its exteriority, we actual realisation of the neeti (Sen 2009:12). would never be able to understand either its This partly explains Gandhi's criticism of the seediness or its potential to be a tree in full blossom parliamentary system of governance in with flowers and innumerable seeds for ensuring democracy (Sen 2009a and 2009b) its continuity in future. But for that to happen, the 3. As an instance, one can take the case of seed has to 'unseed' itself in suitable soil, water and Gandhi's concept of buniyadi talim (foundational air. To preserve the seed, as it is, would be education), that we ignored. Despite its tantamount to preventing it from realising its successful implementation in select institutions potential. In Hind Swaraj, message is important. So such as Gujarat Vidyapeeth we allowed it to fail is medium (Gujarati first and English in translation), by not making it an integral part of the oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (125

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4. mainstream system, and thereby invited chaos in the present education system which provides degree holders who shirk labour and are to a large extent unemployable. For a detailed discussion of resistance, see Singh (2005: 11-72). Further, In would like to add here that a young barrister called M.K. Gandhi had called for 'peaceful' resistance against the proposed Asiatic Ordinance representing exploitation, oppression, discrimination and injustice by the British on 11 September 1906, at a public meeting in Johannesburg in South Africa. The 11 September 2001 attack on the World Trade Towers in New York has now become a watershed date, so many would not even remener the signigicance of 1906. That Satyagraha can be used as an instrument for empowering the masses, for its efficacy against the terrorspawning network and intoxicated individuals remains doubtful today. 5. His argument finds support in the Bhakti Movement that came into existence much before English language, literature or nation in southern India and then spread to different parts of the country. Critics like Grierson could never understand the unique unity of the phenomenon and forwarded false conclusions. For the discussion of the issue, see Singh (2008). 6. The areas of agreement between the two, as understood and noted by Gandhi, in his letter were : 'In your view the real question is how to enhance the intellectual, economic, political and moral power of every human being. In mine too. And every person therein have [sic] a similar right and opportunity to rise higher. The condition of the country and the city should accordingly be similar in respect to food and water, habitation, clothing and recreation...... To ensure that one person does not ride another, the basic unit must be imaginary village or group that can remain self-sufficient and within the group there needs to be mutual dependence. This way of thinking provides a picture of the relationship among human beings inhabiting the entire world (Rudolph and Rudolph 2006:26). This statement underscores the fact that not only villages but cities were also an integral part of Gandhi's concerns. It was a model for the whole world order, from village as the primary constituent to an independent nation to finally the entire world. 7. The dialogic mode, used by Plato in his Dialogues, had been used in the Vedic and Upanishadic discourses as well. Gargi engaged sage Yagyavalkya in intellectual disputation (shastrartha) with her questions; and Yama and Yami discussed the issue of creation. The dialogue between Yama and Nachiketa, Yagyavalkya and his wife Maitreyi are, among others, instances of this mode of argumentation (Gambhirananda 1989). 8. Gandhi's concepts and instruments of contestation against tyranny were the consequence of configurations of compulsions and circumstances that prevailed around him. To his credit, it must be said that he faced every situation fearlessly and making full use of his intellectual cultural tradition, he gave a new orientation to its terms and practice, thereby transforming the stone into a milestone for himself and the entire humanity. For instance, in order to understand India, its people and their condition, Gandhi travelled across India from Karachi in the west to Dibrugarh in the east and from Rawalpindi in the north to Tuticorin in the south, as he noted in Navajivan (9 October 1921, vol. 24 p. 393, in Gandhi 2006:260). People thronged railway stations at all hours of day and night to see Gandhi. Rajmohan Gandhi relates an incident: While travelling one night between Gorakhpur and Benares, he first pleaded with and then shouted at a crowd that would not allow him or (126) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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Kasturba or Mahadev to sleep. Finally Gandhi shapped himself hard three times. After the second slap, a passenger said to him, 'What will be out plight if you yield to anger?" The mounting pressure made Gandhi devise an alternative strategy of a weekly day of silence which was/is an age-old practive of maun vra i.e., observing a vow of silence for a period of time which might be a day, week or month. He related it to truth, as he observed in Navajivan (December 1920, vol. 22, p. 11, in Gandhi 2006:260), 'Perfect truth is in silence alone." Similarly, Gandhi strategised to counter the acts of injustice, oppression and violence in all forms, Poverty, for instance, was a violence of the worst sort against humanity. For this, Gandhi attacked the human instinct of greed on the one hand, and on the other, he elevated the poor to the staus of god with his concept of daridranaraya - without fetishising poverty but insisting on a life of simlicity and asking those who had money to help those without it. He did not just philosophise but strategised, and translated this into his actions, accordingly making the masses think and act collectively. For a detailed study of Gandhi as strategist, see Krishnalal Shridharani (1939); Gene Sharp (1960); and Bhikhu Parekh (1989). Along with the earlier discussion pertaining to Gandhi as strategist, I would like to mention another study of him by Richard Lannoy in the chapter, 'Gandhi: Strength Made Perfect in Weakness' (1971). His words in the opening paragraph of the book sum up the intensity of Gandhi's experience and contribution at the individual and national levels: One man, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, in the course of one lifetime lived through the experience which elsewhere has usually lasted for many generations. There have been many Indian reformers who have consciously grappled with the issues of secularim, from Ram oNkTobara- 2018 Mohan (Roy) to Jawaharlal Nehru; but no man has endured the stress of transition form the depths of sacred solidarity to the alienation of the modern world more acutely than Gandhi. He refract the scattered beams of the archaic sacred world through the prism of his magnificently flawed, unique person, and projects them on the dark, predictable future. There is something terrifying about the dimenstionless now which he inhabits. There is no resonance of the past, or, if one likes, no Proustian dimension, to Gandhi's outlook. He is neither an Arcadian nor a Utopian, but a relentless explorer of immediacy - immediate needs, immediate means, immediate ends (Lannoy 1971:373). In the course of his study, Lannoy, following Joan V. Bondurant (1958), make some perspicuous investigation into Gandhian percepts and practices-particularly by interpreting satyagraha as a modification of the guru-shishya (teacher pupil) relationship of interdependence in which both are in a co-operative inquiry into the truth, thereby rejecting the hierarchy and inequality of the teacher (master) pupil (disciple) relationship. Proceeding further on the principle of psychoanalysis, Lannoy considered the satyagrahi as the analyst. In satyagraha, Gandhi's role was that of a therapist who bared a repressed truth hidden beneath the stratagems of weakness, acquiescence, submission and complicity (ibid:381). 9. The term 'seed' is a translation of beej in Gujarati and Hindi. The 'seed-text' character of Hind Swaraj can be understood by citing the concluding words of Wilhelm Halbfass (1988:442); 'For Indians as well as Europeans, the "Europeanisation of the Earth" continues to be inescapable and irreversible. For this very reason ancient Indian thought in its unassimilable, non-actualisable, yet intensely meaningful distance and otherness - is not satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka 127

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obsolete'. One of the meaningful ways of understanding 'seedness' of Hind Swaraj may be if the words 'ancient Indian thought' from the excerpt are replaced by Hind Swaraj, as in it Gandhi modernised ancient Indian thought in his inimitable manner. Before ending the note, 'I must refer to an insightful essay 'From Hemchandra to Hind Swaraj: Region and Power in Gujarati Literary Cultute' (2003) by the eminent Gujarati poet and critic, Sitanshu Yashaschandra, who deals with problematics of the title and contents of thetext in Gujarati and in its English translation and thereby brings out the contribution of Hind Swaraj in the evolution of Gujarati prose. Focussing on the 'seed words' of the texts like its title sudharo (Which means 'improvement' or 'reforms' or 'a change for better) for vivilisation, he compares his version of English translation of certain extracts of Hind Swaraj with Gandhi's translation in English in Hind Swaraj, or Indian Home Rule. Agreeing with Niranjan Bhagat's description of Hind Swaraj as a 'revolt against the self, he underscores the significance of the text in the history of Gujarati Language - particularly its prose that 'finally stepped out of the hesitant period of thenineteenth century and the limited geography of Gujarat to achieve'. In the words of Leo Tolstoy, who wrote upon his first envounter with this Gujarati book in English translation, it was of the 'highest significance for the entire human race'. (2003; 567-611) QO0 ualer, Biz faha, 43121 23, 420 (E.Lyad) email : avdhesh06@gmail.com V.C.@aurouniversity.edu.in M. 9099973061 Jawaharlal Nehru with Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan at Simla during the Cabinet deliberations. Riding in the rickshaw is Sardar Patel. (128) (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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dakSiNa AphrikAnA satyAgrahano itihAsa ane gAMdhIjInI itihAsadRSTi hemanta dave DaoN. hemanta dave vallabhavidyAnagaranI saradAra paTela yunivarsiTImAM itihAsanA adhyApaka che. temaNe pUNenI vikhyAta Dekkana kolejamAMthI ArkeyolojIno abhyAsa karyo che. itihAsanA niSNAta hovA uparAMta teo saMskRta vyAkaraNa, bhASAvijJAna ane sAhityamImAMsA jevA viSayonuM paNa pAradarzI pAMDitya dharAve che. mAtRbhASA gujarAtI uparAMta teo aMgrejI, hindI, marAThI, phenca, jarmana temaja baMgALI jevI aneka bhASAo para sAro evo kAbu dharAve che. navanIta samarpaNa sAmayikamAM temanI zabda mULanI zodha lekhamALA ghaNI lokapriya banI che. ogaNacAlIsa varSanA mohanadAsa gAMdhIe koI daivI sRsikSAnA nizcayapUrvaka abhiprAya nathI bAMdhI zakato' (pR. 195). Ama, AvezamAM 1908mAM nAmanI 'kilaoNnana kaeNsala' nAmanI AgaboTamAM baMne sthaLe ApaNane paraspara virodhI vidhAno jovA maLe che. eka laMDanathI dakSiNa AphrikA pAchA pharatAM dasa divasa jeTalA atyaMta sthaLe teo 'satyAgrahanA pramANa puSkaLa' hovAno dAvo kare che to TUMkA gALAmAM hiMda svarAja lakhyuM. jyAre mArAthI nathI rahevAyuM anyatra eno eka paNa dAkhalo teo pote jANatA hovAno tyAre ja meM A pustaka lakhyuM ema teo pote ja enI prastAvanAmAM InkAra kare che! astu. lakhe che. jyAre jamaNo hAtha thAkyo tyAre emaNe DAbA hAthe lakhyuM. hiMda svarAja pustaka lakhAyuM tyAre dakSiNa AphrikAno satyAgraha dakSiNa AphrikAmAM rahetA bhAratIyo sAme tyAMnI aMgreja sarakAre je gAMdhIjInA 'mAMDa be varSanuM bALaka'! kadAca, e lITIo lakhatI anyAyI ane damanakArI kAnUno dAkhala karelA teno virodha briTanamAM vakhate gAMdhIjIne khyAla nahIM hoya ke teo bhaviSyamAM dakSiNa rajU karavA mATe gayelA tyAMthI pAchA pharatAM emaNe A hiMda svarAja AphrikAnA satyAgrahano itihAsa nAme A bALakano bRhada itihAsa lakheluM (dakSiNa AphrikAnA satyAgrahano itihAsa, pR. 240). lakhaze. A itihAsa mahAtmA gAMdhIe lakhelo itihAsano ekamAtra sAva nAno A graMtha gAMdhIjInA jIvanadarzanane, emanA sudhArA' graMtha che. e nAnI noMdhamAM gAMdhIjInI itihAsadRSTi vize ane e (pAzcAtya-bhautika sagavaDo) vizenA vicArone samajavA mATenI itihAsadRSTi satyAgrahanA itihAsamAM kevI rIte pragaTa thAya che cAvI che. e jovAno prayatna che. A pustakamAM 'satyAgraha-AtmabaLa' e prakaraNamAM jyAre svataMtratA, samAnatA ane baMdhutA jevA nArA ApanArA yuropamAM vAMcaka 'adhipati ne pUche che ke tame je satyAgrahanI bhera tANo cho A traNe udAtta vicAro mAtra je te dezanA gorA khristI puruSone teno koI aitihAsika purAvo kharo tyAre enA uttara rUpe gAMdhIjI ja lAgu paDatI e anyathA atyaMta jANItI vAta sAmAnya rIte je lakhe che temAM emanI itihAsanI vicAraNA ane itihAsanI ApaNA abhyAsakramomAM AvatI hotI nathI. gAMdhIjIne paNa philasUphI pragaTa thAya che. eno pahelavahelo paricaya dakSiNa AphrikAmAM ja thayo; trevIsa 'itihAsa'no zabdArtha Ama thaI gayuM e che. e artha karIe varSanA TAI-sUTa-bUTa-dhArI mohanadAsane jyAre mAritsabarga sTezane to tamane satyAgrahanAM pramANa puSkaLa ApI zakAze. je aMgrejI dhAkadhamakI ane baLaprayogathI TrenamAMthI sAmAna sAthe bahAra pheMkI zabdo 'itihAsa' e tarajUmo che ane je zabdano artha bAdazAhonI devAmAM Avyo tyAre dakSiNa AphrikAmAM binagorA mANaso phUTapAtha tavArIkha che, te artha letAM satyAgrahanuM pramANa na hoI zake. upara cAlI zake nahIM; mohanadAsane evuM du:)sAhasa badala polIsanA kathIranI khANamAM tame cAMdI zodhazo te kema maLaze? 'hisTarI'mAM hAthe mAra khAvo paDelo. potAnI jAtane briTiza nAgarika samajatA duniyAnA kolAhalanI ja kahANI maLaze. tethI gorA lokomAM mohanadAsa mATe A bhedabhAva navAI upajAvanAro banyo.1 eka kahevata che ke prajAne 'hisTarI' (kolAhala) nathI te prajA sukhI che. ja sAmrAjyanI prajA hovA chatAM mAtra raMgane ApaNe ja kALA (...) "hisTarI' e asvAbhAvika bInAnI noMdha le che. satyAgraha gorAnA adhikAromAM rahelo AsamAna-jamInano bheda calAvI e svAbhAvika che eTale tenI noMdha levApaNuM rahetuM nathI.' levo e mohanadAsane ane anya bhAratIyone namAlApaNuM ane Ama chatAM, 1924mAM satyAgrahano itihAsa lakhatI veLAe kAyaratA lAgyAM. AvA avicArI ane anyAyI kAyadA sAme gAMdhIjI jaNAve cheH "sAmudAyika ane sAmAjika satyAgrahano AtmabaLa prayojIne emaNe je virodha karyo te satyAgraha nAme TrAnsavAlano akhataro e, ' TolsaToyanA kahevA pramANe to pahelA jANIto banyo. A satyAgraha sAme chevaTe, kamane to ema, dakSiNa ja gaNAya, huM pote zuddha satyAgrahanA aitihAsika dAkhalA jANato AphrikAnI briTiza sarakAra jhUkI; je kAyadAnA virodhamAM laData nathI. mAruM aitihAsika jJAna sAva najIvuM hovAthI huM A vize upADI hatI te kAyado nAbUda thayo ane satyanI jIta thaI. A LoNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (129)

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nahotI. ghaTanAono kathA te A graMthanuM vastu che. patAvIne je divase bhArata parata AvavA nIkaLavAnA hatA tenA kRtino prAraMbha dakSiNa AphrikAnI aitihAsika bhUgoLathI AgalA divase emanA vidAya bhojana samAraMbhamAM emanA hAthamAM thAya che. dakSiNa AphrikA eTale ApaNe atyAre je samajIe chIe DarbananuM markyurI nAmanuM chApuM AvyuM, jemAM bhAratIyonA matadAnano te nahIM. tyAre emAM agni cheDe nAtAla hatuM jenI upara briTizarono muddo carcAyo hato. 'hiMdIonA badhA hako chInavI levAno A adhikAra hato. emanuM mukhya baMdara ane zahera eTale Darbana je (kAyado) pAyo hato. evuM gAMdhIjIne lAgyuM (pR. 44). eTale briTizaro pahelAM nAtAla baMdara tarIke oLakhAtuM. nAtAla upara lokone A kAyadA sAme laDI levA samajAvyuM paNa lokoe e mATe aMgrejoe kabajo jamAvyo eTale tyAM rahetA Daca mULanA loko asamarthatA darzAvIne gAMdhIjIne ja jarUrI patrAcAra karavA Agraha aMdaranA bhAge cAlyA gayA ane tyAM emaNe TrAnsavAla ane karyo eTale gAMdhIjI kahe che tema, "e laData laDI levA pUratuM eTale orenja phrI sTeTa nAmanAM saMsthAno sthApyAM. TrAnsavAlanAM mukhya mahinomAsa rahevAnuM meM kabUla karyuM (pR. 44). emano A nivAsa nagara johAnisabarga ane priToriyA. kepa kolanI AphrikA khaMDanA bAvIsa varSa jeTalo lAMbo kheMcAze enI emane paNa kalpanA dakSiNe naiRtya dizAmAM AveluM moTuM saMsthAna hatuM. aMgrejoe nAtAla upara kabajo jamAvyo ane e pachI 1899 thI 1902 sudhI cAlelA dvitIya boara vigrahamAM bhAratamAMthI tyAM vepArIo ane kAma karanArA majUro sthAyI thayA. tyAMnA bhAratIyoe aMgrejonI bhAre madada karI. e yuddhamAM aMgrejo A majUro bhAratamAMthI pAMca varSanA karArathI javA lAgyA. A jItyA ane Daca mULanA boara loko hAryA ane atyAra sudhI majUro pAMca varSa sudhI kAma karavA baMdhAyelA hatA ane tyArabAda boara lokonA tAbAmAM rahelAM saMsthAno orenja phrI sTeTa ane teo majUrI karavA baMdhAyelA nahotA. A karAra' upara gayelA TrAnsavAla aMgrejone hastaka AvyAM. boara yuddha pahelAM bhAratIyo majUro aMgrejI egrImenTa zabda uparathI giramiTiyA tarIke ane aMgrejone A banne sthaLe javA paravAnA levA paDatA, ane e oLakhAtA. samaya jatAM nAtAlamAM gAMdhIjI jaNAve che tema saraLa hatuM, paNa aMgrejoe tyAM vijaya meLavyA bAda bhAratIyone bhAratIyonA be varga astitvamAM AvyAH (1) svataMtra vepArI paravAno meLavavAmAM zakya eTalI badhI takalIpha paDe ane emanI ane teno svataMtra nokaravarga, ane (2) giramITiyA' (pR. 25). zakti kharcAya e jovAmAM kazI maNA rAkhI nahIM. e sivAya paNa A vepArIo samaya jatAM nAtAla pUratA sImita rahyA nahIM. bIjA ghaNA amAnavIya aMkuzo bhAratIya prajA upara mUkavAmAM emaNe potAnA dukAna ane vyavasAya TrAnsavAla ane orenja phrI AvyA hatA. (sara. pR. 101-102). emAM TrAnsavAlamAM rahetI sTeTamAM zarU karyA ane tyArabAda kepa kolanImAM paNa. (rahevA mAgatI) vyaktie tyAM rahevAno paravAno levo ane satyAgrahano itihAsa ane banAvo A saMsthAno ane nagaronI jyAre jyAre enI mAgaNI karavAmAM Ave tyAre te batAvavo evI AsapAsa ghUmatAM hovAthI enA abhAvamAM satyAgrahano itihAsa paNa eka kalama hatI. A paravAnA mATe dareka bhAratIye potAnA samajI na zakAya. eTale gAMdhIjI A graMthanI zarUAtamAM tyAMnI AMgaLAnI chApa ApavAnI rahetI; strIo paNa emAM bAkAta bhUgoLanI ane itihAsanI TUMkI rUparekhA Alekhe che. nahotI. A vAtano sakhata virodha thayo. ane emAM paNa tyAMnA A badhI jagyAe bhAratIyo dhUma napho raLavA lAgyA ane muslima bhAratIyo AMgaLAM ApavA muddala taiyAra nahotA.3 jamIna vagere paNa kharIdavA lAgyA. A sthiti gorAlokane asahya bhAratIyonA bhAre virodha chatAM A anyAyI kAyado pasAra thaI paDI ane emAMthI bhAratIyonI musIbato zaru thaI. nAtAlanI thayo. TrAnsavAlanI rAjadhAnI priToriyAmAM eka jaMgI sabhA bharI. sarakAra eka evo kAyado banAvavA mAMgatI hatI jethI bhAratIyonA koI paNa hisAbe A kAyadAne vaza na thavuM evo nirNaya karavAmAM tyAM Agamana ane vepAra ane upara aMkuza Ave. emAM giramiTiyA Avyo. ahamada mahamada kAchaliyA nAmanA mULe sUratanA memana na rahyA hoya tevA mukta bhAratIye varSe pacIsa pAunDano mAthAvero AgevAne bhASaNa karatAM jaNAvyuM ke, 'A khUnI kAyado dareka hiMdI bharavo, ene matadAnano adhikAra na hoya, e na jamIna kharIdI jANe che. teno artha ApaNe badhA samajIe chIe. (...) TrAnsavAlanI zake, vagere jevI bAbatonI paNa jogavAI karavAmAM AvI hatI. sarakAranI sattA ApaNe jANIe chIe. paNa A khUnI kAyadAnA (sara 29, 31, 34, 35). Ano virodha thatAM sarakAre keTalIka Dara karatAM vadhAre Dara ApaNane e zuM batAvI zake ema che? jelamAM chUTachATa ApI kharI, paNa e chUTachATa gAMdhIjI lakhe che tema nAMkhaze, ApaNo mAla vecaze, ApaNane dezapAra karaze, phAMsI tamArA gharamAMthI lUMTIne dhana laI gayA bAda tamArI vinavaNIthI deze. e badhuM sahana thaI zake ema che, paNa A kAyado to sahana lUMTArA emAMthI keTaluMka parata Ape enA jevI hatI! A kAyado na ja thAya. (...) huM khudAnA kasama khAIne kahuM chuM ke huM katala znara ane mAnavatAvirodhI hato. gAMdhIjI emanuM vakIlAtanuM kAma thaIza, paNa A kAyadAne vaza nahIM thAuM ane huM icchuM chuM ke A (130) satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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sabhA paNa e ja nizcaya para Ave' (pR. 137). A mata moTA aMza to mAtra huM ja lakhI zakuM. kaI bAbato kayA hetuthI thayelI ke bhAganA hiMdIono hato. karAyelI e vAta to yuddhanuM saMcAlana karanAra ja lakhI zake. A A laData cAlI e daramyAna navI rAjakIya ramatonA mukhya uparathI samajAya che ke itihAsamAM kartAnuM mana ke eno uddeza kartAhartA smaTse gAMdhIjIne samAdhAna mATe kaheNa mokalyuM jemAM mahattvapUrNa che. itihAsakAra pote jeno itihAsa lakhe che teno jaNAvyA pramANe jo hiMdIo marajiyAta rIte paravAnA kaDhAve to kartA na hovAthI e vize e mAtra anumAna ja karI zake. A e A kAyado rada karavA khuzI cho. gAMdhIjIe laData sameTI paNa dRSTie itihAsalekhanamAM lekhakano Azaya agatyano bane che. smarse potAnuM vacana pALyuM nahIM. laData sameTavAne kAraNe keTalAMye, AvA kissAmAM itihAsa AtmakathAno ja eka saMvibhAga khAsa karIne paThANo khUba nArAja thayA ane gAMdhIjI upara humalA banI rahe. emaNe pote paNa A kharekhara AtmakathA che evI paNa thayA. eTaluM ja nahIM, sarakAre mULa kAyadAnI sAthe sAthe bIjo kabUlAta ApelI ja che. (pR. 199). navAI nathI ke A graMtha eka kAnUna paNa pasAra karyo. jenI kalamo jUnA kAnUna karatAM Akho A itihAsa prathama puruSa ekavacanamAM lakhAyo che. e kyAMye vadhu AkarI hatI. smRti AdhArita hovAthI gAMdhIjI lakhe che ke, "kaMI paNa sAhitya dago thayo jANI gAMdhIjIe laData pharI upADI. je lokoe pAse rAkhyA vinA A prakaraNo huM lakhI rahyo chuM' (227). A samAdhAnanA bhAga rUpe marajiyAta paravAno meLavyA hatA. emaNe ja bAbata teo prastAvanA aMte paNa lakhe che ke A meM jyAre enI hoLI karavAno nirNaya lIdho ane e sAthe A satyAgraha jelamAM A itihAsa lakhAvaDAvyo tyAre lakhavA mATe mArI pAse bIjI tabakkAmAM pravezyo. A satyAgraha ghaNo lAMbo cAlyo. emAM saMdarbhasAhitya nahotuM. paNa pachI tarata umere che ke hAla (huM gAMdhIjI AphrikAnA bhAratIyo vatI vAta karavA mATe laMDana jelabahAra chuM to paNa) mane e meLavavAnI koI IcchA ke dilacaspI "DepyuTezana' laIne paNa gayA, paNa enuM bhAgye kazuM nakkara pariNAma nathI. to savigata e itihAsa lakhavAnI mane navarAza paNa nathI. AvyuM. (A DepyuTezana' uparathI parata pharatAM ja AgaboTa upara agara hoya to e mATe mane utsAha nathI ke nathI IcchA. eTale emaNe hiMda svarAja lakhyuM), satyAgrahIone vipula saMkhyAmAM ke itihAsa lakhavo e gAMdhIjI mATe koI vyAyavasAyika jelamAM pUravAmAM AvyA. gAMdhIjIe ethI emanA kuTuMbone bhojana, itihAsakArane hoya tevo koI eka muddAno kAryakrama nathI. chelle raheThANa, vagerenI muzkelIomAMthI ugAravA mATe TolsaToya phArmanI itihAsanI pAzcAtya jJAnamImAMsAne lapeTamAM letAM teo kahe che ke sthApanA karI. A itihAsa saMdarbhe vinA lakhavAmAM Avyo che mATe ema na - dakSiNa AphrikAnI sarakAre emanI damanakArI kAyadAomAM mAnI levuM ke emAM koI vAta asatya che. balake emAM eka paNa eka navI vAstu umerI, je lagna hiMdu ke muslima ke pArasImAM vAta khoTI nathI ke nathI emAM kyAMya atizayokti. paraMparAgata rIte dhArmika rIte thayA hoya te kAnUnI rIte mAnya na ApaNe jANIe chIe ke itihAsanA pAzcAtya jJAnamImAMsAmAM gaNAya evo A dhAro hato. A kAyadAthI rAtorAta sahadharmacAriNI kendrasthAne 'dastAveja nahIM to itihAsa nahIM' e sUtra che. eTale rAkhelI strI thaI jatI hatI. A kAyado evo apamAnakArI ke dastAvejanA abhAvamAM, eTale ke lekhita sAdhanonA abhAvamAM, hato ke eno virodha karavA strI paNa moTI saMkhyAmAM jelamAM gaI itihAsa saMbhavI zake nahIM. ahIM gAMdhIjI potAno itihAsa koI ane keTalIka strIoe to zahIdI paNa vahorI. e sAthe ja tyAM paNa prakAranA sAdhananI madada vinA kevaLa smRtine AdhAre lakhe khANomAM kAma karatA majUro moTI saMkhyAmAM A laDatamAM joDAyA. che. jema ke satyAgraha mATe je sabhA maLI temAM gAMdhIjIe je je emanuM moTuM daLa laIne gAMdhIjIe TrAnsavAla tarapha kUca karI. bhASaNa karyuM. teno sAra teo 'jevo yAda che tevo" (pR. 186) niyamAnusAra paravAnA sivAya TrAnsavAlamAM dAkhala thaI zakAtuM Alekhe che. itihAsa smRtiAdhArita hovAthI ja agatyanA nahIM. A paristhitimAM sarakArane samAdhAna mATe namavuM paDyuM. 'alTimeTama'mAM amuka mudata sudhI dhArAsabhAe kAyado karavo ema sarakAro A vize paMca mUkyuM ane A anyAyakArI kAyadA nAbUda kahe che paNa enI cokkasa tArIkha ApI zakatA nathI ke ApatA karavAmAM AvyA. satyAgrahanI jIta thaI. nathI (pR. 210). e kAyado je divase pasAra thavAno hato te A graMthamAM gAMdhIjInI itihAsadRSTi kevA prakAranI hatI divase jo anukULa kAyado na thAya to paravAnAnI hoLI karavAne tenI thoDI jhAMkhI maLe che. mATe sabhA bolAvAI hatI enI, A AkhA satyAgrahanI sauthI teo enI prastAvanAmAM lakhe che ke dakSiNa AphrikAmAM agatyanI, tArIkha paNa teo ApatA nathI (212). hindIonI laDAI ATha varSa cAlI ane A samaya daramyAna ja joke velajIbhAI desAIe karelA aMgrejI anuvAdanA 'satyAgraha' zabdanI zodha thaI. teo lakhe che ke AnA keTalAka upoddhAtamAM teo lakhe che ke A kRtinA keTalAka bhAga me oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) 131)

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kArAgAramAM ne keTalAka bahAra AvyA bAda lakhelA eTale ke smRtine AdhAre lakhelA ane velajIbhAie inDiyana opiniyananI jUnI phAIlo sAthe sarakhAvI joyA bAda keTalAka sudhArA karyA che. paNa pachI potAno AnaMda vyakta karatAM teo lakhe che ke koI paNa ke sthaLe mahattvanI vigatamAM cUka thaI hoya evuM banyuM nathI. (jo ke A satyAgrahamAM strIo joDAI e saMdarbhe temaNe karelI cUka gaMbhIra prakAranI gaNAya. emAM jaNAvyA pramANe pahelA anya strIo laDatamAM joDAI ane tyAra bAda kasturabA. paNa vastutaH pahelAM kasturabA joDAyA ane tyAra bAda anya strIo. sara. pariziSTa 2) itihAsamAM netAgIrInA praznane paNa gAMdhIjI sparze che. gAMdhIjI kahe che ke A laData laDavAnI tyAMnA sthAnika hiMdIoe azakti batAvI ane mane rahevAno Agraha karyo. (sara. pR. 44). AgaNa paNa teo lakhe che ke ame kAma karavA taiyAra chIe, icchIe paNa chIe. (...) paNa doranAra nahIM hoya to ATaluM kareluM kAma (hiMdIonA adhikAra bAbate karelI arajInuM kAma paNa nakAmuM thaze. tethI rahevAno tamAro dharma che ema ame mAnIe chIe' (pR. 45). ahIM cokhkhuM joI zakAya che ke gAMdhIjI netAo doravaNI Ape che ane loko e pramANe doravAya che evA abhijAta-vargIya itihAsalekhananA dRSTibiMduthI prerAIne vAta kare che. paNa pachI AgaLa tarata ja spaSTa kare che ke 'ATalI vigatamAM huM IrAdApUrvaka Utarelo chuM. satyAgraha kema kudaratI rIte utpanna thayo ane kevI rIte koma taiyAra thaI e vastu upalI vigato jANyA vinA vAMcanAra pUrI rIte na samajI zake' (pR. 48). A sthaLe satyAgraha 'kudaratI rIte utpanna' thAya che, ene mATe bAhya doravaNInI AvazyakatA nathI evo mata joI zakAya che. "kuralenDa' ane 'nAdarI' AgaboTa vizenA prasaMgamAM gAMdhIjI UtaryA nathI, paNa emAM paNa emano e Akho prasaMga svayaMbhU, koInI 'netAgIrI vinA, udbhavyo hato e joI zakAya (sara. 55). che. A 'eziyATika' ekTa viruddha je caLavaLa cAlI temAM cInA je paNa joDAyA hatA, paNa svataMtra rIte, thoDA samaya badhuM barAbara cAlyuM, paNa chevaTe cInAonA pramukha paisAno goTALo karI nAsI chUTyA ethI emanI caLavaLa paDI bhAMgI. A saMdarbhe gAMdhIjI lakhe che ke, "saradAra gayA pachI anuyAyIoe TakI rahevuM haMmezAM muzkela to hoya ja che' (pR. 151), A prakAranA vidhAno uparathI samajAya che ke gAMdhIjI koI paNa caLavaLa svayaM utpanna thAya che e svIkAre che paNa sAthe ja e caLavaLane sarakhI rIte calAvavA mATe netAnI AvazyakatA paNa samaje che. 132 satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha nAgApana, nArAyaNasAmI jevA ajANyA satyAgrahInI emaNe karelI vAta (234) ke vAliyAmAM (290-91) ane harabatasiMganI (315-316) zahIdInI noMdha emane mana nAnA mANaso paNa mahattvapUrNa che e spaSTa kare che. to jaNAve che ke, "A prakaraNo nAmo' amara rAkhavA sAruM nathI lakhAtA, paNa satyAgrahanuM rahasya samajAvavA tathA eno vijaya kema thAya, temAM kevA vighno Ave che ane temane kema dUra karI zakAya, te batAvavA lakhAya che. jyAM jyAM nAmo ane nAmadhArIonI oLakha Ave che tyAM paNa muddo e ja che ke, dakSiNa AphrikAmAM nirakSara gaNAya evA mANasoe kevA parAkrama karyAM' jyAM guNonI oLakha karAvI che tyAM tenuM nahIM paNa kevaLa tenA guNanuM stavana karyuM che. (227). A batAve che ke itihAsane koI uddeza hoya che, e mAtra vidvatkRtya nathI, ane samAja upayogitA e itihAsano moTo upayoga che. itihAsamAM sAlavArI agatyanI bAbata gaNAya che. e saMdarbhe gAMdhIjI lakhe cheH "vAMcanAre keTalIka mukhya tArIkho A pustaka samajavAne sAruM yAda rAkhavI paDaze. pustakane cheDe tArIkhavAra mukhya bInAonuM pariziSTa ApyuM che e vakhatovakhata joI jaze to laDatanuM rahasya ane rUpa samajavAmAM madada maLaze" (pR. 41). Ama chatAM, mukhya graMthamAM bhAgye sAlavArI Ave che. enuM kAraNa punaH emaNe smRtine AdhAre A graMtha lakhyo che e jaNAya che. A ja kAraNe keTalIye vAra sAlavArI choDI gAMdhIjI bhUtakALanI vAta karavA lAge che. (sara. pR. 180). teo itihAsa AlekhatI veLAe A ja kAraNe sAmAnya rIte sAlavArIne pakaDI rAkhatA hovA chatAM keTalIye vAra enuM Ayojana muddA pramANe kare che. dA. ta. 'kAchaliyA zeThanA jIvananA je banAvonuM varNana huM ApI gayo chuM te badhA kaMI A prakaraNamAM varNavelI kamiTInI mITiMga pachI banyA ema nathI. paNa e varNana eka ja vakhate ApI devuM e yogya dhArI tene ahIM jagyA ApelI che' (pR. 206). athavA jyAre teo eziyATika ekTa (bIjo) ane sAthe 'risTrikzana' ekTanI carcA kare che ane e samaye sorAbajI aDAjaNiyAne TrAnsavAlamAM dAkhala karavAno nirNaya levAmAM Avyo enI vAta kare che tyAre teo sorAbajI aDAjaNiyAne TrAnsavAlamAM dAkhala karavAno nirNaya levAmAM Avyo enI vAta kare che tyAre teo sorAbajI laData purI thaye vilAyata gayA ane tyAMthI abhyAsa karIne parata johAnisabarga AvyA ane maraNa pAmyA tyAM sudhInI badhI vAta kare che. kyAreka gAMdhIjI 'esensyAlijhama'nA paNa bhoga bane che. A vidhAna juoH pArasIonI eka koma tarIke teomAM je keTalIka khoDa che' te khoDa teo sorAbajI aDAjaNiyAmAM haze tema mAne che (221). ahIM amuka prajAmAM amuka tattvo to hoya ja evI 'esenziyAsTa" vicArane gAMdhIja tAbe thayA dekhAya che. paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka oNkTobara- 2018

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saMdarbha : Guha, Ranjit. 1982. On some aspects of the his'gAMdhI, mohanadAsa karamacaMda. 19241985. dakSiNa toriography of colonial India. In idem. Subaltern StudAphrikAnA satyAgrahano itihAsa. amadAvAda : navajIvana prakAzana ies I, Writings on South Asian History and Society, maMdira. pp. 1-8. Delhi: Oxford University Press. Stone II, J. H. 1990 M. K. Gandhi some experi- Naidoo. Jay 1990. Clio and the Mahatma Journal ments with truth. Journal of Southern African Studies of Southern African Studies 16 (4): 741-750. 16 (4): 721-740. 1dakSiNa AphrikAmAM gAMdhIjI bhAratIyone tyAMnA sthAnika vatanIo karatAM caDiyAtA mAnatA evo eka mata che. (sara. sTona 1990); enA vivecana mATe juo nAyaDu (1990). pAchaLathI lorDa elvinanI daramyAnagIrIthI eka kara ghaTADIne traNa pAunDa karavAmAM Avyo. kadAca, varSe pacIsa pAunDa eTale enI kalpanA na Ave ke kharekhara A vero keTalo hato eTale gAMdhIjI enI spaSTatA karatAM noMdhe che ke 'giramITiyAnI kamANIne dhoraNe, A traNa pAunDano kara tenI 6 mAsanI kamANI barAbara thayo!' (pR. 29 noMdha) A hisAbe pacIsa pAunDa eTale majUra varganI be varSanI kula kamANI karatAMye vadhAre rakama kahevAya! koI giramiTiyo e bharI zake e zakya ja nahotuM. 3 jema ke, eka netA zeTha rAjI habIbe kahyuM ke, "jo mArI oratanAM AMgaLAM levA koI paNa amaladAra Avaze to huM mArA gussAne jarAye kAbUmAM rAkhI zakIza nahIM. tene huM ThAra mAravAno ne huM maravAno' (pR.111). anyatra paNa eka AgevAne 'AvezamAM AvI kahyuM ke, "mArI oratanI pAsethI paravAno mAgavA Ave te mANasane huM to tyAM ne tyAM ja ThAra karuM, pachI bhale mAruM game te thAya' (pR.103). A AgevAnanuM nAma apAyuM nathI, paNa banne uddharaNomAM vicAranI samAnatA jotAM e hiMdI AgevAna hAjI habIba ja haze ema jaNAya che. jyAre paNa samAdhAnanI vAta AvI tyAre gAMdhIjIno virodha karanAra (sara. pR. 166-170) ke emanI upara humalo karanAra mukhyatve paThANo hatA (sara. pR. 173, 192). alabatta, keTalAye muslima, khristI, pArasI, hindu AgevAno gAMdhIjInI paDakhe satata rahyA hatA. 4. je arthamAM raNajita gRha 'abhijAta varga'nI vyAkhyA kare che te arthamAM (sara. guha 1982:8) ItihAsa vibhAga, saradAra paTela yunivarsiTI, vallabha vidyAnagara - 388120 phona : 09723113737/Email : nasatya@gmail.com gAMdhIjI mahAnatA temanI siddhimAM nahIM paraMtu temanA cAritryamAM rahelI che. - pro.ela. Dablyu eNsTaDe gAMdhIjIe phakta bhArata para ja nahIM paraMtu ApaNA pUrA yuga para, dhAraNA pArano je prabhAva pAtharyo hato, tenuM kArama e hatuM ke teo AtmAnI zaktinA sAkSI hatA. -rejinAlDa sorenasana I.e. phraoNsTaranI mAnyatA hatI ke kadAca gAMdhIne ApaNI (vIsamI) zatAbdInA zreSThatama puruSa tarIke mAnavAmAM Ave. jyAre ArnolDa ToyalbIne to daDha vizvAsa hato ke evuM manAze ja. eka navalakathAkAra ane eka itihAsakAra - baMnenI mAnyatA sAcI paDI che. vIsamI sadInA zreSTha puruSonI mAnavajAte karelI yAdImAM teo agnima rahyA che. oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (133

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satyanA prayogo athavA AtmakathA : satyArthInI svAnubhavakathA caMdrakAnta zeTha gujarAtI bhASA sAhityanA sevAnivRtta variSTha adhyApaka, gujarAtI vibhAga, gujarAta vidyApIThanA adhyakSa, kavi, nATyakAra, vArtAkAra, nibaMdhakAra, vivecaka, saMzodhaka, caritrakAra, anuvAdaka. A badhAM svaruponA 75 pustako prakAzita thayelAM che. hAla gujarAtI vizvakoza nirmANamAM kAryarata vyutpanna vidvAna ane ArUDha abhyAsI. gAMdhIjInI AtmakathA vIsamI sadInA vizvasAhityanI je prayogonI kathA rUpe oLakhAvavAnuM yogya mAnyuM. prastuta AtmakathAnA ciraMjIva kRtio che temAMnI eka che. vizvanA AtmakathA- sAhityamAM zIrSakamAM paNa 'satyanA prayogo' no nirdeza pahelo che. tenA paryAya paNa A kRtinI eka AgavI mudrA che. oNgasTa 2018 sudhImAM rupe 'AtmakathA' zabda che. temaNe A AtmakathAnI prastAvanAmAM gujarAtImAM A AtmakathAnI 6, 29,000 nakalo prakAzita thaI spaSTa lakhyuM che: che. koI arvAcIna bhAratIya sAhityakAranI kRtinI ATalI nakalo 'mAre to AtmakathAne bahAne satyanA meM je aneka prayogo kadAca prakAzita nahIM thaI hoya. gAMdhIjInI A AtmakathAnA karelA che tenI kathA lakhavI che.' bhArata uparAMta vizvanI anya bhASAomAM jeTalA pramANamAM anuvAdo jema koI vijJAnI potAnI prayogazALAmAM vijJAnanA prayogo thayA che teTalA anya koI kRtinA nahIM thayA hoya. e rIte kare tema gAMdhIjIe potAnA jIvanamAM satyanA prayogo karyA che. A gAMdhIjInI AtmakathAno pracAra-prasAra ghaNo bahoLo jovA maLe prayogone temaNe 'AdhyAtmika prayogo' kahyA che, temaNe lakhyuM che : che. vIsamI sadInA gujarAtI sAhityamAM gAMdhIyuganuM sarvottama 'mAre je karavuM che, jenI huM 30 varSa thayAM jhaMkhanA karI rahyo pratinidhAna karatI A kRti sAhityika tema ja sAhityetara dhoraNoe chuM, te to Atmadarzana che, te izvarano sAkSAtkAra che, mokSa che mAruM paNa ananya ane uttama che. A AtmakathA to mahAna che ja, paNa calanavalana badhuM e ja dRSTie thAya che. mAruM lakhANa badhuM e ja tethIye adakerA mahAna che A AtmakathAnA lekhaka. A kRtinuM dRSTie che ane mAruM rAjyaprakaraNI kSetranI aMdara jhaMpalAvavuM paNa rasarahasya anubhavatAM anubhavatAM enA lekhakanA manorAjyano - e ja vastune AdhIna che.' emanA manovizvano je paricaya-paraco maLI rahe che te eka satyopAsanAnA eka upakrama lekhe gAMdhIjInuM A AtmakathAlekhana mahattvanI upalabdhi che. che, tethI to temaNe A AtmakathAne 'satyanA prayogomAMno A bAramI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanuM pramukhapada zobhAvanArA paNa eka prayoga ja che.' - ema jaNAvyuM che. (pR. 257) gAMdhIjIe kadI sAhityakAra hovAno dAvo kadI karyo nathI, Ama gAMdhIjInA mATe to satyadevatA ja emanA kuLadevatA ne iSTadevatA chatAM sAhityakAra tarIkenA emanA zaktivizeSano vyApaka rIte jaNAya che. teo potAne 'satyarUpI paramezvaranA pUjArI' rUpe ane adhikArapUrvaka svIkAra thayo ja che. oLakhAve che. potAnuM jIvana satyadevatAno samucita artha kema - gAMdhIjInuM parama ane carama lakSya hatuM, satyarUpI paramezvarano bane te mATenI temanI mathAmaNonuM akSaradehI svarUpa te A AtmakathA. sAkSAtkAra karavAnuM e sAkSAtkAra mATenI emanI sanniSTha sAdhanA gAMdhIjIe sAhityika kArakirdI mATe nahIM, paraMtu lokasevA ne anivAryatayA emane janasevAmAM ... jAhera jIvananA satyasevA mATe A kathA lakhI che. svAmI AnaMda, jerAmadAsa jevA pravRttikalApamAM kheMcI gaI. gAMdhIjIe paNa 'satyanI mArI pUjA potAnA nikaTanA sAthIonA AgrahathI 'navajIvana' mAM dareka mane rAjyaprakaraNamAM kheMcI gaI che' (satyanA prayogo, mArca 2000 aMke potAnA taraphathI kaMIka lekhanaprasAdI rUpe ApI zakAya evA pU. 459) - ema jaNAvyuM ja che. bhagavAna nArAyaNa jema svAmI AzayathI gAMdhIjIe potAnI A AtmakathA haptAvAra lakhavAnuM vivekAnaMda samakSa tema gAMdhIjI samakSa paNa daridranArAyaNa rUpe zarU karyuM. 'navajIvana' mAM emanI A AtmakathA 29-1-1925 pratyakSa thayA tethI to aMtyodaya vinA Atmodaya ne sarvodaya emane thI 3-2-1929 daramyAna pragaTa thaI. temaNe A AtmakathA zarU apUrNa lAgyA. svataMtratA, baMdhutA ane samAnatAnIye uparavaTa karatAM ja prastAvanAmAM A khUba ja mahattvanI spaSTatA karIH satyatAnuM mUlya gAMdhIjIne mana ghaNuM moTuM che, jema mahAbhAratakAra (A AtmakathAmAM) je prakaraNo lakhavAno chuM temAM jo vedavyAse " manuSAta zreSThataraM digvitA' kaheluM tema gAMdhIjI vAMcanArane abhimAnano bhAsa Ave to teNe avazya samajavuM ke paNa AvuM kahI zake : satyAta Rte zreSThatara nadiya gAMdhIjInA mArI zodhamAM khAmI che ane mArI jhAMkhIo te jhAMjhavAno nIra mATe A manakhAvatAranuM sArthakya ne sAdhya te satyano sAkSAtkAra samAna che. bhale mArA jevA anekono kSaya thAo paNa satyano jaya hatuM, tethI ja temaNe potAnA jIvananI A anubhavakathAne satyanA thAo. alpatmAne mApavA sAruM satyano gaja kadI TUMko na bano. (134) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018)

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(sa.pra. mArca 20OOnI AvRtti, prastAvanA, pR. 7)' pragaTa thatuM pati tarIkenuM potAnuM pAzavIpaNuM teo jarAye chupAvatA Ama AtmakathAlekhananA prayojana tema ja abhigamanI pUratI nathI. bakarInuM dUdha levAmAM je satyadroha thayo che te paNa spaSTatayA spaSTatA sAthe A satyanA prayogarUpa AtmakathA lakhAtI rahI. batAve che. vaLI potAnA jAtIya Avegoe potAnA aMgata jIvanamAM temAM satyanA prayogonI daSTie mahattvanI ghaTanAonI varaNI ne dAMpatyajIvanamAM je vikSobho janmAvyA hatA teno paNa teo agatya hoI zuddha AtmakathAmAM je varaNI pAmI zakI hota tevI spaSTa saMketa karIne rahe che, Ama chatAM nirUpaNamAM kyAMya kazuM keTalIka ghaTanAo choDI devAyAnuM paNa jaNAya che. tethI gAMdhIjInI azobhanIya tattva na ghUsI jAya te mATe teo pUrI khabaradArI rAkhe A kathAnuM Akalana - mUlyAMkana kevaLa sAhityika dhoraNe ja nahIM. che. potAnI maryAdAo ke zithilatAo para teo DhAMkapichoDo satyapUta jIvananA bRhata pariNAmamAM paNa karavuM joie. TI.esa. karatA nathI. satyapUta tATazyanuM ane karuNAprerita tAdAbhyanuM eliyace 'greTa poeTrI' nA saMdarbhamAM je kahyuM che te atre yAda karavuM rasAyaNa A AtmakathAnuM eka AkarSaNa banI rahe che. teo pote joIe. keTalIka ghaTanAomAMthI je rIte UgarI ke bacI zakyA temAM izvaranI - A AtmakathA gAMdhIjI alpAtmA' mAMthI 'mahAtmA' thayA - kRpAkaruNA ja kAraNabhUta hovAnuM mAne che. sattA-saMpattinA 'mohanadAsa'mAMthI 'satyAgrahI gAMdhIjI' thayA tyAM sudhInI emanI mAmalAomAM teo niHspRhitA tathA nirbhayatAthI varte che. ema utkrAntinI prakriyAne AvarI le che. ahIM gAMdhIjInA janmakALa karatAM satyanA zodhaka ne sAdhake, ahiMsAnA upAsake kevI kevI 02.10.1869thI mAMDIne bhAratamAM asahakAranI caLavaLa thaI kasoTIomAMthI kasAIne bahAra AvavuM paDe che tenuM vAstavika ne te (1920 nA arasAmAM) tyAM sudhIno ghaTanAkrama levAyo che. temAM sAthe preraka-mArgadarzaka nirUpaNa A AtmakathAmAM sAMpaDe che. gAMdhIjI mahadaMze kAlAnukramane anusarI (pR. 21), smaraNonA gerasamajaNanA bhoga thavuM paDe, anyAya veThavo paDe ane jAnahAni AdhAre je te ghaTanAomAMthI satyane hitakara evI ghaTanAonI sudhInAM jokhamono mukAbalo karavAno Ave topaNa sattva ne svamAna, varaNI karI tenuM yathArthataH nirUpaNa karatA jAya che. gAMdhIjIe saccAI ne sAtvikatA koI rIte na ja choDAya evo emano jusso jaNAvyuM che tema, satyanI zodha karatAM vividha vastuo potAnA A AtmakathA vAMcanArane anubhavavA maLe che. gAMdhIjInuM zANapaNa, jIvanamAM eka pachI eka anAyAse kema AvI rahI e teo A mAnavaprakRti tathA mAnavakRti vizenI emanI jANakArI tathA satya AtmakathAmAM batAve che. (sa.pra.pR. 453) mATenuM samarpaNa emanI A AtmakathAnA saM-racana tema ja saMcalanamAM gujarAtI sAhityanA pahelA uttama vivecaka navalarAma paMDyAe pravRtta vivekabuddhine kevAM upakAraka che ahIM joI zakAya che. caritrasAhityanA saMdarbhamAM zodha, satya, viveka ane varNanazakti - ApaNe gAMdhIjInI varNanazaktine sahRdayatAthI oLakhavAnI A cAra vAnAM Avazyaka hovAnuM nirdezya che. A AtmakathA to rahe.gAMdhIjIe prabhusevA jevI janasevA karatAM karatAM je kaMI gAMdhIjIe je kaMI potAne smaraNavaguM hatuM tenA AdhAre lakhI hoI vAMcyuM. vicAryuM ne lakhyuM tenA paripAka rUpe ApaNane 'gAMdhIjInA zodhano prazna ahIM pecIdo nathI. satya ahIM kendrasthAne che. A akSaradeha' nAM hajAro pRSTho maLyAM che. gujarAtI bhASAnA dasa AtmakathAno sthAyI bhAva satya ne mukhya rasa paNa satya hovAnuM uttama gadyakAromAM balavaMtarAya ka. ThAkora gAMdhIjInuM nAma gaNAve kahI zakAya. gAMdhIjInA AtmajIvanano rasa ahIM kramazaH vikasato che. gujarAtI sAhityanA caritrAtmaka ane nibaMdhAtmaka prakAromAM - vistarato satyajIvananA rasamAM parivartita thato pAmI zakAya che. gAMdhIjInuM nAmakAma mahattvanuM che ja. 'maMgala prabhAta', 'tyAgamUrti' A AtmakathA gAMdhIjInI jIvanasAdhanA - AtmasAdhanA - ane bIjA leko, A AtmakathA, emanuM vipula patrasAhitya, satyasAdhanAnA anubhavamUlaka AlekharUpa che. e rIte A AtmakathAne emanA keTalAka anuvAdo, emanuM patrakAratvanuM kArya jotAM teo ''gAMdhIjI - saMllita satyakathA'' kahI zakAya. svAdhikAre gujarAtI sAhityanA eka pratiSThita sAhityakAra to che ahIM satyane avikRta svarUpe rajU karavAnI gAMdhIjInI khevanA ja. vaLI gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhityane potAnA vyaktitva ane ne khAMkhata sAdyata joI zakAya che. satyavratA gAMdhIjInI jAgRti, vicArasargha dvArA prabhAvita karanArA ane tenI umadA sevA zikSaNa, sAvadhAnI ne cIvaTa ahIM prazasya che. gAMdhIjInI vivekazaktino sAhitya ane patrakAratva dvArA karanArA teo ananya saMskAranetA bahu moTo phALo A AtmakathAnI saphaLatAmAM hovAnuM lAge che. paNa kharA. emanA sAMskRtika netRtvamAM jema emanA zIlanI tema potAnA vizenI rajUAtamAM nyUnIti ke atyukti na thAya, kyAMya emanI kalamanI zaktino khyAla karavAno thAya ane tyAre sahajatayA kutsitatA ke abhadratA, vAMkadekhApaNAnI vRtti ke ahaMbhAva na ja emanuM A AtmakathAsarjana paNa yAda karavAnuM rahe ja. gujarAtI AvI jAya tenI pAkI takedArI lekhake sarvatra nibhAvI che. bALapaNamAM bhASAnI zuddhi ane zakti mATeno gAMdhIjIno udyama ApaNe sau khoTA mArge caDAvanAra mitrano nAmollekha teo TALe che. kastUrabAne jANIe chIe. emaNe emanI A AtmakathAmAM gujarAtI bhASAnA hAtha pakaDIne gharanI bahAra kADhI mUkavAnI gAMdhIjInI ceSTAmAM kauvata ane kAmaNanA aneka camakArA dAkhavyA che. gAMdhIjIe LoNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (135)

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emanAM pitAzrI ne mAtuzrI, kasturabAI, nArAyaNa hemacaMdra, AtmakathA bhale lakhAI 'navajIvana' sAptAhikamAM haptA rUpe rAyacaMdabhAI, bAlAsuMdaram, gopAlakRSNa gokhale jevAonAM suMdara ApavA, paraMtu e tenAM kalAtmaka guNalakSaNonA kAraNe praziSTa rekhAcitro ahIM sAdara karyA che, temanI prasaMgacitraNanI zakti A sAhityanI kRti paNa banI zakI che. emAM gAMdhIjInuM gadya kathana, AtmakathAmAnA 'corI ane prAyazcitta', 'vadhu hADamArI', 'eka varNana, saMvAda tema ja ciMtana - maMthana jevI vividha bhUmikAomAM puNyasmaraNa ne prAyazcitta' jevAM prakaraNomAM pragaTa thayelI joI potAnI avanavI AkarSaka chaTAo dAkhavI rahe che. gAMdhIjIe zakAya che. temanA kasAyelA gadyanuM teja "brahmacarya' vizenAM tema ja potAnI AtmakathAnI abhivyakti asarakAraka banAvavA mATe 'pUrNAhuti' jevAM prakaraNomAM varatAya che. gAMdhIjInI saMvedanazIlatA, taLapadA zabdo, rUDhiprayogo ane kahevatothI mAMDIne AlaMkArika emanI nirIkSaNazakti, mana-vacana-karmanI emanI ekarUpatA, zabdaprayogo - uktiprayogo sudhInI vANInI ghaNIbadhI sAmagrIno emanI svamAnabhAvanA ane kSamAzIlatA, sahiSNutA ane svasthatA lAbha lIdho che ne te paNa sAhityaveDA ke kavitAveDA dAkhavyA emanI sUkSma vicArabuddhi tathA taTastha nyAyabuddhi, vajUsadazya vagara. gAMdhIjIne vAgvikAsa iSTa che. vAgvilAsa kyAreya nahIM. satyaniSThA ane kusumakomaLa bhAvanAzIlatA - A sarvanuM ahIM teo potAnI AvazyakatA anusAra bhAMbharo', 'khoLAdharI', pathya ne prasannakara rasAyaNa siddha thayeluM AsvAdavA maLe che. gAMdhIjInuM 'bharanIMgaLa', 'tADana', 'murIda' jevA zabdo e 'bhramitacitta' svaccha ne spaSTa darzana emanI abhivyaktine paNa vizada ne ane 'suvarNanyAya' jevA samAso paNa vApare che. temanA keTalAka pAradarzaka banAvIne rahe che. uktiprayogonI sacoTatA ne sa-rasatA dhyAnamAM levA jevI che. gAMdhIjI samakSa emano eka cokkasa vAcakavarga che ja. e jema ke - vAcakavarganuM ahita na thAya enI sAvadhAnI A AtmakathAnI 'pAMca sAta varSa sudhI bArisTara korTamAM DhephAM bhAge to navAI lakhAvaTamAM satata anubhavAya che. kyAreka to vAcakane potAnA na gaNAya." (pR. 86) kaDavA anubhavathI cetavavAnuM kAma teo kare che. (pR. 27) kyAreka 'paNa tethI kaMI chokarAM ghughare rame?' (pR. 87). potAnA vAcako pAsethI nikhAlasa pratibhAvonI apekSA rAkhe che. 'ahIM to vage vAvaNAM thAya che." (pR. 90) (pR. 250) teo vAcakonA hitamAM zuM ApavuM ne zuM nahIM - te 'guno rAMka che.' (pR. 151) aMgeno viveka barobara jALave che. (pR.7) gAMdhIjInAM nAnAM moTAM 'vicAra mAtra vikAra che.' (pR.194) sarva kAryo mAnavajIvananAM utkarSane anulakSIne ja cAlatAM hatAM. 'vesTanA vivAha paNa ahIM ja UjavI lauM.' (pR. 286) emAM A AtmakathAlekhana paNa apavAda nathI ja. teo kalAvAdInI 'utAruM vacce ne pesanAra vacce phAga De, dhakkAmukkI cAle.' dRSTie nahIM, paNa jIvanavAdInI dRSTie A AtmakathAnuM nirUpaNa (pR.354) kare che. ema karatAM teo potAnA aMtaryAmInA doryA dorAvAnuM 'gAMdhIjInA anubhavamuM navanIta keTalIka uktione pasaMda kare che. teo lakhe che : vajanadAra ane sUtrAtmaka paNa banAve che, jema ke"- jyAre kathA lakhavAno AraMbha karyo tyAre mArI pAse kazI 'dharma eTale AtmabhAna, AtmajJAna.' (pR. 28) yojanA taiyAra nahotI. mArI pAse kaMI pustako, rojanIzI ke '... svAdanuM kharuM sthAna jIbha nathI paNa mana che.' bIjAM kAgaLiyAM rAkhIne huM A prakaraNo nathI lakhato. lakhavAnA (pR. 22) divase jema mane aMtaryAmI dore che tema lakhuM chuM ema kahI zakAya.... 'paNa satya vajra jevuM kaThaNa che ne kamaLa jevuM komaLa che." e aMtaryAmIne vaza vartAne A kathA huM lakhI rahyo chuM evI mArI (pR.137) mAnyatA che.' (sa.pra.pa. 255-6) 'zuddha hisAba vinA zuddha satyanI rakhevALI asaMbhavita che.' Ama zabda zabda satya sAthenuM anusaMdhAna jALavatAM jALavatAM (pR.140) A AtmakathAmAM je kaMI svAbhAvika saundarya AvI zakyuM che tenuM 'saMsAra e IzvaranI lIlAnuM sthAna che, tenA mahimAnuM pratibiMba mUlya ane AkarSaNa paNa prabaLa hovAnuM sau adhikArI vAcakone (pR. 188) pratIta thaze ja. ahIM govatsanyAye satyane anusaratAM AtmAnuM meM joyuM ke vrata baMdhana nathI, paNa svataMtratAnuM dvAra che.' sattvazuddha prasAdatattva sArA pramANamAM UtarI AvyAnuM anubhavAze. (pR. 190) A AtmakathA gAMdhIjI AtmacaritranA sarjaka tarIke kevI 'brahmacaryanuM saMpUrNa pAlana eTale brahmadarzana." (pR. 192) pAtratA ane kSamatA dharAvatA hatA teno supere khyAla Ape che. A 'viSayanAM mULiyAM manamAM rahelAM che." (pR. 193) AtmakathA haptAvAra lakhAyAthI tenA saMkalana-svarUpa tema ja 'manuSyanuM manuSyatva svecchAe aMkuzita banavAmAM che.' prakaraNonA Ayojana - svarupa para paNa asara paDI che. Ama A (pR. 293) 136) (satya- ahiMsA- aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018 che."

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'saMpUrNatA e kevaLa prabhuprasAdI che.' (pR. 294) racanAtmaka pradAna karanArA gAMdhIjInuM gadya satya ne ahiMsAnAM 'AdhyAtmikatA vinAno laukika saMbaMdha prANa vinAnA deha mUlyothI kasAyeluM - rasAyeluM che. emanA gadyanA saMvardhana - vikAsamAM samAna che." (pR.357) koI koI tabakke atratatra kAcApaNuM bhale varatAyuM hoya, sAthe 'satyAgraha AtmazuddhinI laData che, e dhArmika laData che.' sAcApaNuM to emAM anivAryatayA anubhavAnuM ja hoya. gAMdhIjInuM (pR. 422) gadya hetulakSitA ne hitalakSitA sAthe ja AgaLa vadhatuM jaNAya che. keTalIka vAra teo cAlatI kalame 'viSayanI UMgha', 'pAMkho gAMdhIjIe potAnA durvartanathI dubhAyelAM pitAjInuM ne kastUrabAInuM AvavA lAgI', asatyanuM jhera', 'AzAnuM meLavaNa', 'daMbhanI lAghavapUrvaka citrAtmaka darzana karAvavAmAM gadyane prabhAvaka rIte gaMdha', 'sudhArAnI kAMcaLI' jevA AlaMkArika tattvavALA uktiprayogo prayojI batAvyuM che. (dA.ta. "AMkhamAMthI motInAM biMdu TapakAvatI, kare che. kayAreka to alaMkAronI samucita madadathI potAnA vaktavyane hAthamAM vAsaNa jhAlatI, ane mane potAnI lAla AMkhothI Thapako dhAra ApatA - prabhAvakatA arpatA paNa jaNAya, jema ke - ApatI sIDIethI UtaratI kastUrabAIne huM Aje paNa cItarI 'sAsare gayelI navI vahunA jevI mArI sthiti thaI.' zakuM chuM.'' (sa.a.pU. rapa3-4). (pR. 86) gAMdhIjInI gadyazaktinA namUnA dAkhala keTalAMka udAharaNo 'A sAthIne rAkhavAmAM meM sAruM karavA bUrA sAdhanane sahyuM ahIM prastuta che : (sAhyuM?) hatuM. meM kaDavInI velamAM mogarAnI AzA rAkhI hatI." "paNa ghaNA AdhyAtmika prasaMgomAM, vakIlAtanA prasaMgomAM, (pR.151) saMsthAo calAvavAmAM, rAjyaprakaraNamAM, huM kahI zakuM ke 'mane 'sara phirojazA to mane himAlaya jevA lAgyA. lokamAnya Izvare bacAvyo che. jyAre badhI AzA choDIne besIe, baMne hAtha samudra jevA lAgyA. gokhale gaMgA jevA lAgyA. temAM huM nAhI zakuM. heThA paDe, tyAre kyAMka ne kyAMkathI madada AvI paDe che ema meM himAlaya caDAya nahIM. samudramAM DUbavAno bhaya rahe, gaMgAnI to anubhavyuM che. stuti, upAsanA, prArthanA e vahema nathI, paNa godamAM ramAya, temAM hADakAM laIne tarAya." ApaNe khAIe chIe, pIe chIe, cAlIebesIe chIe, e 165) badhuM jeTaluM sAcuM che, tenA karatAMye e vadhAre sAcI vastu che. e ja 'A nagArAM vacce mArI tUtIno avAja koNa sAMbhaLaze?" sAcuM che, bIjuM badhuM khoTuM che ema kahevAmAM atizayokti nathI.'' (pR. 210) AvI upAsanA, AvI prArthanA, e kaMI vANIno vaibhava 'taMtranI so jhaghaDo zobhe, taMtrInI sAme jhaghaDo karavo te nathI. tenuM mULa kaMTha nathI. hRdaya che. tethI jo ApaNe hRdayanI potAnI sAme karyA barAbara che, kema ke badhA eka ja pIMchIthI nirmaLatAne pahoMcIe, tyAM rahelA tArone susaMgaThita rAkhIe, to dorAyelA chIe, eka ja bahmAnI prajA chIe." (pR. 252) temAMthI je sUra nIkaLe che te sUra gaganagAmI bane che. tene sAru 'vartamAnapatra e bhAre zakti che. paNa jema niraMkuza pANIno jIbhanI AvazyakatA nathI, e svabhAve ja abhuta vastu che. dhodha gAmanAM gAma DUbAve che ne pAkano nAza kare che. tema niraMkuza vikArorUpI maLonI zuddhi karavAne sAru hArdika upAsanA jaDIbuTTI kalamano dhodha nAza kare che. e aMkuza bahArathI Ave to te che, e vize mane zaMkA nathI. paNa te prasAdIne sAru ApaNAmAM niraMkuzatA karatAM vadhAre jherI nIvaDe che. aMdarano aMkuza ja lAbhadAyI saMpUrNa namatA joIe.'' (sa.a.pU. 68). thaI zake.' (pR. 263) "kAThiyAvADa eTale nAnAM aneka rAjyono mulaka, ahIM 'zraddhALu AvAM mIThAM smaraNomAM jue che ke Izvara duHkharUpI mutsadIvarganI pAka to bhAre hoya ja. rAjyo vacce jhINI khaTapaTa, kaDavAM auSadho Ape che tenI ja sAthe maitrInAM mIThA anupAno paNa hodo jamAvavA sAru khaTapaTa, rAjAnA kAcA kAna, rAjA paravaza. Ape ja che." (pR.332-3) sAhebonA paTAvALAnI khuzAmata, zirastedAra eTale doDha sAheba, 'paNa patinA moharUpa suvarNapAtre satyane DhAMkyuM. kema ke zirastedAra e sAhebanI AMkha, tenA kAna, teno dubhASiyo. (pR. 355) zirastedAra dhAre te kAyado. zirastedAranI Avaka sAhebanI Avaka '... ne khAdI vaDe mahAsabhAe potAnuM anusaMdhAna hindustAnanA karatAM vadhAre gaNAtI.'' (sa.pra. pR. 92) hADapiMjaranI sAthe karyuM che.' (pR. 457) "evI UlaTuM, mArA moTA dIkarAne vize huM je duHkhada pariNAma 'royo" (pR. 13), 'cetyo' (pR. 67) jevAM eka zabdavALAM jouM chuM te mArA adhacakarA pUrvakALano pratidhvani che. ema mane vAkyo prayojanArA gAMdhIjI, rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAThaka kahe che tema, haMmezAM bhAsyuM che. te kALe tenI uMmara jene meM dareka rIte mAro 'TUMkA vAkyonA kaLAkAra' che. gujarAtI gadyanA ghaDatara vikAsamAM mUcchakALa, vaibhavakALa mAnyo che tenuM tene smaraNa rahe. tevaDI hatI. oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (137

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te kema mAne ke te mAro mUrchAkALa hato? te kAM na mAna ke, te kALa meLavavAnI potAnI Teva vize vAta karatAM lakhyuM che : mAro jJAnakALa hato ane te pachI thayelAM parivartano ayogya ane "mArI jIbha ke kalamamAMthI vicAryA vinA ke mApyA vinA mohajanya hatAM? te kAM ema na mAne che, te kALe huM jagatanA dhorI bhAgye ja koI zabda nIkaLe che.' (sa.a.vR.58) mArge jato hato ane tethI surakSita hato, ane tyArapachI karelA gAMdhIjInA vyaktitvamAM saMkulatA sAthe saraLatAno, saMpannatA pheraphAro mArA sUkSma abhimAnanI ane ajJAnanI nizAnI hatA? sAthe sAdAIno anokho samanvayayoga sadhAyelo pAmI zakAya che. jo mArA dIkarA bArisTara ityAdi padavI pAmyA hota to zuM khoTuM vastutaH to A AtmakathAmAM gAMdhIjInA jIvananI ghaTanAonA thAta?' mane temanI pAMkha kApavAno zo adhikAra hato? meM kAM saMdarbhamAM satya ane ahiMsAnI gatividhino jIvaMta Alekha prApta temane padavIo levA daI managamato jIvanamArga pasaMda karavAnI thAya che. gAMdhIjInA saMkula vyaktitvanA vividha raMgo ahIM je rIte sthitimAM na mUkyA? AvI dalIla mArA keTalAka mitroe paNa ughADa pAme che tenuM darzana ghaNuM saMtarpaka ane samutkarSaka lAge che. mArI pAse karI che.'' (sa.pra.pR. 184-5) satyArthI gAMdhIjInI prayogavRtti keTakeTalAM kSetromAM keTakeTalI rIte - "mArI ahiMsA sAcI toye kAcI che. apUrNa che. tethI mArI cAlatI rahelI tenuM ahIM dastAvejI citraNa maLe che. gAMdhIjInA satyanI hajAro sUraja ekaThA karIe topaNa je satyarUpI sUrajanA khorAkanA, mATI tema ja pANInA, sAdagInA, brahmacarya ane tejanuM pUruM mApa na maLI zake evA sUrajanA eka kiraNamAtranA satyAgrahanA, AzramI jIvana tathA keLavaNInA, vakIlAta ne darzanarUpa ja che. enuM saMpUrNa darzana saMpUrNa ahiMsA vinA azakya patrakAratvanA e rIte AtmasAkSAtkAra ne satyasAkSAtkAra mATenA che, eTaluM to huM mArA Aja lagInA prayogone aMte kahI prayogo - prayAsonuM ahIM bhAtIgaNa svarUpa sAMpaDe che. gAMdhIjIe pote ja kahyuM che ke 'jIvavAne khAtara jIvavuM mane kadI pasaMda ja nathI .... zuddha thavuM eTale manathI, vacanathI ane kAyAthI paDyuM.' (pR. 416) "azuddhAtmA paramAtmAnAM darzana karavA asamartha nirvikAra thavuM. rAgadveSAdirahita thavuM. e nirvikAratAne pahoMcavAne (pR. 4pa9) hoI temanI niraMtara mathAmaNa AMtarabAhaya saMzuddhinI pratikSaNa mathavA chatAM huM pahoMcyo nathI, tethI lokanI stuti mane rahI che. kizoralAla mazarUvALAno zabda prayojIne kahIe to bhoLavI zakatI nathI, e stuti ghaNI veLA DaMkhe che. mananA vikAro gAMdhIjInI AtmakathA emanA 'jIvanazodhana' nI kathA che. gAMdhIjIne jItavA jagatane zastrayuddhathI jItavA karatAMye mane kaThina lAge che. barobara khabara che ke Atmazuddhi vinA Atmazakti vikasatI nathI hindustAnamAM AvyA pachI paNa huM mArAmAM saMtAI rahelA vikArone ane Atmazakti vikAsa vinA satyanA vyApa ane sAmarthyano joI zakyo chuM. zaramAyo chuM, paNa hAryo nathI. satyanA prayogo sAco khyAla Avato nathI. manuSyanuM vyaktigata jIvana ane karatAM meM rasa lUMTayo che, Aje lUMTI rahyo chuM. paNa huM jANuM chuM ke jAherajIvana enA cAritra ke zIlanI zakti para nirbhara che ane mAre haju vikaTa mArga kApavAno che. tene sAru mAre zUnyavatu e zakti AtmajAgRti ne Atmazuddhi vinA AvatI nathI. Atmazuddhi banavAnuM che. manuSya jyAM sudhI svecchAe potAne sahuthI chello na dvArA ja samAjazuddhi sudhI pahoMcI zakAya. AtmabaLanA utkarSathI mUke tyAM lagI tenI mukti nathI. ahiMsA e namatAnI parAkASThA ja jIvana ane jagatanI mULabhUta zakti je satyasvarUpa che. e namatA vinA mukti koI kALe nathI e anubhavasiddha vAta paramAtmazakti che tenA amRtAnubhava sudhI pahoMcI zakAya. gAMdhIjInI che. e namatAnI prArthanA karato, temAM jagatanI madada cAcato A AtmakathA evo amRtAmubhava prApta karavA mATe manasA, atyAre to A prakaraNone baMdha karuM chuM.'' (sa.a.pR. 458-9) vAcA, karmaNA saMniSTha puruSArtha karanAra eka satyArthInI anubhavakathA gAMdhIjInA prastuta gadyakhaMDonI zabdapasaMdagI, arthavAhitA, banI rahe che. A kathA Ama to apUrNa che, paraMtu pUrNatA kevI hoI layAtmakatA, citrAtmakatA, lAghava, sacoTatA ne saraLatA vagerenI zake teno kaMIka aNasAra emAMthI jarUra pAmI zakAya ema che. dRSTie vizleSaNAtmaka taratapAsa karavAthI ja emanI gadyazaktinI gAMdhIjInA A AtmakathAmAM nirUpita prayogo satyanA prayogo khUbIono yathAtatha khyAla AvI zake. gAMdhIjInA gadyamAM hoI te jeTalA Aje teTalA bhaviSyamAMye tenI prastutatA dAkhavaze AzcaryavirAmo ne prazravirAmonA mukAbale pUrNavirAmonI upasthiti ema kahI zakAya. jema AjanI peDhIne tema bhaviSyanI peDhIone dhyAnamAM levA jevI che. je kaMI gAMdhIjI kahevA mAge che tenI paNa gAMdhIjInI A AtmakathAmAMnuM jIvanadarzana ghaNuM mArgadarzaka emanA cittamAM spaSTatA che. te barobara rIte sAmAne pahoMce e ane upayogI thaI zakaze ema kahI zakAya. mATenI emanI khabaradArI hoya che. tethI emanA gadyamAM pAradarzitA - vizadatA-saraLatA-sugamatA turata pratIta thAya che. emanI bIla, pUrNezvara phaleTsa, rajUAtarItimAM ekAgratA ane lakSyavedhatAnA guNo che. gAMdhIjIe gulabanI TekarA upara, amadAvAda - 380015 pote ja potAnI zabdonI karakasara tathA potAnA vicAro para kAbU phona naM. 09428181797 (138) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018)

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maMgaLa prabhAta' gAMdhIjInAM pAvanakArI pagalAMnI akSara lipi caMdrakAnta zeTha gujarAtI bhASA sAhityanA sevAnivRtta variSTa adhyApaka. pUrve gujarAtI vibhAga, gujarAta vidyApIThanA adhyakSa, kavi, nATyakAra, vArtAkAra, nibaMdhakAra, vivecaka, saMzodhaka, caritrakAra, anuvAdaka. A badhAM svaruponA 75 pustako prakAzita thayelAM che. hAla gujarAtI vizvakoza nirmANamAM kAryarata vyutpanna vidvAna ane ArUDha abhyAsI. dharmasaMsthApanArthe pratibaddha evuM paramatattva potAnuM kArya prabhAta'. asarakAraNa rIte thAya te mATe upayoga to potAnA sarjanano ja gAMdhIjInA jIvananuM - emanAM ciMtanamananadarzananuM, emanA kare che. bhagavAnanI zakti mAnavInA hajAro hAtha dvArA ja potAnI vAvyavahAra ane AcAranuM parama rasakendra to satya ja. satyane sahasabAhutA pratIta karAve che. te zakti sUrya-caMdra dvArA ja potAnI gAMdhIjIe potAnA samagra astitvathI ArAdhyuM che. prAmANika dRSTizaktino paraco karAve che. tenI virATa zaktino aMdAja paNa rIte jAtamahenatamAM hAthapagane - tanamanane rokIne jo satyane koI vAmananA aDhI pagale vizeSabhAve pratyakSa thayo hoya che. ArAdhyuM che to asvAdavatamAM jIbhane rokIneya satyane ArAdhyuM che! paramatattva enI A sRSTimAM kAryAnvita thavA koI ne koI mAnava- satyanuM ja zravaNa, satyanuM ja darzana, satyanuM ja kathana-kIrtana emAM mAdhyamanuM varaNa kare che. yuge yuge koI mAnavavibhUti dvArA e gAMdhIjIne svAtaMtrathIye adakero amRtAnaMda maLato rahyo che. 'maMgaLa eno kAryaprabhAva pragaTa karatuM rahe che. e rIte gAMdhIjI dvArA paNa prabhAta' emanA amRtAnaMdapAnanI anubhUtino samyaga Alekha e ja mahAtattvano kAryasaMcAra thayAnuM ApaNe mAnI zakIe. che. gAMdhIjI potAnA racanAtmaka kAryakramo, satyAgraho, vyAkhyAno porabaMdaramAM janmelo ne baeNrisTara thavA bhArata bahAra paDelo eka ne lekho dvArA- patrakAratva dvArA, kaho ke potAnA samagra vratamaya AdamI satyAgrahI tarIke utkrAnta thaIne svadeza parata Ave che; jIvana dvArA satyanA pUrNa sAkSAtkAra mATenuM je koThAyuddha khelatA satyano gaja TUMko nahIM karIne te potAnA alpAtmAmAM nihita rahyA tenI vAya vyuharacanA 'maMgaLa prabhAta'mAM pratyakSa thAya che. paramatattvanI bIjarUpa zaktinuM mahAtmA-rUpamAM thayeluM pariNamana gAMdhIjInuM 'maMgaLa prabhAta' to sarvodayano sadhiyAro Ape che; e (pariNati) pratyakSa kare che. A pariNAmana - pariNatinAM sagaDa maMgaLa prabhAta' satyarUpI sUryanArAyaNanAM - satyanArAyaNanAM hUMpha zodhavA mATe ApaNe 'hinda svarAja' ne 'maMgaLa prabhAta' jevAM ane prakAza apa rahe che. e 'maMgaLa prabhAta' "amArA jIvana I pustako jovAM ja paDe. AmAra bAnI' nI vAta kahenAra gAMdhIjInA zivasaMkalpanuM mAMgalyadhamI. gAMdhIjIe potAnA satyAgrahanA kAryakSetra tarIke bhAratane puruSArthanuM darzana karAvanAra bhomiyArUpa pustaka che. gAMdhIjInuM pasaMda karyuM tyAre hinda svarAja' nA e draSTAe hinda svarAjanA maMgaLa prabhAta' kevaLa zabdothI avataravAnuM nathI, e avataraze aSTA thavAnI satyAgraha-sAdhanAno zivasaMkalpa karI ja lIdho hato. zivasaMkalpaprerita vratamaya jIvananA mukta ane svastha saMcArathI. svadharme nidhanaM zreya:'- e gItAnirdiSTa vacanano anubhavabodha paNa A saMcAra kaI rIte pragaTe, kema ene AgaLa vadhArI zakAya tenI emaNe meLavI lIdho hato. aneka dharmagraMthonA - satyalakSI AcAra- rahasyakathA 'maMgaLa prabhAta'mAM che. jema sarva upaniSadonuM dohana te vicAranA graMthonI zraddhA-rasaprerita vAcane gAMdhIjIe potAnA bhagavadgItA, tema gAMdhIjInI sarva vicAraNAnuM saMdohana te maMgaLa manogarbhano barobara paripoSa karI lIdho hato. satyAmRta vyaSTi prabhAta' A lakhAyuM AzramavAsIo mATe - satyavatIo mATe. e tema ja samaSTijIvananI kevI saMjIvanI che tenI paNa temane pAkI rIte A 'maMgaLa prabhAta'. AzramavAsIo mATenI AcArasaMhitArUpa jhAMkhI thaI cUkelI hatI. saMsAravyavahAranA mAmalAomAM nyAya- paNa kharuM. mAonI 'reDa buka'thIye AnuM mahattva savizeSa che; kema satyanA pakSe vakIlAta karavA nIkaLelo A AdamI AMtarajIvananI ke emAM Atmahita sAthe, saMsAra samastanA zAzvata hitanI khAMkhata- adhyAtmajIvananI bhUmikAe paNa satya-dharmanI ja utkaTatAthI khevanA pragaTa thAya che. mAnavanA mULabhUta adhikAro darzAvatA vakIlAta karanAro - satyAgrahI banI rahyo hato. jIvanamAM satyanA yunonA khatapatrathI AnuM mUlya mahattva ochuM na aMkAya. A laghu prayogo karavA; eTaluM ja nahIM, e prayogonuM lokahitArthe satata pustaka mAnavakartavyonuM udghoSaNApatra che. jema manu bhagavAnanI varNana-prakAzana karatAM rahevuM emAM gAMdhIjIne potAnA svadharmanI "manusmRti', tema A "maMgaLa prabhAta' gAMdhI mahAtmAnI 'gAMdhIsmRti' sArthakatA samajAI. e samajaNanuM ja eka akSararUpa te maMgaLa che. oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (139

Page #140
nizA sAna 'maMgaLa prabhAta' kevaLa vAcanasukha mATenuM pustaka nathI. enI zake. (pR.11) corIonA mULamAM 'eThI IcchA' hovAnuM kevI sArthakatA te vAMcIne AcAramAM rUpAMtarita thAya emAM che. jIvananuM sacoTatAthI kahevAyuM che! (pR.16) 'talavAra zUranI saMjJA nathI, paroDha - sarvodayanuM savAra satya-dharma ja zakya che te A pustaka bIkanI nizAnI che' - e uktimAM sarasatA ne sacoTatAnuM sAyujya vAMcatA samajAya che. Atmodaya sAthe ja gAMdhIjI rASTrodaya thAya prasannakara che. "dharmandhatA ne divya darzana vacce uttara-dakSiNa jeTaluM ema vAMchanArA che. 'maMgaLa prabhAta' gAMdhIjInA vatamaya jIvananA aMtara che'mAM rUDhiprayoganuM baLa lekhe lAgyuM che. namatA' vizenA nicoDarUpa pustaka che. e emanI pariNata prajJAnA amRtaphaLarUpa lekhamAM samudra-bindunA rUpakAtmaka dRSTAMtathI gAMdhIjI potAnA muddAne che. emAMno dareka zabda satyanI AMce pAkelo lAge che. emAM sArI rIte vizada banAve che. gAMdhIjI TUMkAM vAkyonA kalAkAra gAMdhIjInI vANI zara jevI lakSyavedhI che. ahIM koI zuSka upadezakanI hovAnI rAmanArAyaNanI vAtanuM samarthana 'maMgaLa prabhAta'nI lakhAvaTa bhArekhamatA nathI. ahIM satyanA eka saMniSTha sAdhakanI ahiMsAmaya Dagale ne pagale ApI rahe che. maMgaLa prabhAta'nuM lekhana - snehamaya bhAvArdratA che. emAM RSivANInuM hIra ne heta che. AzramavAsIomAM prArthanAsamaye cetana reDavAnA AzayathI hoI emAMnA aneka vAkyo virala muktako rUpa na lAge to ja navAI; ahIM uddhodhanAtmakatAno sUra ('Tona') paNa varatAya. e rIte jema ke, A gadya pravacanonuM gadya che. svAminArAyaNanAM vacanAmRtonI 1. satya vinA koI paNa niyamanuM zuddha pAlana azakya che. paDache gAMdhIjInAM A vacanAmRto mUktAM gujarAtI gadyanA vikAsanI (maMgaLa prabhAta 1994, pR. 2) gatidizAno ughADa barobara pratIta thaI zake. 2. deha ApaNo nathI, te ApaNane maLeluM saMpetaruM che. (pR.6) maMgaLa prabhAte prArthanAsamaye A pravacano rajU karavA mATe 3. ahiMsA vinA satyanI zodha asaMbhavita che. (pR.6) lakhAyAM hoI 'maMgaLa prabhAta' nAma anvarthaka che. vaLI kAkAsAheba 4. ahiMsA eTale sarvavyApI prema. (pR.7) kahe che tema, 'ApaNA rASTrIya jIvanamAM jyAre nirAzAnI ghora 5. viSayamAtrano nirodha e ja brahmacarya che. (pR.9) | nizAnuM sAmrAjya phelAyuM hatuM te samaye je vratoe rASTrIya jIvanamAM 6. kevaLa satyanI, AtmAnI dRSTie vicAratAM zarIra paNa parigraha AzA, AtmavizvAsa, phUrti ane dhArmikatAnuM vAtAvaraNa utpanna che. (pR.18) karyuM te ja vratoe Akhare eka navI saMskRtinuM maMgaLa prabhAta zarU 7. abhaya amUrNa sthitinI parAkASThA che. (pR.21) karyuM.'' (pR.3) A saMdarbhe paNa "maMgaLa prabhAta' nAma sArthaka che. 8. jIvamAtranI sAtheno bheda maTADavo te aspRzyatA nivAraNa. A 'maMgaLa prabhAta' no prAraMbha satyathI thAya ane sAdhyarUpa (pR. 24) satya pachI turata ja sAdhanarUpa ahiMsAnI vAta thAya temAM aucitya 9. bALaka mAtAmAM samAya che. (pR. 27) che. satya mATenI prayogazALArUpa gAMdhIjInA jIvananA ane emanA 10.svataMtra dharma saMpUrNa che. (pR. 24) AzramanA mULamAM satya che. satya ja emanuM preraka-dhAraka ne vikAsaka 11.badhA dharma pratye samabhAva Ave to ja ApaNAM divyacakSu khUle. paribaLa che. paramezvara satya che e to kahevAtuM ja hatuM. e kathanane (pR.29) 'satya e ja paramezvara' evA kathanamAM palaTIne gAMdhIjIe ghaNo 12. namatA eTale huMpaNAno AtyaMtika kSaya. (pR.33) moTo krAntikArI parivartana sAdhyo che ema kahI zakAya. 13.svadharma eTale svadezI. (pR. 36) jema siMhaNanA dUdha mATe kanakapAtra joIe tema satya mATe 14.zuddha svArtha eTale paramArtha, zuddha svadezI eTale paramArthanI ahiMsA joIe. gAMdhIjIe ahiMsAno sUkSmatama artha karI utAvaLa parAkASThA. (pR.37) ke koInA mATenA durbhAvaneya hiMsA kahI che. temaNe to deha paranA 15.vata eTale aDaga nizcaya. (pR. 39) aghaTita kabajAneya hiMsAmAM ghaTAvyo che; kema ke jema varSAnuM pANI 16. Izvara pote nizcayanI, vatanI saMpUrNa mUrti che. (pR. 41) sarva mATe hoya tema manuSyadeha paNa Izvare sarvanA hita mATe ja - gAMdhIjInI 'maMgala prabhAta'mAMnI vANImAM saMtanI sahRdayatA Apyo che. e dehano kevaLa mamatvathI prerAIne upayoga karavo ne saccAInI ujjavaLatA che. emAM atratatra jarUrI alaMkAra, emAM hiMsAnuM tattva hovAnuM gAMdhIjInuM darzana che. gAMdhIjIe ahiMsAne rUDhiprayogAdi prayojAyAM che kharAM paNa te to vaktavyane sacoTatAthI sarvavyApI premanA arthamAM ja ghaTAvI che. ahiMsAmAM karUNAno ja rajU karavA; dA.ta. satyane gAMdhIjI sAbhiprAya pArasamaNi ne vistAra ja vistAra hoya. emAM vyApaka samabhAva ne sahAnubhUti kAmadhenunI upamA Ape che. (pR.2) tene ratnaciMtAmaNiye kahe che. gRhIta ja che. AvA svaccha uttama sAdhana dvArA sarvottama evA (pR.3) ahiMsA ne satyano saMbaMdha sikkAnI be bAju dvArA teo satyano cahero joI zakAya; Ama chatAM sadehe pUrNa ahiMsA zakya samajAve che. (pR.6) aneka prakAranA svAdo karAvI 'jIbhane kUtarI na hoI satyano saMpUrNa sAkSAtkAra paNa zakya nathI e gAMdhIjI karI mUkavAnI vAta anyathA ATalI vedhakatAthI rajU thaI nahIM samaje che ne tethI ja satya tathA ahiMsAnI sAdhanAne teo anaMta (140) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018)

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lekhe che. satyaahiMsAnuM AcaraNa AmaraNa karavAnuM rahe che ane ochI thAya temAM che ane ethI satya pratinI manuSyanI gatineya e rIte satyAgrahI mAnava-AtmA mATe to AmaraNa Acaravo paDe baLa ane utsAha prApta thAya che. aparigrahanI sAthe govatsanyAye evo e jIvanadharma-svadharma ja banI rahe che. asteyanuM vrata AvI rahe che. corI bAhya ane mAnasika hoI zake. - gAMdhIjI ahiMsAnI sAthe ja abhaya ane namatAne sAMkaLe che. corI jema vastunI tema vicAranIye hoI zake. ayogya bhogavaTAmAMye manuSyomAMno pazubhAga game tyAre vakarIne tene satyanA prazasta corI ja che. AvI corIonA mULamAM Asakti-eMThI IcchA - mArgethI bhraSTa karavAnuM jokhama pedA kare tyAre tenI sAme nizcayabaLe, rahI hoya che. temAMthI bacavuM-chUTavuM e satyalakSI ahiMsAnI sAdhanA aDagatAthI jhUjhavA mATe abhayanI anivAryatA che. abhaya dvArA mATe anivArya che. je ahiMsAvratadhArI che te na to bIjAnuM sattvasaMzuddhi sadhAya che. jeNe satyane khoLe mAthuM mUkyuM hoya tene aNahakka laI zake, na bIjAne je jarUrI hoya te lobhavRttithI koIthI ke kazAthI DaravApaNuM na hoya. aTala ne UMDI satyazraddhAmAMthI rAkhI zake. gAMdhIjInAM 'maMgaLa prabhAta'mAMnAM vrato vastutaH kAma, ja abhayanI zakti prabhave che. mAtra bAhya ja nahIM, AMtara krodha, lobha, moha, mada ane matsara sAmenA pratikAra rUpa yojAyAnuM ripuono paNa hiMmatathI saphaLa mukAbalo karavA mATe nirbhayatA turaMta varatAya che. kAma, moha sAme brahmacarya che. lobha sAme anivArya che. A nirbhayatA mamatvatyAge ja AvI zake. evI asteya, aparigraha che. krodha sAme ahiMsA che. mada-mastara sAme nirbhayatAthI sAcI zAMti maLI zake che. satyanI avikRta sAdhanA namatA che. A rIte gAMdhIjI-nirdiSTa vatAnuSThAnathI manuSya mATe abhayanI anivAryatA che ja. saccidAnaMdamaya paramAtmAno ja sAdhaka bhakta banI rahe che. je A satyavratanI samArAdhanA mATe saMyamadharmane zaraNe javuM ja satyavIra che tene kAmakrodhAdi sarpo kazuM karI zakatA nathI. paDe. manuSya jema premano sAthI banI zake tema verano hAthIye banI gAMdhIjInA jIvanavrato jema Atmonnati-Atmodaya sAthe tema zake. tenI zakti-kSamatA puNyamArga-paropakAra mATe prayojAya temAM ja avinAbhAvisaMbaMdhe sarvodaya sAthe saMlagna hovAnuM turata ja ja tenuM daivata che. saMyama mAnava-AtmAne rUMdhanAruM baMdhana nahIM, samajAya che. aparigraha ke asteya pALanAra sAmAjika-Arthika balake ene kharA arthamAM vikasavA mATeno avakAza ApanAruM vyavahAramAM samAnatA-baMdhutAno-AgrahI na thAya ema kema bane? muktibaLa che. jema kuzaLa zilpIno kara kalAdharma-saMyamadharme TAMkaNAne gAMdhIjInAM vrato parasparAvalaMbI che. e vratomAM ekAMgIpaNuM nathI. yogya rIte calAvI paththaramAM ISTa kalAdATa nipajAve che tema ja valayAkArI abhigame e vratono prabhAva svathI sarva sudhI vistarato manuSya saMyamadharmathI potAno ISTa AtmaghATa nipajAvavAno rahe lahAya che. je satyanuM - paramatattvanuM darzana sarvatra sarvamAM karato hoya che. A saMdarbhamAM saMyama dharmanA anvaye ja 'sandriyasaMyama'- brahmacarya te bhedabuddhi para nirbhara aspRzyatAne to kSaNArdha paNa calAvI laI ne asvAdavatanI sAdhanA prastuta bane che. jananendriya ne svAdendriyano zake nahIM. aspRzyatAne gAMdhIjI yogya rIte ja adharma lekhe che. saMyama sauthI vadhu kaThina che. e saMyama mATe manonigraha anivArya jIvamAtra sAthenA bhedanivAraNamAM teo aspRzyatAnuM darzana kare che. A manonigraha mATe ja vratadharma che. A vratadharma nabaLAIno che. nahIM paNa manuSyanI sabaLatAno nirdezaka che. gAMdhIjI to Izvarane gAMdhIjI jevA satyanA pUjArI jo potAnA satyane vaLagI rahe 'vatanI saMpUrNa mUrti lekhatA hoI enI ArAdhanAmAM saMyamadharmanuM to te sAthe sAmAnA satyane Adara Ape teya apekSita che. e rIte svaicchika paripAlana anivArya mAne che. jene eka vAra satyadharmanA samyaku svadharmapAlana mATeya sarvadharmasamAdara - sarvadharmasamabhAva - amRtarasano ISatuM sparza paNa mANavA maLe che te pachI viSayarasanI sarvadharmabhAva jarUrI che. sarvadharmasamabhAva satyane pAmavAnA vividha tucchatA, tenuM phikkApaNuM sahejeya pramANI zake che. mArgo hovAnI vAstavikatAne samudArabhAve svIkAravAnI vRttino - gAMdhIjI satya-ahiMsAnA dorane bajANiyAnI jema sAvadhatAthI saMketa che. gAMdhIjI to kahe che ke sarva dharma pratye samabhAva rAkhatAM sAcavIne ja vratadharmamAM AgaLa vadhe che. teo paramAtmAne ja divyacakSu khUle che ane satyano vyApaka sAkSAtkAra thAya che. aparigrahanI mUrti tarIke nihALe che ane e prakAranI vicAraNAnA gAMdhIjIno svadezI vratano khyAla mAtra khAdIkAMtaNa AgaLa sAtatyamAM ja deha paNa AtmAnI dRSTie parigraharUpa hovAnuM aTakato nathI. e khyAla vyApaka rUpe vizvadharma sAthe AdhyAtmika anubhave che. satyane aprastuta evuM je kaMI manuSyane vaLage temAMthI vikAsa sAthe anusaMdhAna pAmato vadhu gahana ane saMkula mukta thavuM e ja aparigraha, paramAtmA yogya samaye yogya vastu arthavibhAvanAno saMketa kare che. teo to svadharmamAMye svadezInuM manuSyane Ape ja che. tethI bhaya, adherya, ciMtA, zaMkA vagere sevavAM darzana kare che. (pR. 36) emanI dRSTie to deha paNa paradezI che. jarUrI nathI. emAMthI mukta thavAmAM ja sukha che. A rIte parigrahamAM (pR. 35) gAMdhIjI svadezIne yugadharma ('A yuganuM mahAvrata') jo ajaMpo, azAMti che to aparigrahamAM prasannatA ne haLavAza kahevA sAthe Atmadharma tarIkeya jue che. Ama gAMdhIjInI dRSTie che. khasuM sukha aparigrahamAM che; potAnI vaLagaNo ochAmAM svadezInI vatabhAvanA AtmabhAvanAthI vizvakuTuMbabhAvanA sudhI oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha) (141

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vistaravAnI ahiMsAtmaka AcArarItinuM ja bIjuM nAma che. thAya che ane eka saMvAdI akhaMDa sRSTinA saMvidhAnanuM lIlAmaya - gAMdhIjInI vatabhAvanAmAM jIvanadharma ne jIvananItinuM sarvAzleSI prasannakara rUpa UpasI-UbharI Ave che. gAMdhIjI paNa e rUpanA valaNa anucUta hovAnuM pratIta thAya che. emAM vyaSTi tema ja ja parama sAdhaka rahyA che. emanI jIvanasAdha samaSTijIvananA samatola vikAsano Azaya varatAya che. gAMdhIjI mAnavasAdhanA paNa pelA prasannakara satyarUpa vibhudarzananI utkaTa tana-mananA yugapatu vikAsane tAke che emanuM lakSya mAnavajAtanA ne ekAgra mathAmaNanuM ja bIjuM nAma che. e mathAmaNanA saMkSiptasarvAgI sukhavikAsanuM che. tethI jIvana ane jagatane naravuM saundarya sadhana-sacoTa vRttAMta rUpe 'maMgaLa prabhAta'no mahimA che. "maMgaLa arpI zake evI sarva vicAradhArAo ane AcArapraNAlIonA prabhAta' nI vAta 1930mAM jyAre e rajU thaI tyAre jeTalI prastuta teo uttama samanvayakAra tarIke upasthita thAya che. temaNe temanA hatI teTalI, kadAca tethIye vadhAre Aje prastuta lAge che ane vacakramAM jAtamahenatane sthAna ApyuM ane e rIte gItA-nirdiSTa AvatIkAleya enI prastutatA TakI raheze ema mAnavAne majabUta yajJabhAvanAnuM - sevAbhAvanAnuMye gaurava karyuM. kudaratane - paramAtmAnA kAraNo che. jeTalI prastutatA satya ane ahiMsAnI eTalI ja sarjanakarmane bane teTalI ochI khalela paDe e rIte jIvatAM zIkhavuM prastutatA A "maMgaLa prabhAtanI. gAMdhIjInAM pAvanakArI pagalAMnI emAM gAMdhIjIne mAnava-AtmAnI uttamottama kaLAnuM darzana thAya e akSara lipi pratyeka vAcane ApaNane navA navA arthasaMdarbho che. satya ja jIvanacakra ne saMsAracakranI dharI che. e dharIne oLakhI, prati prere eTalI sattvazIla ne zreyaskara che. vaLavI, ene jarAye hAni na thAya ema jIvavuM ne AgaLa vadhavuM emAM ja gAMdhIjIne svadharma-Atmadharma ne mAnavadharmanI sArthakatA bI,9, pUrNezvara phaleTsa, jaNAya che. manuSya saMyamadharme karIne ja potAnA daivatano dIvo gulabanI TekarA upara, pragaTAvI enA ajavAzamAM Atmahita- parahita sAdhavAnuM rahe amadAvAda - 380015 che. satyanA gahana-vyApaka prakAzamAM dekhItA aneka virodhonuM vigalana phona naM. 09428181797 Mahatma Gandhi with Sardar Patel, 1946 142 (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018

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virala karmayogI : mahAtmA gAMdhI mRdulA mAraphatiyA, senTa jheviyarsa koleja, muMbaInA saMskRtanA prophesara, vidvAna, vallabha vedAMta para pIeca.DI. karyuM che. dasa mukhya upaniSada saMpAdita karyA che. jene gUrjara graMtharatna kAryAlaye prakAzita karyu che. niyamitarUpe janmabhUmipravAsImAM lakhe che. gAMdhIjI ane gItA para vyAkhyo Ape che. gAMdhIjInA AdhyAtmika vArasaputra gaNAtA vinobAjIe, gaNIe chIe. tene ApaNA rojiMdA jIvanamAM cokkasapaNe UtArI samagra vizvane bhArate karelI adbhUta deNa vize, atyaMta mananIya zakIe - ahIM ApaNA vedavAbhayamAM AvatA 'zAMtipATha mAMhenI evI vicAradhArA rajU karI che. aMgrejonA zAsanakALa daramiyAna, vaicArika ratnakaNikAnuM smaraNa thayA vinA na rahe! aitareya upaniSadamAM parAdhInatA, anyAya, atyAcAra ane gulAmImAM sabaDatI bhAratanI Avato RgvadIya zAMtimaMtra kahe che : 'OMvA manasipratiSThitI AmajanatAne tenA sadbhAgye rAjA rAmamohana rAya, nyAyamUrti mano vAritiSThitam | ItyAdi. artha che ke he saccidAnaMdasvarUpa rAnaDe, rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa, vivekAnaMda, zrI araviMda ghoSa, svAmI paramAtmA | mArI vANI manamAM pratiSThita thAo. mAruM mana dayAnaMda, ramaNa maharSi, lokamAnya tilaka, TAgora ane mahAtmA vANImAM pratiSThita thAo.' ahIM mana ane vANInI ekasUtratA gAMdhI jevA asaMkhya ucca koTinA pratibhAzALI mahApuruSo jovA siddha karavA aMgenI prArthanA che. sAmAnyataH manuSyanA manamAM maLyA, jemaNe potapotAnI svataMtra vicArasaraNI dvArA duniyAbharanA kAMIka hoya che... ane te bolato hoya che tadana vegaLuM ja! ahIM sAmUhika vicAramAM avanavI utkrAnti sarjI. Adhunika jamAnAmAM sAdhaka potAnAM hRdayanI Araju vyakta karatAM kahe che ke he prabhu! bhAratanI saMskRtinI vizvabharane A adbhuta evI deNagI che. tuM mArA mana ane vANI vacce eka nirAmaya samanvaya sadhAya evuM AmAM paNa, rAmakRSNa paramahaMse ApelI sarvadharma samanvaya kara-jethI mArA vicAra saMkalpa temaja vANI vacana e baMne zuddha ane sarva upAsanAonA samanvayanI je eka navIna draSTi ApI rahIne aikya sAdhe - TUMkamAM kahIe to ahIM mananAM vicAra taraMgo te ati mahattvanI deNa che. duniyAmAM jeTalA dharmo che, te sarve ane tenI zAbdika abhivyakti vacce bheda na rahevo joIe, eka ja paramatattva tarapha laI janArA judAjudA mArgo che, eTale apitu samanvaya sadhAvo joIe, evuM sUcana che. kUTa-kapaTa, DoLa, emanI vacce koI virodha nathI; tethI pote mAnI lIdhelo svIkArelo jUTha, asatya ItyAdino tyAga yA niSedha... e ja to gAMdhIjI ekamAtra dharma ja sAco che ane bIjA badhA dharmo khoTA che, evo upAsita 'satya'mAM samAviSTa bhAva nathI zuM? - AthI kahI zakAya durAgraha sevavo te khoTuM che, A saMdeza ApIne temaNe aneka dharmo, ke bhAratIya saMskRtimAMthI pedA thayelI A satyAgraha (satyanA bhASAo, jAtio vagere vaccenA jhagaDAnuM nirmUlana karavAno Agraha)nI ane tenI aMtargata ja rahelI ahiMsAnI aNamola makkama prayatna karyo hato. bhAvanAnuM prakAzana gAMdhIjI dvArA thayuM. gAMdhIjInuM A satyAgrahabIjI deNa che zrI araviMdanI - jemaNe AtmadarzanathI ye darzana e samagra vizvane thayeluM eka amUlya yogadAna kahI zakAya. AgaLa vadhIne, cittanAM uparanAM staromAM jaIne paramAtmAnI bhArate duniyAbharane karelI cothI deNagI eTale vinobAjIno anubhUti pAmyA bAda, pharI nIce utarIne e alaukika anubhUtimAM 'sAmyayoga' sarve bhUtaprANIomAM AvAsa karanAra AtmA ekameva samagra vizvane lapeTI laIne tethIya adhika uparanA atimAnasa che - eTale ke je AtmA tamArAmAM vase che te ja mArAmAM, ane stara para caDhAvavAnI anokhI vAta karI. te ja anya sarvakoImAM vasavATa kare che evI AtmakyanI aupaniSada A ja yugamAM bIjI eka atyaMta mahattvanI khoja thaI te bhAvanAne vinobAe puna:prasthApita karI. vaLI, A 'sAmya' 'satyAgraha' nI. vyaktigata temaja samagra samaSTine lagatI arthAtuM samatva e kAMI mAtsarya IrSAthI prerAIne, kheMcatANa karIne samasyAonA ukela mATe "satyAgraha' ja eka sudaDha upAya che, jabaradastIpUrvaka keLavAya nahIM, balake te karuNA-mUlaka hovuM jarUrI evo abhUtapUrva saMdeza gAMdhIjIe potAnA vANI-vicAra-AcAra che. sau koI pratye karuNA anukaMpAne kAraNe premapUrvaka upajatI dvArA sArI duniyAne Apyo. prAcIna bhAratavarSanA AdhyAtmika samatAnI bhAvanA eTale karuNA-mUlaka sAmya' ApaNI pAse je jIvana-mUlyo to gAMdhIjIne temanI gaLathuthImAM ja prApta thayAM hatAM kAMI dhanadolata, buddhi, zakti vagere che e badhuMye IzvarI dena che - ane te nakkara pAyA upara gAMdhIjIe ahiMsAmUlaka satyAgrahanuM ema mAnIne teno upayoga vyaktigata sva-arthe nahi, apitu bhavya maMdira caNyuM, ema kahI zakAya. vaLI, temaNe e hakIkta para samAjane caraNe samarpita karavAnI udAtta bhAvanA A 'karuNAbhAra mUkyo ke je AdhyAtmika mUlyone ApaNe dhyeya' ke 'lakSya' rUpa mUlaka sAmya'mAM samAyelI che. (oNkaTobara- 2018, prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (143)

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uparyukta cAra viziSTa vicAro e A jamAnAmAM bhArate vizvabhara vaicArika-samRddhine dIdheluM mahattvanuM yogadAna che. Ama, atyAra sudhI pUjA-upAsanAdimAM ja sImita rahela bhaktimAM have sevAkArya pragaTa thayuM, temaja kevaLa ciMtana-manana pradhAna vedAMtamAM suddhA mAnavasevAnI umadA vAtanuM joDANa thayuM te rAmakRSNa paramahaMsanI preraNAne kAraNe. A samanvayane AgaLa vadhAratAM, gAMdhIjIe eka sAcA karmayogInI adAthI temAM utpAdaka parizrama (productive labour) nuM tattva joDayuM. Ama vedAMta, bhaktimArga, sevA, utpAdaka karmayoga - e badhuM jyAM samanvita thaI gayuM, tyAM bhAratIya saMskRti sarvocca samanvaya thaI gaI ane te mahAtmA gAMdhI jevA virala satyopAsaka evA mahApurUSanI ekaniSThAne kAraNe. Aje 2jI okTobare temanA janma-dina nimitte ApaNA rASTrapitAne natamastaka praNAma che. num puSpaka epArTamenTa, aTamAunTa roDa, muMbaI gAMdhIjInA thaI gayA pahelAM huM krAMtikArI daLamAM hato. krAMtikArI netAonI dezabhakti ujjvaLa hatI. tyAga ane balidAna mATe teo haMmezAM taiyAra rahetA. phAMsIe caDavAnI taiyAra. paNa aMgrejono mukAbalo karavo hoya to ApaNI taiyArI keTalI hovI joIe, eno hisAba netAo pAse nahoto. lokAgRti mATe zuM karavuM joIe, eno aMdAja emanAmAM na hato. sarakAre netAone sakhata sajAo karI, ane kaThoratAthI prajAne dabAvI dIdhI. meM joyuM ke koI paNa rAjadvArI pakSanI asara janatA para khAsa dekhAtI nathI. loko asaMtoSa keLave che, paNa zakti keLavatA nathI. mArA para vedAMtano prabhAva hato. saMtasAhityano paNa prabhAva hato. dezamAM kazuM nakkara karavAnI AzA jyAre dekhAI nahIM, tyAre AdhyAtmika preraNA meLavavAnI ane prajAya oLakhI enA para asara karavAnI yogyatA maLe e icchAthI huM himAlayamAM gayo. himAlayamAM kudaratI bhavyatAnAM darzana karatAM karatAM huM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA tarapha vaLyo. paNa eka saMkalpa mane bAkInuM jIvana pUruM karavA pAcho laI Avyo. e saMkalpa hato bhAratamAtAnI svataMtratAno. bhAratamAkAne gulAmImAMthI mukti na maLe tyAM sudhI mane potAne mokSa maLe toye mAre e mANavo nahoto. mArAmAM eka vicAra majabUta thayo hato ke samasta prajAmAM rASTrIya keLavaNI dvArA AdhyAtmika teja pedA karyA vagara prajAkIya utthAna zakya nathI, e arasAmAM ravIndranAtha ThAkuranA keLavaNI-viSayaka ane AdhyAtmika vicArono raMga paNa mane lAgyo hato. meM ravibAbune patra lakhyo ke, "huM rASTrIya zikSaNanA premI chuM. cAra-cha mahinA zAMtiniketamAM rahI ApanA zikSaNanA AdarzanuM ane patinuM adhyayana karavAnI mArI icchA che.'' ravibAbuno tarata javAba AvyoH ''Avo'' 1951 mAM gAMdhIjI AphrikAthI hiMdustAnamAM AvyA, ane zAMtiniketanamAM huM emane maLyo. emanI sAthe ghaNI carcA karI. emAM meM kahyuM : ''ApanI tejasvitA ane kAryakuzaLatAthI huM prabhAvita thayo chuM. paNa ahiMsA dvArA bhAratane svarAjya maLI zakaze, e vize vizvAsa besato nathI. dezane gulAmImAMthI mukta karavA mATe zastrayuddha paNa karavuM paDaze, ema huM mAnuM chuM.'' gAMdhIjIe eTaluM ja kahyuM, ''tame mArI pAse Avo. huM Azrama kholavAno chuM, emAM raho. mArI kAryapaddhati samajI lo. vizvAsa jAme to raho, nahIM to mane choDIne cAhyA jAva.'' chelle meM dalIla karI, ''ahiMsA pratye mArA manamAM Adara che. huM alpamatImAM chuM. tamArA jevAno tyAga karuM, to mane sevaka kyAMthI maLavAnA? ahiMsAnI zakti vize tamArAmAM vizvAsa pedA karavo, e mAruM kAma che.'' e javAbathI huM mAta thayo. mArA krAMtidaLanA sAthI kRpAlAnI te vakhate mujhaphpharapuranI kaoNlejamAM adhyApaka hatA. meM tAra karIne emane paNa gAMdhIjIne maLavA bolAvI lIdhA. emaNe paNa gAMdhIjI sAthe khUba carcA karI. vAMkAcUkA aneka prazno pUchyA. gAMdhIjIe emane vyavasthita javAbo ApyA. kRpAlAnIe chelle kahyuM, 'huM itihAsano adhyApaka chuM ahiMsA dvArA rASTra svataMtra thayAno eka paNa dAkhalo mane manuSya jAtinA itihAsamAM maLyo nathI.'' 144 jANe koI sAmAnya vAta bolatA hoya ema gAMdhIjIe atyaMta namratApUrvaka, paNa teTalA ja AtmavizvAsathI, uttara dIdhoH '"tame itihAsa zIkhavanArA cho, huM itihAsa ghaDanAro chuM. ahiMsaka pratikAra dvArA ApaNe bhAratane svarAjya meLavI ApIzuM. pachI itihAsanA adhyApako enA para vyAkhyAno Apaze.'' kRpAlAnI paNa mArI peThe gAMdhInA thaI gayA. satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka oNkTobara- 2018

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garavA gujarAtI rameza ema. trivedI vallabha vidyAnagaranI nalinI- araviMda ArTasa kaoNlejanA pUrva adhyApaka ane TI.vI. paTela juniyara kolejanA AcArya. cArutara vidyAmaMDaLanA pUrva sahamaMtrI, vivecaka, saMpAdaka ane uttama anuvAdaka, sAhityavivecana ane saMzodhana-saMpAdananAM aneka pustako, saguru zivAya subramunisvAmInA 'Hinduism's Contemporary Metaphysics' nA traNa hajAra pRSThamAM vistarelA trama khaMDone gujarAtImAM utAranAra, A varSe rASTrapitA gAMdhIjInI 150mI janmajayaMtI Ave AtmazraddhA ane saMkalpabaLa thakI teoe laData calAvI. ahIM ja che te nimitte e puNyapuruSanA jIvanakAryanuM smaraNa karI, temAMthI temane laDatamAM nirAza thavAne badale, AkArelI yojanAne draDhatApUrvaka pratyekane zakya AcaraNa karavAnI taka sAMpaDI che. vaLagI rahevAnI jarUriyAta samajAI hatI. satya, premanI bhAvanA sAmAnya rIte gAMdhIjIne dezavAsIo mATe svataMtratA lAvI uparAMta sthAnika lokomAM temaja pratipakSI aMgrejI adhikArIonA ApanAra, eka netA tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che, paraMtu temanA dilodimAgamAM paNa kyAreka jhaLakI jatI sArapanI bhAvanAvyaktitvanAM bahuvidha pAsAM che. rASTranI svataMtratA mATenI laData mAnavacAritranA nihALelA A umadA guNanI nikhAlasatApUrvaka daramiyAna potAnA vicAro loko sudhI pahoMcADavA temaNe patrakAratvanA temaNe lIdhelI noMdha gAMdhIjIne umadA cAritryanA mAnavI gaNavA kSetramAM praveza karyo hato.' 'inDiyana opiniyana', 'navajIvana', prere che. 'yaga inDiyA ane pachIthI 'harijanabaMdhu' mAnA temanAM lakhANo dakSiNa AphrikAnAM varSo daramiyAna je laData cAlI temAMthI temanA vicArone pUrepUrA pragaTa kare che. gAMdhIjInuM akSarasAhitya 'satyAgraha' zabdanI ApaNane bheTa maLe che. temaNe dakSiNa AphrikAmAM vipala che. so uparAta graMthomAM saMpAdita - prakAzita thaIne e calAvelA satyAgrahane 'sauthI zuddha ane saphaLa ' gaNAvyo che. e vicArarAzi ApaNane upalabdha thayo che. paradezI zAsana sAme vAhana L zAsana sAma zabdanI samaja ApatAM teo kahe che ke, "pesiva rejhisTansa' mAM temaNe cheDelAM jaMganA bhAgarupe janatA samakSa racanAtmaka kAryakramo premabhAvane avakAza nathI jyAre satyAgrahamAM verabhAvane avakAza paNa temaNe ApyA hatA. eka udAharaNa tarIke mAtRbhASAnA nathI. "A ja to temanuM 'darzana' che!' satya, ahiMsA ane premanI zikSaNa mATe temaNe jagavelI bhAvanAne ApaNe bhUlavI na joIe. trividha upalabdhi e rIte sArthaka banI che. hindustAnanI janatAne emAM mAtRbhASAnI sevA karavAnuM nimitta emaNe sthApelI gujarAta parAdhInatAnI nidrAmAMthI jAgRta karavAmAM, anyAya sAme svamAnapUrvaka vidyApITha banI hatI. vaLI 'joDaNIkoza' nuM upADeluM bhagIratha tema chatAM ahiMsaka mArge laData ApavA ane e thakI svarAjaprAptinA kArya paNa A bhASAsevAno ja eka bhAga che. mukAma tarapha dorI javAmAM e 'tapazcaryA' upakAraka nIvaDI.' vaDIlAtanA abhyAsa mATe teo vilAyata gayA hatA. vakIlAtanA cheka 1910mAM temaNe 'hiMda svarAja' nAmanI pustikA pragaTa vyavasAya mATe temane dakSiNa AphrikA javAnuM thayuM. A banne prasaMgoe karI. tenI tarapha AkhA vizvanuM dhyAna kheMcAyuM hatuM. prastAvanAmAM teo bAhya duniyAnA saMparkamAM AvyA. je emanA jIvanaghaDatarano teo kahe che ke, 'A pustaka lakhavA pAchaLano uddeza' mAtra dezanI agatyano aMza che. vilAyatamAM tyAMnA loko sAtheno saMparka, temanI sevA karavAno ane satya zodhavAno ane te pramANe vartavAno che. raheNIkaraNI ane vicArakSetra para asara karanArAM nIvaDyAM. emanA sevA, satya tathA AcaraNa vize gAMdhIjInA A vicAro jIvanabhara jIvanaghaDatarano jANe ahIMthI prAraMbha thayo. dakSiNa AphrikA jatI preraka banI rahyA. pustakanA mathALAnI samaja ApatAM prathama to veLAe AraMbhathI ja temane raMgadveSanI bhedabhAvabharI nItinA teo kahe che, "ApaNI upara ApaNe rAjya bhogavIe te ja bhoga banavAnuM thayuM. dakSiNa AphrikAmAM badhuM maLI teo be dAyakA svarAja che, ane e svarAja ApaNI hatheLImAM che, tathA 'svarAja jeTalo samaya rahyA hatA. paraMtu 1902 thI 1914 nAM chellAM bAra eTale potAnuM rAja' ema kahyA pachI 'hiMda' zabdanI spaSTatA kare varSo temanI AkarI tapazcaryAnAM rahyAM hatAM. 'misTara gAMdhI ke che ane kahe che ke hiMdanuM svarAja hoya to "AvuM' hoya. AgaLa 'mohanadAsa gAMdhI' mAMthI 'mahAtmA' banavA taraphanI gatinAM e ' jatAM kahe che ke 'A copaDI' 'vaiSadharma'nI jagyAe 'premadharma' zIkhave varSo bhUmikArUpa banyAM. e kharA arthamAM kasoTIkALa hato. anyAya sAme, anyAyI kAyadAo sAme laDavA mATe sthAnika prajA ane tyAM ' che.'' 'hiMsA ne sthAne "Apabhoga'ne mUke che ane pazubaLa' nI vasatA hindIone vizvAsamAM laI emaNe savinaya kAnUnabhaMganuM je sAme 'AtmabaLa' nI himAyata kare che. zastra ahiMsaka mArga dvArA ajamAvyuM. anyAyI kAyadAo sAme parataMtratA uparAMta relve, pArlAmenTa, aMgrejI bhASA, dharma, oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (145

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gAya vagere muddAo vize temaNe spaSTa abhiprAyo A pustakamAM svarUpa samajyA nathI.... vagere. khAMDIbhara carcA karatAM adhoLabhAra ApyA che. vAcaka ane adhipati vacce saMvAdarUpe mukhyatve thayelA AcaraNamAM teo mAne che. tethI ja kahe che, mArA vicAro khoTA A lakhANamAM gAMdhIjInuM krAMtikArI 25 jovA maLe che. raskina, nIvaDe to tene pakaDI rAkhavAno mane Agraha nathI.... "mArA be TaoNlsTaoNya temaja anya vicArokonA vicArono temanA upara prabhAva vicAromAM aMtara jaNAya to pAchaLanA lakhANane pramANabhUta che. alabatta, je samaye A pustaka pragaTa thayuM te samaye deza ane mAnavuM.... vagere. temanA vicAro maulika ane dUraMdezIvALA hatA.' videzamAM tenA gherA pratyAghAta paDelA. dA.ta. 'aNaghaDa lakhANavALuM' 'hiMda svarAja' vize cheka 1945 mAM paNa teo kahI zake che ke 'mUrakha mANasanI kRti', 'avAstavika lakhANa', 'rAjanaitika dabANa 1909 mAM hiMda svarAjamAM meM je kaMI lakhyuM tenI satyatAnI puSTi lAvavAno hetu...' vagere. jo ke tene AvA paNa pratisAda sAMpaDyA mArA anubhavothI thaI che.' hatA. 'prabhAvaka pustaka', 'bhAratanA bhAvi mATe ujjavaLa AzA gAMdhIjI svabhASAnA-mAtRbhASAnA himAyatI hatA. A temanuM samAna', 'tatkAlIna samasyAonA ukela mATenA vicArone lIdhe sarvaprathama pustaka che. gujarAtImAM lakhyA pachI ja temaNe teno agatyanuM pustaka, nAnakaDI copaDI nahI paNa graMtha', 'bhAratapremI aMgrejImAM anuvAda Apyo hato. tarkabaddha dalIlo sAmenAnA dilane kavi nuM svapna'.... vagere. sparzI jAya che. Aveza, vAcALatA, zailIvilAsa, zabdonI ramata A pustakamAM temanA vicAra jagatane bhASAnuM baLa sAMpaDayuM vagereno sadaMtara abhAva ane tene badale viSayane saraLa zabdomAM che. teo rAjakAraNanA mANasa na hatA. hindanI gulAmIno spaSTa karatI pravAhI, niralaMkAra bhASA kAryasAdhaka nIvaDe che. saMdarbha Avato chatAM samAjakAraNamAM temane vizeSa rasa che. vaikalpika bolacAlanA zabdo, pracalita rUDhiprayogo, viSayane anurUpa sacoTa mAnavIya saMskRti UbhI karavAno temano Udeza hovAne lIdhe e draSTAMto, bhArekhama thayA vagaranI tarkabaddha dalIlo vagerethI 'gAMdhIzailI' lakhANamAM mAnavajIvana ane saMskRtinA mULabhUta prazno carcAyA che. pragaTe che. bhASAsvarupa mAraphate vaicArika krAMtinA saMdarbhamAM joIe kharekhara to emAM 'gAMdhIdarzana' pragaTa thAya che. carcA, tarkabaddha to, gujarAtImAM te samaye pravartamAna paMDita yugane "alavidA' dalIlo, jhINavaTa bharI rajUAta ane aMtaranA UMDANamAMthI AvatA karatI jANe gAMdhIyuganI uSA pragaTAvatI bhASAnI emaNe bheTa temanA anubhavo vAcakone temanI sAthe saMkaLAvA prere che. kyAMya dharI che, ema kahI zakAya. AtyaMtikatA nathI. juo huM yaMtrono virodhI nathI. virodha yaMtro gAMdhIjInuM dakSiNa AphrikAthI hindustAnamAM Agamana thayuM e sAme nahIM, yaMtronI ghelachA sAme che. mAro Azaya yaMtronI maryAdA ghaTanAne kavivara ravindranAtha TAgora sacoTa rIte A zabdomAM AMkavAno che. relvee hiMdanA lokone eka karyA nathI. teo to te varNavI che. 'kharAkharInI ghaDIe mahAtmA gAMdhI AvI pahoMcyA pahelAM paNa eka ja hatA. pachIthI bheda paDyA.' 'gAyane pUju chuM ane bhAratanA karoDo nirAdhAra kaMgAlone bAraNe jaI UbhA evA tema mANasane paNa pUju chuM.' sau potapotAnA dharmane vaLagI rahe ja veze ane emanI vANImAM ja bolatA. premano e avatAra jevo pachI kajiyo nA thAya. hindustAnane gulAma banAvanAra to ApaNe bhAratanA UMbarAmAM AvI Ubho tevuM phaTAka karatuM bAraNu UghaDI aMgrejI jANanArA chIe.' 'pArlAmenTa vAMjhaNI che, prajAnuM ramakaDuM gayuM. gAMdhIjI lokanetA hatA, tethIye vizeSa to teo jJAtiche. prajAne bahu kharcAmAM nAkhe che.' 'aMgrejI gAMsaDI bAMdhIne cAlyA jAtinA bhedabhAva sivAya manuSyamAtrane cAhanArA 'vaiSNava jana' jaze to kaMI hindustAna rAMDaze tema jANavAnuM nathI.' hatA. janatAmAM temane akhUTa zraddhA hatI. AtmabaLa, tyAgabhAvanA, 'hindustAna aMgreje lIdhuM tema nathI, paNa ApaNe temane dIdhuM temanI samudAra dRSTi, emanI asIma nirbhayatA, parama tattvanI che. hindustAnamAM teo potAnA baLe nathI TakI rahyA, paNa ApaNe temanI khoja ane tenA sAkSAtkAra mATenI emanI samarpaNabhAvanA, teone rAkhyA che.' vagere Ama 'svarAja' zabda rAjakIya janatA-janArdanamAM ekarupa thaI javAnI ane namrAtinama banI arthachAyAvALo nahi rahetAM naitika ane UMDe UtarIne joIe to ahaMzUnya thaI javAnI, temanI pratipaLa nIDaratA ja temanI AdhyAtmika sparzano anubhava karAve che. aMgrejo jAya teTaluM 'rASTrapitA' ke "mAnavatAnA dUta' nI oLakhane sAcI Therave che. pUratuM nathI. prajA sAcA arthamAM svataMtra thavI joIe,' A vAkyamAM temaNe ekAdaza vrata mAraphate mana, vacana ane karmanI ekarupatA to teo lokazikSaka tarIke sAcI rIte UbharI Ave che. keLavI hatI. teo AdhyAtmika vikAsanI jhaMkhanA karanArA hatA, teo satyanA AgrahI hatA, paNa haThAgrahI na hatA. emanA tethI zraddhA ane manobaLa dAkhavI temaNe aMtaranI zuddhi keLavI vicAro mAM lavacIkatA chatAM daDhatA jovA maLaze. A pustakamAM' hatI. satya, prema, ahiMsA, baMdhutva, mAnavatA e. jIvanamUlyo (hiMda svarAjamAM) svarAjane je citAra ApavAmAM Avyo che tevA mAraphate jIvanane temaNe akhaMDa ane vyApaka dRSTithI jotAM zIkhavyuM. svarAja nI sthApanA mATe huM Aje vyaktigata prayatna karI rahyo dalito, patito zramajIvIo, aMtyajo vagere samAjanA chevADAnA chuM. mane lAge che ke ApaNe svarAjanuM nakkI karI lIdhuM che paNa tenuM gaNAtA mANasane temaNe hRdayathI apanAvI lIdhA hatA. (146) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018

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'satyanA prayogo' agAu 'dakSiNa AphrikAnA satyAgrahano teo sAthe laIne cAlyA hatA. temaNe vikasAvelI sAmAbhimukhatA, itihAsa' mAM ane cheka 'hiMda svarAja'mAM temanI 'satya' aMgenI svAcya, sahakAra, sarvadharmasamabhAva vagerene jIvana mUlyo tarIke khoja satata cAlu rahI hatI. teo sabhAna hatA ke 'satyanA prasthApita karyA hatA. zodhakane rajakaNathI paNa nIce rahevuM ja paDe che. jagata AkhuM mAtRbhASAne mahattva ApavAnA vicAramAMthI ja sva-rAja, rajakaNane kacaDe che paNa satyano pUjArI to rajakaNa suddhA tene kacaDI svadezI vagerenI jema sva-bhASAmAM temaNe rojidA kAmakAjano zake tevo alpa na bane tyAM sudhI tene svataMtra satyanI jhAMkhI paNa AraMbha karyo hato. gujarAta vidyApIThanA ghaDatare dezane temaNe durlabha che.' spaSTatA kare che ke "mArA jevA anekono kSaya thAo, rAjakAraNa ane sAhitya Ubhaya kSetre vikAsanI tako kholI ApI. paNa satyano jaya thAo.' 'alpatmAne mApavAne sAru satyano vidyopAsanAmAM paNa enI jhaMkhanA apragaTa rahetI nathI. gujarAta gaja kadI TUMko na bano.' satya aMgenI temanI samaja paNa atyaMta vidyApITha no dhyeya maMtra ja'sA vidyA yA vimuktaye hato. sarvAgI spaSTa che. satyanI e avirAma yAtrA che. 'A satya te sthUla vikAsanI jIvanakeLavaNI upara temaNe bhAra mUkyo hato. 1936mAM vAcAnuM satya nahIM', A to jema vAcAnuM tema vicAranuM paNa kharuM. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA pramukha tarIkenA vaktavyamAM temaNe te A satya te ApaNe kaheluM satya ja nahIM paNa svataMtra cirasthAyI samaye sAhityamAM pravartamAna paMDita yuga' nA sAhityakArone vedhaka satya eTale ke paramezvara ja. e eka ja satya che ane bIjuM badhuM prazna pUchyo hato. 'tame konA mATe lakho cho? mAre mate to koziyo mithyA che. e satya mane jaDayuM nathI paNa eno huM zodhaka chuM e eTale ke khetamajUra paNa samajI zake evuM. emanuM jIvana emAM zodhavAne arthe je vastu mane priyamAM priya hoya teno tyAga karavA jhIlAtuM hoya evuM sAhitya tamArI pAsethI joIe che.' vaLI 'sArtha paNa huM taiyAra chuM, ane e zodharupI yajJamAM A zarIrane paNa joDaNIkoza' nI prathama AvRtti prasaMge have pachI koIne svecchAe homavAnI mArI taiyArI che.' samarpaNa e ja sAco yajJa, saMmArjita joDaNI karavAno adhikAra nathI.' evuM Adeza-vAkya mUkyuM. jeno thayelo 'sva' gAMdhIjIne abhipreta che. 'satyanA prayogo' evI pachIthI sArvatrika svIkAra thayo hato. ene lIdhe ja gujarAtI bhASA zIrSakamAM 'prayoga' zabda vaijJAnika paribhASAno che, satyanI khoja lekhanamAM ekavAkyatA AvI hatI. mATe ahIM yojelo zabda 'yajJa' zarIrane homavAnI tatparatA, emaNe AtmakathAmAM lakhyuM che ke huM kevo rUpALo chuM e AtmakathAnA aMta bhAgamAM Avato "Ahuti' zabda temaja cheka varNavavAnI mArI talamAtra icchA nathI,' gujarAtI sAhityamAM chelle muktinI vAta ityAdimAM adhyAtmanI paribhASAno ja upayoga prathama AtmakathA ApanAra vIra narmadanI AtmakathAnuM zIrSaka huM jovA maLe che. AtmakathA-potAnI vAta to gauNa che. mukhya zIrSaka pote che tenI bAjumAM A kRtine mUkatAM gAMdhIjInuM palluM saheje to satya sAthe saMkaLAyelA prayogo aMgenuM che. e sUcaka che ane namI jAya che. nAnapaNanA doSo bIDI pIvAnI Teva, devuM vadhatAM tethI sArthaka paNa che. pote pahereluM sonAnuM kaDuM kapAvavuM, mAMsAhAra, asatya bolavAnI vilAyata, AphrikA ema paradezamAM pazcimI pozAkamAM ja lAlaca, mAtA-pitAne chetaravAno vicAra vagere, potAnAmAM te sajja rahetA mi. gAMdhI 1915mAM muMbaI baMdare UtaryA tyAre, vakhate rahelA, durguNone lekhana vakhate teo chupAvatA nathI, balka 'mahAtmA' nuM saMbodhana meLavIne bhArata AvelA gAMdhIjIno pozAka emAMthI emaNe AgaLa upara sAdhelA vikAsano mArga ApaNane jIvanabharanA hiMdavAsI jevo rahyo hato. dhotiyuM, aMgarakhuM, maLI Ave che. teo potAne 'alpAtmA' mAne che, lokoe temane kAThiyAvADI pAghaDI, joDA vagere bhASAnI nakkara bhoMya temaNe 'mahAtmA' kahyA che. pahelethI ja emanI bhASA evI sacoTa ane UbhI karI. je potAnA vicArone, potAnA hetune dezanA loko kazA bhAra vagaranI che te tarapha ApaNuM dhyAna kheMcAya che. juoH sudhI pahoMcADavA lokonI ja bhASAmAM - mAtRbhASAmAM temaNe saMvAda 'kaDuM kapAyuM, karaja phIcyuM, paNa mAre sAru to A vAta asahya thaI AraMbhyo hato. aMgrejI pozAka ane aMgrejI bhASA sApa kAMcaLI paDI. doSa kabUla karavo joIe, te vinA zuddhi na thAya.' temaNe utAre tema temaNe tyajI dIdhAM hatAM. teo navajAgaraNa yuga' nuM (pitAjIe) ciThThI vAMcI. AMkhamAMthI motInAM biMdu TapakyAM e saMtAna hatA. Azrama sthApIne sAmAnya janonA sahavAsamAM rahevA motInA premabANe mane vIMdhyo.... vagere nAnapaNamAM zaramALa ane gayA tyAM dalita, muslima, harijana vagere aMgenA prazno khaDA thayA DaratA mohanane tenuM auSadha rAmanAma che evI samaja raMbhA nAmanI hatA kharA, paNa temanA spaSTa jIvanadarzanane kAraNe chevADAnA dAsIe ApelI. 'te bIja bacapaNamAM ropAyuM te baLI na gayuM...' gaNAtA mANasone temaNe godamAM lIdhA hatA. TaoNlsTaoNya ane phiniksa vagere vAkyonI asarakArakatA lAMbAM lAMbAM aneka vAkyothI paNa AzramanA anubhavo paNa temanI pAse hatA. te pramANe svAvalaMbana, adhika mUlyavAna che. AtmAnI keLavaNI, jIvanajarUrI vastuo vagere aMge temaNe prazaMsanIya emanI AtmakathAmAM je khullApaNuM che te tarata dhyAna kheMce udAharaNa rajU karyuM hatuM. Ama chatAM samAjanA ucca vargane paNa che. temanAM kathanomAM kyAMya asamaMjasatA nathI. prayogo mANase LoNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (14)

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jAte ja karavA paDe. 'satyanA prayogo'nA nAyake jAta sAme ja tathA pratyAyanalakSI ciMtanAtmaka gadya abhyAsInA abhyAsano paNa mAMDelo morayo che. e satyanI kathA che, e svanI kaTokaTInI kathA viSaya banI zake ema che. emanAM lakhANomAM jIvAtA jIvanano che. chalanAmayI jIvananI sAme raNe caDelA vIrapuruSanI e AtmakathA sparza, dhabakAra rahelo che. sAhityanA vidhivatu abhyAsa vinA, che. AkhuMye pustaka aneka prasaMgonI vAtanA saMdarbhamAM-juo lokonI bhASAmAM saraLa vihAra karanAra gAMdhIjI kAyama yAda raheze. 'prastAvanA ane pUrNAhuti prakaraNo'- satya aMgenI prasthApanAnAM teo ekasAthe 'janatAbhimukha' ane 'yugapravartaka' hatA. A che. bAkInuM be pUMThA vaccenuM lakhANa satyatatvane samajavAnA, e bannenI sahapasthiti gAMdhIjImAM che. svAtaMtryaprAptinA maMthanakALathI satyavatInA prayogorupe joI zakAya. laI svAtaMtrasiddhinA samayagALA para enI asara aMkita thayelI gAMdhIjInuM gujarAtI keTaluM badhuM gharALuM hatuM, tema ja gauravavaMtuM jovA maLe che. hatuM tenI pratIti to A AtmakathAnAM pAnAMmAMthI pasAra thanAra teo badhI rIte gujarAtI' rahIne vizvamAnavI banyA hatA. harakoI vAcakane thayA vagara nahIM rahe, enI khAtarI. zabdaguccho, emanA thakI gujarAtI prajA ane gujarAtI bhASA raLiyAta thayAM nAnAM nAnAM vAkyo, rUDhiprayogo, kahevato, taLapadA zabdo vagere. che. teo sAcA arthamAM 'garavA gujarAtI" hatA. sAhajika rIte prayojAyAM che. emanI bhASAnuM taLapadApaNuM uparAMta vyavahAramAM prayojAtI vividha maroDovALI emanI bhASAmAM bharapUra 17, tulasI AMgaNa sosAyaTI, sattva paDeluM che. koIpaNa prakAranA mukhavaTA vagaranI temanI bhASA bAkarola-vaDatAla roDa Bhakra Nangal Dam, 1950s (148) (satya- ahiMsA- aparigraha prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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pUjya gAMdhIbApunuM janmasthAna kIrtimaMdira dhIrendra mahetA amArA pUjya pitAzrI sva. nAnajIbhAI kAlidAsa mahetA mukAma rAkho. amAro e Akho baMgalo ApanA mATe ja rAkhIzuM. IsTa AphrikAmAM rahetA hatA. te vakhate tyAM vasatA hindI lokone pU. gAMdhIjIe emano e prastAva mAnya rAkhyo. e jANIne rAjakIya, sAmAjika vagere aneka samasyAo hatI. tenI jANakArI amane saune khUba ja AnaMda thayo. te vakhate mArA moTAbhAI zrI ApavA ane temAM mArgadarzana meLavavA sAru temane pU. gAMdhIjIne khImajIbhAI muMbaImAM hatA. mArA pU. pitAjIe emane pU. sevAgrAmamAM maLavAnuM avAranavAra thatuM. bApunA ArAma ane utArAnI badhI vigato samajAvIne sUcanA mane pUjya gAMdhIjInA darzana thayA na hatA. paraMtu emanA ApI ke tame khuda pUnA jaIne pU. bApune moTarakAra dvArA paMcagInI darzana karavAnI mArA manamAM khUba utkaMThA hatI. sadbhAgye emanA pahoMcADo. ame sau haridvArathI paMcagInI jaI pahoMcIe chIe darzanano lAbha mane thoDA vakhatamAM maLyo. 1942nI 8mI oNgasTe ane tyAM eka bIjuM AuTahAusa che emAM ame rahIzuM. pU. gAMdhIjInA pramukhapaNA nIce koMgresanuM adhivezana muMbaImAM pU. gAMdhIbApu e vakhate paMcagInImAM pAMcathI cha aThavADiyA bharAvAnI jAherAta thaI hatI. te vakhate meM nakkI karyuM hatuM ke A rahyA e nimitte emanI najIka ane sAthe rahevA maLyuM te mArA adhivezanamAM jarUra javuM che, jethI pU. gAMdhIjInA darzana thaI zake. jIvanano eka dhanya prasaMga hato. savAre emanI sAthe cAlatA tyAre huM kaoNlejamAM bhaNato hato. e comAsAnA divaso hovAthI javAnuM ane sAMje prArthanAmAM javAnuM. Avo amUlya avasara to mane phalu thaI gayo hato. paNa e ja hAlatamAM huM adhivezanamAM IzvaranI kRpA hatI mATe ja mane maLyo. gayo. aneka vaktAo pachI pU. gAMdhIjIe potAnuM vaktavya zarU kevaLa mane ja nahi, parivAranA sau sabhyone A anero karyuM ane briTIza gavarnamenTane 'bhArata choDo' (queet India)nI lAbha maLyo saue pU. bApunuM sAnnidhya mANyuM. saune khUba ja hAkala karI. AnaMda Avyo tema ghaNuM jANavA ane samajavAnuM maLyuM. e divasomAM A adhivezana je jagyAe bharAyuM hatuM te Aje krAnti ane svargasukha jevo AnaMda mANyo. e divaso ame kyAreya medAnane nAme oLakhAya che. bIje divase briTIza gavarnamenTa bhUlyA nathI. pU. gAMdhIjI sAthenA A sahavAsa daramyAna mArA pU. gAMdhIjI sahita aneka netAone aTakamAM lIdhA ane badhAne judI pitAjIe pU. bApu pAse eka prastAva mUkyo ke porabaMdaramAM judI jelamAM keda karyA. gAMdhIjI, kasturabA ane mahAdevabhAIne emanA janmasthAna upara eka smAraka UbhuM karavAnI emanI pUnAnI yaravaDAjelamAM mukyAM. paraMtu be-cAra divasamAM ja emane IcchA che. paraMtu pU. bApue cokhkhI nA pADIne kahyuM ke evuM kAMI tyAMthI AgAkhAna pelesamAM sthaLAMtarita karyA. karavAnI jarUra nathI. tyArabAda mArA pitAjIe pharIvAra pU. tyAM be eka mahinA pachI mahAdevabhAI desAI gujarI gayA. bApune vinatI karI ane kahyuM ke Apane jarUra nathI, paNa ApaNA tyAra bAda thoDAka ja mahinAmAM kasturabA bahu ja bImAra thayA ane rASTrane jarUra che. eTale Apa anumati Apo. pU. gAMdhIbApu pU. gAMdhIjInA khoLAmAM ja emaNe deha choDI dIdho. baMnenA thoDIvAra mauna rahyA. paNa pachI emaNe kahyuM : "tamArI IcchA hoya agnisaMskAra tyAM pelesanA kampAunDamAM ja thayelA ane samAdhio to karo. paraMtu tyAM AgaLa mArI koI mUrti na joIe ane paNa tyAM ja racAyelI. Aje paNa e baMnenI samAdhio tyAM mojUda pUjApATha paNa nahIM karavAnA. paraMtu tyAM koI racanAtmaka kArya thAya che. mahAdevabhAI ane kasturabAnA nidhanathI e vakhate pU. gAMdhIjI tema huM IcchuM chuM.' mArA pitAjI khUba rAjI thayA ane temaNe kahyuM bahuja khinna rahetA hatA. ke Apa kahezo ema ja karIzuM bApu. 1944mAM briTIza gavarnamenTa pU. gAMdhIjIne jelamAMthI mukta mArA pitAjI tyArabAda porabaMdara gayA ane tyAM jaIne karyA. e samaye amAro Akho parivAra zrIkedAranAtha ane zrI temaNe tyAMnA nAmadara mahArAjA naTavarasiMhajIne A badhI vAta badrInAthanI yAtrAe gayelo hato. ame jyAre tyAMthI haridvAra karI. mahArAjA paNa bahu rAjI thayA. emaNe kahyuM ke emAM amArI pahoMcyA tyAre amane pU. gAMdhIjInI muktinA samAcAra maLyA. e kAMI madadanI jarUra hoya to kahejo. pU. gAMdhIjI tyAM je makAnamAM paNa jANavA maLyuM ke pU. gAMdhIjInI tabiyata lathaDI rahI che. rahetA hatA, e ja makAnamAM emano janma thayo hato. e makAna emane ArAma levAnI khUba jarUra che ane emane evI IcchA emanA pU. dAdAjI uttamacaMda gAMdhIe banAvaDAveluM hatuM. temAM paNa che. A hakIkata mArA pitAjIne jevI jANavA maLI ke turata emanA putra ane pU. gAMdhIjInA pitAjI karamacaMda gAMdhI, jeo ja emaNe pU. bApune TeligrAma karyo ane emAM evI vinaMtI karI porabaMdara rAjyanA e vakhate divAna hatA, teo rahetA hatA. ke Apa ArAma mATe paMcagInI padhAro. amArA dilakhuzavIlAmAM e makAna saMyukta kuTuMbanI majiyArI saMpattinuM hatuM. samaya oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (149

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jatAM e milkatamAM 18 bhAgIdAro thaI gayA hatA. e makAnanI durbhAgye bhAratanA ItihAse vaLAMka lIdho. 30mI jAnyuArI, milkata e saunA nAma uparathI pherabadalo karI mArA pitAjIne 1948nA roja sAMjanI prArthanAsabhAmAM jatAM pUjya gAMdhIbApunI nAme karavI paDe. kAma muzkela hatuM. kemake emAM aDhAreyanI saMmati hatyA thaI. A banAvathI mArA pitAjIne, amane saune ane ane sahI joIe. vaLI, e dastAvejamAM sahI karatI vakhate teo AkhA vizvanI prajAne moTo AghAta lAgyo. pU. bApu 79 varSa kyAM sthaLanA rahevAsI che, e jagyA bharavA mATe khAlI jagyA jIvyA, tethI maMdiranuM zikhara 79 phUTa UMcuM rAkhavAmAM AvyuM che. rAkhI hatI. e dastAveja vAMcI pU. bApu be ghaDI to acakAI ene UMcuM karavuM hatuM paNa A AghAtajanaka ghaTanAne kAraNe eTaluM gayA. teo vicAravA lAgyA ke huM kyAMno rahevAsI chuM? porabaMdarano ja UMcuM rAkhavuM paDyuM. mArA pitAjIne thayuM ke have e maMdira jaldI ke sAbaramatIno ke sevAgrAmano? bahu vicAryA pachI emaNe lakhyuM pUruM thavuM joIe. pU. gAMdhIjInuM janmasthAna emanuM ema yathAvata hatuM huM rahevAsI bhAratavarSano ane pachI potAnI sahI karI hatI. ja rAkhyuM ane bhAratanA badhA dharmonA pratIkarUpe A smArakane pU. gAMdhIjIe dastAvejamAM sahI karI ApI eTale badhA kuTuMbIjanoe banAvyuM. satya ane ahiMsAnA e pUjArIe badhA dharmone, badhI paNa rAjIkhuzIthI sahIo karI ApI. A dastAveja kIrtimaMdiramAM jAtio ane jJAtione samAna gaNyA hatA, vividha komadharmanI saune jovA mATe rAkhavAmAM Avyo che. pujA vacce samarasatA sthApavA mathAmaNa karI hatI, anyAya ane makAna to maLyuM paNa bIjI muzkelI e UbhI thaI ke pU. zoSaNavihina ahiMsaka samAjaracanA sthApavA kamara kasI hatI, bApunA ghara sudhI javA mATe khUba nAnI galI hatI. AjubAjumAM strIpuruSa samAnatA, hiMdumuslima ekatA, aspRzyatAnivAraNa, anya lokonAM makAno hatAM. smAraka bAMdhavA mATe tyAM jarUrI jagyA vyasananAbUdI vagere lakSyAMko siddha karavA aneka saMgharSo, saMtApo na hatI. mArA pitAjI e badhAM makAnamAlikone maLyA, emane veThyA hatA, mAtra ApaNA dezanI prajAne ja nahi, vizvabharanI badhI vigato samajAvI ke tame sau tamArAM makAno mane bajAra bhAve prajAne svarAja ane sarvodayano sUryodaya dekhADavo hato mATe zahAdata veMcAtA Apo to huM AbhArI thaIza, ane A mahattvanuM kAma vahorI hatI, emano deha mATImAM bhaLI gayo,paNa emanI kIrtinA thaze. emanI vinaMtI svIkArI e sau rahIzoe rAjIkhuzIthI e koTaDAM koI kheravI zake ema nathI. mATe A smArakanuM nAma makAno mArA pitAjIne vaMcAtA ApyAM. e badhAM makAno pADI kIrtimaMdira rAkhyuM. emAM pU. bApu ane pU. bAnI tasavIro mUkI nAkhIne tyAM eka moTo khullo coka banAvAyo; jethI tyAM smAraka che. emAM jeTalA pIlarsa che temAM pU.bApunAM amRta vacano ane thaI zake. zrImad bhagavatagItAnA keTalAka zloka mUkelAM che. tA. 27mI me e vakhate porabaMdaramAM zrIpuruSottama mistrI jANItA sthapati 1950nA roja AdaraNIya vallabhabhAI paTelanA varadahaste tenuM hatA. mArA pitAjIe emane bolAvIne smAraka banAvavA aMge udghATana karavAmAM AvyuM tyAre mArA pitAzrIe 'kIrtimaMdira" badhI vAta karI. sAthe evI sUcanA ApI ke dezanA je prakhyAta evuM nAmakaraNa karI e smAraka rASTranAM caraNe samarpita karyuM hatuM. sthApatyo che emanuM nirIkSaNa karI Avo, pachI A smArakano hAla pU. bApunuM janmasthaLa kendrasarakAra saMbhALe che ane A nakazo banAvo. eka mahinAmAM teo smAraka banAvavA mATenA smAraka kIrtimaMdira gujarAta rAjyanI sarakAra saMbhALe che. nakazAo taiyAra karIne AvyA. emAMthI je nakazAnI pasaMdagI thaI jayanti te sukRtino AtmasiddhA krmviiraaH| ene AdhAre smAraka racavAnI kAmagIrI zarU thaI. mArA pitAjI nAstiM yeSA yazaHkAye jarAmaraNajaM bhayam / / AnA nirmANamAM vyaktigata dekharekha rAkhatA hatA. rojanA sAtathI. ATha kalAka teo smArakanI jagyA upara gALatA hatA. sutaLIvALo vIra bhuvana, sAtamo mALa, eka khATalo nAkhIne tyAM ja rahIne potAnI najarataLe kAma gavarnamenTa sarkiTa hAusa, sahyAdrI sAme, karAvatA hatA, cheka rAtre ghera parata pharatA hatA. haiMgIMga gArDana pAse, muMbaI. phona naM. 0932358OO03 "Such men cannot die, for they live in their achievements. His were manu each one of nich, judged by the greatness of its execution or in its results for human welfare, would have made his name immortal anywhere in the world." -The Publication Division of India Government of India 15o (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018

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gAMdhIjI : prAg - Adhunika, Adhunika ke anuAdhunika maMjubena jhaverI vizALa vAyana, UMDA ciMtana-manana ane mArmika lekhanathI jANItA thayelAM agraNI vicAraka. kartAI vAda ke vicAradhArA sAthe anubaddha ke pratibaddha thayA vinA adhyayana viSayano sarvagrAhI abhyAra karanAra tejasvI lekhikA. 'nirakhane' ane 'pratisAda' jevA be mahatvanA graMtho. varSo sudhI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA saMbhALanAra ane 'phArbasa traimAsika' nuM sUjhapUrvakanuM saMpAdana karanAra agraNI saMpAdikA, keTalAka viSayo evA hoya che ke avAranavAra emane cheDavAnuM banyA karatuM hoya che. gAMdhIjInuM vyaktitva paNa evuM ja paDakArarUpa rahyA karyuM che. 'gAMdhImArga" sAmAyikano oNkTobara - Disembara, 1996nA aMkamAM nikolasa epha. jiyerano lekha "Gandhi : PreModern, Modern or post - mostern?" vAMcIne thayuM ke cAlo AnA upara hAtha ajamAvIe, gAMdhIjIne kyAMka cokaThAmAM goThavavAno yatna thayo che, e phokasiMga svIkArIne A rIte paNa emane nihALavAno yatna karIe. vAta mAre mATe khAssI muzkela che, kAraNa ke sAMprata paribhASAo sAthe paNa kAma pADavAnuM Ave. jouM, karuM. lekhaka kahe che ke gAMdhIjInI tAttvika vicAraNA Aje keTalI prastuta che eno AdhAra anuAdhunika vicAradhArAo sAthe emano saMbaMdha keTalo sthApI zakAya e upara che. sAdhAraNa rIte evI mAnyatA pracalita che ke gAMdhIjI AdhunikatAne nakAre che ane prAg-Adhunika prakAranA astitva tarapha pAchA vaLavA lokone AhvAna kare che. lekhaka pahelA phakarAmAM ja potAnA niSkarSanI mAMDaNI karI de che ane A lekhano Azaya gAMdhIjInA tattvajJAnanAM prAg-Adhunika, Adhunika ane anuAdhunika pAsAMo tapAsavAno che, ema jaNAve che. be mukhya natIjIo para e AvyA che ke gAMdhIjInA mana-zarIranA dvandva chatAM - e javA daIe to gAMdhIjInI selpha, nItizAstra, dharma ane rAjakIya tattvajJAna vizenI vicAraNAnuM anuAdhunika dRSTibiMdune saMdarbhe mahattvanuM pradAna che. gAMdhImAM vighaTana anu-AdhunikatAvAdanAM keTalAMka tattvo dekhAya che. chatAM gAMdhIno vadhAre meLa vidhAyaka - Constructive anuAdhunikatAvAda sAthe che ja buddhanA tattvajJAna ane amerikI vyavahAravijJAna (Pregmatism) mAM paNa jovA maLe che. ane prAg - AdhunikatAvAda eTale jUnuM ane purANuM evuM nathI. AdhunikatAvAdanAM bIja kamamAM kama 2,500 varSathI vadhu jUnAM che ane e bhAratamAM tema ja yuropamAM baMnemAM che. A sAthe lekhakanuM maMtavya e paNa che ke anuAdhunika pratikriyAno AraMbha khAsa karIne gautama buddha ane kaoNnaphyuziyasa jevA prAcIna tattvaciMtakomAM jovA maLe che. Adhunika vizvanI kaTokaTIe ghaNAne prAg - Adhunika kALa tarapha pAchA pharavAnI taraphadArI karatA karI mUkyA che. Ano artha vijJAna ane yaMtravijJAnane nakAravAno thAya. Adhunika dRSTibiMdu sAmAjika ane bhautika baMne stare paramANukIya (atomisita) che. kaoNsmoMsa mAtra bAhyatare saMbaMdha dharAvatA ghaNA niSkriya aMzono saravALo che. samaya mATenuM Adhunika dRSTibiMdu paNa raikhika che jyAM eka pachI eka ghaTanA banatI Ave che. koI paNa pavitra - daivI tatvane nakAravAno Adhunika mata rahyo che. AnA virodhamAM prAg - Adhunika vizvadarzana akhilAI, ekatA ane sauthI vadhu to prayojanayukta hatuM. mAnavIya selpha e pavitra akhilAIno avibhAjya aMza hato, e akhilAI enA aMzo karatAM vadhu mahAna ane mUlyavAna hatI. purAkalpana ane kriyAkAMDa mRtyu ane hiMsAne tarkasaMgata banAvatAM ane jAtIyatAnuM niyaMtraNa karatAM hatAM. ema kahevuM joIe ke samakAlIna mAnavajAta kaTokaTIne pahoMcI vaLavA mATe asarakAraka ke saMsthAo UbhI karavAmAM eTalI saphaLa nathI rahI. gAMdhIjInuM maMtavya hatuM ke ApaNe pUrvakAlIna (Pristine) samAjavyavasthA punaH sthApita karavI hoya to e tarapha pAchA vaLavuM joIe. moTA bhAganA Alocakoe ethI ema mAnyuM ke gAMdhI AdhunikatAvAda sAmenA prAg - Adhunika vijJohamAM joDayA che. gAMdhIjIne mana pUrvakAlIna bhArata eTale grAmasamAja, jyAM bahusaMkhyA bhAratIyo Aje paNa vase che e hatuM. emaNe lokone kendrita AraMbhamAM ja lekhaka spaSTa kare che ke AdhunikatA eTale udyogIkaraNa ane zaherIkaraNa e samIkaraNa emane svIkArya nathI. e paNa jarUrI nathI ke AdhunikatA eTale pazcimI ane prAg -rAjya-sattAne toDI grAmasvarAja tarapha pAchA vaLavAnuM AhvAna AdhunikatA eTale mukhyatve pUrvIya, gAMdhIjIe pazcimI ciMtakonA potAnI upara thayelA gherA prabhAvane svIkAryo che ane potAnA sudhArAkAryakramane emane pUrvane pazcimathI alaga pADanAro gaNyo nathI. uparAMta AdhunikatAvAda eTale kaMIka navuM ane arvAcIna oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI karyuM. emaNe varNavyavasthAnuM paNa samarthana karyuM - alabatta aspRzyatAnA zApane miTAvIne ja e zakya hatuM. emanuM kahevuM hatuM ke vArasAgata dhaMdho zIkhavo sehelo hovAne kAraNe zakti ane samaya baMne bacatAM hatAM, koI pUchatuM ke Avo tarka laDAvIne to abrAhama liMkana vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 151

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amerikAnA pramukha thavAnI mahecchA na rAkhI zake. gAMdhIno javAba hato ke koI paNa saphAIkAmadAra potAno vyavasAya jALavIne kaMI paNa banI zake che. A lekhamAM ullekha nathI thayo,paNa ahIM ApaNe noMdhavuM joIe ke pachIthI gAMdhIjIne vadhu ne vadhu lAgavA mAMDyuM hatuM ke saiddhAMtika rIte varNaprathA sArI hoya to paNa enI vartamAna sthiti svIkArya bane ema nathI. emanAmAM anullaMdhanIya uMca svataMtra vivekabuddhino khyAla AkAra pAmyo. gAMdhIjInI Self -suffering nI eTale ke bIjAne pIDA ApavA karatA pote sahI levI e saMkalpanA paNa saoNkreTisane AbhArI che. koI paNa dharma ke IzvaranA kAyadAnI uparavaTa jaI othoriTI DhAMkavI e cokkasa ja Adhunika prasthApanA che. joke gAMdhIjI potAne AvatA AMtara avAjone Izvaradatta gaNatA hatA je prANa - Adhunika abhigama gaNAya. gAMdhIjIno dRDha mata hato ke ApaNe mAtra satyo prApta karI zakIe. anuAdhunika tatvajJA paNa enI sApekSatA mATe TIkApAtra karyuM che. paNa anuAdhunika ane gAMdhImAM taphAvata e che te gAMdhI mAnatA ke ApaNA niSphaLa yatnonI pAchaLa nirapekSa satya che. eTale gAMdhIjInA satya pratyenA dRSTikoNano phrenca anuAdhunikatAvAda sAthe meLa khAto nathI. paNa kadAca e vidhAyaka anuAdhunikatAvAda sAthe saMgata che. gAMdhIjInI dharma aMgenI saMkalpanA Adhunika kahI zakAya. e mAnatA ke badhA dharmo samAna che. sarvadharmasamabhAva upara emano bhAra raheto. prArthanAmAM e zraddhA dharAvatA ane rAmanAma paNa letA. paNa rAmanuM emaNe Adhunika arthaghaTana karyuM hatuM. rAma eTale rAmAyaNanA rAjA nahIM ke viSNuno avatAra nahIM. eno artha mAtra AcaraNanI zuddhatA ke satya mATenI khoja thAya. gAMdhI mATe dharma e taddana aMgata savAla hato ane jeTalI vyaktio eTalA dharma hoI zake. ema paNa kahI zakAya ke dharmane mAtra nItizAstra gaNI levAnA Adhunika nyunIkaraNa abhigamane emanI mahora hatI. joke gAMdhIjano dharmanA nyunIkaraNa (reductioning)no potAno viziSTa abhigama hato, emane mATe dharma eTale satyanI khoja, evo prayAsa ke jemAM nAstiko paNa AvI jAya. rAjye dhArmika saMgaThanone Teko na Apavo joIe evuM Adhunika valaNa paNa emanuM hatuM. paNa alabatta eno artha emane mATe evo nahoto ke naitika stare ane samarthana arthe rAjakIya kAryomAM dharmano samAveza na thAya. gAMdhIjInI savinaya kAnUnabhaMga pratyenI pratibaddhatAno sIdho nAto emanI kahevAtI arAjakatAnI vicAraNA sAthe che. gAMdhIjI emanI grAma varAjyanI saMkalpanAne eka prakAranI prabuddha arAjakatA kahetA jyAM dareka jaNa pote potAno zAsaka che. e thoro sAthe sammata thatA ke sarakAra ochAmAM ochuM zAsana kare che te uttama sarakAra che ane e mAnatA ke sarakAra eka jarUrI aniSTa che. gAMdhIjInI arAjakatA vizenI vicAraNA jo Adhunika che to emanI kalpeloka (Utopia)nI kalpanA paNa Adhunika che. rASTravAda, lazkaravAda ane paryAvaraNIya avanatinI sAthesAthe kalpoMkanI vAta e AdhuniktAvAdanI sauthI moTI niSphaLatA che. kalpelokanI bAbate keTalAka prayogonI niSphaLatA nirupadravI hatI, paNa keTalAMka jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka oNkTobara- 2018 gAMdhIjI prAcIna bhAratanI siddhionI prazaMsA karatA chatAM emane barAbara khyAla hato ke bIjA yuganA dharmane e potAno na gaNI zake. cokkasa ja Adhunika kahevAya ke pachI anuAdhunika paNa kahI zakAya evo gAMdhIjIno siddhAMta hato ke jema dareka vyaktine hoya ema dareka samAjane potAnuM satya hoya che ane prAcIna satyonuM punarutthAna karavuM e mAtra kAlavyutkrama ja nahIM, paNa vyavahAru paNa nathI. dareka yugane potAnA khAsa prazno hoya che ane enI sAthe emane meLa pADavAno hoya che. AdhunikatAvAdanI gati myhos thI logos nI che ane tarkanuM purAkalpananI jagyA levAnuM kAma kramamAM kama 2,50 varSathI cAlI AvyuM che. lagabhaga ekasAthe lokAyata-bhautikavAdIoe bhAratamAM, emisToe grIsamAM ane mohisToe cInamAM hakIkta ane mUlya ane dharma ane vijJAnane judAM prasthApita karyAM hatAM. A tattvajJAna laghumatI darajjo dharAvatA hatA, paNa chatAM e noMdhavuM agatyanuM che ke Adhunika tattvajJAnanAM bIja ghaNAM prAcIna che. saoNkreTisa, pleTo ane erisToTala prayojanavAda ane hakIkata ane mUlyanI ekatA svIkAratA hatA chatAM e paNa eTaluM ja sAcuM che ke naitika vyaktivAda ane buddhivAdane paNa puSTi ApatA hatA. erisToTalanuM pratinidhitva - sarakAranuM samarthana e Adhunika duniyAnI eka mazcana siddhi gaNAya che. gAMdhIjIne vyaktinI niSThAmAM pUrNa zraddhA hatI. vyakti ja sauthI vadhu nisbata dharAve che ane vyaktinI ja gaNanA na thAya to samAjamAM bAkI zuM rahyuM? gAMdhIjIe kahyuM ke rAjyanI sattAno emane Dara che, kAraNa ke vyaktitA je sarva vikAsanA mULamAM che eno nAza thavAthI mAnavajAtane sauthI moTuM nukasAna thAya che. dareka vyaktie pariNAmanI paravA vagara ke bIjA ene bhUla mAne che ke nahIM enI darakAra karyA vagara potAnA satya anusAra kArya karavuM. vyaktinI niSThA ane enI vAstavikatAnuM gAMdhIjInuM samarthana emane advaita vedAnta sAthe na joDI zake. vyaktitA jo bhrAmaka hoya to gAMdhIjInI rAjakIya nItino pAyo ja vilIna thaI jAya. gAMdhIjInA naitika vyaktivAdamAM eka moTI vakratA e che ke emaNe hegala, mArksa ane vyaktine gaLI jatI Adhunika nokarazAhI rAjyavyavasthAne nakAryAM, paNa e prazna emane vedAntI paraMparAmAM naDyo nahIM. gAMdhIno naitika vyaktivAdano saMbhavataH srota pazcimI che. emanA para mukhya pazcimI prabhAva saoNkreTisano che. saoNkreTisathI satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha paNa 152

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khAsa karIne sAmyavAdI rAjyo jyorja oravelanI AgAhIo anuAdhunikanuM saMzleSaNa che je vidhAyaka (constructive) siddha karatAM saramukhatyArI narakAgAro TharyA hatAM. sadnasIbe anuAdhunikatAvAdamAM jovA maLe che. sAmyavAdI prayogo eka ja peDhI daramyAna dhabI gayA hatA. gAMdhIjInI rIjhana ane vaijJAnika paddhati mATenI apIla paNa gAMdhIjI mAnatA ke bhArata sAma-gaNarAjyonA vizALa emane Adhunika vizva-daSTibiMdu sAthe joDe che. joke eka vijJAna samavAyataMtra tarIke bIjAM rASTronA parivAramAM samAna bhAgIdAra ja mAtra badhAM satyono srota che ema e bilakula mAnatA nahotA, tarIke joDAI zake. sAdhAraNataH ema manAya che ke briTiza vahIvaTe chatAM prayogatapAsa ane buddhigamya pRcchA emanAM mahattvanAM ojAro ane briTiza relvee bhAratane rASTra banAvyuM. gAMdhIjIno dAvo hatAM. e kahetA ke rIjhana ke naitika samAjane pratikULa hoya evA hato ke bhArata prAcIna samayathI ja eka deza hato. ApaNA saMto badhA satyo mATenA dAvAo pachI bhale zAstroe karyA hoya to paNa eka dizAthI bIjI dizAe AkhA bhAratIya upakhaMDamAM pharI vaLatA, nakAravAnA rahe. chatAM AjanA vaijJAnika mAnasane AvarI letI emaNe bhAratanuM aikya relave AvI enI sadIo pahelAM sAdhyuM paramANuvAda (atomism) ane nyunIkaraNa (Reductionism) nI hatuM. gAMdhIjInuM 'hiMda svarAja' rASTranI jema Adhunika saMkalpanA, viziSTatAnuM gAMdhIjImAM nAmanizAna nahotuM. akhilAIne samajavA pAzavI baLa, rASTrIya hitanI agratA ane dharma, bhASA te jAti mATe badhAne spaSTa ane alaga saraLa stare laI javAnI dekArvenI uparanA ekAntikA siddhAMta upara racAyelI che enuM pratipAdana paddhati paNa gAMdhIjImAM jovA nahIM maLe. vidhAyaka anuAdhunika nathI karatuM. udAramatavAdI lokazAhI jevI pramANamAM nirupadravI ciMtako je 'vijJAnanuM punaH vazIkaraNa (Reenchantment of vicAraNA paNa gAMdhIjInI AlocanAmAMthI chaTakI nathI jaI zakatI. science)' nI vAta kare che e sAthe gAMdhIjIne ghaNo samabhAva udAramatavAdI lokazAhIomAM udeza game te hoya, paNa hakIkatamAM hato. e ciMtakone mate prayojanavAda ane sajIva prakRti baMne evI vyaktione sattA apAtI nathI, emanI pAsethI sattA AMcakI rIte punarjIvita thayAM che ke e samakAlIna padArthavijJAna ane laI rAjyamAM kendrita karAya che ane pachI nAgarika tarIkenI gAMdhIjInA prakRti ane jIvanane sarakhA gaNavAnA valaNa sAthe emanI navI gUDha bhUmikAmAM emane pAchI karAya che. susaMgata che. gAMdhIjInA rAjakIya tatvajJAnamAM ApaNene pahelI vAra gAMdhIjIne AdhunikatA sAme mukhya vAMdho e hato ke AdhunikatA anuAdhunika gAMdhInI jhAMkhI thAya che. emanA rASTravanA hakIkata ane mUlyane judA gaNatI hatI. hovuM joIe ane chekathI anuAdhunika darzananI mAMDaNI vikendrita sthAnika niyaMtraNa, sAMskRtika juduM pADavAthI mAnavIya jIvana naitika phokasa gumAvI de che. icchAo bhedo pratye sahiSNutA, AtmIyatA, AtmIyIkaraNa (assimilaiton) para icchAo saMtoSatA jAo e AdhunikatAno uddeza rahyo che. ane sauthI vadhu ahiMsA upara thaI che. sva tema ja rASTrIya stare AtmaparitRpti (self-gratification) no mAtra svIkAra ja nahIM. vikendrIkaraNa e badhI anuAdhunika tattvajJAnanI vicAraNAono paNa vadhu ne vadhu e urjAya che ane kramazaH ucca hetuonI jagyA mahatvano muddo che. gAMdhIjInuM daSTibiMdu joDe cheka daridAnA jevuM sAmAnya hetuo le che. 'hiMda svarAja' mAM gAMdhIjI AdhuniktAvAdane nathI. daridA to bilakula pratinidhitva vagaranI mUlagAmI lokazAhImAM ane viSayAsakta AtmaparitRptine ekasarakhAM gaNe che ane mukhyatve mAne che jyAM svayaM vyaktionA sIdhA pratinidhitva pratye paNa e kAraNe ene doSita TharAve che. Adhunika vizva-daSTikoNa ApaNane satata prazno UbhA karAtA rahevAtA hoya che. mAtra prakRtithI ja aLagA kare che ema nahIM, paNa ApaNI icchAone keTalAMka Alocakoe gAMdhIjInA arAjakatAvAdanuM pAraMpArika koI paNa naitika dhyeya vagaranI banAvI de che. vicAraNAne AdhAre arthaghaTana karyuM che, paNa moTA bhAganA DaoN. bhIkhubhAI pArekhe emanA pustaka Gandhi's Political arAjakatAvAdI siddhAMto pArasparika svahita upara ane bAhya Philosophy mAM spaSTa pAMca mAnavIya sattAnI vAta karI che : (1) anumodanonA bilakula nakAra upara racAyelA che. gAMdhIjInI AtmanirNayano adhikAra (self-determination) (2) svAyatta ahiMsA ane sva-pIDana (self-suffering) nuM amalIkaraNa svahitane zAsana, (3) AtmajJAna, (4) Atmazista (pa) sAmAjika uttejana nathI ApatuM ane saMyama ane dabAvane evI rIte lAve che sahakAra. gAMdhIjIe A pAMcane koI paNa mahAna sabhyatA mATe ke pahelAMnA rAjakIya siddhAMtomAM to jovA paNa na maLe. gAMdhIjIne jarUrI gaNyA hota. A pAMceya Adhunika sabhyatAthI jokhamAya che. arAjakatAvAdI kahevA karatAM communitarian kahevA joIe. prathama be guNo uparano bhAra spaSTapaNe pazcimI ane Adhunika AjanA Adhunika rAjakiya ciMtako A saMjJAno upayoga karatA che, paNa A pAMce guNo grIka ane khristIthI zarU thayelI pazcimI hoya che. bhAratavAsIoe potAnI pUrvIya saMsthAonI vaijJAnika paraMparAnA bhAga che. A pAMce guNonuM samatolapaNuM na rahevAne pucchA karavI joIe ane sAco samAjavAda ane sAmyavAda vikasita kAraNe samakAlIna saMskRtine asthira ane hiMsA unmukha banAvI karavo joIe evuM gAMdhIjInuM vidhAna prAgu- Adhunika ane dIdhI che. oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (15 3

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che. Adhunika sabhyatA uparano gAMdhIjIno AkSepa e pazcima saMskRtithI daridAnI vyatireka vyApta dUratA che. uparano AkSepa nathI e ApaNe have samajI zakIe chIe, kAraNa AdhunikatAvAda jo mythosthI logos nI saMkrAnti hoya to ke e pAMceya guNo pazcimI paraMparAnA bhAga hatA ja. pazcima anuAdhunika ciMtakane AdhunikatAnA damanakArI tarkane vighaTIta pAcho pote gumAvelo naitika AdhAra AtmajJAna, Atmazista karavAnI pharaja paDe che. gAMdhIjInA satyanA prayogo ane briTiza ane sAmAjika sahakArane mAnyatA ApI meLavI zake che. moTI bhAratanI sattAkIya saMracanAone haThAvavAnI emanI rIta eTale vakratA e che ke gumAvelA naitika AdhArane pAchA meLavavAnI ke briTIza zAsananI Adhunika sAmrAjyavAdI dhAraNAonuM thatuM preraNA gAMdhIne saoNkreTisa, TaoNlasTaoNya, raskina ane thaoNro jevA vighaTana, gAMdhIjI A paraMparAno AdhAra lIdhA vagara kare che. pazcimI ciMtako ane potAnI bhAratIya paraMparAnAM pazcimI anuvAdo sAthosAtha e prAcIna bhAratanI bAhmaNakendrita jJAtivyavasthAnuM ane lakhANomAMthI maLI hatI. A batAve che ke gAMdhIjI keTalA to paNa vighaTana kare che. Adhunika ane pazcimI hatA. gAMdhIjInI potAnI vaiSNava paraMparA vidhAyaka anuAdhunikatAvAdanuM sauddhAMtika mALakhuM gAMdhIne enI gatizIla AdhyatmikatA mATe jANItI hatI, paNarAjakIya vadhu anukULa thAya evuM che. A dRSTibiMdu vyaktinI akhaMDitatA, saMgharSa mATe nahIM. pazcimI karmaNyatA gAMdhIjInA satyAgraha ane arthanI saMbhAvitatA ane prakRtinA mUlyane gumAvyA vagara prAgU - vikAsazIla khyAlanI mahattvanI cAvI che. have joIe ke gAMdhIne Adhunika saMvAditAne pharI sthApita karavAno yatna kare che. vidhAyaka emanI AdhunikatAne pAra vyApaka anuAdhunika tattvajJAna sudhI anuAdhunikatAvAdIo mAne che ke phrenca vinirmitivAdI nAhavAnA laI jaI zakAya che ke nahIM. ApaNe raskina, TaoNlasTaoNya ane thoro pANI sAthe bebIne paNa pheMkI de che. e loko mAtra Adhunika vizvajevA gAMdhInA pazcimI vIranAyakone anuAdhunika vicAraNAnA dRSTibiMdune ja nakAratA nathI, paNa koI paNa vizva-daSTibiMdune purogAmIo kalpI zakIe chIe ke nahIM e upara eno AdhAra nakAre che. vidhAyaka anuAdhunikatAvAdIo vizva-daSTibiMdunI saMkalpanA jALavavA mAge che ane evA vizva-daSTibiMdunI emane - gAMdhIvAdI sAhityamAM anuAdhunikatAnI zI vyAkhyA che? pharI racanA karavI che je prAgu-AdhunikatAvAda ane AdhunikatAvAda mAdhurI vAdhavA kahe che ke anuAdhunikatAvAda eTale pazcimI nI khAmIone dUra rAkhI zake. cInI kaoNnphayuziyana tattvajJAnIo vikAsa-pratimAno dezI paddhatio arthe apanAvavAM. ApaNe AgaLa rIjhanane mAnavInuM sarvottama nathI gaNatA ane AtmA (Self) ne joI gayA chIe ke AdhunikatA e koI navI bAbata nathI ane svAyatta nathI gaNatA. eTale kaoNnphaziyana paraMparAmAM paNa enAM mULa ochAmAM ochA 2,500 varSa jUnAM che. bIjuM, anuAdhunika vicAraNAno aNasAra dekhAya. bIjA prAcIna tattvaciMtaka AdhunikatAvAda pazcimI ja hoya evuM nathI, kAraNa ke jaina dharma je vidhAyaka anuAdhunikatavAdanA agresara che e gautama buddha che. ane sAMkhyayoganA naitika dRSTikoNo ane AdhyAtmika svAyattatA buddha anubhUtinA AdhAra vagaranA zAzvata AtmAnA khyAlane pazcimI dRSTikoNothI ghaNAM vadhu AtyaMtika che. prAgu-Adhunika Adhibhautika kalpanA gaNI nakArI kADhyo. svAyatta AtmAnuM upaniSada ane vedAntanI jema jaina saMta ane sAMkhyayogI brahmananI AdhyAtmika tattva ane nyuToniyama paramANanuM nizreSTa tattva e sAthe ekarupa nathI thatA, paNa duniyAthI ane ekabIjAthI alaga baMne Adhunika vizvadRSTibiMdunA ja sattAmImAMsakIya (ontological) pUrNa ekAkI jIvana jIve che. gAMdhInI dunyavI viraktatA ane bhAgo che. lekhaka mAne che ke gAMdhIne daridAnA selphanA saMpUrNa rAjakIya karmaNyatA yoganI paraMparAthI judI che. pUrvamAM AdhyAtmika vikendrIkaraNa sAthe joDavA karatAM emane bauddhadharmamAM selphanuM jyAM TAITanijhama che ane pazcimamAM yaMtrodyogIya TAITanijhama che. punaH nirmANa thAya che enI sAthe joDavA e vadhu barAbara che. AdhyAtmika TAITanijhama bhale vadhu saumya prakAranuM hoya, baMne vacce ApaNe joI gayA ke gAMdhI prAgu- Adhunika akhilAImAM ke vibhAvAtmaka samAntaratA che. pUrva ane pazcimanA TAITanijhamano Adhunika nokarazAhImAM vyaktinuM je rIte vigalana thAya che emAMthI anuAdhunika pratisAda kevo che? TaoNlsTaoNya, raskina ane thaoNromAM vyaktine bacAvavA mAge che. satata vikendrita ane khaMDita thatA gAMdhIjIne AdhunikatAvAda sAmenA avAjo saMbhaLAyA tyAM ApaNane jatA selphane kAraNe je rIte vyaktino phrenca anuAdhunika sAhityamAM anuAdhunika gAMdhI maLI Ave. tyAra bAda satyane sAMdarbhika ane lopa thAya che e paNa eTalo ja ciMtAno viSaya hovo ghaTe ane prAyogika svarUpa ApavA mATe gAMdhIjIno mArga mokaLo banyo. devidAnA differenceno saMpUrNa viniyoga je rIte arthanA saMpUrNa Adhunika rAjya ane saMskRtinI saMsthApita saMracanAonI sAme lopanI saMbhAvitatA UbhA kare che e paNa eTalI ja saMkSabha kare khaMDIkaraNa ane vikendrIkaraNa siddha karavAnI vAtane vighaTanAtmaka evI vAta che. vidhAyaka anuAdhunikatAvAdIone tattvavicArakendrI vivaraNa (deconstructive disourse) gaNI zakAya. samAjanI ciMtA che, paNa rIjhananI tadana bAdabAdI karavA karatAM e vinirmitivAdIone durbhASAmAM kahevuM hoya to tattvavicArakendrI loko rIjhananuM punaH nirmANa karavAnuM kahe che. jyAre vinirmita (154) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018)

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mImAMsA IzvaranA mRtyunuM ane arthanA avasAnanuM AhvAna kare Adhunika akhilAImAM ke Adhunika nokarazAhImAM vyaktinuM je che tyAre vidhAyaka anuAdhunikatAvAda Agraha rAkhe che. dharma ane rIte vigalana thAya che emAMthI vyaktine bacAvavA mAge che. A AdhyAtmikAe samAjamAM potAnI vidhAyaka bhUmikAne parata meLavavI pachInuM lekhakanuM vidhAna khAsa dhyAna mAgI le evuM, kadAca vivAda ghaTe. gAMdhI alabatta vidhAyaka anuAdhunikatAvAda sAthe vadhu bese jagADanAruM che ke satata vikendrita ane khaMDita thatA jatA selphane che. mAtra mAnavaprakRtimAMnA spiriTa ane bIsTanA gAMdhInA dvandra kAraNe je rIte vyaktino phrenca anuAdhunika sAhityamAM lopa thAya sAme vAMdho Ave. gAMdhIjIno dharma satya ane ahiMsA che, nahIM ke che e paNa eTalo ja ciMtAno viSaya hovo ghaTe. deridAno differance dharmakAMDa ane purohitapaNuM. gAMdhIjInA grAma-gaNataMtravAdamAM nIce saMpUrNa viniyoga je rIte arthanA saMpUrNa lopanI saMbhAvitA UbhI -upara jatAM nahIM, paNa vadhu ne vadhu phelAtAM jatAM vartuLo che. kare che e paNa eTalI ja saMkSobha kare evI vAta che. sAmudrika vartuLa jenA kendramAM vyaktio haze ane sauthI bahAranA gAMdhIjI mAnavajAtane sadIo sudhI paDakAratA rahe to e vartuLa pAse aMdaranA vartuLane kacaDI nAkhavAnI sattA nahIM hoya. navAInI vAta na gaNI zakAya. niraMjana bhagata narasiMha ane lekhaka samApanamAM kahe che ke mana-zarIrano dvandra gAMdhImAM mIrAMnI vAta karatAM kahe che ke narasiMha ane mIrAMnA jIvana vize hovA chatAM e prAgu - Adhunika nahotA, kAraNa ke e daDhapaNe koI pramANa ke AdhAra nathI. emanuM jIvana anumAna ane saMzodhanano mAnatA ke koI paNa vyakti ke saMskRti bIjA yuganA dharmane laI viSaya che. joke emanI kavitA dvArA emanA jIvananI keTalIka zakatI nathI. vyaktinI akhaMDitatA pratye gAMdhI tIvra Adhunika vigato-mukhya vigato sulabha ane suparicita che. paNa kavitA e bhAva dharAvatA, paNa sAthosAtha mAnavajAtanI ekatA ane aMgata itihAsa nathI. emAM rUpaka- rUpakAtmakatA ane kalpanA-kalpakatAnI asmitA (identity)nA sAmAjika nirmANa aMge paNa e eTalA upasthiti hoya che. jyAre gAMdhIjInuM samagra jIvana, emanA jIvananI ja pratibaddha hatA. AdhunikatAvAdanA badhA ja prakhyAta pRthaka bhedo, ane kAryanI dina-pratidinanI nAnImoTI ekeeka vigata ApaNane khAsa karIne hakIkata ane mUlyanA bhedano gAMdhIjIe saMpUrNa nakAra pratyakSa che. gAMdhIjI ApaNA jIvanakALamAM ApaNI vacce jIvyA karyo hato. gAMdhIjInAM viziSTa anuAdhunika pradAno hajI vadhu che. ApaNe emane najaronajara joyA-jANyA che. ethI narasiMha saMgIna abhyAsa ane carcA mAgI le che. ane mIrAnuM jIvana ane kArya samajavAmAM emanI amUlya sahAya gAMdhIjIe prAgU - Adhunika, Adhunika, vighaTanAtmaka ane che. kalApInI sukhyAta kAvya-paMktiomAM gAMdhIjInA nAmano umero vidhAyaka anuAdhunika dRSTikoNothI tapAsatA jatA A lekhamAM karI niraMjana bhagata lakhe che. gAMdhIjInA darzana athavA to kaho ke sArA astitvanI emanI hatAM narasiMha, mIrAM, gAMdhI, kharAM ismI, kharAM zUrAM : feel nAM aneka pAsAMonuM ahIM khUba vizada ane vedhaka phokasiMga amArA kAphalAmAM e musAphara traNa hatAM pUrA! thayuM che. AdhunikatAvAda, prAgu-AdhunikatAvAda ane gAMdhIjIne narasiMha ane mIrAMnA sAcA vaMzaja ane vArasa anuAdhunikatAvAdanI baMne vicAradhArAo paNa ahIM sarasa rIte kahevA e eka arthamAM barAbara hoya to paNa gAMdhIjInI oLakha rajU karavAmAM AvI che. emAMnA beeka lekhakanAM vidhAno to sImita banatI lAge. buddha ane mahAvIranI kakSAmAM mUkavAthI ApaNane khUba ja rasaprada rIte vicAratA karI mUkI zake. eka emanuM bRhad vyaktitva pUrNapaNe abhivyakta thAya che. ahIM viramIe. jagyAe lekhaka kahe che ke pUrvamAM AdhyAtmika TAITanijhama che ane pazcimamAM yaMtrodyogIya TAITanijhama che ane baMne vacce vibhAvAtmaka 403, "cetanA', 142-143, jayaprakAza roDa, samAntaratA che. AtmAnuM AdhyAtmika tattva ane nyuToniyana sAta baMgalA basa Depo pAse, aMdherI (vesTa), paramANunuM nizreSTa tattva e baMne Adhunika vizva-daSTibiMdunA ja muMbaI - 4OOO53. sattAmImAMsAkIya bhAgo che. bIje lekhaka kahe che ke gAMdhI prAgu - phona naM. 022-26341475/ra6991729 "Gandhi continued what the Buddha began, In the Buddha the spirit of love set itself the task of creating different spititual conditions in the world, in Gandhi, it undertakes to transform all worldly conditions." - Dr. Albert Switzer oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (155

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gAMdhIjInI doDhasomI janmazatAbdIe caMdrakAnta zeTha gujarAtI bhASA sAhityanA sevAnivRtta variSTha adhyApaka. pUrva gujarAtI vibhAga, gujarAta vidyApIThanA adhyakSa, kavi, nATyakAra, vArtAkAra, nibaMdhakAra, vivecaka, saMzodhaka, caritrakAra, anuvAdaka. A badhAM svaruponA 75 pustako prakAzita thayelAM che. hAla gujarAtI vizvakoza nirmANamAM kAryarata vyutpanna vidvAna ane ArUDha abhyAsI. gAMdhIjIe eka vAra savAso varSa jIvavAnI vAta karI hatI. ekAdaza IndriyorUpa hatA! gAMdhIjIe A vratonA vinamratApUrvakanA e rIte jo jIvI zakyA hota ane ApaNI vacce keTalAka samaye anuSThAna dvArA tanamananA vikAsa sAthe vyakti-samAjanA sarvAgINa e hAjarAhajUra hota; to e ApaNane kaI rIte jotA hota? udayano Adarza sevyo. emanI A vratasAdhanAmAM sAmAjika, Arthika ApaNe paNa emane kaI rIte jotA hota? AvA prazno to ApaNA ane rAjakIya, dhArmika naitika ane AdhyAtmika - jIvananAM AvAM mATe parama rasa ane tarkanA viSayo che eTaluM nizcita. gAMdhIjInAM mahattvanAM badhAM pAsAMnI zuddhi-samRddhino khyAla gRhIta hato. nAma-kAma pharate je prakAranI jALa-jaMjALo Aje UbhI thaI che yaMtrataMtranI cuMgAlamAM aTavAI keTalIka rIte nItinAzanA - teno khulAso jo gAMdhIjI ApaNI pAse mAge to enA uttaramAM kaho ke AtmahUAsanA mArge AMdhaLI doTa mUkatI mAnavajAtane ApaNA pakSe kharekhara zuM kahevAnuM thAya? A prakAranA aneka prazno gAMdhIjInAM pagalAMnI lipi jo ukelatAM AvaDe to temAMthI potAnI nAgaphaNAnI jema ApaNI samakSa UThe che ane enA uttaramAM? jAtane ugArI laIne Atmagaurava ane AtmavikAsa sAdhavA gAMdhIjI to gAMdhIjI ja hatA. emane rASTrapitA tarIke ApaNe mATeno rAmabANa zaktimaMtra acUka maLI zake ema che. jo UMDANathI sthApyA. teo to sattAnA nahIM, satyanA zAsananA nahIM, sneha- ne sUkSmatAthI gAMdhIjInI rIte jotAM AvaDe to gAMdhIjInA sIdhAsAdA ahiMsAnA adhikArabale bhAratIya janahRdayamAM adhiSThAna pAmyA carakhAcakramAM kRSNanA sudarzanacakranuM, buddhanA dharmacakranuM ne satyahatA. enA kAraNe rASTra samastanA vatsala pitA tarIke e pratiSThita ahiMsAnA zAsananA pracAraka azokanA cakranuM darzana karavuM muzkela thayA. bhAratanA AtmAnA e rakhevALa banI rahyA - 'janagaNamananA nathI. dvArakApurInA eka mohane varSo pUrve AsurI tattvonA nikaMdana e adhinAyaka' tarIke UpasI AvyA. bhAratanA aMtarAtmAno mATe sudarzanacakra prayojyuM hatuM. e pachI saikAo bAda e ja avAja e banI rahyA. emanAmAM bhAratanA bhAgavidhAtA thavAnI dvArakApurInI paDakhe AvelI sudAmApurInA bIjA mohane kSamatAzakti hatI ja. e evA rASTrapuruSa thayA, jemanA lohImAM mAnavajIvanane pradUSita karanArA aniSTonA nivAraNa mATe carakhAcakra bhAratIyatA hatI ane jemanI najaramAM vaizvikatA hatI. teo prayojyu. dvArakApurInA mohana to mAtra pote ja cakradhara hatA; satata potAnAmAM vizvAtmAne pragaTa karavA mATe apramAdapaNe sudAmApurInA mohana to potAnI sAthe anekane cakradhara karavA puruSArthata rahyA. e rIte temanuM samagra jIvana dharmArthInuM mokSArthInuM mathatA hatA. gAMdhIjInuM A carakhAcakra dekhItI rIte ja banI rahyuM. daridranArAyaNanA ahiMsaka Ayudha rUpe daSTigocara thAya che; paraMtu satyarUpI IzvaranA sAkSAtkAra mATe ataMdra rIte udyata rahenAra talasparzI rIte joIe to satyanArAyaNanA zreyodharmI zAsananA gAMdhIjIne bhAratanA AtmAno to kharo ja, mAnavatAno paNa pratIka rUpe paNa e pratIta thAya che. pAko sAkSAtkAra hato. emanAM caraNone bhAratanI mATIno sparza gAMdhIjI DALAMpAMkhaDAne nahIM paNa mULane pakaDIne cAlanArA hato, to emanI AMkhone bhAratanA svapnasabhara AkAzano, jyAM krAMtidharmI mahApuruSa hatA. potAnA gharanI badhI bArIo khullI rAmarAjyanuM - kaho ke satyarAjyanuM pravartana hoya evA bhAratanA rAkhavAmAM mAnanArA A mahAtmA potAnA paga nakkara dharatI para e svapnadraSTA - svapnazilpI ke svapnasRSTA hatA. bhAratanA barobara majabUta rahe e mATe pUratA sAvadha ane sakriya hatA. adanAmAM adanA, chellAmAM chellA manuSyanA uddhAra - aMtyodaye jIvana ane jagatanA koI paNa hisAbamAM ekaDo to manuSyanI teo samasta mAnavasamAjano sarvodaya - enuM svAthya vAMchatA potAnI jAta ja hoI zake. tethI ja vikAsanI koI paNa vAta hatA. saunA jIvanamAM - samagra jagatamAM e maMgaLa prabhAtano udaya manuSya potAnI jAtathI ja zarU karavAnI rahe che. Atmazuddhi vinA thAya e mATe kRtasaMkalpa hatA. satya, ahiMsA, brahmacarya, asvAda, jo samAjazuddhi, to AtmavikAsa vinA samAjavikAsa zakya ja asteya. aparigraha, abhaya, aspRzyatAnivAraNa. jAtamahenata, nathI. gAMdhIjIe piMDathI brahmAMDa sudhInA saMvAdI vikAsanuM setudarzana sahiSNutA ke sarvadharmasamabhAva ane svadezI - e ekAdaza vrata ApaNane ApyuM. goraLIyAna evA tattvane samyakatayA prIchatAM gAMdhIjInI satyayoganI - rASTrayoganI sAdhanAmAM jJAnakarmanI jANe prIchatAM - pAmatAM pAmatAM ja mahattIrSadIyAna evA vizvatattvanA (156) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018)

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Akalana sudhI pahoMcI zakAya che te emaNe batAvyuM. - saMcAlana karatA hatA. ApaNuM hovuM (Being) ane ApaNuM thavuM (Becoming) gAMdhIjInI lokakrAntimAM zreyalakSI mAnasaparivartana pAyAnI aMtaratama rIte to satya para ja nirbhara che. jhINI, UMDI ane bAbata che; paraMtu e parivartana bhayathI nahIM, abhayathI, dveSathI svaccha najare jotAM turata jaNAze ke satyathI cheka ja alipta ke nahIM, snehathI; zAsanathI nahI; samajaNathI thAya e apekSita che. aspaSTa rahI jIvI ja na zakAya - zetAnathI paNa nahIM! satya koI jyAM krAMtimAM snehatattvanI - satyalakSI ahiMsAnI prANapratiSThA ne koI rIte ApaNane vaLageluM rahe che - AgaLa vadhIne kahevuM hoya thaI tyAM AtmazraddhA ne AtmapratIti, Atmazista ane AtmasvAtaMtrya to satyanI ja saMtati rUpe ApaNuM astitva che. satya sAthenA AvA go-vatsanyAye AvI ja javAnAM. Atmazista ne AtmasaMyamanA avinAbhAvisaMbaMdhane kAraNe - nALabaMdhane kAraNe manuSyamAtrane kaDaka AgrahI - satyAgrahI gAMdhIjI AtmasvAtaMtra dvArA rASTrasvAtaMtra vidheyAtmaka abhigama jovo-jANavo-pramANavo e anivArya bane ne mAnavasvAtaMtryanA parama puraskartA banI rahe che. "sI vidyA | che. manuSyanI zraddheyatA enI satyAvalaMbitAne kAraNe ja che. enI vimuru' no dhyAnamaMtra siddha karavA mATe temaNe karelI gujarAta svAvalaMbitAnA mULamAM paNa A satyAvalaMbitA ja che. gAMdhIjIe vidyApIThanI sthApanAne teo sAbhiprAya koI RSinA kArya rUpe e zraddhAsUtrane barobara rahIne potAnA jIvanamAM evo to karizmA oLakhAve che. gAMdhIjInI krAMti vAstavamAM prema dvArA mAnasaparivartana - kImiyo karI batAvyo ke gAMdhIjInuM jIvana ja satyanA avayaMbhAvi thatAM vyakti tema ja samaSTijIvanamAM sadhAtI rahetI sAcI zAMtinuM vijayanA eka prabaLa saMcAra-saMketarUpa banI rahyuM. satyanA prayogoe ja bIjuM nAma che. gAMdhIjInI krAMti preyamAMthI zreyamAM, asatyamAMthI eka 'alpAtmA' kevo to 'mahAtmA' rUpe ughADa pAme che te ApaNe satyamAM, tamasamAMthI jyotimAM ane mRtyumAMthI amRtamAM thatI emanA dRSTAMtamAM pAmIe chIe. ne eTale ja emanuM jIvana mAnavamananI udgati-unnatinA sIdhA paryAyarUpa che. ApaNA sau mATe satyanA dRSTipUta-manaHpUta saMdezArUpa banI rahyuM mAnavajAtanuM UjaLuM bhaviSya to AvI krAMtimAM ja hoya. gAMdhImArga jIvananuM kariyuM karavAno ke enA AnaMdanA sukavaNAno - gAMdhIjI manasA, vAcA, karmaNA svayaMne keLavatAM keLavatAM mArga nathI ja. e Atmadamanano nahIM paraMtu Atmazamanano - sarvane keLavavAnI cAvI hAtha kare che. Atmavat sarvabhUteSu nA bhAve AtmazAMtino mArga che. pathya vicAra, vANI ane vartana dvArA prerAIne A saMsArI puruSa anokhI rIte 'AzramI' 'Azramaprastha' jIvananA zAzvata AnaMdollAsane aMke karI levAno mArga che; bane che. emanI jIvanazailI emanI satyAgrahanI laDato paNa takalI ke reMTiyA dvArA bhUkhyA janono jaTharAgni zAMta thatAM - manuSya keLavaNInI emanI vyApaka bhAvanAnA ja asarakAraka kAryakrama emanA peTano khADo purAtAM, e sAthe emanA gAlanA khADAye rUpe ApaNane samajAya che. gAMdhIjIe rASTra mATeno je svAtaMtrayajJa purAtAM taMdurastI ne tRptinI je dIpti mukha para laherAya enA mAMDyo temAM Ahutio to anekanI, aneka rUpe levAI paNa prasannamaMgaLa darzanano e mArga che. emAM pahelI mahattvanI Ahuti to emanI potAnI ja. koI gAMdhIjI to harizcaMdra ane sokreTisanI, buddha ane IzunI saramukhatyAranI rIte nahIM, paraMtu saMtanI rIte teo saune Atmonnati satya-snehanI tejasvI paraMparAnA udvAhaka. damayaMtInA karatalamAM dvArA rASTronnati sAdhavAnA, svarAjya dvArA AtmarAjya pAmavAnA eka varadAnanA baLe - satItvanA baLe evI to zakti AvelI pAvaka yajJakAryamAM saMDovatA rahyA. ke mRta matsya paNa enA sparze sajIvana thaI zakatAM hatAM. gAMdhIjImAM gAMdhIjIe manuSyanA AMtaraparivartana - mAnasaparivartana dvArA paNa satya-ahiMsAnI utkaTa tapa-sAdhanAne kAraNe evI zakti samAja- parivartana - rASTraparivartana siddha karavAnI umeda rAkhI. AvelI ke emanA samAgamamAM AvanAra keTalAya maDadAla mATImAMthI anya krAMtikArIothI gAMdhIjInI A krAMti vadhu mUlagAmI, vadhu marada rUpe bahAra AvI zakyA hatA. teo bhAratanI karoDonI sUkSma, vadhu sarjanAtmaka ne TakAu mUlyovALI jaNAya che. gAMdhIjInI janatAnA amRtadhara dhavaMtari banI rahyA. bhAratanI nADa varatIne A krAMtimAM koInuM lohI zoSavA ke reDavAnI to vAta ja nahotI, - enA paMDanA rAjarogane parakhIne gAMdhIjIe ekAdazI vrato vAta hatI prAmANika parizramano parasevo pADavAnI, karuNAnAM ane te para nirbhara racanAtmaka kAryakramo dvArA roganivAraNa sAthe AMsu vahAvavAnI. gAMdhIjInI krAMtimAM muddAnI vAta mULa badalavAnI ja amRtasaMjIvanInA siMcane teno kAyAkalpa karavAnuM amogha kArya - mATI palaTavAnI hatI; DALAMpAMkhaDAM ke phUlaphaLa to kALe karIne hAtha dharyuM. e kArya niSphaLa to thaI ja na zake. ApoApa badalAIne rahevAnAM ja hatAM. gAMdhIjInI sUkSma dRSTi gAMdhI gayA, gAMdhImArganuM vivekapUrNa anusaraNa karanArAye sarva krAMtinA mULamAM mAnavaprakRtinAM - mAnavajIvananAM je buniyAdI aneka gayA; paNa tethI gAMdhIjInI ke gAMdhImArganI niSphaLatA tattvo kAma kare che temano barobara tAga letI hatI ane te pachI puravAra thatI nathI. sAcuM bolavAthI, sneha ne ahiMsAnI bhAvanAthI ja tenA AdhAre teo lokakrAMtinA sarva pathya kAryakramonuM Ayojana vartavAthI; aparigraha ne sAdAI keLavavAthI - e rIte gAMdhI oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (157

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vratonuM kharA dilathI pAlana karavAthI kyAreya koIyenuM jarAya bUruM saMpUrti ke saMsiddhi mATe emanI AMdhaLI nakala karavAnI jarUra nathI; thaI zake kharuM? UlaTuM, e vratonA pAlane ja sAcAM sukha-zAMtino jarUra che ApaNe ApaNI asaliyata - ApaNo viveka sAcavIne, anubhava zakya bane. gAMdhIvato ja evAM che ke enA pAlane ApaNAmAMnA duritanA pratIkarUpa rAvaNatvane mahAta karIne koInuMye jIvana praphullita ne saphaLa ja thAya. niSphaLatA to e ApaNAmAMnA rAmatvano utkarSa sAdhavAnI. e utkarSa sadhAyo ke vratonA bhaMgathI ke tenA vikRta yA zithila amalane kAraNe ja gAMdhIjInuM rAmarAjya - emanuM manorAjya - emanuM sAmrAjya satya saMbhavI zake. gAMdhIjInI vatamaya krAMtimAM kevaLa bhautika nahIM ne ahiMsAnuM, sneha ne saMskAritAnuM pAkelA phaLanI jema ApaNA AdhyAtmika svasthatA ne zAMtinI gItAkAra-samarthita bAMhedharI che khoLAmAM AvI paDyuM ja juo. gAMdhIjI satyAgrahanI krAMtizakti : "nahi tyAga kuliMtA chatA' gAMdhIjInI krAMtimAM dvArA je svarganuM darzana ApaNane karAvavA cAhatA hatA te sadbhAgye, - emanI mUka sevAmAM svAtaMtrya , samatve ne baMdhutve sadhAtI tridala ApaNI bahAra nahIM, ApaNI aMdara, ApaNI daivI zaktinA zAMtinI zAzvata jayaghoSaNA pAmI zakAya che. mAnavajIvanamAM jyAM adhikArakSetramAM ja adhiSThita che. e svarganI jhAMkhI gAMdhIjIe sudhI satya ne ahiMsA prastuta che tyAM sudhI gAMdhIjI prastuta ja emanI samagra jIvanasAdhanA dvArA ApaNane karAvI; zuM ApaNe raheze. gAMdhIjI niSphaLa gayA ja nathI; niSphaLa to ApaNe gayA ApaNI pAchaLa AvI rahelI peDhIone hajuye tenI jhalakajhAMkhI chIe - satya ne ahiMsAnA emanA mahAna Adarzane sAthe laIne nahIM karAvIzuM? gAMdhIjInI doDhasomI janmajayaMtIe paNa e mATe ApaNe cAlI zakyA nahIM mATe. gAMdhIjI bhUlA paDyA ja nathI; kRtanizraya kaTibaddha thavAnI ApaNI javAbadArI ApaNane nahIM bhUlA to ApaNe paDayA chIe - ATalI yuddhakhorI, zoSaNakhorI, samajAya? ApaNe jhaLahaLa prakAzamAM AMkho mIMcI daIne UbhA garIbAI ne hatAzAnA mULamAM je roga che te jANyA chatAM te dUra UbhA dIvA mATenA pokAro ja karatA rahIzuM? ApaNI nayaNAMnI karavAnI zivasaMkalpazaktimAM ApaNe dhRtarASTranI rIte ALasa kyAre jaze? zubha kArya to zIdhra thavuM joIe; e mATe kaMI AtmavaMcanApUrvaka satata pramAda, nabaLAI ne zaithilya dAkhavatA rAha jovAya? gAMdhIjInI pUMThe to jAgyA tyAMthI savAra - e rahyA chIe tethI. bhAvanAe kAme lAgI javAnuM hoya. ApaNe ApaNAmAMnA - gAMdhIjIno kSara deha gayo, paNa ApaNane preraNA ne prakAza 'akhilazaktidhara'ne prArthIe ke ApaNane gAMdhInA mArge sakriya arpato emanA aMtarAtmAno jhINo pAvanakArI avAja - emanA thavAnuM - citta, vAcA ne kriyAmAM ekarUpa thavAnuM baLa Ape. sadAcArI jIvananI sattvazIlatAno raNako Ajeya ApaNI sAthe ja che. ApaNe IcchIe to gAMdhIjInA jIvana-svapnane Ajeya sAkAra bI,9, pUrNezvara phaleTsa, karI zakIe. gAMdhIjIno kAryakrama upADavA mATe to jIvananI koI gulabanI TekarA upara, amadAvAda - 380015 paNa ghaDI zukanavaMtI ne zubha ja che. emaNe je kAryo AdaryA tenI phona naM. 09428181797 Sardar Patel, Rajkumari Amrti Kaur, Baldev Singh and others signing the Indian Constitution, 24th January 1950 (Including Original Negative and Envelope) 158 satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha) praba jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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vizvanI sauthI rasaprada vyakti H gAMdhI | mahendra coTaliyA vallabhavidyAnagara khAte ejyukezananA prophesara che. cilDarna yunivarsiTInA paNa prophesara che. 'lebara' para pIeca.DI. karyuM che.) 1. vyakticitra enI patnI, thoDA strIsahaja khacakATa pachI, tenA udAharaNane eziyAnA sauthI kadarUpA, pAtaLA, nabaLA, mANasanI kalpanA anusarI che. e khullA bhoMyataLiyA para khAdIno eka kaTako karo. AnA caherA ane zarIrano varNa kAMsA jevo che. TUMkA kApelA pAtharIne tenA para suve che. te badAma, keLAM, lIMbu, nAraMgI, vALa, sapheda mAthuM, bahAra nIkaLelAM gAlanAM hADakAM, karuNAsabhara khajUra, bhAta, ane bakarInA dUdha para jIve che. ghaNIvAra mahinAo nAnI badAmI AMkho. moTuM ne lagabhaga bokhuM moTuM, moTA kAna. sudhI te phaLa ane dUdha sivAya bIjuM kAMI leto nathI. teNe jIvanamAM kadAvara nAka, pAtaLA hAtha ane paga, mAtra kamaravastra paherIne e phakta eka ja vakhata mAMsa cAkhyuM che. sAmAnya rIte je bALakone te aMgreja nyAyAdhIzanI samakSa Ubho che. enA para kesa cAle che kema bhaNAve che temanI joDe ja te khAvA bese che. A chokarAMo ja enuM ke e enA dezabAMdhavone svataMtratAnA pATha zIkhavato hato. pharIthI eka mAtra sarjana che. ane jyAre 1922mAM nAmadAra sarakAranA kalpanA karoH e ja vezabhUSAmAM e vAIsaraoNyanA baMgalAmAM, amaladAro tenI dharapakaDa karavA AvyA tyAre teoe joyuM ke A dilhImAM iMglenDanA sarvocca pratinidhio sAthe samAna kakSAe to pelA juvAniyAo sAthe vADAmAM TIkhaLamastI karato hato. te eka pariSadamAM bhAga laI rahyo che. athavA to evuM citra kalpo savAranA cAra vAgye nAhIne eka kalAka lagI prArthanA, dhyAna kare ke e amadAvAdamAM tenA satyAgraha AzramanA khAlIkhama rUmamAM che. eTaluM ja nahi te upavAsa paNa kare che. 'jema mane upavAsa eka nAnI caTAI para beTho che ke satyazodhakonI maMDaLImAM beTho che. vagara cAle tema mane AMkho vagara paNa cAlI jAya. bahAranA tenAM hADakAM nIkaLelA pagane, taLiyA upara hoya te rIte teNe yogI jagatamAM je sthAna AMkhonuM che te AMtara jagatamAM upavAsanuM che;' mudrAmAM palAMThIvALIne rAkhyA che. enA hAtha reTiMyo kAMtavAmAM te kahe che, 'jemajema lohI pAtaLuM paDatuM jAya tematema mana spaSTa mazagUla che ne caherA para enI prajAnA dardanI rekhAo aMkAyelI thatuM jAya. asaMgata bAbato kharI paDe che ane mULabhUta bAbato, ne che. ane enuM mana svataMtratA aMge prazna uThAvanAra koIpaNa vyaktine kyAreka to vizvano AtmA paNa vAdaLA soMsaravI dekhAtI parvatanI ApavAnA taiyAra javAbothI dhamadhame che. A ardhanagna vaNakara TocanI jema dekhAvA mAMDe che.' 32 karoDa hinduonA AdhyAtmika ane rAjakIya netA che. jyAre 2. vicAraNA e jAheramAM Ave che tyAre loko enA kapaDAMne sparzavA ke tenA A badhI vigato karatAM gAMdhI mATe vadhu agatyanI hatI hetupagane cUmavA mATe AsapAsa ToLe vaLe che. buddha pachI bIjA koI siddhi mATenI paddhati; kema ke paddhatinA khyAla vagaranuM dhyeya vyartha mAnavane bhArate ATalA bhAvathI pUjyA nathI. badhI ja saMbhAvanAo gaNAya. satyAgraha karatAM vadhAre mahAna hatI ahiMsA. pazcimanA che ke te Aje vizvanI sauthI agatyanI ane niHzaMkapaNe sauthI krAntikArIothI alaga, gAMdhI koI evA sAdhyane mUlyavAna nahotA rasaprada hastI che. sadIo pachI paNa jyAre enA samakAlInonAM gaNatA ke jene prApta karavA mATe hiMsAno Azaro levo paDe. sauthI nAma paNa visarAI gayAM haze tyAre ene badhAM yAda karatA haze. unnata koI dhyeya hoya to te che manuSyane prANIvRttimAMthI bahAra e tamane koIpaNa jAtanA rAga ke bhabhakA vagara AvakAre kADhavo. hiMsA AcaravI eTale pharIthI jaMgalI banavuM, ane koIne che. tamane besavA mATe khurazI Ape che, paNa e to bhoMya para dhikkAryA ke IjA pahoMcADyA vagara virodha karavAnI AvaData e besavAmAM ja saMtuSTa che. e kSaNabhara tamArI sAme jue che. uttama manuSyanI kasoTI che. bhAratanA loko mATe tamane je rasa che te mATe smita karIne tamane AvI premapUrNa virodha karavAnI dharmAjJA hinduone barAbara anumodana Ape che. ane pachI vAto karatAM karatAM enuM reMTiyo gamI gaI. kema ke be hajAra karatAMya vadhAre varSothI temanA dharmoe kAMtavAnuM pAchuM cAlu karI de che. divasanA cAra kalAka to te jADI teone vinamratA, saumya ane zAMtinuM zikSaNa ApyuM hatuM. buddha khAdI kAMte che. A duniyAmAM enI saMpattimAM khAdInAM traNa vastro teone Isu khrista karatAM pAMca sadI pUrve upadeza Apelo ke kadI che je tene mATe tenuM vastra-kabATa che. eka vakhatanA A zrImaMta koI sajIvane hAni pahoMcADavI nahIM. buddhanI pahelAM mahAvIre vakIle potAnI badhI ja milakata garIbone ApI dIdhI che. ane tenA jaina paMtha dvArA AvuM ja zikSaNa ApeluM. pachI brAhmaNavAde A oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (159

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siddhAMtane apanAvyo ane samagra bhAratamAM tene vyApaka banAvI dIdho. gAMdhInuM kuTuMba barAbara e ja paMthanuM hatuM ke jemAM sauthI vadhAre bhAra ahiMsAnA AcaraNa para mUkavAmAM Avato hato. gAMdhI mATe rAjanIti karatAM dharma ane AjhAdI karatAM mAnavatA vadhu agatyanI hatI. dharma aMgenI tenI mULa vibhAvanA hatI : samagra jIvana mATe ahobhAva. eNe A hindu siddhAMtamAM Isu khristano 'potAnA duzmanane cAhavA'no siddhAMta umeryo. anekavAra eNe potAnA duzmanone mApha karI dIdhA che. enA udAra cittanI vizALatAmAM to aMgreja sajjanone prema karavAno paNa samAveza thAya che. Ama te kaMI sAva mAMdha nathI, te apavAdone pArakhI zake. che. ''huM mAnuM chuM ke jyAre kAyaratA ane hiMsA vacce pasaMdagI karavAnI hoya tyAre huM hiMsAnI himAyata karIza." jo koI vyakti mAtra bhayanA kAraNe zAMta hoya to gAMdhI temane hiMsaka banavAnuM kaheze. lAbhalika hiMmata ane saccAI sahita potAnI netAgIrIne jokhamamAM mUkIne paNa e eka ja zabdamAM kahe che, "hindu, niyama tarIke, kAyara ja hovAno.'' keTalAka hinduoe lUMTArAone potAnAM ghara lUMTavAnI ane strIonI beIjjatI karavA dIdhI. gAMdhI temane pUche che : "jemanAM ghara lUMTAI gayAM e mAlikoe jaNasa bacAvavAnA prayAsamAM jIva kema na dIdho? mArI ahiMsA bhayathI bhAgI javAnuM ane svajanone rakSaNa rahita choDI devAnuM svIkAratI nathI.'' kAraNa ke nAmarda loko mATe ahiMsA to mAtra teonI 'bezarama kAyaratAne DhAMkavAnuM mahoruM banI gaI che.'' e kahe che, ''ahiMsAnA guNagAna gAvAmAM lAgI jatAM pahelAM loko hiMsA AcarIne paNa potAnI jAtane bacAvavA zIkhI jAya te apekSita nathI?'' Ama to, AvA kissAmAM hiMsaka virodha karatAM paNa koI unnata bAbata rahelI che. jyAre koI vyakti pa2 AkramaNa thAya tyAre te zakya teTalA prayAsathI hiMsA vagara teno avarodha kare che ane pachI uparavaTa jaIne, tAbe thavA InkAra kare che. paraMtu te pratikAra vagara dhA sahana kare che ane jo jarUra paDe to te ja jagyAe jIva paNa tyAgI de che. bhAratanA lokoe Ama karavuM joIe. samagra prajAne nAmarda banAvavA karatAM huM hajAra vakhata hiMsA karavAnuM jokhama kheDIza. potAnA apamAnano kAyaratApUrvaka lAcAra zikAra banI rahevA karatAM, potAnA sanmAnane rakSavA kAje bhArata zastrano Azaro le te huM vadhu pasaMda karIza, paraMtu huM mAnuM chuM ke ke hiMsA karatAM ahiMsA anaMtagaNI zreSTha che. ene hiMsAmAM azraddhA che, kema ke prAraMbhamAM e vicArahIna ToLAne zaktimAna banAve che ane aMte e koI nyAyI mANasane saratAja nathI banAvatI paNa sauthI hiMsakane banAve che. e bolzevikavAdane paNa tarachoDe che kema ke e bhAratanI tAsIra ane satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 160 lo mATe parAyo che. "evuM bane ke bIjA dezomAM nirdaya tAkAta dvArA sarakArane uthalAvI nAkhavAmAM Ave. paraMtu bhArata kadI mukko ugAmIne AjhAdI meLavaze nahIM. enAM navAM pratibiMbo, jema ke juvAna naheru, hinduone zastra ApavA ane raziyAnA udAharaNane anusaravA Atura che. paNa gAMdhI teone cImakI Ape che ke khUnakharAbA para AdhArita AjhAdI mAlikonI pherabadalI sivAya bIjuM kaMI hAMsala na karAvI zake. "huM saphaLatA mATe koI hiMsaka zorTakaTamAM mAnato nathI, bolzevikavAda to Adhunika bhautikavAdanuM anivArya pariNAma hatuM. gAMDapaNanI hada sudhInI naitika bAbatonI enI bhaktimAMthI eka evI vicAradhArA janmI ke je mAtra bhautika pragatine ja dhyeya mAnI le che. e vicAradhArAe jIvananI aMtima bAbato sAtheno sparza ja gumAvI dIdho che.'' pazcimanI vicArasaraNIthI raMgAyelA mana mATe A sAmAjika darzananuM eka utkRSTa pAsuM e che ke eno rUsonA romAnTisijhama (raMgadarzitAvAda) ane phlegala kALanA 'yuvAna jarmanI' sAthe viziSTa meLa bese che. temAM paNa sabhyatA, zahero ane udyogo mATe Avo je virodha che ane jUnA madhyayuganA AdarzonI rItarasamo mATenI AvI ja jhaMkhanA. dostovastInA slAvAnurAga (Slavophilism) nI jema pazcimanA virodhamAM pUrva mATenI agratA, evo ja UrmizIla rASTravAda ane videzI vastuo mATeno bhaya, dezI bhASAo mATeno evo ja lagAva, ane prAraMbhika kALamAM lakhAyelA sAhityanuM AvuM ja punarjIvana, ane manuSyanI naisargika sA25nI AvI ja mAnyatA oNkTobara- 2018 paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka pazcima to haMmezA ema ja vicAraze ke ahiMsA e kamajora lokono paMtha che ane bauddhikonI kAyaratA DhAMkavA mATenI khaMjarapatra philasUphI che. AthI ja gAMdhI potAnI prajAne kahe che - AjhAdInI jhuMbeza daramiyAna koI paNa prakAranI pIDA bhogavavA mATe bhArate tatpara rahevuM paDaze. ane chatAM kyAreya hiMsaka pratiAkramaNa karavAnuM nathI baMdUkanI goLIo ane phaTakAo, bomba ane kAratUsono eka ja pratyutara hoyaH briTiza vepArIo, briTiza mAlasAmAna ane briTiza sarakAra sAthe koI paNa prakArano vyavahAra karavAno dhIrajapUrvakano InkAra. "bhArata mATe yuddhanAM medAno paranI vIratA azakya che, paraMtu AtmAnI vIratAnAM dvAra ApaNA mATe khullAM che. asahakAra eTale sva-balidAnanI tAlImathI UtaratuM kazuM ja nahIM.'' dhana gopAla mukarjIne eka birAdara tarIke kahevAmAM AveluM ke : ''jyAM sudhI ApaNuM lohI nadImAM vahetuM nahIM thAya tyAM sudhI briTizarAjano pAyo koI halAvI nahIM zake. ApaNe ApaNI jAtanI ja Ahuti ApavI joIe. jo ApaNane mAra mAravAmAM Avaze to enAthI bhAratanI kAyaratA dhovAI jaze.'' jyAre hinduo AvA zabdo uccAre che tyAre AjhAdI najIkamAM ja che. 3. AlocanA

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para AdhArita mukti mATenuM AvuM ja AvAhana pragaTa thAya che. mATe jemAM Izvara pragaTa thavAnI hiMmata karI zake tevuM, eka ja 'huM manuSyanI naisargikatAmAM vizvAsa dharAvuM chuM,'' gAMdhI kahe che. svarUpa che-kAma ane rojI tarIke khorAka ApavAno vAyado... ane koIpaNa romAnTika (raMgadarzI) vidrohInI jema te potAnA dareka vyaktie kAMtavuM joIe. bIjA badhAnI jema TAgore paNa hetune vistArIne ene mAnavajAtano hetu banAvI de che. bhArata kAMtavuM joIe. eNe enAM videzI kapaDAM bALI devAM joIe. dvArA gAMdhI samagra vizvamAM mukti preraze. "svarAja, homarUla, e Ajano e ja dharma che. AvatIkAlanI saMbhALa Izvara leze. kaMI amAruM aMtima dhyeya nathI. amArI laDAI to vAstavamAM gAMdhImAM sauthI vakhANavA lAyaka kaMI hoya to te che AvI AdhyAtmika laDAI che... ame pUrvanA adanA nirAzrito chIe, AlocanAnuM potAnA ja presamAMthI ImAnadArIpUrvaka prakAzana, ane amAre ja samagra mAnavajAta mATe mukti hAMsala karavAnI che.'' TAgorane bAda karatAM badhA ja lokone teNe ApelA dhIrajapUrvakanA jyAre pazcimanuM dila enI 'pragati', enI AbAda, enAM yaMtro ane saujanyapUrNa uttaro. e jANe che ke pote eka adano AdamI ane enI gatithI ubAI jaze tyAre e bacI javA mATe bhArata che. ane tenA vize koI divya preraNA' nI gAMDIghelI vAta paNa tarapha pagalAM mAMDaze. nathI. te nikhAlasatAthI kahe che: "jo mArI mAnyatA eka AsaktipUrNa joke ApaNe e na mAnI levuM joIe ke hindu vicAradhArAmAM bhama lAgatI hoya to sAthosAtha e paNa svIkAravuM joIe ke e mAnanArA badhA netAo gAMdhInA paMthane anusare che. enA sAptAhika eka mohaka bhrama che.'' yaMga InDiyAnA sauthI rasaprada pAna e hoya che ke jemAM TAgorathI ane tema chatAM te AzA seve che ke e koI bhama nathI. e laIne achUto sudhInA badhA ja darajjAnA hindustAnIo emanA koI rASTravAdInuM zamaNuM nathI. e yuddha ane moTAIne dhikkAre che, pratibhAvo lakhe che; enAM maMtavyo sAme savAlo UThAve che ane ane evI jIvanazailInI prasthApanA karavAnI zraddhA rAkhe che ke ghaNIvAra temane vinayapUrvaka bacAva rajU karavA mATe pharaja pADe che. jemAM bhAgadoDathI kaMTALI gayelA pazcimane anukaraNa karavA jevuM jyAre A badhA Alocako saMtuSTa thaI jAya che pachI pazcimavAsI kazuMka maLe. e mAtra bhAratane ja nahIM paraMtu samagra mAnavajAtane mATe kaMI umerI zakAya tevuM rahetuM nathI. vyathita ane pIDita thayelI jue che. e jANe che ke asahakAra eka bhAratanA RSi-kavi ravIndranAtha TAgora potAnI nama rIte apUrNa bAbata che, ne evuM paNa samaje che ke badhA sAtheno sahakAra enA mitranA kAryakramamAM je muzkelIo vartAya che tenA vize vAta e ja Adarza hoI zake. paraMtu AjanA samayamAM bhAratanI veravikhera kare che. amadAvAda khAtenA satyAgrahAzrama ane kalakattA khAtenI jAtio ane gAmaDAMone ekatAnA sUtre bAMdhavA mATe asahakAra TAgoranI zALA zAMtiniketana vacce eka saujanyapUrNa zatrutA UbhI e jarUrI evI zista che. eNe ja bhAratane pramAdamAMthI beThuM karyuM thaI che. kavi haMmezA saMta pratyenA sarvocca sanmAna sahita vAta kare che ane eka navI ja zaktino saMcAra karyo che. e samaje che ke che - paNa haMmezA thoDA kALajIpUrvakanA apavAdo jALavIne. ene topothI thatharI UThatA AjanA jagatamAM ahiMsAnI bhAvanA e gAMdhImAM saMkucita rASTravAdanA ane vadhu kharAba rIte madhyayugI keTaluM kSudra zastra che. paraMtu tadana zastrahIna deza pAse bIjo rasto pratyAghAtanI eka spaSTa lAkSaNikatAnA sUra saMbhaLAya che : 'kAMto paNa kayo che? gAMdhI tenA 'bhAratamAMnA sarva aMgrejone khullo patra' ane vaNo!'' - zuM A koI navA sarjanazIla yuganI divya vArtA nAmanA lekhamAM kahe che, "tame jANo cho ke ame zaktihIna chIe, che? carakhAne gaLe bAMdhI rAkho, vaizvika udyogIkaraNanA pravAhanI kema ke tame ja khullA medAno ane moTAM yuddhamAM laDavAnI amArI bahAra nIkaLI javAno prayAsa karavo, Adhunika jIvana sAthe aprastuta akSamatA para mahora mArI che.'' gAMdhInA lakhANa mATe A zabdAvali AdikALanI paristhitimAM pAchA javAthI koI prajA mahAna banI vicitra gaNAya. te lakhe che ke, 'briTiza sattA Icche che ke amAro zake ema vicAravuM - A badhuM ja eka saMkIrNa darzana sUcave che. saMgharSa mazInagananA stara para AvI jAya. temanI pAse AvAM bhArate yuganI sAthe kadama milAvavAM ja paDaze. teNe potAnA ja hathiyAro che, amArI pAse nathI. teone harAvavAnI amane eka pIDita lokonA saMdarbhamAM nahIM paraMtu dareka dezanA pIDita lokonA mAtra khAtarI e che ke ame saMgharSane e stara para rAkhIe ke jyAM saMdarbhamAM vicAravuM paDaze. bhAratane pazcimathI chUTA pADavAno prayatna amArI pAse zastro hoya ane temanI pAse nA hoya... bhArata karavo e eka AdhyAtmika ApaghAta che.'' A badhAne gAMdhI mATe talavArano mArga khullo nathI.'' hA, hiMsA e to prANIjagatano javAba A rIte Ape che : kAyado che; paraMtu bhAvanAnA baLanuM palluM mukkA ane baMdUkanI - jyAre mArI AsapAsanA loko dhAna vagara bhUkhe marI rahyA zaktinA pallA karatAM vadhu ne vadhu bhAre thatuM jAya che. ahiMsAnuM hoya tyAre mane koI kAma karavAnI chUTa hoya to te che bhUkhyA darzana kadAca kAyaro pedA kare athavA to temane bhAgeDu banavAnI lokone khavaDAvavuM. bhukhe maratAM ne kAma na maLatuM hoya tevA loko philasUphI Ape; paraMtu enA dvArA asIma vIratva dharAvatA saMto oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha) (161

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paNa sarjAya che. teo julamagAranA bhAlA ane pistolo sAme eka mahAna baLa tarIke gaNatarImAM levo paDe. khristI dharmanI patAkA bhaya rAkhyA vagara ane pIchehaTha karyA vagara UbhA rahI zake che. huM heThaLa eNe ajANatAM ja mAnavajAtano pAMcamo bhAga joDIne A IcchuM ke bhAratanI krAMtino ItihAsa A vAtane puravAra kare. jo dharmane Adhunika kALanAM badhAM dRSTAMtane oLaMgI jAya teTalo umadA bhArata hiMsA vagara AjhAdI nahIM meLavI zake to, gAMdhInA nirNaya banAvI dIdho che. trIjuM, eNe eka peDhI sudhI eka krAMtikArI anusAra, hiMsA dvArA paNa nahIM meLanI zake. AMdolanane, chUTIchavAyI hiMsAne bAda karatAM, jArI rAkhyuM che. ItihAsa ApaNane zIkhave che ke jo koI niHzaMkapaNe prAmANika eNe ToLAMne uzkeravAno nanaiyo bhaNyo che; ane A rIte e IrAdAothI paNa, krUratAno upayoga karIne lobhI vyaktine luMTIne arAjakatAthI trAsI gayelI mAnavajAta mATe varadAnarUpa sAbita bahAra dhakelI de, to pachI e AkramaNakArIone, jenA para jIta thayA che. teo rAjanItinA eka mULabhUta siddhAMtaH uddAmavAdIone maLI che tenA roga (lobha-lAlaca)no zikAra banavAno vAro samajAvavuM ke kAyamI thavA mAgatuM parivartana kramika ja hoya, ane Avaze ja... jo bhArata hiMsaka mArgo akhatyAra karaze to enI rUDhicustone samajAvavuM ke parivartana to thavuM ja joIe nI najIka AjhAdImAMthI mAro rasa UThI jaze. kema ke e sAdhanonuM pariNAma pahoMcyA che. ItihAsamAM agAu koIe na karyuM hoya tevI rIte AjhAdI nahIM paNa gulAmI ja haze. temaNe potAnA dezavAsIone aspRzyatA, maMdiranI devadAsI prathA, 4. eka aMdAja bALalagna, avivAhita vidhavAo ane aphINanA vepAranAM dUSaNo enI vicAraNAnAM A badhAM udAharaNonA pariprekSyamAM have prati jAgRta karIne zikSita karyA che. pAMcamuM. bhAratane haMmezA kevo lAge che A mANasa? alabatta, e savizeSaNe eka AdarzavAdI vibhAjita karanArI ane kamajora pADanArI jJAtiprathAno AMzika che, vAstavAdI nahIM. vartamAnane samajAvA mATe te ItihAsano bacAva karavA chatAM paNa teNe potAnI kalpanAzakti ane vANInA bahu ocho upayoga kare che. je lAparavAha niyamitatAthI baLathI bhAratane agAu kyAreya na hatI tevI manovaijJAnika ekatA bhAgyavidhAtAo satyane baLathI ane sauMdaryane sattAthI kacaDI nAkhyuM pradAna karI che. have sAmUhika kAryanI pUrvabhUmikA tarIke aneka che, te bAbatanI gaMdhathI te ajANa che. eNe asahakAranA saphaLa jAtio, bhASAo ane paMtha ekasamAna lAgaNI anubhavatAM kissA tarIke roma para khristI lokonA vijayano saMdarbha TAMkyo che. ane vicAra karatAM thaI gayAM che. chachuM, teNe potAnA dezabAMdhavone te aMtargata konsTanaTAInanA dharmaparivartanamAM je rAjakIya ane je bAbatanI sauthI vadhAre jarUra hatI te ApI : abhimAna. have Arthika paribaLoe carcanA vijayanI nirNAyaka ghaTanAmAM bhAga teo AzAvihoNA ke pramAdI rahyA nathI, teo jokhama tathA bhajavelo tenI gAMdhIe avagaNanA karI che. jIvana aMgenA jaivika javAbadArI, ane tethI AjhAdI, mATe taiyAra che. dRSTikoNa vize paNa tene khabara nathI. tene e samajAtuM nathI ke jo ApaNA yathArthavAdI ane zaMkAzIla pazcimane gAMdhInI naitika sadaguNo ane sahakAra to harIpha juthanI sAme bIjA jUthane vicAradhArA viparIta lAgatI hoya to ApaNe paNa e yAda rAkhavuM saMgatatA ane zakti ApavA mATe vikasAvavAmAM AvyA hatA. joIe ke ApaNI vicAradhArA paNa hinduvAsIone vaNasI gayelI enA kAMtaNa-cakrano siddhAMta sucave che ke emaNe A saMkula ane ane vyartha lAge. bhAratanuM ekIkaraNa karanAra kadI rAjakAraNI nA parasparAvalaMbI Arthika jagatanuM atisaralIkaraNa karyuM che. Aje hoI zake, e to saMta ja hovAno. samagra bhArata gAMdhInuM anuyAyI koI deza madhyayugI mAnasikatA rAkhIne svataMtra na banI zake. banyuM kema ke teo hRdayathI vicAratA hatA. trIsa karoDa loko enI - vAstavikatAne A rIte namana karyA bAda ApaNe enI AratI utAravA taiyAra che, ane jagatamAM bIjA koI mANase AzcaryakAraka siddhio mATe ene svIkati ane sanmAna ApavAnI ATalo moTo AdhyAtmika prabhAva khapamAM lIdho nathI. enA vize chUTamAM chIe. mAnavatAnI naitika cetanA (je haja paNa vAMzika TAgore ja Ama kaheluM : ane rASTravAdI ja che)nI kyAMya pAra nIkaLI jaIne gAMdhIe e hajAro vaMcitonI jhUMpaDInA uMbare emanA jevAM ja kapaDAMmAM AMtararASTrIya udyoga-saMgaThano ane rASTro ApaNane vyApaka nItimattA AvIne UbhA. emaNe te lokonI sAthe teonI ja bhASAmAM vAta mATe taiyAra karI zake te mATe madada karI che. A nItimattA aMtargata karI. chevaTe ahIM jIvaMta satyanuM avataraNa thayuM - e kaMI pustakamAMnAM be sajjano vaccenI AcArasaMhitA ja rASTronAM AcaraNane paNa avataraNo na hatAM. A kAraNe bhAratanA lokoe emane ApeluM lAgu paDaze; kema ke vizvavyavasthAno e takAdo haze. bIjuM, eNe nAma 'mahAtmA' e ja emanuM kharuM nAma che. 'badhA bhAratIyo ja ApaNA mATe kevaLa daMbha ane kavitA banI gayelA khristI dharmane mAruM lohI-mAMsa che' tevI anubhUti A pahelAM bIjA kone thayelI?... navuM jIvana ane artha ApyAM che. eNe A dharmane eka evA stara jyAre hindustAnanA dvAra para premanuM Agamana thayuM tyAre e dhAro sudhI UMcakyo che ke jyAM sauthI siddhAMtahIna rAjapuruSoe paNa ene phaTAka khUlI gayAM... gAMdhIno sAda suNIne bhArata eka navI ja (162) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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mahAnatAmAM khIlI UThya, agAu jyAre eka ja vAra buddhe badhA gujarAtI bhASAntara ja sajIva jIvo vaccenA bhAtRbhAva ane karuNAnA satyanI ghoSaNA zIrSaka : eka mukadamo bhAratanI tarapheNamAM karI hatI tyAre Ama thayuM hatuM. anuvAdaka : mahendra coTaliyA kadAca gAMdhI niSphaLa jaze - sAva DArvinavAdI banI gayelA A prakAzana : gujarAta sahakArI dUdha vitaraNa saMgha li. jagatamAM saMto niSphaLa jAya tevI zakyatA hoya che ja. paraMtu jo (amUla) (2008) kyAreka kyAreka jIvana ApaNI saphaLatAnA caherAne AvI koIka niSphaLatAthI raMgI na de to ApaNe jIvanano svIkAra kevI rIte 8, jAnakI epArTamenTa karI zakIe? nUtana klaba pAse, nAnA bajAra mULa pustaka : A case for India (1930) vallabha vidyAnagara - 388120 lekhaka : Will Durant mahendra.chotalia@gmail.com prakAzana : Strand Book Stall, Mumbai -2007 | M. 9879528129 dharmadharmano vicAra gAMdhIjInA mAnamAM rAjakoTanA ThAkorasAhebe eka gArDana pArTI ApI hatI. gAMdhIjI beThA hatA e ja Tebala upara eka bAju ThAkora sAheba ane bIjI bAju briTiza poliTikasa ejanTa hatA. vAto cAlatI hatI. eTalAmAM gAMdhIjIe ThAkorasAheba AgaLanI zarAbanI bATalI UMcakIne poliTikala ejanTa AgaLa mUkI dIdhI. | dharmAdharmano khyAla rAkhanAra koI sAmAjika paheregIre A vize gAMdhIjIne kAgaLa lakhIne khulAso mAgyo ke, "tamArA jevA madyapAna-niSedhaka Ave ThekANuM bhojana laI ja zI rIte zake? tame bhojana lIdhuM eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa zarAbanI bATalI paNa pInAra AgaLa karI!' ' gAMdhIjIe javAbamAM eTaluM ja lakhyAM ke, "A prasaMge kaI rIte vartavuM eno sUthama viveka huM jANuM chuM. tamene huM eTaluM ja kahI zakuM ke tamArA jevA mAruM anukaraNa na kare.'' mAMsAhAra paratve paNa AvA ja savAla uThAvavAmAM Ave che. ApaNe mAMsAhArane vyasana nathI gaNatA paNa pApa gaNIe chIe. dhUmapAnane vyasana gaNIe chIe, pApa nakhI gaNatA keTalAya khAvAo akhaMja calama phUMkatA hoya che, e vyasana che enI teo paNa nA nathI pADI zakatA. ane chatAM emanuM sAdhutva teTalA pramANamAM ochuM che ema samAja nathI mAnato. svAmI vivekAnaMda jevA Adhunika saMnyAsIo paNa hukko choDavAnI AvazyakatA mAnatA na hatA. emanA pratyeno mAro Adara A kAraNe telamAtra ocho na thayo. chatAM huM mAnuM chuM ke dhUmrapAna e sAdhujIvanamAM eba gaNAvuM joIe. - je lokonA AhAra ja mAMsa che emane prANIhatyAnuM kAMI lAgatuM nathI. duniyAnI AjanI nItinI kalpanA jotAM, teo pApa kare che ema na kahevAya. chatAM prANIhatyA e krUratA ane pApa che ja, paNa jeo e vAta nathI samajatA athavA nathI mAnatA, athavA Tevane kAraNe mAMsAhAra calAvavA mAge che, temano vAMka na kaDhAya. tyAre zuM ApaNe samAjanA, mAMsAhAra karanAra ane na karanArA evA be bhAga pADavA ? ane be vacceno vahevAra toDI ja nAkhavo? varjelAne jAti UMcI ane na varjelAonI nIcI, ema nakkI karI varjelAonuM abhimAna poSavuM? ane na varjalAo upara UtaratApaNAno khyAla ThokI besADavo? ApaNe hiMda lokoe e badhuM karI joyuM che. ema karIne ApaNe samAjanI unnati nathI sAdhI. varjelA ane na varjelA ane na varjalA vacceno vahevAra toDavAthI varjalAono nizcaya vadhAre majabUta thavAno saMbhava che eTale ApaNe mAnI laIe, paNa na varjelAonI nokhI nyAta pADavAthI temanAmAM sudhAro thavAno saMbhava paNa ApaNe aTakAvIe chIe e na bhUlavuM joIe. IMglaMDamAM gAMdhIjIne eka pAdarIe dara ravivAre potAne tyAM jamavAnuM AmaMtraNa ApI rAkhyuM hatuM. jamavAnA Tebala upara mizanarInAM kuTuMbIo mAMsAhAranI vastu ANIne khAtAM. gAMdhIjIno AhAra custa 'varjelo raheto. AhAranAM puNyapApa vize tyAM vAta na choDavA jeTalo viveka gAMdhIjI pAse hato. paNa mizanarInAM bALako pUchavA lAgyAM ke, 'amuka vAnIo mi. gAMdhI kema nathI paNa mizanarInAM bALako pUchavA paDyuM ke, "emanA dharmamAM e pApa gaNAya che.'' ''zA mATe pApa gaNatA haze?' ' 'teo mAne che ke pazupakSIone AtmA che, sukhadu:khanI lAgaNI che, prANIone mAravAmAM kUratA che - pApa che.'' "vAta to sAcI lAge che. to ApaNe kema e vastune pApa nathI gaNatAM?'' ''ApaNe mAnIe chIe ke pazupakSI Adi manuSyatara prANIone AtmA nathI hoto.'' "te koNa jANe, paNa emane mAravAmAM kUratA to che ja. mAratI vakhate teo nAsabhAga kare che, jorathI rue che, eTaluM to ApaNe pratyakSa joIe chIe. AvatI kAlathI ame e vastuo nathI khAvAnAM.' nahIM, khAo to nabaLAM paDazo.' ' 'tyAre mi. gAMdhI kema nathI mabaLA paDatA?'' aMte pAdarIe gAMdhIjInI mAphI mAMgI ane ravivAnuM jamavAnuM AmaMtraNa pAchuM kheMcI lIdhuM. A Akho prasaMga zo bodha Ape che? ema jamAno hato jyAre jaina loko mAMsAhArI loko vacce jaIne dharmapracAra karatA hatA. keTalAka jaino mAMsAhAra karatA hatA, evo ullekha jainazAstromAM maLe che. Tevane kAraNe mAMsAhAra karanAra lokone jaina dharmamAM prathama laI lIdhA haze, teo dhImedhIme mAMsAhAranuM varjana karaze ema AzA rAkhI haze, ane te saphaLa paNa thaI haze. tyAra pachI prANIone bacAvavAnI vRtti zithila thaI. phakta potAno dharma bacAvavAnI vRtti bAkI rahI haze. eTale jaina lokoe mAMsAhArI loko sAthe bhaLavAnuM choDI dIdhuM haze. pariNAme navA loko jainadharmamAM AvatA aTakyo, paNa mAMsAhAra na karanAra custa jainomAMthI koI mAMsAhAra tarapha nathI ja lapasyuM, ema kahI zakAta to kevuM sAruM thAta! dharmAdharmano vicAra bahu sUkSma hoya che. (oNkTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (163)

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mahAtmA TaoNlsaTaoNya ane mahAtmA gAMdhI cittaraMjana vorA gujarAtI bhASAmAM aneka uttama anuvAdo ApyA che. ana Tu dhisa lAsTano temane anuvAda karyo che, jenuM prakAzana navajIvane karyu che. mahAtmA gAMdhInA nIcenA zabda che, emaNe AtmakathAmAM lakhyuM: mArA jIvana upara UMDI chApa pADanAra Adhunika manuSyo traNa che : rAyacaMdabhAI temanA jIvanasaMsargathI, TaoNlsTaoNye temanA vaikuMTha tArA hRdayamAM che nAmanA pustakathI ne raskine ana Tu visa lAsTa - sarvodaya nAmanA pustakathI mane cakti karyo.' mahAtmA TaoNlsTaoNyanA A saMye mahAtmA gAMdhInA ahiMsaka satyAgrahanI zodha vakhate temanI vicAraNAnA pAyAne majabUta karyA. A graMtha prema, kSamA, bhAIcAro ane vizvanAM AdikAraNane samarpita jIvananiSThAno graMtha che. badhA dharmonAM e sArvabhauma AdhyAtmika mUlya che. tethI A graMtha mAtra khristI dharma pUrato ja nahIM paNa jagata AkhAnI mAnavatAno amUlya vAraso che. tene dhArmikatAnI saMkucita sAMpradAyikatAthI para UThIne ja vAMcI zakAya, jema mahAtmA gAMdhIe vAMcyo ane temAMthI potAne mATe sAra sAra hatuM te grahaNa karI lIdhuM. A graMthanA aMgrejI nAma dha kiMgDama oNpha gaoNDa ijha vidhina yU' no gujarAtI anuvAda mahAtmA gAMdhIno che! te AtmakathAnAM uparanAM avataraNamAM vAMcavA maLe che. tevAM nAme gujarAtImAM haju sudhI koI anuvAda thayo to nathI. paNa temaNe lakhela gujarAtI nAme mahAtmA TolsToyano A graMtha mAtmayAnAM vistaratA vAcana sAthe jANIto banato rahyo. eTale ema mahAtmA gAMdhInI kalame sAhityika sauMdaryanI chAMTavALAM banelAM A graMtha mATenAM gujarAtI nAmakaraNano amUlya lAbha A anuvAdane maLyo, te to khare ja kalpanAtIta alaukika sadbhAgya ja gaNAya. mahAtmA gAMdhInAM jIvana ane vicAra para prabhAva pADanAra mahAtmA TaoNlasTaoNyanAM vacana jema jema A graMthane pAne pAne UghaDatAM jAya tema tema tene potAnI samajamAM utAranAra vAcaka koI avarNanIya AhlAdano anubhava kare temAM zaMkA nathI. bhale dareka vAcakane mahAtmA gAMdhI jevI zuddha satya-ahiMsAnI zodha na paNa hoya; tema chatAM, darekanAM manamAM satya mATe potAnI maryAdA pUratI jhaMkhanA Agraha ane svataMtratA mATenI cAhanA to rahela hoya ja che. e darekane paNa A graMthamAM AdithI aMta sudhI jhaLahaLatI maulikatA vicAranI navI kSitijonI jhAMkhI karAvyA vinA raheze nahIM. 164 satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha mahAtmA gAMdhIe potAnA ghaDataramAM prabhAvaka gaNAvela be graMtha paikI eka, raskinano anaTu dhisa lAsTa graMtha Aje gujarAtImAM upalabdha che. have bIjuM kiMgDama oNpha goMDa ijha vidhina yU paNa prakAzita thaI zake che tyAre svayaM gAMdhIvicAranA janaka mahAtmA gAMdhI mATe pAyAnA banela A banne graMtha Aje have gujarAtImAM upalabdha karI zakAyA, cemAM sarvazaktimAnanI kRpA vinA A kAryanI kalpanA paNa amAre mATe zakya nathI. A anuvAdamAM mULa lekhaka sivAyanA anya lekhakonAM sAhityanAM vipula avataraNomAMthI punarukti jevAM keTalAMka tathA amuka muddAnI rajUAtamAM spaSTIkaraNanI punaruktinA ane sevaka jevA keTalAka aMza lAgyA, te jatA karyA che. mULa lekhakanI ciMtanadhArA akhaMDa rahe e ja khAsa takedArI rAkhI che. mahAtmA gAMdhIne mana pAyAnuM mahattva dharAvanAra A graMthanA zabdezabdanI pAchaLa mahAtmA TaoNlsTaoNyanI jIvanasAdhanAnuM tapa che, temanA hRdayanI AMtarika cetanAnAM parivartana vaDe samRddha baneluM emanuM tapaHpUta jIvana che. mahAtmA lio TaoNlsTaoNya potAnA jIvanakALamAM pratibhAzALI vyakti hatA. temano janma tA. 9 sapTembara, 1820e raziyAnA eka amIra jAgIradAra kuTuMbamAM thayo hato. cAra bhAImAM e sauthI nAnA hatA. temanI uMmaranA nava me varSe mAtAno ane soLame varSe pitAno svargavAsa thayo. cotrIsame varase lagnajIvanamAM sthira thayA tyAM sudhI vividha saMjogonA khaDatala anubhavomAMthI emanuM jIvana pasAra thayuM. prAthamika zikSaNa gharaAMgaNe phrenca ane jarmana zikSako pAsethI laIne e yunivarsiTImAM bhASAvidyA zIkhavA gayA kharA, paNa emAM phAvyuM nahIM eTale kAyadAnI zAkhAmAM dAkhala thayA. temAM paNa saMtoSakAraka pragati thaI nahIM, kemake abhyAsa karatAM vadhu to mijabAnIo ane meLAvaDAomAM ja pote to mahAlatA rahetA. ogaNIsa varSanI uMmare yunivarsiTI choDIne kauTuMbika jAgIranI khetI saMbhALavAnuM zaru karyuM. temAM saphaLatA maLatI nahotI tethI lazkaramAM kAma karatA eka moTAbhAIne anusarIne lazkarI-sevAmAM joDAyA. tyAM sarahada para jude jude sthaLe temanI badalI thatI rahetI. temane pachI yuropamAM krimiyAnA yuddhamAM mokalavAmAM AvyA. tyAre temanI uMmara 27 varSanI hatI. yuvAnInA A tabakke laDAImAM paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka oNkTobara- 2018

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hiMsAnI krUratA ane adhamatA, AkramaNa karavuM ane jAte bacavuM te karavAnA mArgamAM sarvaprathama ugra virodha patnI taraphathI thayo. temanA sAthe sAmA pakSanA sainikonI kattala karavI paDe tevI hiMsA vacce saMbaMdha kathaLyA ane potAnI sAhityika raoNyalTInA adhikAra patnIne rahevuM paDyuM. te anubhave yuddha ane mAnavahatyAnI hiMsA sAme ane ApI kaMIka svasthatA maLatAM temanI sarjanAtmaka sAhitya sevA tenI nirarthakatA mATe temanA aMtarAtmAne jate divase jAgRta karI temanI satyanI zodhanI sAthe sAthe pragatimAna rahI. navala IvAna dIdho, premanA kAyadAnuM temane darzana thayuM ane vadhatI vaye pachI IlIca pachI 70mA varSe phAdhara vargIyasa ane rIjharekzanI sAthe temanI AdhyAtmikatAnI khoje satyanAM anaMta jJAnanAM AkAzamAM sAthe vizALa phlekanA jIvanalakSI viSayomAM temano sarjanapravAha temane mUkI ApyA. uttarAvasthA sudhI akhkhalita vaheto rahyo. temanA sAhityamAM lazkaramAM joDAyA te pahelAMthI ja potAnI rojanIzI lakhavAmAM mAnavajIvana ane AjanA jagatane hiMsAmaya pazujIvanamAMthI temaNe rAkhela cIvaTa ane niyamitatAe AgaLa jatAM temanAmAM divyatAmAM badalavA mATenA sAmAjika prayAsonuM eka ahiMsaka rahelI sarjanAtmaka sAhityakalAno vikAsa karyo. krimiyAnA yuddha AMdolana, vaizvika samasaMvedanAmAM rASTrIya sImAothI pAra, vyApaka vacce paNa emaNe jIvananAM saMsmaraNo para cAIlDahuDa ane pachI banyuM hatuM, ane e saunA tAra mahAtmA TaoNlsTaoNya sAthe joDAyelA baoNyahaDa lakhyAM tyAre temanI uMmara covIsa varSanI hatI. AtmakathAnAM hatA. te tamAmanA patravyavahAra teo saMbhALatA ane nevuM varSanI A prakAzanoe raziyAnAM sAhitya jagatamAM tenI AgavI oLakha jaipha uMmare kathaLatI tabiyatanI mAMdagImAM paNa temAM rukAvaTa AvI UbhI karI dIdhI. te sAthe sevAstopola pustaka pragaTa thayuM. na hatI. yuddha pUruM thatAM lazkarI sevAmAMthI mukta thaI e raziyA pAchA e roja savAre patravyavahAra jovA besatA. tevI eka savAre pharyA, ane pachI je kaMI kamAyA hatA te perisa jaI jugAramAM hArI laMDanathI 1 oNkTobara, 1909nA divase lakhAyela gAMdhIjIno beThA. eTale pachI potAnI jAgIra para yAsnAyA polyAnA khAte patra temane maLe che. ekatALIsa varSanA eTarnI mi.ema.ke. gAMdhIno pAchA pharyA. temanI AtmakathAno trIjo graMtha yUtha prakAzita karyo e patra. baMne vacce paricayanI e pahelI ja zarUAta. eTale ane yAsnAyA polyAnA nAme sAmAyikanA bAra paikI pahelo aMka gAMdhIjIe mahAtmA TaoNlsTaoNyanAM sAhitya vaDe prabhAvita potAnI prakAzita karyo. temaNe have 32 varSanI vaye mahAnavala 'vaoNra eNnDa dakSiNa AphrikAmAM satyAgrahanI laDatano TUMko paricaya Apyo. tema pIsa' nuM sarjana zarU karyuM ane daramiyAna, 34 varSanI vaye eka ja potAne mahAtmA TaoNlsTaoNye lakhela koI mATeno eka patra, e DaoNkTaranI putrI sophiyA sAthe temaNe lagna karyA. te pachI temanAM leTara Tu e hiMdu vAMcavAmAM Avyo tenI nakala e patranI kharAI 49mA varSe 1869mAM vaoNra enDa pIsa saMpUrNa prakAzita thatAM jANavA mokalIne tenA bahoLA pracAra mATe saMmati puchAvI. tenA sAhitya premIo ane samAlocako te vAMcIne abhibhUta thaI javAbamAM mahAtmA TaoNlsTaoNya taraphathI 7 oNkTobara 1909 e uThyA. nepoliyananAM yuddhonA vAstava sAthe kAlpanika pAtronA lakhAyelA patramAM potAne gAMdhIjInA putranI vigata jANIne thayela uThAva ane navalakathAnA vArtArasanI gUMthaNI vaDe aitihAsika tathyonAM khuzI batAvI, dakSiNa AphrikAmAM satyAgrahanI laDatane AtmIyatAthI maulika parimANanI temAM anokhI mAMDaNI hatI. vaoNra eNnDa pIsanI AvakArI tathA mAgela saMmati ApI. tenA javAbamAM gAMdhIjIe saphaLatA pachI bIjI mahAnavala enA kereninA 1873mAM lakhAI. tA. 10 navembara, 1909no patra laMDanathI lakhyo ane sAthe te traNa hapate 1877mAM pUrI pragaTa thaI. A kALe temanI revaraMDa Doka vaDe lakhAyelAM potAnAM jIvanacaritranA aMgrejI pustakanI sarjanAtmaka kalame vividha sAhityasvarUpomAM eka pachI eka racanA nakala temaNe dakSiNa AphrikAmAM satyAgraha vize vadhu vigate mAhitI vaDe potAnI maulika chabi aMkita karI. sAthe sAthe temanI dharmajijJAsA mATe mahAtmA TaoNlsTaoNyane mokalI. tyAra pachI laMDanathI dakSiNa temane carca tarapha dorI gaI. tyAM temaNe je joyuM-jANyuM temAM carcanI AphrikA khAte parata AvIne gAMdhIjIe hiMda svarAja gujarAtInuM khAmIothI e coMkI UThyA ane 1883mAM tresaThamA varSe temaNe pote karela aMgrejI bhASAMtara inDiyana homarUla pustikA potAnA meDieTara pustaka prakAzita karyuM. pariNAme raziyana oNrthoDaoNksa vicAra bAbata mahAtmA TaoNlsTaoNyanI AlocanA jANavA mATe ane carce temane bahiSkRta karyA eTaluM ja nahIM, sarakArI jAsUsI taMtra te mATe vinaMtI sAthe 4thI eprila 1910nAM TapAlathI mokalI. paNa temano pIcho karatuM rahyuM. teno agAunI jema ja uSmAbharyo javAba tA. 8mI me, 1910 mahAtmA TaoNlasTaoNyanI AdhyAtmikatA pratyakSa jIvanamAM vAstavika no TaoNlsTaoNya taraphathI gAMdhIjIne maLyo. parivartana vaDe ja pramANita thatI hatI. temane mana dharma koI priya mitra, mAnyatA pUrato nahIM paNa pAlana vaDe potAnA AMtarika parivartanano hamaNAM ja mane tamAro patra ane pustikA inDiyana homarUla mArga che. te mujaba sAcI IzvaraniSThA tamAma aMgata milakatanI maLyAM. mAlikIno tyAga mAge che, e emane samajAyuM. tethI te para amala tamArI pustikA meM UMDA rasaparvaka vAMcI, kema ke mane lAge che (oNkTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana: gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (165)

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ke tame temAM je savAla hAtha dharyA che te mAtra bhAratanI loko mATe karatAM vadhu racanAtmaka ane samagralakSI rUpAMtara mAge che. jema jema ja nahIM paNa samasta mAnavajAti mATe mahattvanI che.... e siddhAMto apanAvIne potAnA mananuM svarAja pAmavAnanI jhaMkhanAmAM tamAro mitra ane bhAI, mAnavajAti AgaLa vadhaze, tema tema evI vyaktio sarvodaya lio TaoNlsTaoNya samAjanI racanA karaze. te ja mAnava saMbaMdhomAM, tenI sAmAjika javAbamAM gAMdhIjIe 15 oNgasTa, 1910nA patrathI potAnI ane sAMskRti saMsthAo-vyavasthAomAM vyApI jatuM satya ane premamaya kRtajJatA vyakta karI. sAthe jaNAvyuM ke potAnA sAthI mitra zrI parivartana che. mahAtmA gAMdhInuM e svarAja te ja vaikuMTha-IzvaranuM kaeNlanabeka mahAtmA TaoNlsTaoNyanuM mAya kanvezana vAMcIne e vicAro rAjya che. tenuM pratItijanaka nirUpaNa mahAtmA TaoNlsTaoNyanA nIcenA mujaba jIvananA prayogamAM potAnI sAthe che ane temaNe potAnI zabdamAM dhabakatuM anubhavI zakAya che : mAlikInI vizALa jamIna satyAgrahIonA svAzrayI sAmudAyika rAjya ke samAjane lagatI AjanI aihika jIvana saMbaMdhI jIvananA prayoga mATe ApI che ane temaNe tenuM nAma 'TaoNlsTaoNya vyavasthAo kSaNabhaMgura ane arthahIna che. tenI saMpUrNa mAnavIya phArma' rAkhyuM che. tathA e sAthe gAMdhIjIe satyAgrahanI saMparkapatrikA racanA asaMbhava che. sarvoparI sattA evI aihika vyavasthAone inDiyana opiniyananA aMka paNa mokalyA. ApaNAM jIvananuM samarpaNa icche nahIM. e to IzvaranA rAjyanI javAbamAM mahAtmA TaoNlsTaoNya taraphathI 7 sapTembara, 1910no sevA mATe ApaNuM kSaNekSaNanuM samarpaNa che. je ekamAtra buddhigamya sAta phulaskepa pAnAMmAM TAIpa karAyelo savistara lAMbo ane tema ja sarvathA saMbhava che ane jeno AviSkAra saMpUrNapaNe nakkI vicAraNAnI preraNAthI dhabakato uSmAbharyo patra maLyo. kadAca A che. izvaranA rAjyanI sevAno artha che, pRthvI paranAM samasta patra mahAtmA TaoNlsTaoNye lakhela jIvananA aMtima patra paikI ja hato, mAnavajIvana mATe aikyanI mahattama zakyatAnI sthApanAnAM divyatA kema ke, temAM joDe pote have mRtyunI samIpa pahoMcI rahyA che, ema vaDe thaI rahelAM kAryamAM ApaNo saMpUrNa sahayoga, mAnava aikyanI zarUAtamAM ja lakhe che; ane khare ja; tA. 20mI navembara, A zakyatA ekamAtra satya sivAya bIjI kazI nathI. je satya 1910 nAM teo aMtima zvAsa le che. ApaNane prakAzita thayuM hoya tene svIkArIne AtmasAt karavuM ane vaikuMTha eTale 'izvaranuM rAjya to A graMthano mULa vicAra che. te mujaba tenuM pAlana-AcaraNa karavuM te ja ekamAtra ApaNA tenuM sAmya mahAtmA gAMdhIe hiMda svarAja (1909)mAM rajU karelA hAthanI sattAmAM che. (pAna 186). 'svarAja' nA vicAra sAthe lAge to te svAbhAvika che. temaNe lakhyuM mahAtmA TaoNlsTaoNyanuM A ciMtana bAhya bhabhakAovALAM kSaNabhaMgara che, 'svarAja te ApaNA mananuM rAjya che... tevuM svarAja levA jIvananA daMbha ane hiMsAmAM aTavAyA karatI mAnajAtine satata khAtara A deha arpaNa che, ema mana sAkSI pUre che. (pAna 76) bhAna karAve che ke : 'vaikuMTha tArA hRdayamAM che!'' potAnuM A samarpaNa je 'svarAja' mAce emaNe batAvyuM te koI rAjakIya svataMtratA pUratuM svarAja nathI, paNa "mananuM svarAja che.' 54, pArasakuMja vibhAga 2, mahAtmA TaoNlasTaoNye tene AMtarika cetanAnuM rUpAMtara kahyuM. ema satya mahArANI lakSmIbAInA sTecya pAse, ane premamAM vyaktinuM AMtarika rUpAMtara e ja vaikuMTha eTale izvaranuM seTelAITa roDa, AMbAvADI, rAjya che. mahAtmA gAMdhIe mAnavInAM satyamaya rUpAMtara mATe amadAvAda 380OO6. satyAgraha siddhAMtano prayoga karI batAvyo. jyAre premamaya rUpAMtara phona naM. 08511172322 mATe TrasTIzipa ane sarvodayanA siddhAMta ApyA, je satyAgraha Email :nirali@gmail.com AnuM nAma aMtyodaya jyAre gAMdhIjIe godharAmAM eka harijana Azramano prAraMbha karyo ane mAmAsAheba (phaDake) jevA eka tapasvI brAhmaNe e kAma mAthe lIdhuM, tyAre godharAnA DheDa loko kahevA lAgyA ke, bhaMgIone amArI sAthe besADazo, o ame tamArI AzramamAM AvavAnA nathI. | gAMdhIjIe kahyuM, 'ema ja hoya to ame bhaMgIothI prAraMbha karIzuM. AzramamAM bhaMgI vidyArthIone prathama dAkhala karIzuM. emanI sAthe besavA je bIjAo taiyAra hoya te dhIre dhIre AzramamAM Avaze. prAraMbha to bhaMgIothI ja thaze.' AnuM nAma aMtyodaya je loko vadhAremAM vadhAre pachAta che, dabAyelA che, upekSita che, temanI sevAthI prAraMbha karavo joIe. 166 ) (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018

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razmina vicAradarzana cittaraMjana vorA aTu dhisa lAsTamAM raskina arthazAstra saMbaMdhI eka jIvanakalAno AjanA ekaMdara anubhave ApaNe samajIe chIe ke mUDInI abhigama rajU kare che. mAlikIno prabaMdha sAmudAyika svaicchika sahakAritAne dhoraNe karIne svataMtratAnA sAmAjika mUlyane kendrIya khyAla tarIke rAkhIne mUDIvAda ke samAjavAdane mukAbale eka sabaLa mALakhuM dharAvatI raskinanA samaye Arthika vicArakoe zAstrIya siddhAMtonI racanA vaikalpika vyavasthA zakya che, AjanA kalyANarAjya vaDe niyaMtrita zarU karI hatI. mukta vyApAravAda anusarIne saMpatti ekaThI karavAnI sahakArI-TrasTIzipa samAja vikasAvI zakAya tema che; je naphAnI hoDamAM UtarelA udyoga sAhasika kArakhAnedAra vyApArI vargano preraNA vaDe nahIM paNa jIvanadhoraNa ane vaparAza mATe temaja udaya thayo hato. vyaktigata lAbha vadhAravAnI temanI Arthika nyAyocita vetananI preraNA vaDe ane mULabhUta mAnavIya mUlyonI pravRttine pariNAme ekaMdara sAmAjika geralAbhanuM pramANa vadhI jAya pratiSThA mATe kAma karI zake tema che. A che navIna arthavicAranI che. tethI e paristhiti palaTAya te mATe arthazAstranI saiddhAMtika bhUmikA, jenA vicAranuM sotabiMdu raskinavicAramAM joI zakAya. vicAraNAnA abhigamane badalavAnI anivAryatA upara raskine potAne abhipreta evA A arthazAstranA hetu vize raskine lakhyuM: bhAra mUkyo. sAmAjika ciMtanamAM sarvaprathama raskine Ama sAmAjika arthazAstrano AkharI hetu to mAnavI mATe upabhoga staranI nyAyanI samatulAnA bhaMgano prazna upasthita karyo; arthazAstrano uttama paddhati ane tene anurUpa vipula pramANamAM vaparAza meLavI pAyAno khyAla saMpatti aMge ja bhUlabharelo che tema kahyuM. vaLataramAM ApavAno che; jemAM vaparAzanI harakoI cIjavastunI sevAo nyAyano khyAla dAkhala karIne temaNe zramikone nIcAM vetana vAjabI suvidhAo saMbaMdhI saghaLuM e gauravabhera vAparI zake tema hoya. TharAvanAra vetananA lokhaMDI kAyadAnA mULamAM sabaLa tArkika ane ane ema goThavavA mATe naphAnA eTale ke, upayogitAnA asarakArI prahAra karyo. temanI A vicAraNAnA prabhAva nIce mApadaMDa choDavAnI AvazyakatA samAjavidyAnA zAstronI vicAraNAnA IMglenDamAM kalyANakArI rAjyano AraMbha thayo. jagatabharamAM saMdarbhamAM rajU karanAra vicAraka tarIke raskina prathama gaNAya. temaNe mUDIvAda kalyANalakSI Arthika paddhati banatAM vadhu sahya banyo. joke nyAyano mApadaMDa sUcavIne potAnI vicAraNAno abhigama pAyAthI mAnava paribaLane ja saMpattinA khyAlamAM prasthApita karI kevaLa tenuM judo che, te rajU karyuM : pratipAdana pote karI zakyA, e khyAlane AdhAre arthazAstranA ...sarajanahAranI racanAmAM mAnavanAM kAryo upayogitAnA siddhAMtonI ImArata racI ApavAnuM kAma arthazAstrIo pAse apekSita mApadaMDa vaDe doravAya te yogya che ema nahIM, paNa kevaLa nyAyanA che e emanI rajUAtano sUra rahyo. ja mApadaMDa vaDe doravAya te ja yogya che, ema mAnavAnuM nirmAyeluM Ajano bhAratIya samAja raskine A graMtha lakhyo tyAranA che; tethI teNe upayogitAnI dRSTine haMmeza nirarthaka ja mAnelI che. iMglenDanI jema ja audyogikIkaraNa vaDe zaherIkaraNanI asaromAMthI kuzaLa zramane nyAyayukta UMcA vetana sthiratAthI maLe te mATeno pasAra thaI rahyo che. tenA kRSi pazupAlana ane grAmINa vyavasAyamAMthI saiddhAMtika AdhAra arthazAstra ApI zake, evI raskinanI apekSA nirAdhAra banatA binakuzaLa zramikono pravAha zahero tarapha vaLelo hatI. jyAre binakuzaLa zrama, puravaThAnI chata sarajIne kuzaLa sAme che. ekaMdara arthataMtra asamAnatA, berojI ane garIbInI harIphAI kare nahIM, te emaNe Avazyaka mAnyuM. A bhUmikA samasyAomAM gherAyeluM che. rASTra Arthika vikAsa mATe apanAvelo pAchaLa zramikanA jIvananI unnatino temano Azaya svayaM spaSTa abhigama ane tene doranAra saiddhAMtika vicAraNAmAM vaMcitane prathama che. e ja Azaya binakuzaLa mATe paNa che; paNa te rASTranI agratAnI dizA tarapha sAmAjika nyAyano prabaMdha have saMzodhana mAge samRddhine, arthataMtranI kAryakSamatAne ke rojInA vikasatA starane che, vikalpa paNa mAge che. bhoge nahIM; emaNe binakuzaLa zramikane lAyakAtanI keLavaNI ahIM savAla garIbI ane kaMgAliyatamAM rahelA vizALa mAnava- ApavAnI himAyata karI. sarakAranI e javAbadArI gaNAvI. samudAyo potAnI AvaData, zakti, sAdhana-saMyojana-kSamatAnI binakuzaLa mATe vetana-vadhArAnAM dabANa sarjavAthI vargasaMgharSa pedA maryAdAmAM rahIne paNa kula sAmAjika vaparAza yogya utpAdita thAya che, jyAre temane mATe kauzalya ane nAgarikatAnA guNa vikase mAlasAmAnamAM vadhAro kema karI zake, te che. e ja emanI tevI tAlIma sarvavyApaka banAvavAthI samAja ekaMdara vadhu caDiyAtI kharIdazaktino AdhAra che ane e ja emanA vaparAza starane utpAdakatA, vaparAza dhoraNa ane saMskAritA siddha karI zake che. te sparze che. truTaka truTaka sahakArI vyavasthAnA noMdhapAtra prayogonA ja kAyamI zAMti che, ema temaNe kahyuM. vargasaMgharSanA pAyA para nahIM oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (167

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paNa jAgarUka nAgarikatAnA pAyA para ja ApaNe sAmAjika krAMtino ane sAMskRtika mUlyavihInatAthI pIDAI rahyAM che. temano e ane Akhare lokazAhIno svastha vikAsa karI zakIe. te raskina saghaLAMnI surakSA mATe vadhatA kharcano bojo temanA vAstavika batAve che. jIvanadhoraNane nIce utAranAra nIvaDe che, garIbI vadhAranAra nIvaDe sAmAjika zAMti mATe zarUAta sAro samAja ghaDavAthI karavI che . AjanuM bhArata paNa AvI dazAthI mukta nathI. ke sAro mANasa, e koyaDo vAraMvAra sAme AvyA kare che. AjanA bhArate paNa potAnI prAcIna, sAMskRtika paraMparAnAM raskina sAro samAja banAvavAno mArga sArA mANaso vaDe ja mUlyo choDayAM ke teNe choDavAM paDyAM, te hakIkata nirvivAda che. racI zakAya te batAve che. saiddhAMtika zAstra upara vicAra emaNe karyo bhAratanAM AjanAM zahero, tyAM jamA thato bekAbU sthaLAMtaritono ja, paNa te sAthe emaNe siddhAMtonA jaMgalanI arAjakatAno, pravAha ane temAMthI sarajAtI amAnavIya jIvanadazAmAM bhAratanI vANijyavAdI arthataMtranA siddhAMtono nirdeza ApIne sarvajanasAmAnyane unnata saMskRti to zuM paNa sAmAnya sahaja mAnavasabhyatAno aMzamAtra uddezIne lakhyuM : jovA maLe tema nathI. ane gAmaDAMomAM che te zaheronAM bajAranI AvI badhI vAto samajI zakAya tema nathI. tame bahu bahu to zarato nIce kacaDAyelA rahI majabUrInuM jIvana jIve che. tyAM temane kevaLa tamArA potAnA vyavahAra vAjabI, nyAyocika che ke nahIM TakAvI rAkhanAra koI AkarSaka sAMskRtika jIvanalakSI suvidhAo eTalA pUratI sAvadhAnI ane kALajI rAkhI zako cho, jethI A to nathI, UlaTuM vividha jAtanA AtaMkanuM trAsavAdI hiMsAnuM sAmrAjya jagatane lUMTaphATa ne sarvanAzanA mukhamAM haDaselI mUkavAmAM tame to abAdhita chavAyuM che. sahayoga Apyo nathI ane tamArA bhAga pUratI takedArI tame zahera ke gAmaDAM, udyoga ke khetI, sarvatra nANAMnA mApadaMDa vaDe rAkhI, eTalA pUrato to saMtoSa tame laI zako cho. ane pachI ekaThI thatI dhanasaMpatti pAchaLanI doDamAM naitika mUlyo ke nyAyanAM Ama, deza tathA duniyAne lagatA tamAma prazno A ja rIte nyAyanA mUlyonI vAta ja behUdI gaNAya tevI sthiti che. trAjave toLAtA thaI jaze... potAnA jamAnAmAM raskine je savAla vicAryo tene je Aje vyaktigata jIvana vaDe sAmudAyika hita ane nyAya vadhAranAra zuM pharI ApaNe vicAravo paDe tema nathI, ke have ApaNe kayA vyaktio rASTra mATe sAcI saMpatti che ema raskine bhArapUrvaka kahyuM: hetunI dizAmAM uttarottara AgaLanAM pagathiyAM apanAvIzuM, saMpattinAM rASTranI utpAdana dhurAnA dhArakomAM zreSTha samartha vyaktitva vaDe ke nyAyanAM? saMpanna mANaso e ja tenI Akhara mUlyavAna saMpatti nathI zuM? raskine potAnA jamAnAnA pravAhane anulakSIne lakhyuM tema, jIvanano hetu saguNa vikAsa karanArA cAritryano rahyo che. emanA zabdomAM Aje paNa ApaNA jamAnAnA pravAhane jotAM evI tamAma vyaktio samAjamAM sarvatra hoya ke jemanAM guNa ane lAge che ke : cAritrya doSajanaka hoya, je kevaLa potAnA svArtha mATe bIjA A badhu 'vicitra lAgaze, paraMtu kharI vicitratA to A lokone gulAmInI avasthAmAM dhakelI de ane kudaratanI kRpAno vicitra ane navAIbharyuM lAge che, temAM che. A hakIkato taddana durupayoga karI vana-jaMgalanAM sauMdaryono nAza kare to pachI tyAM sAcesAcI kahI che. samAja ke saMskRtino paNa nAza thAya; tyAM jIvana jevuM kaMI rahe vaheMcaNI ane vetanamAM nyAyanI anivAryatA jaNAvIne tenAM nahIM. tethI ja jIvanano mULabhUta hetu to sadguNa vikAsa karanAra sAmAjika pariNAma, nyAyanI nIpaja, je rIte raskina batAvI cAritryano ja che ane rASTranI sAcI saMpatti evA samartha cAritryavAna zakayA, temAM samAjanA Arthika vyavahAronI gatividhimAM khAsa mAnavI sivAya bIjI koI nathI. karIne rojagArInA mALakhA saMbaMdhI temanI UMDI sUjha pragaTa thAya joke AjanuM jagata raskine ciMtA sevA tevA dhanasaMpattinA che. emaNe nyAya vaDe rojI vadhe che e samajAvyuM. hetunI svArthabharI dizAmAM AgaLa vadheluM che, eTaluM ja nahIM e Aje e ja vAta arthataMtramAM AvakanI punaHvaheMcaNI vaparAza ja hetunA vadhu bhayAnaka, vadhu vikarALa ane vadhu vinAzakArI vadhAre che, te asarakAraka mAga sarje che; ema keInsanA siddhAMta vaDe mukAma apanAvI cUkyuM che. e have raskinanA jamAnAmAM hatI ApaNe kaMIka samajI zakIe. utpAdananA prAthamika ekamomAM tevI, khAnagI vyApArInI vyaktigata nAnI nAnI naphAlakSI pravRtti asarakAraka mAMganA sarjana vaDe jyAre rojInI taka vadhe tyAre karatAM vadhu gherI ciMtA upajAvanAra evI, rASTra rASTra vacce vadhelI sthAnika samAjamAM Avako vadhu samAna rIte vaheMcAya che. tethI zastra sarasAInI harIphAI, vyApAra sarasAInI harIphAI ane asamAnatAno prabhAva aTakAvI zakAya che; e ja Arthika tathyane sAMskRtika AkramakatAnI harIphAI siddha karI cUkyuM che. pariNAme raskina potAnI nyAyanI paribhASAmAM vyakta karatAM kahe che ke nabaLAM rASTro sabaLAM sAme rAjakIya asalAmatI, Arthika gulAmI "nyAyanI prakriyAnI sArvatrita asara dhananI zaktino hrAsa karavAmAM (168) (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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pariNamaze.'' nyAyanA A kAryane be bAbatomAM e nirUpe che H A mujaba, nyAyanuM sarvaprathama ane tAkIdanuM kArya dhanasaMpattinI zaktine ghaTADatA javAnuM che, eka to ezaArAmanA mojazokha meLavavAmAM ane bIjuM te naitika prabhutva jamAvavAnI bAbatamAM koI eka mAlika potAnA svArtha-hita mATe zramikajanonA vizALa samudAya upara ekahaththu IjAro bhogavI zake nahIM, ke bauddhikonA vizALa samudAyane potAnI munasaphI pramANe cAhe tema potAnI sevAmAM jotarI zake nahIM. Aje A baMne rIte nyAyanI prasthApanA mATe ApaNo samAja jojano dUra che. hakIkatamAM e baMnemAM ghAra anyAyabharI paristhitie ApaNI lokazAhI sAme jabaradasta praznArtha khaDo kare che. e ja AMtararASTrIya mUDIvAdI AkramaNa aMge, temaja gharaAMgaNe vaparAza dhoraNa ane TaeNknaoNlaoNjInA susaMgata vikalpa pasaMda karavA aMge, temaja paryAvaraNanI samatulA ane kudaratI sauMdaryanI sAcavaNI aMgenA savAla che. eka bAju naphA vaDe saMpatti ekaThI karavAmAM samRddhi rahelI che evI sAmAjika mAnyatA hoya ane bIjI bAju sAdhanahIna binakuzaLa zramika majUra banI gayelA vyApaka janasamAjane jIvana jIvavA mATe kAramI garIbI bhogavavI paDatI hoya tyAre sAmAjika zAstranA hetumAM kendrasthAne Azaya zuM hoya; naphA vaDe saMpattinI samRddhi kema ekaThI karavI te, ke pachI samAjanA tamAma lokone, nabaLAmAM nabaLAne paNa nyAyapUrvaka jIvana jIvavA jeTalI vaparAza kema maLe, te? e rIte, samAja sAme AvA pAyAnA savAla zA che eTaluM paNa samajavAnI kSamatAno abhAva ApaNI lokazAhImAM mUDIvAdanI aMdhAdhUMdhInAM mULamAM che. te abhAva mATe samaja ane tenA saMcAlanamAM sabhAnatA pedA karavAnI zakti raskina vicAra vaDe maLI zake tema che. raskinanI prastAvanAmAM jANe navayuganA udghATananI udghoSaNa che : puraskartA jo koI gaNAya to te raskina ja che. temaNe ja A graMthamAM khAsa e bAbata cheka 1861mAM lakhyuM H tema ja yuddhavirodhI zAMtivicA2ka paNa e ja prathama che, temaNe lakhyuM: "Aja sudhI to mANase potAnI buddhino upayoga potAnA bhAIono kema nAza karavo temAM karyo che. laDAIjhaghaDA, lUMTaphATa vageremAM nipuNatA tarapha teNe pragati karI che. mANasa A prakAranI pazuvRtti karatAM kaMIka vizeSa UMcero che tema jo vicArIe to tenI buddhine kAbUmAM rAkhavA mATe AvA pazujagatanA niyamo kaMI jarUrI nathI. mAnavavikAsa ane vRddhinA mArgamAM paDelA aMtarAya to tenAmAM rahela premanI UNapa ane hiMmatanA abhAvanA che, bIjA nahIM. baMne khAmIo tenI maryAdAo che. tene pAra haju pahoMcI zakAyuM nathI ke AvanArA yugo sudhI kadI pahoMcI zakAya tema paNa lAgatuM nathI.'' uparAMta vizvanA sarvaprathama paryAvaraNarakSAnA ciMtaka paNa raskina che; temaNe lakhyuM : ''jIvana jIvavAnI eka kaLA che. te eka khAsa najara mAgI le che. manathI ema lAgavuM joIe ke je kudaratamAM che ane temAM je suMdaratA che te paNa khUba jarUrI che. khetaranuM anAja jeTaluM jarUranuM che teTaluM ja jaMgalamAM najare paNa na paDe tema khIlatuM vagaDAu phUla paNa jarUrI che. pALelAM pazu jarUrI che to kallola karatAM vananAM paMkhI ne jaMgalI janAvara paNa eTalAM ja jarUrI che. mANasa mAtra eka roTalAne AdhAre ja nathI vI zakato. te sivAya paNa tene bIjI anivArya AvazyakatAo che.'' arju dhisa lAsTanA lekhaka mahAmanA raskina mAnavajAtinA vikAsanA AkhA praznamAM phreMca krAMtimAM hiMsAcAranA mULamAM rahela te khAmI, prema ane hiMmatanA abhAvarUpa be aMtarAya jue che. bIjAne nyAya maLe tevo Agraha temane mATe prema hoya to ja saMbhavI zake. ane potAne hAthe bIjAne anyAya na thAya, te mATe tyAgapUrvaka, svecchAe, sAduM jIvana jIvavAnuM svIkArI levAmAM, bhArobhAra hiMmata jarUrI che. hiMda svarAjamAM A siddhAMtonI saphLatA mATe satyAgrahanA vicAranuM vikasita vyavahAru amalanuM svarUpa mahAtmA gAMdhIe 'svarAja'nI vyAkhyAmAM ApyuM, saue sau mATe meLavavAnuM'' svarAja. e 'kalyANarAjya temaja samAjavAda' karatAM bhinna che. ane tAtkAlika te pUrepUrI kAryayojanA vikasAvIne nahIM paNa ''eka ja DagaluM basa thAya'' evI dizAno chellA ane sarvaprathama nyAyano vikalpa che, kema ke raskine samApanamAM kahyuM che tema, .........saune upalabdha hoya tevo nirdoSa ucca prakArano AnaMda ApaNe saue AvatI kAla bhogavavAno che, paNa te badhAMne maLe tyAre tathA sahunA sahiyArA puruSArthathI maLe tyAre.'' jagatanA paryAvaraNanA hoya ke Arthika viSamatAnA hoya, saghaLA savAlomAM kendravartI mahattva vyaktinAM mAnasika valaNonuM satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha rASTranI saMpattinuM mApa teno vaparAza zuM che, te ja che. asala svarUpa mAnavatA svayaM che, paiso e to tenA paDachAyA pAchaLanI doDa che. jIvana karatAM adhika evI koI saMpatti nathI. ("There is no wealth but life.") vaparAza e ja utpAdanakAryanI kasoTI paNa che. utpAdananuM lakSya vaparAza che. ane vaparAzanuM lakSya jIvana che, kema ke jIvana e ja saMpatti che. A nahIM svIkAravAnuM pariNAma sthULa hIrAjhaverAta jevI binaupajAu saMpatti-sonA pAchaLanI hiMsaka doDamAM mANasa Aja sudhI kevaLa laDAIjhaghaDA karato Avyo che, e che : evuM pokArIne lakhanAra vizvanA sarvaprathama ahiMsaka sAmAjika nyAyanA oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka 169

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che. tRSNAne sthAne saMtoSa e ja Akhara to sukhamaya vyavasthAnI zarata che. saMtoSa ane vyaktigata jIvanaparivartana, e teno sAra che kharekhara to potAnI pAse jeTaluM hoya teTalAthI saMtoSa mAnIne jIvavuM joIe. Izvare je ApyuM che temAM ja saMtoSathI rahetAM zIkhavuM joIe. aMtima Akhara eka vAta samajI lo. mAnavajAti mATe AvI sAcA AnaMdanI prAptimAM vAstavika pragati kevaLa vyaktigata aMgata prayatna dvArA ja zakya thaze. sAmudAyika prayatna pahelo nahIM paNa pahelAM to vyaktigata prayatna ja thavo joIe. rani kahe che. mANasanI AMkhe svArthanAM paDaLa paDelAM che. dareka mANase jAte ja potAnI AMkha ADethI e khaseDI nAMkhavA potAnI jAte ja prayatna karavAno che : ja tyAre ja zAMtino vyavahAra, zAMti mATenuM arthazAstra nirmANa thaze. te utpAta karavA ke trAsa devA mATe nahIM paNa utpAta ane trAsamAMthI mAnavane mukta karavA mATe haze. je kacaDAyela che teno AtmA tyAre ja zAMti pAmaze ane zAMtinuM vAtAvaraNa tyAre ja pedA thaze. kacaDAyelAnA udayanI - anTu dhisa lAsTa - nI bhAvanA AvI che. jyAM sudhI samAjamAM kacaDAyelAnAM du:kha maTe nahIM tyAM sudhI A bhAvanA ane tene aMge karela carcAvicAraNA samayane saMgata ane prastuta banI ja rahe che, Aje ane kadAca AvanArA yugo paryaMta mAnavatA prati nyAyanuM A satya to sArvabhauma susaMgata rahenAruM che. e ja che raskina-vicArane prastuta banAvanArI samaya saMgati, asIma ane abAdhita. raskine AtmakathanAtmaka graMtha prITeriTAmAM lakhyuM : prabhunI zAMtino vAsa jo kyAMya hoya to te garIba mahenatu mAnavInA hRdayanI udAratAmAM ane tenI karmaniSThAmAM che; ane dharma jo koI ekamAtra susaMgata hoya to te upayogI kAma, ananya prema ane niHsvArtha tyAgano kevaLa che; evI pratIti mane niraMtara vadhu ne vadhu dRDha thatI gaI che. vidhAna parathI joI zakAya che : mane lAge che ke yaMtravAdanuM jora ane vyApArI dhanalobhanI ghelachA Aje to eTalI badhI vadhI gaI che ke teno sAmano karavAnuM kaparuM banI gayuM che. ane tethI meM have mAtra sthApatyanA ja nahIM paNa kalAnAM tamAma kSetronA abhyAsamAMthI mArI jAta kheMcI lIdhI che, tathA jema koI zahera yuddhachAvaNImAM pheravAI jAya tyAre nAgariko mATe khorAkanI vyavasthA upADI levAmAM ApaNe lAgI jaIe tema havenI duniyAnA mANasamAtrane peTa pUratuM kema maLI rahe ane te mATenI uttama vyavasthA kevI hoya tenI khojanA kArya mATe meM mArI jAtane soMpI dIdhI che. TaoNlsTaoNye raskina vize lakhyuM hatuM : javalle ja jovA maLe tevA e mAnavI hatA. jeo hRdayathI vicAranArA hoya che te paikInA vicAraka e hatA. temaNe potAnechuM dekhAya ke anubhavAya teTalA pUrato ja vicAra nathI karyo, paNa AvanArA bhAvimAM darekedareka vyaktie jeno vicAra karavAno che ane e je kahevAnI che, te ja vAta raskine karI che. 170 temanA A naitika cAritryanuM bala temanA jIvanamAM sAMgopAMga akhaMDa hatuM. temanI naitiktAne e ja ghaTita hatuM. bAgakAma, khodavAnuM kAma, saphAIkAma jevAM zramanAM anivArya kAma vize ApaNe je TaoNlsTaoNya ane gAMdhImAM joIe chIe tevI jIvanadRSTi temanAM lakhANa ane sAmAjika kAryo mAraphata jovA maLe che. mahAmanA raskinanuM jIvana sarvasAmAnya aMgreja karatAM ghaNI ghaNI bAbatomAM mULathI ja anokhI maulika vizeSatAovALuM hatuM. temanAM evAM javana ane vicAra thakI jagata AkhAnI mAnavatAne sparzanAra uttamottama ciMtana anTu dhisa lAsTa graMtha temanA taraphthI maLyo. satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha mahAtmA gAMdhI banTu pisa lAsTa vize AtmakathAmAM lakhe cheH polAka... mane mUkavA sTezana upara AvelA, ne 'A pustaka rastAmAM vAMcI zakAya tema che. te vAMcI jajo. tamane gamaze', ema kahI temaNe raskinanuM aTu dhisa lAsTa mArA hAthamAM mUkyuM. A pustakane lIdhA pachI huM choDI ja na zakyo. teNe mane pakaDI lIdho. pustakamAM sUcavelA vicAro amalamAM mUkavAno meM IrAdo karyo... je thoDAM pustako meM vAMcyAM che tene huM ThIka pacAvI zakyo ema kahI zakAya evA pustakomAM jeNe mArA jIvanamAM tatkALa mahattvano racanAtmaka pheraphAra karAvyo, evuM to A eka ja pustaka kahI zakAya... mArI evI mAnyatA che ke je vastu mArAmAM hADe bharelI hatI. tenuM spaSTa pratibiMba meM raskinanA A graMtharatnamAM joyuM ne teNe mArI upara sAmrAjya jamAvyuM. mahAtmA gAMdhIe dakSiNa AphrikA satyAgraha laData samaye kanjina opiniyana mukhapatramAM antu dhisa lAsTano sAra pragaTa karyo hato. te pachI sarvodaya nAme pustikA pragaTa karIne tenI prastAvanAmAM temaNe tamAma bhAratIya mATe raskinanA vicAranuM mahattva batAvyuM che mahAmanA raskine potAnI e pratIti mujaba potAnI jAtane pazcimanA dezamAM sAdhAraNa rIte ema mAnavAmAM Ave che ke anTu dhisa lAsTanI bhAvanAnA kArya mATe cheka keTalI hade, potAnA vadhAre mANasanuM ('maeNjaoNriTI'nuM) sukha-teono udaya-e vadhAravAnuM priya kalAnA kSetranA saMnyAsapUrvaka, samarpI dIdhI te temanA nIcenAMmANasanuM kAma che. sukha eTale mAtra zArIrika sukha, paisATakAnuM paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka oNkTobara- 2018

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sukha, evo artha karavAmAM Ave che. evuM sukha meLavavAmAM nItinA bhUmi te eka veLA suvarNabhUmi gaNAtI, kema ke hiMdI loko suvarNarUpe niyamono bhaMga thAya tenI khAsa darakAra karavAmAM AvatI nathI. hatA. bhUmi to tenI te ja che, paNa mANaso pharyA che eTale te bhUmi temaja vadhAre mANasonuM sukha jALavavuM evo hetu rAkhyo che, tethI verAna jevI thaI gaI che. tene pAchI suvarNa banAvavAne ApaNe thoDAkane du:kha daIne vadhArene sukha apAya to tema karavAmAM harakata saguNo vaDe suvarNa thavAnuM che. teno pArasamaNi be akSaramAM che ema pazcimanA loko mAnatA nathI. evuM mAnatA nathI tenuM samAyelo che ane te 'satya che. vAsta joke dareka hiMdI 'satya'no pariNAma ApaNe pazcimanA badhA mulakomAM joIe chIe. ja Agraha rAkhaze to hiMdustAnane ghera beThAM svarAjya Avaze. A vadhAre mANasane zArIrika ane paisATakAnuM sukha hoya e ja raskinanA lakhANano sArAMza che. zodhavuM evo khudAI kAyado nathI. ane jo eTaluM ja zodhavAmAM ahIM je svarAjanI vAta karI che te rAjakIya AjhAdI pUratA Ave ne nItinA niyamono bhaMga thAya to te khudAI kAyadAnI svarAjanI nathI. mahAtmA gAMdhIe hiMda svarAja (1979)mAM viruddha che, evuM keTalAka pazcimanA DAhyA lokoe batAvyuM che. tenI vyAkhyA pAna 76-77 para ApIne e graMtha samApta karyo; e - temAM marahUma jona raskina mukhya hato. te aMgreja hato, ghaNo mujaba "svarAja' te sarvoparI mUlya 'sAdhya che. tene ApaNe Aje ja vidvAna hato. teNe hanara, kaLA, citrakAma vagere upara saMkhyAbaMdha eka vyApaka sAmAjika saMdarbhamAM laIe to te phreMca krAMtinAM svataMtratA, ane ghaNI sarasa kitAbo lakhI che. nItinA viSayo upara paNa teNe samAnatA ane baMdhutAnAM mUlya mATe, temaja mUDIvAda ane lokazAhInI ghaNuM lakhyuM che. temAMnuM (A) eka nAnuM pustaka che. te teNe pote Arthika, rAjakIya ane sAmAjika vyavasthA mATe 'hetu' nI khAmI potAnAM lakhANomAMnuM uttama mAnyuM che. jyAM aMgrejI bolAya che tyAM pUrI kare che. temAM pazcimanA paMDitoe e aMge sAdhya-sAdhana te pustaka baha vaMcAya che. temAM upara batAvyA che tevA vicAronuM saMbaMdha nahIM samajavAnI karela bhUlane have A 'svarAjya'no hetu' bahu ja sarasa rIte khaMDana karyuM che. ane batAvI ApyuM che ke nItinA eTale 'sAdhya' dUra kare che. svarAjanA sAdhya vaDe have phreMca krAMtinA niyamo jALavavAmAM ApaNI bahetarI che. mUlya 'sAdhana' eTale siddhAMtano darajjo meLavIne bIja tarIke ... sarvadharmane aMge nIti to rahelI ja che paNa dharmano vicAra sAdhya phalita karanAra bane che, kema ke sAdhanasAdhya saMbaMdhano niyama, karyA vinA paNa, sAdhAraNa buddhithI vicAratAM nIti jALavavI e mahAtmA gAMdhIe hiMda svarAjamAM Apyo te mujaba, ''sAdhana e jarUranuM che. temAM sukha che, evuM jaoNna raskine batAvyuM che. teNe bIja che.'' evA "svarAja' mATe samAjanA anyAyI mALakhAnA pazcimanA lokonI AMkha kholI che ne Aje tenA zikSaNane AdhAre TrasTIzipamAM rUpAMtara mATe mahAtmA gAMdhIe premamaya ahiMsaka ghaNA gorAo potAnuM vartana calAve che. tenA vicAro hiMdI prajAne satyAgrahanI zodha karI. tenA AdhAranI bhUmikAmAM premano siddhAMta paNa upayogI thAya tevA hetuthI, upara kahI gayA te pustakamAMthI che. tene aTu dhisa lAsTamAM raskinanA vAlIpaNAnA abhigamathI aMgrejI nahIM jANanArA hiMdIo samajI zake tevuM tAraNa ApavAno samarthana maLe che. mahAtmA gAMdhIe raskinanA vAlIpaNAnA e ame TharAva karyo che. abhigamano TrasTIzipa siddhAMtamAM AviSkAra karyo ane pachI teno - mahAtmA gAMdhIe anTa dhisa lAsTa nAM cAreya prakaraNone aMte bhAratanA svataMtratA AMdolananA satyAgrahamAM rASTrIya phalaka para potAnA tAraNamAM 'sArAMza' nAme alaga eka prakaraNa paNa lakhIne amala kayA; janA saphaLatA jagata jAI potAnA vicAromAM otaprota raskinanA vicAro vaDe taiyAra thayela raskina ane gAMdhI jANe eka vicAranA paryAya che. Aje have adUbhUta rasAyaNa ja ApaNI sAme mukI ApyuM. temAMthI keTalAka darekedareka zikSita nAgarika mATe samAjaracanA ane parivartana aMza ahIM TAMkIzuM : saMbaMdhI pAyAnI samaja keLavanAra temanA vicAradarzanano paricaya mahAna raskinanA lakhANanI matalaba have ame pUrI karI che. karavAnuM agAu kadI na hatuM teTaluM anivArya banI gayuM che. dekhItuM A lakhANa joke ghaNA vAMcanArane lukhuM jaNAze, chatAM jeoe che ke mULabhUta mAnavIya mUlyonI hiMsAthI mukta hoya evA samAjanI vAMcyuM che teone ame pharIthI te vAMcavAnI bhalAmaNa karIe chIe... racanA mATe raskina vicAra nyAyanA mUlya vaDe eka sabaLa bauddhika paNa bahu jUja vAMcanAra paNa jo teno abhyAsa karI temAMthI sAra siddhAMta ane vyavahAra mATe sakSama naitika AdhAra pUro pADe che, kheMcaze to amArI mahenata phaLI samajIzuM. chevaTamAM, hiMdustAnane svarAjya maLo e badhA hiMdIno avAja che ne te kharo che. paNa te nItine raste meLavavAnuM che. te kharuM svarAjya hovuM joIe. ane pa4pArasakuMja vibhAga 2, te nAza karanArA IlAjothI ke kArakhAnAMo karavAthI nahIM maLe. mahArANI lakSmIbAInA sTecya pAse, udyama joIe, paNa te udyama khare raste joIe. hiMdustAnanI seTelAITa roDa, AMbAvADI, amadAvAda 380OO6. phona naM. 08511172322 - Email :nirali@gmail.com oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (171

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raskina ane mahAtmA gAMdhI pro. ema. ela. dAMtavAlA karmazIla mUlyaniSTha mUrdhanya arthazAstrI hatA. emane vedhaka saMzodhano karyA ane vipula paNa tejasvI lekhanothI emanA adhyayana dvArA khUba prakhyAta thayA hatA. kRSi arthavijJAnane vidyAzAkhAmAM mobhAspada darajjo emanA prayatnothI prApta thayo hato. gAMdhImUlyomAM zraddhA dharAvatA teo e mArge mahatvanuM kArya kare che. eka divasa zrI cittaraMjana vorA raskinanA anTu dhisa lAsTanuM bhASAMtara laI mAre tyAM AvyA. temaNe mane prastAvanA lakhI ApavA vinaMtI karI. e meM tarata svIkArI paNa pachI mane lAgyuM ke A javAbadArI levAmAM meM kaMika utAvaLa karI. raskina ane phkataH gAMdhIjInI Arthika vicArasaraNInI tamAma bAbatanuM samarthana karavAnuM mAre mATe zakya na hatuM te spaSTa hatuM. svAbhAvika che ke jyAre koI ciMtaka evI bhAvanAthI pustaka taiyAra kare ke raskina (ane gAMdhIjI)nI Arthika lisUphI haju Aje paNa susaMgata che ane gujarAtanA vAcako suvikhyAta pustaka anTu dhisa lAsTanA bhASAMtara mAraphata tene manamAM vadhu utAre, tyAre tenI prastAvanAmAM mAro alaga mata huM keTalI makkamatAthI vyakta karI zakIza? paNa eka vAra vacana ApyA pachI vizvAse rahelA mitra sAthe bIjo vicAra karavAnuM ThIka na gaNAya, eTale pachI vacceno mArga kADhyo. cittaraMjane anTu dhisa lAsTanA vicAronuM tAtparya ane tenI saMgati batAvato paricaya lakhavo ane mAre upodghAta lakhavo.' mAre kabUla karavuM joIe ke cittaraMjananI vAta meM tarata svIkArI lIdhI tenI pAchaLa bIjuM eka kAraNa raskina ane gAMdhIjInA vicAro sAthenA mArA anusaMdhAnanuM che. mArA manamAM e naitika ane bauddhika baMne rIte rahyuM che. ane vaLI khAsa to gAMdhIjIe anTu dhisa lAsTa vAMcyA pachI anubhavyuM te, emaNe lakhyuM: "A pustakanA Adarza / Adarza mujaba mAruM jIvana badalavAno meM nizcaya karyo... je thoDAM pustako meM vAMcyAM che tene huM ThIka pacAvI zakyo chuM, ema kahI zakAya evAM pustakomAM jeNe mArI jiMdagImAM tatkALa mahattvano racanAtmaka pheraphAra karAvyo, evuM to A eka ja pustaka kahevAya.' (AtmakathA pAna 272)' vaLI anyatra emaNe kahyuM cheH "anTu bisa lAsTa e zabdomAM je Azaya che tene huM vaLagI rahuM chuM... anTu dhisa lAsTamAM kahelA siddhAMta pALavAnuM ne teno amala karavAnuM khAsa jarUrI che, ema huM mAnuM chuM. te sivAya mANasajAti tenA baMdhutA ane samAnatAnAM dhyeyane jIvanamAM utArI zake nahIM ane AgaLa vadhI zake nahIM." (harijana, 25-8-1946, pA. 281) 172 meM raskina tathA raskina ane gAMdhI upara lakhAyeluM vadhu keTalAMka pustako vAMcyAM. e vAcane mane A upodghAta lakhavAnI hAma ApI. raskinanI Arthika ane sAmAjika philasUphI upara satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha paricayamAM cittaraMjane vigate lakhyuM che. have huM tene bRhad zAstravicAraNAnA saMdarbhamAM rajU karavAno prayatna karIza. nAnakakakSA mATenA mArI pAsenA pAThyapustaka hisTarI opha ikaoNnaoNmika DaoNkTrinamaM tenA lekhako cArlsa gida ane cArlsa risTa (jyaoNrja hArpa, 1915), raskina, TaoNlsTaoNya ane keTaleka aMze baMnenA purogAmI thaoNmasa kArlAIlane eka viziSTa darajjAmAM mUke che. emane bhAra daIne adhyAtmavAdI ('misTiksa') kahe che. gAMdhIjInI vicArasaraNI para A tripuTInI asara tAravavAno prayAsa paNa ahIM karyo che. A traNeyane gAMdhIjInI jema ja praziSTa ('klAsikala') arthazAstra ApelAM siddhAMto ane nItio mAnya na hatAM. tenA e prakhara TIkAkAra hatA. (raskina to jaoNna sTuarTa mila para Akramaka humalo ja kare che.) TaoNlsTaoNya ane raskina, e baMne sukhavAdI siddhAMta ('hIDaoNnisTika') ne vakhoDe che. e baMne zarIrazramanI himAyata kare che. e ja zakti che. tenA vaDe mAnavIne mukti maLaze ane samAjamAM navacetanA Avaze. (gida ane risTa pA. 510) tema chatAM bhAvi samAjanI kalpanA bAbata baMnemAM bhinnatA che. raskina bhaviSyanA samAjane sAdaryalakSI hovA uparAMta temAM samRddhi ane bhadrazIla sabhyatA kahyuM che. TaoNlsTaoNyane mana temAM samAnatA, sAmuhikatA haze, ne khAsa to naitikatA haze, raskina ane TaoNlsTaoNyanI preraNAne lIdhe gAMdhIjImAM zarIrazrama (carakhA) mATeno Aha ane TaoNlsTaoNyanI preraNAne lIdhe temanAmAM nirapavAda naitika mUlyono, satya ane ahiMsA mATeno daDha Agraha Avyo hoya ema lAge che. raskinanA sAmAjika navacetanAnA kAryakramano gida ane risTa nIce mujaba samAropa kare cheH (1) dareka vyakita mATe zarIrazrama pharajiyAta hovo joIe. anyanA zramane nicovI. teno kasa kADhIne thatA phAyadA upara jIvavAnuM behUduM ane AtmavaMcanAthI bhareluM che... je yaMtra pavana ke pANInI zakti vaDe cAlatAM ho, je prakRtinI ramaNIya pavitratAne pragaTa kare tevAM hoya paNa je kolasA vaDe cAlanAra peThe pradUSaNa pedA karanArAM na hoya, te sivAyanAM badhAM yaMtrano tyAga karavo joIe. hareka majUra kuzaLa kArIgara bane ema raskina cAhatA ane kArIgara pachI kalAvAna paNa bane evI temanI jhaMkhanA hatI. tyAre bIjI bAju TaoNlsTaoNya kalA jevA saMskAra mATe khAsa khevanA rAkhatA paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka oNkTobara- 2018

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nathI. emanuM mana grAmasevAnA vicAra upara jaI TharyuM che. tene mAhitIlakSI na hoya paNa temAM sauthI vadhu to AtmagauravanI pasInAnI kamANI (beDa lebara) tarIke teo gaurava Ape che. anya sabhAnatA, sauMdarya mATe anurAga, uparI adhikArI mATe AdaranI sajAvaTanA ThAThanI temAM koI jarUra ja nathI. e svayaM zreSTha che. bhAvanA ane Atmabhoga mATe tatparatA vikasAvanArI keLavaNIno (gida ane risTa pA. 512). samAveza thavo joIe. gAMdhIjIe uparano sAra raskina ane TaoNlsTaoNya baMnemAMthI kArlAila raskinanA purogAmI hatA. temanA Arthika vicAra grahaNa karIne pachI teno bhAratIya saMdarbhamAM samanvaya karyo. raskinane maLatA che. praziSTa arthazAstrIonI agAunI jUnI (2) samAjamAM koI bekAra ke beThADu na rahevuM joIe. AvI vicArasaraNInA e kadAca sauthI vadhu AkarA virodhI rahyA hatA. paristhiti Take te mATe kAmanuM mahattva che. kAma e darekane svAbhAvika temaNe ja arthazAstrane sogiyuM zAstra ('Dijhamala sAyansa') kaheluM. pUraka pravRtti che. tema, e samAja vyavasthAmAM pesI javA pAmatI sAmAjika philasUkI tarIke mukta vyApAravAdane vakhoDavAmAM e bahu khAmI ke bhUlacUkamAMthI ugAranAra sAdhana paNa che. AjanA samAjanI ugra rahyA. vyavasthA khAmIbharelI to che ja. ApaNe joIe chIe ke kAma kaMI raskina-vicAranA zAstrIya darajjAno, arthazAstranA siddhAMtanA badhAne ja maLatuM nathI; temaja amuka loko vaLI beThADu jIvana paNa itihAsa mujaba vicAra karIne, have aTu dhisa lAsTanI vicAraNA jIvI zake che. AvI vikRta asamAnatAnI khAmIne to hala karavI upara AvIe. raskinanI sAmAjika ane Arthika philasUphI upara ja rahI. to cittaraMjane vigate rajUAta karI che. tethI have ApaNa A (3) zramanAM vetana kevaLa mAgapuravaThAnI Akasmika vadhaghaTanA upoddhAtamAM mukhyatve je be prazna raskina ane gAMdhI beunA vicAromAM AdhAre nizcitta na thaI zake. Ama karavAthI zramane vikrayapAtra sauthI vadhu agatyanA banyA che, te vize carcA karIzuM: saMskArI vastu tarIke gaNIne tene utArI pADavA jevuM thaze. vetana to samAjanA pAyAnA AdhAra tarIke nyAya (gAMdhIjI temAM ahiMsAne mAnavatAnA sanAtana nyAya mujaba cUkavAze. koI gRhIta siddhAMta joDe che) ane yaMtra eTale ekaMdare audyogikaraNa mATe asvIkAra. mAnya rAkhIne ja A thaI zake evuM mAnavAnI jarUra nathI. anyatra badhI mAnavapravRttione AvarI lenAra pAyAnA mUlya tarIke raskine nyAyayukta vetana bAbata nirUpaNa kareluM che. (juo ar nyAyane sarvatra svIkAravAmAM Ave che. ane chatAM nyAya eTale zuM dhisa lAsTa 171, 173) tenI samaja judI judI hoya che. mUDIvAdamAM saraLa nyAya toLanAra (4) bhUmi, khanija, khANa jaLadhodha jevI kudaratI saMpattinuM tathA kuzaLa lavAda tarIke 'mukta bajAra' nuM A bAbata khAsa mahattva ane saMdeza vyavahAranAM sAdhanonuM rASTrIyakaraNa hovuM joIe. raskina gaNAya che. tenuM dhyeya che : 'darekane darekanI kAryakSamatA mujaba potAne umarAvapaNAnA- "eNrisTorakreTika' ane kalAnA mamanI vaLatara maLavuM joIe ane nabaLAM -dUbaLAMnuM to pachI bhale je chApavALA pUrepUrA sAmyavAdI gaNAve che. thavAnuM hoya te thAya.'' ("Each according to his ability and TaoNlsTaoNya hakIkatamAM saMpUrNa sAmyavAdI hatA. aMgata milakatanA Devil take the hindmost") raskina ane gAMdhI kAryakSamatAnuM mULabhUta adhikAra mATenA kAyadA pAchaLa rahela mAnavavRttino e mahattva saMpatti prApta karavAmAM svIkAre che, paNa upayoga karavAmAM ugratAthI virodha karatA. e pokArIne kahetAH 'bhUmi tarapha pAchA nahIM. e mATe to "darekane darekanI AvazyakatA mujaba vaLatarano pharo, ane sahakAritAne anusaro. dareka vyaktie potAno khorAka siddhAMta lAgu paDavo joIe'', ema teo kahe che. A kAraNe jAte ja pedA karI levo joIe.' raskine TrasTIzipanA saiddhAMtika vicArano AviSkAra karyo ane raskinanA sauMdaryalakSI ane umarAvazAhI - 'eNrisTaoNkreTika' gAMdhIe tene eka pUrNarUpa ApyuM. bIjI bAjuM. sAmyavAde utpAdananAM sAmyavAda ane TaoNlsTaoNyanA khaDatalapaNIthI barachaTa (spArTana) badhAM sAdhanonI sAmAjika mAlikI vaDe khAnagI mAlikInI prathAno sAmyavAga, e be nI vacce gAMdhIne ApaNe kyAM mUkIzuM? gAMdhIno aMta lAvavAnI rajUAta karI. ema karIne asamAnatAne UgatI paNa dAvo to hato ke pote e sau (bhAratanA) samAjavAdIonA ja DAmI devAno vicAra te prastuta kare che. mUDIvAda tathA sAmyavAdano, janma pahelAMthI samAjavAdI che: "huM sauthI vadhu agraNI samAjavAdI raskina 'madhyamamArga' apanAvIne AMzika rIte - ane gAMdhI to chuM. evo mAro dAvo che.'' sarvAze - asvIkAra kare che. temanI daSTie mUDIvAda anaitika che. (5) samAjanI racanA dareka varganI sevAnA mUlyane AdhAre tenA pAyAmAM saMpatti ekaThI karavAnI tenI rIta che. sAmyavAdamAM goThavAya e siddhAMta mAnya karavo joIe. vinayavivekanI-zivalarInI vyakti svAtaMtra rahetuM nathI. vyaktinI sarjanAtmaka zaktio, tenI lazkarI sevAmAM, tema audyogika sevAomAM paNa jarUra che ja. kArya mATenI preraNA sAmyavAdamAM rAjyasattA chInavI le che. vastutaH (juo: abdu dhisa lAsTa, prakaraNa 1, phakaro 60, sabhyatA vize.) sAmyavAdano artha Akhare to amaladArazAhI mAraphata rAjakIya (6) zikSaNanuM sthAna cauthI UMcu rahevuM ghaTe che. zikSaNa kevaLa pakSanI saramukhatyArI jevo thAya. LoNkaTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha)(173)

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sAmyavAdanuM patana thatAM Aje to have dhanatRSNAthI prerita (bhAra umeryo che) Arthika samAnatA vize gAMdhIjInA racanAtmaka Akramaka mUDIvAde sarvoparI sthAna meLavyuM che. A saMdarbhamAM kadAca kAryakramamAM khAsa AgaLapaDato ullekha jovA maLe che te noMdhavuM vikalpa kevaLa raskina ane gAMdhInA vicArano ja che. temAM vyaktine joIe: "jyAM lagI khobA jeTalA paisAvALA ane bhUkhyAM rahetAM yojakazaktinA vikAsa mATe taka che, tethI temAM samRddhi meLavI to karoDo vaccenuM bahoLuM aMtara cAlu rahe tyAM lagI ahiMsAnA pAyA zakAya che paNa teno vaparAza sAmAjika raheevuM abhipreta che. para cAlato rAjyavahIvaTa saMbhavita nathI. svataMtra hiMdustAnamAM Aje upabhoktAvAda ('kanturijhama') no prabhAva cAre bAju dezanA sauthI tavaMgara mANaso jeTalI sattA bhogavatA haze teTalI ja phelAI rahyo che. tenI asara nIce rahelAM mUlyono inkAra ekadama sattA garIbonI haze. temAM navI dilhInA mahelo ne temanI paDakhe ekAeka to zakya nathI, te vize huM pUro sabhAna chuM. tema chatAM ja AvelAM garIba majUra vasatinAM kaMgALa gholakAMo vacce je satya, ahiMsA ane aparigrahanA Adarza kaMI khoyelA svapna jevA kAramo taphAvata Aje dekhAya che te eka divasabhara paNa nahIM nathI. e jatA karavA joIe nahIM. saMskRtinI svasthatA ane nabhe.'' (racanAtmaka kAryakrama : tenuM rahasya ane sthAna, gAMdhIjI. astitvanA e ati mUlyavAna siddhAMta che. tene kadI paNa aLagA prakA. navajIvana 1941, A. 4, 1993, pAna 28). ke dUra karI zakAya nahIM. eka mANasa bIjA karatAM vadhu dhanika kema che? raskina javAba raskina ane gAMdhInA asamAnatA vizenA lakhANamAM baMnee Ape che: "kema ke e vadhu udyamI, vadhu khaMtIlo ane vadhu vicArazIla mUkelA bhAra aMge mane taphAvata lAge che. raskina mujaba dhanika che.'' (paoNliTikala IkaoNnaoNmI oNpha ArTa, avataraNa, hasana dvArA) lokoe ane zANA lokoe potAnI dhanasaMpatti ane zANapaNano e vadhu umere che : ''keTalIka vyaktio zAzvatapaNe nitya ucca upayoga saunA bhalA mATe karavo joIe. e spaSTa bhAra mUkI lakhe kakSAnI zreSTha hoya che, ane kyAreka to eka ja vyakti anya che: "samAnatA zakya nathI'' samAnatA-asamAnatA vize gAMdhIjInAM tamAmamAM sarvathA ucca hoya che, ema batAvavAno niraMtara mAro vidhAna dekhItI rIte gUMcavanArAM che. dAkhalA tarIke, dhanika mATe Azaya rahyo che. evI vyakti ke vyaktione mArgadarzaka tarIke, temaNe salAha ApI. 'tamArI kSamatAthI meLavela karoDonI saMpatti netRtva pUruM pADI doranAra tarIke ane UNapane vakhate prasaMga tame avazya meLavo, paNa samajI lejo ke A saMpatti tamArI nathI, AvyuM, jarUra jaNAya tyAre potAnAM umadA jJAna-samaja anusAra lokonI che. (harijana, phebruArI 1942) paNa e pachI teo Adeza AjJA ApIne pharaja paNa pADe te mATe niyukta karavAnuM vidhAna kare che : "potAne khapa karatAM vadhArAnuM meLavavuM ke saMghareluM taddana yogya che, ema meM haMmeza kahyuM che.'' (an dhisa lAsTa dhana e corI ja che.'' (harijana, oNgasTa 11, 1946) ane 180) garIba-tavaMgara vaccenA aMtaranI khAI coMkAvanArI che. dhana ekaThuM garIba prati eka kAmagAra mATe, udAharaNa tarIke, emanI karavAmAM rahela zoSaNa aMge e pUrA jAgrata hatA. eka jamInadAra zikhAmaNa cheH vaphAdArI ane pharajapAlana, AjJAMkitapaNuM ane yajamAne temane sonAnAM vAsaNomAM dUdha-phaLa pIrasyAM. teno pratyAghAta namatA. e garIbane kahe che: "bhojanamAM tamAro bhAga mAgavAnA ApatAM temaNe kaheluM: "A sonAnAM vAsaNa AvyAM kyAMthI?'' tame pUrA adhikArI cho. paNa te mATe tame eka kUtarAnI jema DAu dekhItuM che, raiyatane cUsIne. e vakhate ja temaNe kahyuM : "huM rAjAnA DAu karIne pUMchaDI paTapaTAvIne jarAye mAgazo nahIM. paNa eka ja mahela ke dhanikonA mahAlaya sAme vAMdho leto nathI. paNa mArI to kuTuMbanAM sau bALakonI jema ja tame paNa tamAro hakka mAgo. temane AgrahabharI vinaMtI che ke garIba kisAnathI temanuM aMtara kuTuMbanA pharajaMdanI jema ja tame paNa mAgavAnA hakadAra cho ja, vadhAranArI khAI ghaTADavA mATe teo kaMIka avazya kare.'' (yaMga paNa te sAthe pavitra, sarvAga saMpUrNa ane svaccha jIvana jIvavA inDiyA, oNkTo. 7, 1926) gAMdhIjIe temanA TrasTIzipanA mATenA tamArA dAvAne paNa AgrahapUrvaka bulaMda avAjamAM rajU siddhAMtanI zaratomAM bhAra mUkIne lakhyuM: "koI paNa vyaktie karo.'' (a dhisa lAsTa, 282) "mAlike kAmagAra sAthe pitA vadhumAM vadhu keTalI Avaka meLavavI tenI maryAdA nakkI karavI jevuM vartana rAkhavuM ghaTe.'' - A sAmaMtayuganI asara ke pachI eka joIe. ochAmAM ochI Avaka (sAruM jIvananirvAha - vetana) prakAranI sAmaMtavAdI manovalaNano paDagho. gAMdhIjI paNa eTalA ane vadhumAM vadhu Avaka vacceno taphAvata vAjabI ane samAnatAlakSI ja eka vakIla-vAlInI bhUmikAe vicAranArA hatA. "milamAlikoe rahevo joIe, eTale e samAnatA sAcavanAro ane vakhatovakhata paNa bIjA dhaMdhAvyApAra karanAranI jema pote mahAjana tarIke temAM pheraphAra thaI zake tevo hovo joIe. temaja baMne vacceno majUronA hitano khyAla rAkhavo joIe. Aja sudhI kAmagAra taphavAta ghaTato jAya, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa enuM valaNa evuM hovuM sAthe zeTha-nokara jevo saMbaMdha hato te pitA ane saMtAna jevo hovo joIe te aMtataH e taphAvata saMpUrNapaNe nAbUda thavo joIe.'' joIe. (yaMga inDiyA. 3-5-'88, pAna - 248 dha silekTaDa (174) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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varksa oNka mahAtmA gAMdhI, vaoNlyuma 8, pAna 402, dha vaoNIsa bhAratamAM audyogikaraNa sAmrAjyavAda sAthe saMkaLAyeluM hatuM. gulAma oNpha TUtha, navajIvana prakAzana) raskina mAne che ke kArakhAnAnA bhAratane anAjane bhoge kapAsanuM utpAdana vadhAravAnI pharaja mAliko pAse dhanasaMpattinI ane saMgaThananI zakti hovAthI garIba pADavAmAM AvI hatI. kapAsa kaMI bhArata mATe tAkIdanI AvazyakatA zramika majUrane mArgadarzana ApavAnI temanI javAbadArI gaNAya. na hatI. kapAsanI khetIvALA pradezomAMthI baMdara sudhI te mATe IgleMDanA dhanikone to raskine tAkIda karI hatI ke temaNe potAnI relamArgo taiyAra karavAmAM AvyA jethI A mAla bhAratamAMthI IMglenDa zakti vaDe mAnavasamudAyanAM kAryone dizA ApavAnAM, temanI nikAsa karI zakAya. emAMthI tyAMnI mAncesTara - laMkezAyaranI zaktionA pravAhane yogya mArge vALavAnAM ane je ajJAna che kApaDa-milomAM kaMtAI vaNAI kApaDa taiyAra thAya, eTale tyAMthI temane sAcI samaja-mAhitI ApavAnAM kArya karavAM joIe.'' mokalavAmAM Ave. A paddhatie bhAratamAM vikendrita rahIne cAlatA raskina ane gAMdhI icchatA hatA ke dhanika varga potAnAM kAMtavA vaNavAnA udyogano, carakhA ane vaNATazALAno nAza to saMpatti ane kauzalyano upayoga saunA hita mATe eka TrasTa tarIke karyo ja paNa A sAthe sAthe lAkho kArIgaronI AjIvikAnA kare. raskina kAmagAra-zramikane mATe nyAyayukta vetana para bhAra sAdhanano paNa nAza karyo tathA temane bhUmihIna majUro banAvI mUke che. pote vetanamAM nyAya zAne kahe che te vize e spaSTIkaraNa khetI upara dhakelI dIdhA.'' rajU kare che. (juo aTu dhisa lAsTa, 170, 171, 173) Ama hovA chatAM, yaMtro ane audyogikIkaraNa mATe aNagamo TrasTInA AcaraNa saMbaMdhI gAMdhI vadhu custa hatA. TrasTI saMpattino preranAra kurUpatA to tenI eka ADapedAza hatI ema mAnavuM kabajo rAkhavAmAM temaja vaparAza karavAmAM potAnA svArthane saMtoSavAno joIe, e paristhitivaza saMjogAdhIna hatI, kAyamI nahIM. tene prayAsa kare ke sAmAjika hita prati durlakSa na seve, te mATe, rAjyanA lIdhe pachI yaMtro-audyogikaraNanA asvIkAra-inakArane saiddhAMtika niyaMtraNane gAMdhIjIe nakAryuM na hatuM. svarUpa ApI zakAya nahIM. emAM audyogikIkaraNa saMbaMdhI geraarthaghaTana raskina ane gAMdhIjInA yaMtra ane TaeNknolaoNjI uparanA vicAra (DisTorzana) che. ethI tAkIdabharI AjanI sAmAjika paristhitimAM bAbata have huM jarA vadhu chaNAvaTa karavA icchuM chuM. viSamatA sarjanArA saiddhAMtika savAla pedA thAya. yaMtro, raskinanA samaye audyogikaraNa haju pukhta paripakva banyuM na audyogikIkaraNanA inakAra-asvIkAranI vAta sAthe huM saMmata nathI. hatuM. tenI adhakacarI avasthAno aMdhAdhUMdha phelAvo thaI rahyo hato. jhaDapabhera vadhatI vasatine bhArata zuM lAkaDAnA haLa ke varasAdane tenI sAme raskinano khAsa to pratyAghAta hato, ema mane raskinanA AdhAre thatI khetI vaDe nibhAvI zakaze? ke AjanA jamAnAmAM yuddho bhAga pUratuM lAge che. "kApaDa-milanA sALakhAtAmAM sAta varSanAM daramiyAna bhArata zuM have talavAra ke jarIpurANAM zastro vaDe rASTranuM bALako savAranA pAMcathI rAtanA ATha sudhI majUrI karatAM. bapore rakSaNa karI zake tema che? aitihAsika rIte AkhI mAnavasaMskRti trIsa miniTa risesa maLatI. thAkI jatAM dekhAya tyAre mukAdama paththarayugathI laIne cheka Aja sudhI, kaho ke raskina ne gAMdhInA temane phaTakA mAratA. tejInA samaye nAnI bALAo paroDhanA samaya sudhI, utkrAMta thaI che : pAchaLathI audyogikaraNane lIdhe eka traNathI rAtanA dasa sudhI kAma karatI. ghera Ave tyAre A bALako prakAranAM duSpariNAmo AvyAM e hakIkatane alaga rAkhIe, e thAkathI evAM UMghI jAya ke rukhAsUkA khorAkano koLiyo to cavAyA utkrAMti TaeNknaoNlaoNjImAM sudhAraNA mAraphata thaI. zarUAtamAM dhImI vagara ja emanA moDhAmAM bharelo rahI jAya. (lAyana Derika, raskina gatie AgaLa vadhatI TaeNknaoNlaoNjInI sudhAraNA satata AgaLa : dha greTa vikToriyana, jhahIra hasana dvArA uddhata, pAna 11, dha cAlatI ja rahI che. samayanI jema TeknaoNlaoNjInI A gatine relevansa oNpha raskina enDa gAMdhI, zrI pablizIMga hAusa, nyU itihAsanA koI eka biMdu upara rokavAnuM ke ThArI devAnuM zakya dilhI 1985) nathI. raskina ane gAMdhInI najaramAM khAsa jo koI gunegAra hoya A praznamAM ghaNI bAjuthI pratibhAva Ave tema bane. koI to te audyogikIkaraNa teNe ja hastakalAkauzala ane zramanI pratiSThAno keheze ''TaeNknolaoNjInI vAtane yaMtra ane audyogikaraNa sAthe bheLavazo nAza karyo. Ama samAjanA kArIgara pote kAco mAla kharIdI nahIM. dAkhalA tarIke bAyoTeknaoNlaoNjI. vikAsa mATe teno upayoga lAvatA, temAMthI sUtara kAMtI kapaDuM banAvatA ane ema pAko mAla thaI zake.'' ane e sivAya paNa kahI zakAya ke, "yaMtranA ko koI gAma samAjamAM ja vecatA. audyogikIkaraNo AvA Atmanirbhara, virodhI nathI. gAMdhIjIno virodha to yaMtra pAchaLanI ghelacchAbharI zAMtimaya grAmasamAjanA madhura jIvanasaMgItano nAza karyo. kArIgara AMdhaLI doTa mATe hato. ApaNe yogya TaeNknaoNlaoNjI ('eNpropriyeTa kuzaLa hoya to jagaprasiddha hastakalAno eka kArIgara banI jaze, TaeNknaoNlaoNjI') vikasAvIne tene apanAvI zakIe.'' ahIM ApaNe evI kalpanA rahetI. utpAdana phekTarImAM thatAM, e kalpanA alopa pUchIe, "je yogya gaNAya tenI hada kaI? ane pachI ghelachAbharI thaI. gAMdhInI daSTIe AmAM eka vadhu pAsuM paNa che. ApaNe mATe AMdhaLI doTa kaI hadathI gaNAya?'' e mATe pachI udAharaNo oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (175) |

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* ' lA. ApavAmAM Ave; jema ke, paryAvaraNano nAza athavA amaryAda eka bAju mArI pasaMdagI hoya ane bIjI bAju pharajiyAta pradUSaNa. paNa eka sImArekhA nakkI karavAnuM to muzkela che ja. svIkArI levI paDatI UMcI TaeNknaoNlaoNjI mATenI dvidhA hoya, e ayogya ('inaeNpropriyeTa') te zuM, tenI upara AMgaLI mUkIne saMrakSaNa ane vasatinI vadhatI AvazyakatAone lagatI dvidhA hoya ApaNe batAvI zakIe, paNa yogya ('epropriyeTI) eTale zuM, te te sAduM jIvana, pradUSaNa vinAnI nadIo, lIlAchama, pahADonAM spaSTa rIte nakkI karI zakatA nathI. AhUlAdaka sauMdaryanI pasaMdagIne lagatI dvidhA hoya, AgaLa kahyuM ahIM A je prazna uThAvyo tenA javAba mATe saMpUrNa nirUpaNa tema A dvidhAono ukela sUcavavAnuM atyAre mAre mATe zakya nathI karavAnuM, A TUMkA upodaghAtamAM zakya nathI. nikhAlasapaNe kahIe jaNAtuM. AvI paristhitine AdhIna rahelI dvidhAo saMjogo jema to huM pote A praznano koI ja samAdhAnakArI uttara ApI zakavAnI jema ochI thatI jaze. tema tema mArI mULa pasaMdagIne avakAza sthitimAM nathI. keTalAMka kSetromAM ApaNI pAse ene nahIM maLato jaze. apanAvavAno koI vikalpa nathI, eTaluM ja ApaNe ekaMdara kahI UMcI TaeNknaoNlaoNjIno ane sAdI paraMparAgata ke sudhArelI zakIe. saMrakSaNa sAdhanonuM udAharaNa laIe. zuM raDArano ke misAIla paraMparAgata TaeNknaoNlaoNjIno samanvaya thaI zake tema che? phayUcara zaoNka TaeNknaoNlaoNjIno ke phAITara plenano asvIkAra karI zakAze? ane ane tharDavevanA lekhaka elvina Tophlara kahe che ke A zakya che. e tamAre vizvabajAramAM sahabhAgI banavuM haze to seTelAITa, rimoTa- bhAvine kaMIka AvA saMdarbhamAM jue che : UrjA, kRSi, saMdezAvyavahAra sesiMga ke pheksamazIna vinA rahI zakAze? vaLato ja javAba AvI tathA namUnA dAkhala bAyaoNTaeNknaoNlaoNjInA kSetramAM chellA dasakAmAM je zake, amAre vizvabajAramAM sahabhAgI banavuM nathI. ame mAgIe sudhAraNA thavA pAmI che temAMthI nirdeza maLe che ke jANe "Aja chIe svadezI, AtmanirbharatA na maLe to svAzraya. ame peTroliyama sudhInA saMcita ane bhAvimAM AvanArA jJAnane paraspara meLavI ke tenI banAvaTo AyAta karIzuM nahIM. ame amArI vaNATazALa- denArI koI prakriyA apanAvIne eka navIna sAmudAyika jIvana pAvaralUma bAyaoNgaeNsa ane pavanacakkI vaDe calAvIzuM ane eNrapaoNrTane zakya bane tema che.'' e tene prathama mojA (audyogikIkaraNa) ane mINabattInA dIvA vaDe jhaLahaLatAM rAkhIzuM. (ahIM bhUlIe nahIM trIjA mojAno samanvaya kahe che. ke adyatana carakho paNa pIMjAI ane pUNInI banAvaTa mATe yAMtrika "ucca kakSAnI TaeNknaoNlaoNjI ane pAraMpArika grAmINa udyoga kriyA para AdhAra rAkhe che) nathI amAre kApaDanI nikAsa karavI ke ane kalA ekabIjA sAthe susaMgata hoya, ane baMnene saMrakSaNa ane nathI karavI anAjanI AyAta, jemAMthI hariyALI krAMtie protsAhana maLI rahe, evI eka parivartana prakriyAnI ApaNe (rAsAyaNika khAtaro ane jaMtunAzako vAparIne) amane ugArI kalpanA karI zakIe.'' lIdhA, te pahelAM ame karatA hatA. amane anivArya jarUra hatI "bhAra daIne kahI zakAya ke mAnavajAtanuM astitva A baMne tyAre anAjanI AyAta karI. prakAranI bajAraprerita ane mAnavalakSI Arthika pravRttinAM joDANa 1960nA dasakAmAM gharaAMgaNe anautpAdana sthagita thaI para nirbhara che.'' Tolara potAnA eka prakaraNane 'gAMdhI vitha gayuM hatuM tethI annanI tIvra achata thaI hatI. anautpAdanamAM seTelAITa' evuM nAma Ape che. kema haju A dizAnI vicAraNA TUMkA gALAmAM jhaDapabhera eka pachI eka pAka maLe ane te jaththAmAM koI bhAratIya abhyAsu ke nItividhAyaka rAjapuruSa dvArA hAtha vipulatAno vegavAna vadhAro kare e samayanI AvazyakatA paristhitinI dharAI nahIM, te ja zuM Azcaryajanaka nathI? tAkIda banI hatI. tene ja huM "paristhitivaza saMjogAdhIna pasaMdagI' TaeNknaoNlaoNjImAM satata cAlI rahelAM krAMtikArI parivartanonI kahuM chuM. have jyAre anAjanI upalabdhimAM AtmanirbharatA prApta prakriyAnA saMdarbhamAM raskina ane gAMdhInuM punaHmUlyAMkana karelI karI zakyA chIe tyAre ApaNe paryAvaraNalakSI TaeNknaoNlaoNjI jevA vicArasaraNI Agavo bhAga bhajavaze. vikalpanI pasaMdagI vicArI zakIe. te ja pramANe jagata AkhuM raskinanA A pustakanuM zIrSaka aTu dhisa lAsTa raskina ane rAjanItinI cAlakazakti tarIke ahiMsAno svIkAra kare to ja gAMdhIvicAranA aMtyodayanAM hArdane saMpUrNa rIte abhivyakta kare che. ApaNe zastrasaraMjAma vagara calAvI zakIe. A saMbhavita thAya A vicAronuM tAtparya e che ke ApaNI Arthika ane sAmAjika tyAM sudhI ApaNe UMcI TeknaoNlaoNjI ane tenAthI thatI hAninI philasUphI tathA mAnavIya ane sArvajanika vartananuM ghaDatara vaMcito jANa chatAM teno bahiSkAra karI zakIe nahIM. pratye samabhAvanA AdhAre thavuM joIe. Aje cAlatI khetIne badale kudaratI sendriya khetIne huM pasaMda mUDIvAda ane enI Arthika nItinI moTAmAM moTI khAmI e karuM chuM. paNa huM jouM chuM ke AgAmI eka-be dasakA sudhI to Aje che ke emAM koI paNa prakAranAM mUlyonuM sthAna nathI. A vyavasthAmAM pracalita khetIprathA badalavAnuM ke te sivAya pachI vadhatI vasatine dareka vyaktinA Arthika ane sAmAjika jIvanadhoraNa aMgenA nirNaya khorAka pUro pADavAnuM zakya bane nahIM. bajArataMtranA niyamane AdhAre thAya che, e niyama mujaba thatAM 176) (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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utpAdana ane enA vitaraNa vaDe thAya che. A nirNayamAM koI bhautikavAdI nirUpaNa dvArA phalita thatA niyitivAda tArkika siddhAMtano nyAya ke nItinI gaNatarI thatI nathI. bajAra kare te nyAya, A hato. prema, karuNA, dAna jevI bhAvanAone 'bUjharva morAliTI' eno siddhAMta che. nI manodazA gaNIne dabAvI devAmAM AvI hatI. sAmyavAdanI mUDIvAda tenA AraMbhakALe eka niSphara avasthAmAMthI pasAra philasUphImAM A valaNa anaitika hatuM. tene lIdhe ja temAM sTAlinavAda, thaI rahyo hato. e samaye temAM zramiko tarapha atyAcAra karavAmAM jorajulama, gUMgaLAmaNa, vyakti svAtaMtrano uccheda ane mAnavIya khUba atireka thato hato. tenuM varNana aTu dhisa lAsTa Ape che. gauravanA hrAsanI paristhiti jevI bAbato pedA thavA pAmI ane samaya jatAM, kALakrame ja mUDIvAdane potAnI bajAravyavasthAnI vadhavA pAmI. mAnavIya mUlyonI A samULa avahelanA hatI. joke khAmI aMge sabhAnatA AvI. khAsa to ethI vyApaka banelI sAmyavAdane jamA pAse sAkSaratA, Arogya, rojagArI tathA garIbI pAyamAlI ane sarvanAzano khyAla Avyo. potAnI e kharAbIne jevI bAbatomAM cheka kaThoratAnI hade vaNaselI dazAnI nAbUdI jevI sudhArI levAne sAru teNe keTalAka prayAsa karyA. jema ke, majUra kAyadA sArI bAbato hovA chatAM tenI Arthika ane rAjakIya nItiomAM karyA ane keTalAMka kalyANalakSI pagalAM lIdhAM. paNa jagatanAM rASTronI mAnavIya mUlyo prati je avahelanA rahI hatI tene lIdhe ja sAmyavAdanuM prajAone krUratAthI akathya yAtanAo ApyA pachI, emanA para Akhare patana thayuM. sAmrAjyo jamAvI lIdhA pachI, tyAMnI prajAonAM ghora amAnuSI raskina-gAMdhI vicAradhArAmAM chellAmAM chellA ne tarachoDAyelA zoSaNa karI karIne potAnAM sukhasamRddhi prApta karI lIdhA pachI, varga daridranArAyaNa tarapha kartavyanI sabhAnatA che. e ja tene ane te uparAMta paryAvaraNane paNa lUMTI lIdhA pachI, Aje have, vizvabharanI prajAonAM kalyANa ane saMskRti mATe zAzvata prastuta A mUDIvAdI pazcimI jagata "mAnavI mUlyo sahita vikAsa' nI banAve che. tenI sAthe ahiMsAnA gAMdhIpraNIta khyAlane joDI do. vAta kare che. A uparAMta anya khyAlo ApaNe AgaLa joI gayA tema samaye alpavikasita arthataMtro ke agAunA sAmyavAda nIcenAM arthataMtro samaye paristhitinI tAkIda mujaba ane saMjo gAdhIna karatAM mUDIvAdI arthataMtromAM garIbI ne pachAtapaNuM ochA pramANamAM (kaoNnTaTyuala') che. e khyAlonuM TaeNknaoNlaoNjImAM niraMtara AvatAM jovA maLI jAya to tethI kaMI temanAM mUlyamAM koI AmUla parivartana parivartanonAM saMdarbhamAM punaH punaH navasaMskaraNa. arthaghaTana karavAnuM thayuM che. ema jarA paNa puravAra thatuM nathI. Devil take the zakya hovuM joIe, jarUrI paNa banavuM joIe. hindmost nabaLAM vaMcito zayatAnane panAre, e ja haju paNa ahiMsA, upabhoga - jarUriyAta para maryAdA ane vikAsathI temanAM mUlyanuM svarUpa darzAve che. thatA lAbhamAM sAmAjika sahabhAgitA jevA mUlya e ar dhisa kArla mAkarse mUDIvAda upara tIvra prahAra karyo. sAmyavAdanA lAsTanI vicAradhArAno pAyo che. A vicAradhArA vaDe vahelAM ke temanA samAnatAlakSI dhyeyano prabhAva prabaLa hato. vizvabharanA moDAM, kadAca moDAM moDAM paNa mAnavajAti avazya samajaze ke bauddhiko ethI AkarSAyA hatA. paNa A vicArasaraNIno AdhAra TekanaoNlaoNjImAM game teTalI pragati thAya, tema chatAM aTu dhisa vaMcito mATe samabhAvano nahIM hato. temano AdhAra to itihAsanA lAsTano koI vikalpa nathI. ]]] kuzaLa mALI eka vAra gAMdhIjIne meM prazna pUchyo : "Apa ama sahasAdhakonA sAthI ja nahi, mArgadarzaka paNa cho. amArA doSa Apa sahana kema karo cho? amane te batAvatA kema nathI?'' tyAre emaNe kahyuM ke, "huM eka kuzaLa mALI chuM. mALI zuM kare che? e eka choDa vAve eTale ane khAtarapANI Ape. have, e choDanI AsapAsa ghAsa paNa Uge che. e ghAsane paNa peluM khAtara pANI maLe che. choDanI dRSTie ghAsa aniSTa che. chatAMya mALI ene tarata ukheDI nathI nAkhato. ene khabara hoya che ke, ghAsa ukheDavA jaIza to pelo choDa paNa kadAca ukhaDI jaze. tethI e dhIraja rAkhe che. pachI kALAMtare jyAre ene khAtarI thAya che ke have choDanAM mULiyAM majabUta thayAM che, tyAre ja e kuzaLatApUrvaka peluM ghAsa ukheDI nAkhe che.'' gAMdhIjInI A vAta sAMbhaLIne te ja kSaNathI huM potAnA AcAravicAramAM gAMdhIjIne na gamatA kayA kyA doSo che te zodhavAnA prayatno karavA lAgyo doSo zodhavA agharA na hatA. paraMtu najare caDelA doSone pheMkI devA e keTaluM agharuM che, enI te divasathI mane khabara paDavA lAgI. oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana :gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (177

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eka rUDuM kAma manubhAI paMcoLI - 'darzaka' gujarAtI bhASAnA mUrdhanya sAhityakAra navalakathA, navalikA, nibaMdha, ItihAsa lekhana karyuM che. 'jhera to pIdhAM jANI jANI' nAmaka prasiddha navalakathAnA sarjaka) gAMdhIjIe jyAre potAnI AtmakathAmAM raskinane potAnA para prabhAvI traNa mahApuruSomAMnA eka tarIke gaNAvyA ane tenA zakavartI pustaka anTu dhisa lAsTanA vAcane kema emanuM jIvanaparivartana karyuM e varNavyuM, tyAre ja A dezanA lokonuM dhyAna raskina tarapha kheMcAyuM hatuM. joke iMglenDamAM ane kaMIka aMze yuropamAM raskina e te kALanI yugacetanA che, tema kahenArA loko hatA ja. IMglenDanI lebara pArTI jyAre pahelI vAra pArlamenTamAM majabUta laghumatI tarIke pravezI tyAre tenA sabhyone puchAyeluM ke teo samAjavAda tarapha kema AkarSAyA? tyAre traNa caturthAMza sabhyoe uttara Apelo ke ''anTu dhisa lAsTa pustaka vAMcIne.'' ''pustako lakhyuM ke vAMcyuM zuM vaLe? duniyA to kAM baLathI cAle, kA chaLathI cAle ane kA dhanathI. copaDIthI? javA do vAta!'' ema kahenArA hatA ane che. paNa, copaDIe copaDIe phera che, eka lAkha detAMye na maLe ne bIjI trAMbiyAnA tera lekhe maLe. na je lAkha detAM na maLe tevAM pustakomAM anTu dhisa lAsTa akSayapAtra che. AjanI badhI lebara pArTIo ane badhe svIkRta thayela kalyANa rAjyanA pAyAmAM A nAnakaDI pustikA che. capaTI dArU jema moTA AlIzAna killAne uDADI mUke tema A pustikAe dareka potAne mATe ane rahI gayo te mUvo' te sUtrane potAno pAyo mAnanAra arthazAstranI ImArata evI toDI pADI ke have evI vAta karavAnI hiMmata koI arthazAstrI karI zakato nathI. majUrone pUratuM vetana ApavuM ja joIe, tenI mAMdagImAM saMbhALa levI ja joIe, tene vRddhAvasthAmAM nibhAvanAra vImA yojanA hovI ja joIe, te kharI rIte dhana-utpAdanamAM bhAgIdAra ja gaNAya. tenI bekArI mATe kArakhAnedAra javAbadAra che ja, bALamajUrI to na ja hoI zake, ''phAve tenA bhallA'' tevuM to have svapnamAM paNa koI mUDIdAra ke koI arthazAstrI bolI zakatA nathI, te raskinanA pratApe. A nAnakaDA graMthamAM A badhI vAto akATya dalIlothI ane tejasvI bhASAmAM kahevAI che, upAyo paNa sUcavAyA che. te vakhate arthazAstrIo vagara saMkoce kahetA ke nItine ane amane zAno saMbaMdha? amAruM kAma to saMpatti vadhAravAnuM. raskina temane paDakAryA. 'saMpatti vadhAro eTale zuM? ane te kone bhoge? kevI rIte? are, khuda 'saMpatti eTale zuM?" teNe nirbhIka rIte puchyuM ke '"havelI AgamAM baLI jAya tethI kolasA sastA thAya ja, satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 178 eTale zuM havelI bALavAno kAryakrama laI zakAya? ke koI le to te vAjabI gaNAya? ke dharatIkaMpa thayA pachI iMTo sastI thaI jAya, eTale zuM dharatIkaMpa thayo te ThIka thayuM ! cAlo dharatIkaMpa thAya tevI prArthanA karIe, evuM karAya? raskine kahyuM ke, "tamArI vyavasthA dhanotpAdana kare che, mAla sasto kare che, paNa hajAro gharone ujjaDa kare che, majUronAM jIvana bhasmIbhUta thAya che tenuM zuM? e dharatIkaMpa ke Aga nathI? ane sastuM eTale zuM?'' evo pAyAno prazna cogAnamAM mUkyo. raskine kahyuM ke mArA khissAmAMnI gInI'nI kiMmata sAmenAnA khissAmAM gInI nathI te kAraNe che. sAmAvALAnA khissAmAM - badhAnA khissAmAM gInI mUkyA pachI je sastuM thAya te sAcuM sastuM. bIjAnA abhAva, bIjAnI zaMkatA, bIjAnI garaja para je saMpattinuM utpAdana thAya che te saMpatti nathI paNa vipatti che. ane kevo avismaraNIya dAkhalo Apyo! kaeNliphorniyA pAse jahAja tUTatAM je sainikonA gajavAmAM sonuM hatuM te vahelA taLiye gayA, ema kahI raskina vIMdhI nAkhanAro prazna pUche che, '"e DUbatA hatA tyAre sonuM temanA kabajAmAM hatuM ke teo sonAnA kabajAmAM hatA?'' ane chevaTe phoDa pADIne samaDAvyuM ke, "saMpatti jevI koI sArvabhauma svAyatta vastu ja nathI, jIvana ja saMpatti che.'' jIvanano nAza kare tene saMpatti kahevI te vANIno durvyavAra che. te vakhate carcAtA bajAra kiMmata, mULa kiMmata, vAjabI kiMmata jevA prazno carcA pratipAdita karyuM, ''te ja vAjabI kiMmata che jemAM baMne pakSo sarakhI rIte zramamUlyanI levaDadevaDa kare che, bAkI to kAyadesara lUMTa che, ane tame game tevA zaNagArelA zabdomAM sajAvo, paNa lUMTa te lUMTa ja che.'' Aje pizcamanA AgaLa vadhelA dezo AvuM samAna zramamUlya ApyA vinA pachAta dezomAMthI kATo adhapAko mAla sastAmAM laI jAya che tenI sAmenI pachAta dezonI phariyAdano mULa samarthaka raskina che. AjanuM arthazAstra kAma paranA ke bekArane kAma na maLe tyAM sudhI kharIdazakti ApavI joIe to ja maMdI aTake ane maMdI AvI hoya to jaladI TaLI jAya tema mAne che. te paNa mULamAM raskinanA adalAbadalAmAM mAga ane jaththAnA moTA pAyA para nahIM paNa samAna zramamUlyano svIkAra thAya te ja siddhAMta, samayanI paribhASAmAM che. ghaNI vAra huM zrotAone kaheto ke AjanI oNkTobara- 2018 paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka

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harIphAI gAMdhIvAda ane sAmyavAda vacce nathI paNa raskina ane temaNe baeNrisTarI choDI dIdhA ane dIna-daridranArAyaNa mATe berisTarI mArksavAda vacce che. raziyAnA vilInIkaraNe raskina sAco che tema chellI ghaDI sudhI karI. gaLAbUDa kAmamAM DUbelA e DosAe a batAvyuM. dhisa lAsTano sAra-saMkSepa badhA mATe aparaMpAra jaMjALa vacce karyo. raskina arthazAstrI nathI te vAta sAcI che, paNa te arthazAstrane te ja e graMthanuM mAhAlya batAve che. paNa Akhare e sAra-saMkSepa paNa sAcA pariprekSyamAM jonAro mULagAmI vicAraka che, ane te ke saralIkaraNa che, akSarazaH anuvAda nathI. pariprekSya eTale "saMpatti che ja nahIM, 'jIvana' che, te siddhAMta che. raskinanI bhASAnuM ojasa ukaLATa temAM saheje pUruM na Utare. jIvana sAcavIne, sudhArIne, AgaLa laIne, vistArIne saMpattinuM mULano pravAha paNa ocho anubhavAya. utpAdana karavAnuM che, e daDha ghoSaNA che. bhAI cittaraMjane akSaraza: anuvAda karIne eka moTI khoTa gItAmAM zrI kRSNa vividha vidyAonI upAsanA karanArane pUrI che. A mahAna kalAvivecaka ane sAhityasvAmIno saphaLa rAjavidyA rAjagRhyayogamAM kahyuM ja che ke badhI vidyAo dAsIo anuvAda karavo e khAMDAnA khela che. che ane adhyAtmavidyA, eTale mAnavacetanAne saMkoranArI vidyA te chatAM tene utAravAno prayatna bhAre prazasya che. A durghaTa kAma rANI che, tenI badhAe AjJA mAnavAnI che. jhINavaTathI karavA mATe bhAI cittaraMjanane dhanyavAda. vidyAdhana raskine A siddhAMtane vartamAna paribhASAmAM arthotpAdana prophesara dAMtavAlAnI temane prastAvanA maLI te ja batAve che ke mATe pratipAdita karyo che. ane e ja siddhAMta Aje TaeNknaoNlaoNjI , temaNe e kAma sArI rIte karyuM che. jineTika TaeNknaoNlaoNjI, saMzodhana-vizvavyApI globala saMsthAone lAgu paDe che. C/o. zrI rAmacaMdra paMcoLI aTu dhisa lAsTanI gAMdhIjI para eTalI moTI asara thaI ke lokavidyAlaya, AMbalA (ji. bhAvanagara) eka paNa sukRtya karyuM hoya to... gAMdhIjIne huM to krAMtikAra tarIke ja oLakhato hato. AzramamAM joDAyA pachI pahelA ATha divasa meM emanI ochI UlaTatapAsa nathI calAvI. paNa meM jyAre joyuM ke jIvananAM saghaLAM aMgono temaNe paripUrNa vicAra karyo che, tyAre mAruM hRdaya, mArI buddhi, mArI kAryazakti meM emane caraNe dharI. te pachI koI divasa huM pastAyo nathI. mArA jIvanamAM meM eka paNa sukRtya karyuM hoya, to te huM gAMdhIjInI sAthe bhaLI jaI zakyo te che. "The moral influence of his personality and of his gospel and technique of nonviolence cannot be weighed in any anaterial scale. Now is its value limited to any perticular country or generation. It is his imperishable gift to humanity." -The Publication Division of India Government of India "Gandhiji faced boldly and squarely ygly realities of life and fought them by spiritual means." - cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (179

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Dynamism thriving till date - Mahatma Gandhi! Prachi Dhanvant Shah A Perennial "In a gentle way, you can shake the world" - An avowal once acclaimed by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. And he pursued his words, by shaking the world for good in his own gentle and peaceful manner! When you turn the page in history, the capitative era of Gandhi's movements and ovations would certainly not flee your glance. Not just his movements being a freedom fighter, but Gandhi's intense charisma being a great philosopher, thinker, pragmatists has indeed made him a legendary Mahatma, signifying a role model to many around the world. The word "Mahatma" is an entitle personified to someone who remains alive even after his physical demise. I would say he is a man of immortal ideas and not just his mortal cells. With his enduring perceptions and allure, he is yet alive in people's heart, memories and will thrive in souls to eternity. 180 How uncertain would you be to acclaim that Mahatma Gandhi traveled miles and cruised all around the world when I would say I am certain he did so. He traveled across the world by reaching out to people's heart through his mesmerizing appeal, persona, and acumen, and so did he visit the USA. A soul that embarks impression even after it's physical absenteeism, a soul that is animate to perpetuity. The title Mahatma was first bequeathed by Shri Rabindranath Tagore in the 17th Century and would flourish to centuries and immensity. The term "Mahatma" interprets the fact as Maha- "Great" & Atma - "Soul" which irrefutably pertain to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi, besides just being cardinal thriving in our hearts and minds, it's aura is enthralled in the form of bounteous monuments all around the USA. The most captivating fact and memorial being Gandhi Shrine sustained in the midst of Lake Shrine - a self-realization fellowship located in California, USA. This captivating and enthralling architecture was founded by Paramahansa Yogananda. Gandhi Shrine was structured in honor of Mahatma Gandhi reflecting values of Gandhi philosophy and teachings. The allure of this shrine is it sheaths a portion of Gandhi's ashes captivated in a thousand-year-old stone from China namely sarcophagus. These ashes were sent by a journalist and publisher Dr. Nawle from Pune, India to Yogananda, paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka oNkTobara- 2018 If this subjects to his mortal physical body, then the interpretation would be NO! Mahatma Gandhi never marched on the streets of USA physically but he marched and persuaded over many hearts and minds. His persona influenced many personals in the USA. Just to name a few, which you might be aware of, but not just as history reveals about the impact of Mahatma Gandhi on revolutionary Martin Luther King Jr and great American scientist Albert Einstein, but allow me to enlist few more. Dr.Holmes - who acknowledged Gandhi as 'Christ of Today', American Gandhi-Bernie Meyerwho was strongly inveigled by Gandhi's philosophy of peace and nonviolence and carried out many peace marches across the world. Dermot Butterly, who in 2008 dressed satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha like Gandhiji and marched across the USA with the motives of influencing Gandhi's inspirational persona around the USA. John Lennon a famous American musician who extolled his music swayed by Gandhiji's philosophy. The famous US Politician Bernie Sanders exclaimed once that Gandhi is a great inspiration to civil rights activities and not to forget former President of USA Barak Obama who is staunchly inspired by Gandhiji, and at the UN General Assembly in NY said, - "It's time to heed the words of Gandhi: 'Intolerance is itself a form of violence and an obstacle to the growth of a true democratic spirit." The list might go on and never end but the closure is to depict the substantiality of Gandhiji being thriving till date, Gandhiji an immortal Mahatma!

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being first ever remainings thriving outside of India. furious with distress. But he had the courage to accept Although this factual but calamitous existence of his mistake. He had the will to confess and seek Mahatma Gandhi enthralls several controversies and forgiveness from his father rather than hide the fact criticism considering Hindu cremation rituals and and lie about it. His stern decision of confession was beliefs. This being said, this paradigm is just to not overtaken by freight. He was amidst with his actualize the enchanting charisma of Mahatma Gandhi. decision of confession and hence, finally when he Mahatma Gandhi, entitled as a politician, freedom informed his father about his misconduct, to his fighter, a spiritual person, and many more which we surprise his father did not utter a single word but was all know. But along with his spiritual being and deeply just distressed with agony. His father's pain and love engraved alluring principles, he discerned mystical for his son, reflecting through his tears simply charm and allurement. Mohandas was a young man convulsed Mohandas's heart and soul. Allow me to put with an appealing personality, although he wasn't gifted asn't gifted forth hi forth his own words quoted from his autobiography: with the so-called 'natural charisma'. Neither was he a "wrote it on a slip of paper and handed to him myself. born orator, but his slik and profound words expelled In this note, not only did I confess my guilt, but I asked straight from his heart embarked people's hearts, adequate punishment for it, and closed with a request leading to a mystical admiration. to him not to punish himself for my offence. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, as a schoolboy was trembling asl handed the confession to my at some point, also landed up doing mistakes. As his father. He was ill with fistula and was confined to bed. I biography reveals, under the unexpected dreadful sat beside him. company he indeed fell out conducting amiss acts He read it through, and pearl-drops trickled down which would have never been accepted by his family his cheek, wetting the paper. For a moment he closed culture and father. You might be aware, in his path of his eyes in thought and then tore up the note. He had life, when he was a young growing schoolboy, he did sat up to read it. He again lay down. I also cried. I could get distracted and got carried away by youthhood and see my father's agony. I still vividly remember the entire it's sternness. He misconducted himself by eating scene today. meat, smoking and even stealing. But his roots of Those pearl-drops of love cleansed my heart, and culture and upbringing were so deep seeded that his washed my sin away. Only he who has experienced conscious left him with a strong guilt. Every human is such love can know what it is. This was for me an object abounded to do mistakes in life and Gandhi was no lesson in Ahimsa. When such Ahimsa becomes alldifferent than a normal human being when he was embracing, it transforms everything it touches. There young. He was a common young boy being attracted is no limit to its power. by the lust of society just like any young boy would This sort of sublime forgiveness was not natural today. But then, at this point of time in life, if your to my father. I had thought that he would be angry, say upbringing and grooming are stern enough, your harsh words and strike his forehead. But he was so conscience would not allow you to do misguided or wonderfully peaceful, and this was due to my clean awry acts. Just as Mohandas being sunk with guilt went confession. A clean confession, combined with a and confessed about his inaccurate acts to his father. promise never to commit the sin again, when offered Mohandas's mother was a strong follower of Jain before one who has the right to receive it, is the purest principles and hence nurtured her son on the same type of repentance. I know that my confession made grounds. He indeed was afraid and disturbed, believing my father feel absolutely safe about me, and increased that hearing about his amiss acts his father would get his affection for me beyond measure." oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (181

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Every word that Mohandas a young boy expelled love when you understand your beloved's soul truly here echo's his serene and tranquil soul. This episode and discern his perception. This reminds me of a quote of his life taught him the most imperative and influential my papa always use to cite to me," There are only two edification of his life. It is not always necessary that to requirements to enjoy a great relationship forever: One every erroneous action, the reaction has to be violent is to celebrate the similarities, and second is to respect or aggressive. His father's tears and agony, his father's the differences.." unconditional love and compassion for his son, Kasturba although being a strong woman of her touched his soul and heart such profoundly that he got own thoughts did cascade her soul for her life partner the accurate message of his life without being and played an integral portrayal of an ideal partner in expressed in words. It is true, that silence can be one Gandhiji's journey of life, starting from a young lawyer Gandhiii's iourney of life starting from of the best weapons of defense! to a revolutionary freedom fighter and father of the It was maybe this allure that Kasturba, the beloved nation. Despite being uneducated, she was an esteemed wife of Mahatma Gandhi contoured her soul independent woman and fought the battle of life in the and personal as per the persona of her husband face of adversity through rain or shine. I would say, if Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Just as every young Mahatma Gandhi is addressed as "father of the nation" and newly married couple, Mohandas and Kasturba and with love is entitled as Bapu (Father), there is no sailed its own waves of ups and downs. Being married dilemma to address Kasturba as "mother of the nation" at a very young age, enforced into child marriage, the and is certainly with affection is called as Ba (Mother)! tender age led to several challenges and dissensions. The dextrous, indigenous and serene identity of Although their commitment to each other was equally Mahatma Gandhi & kasturba leaves me with an stern and intense. A relationship that grew from " astounding and fascinating thought! This world and childhood, as friends, as companions, as admirers, society have its own dark and bright shades. Nothing and many nameless bonds. Kasturba's intense is perfect in one's life. A human nature is bounded to commitment towards her beloved compelled her to fall with mistakes and trip on his way when an obstacle stand by Mohandas under every circumstance. There ensues. But how wonderful it would be when you have were many disagreement and difference of opinion a hand to grab onto and get up with diligence along between Kasturba and Gandhiji, but their stern and with an affirm grit of yourself. Also, when your serene love and devotion towards each other never perception towards your religion and yourself are allowed them to swing away from their bond. And that staunch enough, when there is no vacillation about your is the charm of every relationship. "Some spice, some credences when you are decisive in reference to your sugar, add the taste to your taste buds!" Kasturba was actions with right faith, then you are promised to a thirteen-year-old young girl with her own identity to experience rainbows of happiness! Love can conquer herself, a girl with her own thoughts and visionary. Being your fears, and a heart filled with love can see beauty such, she did have her own strong point of opinions in others, Love can change everything! but she gradually accepted what were Gandhiji's philosophy and principles of life. I am sure this was "The day Power of Love over rules the love of not enforced on to her, but she accepted it profoundly Power, the world will know Peace". with her own desire. And this is what we call is love in . Mahatma Gandhi a relationship when another person's happiness 000 becomes more important to you than your own 49, wood ave, Edison, N.J. 08820. U.S.A. happiness and eventually, your beloved's happiness prachishah0809@gmail.com becomes your wish and desires. This is what is called +1-9175825643 182 ) H -sell-Hyule prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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gAMdhIjInI vaMa vRkSa lahamIdAsa (1860-1940) mohanadAsa (1869-1948) kasturabA (1869-1944) karamacaMda (1822-1885) putaLIbAI (1839-1891) raLiyAtabena (1862-1960) karasanadAsa (1866-1913) harilAla (1888-1948) gulAba rAmIbena kAMtilA gopAlakizana/ varajI sarasvatI tArA A rAmacaMdra tArA 20 trakAla rasikalAla che, lAla manubena, devadAsa (1900-1964) lakSmI mohanadAsa karamacaMda gAMdhI (1869-1948) kasturabA (1869-1944) maNilAla (1892-1956) suzIlA ja harisiMha ae sItA zazikAMta jahu zivakimI kahAnadAsa sunaMdA IlA gajAnana evA rAmadAsa (1891-1969) nirmaLa oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (183

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gAMdhIjI jIvana ane kArya : sAlavArI 1864 2jI okTo. porabaMdaramAM janma 1901-2 nezanala koMgresanI beThakamAM hAjarI, 1874-80 prAthamika zikSaNa, rAjakoTa kalakattAmAM, muMbaImAM lo oksi kholI, 1882 kastUrabA sAthe lagna paraMtu saphaLa prekTIsa vikasAvavAmAM 1885 pitA karamacaMdajInuM mRtyu, 63 varSe niSphaLa 1888 jUna pahelA putrano janma, harilAla 1902 bhAratIya samudAyanI vinaMtIthI punaH 1888 sapTe. ucca abhyAsa arthe gAMdhIjInuM laMDana da.AphrikA kuTuMba vinA prayANa prayANa 1903, phebru. jahonisabargamAM lo ophisa kholI 1888 okTo. sAuthampaTana, IgleMDa pahoMcyA 1903, jUna InDiyana opiniyanano prathama aMka 1888, 6 nave. Inara Tempala laMDanamAM gAMdhIjIno praveza pragaTa karyo 1890 jUna gAMdhIe laMDana meTrIkyulezana uttIrNa karI 1904, okTo. jahona rasikanane 'ana Tu dhIsa lAsTa'nuM 1890, 9 sapTe. laMDananA zAkAhArI maMDaLamAM kArobArI vAMcana sabhya thayA 1904, Dise. phoniksa AzramanI sthApanA 1891, 10 jUna bAramAM bolAvAyA 1906, julAI brahmacaryapAlananI pratijJA lIdhI 1891, 12 jUna bhArata mATe prayANa, muMbaI utaratAM (37 varSa) mAtAnA mRtyunA khabara 1906, 11 sapTe. eziyATika raji. bIla (kALA 1892, 14 me kAThiyAvADamAM prekTIsa karavAnI maMjUrI kAyadA)no virodha karavA jyonisabarga paNa saphaLatA nahIM khAte empAyara thiyeTara khAte satyAgrahano 1892, 28 okTo. bIjA putra maNilAlano janma AraMbha 1893, eprila dAdA abdullAnA kAnUnI salAhakAra 1906, 1 okTo. bhAratIya lokono kesa kolonIya seke. thavA dakSiNa AphrikA mATe prayANa pAse rajU karavA laMDana 1893, 26 me korTamAM pAghaDI utAravAno InkAra, 1908, 10 jAnyu. da.AphrikAmAM be mAsanI jela, paNa korTamAMthI jatA rahyA 31 mI jAnyu. e mukti 1893, 7 jUna piTara mArkatsabarga sTezane pharsTaklAsa 1908, 30 jAnyu. svaicchika raji. mATe jana.masa sAthe DabbAmAMthI pheMkI devAyA karAra karyA 1893 TaoNlasToyanuM kiDjhana opha goDa Ijha 1908, 10 phebu. mIra Alama ane anyo dvArA ghAyala vidhIna yU- nuM vAcana 1908, 16 oga. jahonisabargamAM uparyukta pramANapatronI 1893, 12 oga. da.AphrikAmAM nezanala IDiyana koMgresanI hoLI karI sthApanA 1908, 14 okTo. voksaTarTamAM dharapakaDa, traNa mAsanI 1896, jUna bhArata Agamana, da.AphrikAnA keda, 12 Dise. mukta bhAratIyonA pratinidhi tarIke sabhA 1909, 25 phebu. pharI e ja jagyAe keda traNa mAsanI saMbodhana keda, 24 mee mukta 1896, nave. kuTuMba sAthe dakSiNa AphrikA gayA 1909, 23 jUna kepa TAuna, da.AphrikAthI IgleMDa prayANa 1896, Dise. da.AphrikAnA DarabanamAM pahoMcyA 1909, 24 okTo. jemAM vIra sAvarakara paNa hAjara hatA 1897, me trIjA putra rAmadAsano janma e dazerA utsavamAM sAmela 1899, 11 okTo. boara yuddha vakhate InDiyana embulansa 1909, 13-22 nave. laMDanathI da.AphrikA prayANa, tUtaka upara korponI sthApanA 'hiMda svarAja'nuM lekhana karyuM, 'leTsa Tu 1900, me cothA putra devadAsanA janma vakhate hiMdu' e TolasToyanI pustikAno kastUrabAne sahAya anuvAda 1901,okTo. bhArata AvavA da.AphrikA choDyuM. 1910, jUna harmana kelenabeka sAthe TolasToya phArmanI (184) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018

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1911, 15 me 1912, 22 okTo. 1913, 22-23 sapTe. 1913, 11 nave. 1914, 13 jAnyu. 1914, 18 julAI 1914, 19 Dise 1915, 9 jAnyu 1915, 17 phebru. 1915, 20 2 1915, 26 na 1915, 11 sapTe. 1916, 6 phebru. 1916, 26 Dise. 1917, 10 eprila 1917, eprila 1917, 4na 1917, 7 nave. 1918, 15 mArca 1918, 18 mArca 1918, 22 mArca 1919, 24 phebru. 1919, 13 1919, 7 sapTe. 1919, 8 okTo. oNkTobara- 2018 sthApanA, dUdhano tyAga hiralAla sAthe matabheda kepaTAuna khAte gokhalenuM Agamana, e pravAsamAM gAMdhIno sAtha kasturabAne sakhata kedanI sajA nava mAsanI keda, tenI polAka ane harmAna kelenabAka sAthe 1920, 1 oga. 1921, 31 julAI 1921, 22 sapTe. 1921, 17 nave. ja. smaTasa sAthe saMtalasa, satyAgraha 1921, 24 Dise. paDato mUkAyo sA. AphrikA choDI IMgleMDa pravAsa laMDanathI bhArata tarapha prayANa muMbaI Agamana baMgALamAM TAgoranA zAMtiniketananI 1922, 21 mArca mulAkAte 1923, 26 nave. kocarala Azrama, amadAvAdanI aMdara sthApanA kesare hinda nAmano evorDa maLyo satyAgraha AzramamAM prathama harijana parivArano praveza banArasa hiMdu yani.nA udghATanamAM lorDa hArDinja, enI besanTa lakhanau I.neza. koMgresamAM hAjarI, neharu sAthe prathama mulAkAta gaLInA kheDUtonI sthiti jANayA biAra - paTaNAmAM caMpAcamAM gaNI satyAgraha karyo amadAvAdamAM sAbaramatI AzramanI sthApanA mahAdeva desAI rahasyamaMtrI tarIke tuM pravA amadAvAdamAM mila mAliko - majUra vacceno vivAda ukelavA upavAsa traNa divasamAM samAdhAna thatAM upavAsa choDyA niDayAdamAM pa kheDUtone jamIna 1922, 29 jAnyu. 1922, 4 phebru. 1922, 20 mArca 1924, 12 jAnyu. 1924, 17 sapTe 1925 1921, 7 nave. 1925, 3 Dise. 1929, 3 phebru. 1928, Dise. 1929, 31 okTo. 1929, 27-31 Dise. lAhora khAtenA koMgresa adhi. pUrNa svarAjanI mAMgaNI bhArata svAtaMtryanI copA dAMDIkUca dAMDInA dariyAkinAre mIThAno kAnUna toDyo 1930, 26 jAnyu 1930, 12 mArca 1930, 6 eprila kaisarahiMda evorDa parata karyo, asahakAra AMdolanano AraMbha muMbaImAM videzI kApaDanI hoLImAM pramukhapada sAdAI mATe khAdI dhAraNa karI koMcI daMgalo sAme muMbaImAM pAMca divasanA upavAsa savinaya kAnUnabhaMga bAraDolI satyAgraha caurIcaurAmAM keMgalo yaMga InDiyA'mAM pragaTa thayelA sAbaramatImAM kaida pUnAnI yaravaDA jelamAM sthaLAMtara dakSiNa AphrikAnA satyAgrahano itihAsa e jelamAM lakhyo epenDIksa oparezana thayuM dilhImAM komI saMvAda mATe 21 divasa upavAsa kAnapura khAte koMgresa sezanamAM eka varSano rAjakIya saMnyAsa meDelIna sleDa mIrAbena AzramamAM joDAyA yaMga InDiyAmAM satyanA prayogonAM prakaraNono AraMbha sAyamana kamizanano boyakoTa kalakattAnA koMgresa adhivezanamAM eka varSamAM svataMtratAnI mAMga laMDana khAte rAunDa Tebala konpha.nI lorDa IravInanI jAherAta kare na bharavA salAha 1938, 5 me roleTa ekTa sAme satyAgraha eprila jaliyAvAlA bAganI durghaTanAthI 1931, 5 mArca amadAvAdamAM traNa upavAsa 'navAvana'no prathama aMka pragaTa 'yaMga InDiyA'no prathama aMka pragaTa 1931, 7 sapTe. prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka dharapakaDa ane yaravaDA jela, 26 jAnyuArI, 31mAM mukti ApI gAMdhI-havana karAra thayA. savinaya kAnunabhaMga samApta bIjI goLamejI pariSada, kiMgsTI haoNla, aneko yunivarsiTI mulAkAta satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 185

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1931, 5 nave. 1931, 6 Dise. 1931, 14 Dise. 1932, 1 jAnyu. 1932, 4 jAnyu. 1932, 18 ogaSTa 1932, 20 sapTe. 1932, 26 sapTe 1933, 8 me 1933, 16 na 1933, 1 oga. 1933, 7 nave. 1933 1934, 25 jUna 1934, 17 sapTe. 1935, Dise. 1936, 1 1936, nave. 1939, 2 phebru. 1939, 3 mArca 1939, 23 julAI 1940, 11 okTo. 1942 1942, 15 jAnyu. 1942, 8 ogaSTa 186 bIjI goLamejI pariSada, bakiMgahAma 1946, 9 ogaSTa pelesamAM svitjharaleMDamAM romAM rolAnI mulAkAta 1942, 15 ogaSTa 12 Dise. roga khAte musolInanI mulAkAta, ITAlInI mulAkAta savinaya asahArano koMgresa kamiTI dvArA svIkAra 1943, 10 phebru. 19:44, 22 phebru. muMbaImAM dharapakaDa, yaravaDAmAM keda, saradAra paNa keda rAmase mekaDonAlDane kamyUnala evorDa sAme AmaraNAMta upavAsa aspRzyo mATe alaga matakSetra sAme AmaraNAMta upavAsa punA karAra svIkAra pachI TAgoranI hAjarImAM upavAsa choDyA svazuddhi mATe jelamAM upavAsa nAnA putra devadAsanuM lakSmI rAjagopAlAcArI sAthe lagna yaravaDAmAM eka varSanI jela, upavAsano AraMbha, aspRzyatA sAme rASTrIya stare harijana yAtrAnI jAherAta be varSamAM cha vakhata kasturabAne keda punAmAM gAMdhInI kAra para hiMdu dvArA bomba pheMkAyo koMgresamAMthI nivRtti varSA khAte kuTuMbaniyojana tajajJa mArgAreTa mere lIdhelI mulAkAta moTA putra harilAlano dharma svIkAra rijano mATe trAvaNakora maMdirano praveza khullo thayo kastUrabAnI rAjakoTamAM dharapakaDa vacanabhaMga thatAM rAjakoTamAM upavAsanI jAherAta, maurIsa gvAyara saMvAda hiTalarane patra lakhyo. prathama vizvayuddha vize mata ApavA sAmenA pratibaMdha kAnUnabhaMga navI dilhImAM sara sTephorDa krIpsane maLyA. potAnA vArasadAra tarIke ja. naherunI sevAgrAma khAte jAherAta 'hiMda choDo' caLavaLano TharAva, kareMge yA mareMge' sUtranI ghoSaNA satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 1945, 14 jUna 1945, 15 jUna 1946, 23 mArca 1946, 25 jUna karAvato svIkAra 1946, 4 julAI niyukti karI 1946, ogaSTa 1946, 2 sapTe. 1946, 10 okTo. 1946, 15 okyuM 1946, 6 nave. 1947, 2 jUna 1947, 13 ogaSTa 1947, 1 sapTe. 1947, 9 sapTe. 1948, 12 jAnyu. 1948, 20 jAnyu . 1948, 30 jAnyu. 1948, 31 jAnyu. muMbaImAM kastUrabA sAthe dharapakaDa, AgAkhAna mahelamAM keda mahAdeva desAInuM avasAna, tyAM ja samAdhi apAI vAyasaroya ane netA vaccenI maMtraNA sthira thatAM 21 upavAsa kastUrabAnuM avasAna, AgAkhAna jelamAM aMtima kriyA maMtraNA mATe lorDa vevelsanuM nimaMtraNa ehamadanagara jelamAMthI ko.va.ka.nA lokonI mukti traNa briTIza membara DelIgezana dilhI AvyuM ko.va.ka. konsTITyuanTa esemblI lorDavevalse vacagALAnI sarakAranI kalakattAmAM komI ramakhANo neharunA netRtva heThaLa vacagALAnI 12 sabhyonI sarakAranI racanA baMgALanA nauAkhalImAM komI ramakhANo. vacagALAnI sarakAramAM muslima lIganA sabhyo joDAyA nauAkhalI gayA, 2 jAnyu. e khullA page padayAtrA karI koMgresano dezanA vibhAjana nirNayano virodha zAhIda suharAva di sAthe kalakattAmAM kalakattAmAM daMgalo sAme AmaraNAMta upavAsa, 4 sapTe. choDyA dilhI pahoMcI nirvAsitonI mulAkAta, hullaDa hatyA aTakAvavA nivedana pAMca divasanA upavAsa dilhImAM komI zAMti mATe prArthanAsabhAmAM bomba pheMkAyo biralA hAusamAM goDase dvArA hatyA, 78 varSa mRtyu rAmadAsa dvArA yamunA kAMThe agnisaMskAra apAyo. prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka pun oNkTobara- 2018

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jaina vizvakoza : 3 ane 4nA vimocana prasaMge zrutajJAnanA mahAsAgaranAM motI kumArapALa desAI tame jANo cho ke, jaina dharmamAM paNa mahAbhArata ane rAmAyaNa che? jemAM rAma ane kRSNa jevAM pAtro maLe che, mAtra kathAnA vaLAMko bhinna bhinna che. tame jANo cho koI strIne dharmamAM sarvazreSTha pada arthAta IzvaranuM sthAna apAyuM hoya, to te jaina dharmanA zvetAMbara saMpradAyamAM thayelA tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mallinAtha ane mallIkumArI hatAM. rASTrIya zAyara'nuM biruda meLavanArA jhaveracaMda meghANI bALapaNamAM jaina pAThazALAmAM dhArmika utsavo ane gIto rajU karatA hatA. bahu ochAne jANa haze ke jaina graMthabhaMDAromAM mAtra jaina hastaprato ane graMtho nahIM, balke hiMdu dharmanA rAmAyaNa, bhagavadgItA jevA mahattvanA graMtho paNa sacavAyelA che. jana dharmanI AgavI lagnavidhi che, jemAM judA prakAranA maMtra ane vidhi maLe che. jaina dharmanA upavAsa aMge vaijJAnika dhoraNe saMzodhana karAyuM che ane noMdhAyuM che ke te mAnasika, zArIrika ane hArmonala baeNlensa mATe lAbhadAyI che. amerikA, kaeNneDA ane briTanamAM to aneka jaina senTaro che, paraMtu dAresalAma, nyu jhilaeNnDa, cikA (keniyA), siMgApora, yugAnDA jevA dezomAM jaina senTaro AvelAM che. bhagavAna mahAvIranA samayamAM gaNataMtra hatuM ane jaina dharmamAM AgavuM gaNataMtra che ane jaina peDhIomAM AgavI saMghabhAvanA jovA maLe che. zahenazAha akabare jainone jIvAnakhAnA dharAvatA loko' tarIke oLakhAvyA hatA. A jIvAtakhAnA eTale evI jagAe ThaMDaka rahetI hoya tevA oraDAmAM sAvaraNIthI vALatAM ke loTa cALatAM rahelAM jaMtuone mUkavAmAM AvatA hatA, je zAMtithI potAnuM jIvana pasAra karI zake. : AvI keTalIya viziSTa vigato sAthe Aje rASTrasaMta pUjyazrI namramunijInA janmotsave jai vizvakoza (bhAga H 3-4)nuM udghATana thaI rahyuM che, tyAre e vizvakozanI keTalIka khUbIo jANavAnuM sAhajika rIte mana thAya. A graMthomAM caMdra vizenA anekavidha lekho che, jemAM jaina graMthomAM AvatI caMdranI kaLA, caMdranuM tApakSetra, caMdranakSatra yoga ane caMdra parivezanI vAta karI che. e ja rIte jaina dharmanuM AgavuM jyotiSazAstra che, jeno saMbaMdha mukhyataH jyotiSI devonI gati para che. jene vize meksa heinDala ane bIjA pazcimI vidvAnoe UMDo abhyAsa karyo che ane A jyotizAstrane khagoLazAstra sAthe gADha saMbaMdha che. emAM mAtra nava ke bAra graho oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI nathI, paraMtu pratyeka caMdra ane sUrya dITha 88 graho batAvyA che. to bIjI bAju jinAlayanA nirmANa mATe jamIna meLavavAthI mAMDIne pratiSThA sudhInA dareka kAryasaMbaMdhI muhUrtonuM atyaMta sUkSmatAthI nirupaNa karyuM che. emAM sAmudrikazAstra ane hastarekhAzAstranA graMtho paNa prApta thAya che. jema jyotiSazAstrano vicAra karavAmAM Ave che, e ja rIte chaMdazAstranI paNa carcA jaina vizvakozamAM maLe che, jemAM jaina dharmamAM maLatA chaMdazAstranA aneka graMthonI vistRta carcA karavAmAM AvI che. jaina dharmanuM jIvabhautikazAna e enI eka viziSTa bAbata che ane enI sAthe jIvavicAra ane jIvavijJAna vize AmAM chaNAvaTa karavAmAM AvI che. jaina dharmanA prAraMbhathI mAMDIne Aja sudhIno itihAsa AlekhavAmAM Avyo che, to jaina dharmanA vividha saMpradAyo ane e saMpradAyo vacce kaI kaI bAbatomAM sAmya-bheda pravarte che tenI vAta karI che. jaina dharmamAM dIkSAnuM atyaMta mahattva che. gRhasthanA jIvananuM aMtima e vairAgyane mAnavAmAM Ave che. A dIkSA vize AgamagraMtho zuM kahe che tenuM ahIM vistRta varNana ApavAmAM AvyuM che. savizeSa to 19mA tIrthaMkara mallinAtha prabhunA jIvana caritramAMthI maLatI emanI dIkSAvidhinuM vistRta varNana A graMthane eka navI garimA Ape che, to evI ja rIte sthAnakavAsI saMpradAya, zvetAmbara saMpradAya, digaMbara saMpradAyamAM kevI dIkSAvidhi che tenI carcA karI che. to cheka zramaNa jai saMskRtithI zarU thayelI ai citrakalAno samagra itihAsa AlekhavAmAM Avyo che. emAM kaSTapIo tathA tADapatrIya hastalikhitomAM maLatI jaina zailInA vAta karavA che. A zailImAM mAnava AkRtinuM namaNuM nAka, caherA bahAra AvatI paralI AMkha ane lAla raMganI pArzvabhUmi jovA maLe che. enI kASTakalA anupama che, to enI tAMtrika paTo, vijJapti patro vagereno Agavo mahimA che. AmAM anekavidha kathAnako paNa maLe che ane rAsaphAgu jevI sAhityika kRtionI mAhitI paNa maLe che. eka evI dhAraNa che ke svAtaMtrya AMdolanamAM jaina samAjano bahu ocho phALo hato, tyAre A svAtaMtratAnA AMdolana samaye bhAga lenAra judA judA svAtaMtrasenAnIonAM caritro ahIM rajU karyAM che. caMdrasena jaina 'netAjI' ke caMdrabhUSaNa bAnAIta jevA svAtaMtrasenAnI vize keTalA loko jANe che ? to mahilA lekhikA, ciMtaka ane samAjasevikA caMdAbAI goyelanI sthApelo vanitAvizrAma joIne mahAtmA gAMdhIjI atyaMta prasanna thayA hatA. A graMthamAM judA judA dezomAM cAlatA jai senTaronI sAthosAtha e dezomAM vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 187

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jainoe ekatrita thaIne sthApelI jainA', 'varlDa jaina orgenAIjhezana caritro paNa gUMthI levAmAM AvyAM che, to dharmanI kriyAo batAvanArI jevI saMsthAonI vizeSatA darzAvavAmAM AvI che. AmAM jaina paribhASAo paNa samajAvI che. Aje prakAzita thaI rahelA 'jaina darzananI vizeSatAo darzAvatA lekhamAM enA tamAma pAsAMone vizvakoza' nA trIjA khaMDamAM 274 jeTalA judA judA viSayo para AvarI laIne carcA karavAmAM AvI che, to enI sAthosAtha jaina tajjJoe lakhelAM lakhANo che. eMsIthI vadhu lekhakoe Ane mATe dharma ane vedAMta-darzanano tulanAtmaka abhyAsa potAnI kalama calAvI che ane ArTa pepara para phora kalaranAM 164 paNa rajU thayo che ane e ja rIte jaina dharma ane bauddha dharmA citrothI A graMtha suzobhita che, to enA cothA graMthamAM 286 sAmyabhedanI chaNAvaTa karavAmAM AvI che. jeTalA lekho che. videzamAM AvelAM jaina maMdironI hUbahU tasavIro keTalAka AgavA viSayo para ahIM vidvAnonuM ciMtana pragaTa thayuM che ane AmAM 70 jeTalA lekhakoe yogadAna ApyuM che tathA phora che. jaina dharma ane adhyAtma para ahIM vistRta vicAraNA maLe che kalara prinTiMga sAthe ArTa kalaramAM 200 citro prakaTa karavAmAM to e ja rIte tabIbI vijJAna ane jai dharmanI carcA karI che. to AvyAM che. vaLI sAmAjika samAnatA ja nahIM paNa Atmika samAnatAnI A rIte "jaina vizvakoza'no A zrutayajJa pahelA ane bIjA bhUmikA para racAyelI jaina rAjyavyavasthAnI carcA karI che ane bhAganA prakAzana pachI trIjA ane cothA graMthathI eka DagaluM AgaLa savizeSa to emAM gaNataMtranI vyavasthAmAM AtmAnuzAsananI sthApanA vadhI rahyo che. para mUkAyelo bhAra vartamAna samaye paNa vicAraNIya che. jaina dharmanI samagra vizvakoza graMthazreNInuM saMpAdana kArya padmazrI DaoN. kumArapALa paribhASAonI samaja ApavAmAM AvI che to kannaDa sAhityamAM desAI ane zrI guNavaMta baravALiyAe karela che. paMdaraso rUpiyAnI maLatA jaina lekhakono paricaya Alekhyo che. to videzamAM rahIne kIMmatano A graMtha vimocana prasaMge mAtra rUpiyA basomAM upalabdha AgavI pratibhA dAkhavanArA caMdrakAnta bI. mahetA, caMdu zAha, DaoN. che. jaina vizvakoza bhAga-3 ane 4nA seTanI kIMmata rUpiyA cAraso kIrtibhAI zAha, dIpaka jaina jevA mahAnubhAvoe karelAM kAryonI raheze. graMtha kolakAtA, amadAvAda, rAjakoTa, cennaI, beMgalora, vigata maLe che. vaDodarA, ghATakopara ane kAMdivalIthI maLI zakaze. Ama, jaina dharmanA ekaso jeTalA viSayono samAviSTa karato A 'jaina vizvakoza' e eka arthamAM jaina saMskRtinA AkAzane mo : 9820215542 darzAve che. jemAM jJAnIpuruSo, dAnezvarIo ane samAjasevakonAM 8200462420 E.R.M Eat, Right Movement saMvedanazIla vyaktio dvArA calAvAtI halacala, ApaNane khorAka viSe sabhAna kare che. AhAramAM mIThuM ane khAMDanuM pramANa jALavatAM zIkhave che. ne jA vadhaghaTa zarIrane dUSita kare che. kakaDIne bhUkha lAgyA pachI levAto, pramANasara khorAka zakti utpanna karI zake. vAraMvAra bhUkha lAgyA vagara khAvAthI nukazAna thAya. eka garIba vAsI roTalAno TUkaDo, cAvI-cAvIne khAI rahyo' to, tene jonAre kahyuM, 'sAtha meM namaka to le!' pelAe kahyuM, 'mAna rakhkhA hai!' roTalAnAM TUkaThAmAM ja eTalI badhI mIThAza bharelI hatI ke bahAranAM mIThAnI jarUra ja nA paDe! sAthe ApaNe sau vadhu pramANamAM mIThuM (salt) and sugar letAM hovAthI zarIramAM aneka prakAranAM rogane anAyAsa ja praveza maLato rahe che. tenAM tarapha jAgRti (Awareness) lAvavA mATe prastuta movement zarU thaI gaI che. E.R.M vadhu khAvAthI vadhu zakti maLe, evA bhramamAM ApaNe sau rAcIe chIe. pariNAme kabajiyAta konsIpezana' thAya che. sAcI bhUkha nA lAgavA chatAM, samaya sAMcavavA khavAtuM rahe che. temAMtI nathI maLatI zakti ke skUrti. jamatI vakhate zAMti ane ekAgratA hovI joIe. je kaMI khavAya temAM dhyAna hovuM joIe mobAIla para vAto karatAM kara tAM nA khavAya! hAlatAM-cAlatAM nA khavAya. annanuM mApa jaLavAnuM joIe tene ArogyazAstra devatAnI ja upamA ApI che. tenI kadara karatAM zIkhIe, to ye ghaNuM . harajIvana thAnakI, porabaMdara 188 (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018

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(micchAmi dukkaDam) 'kSamA vIrasya bhUSaNam' zazikAMta la. vaidha vizvano koI evo dharma nathI je ahiMsAno svIkAra na thayuM hoya to tamArI kSamA mAMgu chuM. AnI asara pelA bhAI para evI paDI ke e mArA mitrane tyAM AvIne emaNe kSamA mAgI. manamAMthI dhi choDI, azAMta mane have zAMta thayuM. 'gItA' paNa kahe che azAMta manamAM sukha hoya ja nahi. jaina dharmano A mahAmaMtra snehanI parAkASThA sUcave che.' kare. jaina dharmano prANa siddhAMta che H 'ahiMsA paramo dharma' savArathI sAMja sudhI ApaNe jANe ajANe ApaNA vartanathI koIne kaThora vANImAM kaMI kahIe chIe jenAthI sAmI vyaktine duHkha thAya che. AvuM ApaNuM vartana dharmayukta nathI - A paNa pApa ja che. TUMkamAM mana, vacana ane karma dvArA koIne dubhAvavuM joIe nahi. manathI paNa koInA pratye kharAba vicAravuM te paNa dharmanI dRSTie pApa ja che. koIne ApaNe vacana ApIe ane tenuM pAlana na karIe te paNa barAbara nathI. TUMkamAM ApaNI vANI madhura ane sahaja hovI joIe. are jaina dharmamAM to zramaNane evI AjJA karavAmAM AvI che ke jyAM sudhI tArI bhUlanI 'kSamA' na mAge tyAM sudhI thUMka paNa na gaLAya. koI vyakti tamane vAraMvAra duHkha Ape tenA tarapha paNa sneha rAkhavo. Isu kahetA ke koI eka gAla para tane ghola mAre tyAre huM bIjo gAla paNa dharajo. A kevuM? ApaNA jevA- sAmAnya mANasane A gaLe utare nahi. paNa dharma AvuM kahe che. Ane premayukta vartana kahevAya jenI asara sAmI vyakti para sArI paDe che. jo tame khUba nikhAlasa ho to. TUMkamAM ApaNI bhUlanI ApaNe kSamA yAcanA mAgavI joIe. kSamAno eka artha che nigraMtha thavuM eTale ke - graMthi choDavI. Aje ApaNe AvI gaNI gAMTho graMthio manamAM rAkhIe chIe - je yogya nathI. jaina dharma kahe che kSamA sahaja hovI joIe. manamAMthI sAmI vyakti pratye saheja paNa abhAvo na rahevo joIe. badhuM bhUlI-jaIne khUba prema pUrvaka kahevuM ke 'mane kSamA karo' Ano paDagho kharekhara sAro paDaze. sAmI vyaktine tamArA sArA vartana mATe mAna upajaze. prabhu paNa rA raheze. AmAM tamAruM ane sAmI vyaktinuM kalyANa che. Ane jainadharmamAM 'micchAmi dukkaDam' kahe che. jaina dharmanA parvomAM zreSTha parva te parvAdhirAja paryuSaNa parva che. A kSamApanAno pavitra divasa gaNAya che. A saMdarbhamAM mane eka prasaMga yAda Ave che. mArA eka mitra jaina che. emanAM dharmapatnIno jainadharmanA siddhAMta pramANe jIvana jIvI rahyAM che. khUba premALa... paNa emanA paDozI svabhAve barAbara nahIM. ghaNIvAra khUba najIvI vAte jhaghaDI paDe ane krodhamAM kaMIka na bolavAnuM bolI jAya. ATaluM badhuM thAya to paNa mArA mitra ke emanAM patnI khUba zAMti rAkhe. pachI to emaNe sAmI vyaktine kahyuM : 'bhAI, ApaNe to paDozI chIe. jo tamane mArAthI du:kha oNkTobara- 2018 'micchAmI dukkaDammI' - madhura sugaMdha che - je bIjAnA dila sudhI asara kare che. pavitra paryuSaNanA aMtima divasa eTale kSamApana parva. A divasa khUba pavitra gaNAya che kAraNa ke A divase zradhALu jaina bhakto potAnI kSatine svIkarI ane bIjAnI bhUlone mApha karavAno mUlyavAna prasaMga aMtarane paramazaktino anubhava karAve che. kahe che duniyAne maLelI jaina dharmanI A adbhuta bheTa che. hindu dharmanuM paNa eka mUlyavAna sUtra che je kaMIka AvuM satya rajU kare che - je zAzvata che. 'kSamA vIrasya bhUSaNam' - kSamA e vIranuM bhUSaNa che, zobhA che. hindu dharmamAM koI pUjA vidhinA aMte eka zloka bolAya che jeno bhAva paNa Avo ja che. 'AvAhanuM na jAnAmi na jAnAmi tava arcanam, pUjA caiva na jAnAmi, kSamyatAM paramezvara' A maMtra kSamA maMtra che, je raTavAthI hRdaya pavitra bane che. aMgrejA paNa koI bhUla mATe Iam sorry' kahe che je emanI sabhyAtAno bhAga che. aMte eka mahAtmA dharmapravartakanI divya vANI ahIM rajU karuM che. 'je zabdo mUlyavAna che. jaitane anyAya kare tene tuM kSamA Apaje.' je tane potAnAthI vikhUTo kare tenI sAthe meLa karaje. je tAro pratye bUrAI kare tenA pratye tuM bhalAI karaje ane haMmezAM satya bola je, pachI mane tArI virUddha jatuM hoya! A pavitra zabdo koNe uccAryA haze? mahAvIra prabhue, bhagavAna buddhe, Isue, jarathoste, mahaMmada sAhebe ke mahAtmA gAMdhIe, tameja zodho. ahIM jANe 'micchAmi dukaDam'nI pavitra maMtranI madhura suvAsano anubhava thAya che. aMte saune mAruM 'micchAmi dukkaDam' mahAvIra prabhune mArA lAkha lAkha praNAma. prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka unn 51, 'zilAlekha' DuplekSa, aruNodaya sarkala pAse, alakApurI-vaDodarA - 39007 satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 189

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paMthe paMthe pAtheya DaoN. amritA paTela eka anokhuM vyaktitva zrI mohanabhAI paTela ApaNA dezamAM keTalA badhA saMniSTha vyaktivizeSoe bhAratanA pariNAme, temanI A sevAonI kadara paNa thavA mAMDI. uddhAra ane pragatimAM pradAna karyuM che! sAmAnya rIte thaI raheluM A 2008mAM bhArata sarakAre emane 'padmabhUSaNa' thI navAjyAM. 'Dr. kArya, enI AMkaDAomAM mulavaNI karavI bahu muzkela hoya che. Norman Borlaug Award' paNa emane enAyata thayo. paNa, bena amitA paTelanuM kAma uDIne AMkhe vaLage tevuM AkarSaka emaNe grAmyajIvana, gAmanA lokonI taMdurastI, vAtAvaraNa, rahyuM che. prANIonI jALavaNI, emanI utpAdakatA vadhAravAnI dizAmAM je badhAja viSayo jemAM emaNe pote sevAo ApI. potAno kaMI kAma karyuM te ajoDa, bemisAla che. samaya ane buddhipratibhA nyocchAvara karIne, jAhera hitanAM kAmone ane te benane Aje 75 varSa thatAM emanA 'amRta mahotsava' saphaLatApUrvaka supere pAra pADyAM. nezanala DerInI vAta hoya, ujavAya che. hakIkatamAM, A amitAno sevArUpI amRta AkhA kRSikarmA samAjanA loko, sAmAnya prajA joDenA vyavahAra ane deza mATe, ApaNA sau mATe utsavano viSaya che. gAyo, bheMso vigere... prANIonI dekhabhALa karavI te vyavahAra mArI draSTie dharmaja gAmanA sapUta sad. zrI hIrubhAI paTela khUba ja adharo che. ane temanI putrI bena amitA pitRRNa cUkavI rahI che. pote zaherIvikAsanA kAmo karatAM paryAvaraNa ke garIbI nivAraNa kAma karyuM eTaluM ja nahi. paNa, samAjane je rAhabarI ApI ane ane gAmanA lokonuM jIvanadhoraNa sudhAravAnA viSayo ane te paNa mArgadarzana ApyuM ane temanI pAchaLa keTalAya hajAro navayuvAna - lokazAhInI Dhabe sthapAyelI ane calAvatI jAhera saMsthAo mAraphate yuvatIone eka keDI cIMdhI. AvA ja vyaktivizeSo ane mahAjanonA karavuM koI saheluM kAma nathI. amitAbene A kAma pAra pADyuM che. paMthe samAja cAlato hoya che. kAraNa ke, 'Operation Flood', ApaNA dezamAM eka moTo rASTrIya kAryakrama yad yadA carati zreSThastattadevetaro janaH / yojAyo. amitAbena paTelanI preraNA, saphaLatAmAM temaNe Apale yatpramANaM kurute lokstdnuvrtte|| samaya ane sakhata parizrama kAma karI gayAM. hIrUbhAI A prasaMge huM khUba sanmAnapUrvaka yAda karuM chuM. bena jamInanI utpAdanakSamatA vadhAravI ane te paNa sAmAjIka amitAne praNAma ane dharmaja gAmane abhinaMdana ApuM chuM. sahakAra, taLapadA loko joDe kAma pAra pADavAnA prasaMgo, kazuMja amitAbena karatAM sArA jevAM varaso umaramAM moTo chuM. eTale, emAM sIdhuM ke hAthavaguM na hoya. temAM saphaLatA meLavI. ane enAM bIjI koI lAyakAta nahi paNa, e dAve temane mArA AzIrvAda ke, pariNAma, ApaNe bhAratabharamAM joI zakIe chIe. jIvema zaradaH zatam / jo ke ghaNuM badhuM karavAnuM bAkI che. amitAbenanI rAhabarI pazyema zaradaH zatam / heThaLa, jarUra pAyo to majabUta nakhAyo che. tevIja rIte, jaMgalo zruNvema zaradaH zatam / sAcavavAM ane vikasAvavAM. sAmAnyataH loko rAjIkhuzIthI doDI doDIne karavA jAya tevAM kAma nathI. chatAM, temaNe mAthe lIdhuM ane | zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha eDresa lIsTa apaDeTa grAmya vastInuM jIvanadhoraNa kema UMcu Ave te dizAmAM potAnI sevAo ApI. amitAbenamAM guNa ane saMskAra to kheDUtanA ja karI rahyA hovAthI, vAcakone vinaMtI che ke ApanuM hoya. emanA DIenaemAM hatuM te sAcavyuM ane vikasAvyuM ane nAma, naMbara, ane grAhaka naMbara amane jANa teno sadupayoga karI AkhA dezanI khUba moTI sevA karI. karazo. jethI ame ApanA saMparkamAM AvI e ja dizAmAM emano abhyAsa. veTaranarI - prANIzAstramAM zakIe. Apa amane amArA navA mobAIla para nipuNatA meLavI ane kAme lagADI. bhAratanI eka ziramora meseja athavA phona karIne tamArI vigata jANa saMsthA "nezanala DerI DevalopamenTa borDa'' enI lagabhaga AjIvana karI zako cho. saMbhALa lIdhI, eka pachI eka A saMsthAmAM javAbadArIo letAM mo. naM. 9137727109 gayAM ane saMsthAne saphaLatAnA Toce pahoMcADI. (190) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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gati, pragati-adhogati naTavara desAI 21mI sadIno yuga gatino che. jIvananA dareka kSetramAM gati kAraNe lAkho karoDo mANasone nesta nAbUda kare to te samAjanI mahattvano bhAga bhajave che ane tenI mahattA AjanA yugamAM adhogati kahevAya. DokTaro oparezanamAM charI vApare che te charIno vizeSa che. gokaLa gAyanI gati karatAM haraNaphALanI kiMmata vadhAre yogya upayoga kahevAya jethI karI daradIne rAhata thAya, paraMtu te ja che e pragati mATe gati khUba jarUrI che. ALasa ane pramAda karatAM charIthI koInuM khUna karavAmAM Ave to tene pragati nahI adhogati zArIrika jAgRti ane caMcaLatA e AjanA yuganA bahu jarUrI kahevAya. samAjamAM AvA eka dAkhalAo che ke jemAM vastuno guNo che. A bAbata dhyAnamAM rAkhI judA judA kSetramAM pahelA upayoga khoTI rIte thayo hoya ane te atyAranA yugamAM vizeSa karatAM khUba vizeSa gati thaI rahela che ane te kAraNe aneka jAtanI jovA maLe che. samAja pragati karI rahela che ke adhogatine mArge navI zodhakhoLo thaI che ane tene kAraNe samAjanA dareka kSetramAM che te AvA dAkhalAo uparathI ApaNe samajI zakIe. evI pragati paNa thaI rahela che jeno lAbha samAjane maLI rahela che aneka bAbato che ke je samajyA sivAya te svIkArIne te meLavavA eTale koIpaNa kAma tvarAthI thAya ane temAM gati hoya to tenI vyakti pravRtta thAya che, paraMtu te je meLave che tethI tenI adhogati prApti jaladI thaI zake. thAya che. jIvananAM ghaNAkharA kSetromAM A jovA maLe che. muMbaIthI dilhI pahelAMnA vakhatamAM 36 kalAka thatAM have temAM mANasa pote svataMtra rIte vicArato ane Acarato hoya che, gatine kAraNe traNa kalAkamAM dilhI pahoMcI zakAya che. evI aneka paraMtu svataMtratAne badale temAM svacchaMdatA jovA maLe che. zuM zreya che bAbato che ke je samayanI kiMmatanA kAraNe tenuM mahattva samajI khUba ane zuM preya che te bannenI vacce pasaMdagI karavAnI hoya che. ochA samayamAM dhyeya prApta karavuM hoya to temAM gati mukhya aMga che. sAmAnya rIte mANasane je game che te ja karato hoya che ane je tene A bAbata ApaNe sau anubhavI rahela chIe ane e pramANe mATe zreyaskara hotuM nathI. AvI paristhitimAM potAne game che samaya bace te mATe ApaNe ApaNAM dareka kAryo jhaDapathI karavAnI eTale nahIM paraMtu je karavAthI bhalu thavAnuM hoya tevuM kare to tene koziza karIe chIe. tenI pragati karI kahevAya ane te pramANe na kare to tenI adhogati gatinuM mahattva khUba che ane te jIvanamAM jarUrI paNa che, thAya. paraMtu yogya dizAmAM gati thAya to tenuM pariNAma pragatimAM Ave AvI paristhitI AjanA samAjamAM aneka jagyAe thaI paraMtu gati jo ayogya dizAmAM thAya ane muMbaIthI dilhI javA rahela che ane tenuM pariNAma samAjane bhogavavuM paDe che. amuka mATe uttaramAM gati thavI joIe, paraMtu tene badale gati jo dakSiNa varga evo che ke kSaNika sukha mATe potAno zAzvata AnaMda khoI dizAmAM thAya to dilhIne badale madrAsa pahoMcI javAya. A bAbatamAM nAkhe che. gati hovAM chatAM pragati kahevAya nahIM, kAraNa ayogya dizAmAM A bAbatamAM mukhya vAta gati zarU karatI vakhate vicAravAnI gati karela che. mANasa pote apekSAothI gherAyelo hoya che ane che ke te sAcI dizAmAM thaI rahela che ke ayogya dizAmAM thaI rahela tene aneka saphaLatA meLavavAnI hoMza hoya che ane tene mATe te che. jo gati yogya dizAmAM haze to pragati thaze ane gati jo haMmezA doDato rahe che. A doDavAnuM jo sAcI dizAmAM hoya to tene ayogya dizAmAM haze to tenI adhogati thaze, A vAta barAbara vahelI moDI saphaLatA maLe, paraMtu jo te ayogya dizAmAM AgaLa samajI levI joIe. pragati ke adhogati tamArI pravRttinI dizA vadhe to tene potAnuM dhyeya prApta karavAmAM niSphaLatA maLe. para AdhAra rAkhe che jene kAraNe gati karatI vakhate manuSyae gati karatI vakhate vyaktie samajavuM joIe ke A gatine vicArIne pagalA bharavA joIe. A bAbatamAM sAmAnya rIte zuM kAraNe huM kayA jaI rahyo chuM. dekhAdekhI kAraNe paNa gati thatI hoya sAruM ane zuM kharAba te jANI levuM joIe. che ane jIvananA aneka kSetramAM jene pragati kahevAya che te kharekhara sAmAnya rIte mANasa preyanI pasaMdagI kare che paraMtu tene badale to adhogati che. ghaNI vakhata navA navA saMzodhano thAya che ane jo zreyanI pasaMdagI kare to tenI gati pragatimAM pariNAme. preya tene kAraNe samAjane aneka phAyadA thAya che. jo saMzodhananA svanuM sAruM - bhaluM kare, paraMtu zreya samaSTInuM bhalu kare mATe te pariNAmarUpe je zodha thaI hoya eno yogya upayoga thAya to tene pramANe thAya to saunuM zubha thAya. pragati kahI zakAya, paraMtu te zodhano durUpayoga thAya ane samAjano Izvarane ApaNe prArthanA karIe ke ApaNane sAcI dizAnI satyAnAza thAya to tene pragati nahI paNa adhogati kahevAya. A sUjha paDe ane te dizAmAM AgaLa vadhI saunI pragati thAya te paMthe bAbatamAM aNubombanI zodha jo sAcA upayogamAM levAya to gati karIe. ]] vaijJAnikoe khUba pragati karI kahevAya, tene badale eTama bombane phona naM. 932142 1192 oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (191

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vinaya tathA vaiyAvacca tapanI anuprekSA . ? subodhI satIza masAlIyA mane prabuddha jIvananA vAcakonA phona Ave che ke kayA mahinAmAM kahyuM che ke, "koInuM karavAvALo tuM kAMI che ja nahi.... agara te kayo tapa Apyo che te jaNAvo amane saLaMga badhA tAra maLatA koInuM kAMI karyuM che evuM tane lAge che, to e samaja ke koI janamamAM nathI. to nIce pramANe tapa chapAyA che tenI noMdha lezojI. teM enuM kAMI buruM karyuM che, te Aje tuM enuM sAruM karIne tAro hisAba sapTembara 16 - prAyazcitta cukate karI rahyo che." basa... eka eka jIva joDe hisAba ja pUro navembara 16 - vinaya karavAno che. ne e phAIla kaMpalITa karI e jIvathI chUTavAnuM che. Disembara 16 - vaiyAvacce ekapaNa jIva joDe hisAba bAkI haze to e hisAba pUro karyA jAnyuArI 17 - anasana vagara ApaNA jIvane mukti nahi maLe. dA.ta. mA-bApa khUbaja phebruArI 17 - uNodarI kALajIpUrvaka, premapUrvaka potAnA bALakone pALe-poSe che. paNa eprila 17 - vRttisaMkSepa aMdara-aMdara e apekSA sevatA hoya che ke, chokarAo moTA thaIne me 17 - rasatyAga emanI sevA kare ne jyAre A apekSAe pUrI thatI nathI tyAre e jUna 17 - kAyakleza apekSAo mA-bApa ne saMtAno vaccenA jhagaDAmAM parivartita thAya julAI 17 - saMlInatA che. pati-patni kaho ke be dosta kaho, badhAnI vacce Aja banatuM sapTembara 17 thI julAI 18 - svAdhyAya - dhyAna - kAyotsarga hoya che enA badale sevA karanAra vyakti e bhAvanA bhAve ke... (eprila 18 choDIne) jUna 18mAM samyakadarzana ogasTa 18 tathA "kAMIja navuM karato nathI. huM mArA ja karelA koI janmanA, A sapTembara 18mAM dhyAnanA prakAra ApyA. A rItanA saMgraha karI jIva joDe karelA pApa dhoI rahyo chuM...' to pachI sAmenA pAsethI rAkhazI to badhAtA sAthe vAMcavA maLaze. A aMkamAM vinaya tathA koI apekSA raheze kharI? jo AvI samaja, vyaktigata, vyaktigata vaiyAvacca tapanI anuprekSA aNuM chuM. paNa A anuprekSA vAMcatA AvatI jAya to aDadhuM jagata zAMta nA thaI jAya? pahelA nave. 16 ane Disembara 16nA prabuddha jIvanamAMthI vinaya mAro bIjo savAla e hato ke dararojanI dinacaryAmAM vaiyAvacce ane vaiyAvacca tapa vAMcI lejo. to ja anuprekSA samajAze. anuprekSA tapa kevI rIte apply karazo? zuM che? ke A tapane tamArA jIvanamAM, rojIMdA vyavahAramAM to savArathI uThIne rAta sudhInI eka-eka dinacaryA karatI AcaraNamAM kevI rIte mUkazo. juo tapa viSe jANakArI bahu badhI vakhate sajaga raho... manathI jAgRta raho. jAgRti eja dharma meLavI lIdhI hoya paraMtu AcaraNamAM bilakula na AvyuM hoya to che.... ApaNe to evA mAnavI chIe ke, bhikhArIne eka rUpio jANakArIno mada caDhe che. huM badhuM jANuM .'' "mane badhI khabara ApIe toya, manamAM thAya ke, A janamamAM koIne ApyuM haze to che' evo aham ajANatAthI paNa ApaNAmAM praveza pAme che. koI janamamAM pAmazuM. are .... kabUtara jevA pakSIo pAsethI pravacanamAM vaiyAvacca tapa samajAvyA pachI meM eka-be savAla paNa AzA rAkhIe, caNa nAkhatAM vicAra Ave ke, "jo koIne pUjyA hatA. mAro eka savAla e hato ke...jo vaiyAvacca tapa khavaDAvyuM haze to khAvA pAmazuM.'' sAcI vAtane? gharamAM paNa barAbara samajAI jAya to aDadhuM jagata zAMta thaI jAya evuM meM kema vaDilonI ke bimAra vyaktinI sevA karatAM kaMTALo AvI jAya, kIdhuM? to e kahevAnuM kAraNa e hatuM ke jagatamAM jhagaDA, daMgA, durbhAvanA AvI jAya, badalAnI bhAvanI AvI jAya. have A azAMti vadhu e kAraNane lIdhe thatuM hoya che ke dareka vyakti manamAM kyAre pate? evI bhAvanA paNa AvI jAya... paNa jo paLe paLe pAravagara nI apekSAo laIne jIvatI hoya che. loko eka vakhata jAgRta rahI... e bhAvanAne ghUMTyA karIe ke... "huM to phakta karavA khAtara koInuM kAma-sevA karI to nAkhe che, paNa jo sAmethI mArA koI janmanA A jIva joDe karelA kharAba vartanane bhUMsI rahyo eno badalo nA maLyo to vicAre che ke, "meM to AnuM ATaluM karyuM, chuM, basa....je pote lakhyuM che teja bhUMsavAnuM kAma karI rahyo chuM, koI meM to enuM Ama karyuM, ne eNe mAruM AvuM karyuM? ene mArI kAI janmamAM meM je ujharaDA pADyA che, tenI malamapaTTI karI rahyo chuM...." kadara ja nathI? dhIre dhIre AvA badhA, vAvelA bIjo hajAro vRkSa to bIjI badhI durbhAvanAmAMthI bacI javAze. joke anAdikALanA bane che. emAM apekSAo vRddhi pAmatA kyAreka, gALAgALI ke saMskAra A jIva para paDyA che, mATe Adata pramANe durbhAvanAmArAmArInuM svarupa paNa dhAraNa kare che. enA badale jo A tapa ahaMkAra vagere AvI to jaze. paNa tarata pAchA jAgRta thaI jAva, samajAI jAya, ne vyakti ema vicAravA lAge ke, mArA bhagavAne A hamaNA samajAvyo te bhAva manamAM lAvI do.... eTale ke satata (1992) (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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jAgRta raho. durbhAvanA pravezatAnI sAthe ene hAMkI kADhI. e DokIyuM kare ke tarata tene thappaDa mArIne besADI do. tenI jagyAe pelI sadbhAvanAne ujAgara karo. e rIplesa karo... to zuM thaze huM javane e rIte jIvavAnI dhIme dhIme Adata paDI jaze ne pachI jIvane anAyAse A bhAvanuMja raTaNa thaI jaze. te pelA durbhAvanA rUpI corane khabara paDI jaze ke have jora karavA jaIza to pakaDAI jaIza. mATe te ApoApa ja bhAgI jaze. kyAre bhAgI jaze enI paNa khabara nahI paDe. Ama pUrA divasa rAtamAM jenuM paNa, kaMI paNa karo cho, pachI te gurU hoya ke, vaDIla hoya ke mitra hoya ke, pati-patni hoya, 84 lAkha jIvayonI mAMthI koInuM paNa kAMipaNa karatA Aje sadbhAvanA samajAvI tenuM raTaNa karatA raho. dhIre dhIre evo samaya Avaze ke A bhAvanA lohImAM vaNAI jaze. pachI pelI asadbhAvanA sthAnapaNa nahI laI zake. ane agara rastAmAM beThelA raktapIttIyA ne joIne jo mArUM moDhuM macakoDAya to mAro e AtmA pratyeno avinaya che, ene paNa mAna-sanmAna thI jovuM saheluM nathI enA mATe mArA AtmAne badalAvuM paDaze jyAre rastAmAM koI hiro ke modIjI maLI jAya to ene mAna sanmAnathI jovA mATe mArA AtmAne koI badalAvanI jarUra nathI suMdara-sughaDa-skUla yuniphorma mAM taiyAra thaIne jatAM bALakane ucakI jo tamArUM koI nathI karatuM to bIjA vicAra karavAne badale ene prema karavo tenA jIva pratye vinaya karavo e sarala che, sahaja bhAvanAne phITa karo ke, "he jIva have tArA enI joDe koI lenadena nA hisAba ja nathI rahyA to e jIva paNa zuM kare?... sArUM thayuM ne tArI eka phAIla kaMpalITa thaI gaI. vaiyAvacce tapa samajyA pachI ATalo bhAvanAmAM pharaka paDI jAya, to sonAmAM sugaMdha bhaLI jAya.'' AtmAne ghaNuM rUpAMtarita thavuM paDaze. jo mahinAnA upavAsa karyA pachI paNa ke varSItapa ke siddhI, tapa, zreNItapa karyA pachI paNa svAdanA caTAkA-maTAkA ochA thayAja nathI to tapa bAhya dRSTie hoya bhale tapa thayo hoya paNa e mithyA tapa gaNAze... je tapa karyo hoya paNa AtmAmAM kAMI rUpAMtaraNa na thayuM hoya evA tapa to aneka janmomAM ApaNe aneka tapa karIne AvyA chIe.... chatAM ApaNo vistAra thayo nathI. have ApaNe karIe thoDI vinayatara nI anuprekSA.... jIva mAtra mATe prema-dayA-vinaya hRdayamAM vasI jAya tyAre vinayanAmano tapa sadhAze. ne jIvamAtra pratye vinaya jAge te mATe AtmAne rupAMtarita thavuM paDaze... yAda rAkho. aMtarayAtrA e vastu alaga che ane AtmAnuM rUpAMtarita thavuM te vastu alaga che. aMtarayAtra eTale ApaNe pote potAnA aMtaramAM utaravuM, AtmAno upayoga AtmAmAM ja rAkhavo... jyAre AtmAnuM rUpAMtarita thavuM eTale ke AtmA ja atyArasudhI karI rahyo che... je sahaja rIte thaI gayuM che tene palaTavuM ne vibhAvamAMthI svabhAva dazAmAM AvyuM. dA.ta. koI sAdhu mahArAja no vinaya karavAno che, emane ahobhAvathI bolavA javAnuM, bahumAna pUrvaka ApaNA ghare bolAvIne vahorAvavAnuM... A badho vinaya ja che. paNa A prakArano vinaya karavA mATe AtmAne kAMI badalAvuM paDatuM nathI e sahaja che paraMtu sAdhu mahArAjane badale koI bhikhArIne bolAvIne Adara pUrvaka, premapUrvaka ghare bolAvIne jamADavo hoya to? to bhAI e karavA mATe to eka bhikhArI pratye paNa evIja vinaya je eka sAdhu pratye che te jagADavA mATe AtmAne ghaNuM badalAvuM paDaze. ghaNuM rUpAMtarIta thavuM paDaze. barAbarane? to yAda rAkho koIpana tapa..... bAra prakAramAMthI koIpaNa tapa, e tapa thayo tyAreja kahevAya che. jyAre enAthI AtmA rUpAMtarita thAya che. pahelo anasana tapa e paNa tyAreja tapa thayo kahevAze jyAre svAda jaze ne svAda javA mATe oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI che, paraMtu evaDo ja koI bALaka jenA kapaDAM melAM che, zarIra gaMdu che. jenuM nAka vahI rahyuM che, evA bALaka ne ucakavAnI vAta to ekbAju paNa ene hAtha lagAvavA jeTalo vinaya paNa ApaNe jagAvI zakatA nathI. uparathI hRdayamAM durgaMcchA utpanna thAya che, enA pratye vinaya jagAvavA mATe AtmAmAM rUpAMtaraNa thavuM paDaze... ne e rUpAMtaraNa sadhAyuM... to ja jIvamAtra pratye vinaya sadhAze. ApaNe basamAM beThA, bAjumAM koI durgaMdha mArato vyakti AvI ne beTho... nAkanuM TocyuM caDhaze? chI... Avo mANasa kAM mArI bAjumAM AvI ne beTho? AvA durgaMcchAnA bhAva pedA thavA te paNa e jIva pratyeno avinaya che... meM tamane kahyuM .... tamArI dinacaryA jUo.... kyAM avinaya thAya che tevI aneka bAbato maLI Avaze mArI ja vAta karUM huM savAre amArI TeresamAM kabUtara ne juvAra nAkhavA ne kAgaDAne gAMThiyA nAkhavA jAuM, pahelA ekabAju kabutarane juvAra nAkhuM lagabhaga 50-60 kabutara AvI jAya. bIjIbAju kAgaDA ne gAMThIyA nAkhuM te paNa moTA pramANamAM AvI jAya. paNa jevuM kAgaDAne gAMThiyA nAkhyA ke pelA kabutarA emanI juvAra khAvAnuM choDIne gAMThiyA khAvA AvI jAya. ne TATa gAMThiyA AvA lAge te kAgaDAne bIcArAne aDaghA gAMThiyAya khAvA maLe nahI. .. mane ema thAya ke A kabutara kevA che. emanuM khAtA nathIne kAgaDAnuM khAvA AvI jAya che. ne huM gAMThiyA khAtA kabutarAne uDADavAno TrAya karUM. thoDAM divasa jatAM khyAla Avyo ke... subodhI tuM zuM karI rahI che? tArUM kAma phakta juvAra ke gAMThiyA nAkhavAnuM che. pachI e jenA nasIbamAM je vastu haze te khAze. kabutara gAMThIyA nakhAI jAya te mATenA tArA prayatno batAve che ke tuM kAgaDAnA javano vinaya kare che paNa kabutaranA jIvano avinaya kare che.... to mAro vinaya vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 193

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nAmane tapa kyAM sadhAyo? Ano phakta vinaya-avinayane samajavA mATe me mArUM potAnuM ja eka udAharaNa ApyuM che.... paNa vicArI jojo... AvA pADozI kyAM maLyA? have AvI patnI joDeja jIMdagI vItAvavAnI dikSA lIdhA pachI thAya ke AvA gurunI sevA karavAnI? A badhAM e jIva pratyeno avinaya che. mAkhIothI baNabaNatA kutarAM pratye paNa durgacchA utpanna nahI thAya ApaNA karelA upakArane bhUlI jaI ApaNI niMdA karanAra pratye paNa hRdayamAM vinaya jAgaze, durbhAvanA nahI jAge tyAre vinaya nAmano tapa sadhAze, enA mATe AtmAne rUpAMtarita thavuM paDaze. je saheluM nathI paNa jyAM jyAM avinaya jAge tyAM sajAga thaI jAvane tyAMthI pAchA pharo. vicAra karo... jyAre prakRtie koI jIva pratye bhedabhAva nathI karyo, sUrya ema nathI kaheto ke tuM amukane prakAza ApIza ne amukane nahi, varasAda ema nathI kaheto ke huM garIbanI jhUMpaDIpara nahI varasuM phakta tavaMgara nA mahela para ja varasIsa.... prakRti paNa eja saMketa Ape che ke hareka jIva mATe tArA aMtaramAM vinayane sthApita kara... tane khabara nathI ke je jIvanA eka paryAyane tuM Aje avinaya, durgucchA kare che teja jIvanA bIjA paryAyane tuM ja kAle pUjavAno che... je jIvanA rAvaNa nAmanA paryAya ne tuM napharata kare che. enA pUtaLAne paNa bALe che teja jIvanA tirthaMkara nAmanA paryAyane tuM pUjavAno che? je jIvamAM hajAro durguNatAne Aje dekhAya che, tenA mATe eTaluMja vicAra ke enA koI pUrvabhava nA karmone kAraNe A jIva Aje A paryAyamAM che, mAre enA paryAyane nahi. enI aMdara rahelA zuddha-buddha AtmAne vinaya karavAno che. bhale sAMsArika vyavahAra khAtara koI vartanavyavahAra evo karavo paNa paDe paNa aMtaramAM to e jIva pratye, dareka jIva pratye zudhdha -budhdha AtmA pratye parama vinaya jAgRtta rahevoja joIe... huM evuM nahIM karUM ke phUla ne prema karIza ne kAMTAne napharata karIza... bhave vyavahAra khAtara phUla ne mastake caDhAvIzane kAMTAne kacarAnA DabbAmAM nAkhIza... paNa hRdayamAM baMne pratye eka sarakhAMja vinayabhAva sthApita karIza... he jIva... na tane avadhijJAna che. na manapraryava jJAna che, tuM kAMIja jANato nathI ke tuM potepaNa kevA kevA paryAya karIne Avyo che... vicAra ke jyAre mahAvIranA jIve, rAjA na pakSiyamAM pelAnA kAnamAM dhagadhagatuM zIzuM reDayuM haze... tyAre tyAM je hAjara hAjara haze (kadAca mAro jIva paNa koI svarUpamAM tyAM hAjara hoI zake) te dareka jIve.... mahAvIranA jIvane keTalI napharata karI haze... eja mahAvIranA jIvanI Aje paryAya badalAI gaI... Aje huM enI pUjA karIza, mAna ApIza e jIvano parama vinaya karIza. to vicAra... tuM anekono vinaya kare che ne kono avinaya? ne jIvo pratye avinaya karIkarIne.... rAga dveSanA DhagalA khaDakI khaDakIne huM tArAM potAnA jIvane durgati nA khADAmAM dhakelI de che. yAda rAkho... AtmAno svabhAvaja nathI, koIpaNa jIvano avinaya karavo. paraMtu Dagalene pagale jIvono avinaya karIne ApaNA AtmAne ApaNe vibhAva dazAmAM laI chIe ne ApaNAja AtmAno ApaNe sauthI moTo avinaya karIe chIe.... jo hRdayamAM jIvamAtra pratye vinaya nAmano tapa sthApita thaI gayo to tame nirgodanA ke ekendriya jIvone paNa duHkha nahI pahoMcADI zako... gIjharamAMthI garama pANI kADhatAM ke vijaLIno bephAma upayoga karatAM, ke jhADapAna kApatAM hRdaya pokArI uThaze ke.... hai jIva... tuM A ekendriya jIvono khatmo bolAvIne e jIvano avinaya karI rahyo che. satata jAgRti sadhAtA ApaNee sTepa para pahoMcI jaIzuM ke pachI ApaNe jarUrIyAta pUratuMja garama pANI kADhayuM jarUrIyAta pUratI ja vijaLIno upayoga karazuM... zusobhana mATe lAITIMgano upayoga ke suzobhana mATe vRkSonuM kaTIMga karIja nahI zakIe, joI paNa nahI zakIe kemake AtmAmAM e jIvo pratye parama vinaya jAgI gayo che... ne vinaya e raMga lAvaze ke jIva sarvathA ahiMsAmAM sthApita thavA thanaganI uThaze.... kahe che ke eka kAMTAne paNa du:kha na pahoMce mATe mahAvIre kAMTAmAM bharAyeluM vastra phADI nAMkhyuM hatuM... to ApaNe eja mahAvIranA anuyAyI... jIvamAtra pratye hRdayamAM parama vinaya nA jagAvI zakIe? te mATeno prayatna to karI zakIe ne? zarUAta to karI zakIe ne? 194 satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha num 19, dharmapratApa azoka nagara, dAmodaravADI, kAMdivalI (IsTa) mo. 8850088567 'prabuddha jIvana'ne paccIsa hajAranuM anudAna ApI koI paNa eka mahinAnuM saujanya prApta karo. 'prabuddha jIvana' korpasa phaMDamAM traNa lAkhanuM anudAna ApI paMdara varSa sudhI koI paNa eka mahinAnuM saujanya prApta karo. 'prabuddha jIvana"nA khAsa aMka mATenA saujanyanuM anudAna rUpiyA cAlIsa hajAra che. svajanane zabdAMjali jJAnakarmathI arpI jJAnapuNya prApta karo. paNa jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka oNkTobara- 2018

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jIvanapaMtha : 12 DaoNkTarano vyavasAya taMdurastIno che ke bimArIno? bhadrAyu vacharAjAnI rAjakoTanI kalekTara ophisa jyAM besatI hatI te varSo pahelAM sivila haoNspiTala hatI. temAM svAtaMtrya kALamAM sivila sarjana hatA DaoN. caMdrazaMkaragirijAzaMkara aMtANI bahu kuzaLa tabIba. teoe pAchalI jiMdagI goMDala roDa paranI mAlaviyA vADImAM Avela. kaivalyadhAmamAM garIbone tabIbI madada karavAmAM gALI. TUMkI potaDI, jhINo TUMko jhabhbho ane mAthe kALI TopI paheratA e RSinulya tabIbane sau vhAlathI 'aMtANIdAdA' kahIne bolAvatA. muMbaI jAya che. teonA phemili DaoNkTaranA teo zraddhALu bhakto jANo. e phemilI DaoNkTare ja muMbaInI nANAvaTI haoNspiTalamAM bALakanI uttama sarjana dvArA sarjarInuM Ayojana karI ApyuM hatuM. muMbaImAM tyAre ya evuM hatuM ke tame tamArA dardInI sarjarI karanAra sarjanane to rUbarU joI ja na zako. te chellI ghaDIe Ave ne sarjarI pUrI karIne pahelI ghaDIe lAgI jAya. zikSaka daMpatine eka AgotarI ajaMpo manamAM ke ApaNane DaoNkTara khuda maLIne kahe ke oNparezana saphaLa rahyuM to...? phaeNmilI DaoNkTarane vAta karI to emaNe kahyuM : huM ciThThI lakhI ApIza. basa, ATalo sadhiyAro laI pahoMcyA muMbaI. sarjarI zarU thatAM pahelAM oNparezana thiyeTaranA risepzana kAunTara para pelI ciThThI ApIne vinaMtI karI ke sarjanane A ciThThI jarUra maLe evuM karajo.. pAMca-cha kalAko pachI oNparezana thiyeTaranI bahAra lIlI battI thaI ke oparezana pUruM thayuM!. pelA cAra varSanA bALakanAM mA-bApa ane kAkA AturatAthI pratIkSA karatA hatA. samaya vItI gayo. avarajavara cahalapahala khuba cAlI. bIjAM oNparezananI taiyArI thavA lAgI. bahAra pratIkSA karatA traNa jIva mUMjhAtA hatA, tyAM ja cheka dUranA rUmamAMthI sAda paDayo. traNeya tyAM doDayA. dhUraMdhara sarjana sasmita UbhA hatA. 'khuba ja sarasa oNparazana thaI gayuM che, evarIthiMga phAIna. dasa divasa rahevuM paDaze. DaoN. mAMkaDane mArI yAdI Apajo,' eTaluM kahI te nIkaLI gayA. vaoNrDabaoNye kahyuM : 'A sara koIne maLatA ja nathI, paNa tame ciThThI ApIne te vAMcIne tamane maLavA rokAyA... rAjakoTanA eka janarala prekTizanara DaoNkTaranI ciThThInI ATalI badhI asara? zikSaka daMpati to pANI-pANI thaI gayuM, temane mana DaoN. yogendra mojIlAla mAMkaDa e janarala prekTizanara na hatA, DaoNkTara mAtra na hatA, AtmIya svajana hatA. AtmIya na hota to davA ApIne chUTI na jAta? nA, emaNe to evI ciThThI lakhI ApelI ke muMbaInAM khyAla sarjane potAne silasilo toDI maLavA AvavAnuM nakkI kareluM.! A DaoNkTara davA daIne chUTI janAra nathI, dardI sAthe dila daIne nAto bAMdhanAra A DaoNkTara keTalAya dardIonA haThAgrahane kAraNe sarjarI vakhate behoza dardInI tasallI mATe oNparezana thiyeTaramAM sAkSI bhAve UbhA paNa rahe che.! abhI bhI hai aise loga! dardIne davAnI sAthe hUMphanI jarUra che, dardInA kuTuMbIne DaoNkTaranA sadhiyArAnI pratIkSA che. (kramazaH) mum mo. 08820333 phona : 0281)2588711 Imela : bhadrayu2gmail.com saranAmuM : premamaMdira, narmadA pArka-4, amIna mArga, rAjakoTa. satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 195 koI aMgreja amaladArane kazIka takalIpha thaI. ghaNA bIjA prayatnomAM saphaLatA na maLatAM koIe sivila sarjana DaoN. aMtANI pAse javA salAha ApI. rasAlo upaDayo sivila haoNspiTala aMgreja amaladAra dAdarA caDI sivila sarjananI cembaramAM pahoMcyA ane potAnAM dardanuM varNana zarU karavA gayA tyAM ja DaoN. aMtANIe temaNe aTakAvIne kahyuM : 'Apa zAMtithI beso ane mane be miniTa Apo.' aMgreja aphasara eTale DaoNkTaranI sUcanAnuM zatazaH pAlana karyuM. DaoN. aMtANIe thoDIvAramAM kAgaLa kADhI kazuMka lakhyuM ane te kAgaLa pelA aMgrejanA hAthamAM Apyo. e vAMcIne aMgreja vaDo to acaMbAmAM paDI gayo. emaNe kahyuM : 'Oh No..But Doctor how could you know?' DaoNkTara aMtANIdAdAe dhIrajathI samajAvyuM : Apa ahIM dAdaro caDhIne AvyA tyAre je rIte mArA rUmamAM dAkhala thayA, je cAle cAlIne A khurazI sudhI AvyA, je rIte beThA ane pachI thoDuM ja bolyA tenA parathI mane ApanAM dardanI jANakArI maLI gaI. eTale meM Apane besavAnuM kahyuM ane ApanuM nidAna tathA teno upacAra lakhIne Apane ApI dIdhAM. mane vizvAsa che ke huM mArA nidAnamAM sAco chuM.' pelo aMgreja amaladAra to gadagadita thaI gayo ane bhAva vibhora thaI AbhAra mAnI vidAya thayo.. aMgrejonAM AbhijAtyanI vAta have zarU thAya che. e amaladAre A Akho kisso aMgreja saltanatane lakhI mokalyo ane aMgreja sarakAre DaoN. gaMgi. aMtANIne 'rAvasAheba 'no khitAba jAhera karyo.! 'rAvasAheba DaoNkTara aMtANIdAdA' nivRtti pachI AjanI madhuram haoNspiTalanI sAme OM namaH zivAya bhavanamAM varSo sudhI vasyA ane vizALa divAnakhaMDamAM pravezatAM ja sAme gAdI takriyA para gAMdhI adAthI mulAkAtIone - dardIone maLatA rahyA.. prazna mUMjhave che ke : dardIne spardhA vagara paNa sacoTa nidAna karanAra rAvasAheba aMtANIdAdA jevA DaoNkTara Aje kayAM zodhavA? kahA~ gaye vo loga AjathI trIseka varSo pahelAMnI vAta. eka premalagnathI joDAyeluM zikSaka daMpati potAnAM eka mAtra putranAM gaMbhIra oNparezana mATe oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka

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zrI bhaktAmara stotra - AsvAda ratanabena khImajI chADavA (gatAMkathI cAlu...) uchaLaze, bhayaMkara tophAna zarU thaze. tyAre pANImAM rahelA moTA (jalabhayanAzaka) moTA magaramacchanA samUha potAnA moDhA phADIne nIcethI upara vakta guNAnuM guNasamudrI zazAka -kAntAnuM ! uchaLaze tyAre AvA tophAnI dariyAmAM bhayaMkara uchaLatAM pANInA kaste kSamaH suraguru - pratimoDapi buddhayA // mojAmAM vacce koI potAnI bhujAothI tarIne pele pAra javA kalpAMta kAla pavanoddhata nakra - cakra / sAhasa Adare to te kArya keTaluM vikaTa che... are! asaMbhavita jevuM kovA tarIkumalamabunidhi bhujAbhyAm II4l. ja gaNAya... basa, AvuM ja vikaTa kArya karavA huM taiyAra thayo chuM... bhAvArtha :- he guNonA sAgara evA prabhu! ApanA caMdra jevA he prabhu! ujjavaLa guNone kahevA mATe devonA guru bRhaspati jevAM paNa kayA 'zabdomAM samAya nahi evo tuM mahAna samartha che? athavA to pralayakALanA pavanathI tophAnI thayelAM samudramAM kema karI gAuM prabhu tArA guNagAna' tema ja magaramaccha jevA vikarALa jaLacara prANIo uchaLI rahyAM jema phUlonI sugaMdha pAchaLa pelo bhamara bhAna bhUlI jAya che hoya evAM samudrane potAnA banne bAhubaLa vaDe taravA koNa samartha tema huM paNa ApanI bhaktimAM bhAna bhUlIne saMkalpa vikalpamAMthI mukta banI svAnubhUti vaDe anaMtaguNI evA AtmAno anubhava - vivecana :- prastuta zlokamAM paramAtmA anaMtaguNonA sAgara pAmIza. jema ke, che tenuM spaSTa citra udAharaNa dvArA darzAvyuM che. kabIrajIe kahyuM che, rAgAdika jaba pariharI kare sahaja guNa khoja, dharatIkA kAgaja karuM, kalama karuM vanarAya, ghaTa meM bhI pragaTe tathA cidAnaMdanI moja.'' sAta samudrakI zAhI karuM, prabhu guNa lakhyA na jAya.'' kharekhara! prabhu bhaktimAM lIna banelA sAdhakane potAnA aMtaramAM ahIM stutikAranI sthiti paNa kAMIka evI ja che. teo kahe ja jANe AnaMdano mahAsAgara umaTato bhAse che. rAgathI bhinna che ke, he nAtha! ApanA samudra jeTalAM guNonuM varNana huM kevI rIte evA vItarAgabhAvathI sadhana, bhaktithI gadagadita banelo sAdhaka karI zakIza? mArA jevo alpajJAnI ApanA guNone kevI rIte kevaLajJAnanA prakAzathI prakAzita prabhune nihALIne ahobhAvathI pAmI zakaze? soLe kaLAe khIlelA pUrNimAnA caMdramAnI samAna upAsanA karI prabhune bhAvapUrvaka namana kare che. ApanA manohara ane zubha guNonuM varNana karavA mATe devonA guru ahIM stutikAra sarvajJanI alaukika stuti karatAM guNa ane bRhaspati paNa potAnI tIvra budhdhinI paTutA hovA chatAM paNa bhAvano samanvaya karI potAnAmAM rahela namratAdi guNono sahajabhAve zaktimAna banatA nathI. to mArA jevA alpajJAnInI zI dazA pragaTI karaNa kare che. he nAthabhale mArI alpajJa dazA hoya paraMtu huM eka pagaluM he nAtha! kayA zabdo vaDe ApanA guNonuM varNana karuM? ApanA bharIza to jarUra samartha banI zakIza. evI zraddhA sAthe stutikAra guNo anaMta che. jyAre zabdo sImita che. bhASA parimita che samaya guNonA sAgara evA prabhunI stuti karavA utsuka thayA che. sAthe paNa maryAdita che. mAro kSayopazama paNa alpa che. to A jivA vicAre che ke jo stuti karatAM mArA bhAva vizudhdha banaze, to saMvaravaDe tamArA asIma-amApa-anaMtaguNonuM varNana kevI rIte thaI nirjarA thaze. ane vaLI jo utkRSTa rasa temAM bhaLaze to karmanI zake? jema AkAzamAM asaMkhya tArAo camakI rahyAM che paNa te gaNI nirjarA thatAM bhavano nitAra thaze. AvA ciMtata sAthe stutikAra zakAtA nathI. ema ApanA aciMtya guNonuM varNana karavA mArI stuti karatAM karatAM adbhuta bhAvono dhodha vahAvI rahyAM che. vANI asamartha che. Rdhdhi :- OM hrIM ahaM Namo savohijiNANuM prabhunA guNone kahevA keTaluM asaMbhavita che. te vAte stutikAre maMtra :- OM hrIM zrIM kalIM jaladevatAbhyo namaH svAhA | ahI udAharaNa dvArA samajAvI che. teo prabhune kahe che ke, te vidhi : azudhdhithI nivRtta thaI svaccha sapheda vastra paherI yaMtra nAtha! A bharatakSetramAM jyAre pAMcamo Aro pUro thaze ane chaThTho sthApita karavuM. tema ja yaMtranI pUjA karavI. pachI sphaTika maNinI Aro zarU thavAno haze te pahelAM pralayakALano saMvartaka nAmano ugra mALA dvArA sAta divasa sudhI pratidivasa eka hajAra vAra Rdhdhi pracaMDa pavana phUMkAze. te samaye dariyAmAM pANInA moTAM moTAM mojAM tathA maMtrano jApa karavo. divasamAM eka vAra bhojana levuM, rAtrimAM thAya! (196) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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jamIna para zayana karavuM temaja brahmacaryanuM pAlana karavuM. devInA prabhAvathI tophAna zAMta thayuM ane badhAnA jahAja surakSita lAbha :- A stotra, Rdhdhi tathA maMtranuM smaraNa karavAthI tathA kinArA para AvyA. devI zeTha para prasanna thaI. eka ratnajaDita yaMtra pAse rAkhavAthI pANIno upadrava zAMta thAya che. tathA pANInI caMdrakAntimaNi ApIne adRzya thaI gaI. ane jatAM jatAM kahetI koIpaNa durghaTanAthI teno bacAva thAya che. tema ja jalajaMtuthI rakSA gaI ke jyAre paNa mArI AvazyakatA paDe tyAre mane yAda karajo. thAya che. zeTha sudatta anya vepArIo sAthe saMkuzaLa ratnadvIpa pahoMcI prastuta bhaktAmaranI tRtIya ane caturtha zlokanA jApathI zuM gayA. tyAM jaI badhI sAmagrI vecI, bIjI navI sAmagrI laI pAchA phaLa maLe? te darzAvavA zAstromAM aneka kathAo jovA maLe che. pharyA. rastAmAM teoe eka baMdara pAse mukAma karyo. bAjumAM eka temAnI eka kathA..... jinamaMdira hatuM. tyAM jaI zeThe sevA pUjA karI. A maMdiranI zeTha sudattajInI kathA bAjumAMja eka guphA hatI. guphAmAM eka anya dharmI tApasI raheto mAlavA prAtanI svastimatI nagarImAM eka zeTha rahetA hatA. hato. teNe zeThane kahyuM ke, ahI loko pazubali caDAve che, tamAre temanuM nAma sudatta hatuM. hIrA-mANeka Adi jhaverAtano emano paNa jo jIvita rahevuM hoya to pazubali Apo. tyAre jainadhamI moTo vyApAra cAlato hato. sAthe sAthe teo jainadharmamAM, zrAvakanI sudattazeThe tema karavAnI nA pADI. tyAre tApasI khUbaja krodhita banI dinacaryAmAM eTalIja AsthA dharAvatA hatA. eka divasa eka jaina zeTha upara tUTI paDayo. A joI zeTha manomana bhaktAmaranI trIjI. sAdhu gocarI arthe emanA ghare padhAryA. zeThe khuba ja bhaktibhAvathI cothI gAthAnuM paThana karavA lAgyA. tyAM tarata ja prabhAvatIdevI vaMdana karI AhAra-pANI vahorAvyA. pachI khUba ja namabhAvathI pragaTa thayA ane pelA tApasIne pakaDI lIdho ane lAcAra banAvI prArthanA karI ke, 'mane koI stotra zikhavADo jethI ApanI smRti dIdhA. tyAre te tApasI zeThanA caraNA dIdho. tyAre te tApasI zeThanA caraNomAM paDI kahevA lAgyo, havethI rahe ane mAro janma saphaLa thAya.' kapALa mUni bhagavaMte temane huM hiMsA nahIM karuM mane choDo. choDo, tyAre evuM vacana laI devI bhaktAmaranI trIjI, cothI gAthA Rdhi-maMtra sAthe zIkhavADI. adazya thaI gaI ane zeTha sudatta sahI salAmata potAnA ghare pAchA 2.0 thoDA divasa pachI zeTha sudatte jahAjamAM vyapAra arthe ghaNI badhI phalI. pharyA. sAmagrI bharI bIjA vepArIo sAthe ratnadvIpa tarapha prayANa karya, kharekhara! dhanya che... phakta be ja gAthAno mahimAM. haju aDadhe paNa nahIM pahoMcyA hoya tyAM to dariyAmAM bhayaMkara kramaza: tophAna zarU thayuM. jahAjo Ama tema DolavA lAgyA. loko gabharAI gayA. badhAne potAnA jIvanI ciMtA thavA lAgI. bacavA mATe jAta jAtanA upAyo karyA, paNa... tophAna aTakyuM nahi. aMtamAM zeTha 302, guMdecA gArDana, sudatte namaskAra maMtranuM smaraNa karI bhaktAmaranI trIjI ane cothI lAlabAga, muMbaI - 400012. gAthAnA jApa karyA. enA prabhAvathI prabhAvatI devI pragaTa thaI. mo.naM. 9892828196 sthaLAMtara thayela phIsa zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha 926, pArekha mArkeTa, 39, je. esa. esa. roDa, keneDI brija, para hAusa, muMbaI-400 004. ophIsa : 23820296 mobaIla : 9137727109. patra vyavahAra uparokta ophIsa para ja karavo. prabuddha jIvanamAM pustaka paricaya chapAvavA mATe pustaka mokalavAnuM sthaLa DaoN. sejalabena zAha 10/bI-702 alIkA nagara, lokhaMDavAlA kompalekasa, AkurlI roDa kAMdIvalI (IsTa) muMbaI - 400 101. (kurIyaranA kavara para Drop lakhavuM) oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (197

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'jaina paraMparAnA punarudhdhArako-18 ekso sIttera jeTalI vizALa navalakathAonA lekhaka, kavi, patrakAra, nATyakAra, vaidha zrI mohanalAla cunIlAla dhAmI : anokhA lokapriya navalakathAkAra AcAryazrI vAtsalyadIpasUrIzvarajI gAMdhIyugIna sAhityakAromAM jaina sAhityakAronuM paNa viziSTa ane khAsa karIne rUDhI custa paraMparAne jALavatI hovA chatA pradAna rahyuM che. zrI mohanalAla cunIlAla dhAmI prasiddha navalakathAkAra eTalA mATe lokapriya banI ke temAM vArtArasa akhaMDa jaLavAyo ane tarIke evA samayamAM potAnuM mUlyavAna sAhitya pradAna karI gayA mohanalAla dhAmIe te samayanuM vAtAvaraNa evuM suMdara raju karyuM ke je samaye gujarAtI sAhityakArono cotarapha DaMko vAgato hato. zrI temanI navalakathAo khUba vaMcAI ane aneka AvRttio paNa mohanalAla dhAmI jaina sAhityakathA dvArA ja AgaLa AvyA paNa thaI. A kathAomAM kApAlIkanI vAto paNa ghaNI AvatI ane temanI lokapriyatA kalpanAtIta hatI. zRMgAra rasa paNa vyApaka raheto te chatAMya jaina kathAno marma temaNe zrI mohanalAla cunIlAla dhAmIe sAhityanA lagabhaga tamAma tapa, tyAga ane saMyama dvArA acUka pragaTa karyo. kSetromAM kheDANa karyuM che. bAlasAhitya, pravAsakathA, nibaMdha, zrI dhAmInA samayamAM aneka lekhako hatA paNa temanA jeTaluM jIvanacaritra, navalakathA, vArtA, dharma, ItihAsa vagere temanA vizALa sAhitya anya koIe lakhyuM hoya tevuM lAgatuM nathI. teo lekhananAM kSetro rahyA. zrI mohanalAla dhAmI moTA gajAnA lekhaka eka siddhahasta navalakathAkAra hatA temAM be mata nathI. che. temaNe 17) navalakathAo lakhI che. teo zIda kavi paNa kyAreka evuM lAge che ke, vIsamI sadInI jaina navalakathAo hatA. temaNe 200 jeTalA loka gIto ane cAraNI gIto paNa vize abhyAsa karavo joIe ane te mATe eka seminAranuM Ayojana lakhyA che. temanA 3 nATako temanA samayamAM bhajavAyA ane saphaLa karavuM joIe. jaina navalakathAkAronI saMkhyA bahu moTI nathI paNa paNa thayA. temaNe 2 gujarAtI philmo 'varaghelI' ane 'bhaNelI jeTalI navalakathAo lakhAI che tenuM mUlya moTuM che. zrI dhAmInI vahu'nA gIto, kathA, saMvAda lakhIne potAnI viziSTatA puravAra navalakathAomAM jainadharma, rAjanIti, samAjadharma, yatidharma ane karI che. e jANIne Azcarya thaze ke temanI 'rUpakozA' nAmanI kalpanoDayana vagere tapAsavA jevA che. jaina kathAomAM evuM navalakathA mahArASTranI yunirvasITImAM anusnAtaka kakSAe bhaNAvavAmAM ghaNIvAra bane che ke, eka kathA bIjI kathAmAM maLI jAya che ane AvI rahI che. ane tenuM aMgrejI ane hindImAM rUpAMtara paNa thayuM ghaNI kathAomAM mAtra kalpanA ja lAge che. A vize saMzodhana karavuM joIe. zrI mohanalAla dhAmI jANItA vaidya paNa hatA. AryuvedamAM mohanalAla dhAmI bALapaNathI dhArmika vAtAvaraNamAM ucharyA temaNe 'Aryuveda bhUSaNa' ane "Aryuveda zAstrInI parIkSA ApIne ane dhArmika pAThazALAmAM bhaNIne temaNe je prApta karyuM te temanA jyAre vaidya tarIke kAryano prAraMbha karyo tyArathI koIpaNa dardInA sarjanamAM pragaTa thAya che. kahe che ke zrI dhAmIe bALapaNamAM dIkSA paisA na levAno saMkalpa karyo ane AjIvana pALyo! levA mATe bhAvanA pragaTa karelI paNa te pUrI na thaI tethI temaNe - gAMdhIjInA samayamAM koIpaNa vyakti AjhAdInA saMgrAmamAM na AjIvana dUdhapAkano tyAga karyo hato. zrI dhAmI tIrthonI yAtrA jaMpalAve tevuM bane ja nahi. zrI mohanalAla dhAmI paNa AjhAdInA karavA jatA ane tyAM rokAIne tenI AsapAsanA vAtAvaraNane AMdolanamAM joDAyA. jozIlA pravacano karIne mahArASTranA samajavA kozISa karatA. jaina munionA zaraNamAM niyamita jaIne gAmaDAomAM gAMdhIjIno saMdezo pahocADyo. besatA ane temanI pAsethI upadeza paNa ahaNa karatA. koI zrI mohanalAla dhAmI saphaLa patrakAra paNa rahyA. temaNe munivarano kaMTha sarasa che tevuM jANe to temanI pAse stavana ane 'jayahiMda'mAM varSo paryanta agra lekho lakhyA. sakjhAya acUka sAMbhaLatA ane A tamAma prasaMgomAMthI jhIlAyelI mohanalAla dhAmI eka sAthe pAMca-pAMca akhabAra ane preraNA temanA lekhanamAM jhaLahaLI uThatI. sAmayikamAM navalakathAo lakhatA ane temanI lokapriyatAne kAraNe vIsamI sadInA jaina sAhityakAromAM zrI mohanalAla cunIlAla te akhabAra ane sAmayikanuM vAcakavRMda paNa vadhI jatuM. mohanalAla dhAmI sauthI vadhAre lokapriya thayA ane jainakathAone vizALa samAja dhAmIe lakhelI navalakathAomAM DITekTIva kathAo paNa che, sAmAjika sudhI pahocADIne lokabhogya banAvanAra thayA. A sidhI mATe kathAo paNa che paraMtu vadhAre to jaina kathAone ja temaNe navalakathA temane haMmezAM yAda karavAmAM Avaze. tarIke vikasAvI che. A navalakathAo jaina paraMparAne anusaratI (198) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha praba jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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dakSiNApathanI sAdhanA-yAtrA pratApakumAra ToliyA (gatAMkathI cAlu) samyag sAdhanAnI temanI A samagra diSTa mane ciMtanIya, upAdeya ane preraka jaNAI. A patra dvArA e vizeSa spaSTatA pachIthI thaI e kharuM, paraMtu pratyakSa paricayamAM e baLavattara ne keMdra to banI ja cUkI hatI... e samajavAnuM kheMcANa eTaluM badhuM hatuM. ke tyAre khUba samaya thaI cUkyo hato kyAM UThavAnuM, tyAMthI khasavAnuM, mana thatuM na hatuM... aMte parANe UThyo. ane vidAyaveLAe guMjI UThavA guphAonA paDavA... ! ane tyAre sAme comera patharAyelI giri kaMdarAo, guphAo ane pelI prAkRtazilAo jANe rasto rokIne UbhelI jaNAtI hatI! emAMthI jANe dhIra gaMbhIra sAda UThI rahyA hatA ane digaMtabhedI pracaMDa paDadhA pADatA mArA aMtarlokane jhaNajhaNAvI rahyAM hatA ne kAnone koI divya saMgItathI bharI rahyA hatA... enA sUra-mAdhuryamAMthI chUTavuM saheluM na hatuM... enA ciraparicita-zA lAgatA niyaMtraNane TALavuM saMbhava na hatuM... paraMtu aMte nirupAye tyAMthI paga upADyA-vyathA samaye punaH ahIM AvavAnA saMkalpa sAtheH kartavyo sArIne RNamukta thavA. zrImad rAjacaMdrajInA zabdosvayaMnI avasthA sUcaka zabdo mArI ye kaMIka sAkha purAvI rahyAM : 'avazya karmano bhoga che, bhogavavo avazeSa re, tethI deha eka ja dhArIne, jAzuM svarUpa svadeza ... dhanya re divasa A aho!' re munijIe pArAvAra premathI Apelo pelo divya 'vAsakSepa'! divasa-yAtrA patAvI sUraja dharatI parathI kSitije DhaLato vidAya thaI rahyo hato, sAdhanA-yAtrA patAvI A nUtana AzramatIrthanI dharatI parathI huM vidAya thaI rahyo hato... AkAze vividha raMgo patharAyA hatA... samIra maMda maMda vahI rahyo hato... pelA guphAmaMdiramAMthI kAlanI zAradarAtrie mArA vaDe ja gavAyelAM pada-gAnanA pratidhvanio UThI UThIne mArA karNapaTe athaDAI rahyA hatA : eha parama pada prAptinuM karyuM, dhyAna meM, gajA vagara ne hAla manoratha rUpa jo; to paNa nizcaya rAjacaMdra manane rahyo, prabhu-AjJAe thAzuM te ja svarUpa joapUrva avasara evo kyAre Avaze?' ane 'apUrva avasara'nI pratIkSAnI abhIpsA bharelA e pratidhvanio mArA kAnomAM guMjatAM aMtara UMDe anugUMja jagAvI rahyA hatA, to bahArathI e badhAne parivRtta - Superimpose - karato pracaMDa Adeza sAmenI eka upatyakAmAMthI AvI rahyo hatoH 'viram viram saMgAn, mukhya mukhya prapaMcam vija visjI moham, viddhi viddhi svatattvam; kalaya kalaya vRttam, pazya pazya svarUpam, bhaja vigata vikAra, svAtmanAtmAnameva.' saMgo, prapaMco, moha sarva choDI AtmasvarUpane nihALa, svAtmAne bhaja enA judI judI paMktionA eka ja sArabhUta sAdanA paDadhA, sAme patharAyelI aneka girikaMdarAo eka pachI eka pADI rahI hatI : paNa 'deha eka ja dhArIne' svarUpa-svadeze, nija niketane javAnuM to emanA jevA bhavyAtmA mATe nirmAyuM hatuM, kAraNa emanA 'bhavanA bIja to AtyaMtika nAza' thaIne emanA saMsArano cheDo AvI rahyo hato, jyAre mArA jevA alpAtmA mATe to haju keTalAye deha-dehAMtaro-bhavAMtarono paMtha bAkI haze!... paNa A guphAonA sAda mane hiMmata ApI rahyA hatA, 'sarva jIva che siddha sama, je samaje te thAya' - kahetAM svayaMsiddhinI kSamatAnI khAtrI ne smRti ApI rahyAM hatA, nizciMtatA ane niSThAbhera zIghrAtizIghra parata AvavAno kola mAgI rahyA hatA... mane lAgI rahyuM ke ene vadhuvAra avagaNI nahIM zakAya. eTale A dehe ja A guphAomAM ni:saMga - nIrava - ekAMta svayaM - sAdhanArthe AvI vasavAno uparyukta saMkalpa karI tyAMthI cAlI nIkaLyo - vidAyaveLAe bhavya - bhadra - hradaya bhadramuninA, bhaktisabhara mAtAjInA, oliyA kheMgArabApAnA ane masta-maunI AtmArAmanA AzIrvAda ne premanA pAtheyane sAthe laIne H tyAre mArA mastake hato e badhAnA pratIkarUpe poSa guMjI rahyA hatA : e oNkTobara- 2018 prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka viddhi viddhi svatattvam viki viddhi svatattvam paya pazya svarUpam pazya pakSa svarUpam svatattvane - tArA potAnA tattvane jANa..! svarUpane - tArA parama Atma-rUpane niSphaLa...!' tyAM vacce ja vItarAgavANIne - nizrcaya pravacanane-pramANo zrImaddno mahAghoSa bAjunI guphAmAMthI vacce DokAto guMjI jato hato : jeNe AtmAne jANyo, teNe sarvane jANyuM' je ekane jANe che te sarvane jANe che' ne vaLI pAchA paDA para paDadhA pADatA pelA girikaMdarAonA satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 199

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'vidhi viddhi svatattvam-nArA potAnA tattvane jANa svarUpane nihALa...' pa pakSa svarUpam... tArA AtmasvarUpane nihALa... ' ane e guMjI rahelA paDaghAonI sAthe bhItarathI huM AtmasvarUpamAM UMce ne UMce UThato, bahArathI anicchAe ratnakUTanI e pahADI AzramI dharatI parathI nIce UtarI rahyo hato - e AzramanA kendra ane mArA jIvananA ArAdhya paramaguru zrImaddnA bhavyAtmAne manomana praNamI rahIne H 'deha chatAM jenI dazA, varte dehAtIta; e jJAnInAM caraNamAM, ho vaMdana agabata. ' mArI e sAdhanA-yAtrA bahArathI samApta thaI che... paNa aMdaramAM cAlu che. Aje sthULarUpe e yogabhUmithI dUra chuM ane jJAna saMvAda uttara ApanAra : vidvAna subodhIbena satIza masAlI prazna 1 : "mane paNa paramAtmA pUjAnA phaLarUpe zIvratAthI cAritranI prApti thAya ane huM paNa A chakAyajIvono rakSaka banuM... to zuM pUjAnuM phaLa mAMgavuM joIe?'' uttara : mahAvIranA sidhdhAMta anusAra koIpaNa dhArmika kriyAnuM phaLa mAMgavAnuM ja nathI. koIpaNa prakAranuM niyANu karavAnuM ja nathI. zAstramAM rAvaNanuM daSTAMta Ave che ke rAvaNe khUbaja ekAgratA pUrvaka aThThama tapa karyo paNa enA phaLa rUpe eNe bahurUpI vidyA mAMgI, mahAvIranA nirvANa pachI lagabhaga 50 varSe thayelA vimalAcArya lakhe che ke rAvaNe ATalIja ekAgratA pUrvaka phakta karmanirjarAne lakSyamAM rAkhI anumatapa karyo hota to karma khapAvI rAvaNa kevaLajJAna meLavata eTalI tAkAta hatI A aThThama tapamAM... AvA to keTalAya udAharaNo maujUda che zAstramAM. paNa ApaNe samajyA vinA basa mAMgaNaveDA cAluja rAkhIe chIe. mahAvIra kahe che ke ApaNA pUrve A bhavacakramAM anekavAra cAritra lIdhuM che. kadAca oghAnA DhagalA karo to parvata jeTalA thaI jAya. paNa hajI ApaNA bhavano nistAra thayo nathI. mATe mAMgavuM hoya to mokSa ja mAMgo, AtmAnI muktija mAMgI. kemake emAMja cAritra samAI gayuM... kemake atyaMtara cAritrya vinA mokSa che ja nahi pachI dravya cAritra hoya ke na hoya. mATe zAstranA zabdono gUDhArtha jANyA vagara bhIkSA mAMganAranuM pAtra khAlI ja rahe che. 200 hajuya dUra ne dUra thaI rahyo chuM, paraMtu ratnakUTanI guphAonA e gaMbhIra jJAnaghoSa mArA karmanA pratyeka saMsAramAM - yoganA pratyeka pravartanamAM - viveka ne vizuddhi, nirlepatA ne jAgRti jALavI rAkhavA paLe paLe prerI rahyA che, nitya-naimittika kartavyo ane jIvana-vyavahAronI vaccethI 'svarUpamAM sAMdhI rAkhatA paDaghA satata pADI rahyA che - viddhi viddhi svatattvanuM... paya pazya svarUpam...' 'jeNe AtmAne jANyo teNe sarvane jANyuM...!' subodhIbena satIza masAlIA prazna 2 : 'akSara jJAna bhuMsAI jaze paNa pratika rUpe jJAna jIvaMta raheze.'' zuM pratikane zuM jJAna te jaNAvo. uttara : derAsara e ApaNA zarIranuM pratika che ane temAM satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha paNa 12, kembrija roDa, alsara, beMgalora - 56008. rahela mUrti te ApaNA AtmAnuM pratika che. ApaNane atyAre traNa prakAranA zarIra che. je bAhya dekhAya che te audArika zarIra che. audArika eTale evuM zarIra ke je zarIra saDI sake, gaLI zake, baLI zake vagere... tenI aMdara tejasa zarIra, jene lIdhe zarIra garama rahe che. tenI aMdara kArmANa zarIra je ATha karmono samUha che tene kArmANa zarIra kahe che. eTale ke ApaNe karelA karmonuM zarIra jenAthI AtmA DhaMkAyelo rahe che. have koI prAcina derAsarane najara samakSa lAvo. dA.ta. zaMkhezvaranuM derAsara. tene dhyAnamAM rAkhI nIcenA pratikane samajo, (1) derAsaranuM raMgamaMDapa te ApaNA audArika zarIranuM pratika che. (2) derAsarano prArthanA hola - ne ApaNA tejasa zarIranuM pratIka che. (3)derAsarano gabhAro - te ApaNA kAryaNa zarIranuM pratIka che. (4)mUrti - te ApaNA AtmAnuM pratika che. (5) gabhArAmAM rahelo aMdhakAra - te ApaNA ajJAnanuM pratika che. (6) dravya dipaka - samyak jJAnanuM pratika che. (7) dipaka pragaTa thatAM mUrtinA darzana - te ApaNA samyak darzana nuM pratika che. - prazna 3 : A badhA pratika ApaNane zuM jJAna Ape che, zuM kahe che te jaNAvo. uttara te kahe che ke jo tAre bhagavAnanI mUrtinA darzana karavA karo te tyAM sudhI pahoMcavA mATe pahelAM raMgamaMDapa Avaze... jo tuM raMgamaMDapamAM ja aTakI gayo, raMga maMDapanA sAja-zaNagAra karavAmAM jIvanaH gAMghI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka oNkTobara- 2018

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ke tenI zobhA jovAmAM ja bhaTakI gayone mUrti tarapha AgaLa vadhyo thAya che, tema ajJAnanA gADha aMdhakAra rUpI AvaraNane anubhajJAna nahI to AkhI jIMdagI raMgamaMDapamAMja pUrI thaI jaze toya tane lArA bhedatA bhedatA samyakajJAnano dipaka pragaTa thAya che, ne te mUrtinA darzana thaI zakaze nahi. tevI rIte koI mANasa A audArika sAtheja samyakdarzana, AtmadarzananI prArita thAya che. je sAdhaka zarIranA mohamAM, tenA sAja zaNagAramAM AkhI jIMdagI pasAra AvA Atmadarzanane pAme che tenA mATe vadhumAM vadhu 15 bhavanI karI che chatAM paNa tene kyAreya Atmadarzana thaI zakatA nathI. jemake aMdara mokSa nizcita thaI jAya che. raMgamaMDapamAM ubhA rahI gayelA mANasane mUrtinA darzana thaI zakatA khUbaja saraLa bhASAmAM pratika ane temAM raheluM uDuM jJAna nathI. kemake mUrti gabhArAmAM che ane gabhArAmAM aMdhakAra che. samajAvavAno prayatna karyo che. agara koI jIva ATaluM paNa - have koIne vaLI e samajAyuM ke raMgamaMDapamAMthI to mUrtinA jANIne AcaraNamAM mUkI de to AtmakalyANa sAdhI zakAya tema che. darzana thatAM nathI jarA AgaLa javA de. ema karI te prArthanA hola (tatvajJAna viSayaka koInA paNa savAla AvakArya che. (tejaza zarIra) mAM gayo. ne tyAMja prArthanA, bhajana-kirtana karavA (zrI muMbaI saMghanI ophisa para mokalavA kavara para besI gayo. AkhI jIMdagI prArthanA karyA karI paNa mUrtinA AtmAnA) "jJAnasaMvAda' lakhavuM.) darzana thayA ja nahI kemake teNe prArthanA holathI AgaLa vadhavAno prayatna ja nA karyo. ThIka tevIja rIte ApaNo jIva kyAreka kyAreka smazAna vairAgya pAmI, A audArika zarIra (raMgamaMDapa)nA sAja prabuddha jIvana'nuM lavAjama sIdhuM zaNagAramAMthI bAra nIkaLI AgaLa vadhI potAnI aMdara jhAMkavAno beMka ekAunTamAM jamA karAvI zakAzeprayatna kare che paraMtu tyAM paNa bhajana-kirtana-prArthanA-manana-ciMtana Bank of India, Current A/c No. 003920100020260, zAstrajJAna-tyAM sudhImAM aTakI jAya che mATe Atmadarzana thaI Prarthana Samaj Branch, Mumbai - 400 004. zakatA nathI. Account Name : Shri Mumbai Jain Yuvak Sangh evI ja rIte keTalAka jIvo prArthanA holamAM aTakI nahI pemenTa karIne nAma ane saranAmuM A phormamAM bharIne mokalavuM jatAM..AgaLa vadhe che. gabhArA sudhI pahoMcI jAya che. paraMtu ahIM atyaMta aMdhAruM (kArpaNa zarIra) hovAthI mUrtinA darzana thaI athavA mela paNa karI zakAya che. zakatA nathI. tevI rIte ApaNe A audArika zarIranA (raMgamaMDapa) 'prabuddha jIvana nuM vArSika trivarSiya ? pAMcavarSiya dasa varSiya sAja zaNagAra choDI, bhajana-kirtana-prArthanA-zAstrajJAna-manana- lavAjama ceka / DImAnDa DrAphaTa naM. ................. dvArA A ciMtana (tejaza zarIra-prArthanA hola) vagere dvArA AgaLa vadhIe sAthe mokaluM chuM tA. ............... nA roja prabuddha jIvana' chIe. paNa karmanA gADha aMdhakAra rUpI AvaraNamAM (gabhAro mATe khAtAmAM sIdhuM jamA karAvyuM che. mane nIcenA saranAme aMka aMdhakAra) birAjamAna ApaNA AtmAnA darzana -samyakdarzana pAmI mokalazo. zakatA nathI. kAraNa ke karmanA gADha AvaraNane kema bhedavA tenuM samyaka jJAna na hovAne kAraNe bhedI zakatA nathI. vAcakanuM nAma......... paraMtu je jIva potAnA AtmAnA upayoga samAnatA pUrvaka saranAmuM......... bAra javA deto nathI, mana-vacana-kAyA ne sthira karI AtmAmAM sthiratA kare che... Ama navA karmone AvatA roke che ane udIraNA ................... thaIne AvelA jUnA karmone saMpUrNa samatAmAM sthira thaI (sAmAyika) udIraNAmAM AvelA karmo pratye na rAga kare che, na DhaSa, te AtmA- [pAna kADa........... ....... phona naM. ....... potAnA gADha karmonI pratirone eka pachI eka bhedato jAya che. | mobAIla....... Ama anubhava jJAna mAMthI pasAra thato thato karmanI amuka pratarane mULa sudhI bhedI nAkhe che te che samyaka jJAnano prakAza (gabhArAmAM Email ID mUkelo divo) ane aMdaramAM jevo samyakujJAnano dipaka pragaTe che ke vArSika lavAjama rUA. 3000 traNa varSanuM lavAjama rUA. 750 tenA ajavALAmAM AtmAnI eka jhalakano alaukika anubhava * pAMca varSanuM lavAjama rUA.1250 0 dasa varSanuM lavAjama thAya che. te che samyaka darzana...Atmadarzana. jema aMdhakAramaya rUA. 2500 gabhArAmAM dravya dipaka pragaTAvavAthI bhagavAnanI mUrtinA darzana oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (201

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sarjana-svAgata pArvatIbena khIrANI pustakanuM nAma : tatsama prasaMgakathA vividha viSayonA lakhANo parathI sAra ativyasta hovA chatAM lakhyo ane e lekhaka : vijaya zAstrI emanI sarjanazaktino khyAla Ave che. sAra navagujarAta samaya', 'gujarAta prakAzaka : vijayazAstrI je 3302, AmAMthI keTalIka kRtiomAM to emane evorDa samAcAra' divya bhAskara Adi muktAnaMda, aDAjaNa roDa, paNa maLyA che. jema ke asaro khalu saMsAre- vartamAnapatromAM chapAyo. vAcakone A sUrata-395008. vArtAsaMgrahane gujarAtI sAhitya evorDa, lekhamALA sparzI gaI tethI temaNe Agraha mUlya : rU. 150/ dhUmaketu evorDa tathA saroja pAThaka evorDa karyo ke A badhA lekho pustakarUpe bahAra pRSTha : 142 ema traNa traNa evorDa maLyA che. paDavA joIe pariNAma svarUpa samagra ciMtana 'tatsama' zIrSaka 'khAlI khAlI Avo' vyaMgya 2OOO lekho 'ciMtanano cirAga' nAme prakAzita vAMcIne manamAM ne gujarAtI sAhitya akAdamI evorDa maLyo thayA che. tasamAM | utsukatA jAge ke che. trepaname jANe pAra' vivecana 2002 A ciMtana lekho pUjyazrInI vyApaka AmAM zuM haze? ane te gujarAtI sAhitya akAdamI evorDa maLyo daSTi bahuAyAmI pratibhAne ujAgara kare vijaya zAstrI pustaka hAthamAM laIne che. kRtigata vivecanane gujarAtI sAhitya che. AmAM kayAMya sAMprata samayanI ghaTanAono vAMcavA prerAI jaIe pariSadanuM pAritoSika maLyuM che. aNasAra che to kyAMka pUjyazrIno sarvadharma tyAre khyAla Ave ke A kRtimAM paNa 27 lekho dvArA emanI pratyeno samAdara jhaLakato dekhAya che. kayAMka A eka lekhakanA kalamano kasaba chato thAya che eka eka lekha sarvadharmanA vizeSa graMthonA sarvagrAhI potAnA ja vividha sAmAyiko jevA ke paraba, vAMcatA jaIe ema ema emanI pratibhAnA avagAhana sAtheno pUjyazrIne vizada zabdasRSTi, saMvedana gujarAta gArDana, huM nAma darzana thatA jAya che. keTalA badhA morace abhyAsanuM darzana thAya che. to kyAMka parivAradipotsavI aMka vagere, keTalAka apragaTa sahajatAthI khelI zake che enI pratIti thAya samAja-dharma-rASTra ane vizva pratyenI UMDI lekha, emaNe lakhelI prastAvanA, che. saMvedanAno anubhava thAya che. to vaLI kayAMka vyAkhyAnamALA, vaktavya vagerenuM eka suMdara vyasano tathA dUrAcAro pratyeno prakopa jovA saMkalana che. pote je lekho lIdhA che te 1NA lIdhA che te pustakanuM nAma : ciMtanano cirAga maLe che ane kayAMka enAthI viparIta nAnakaDA thA lAyu che tyAM javuM che evuM ja laI lekhaka : AcArya zrI rAjayazasUri ma.sA. sadkArya pratyeno atyaMta anurAga jovA maLe lIdhuM e bhAvathI prerAIne lekhake 'tatsama' saMpAdaka : muni yazazayaza vi. ma.sA. che. kayAMka hAlanA samayamAM upasthita nAma rAkhyuM che evuM anubhavAya che. emAM prakAzaka: zrI labdhi-vikrama jAtigata vivAdo pratyenI ciMtA paNa jovA lekhakanI kasAyelI kalamano paricaya maLe rAjayazasUrIzvarajI jaina TrasTa maLe che. sAme cheDe pazupaMkhI jevA nAnakaDA jIvanadIpa' rIMga roDa surata jIvathI laIne mAnava pratyenI pujyazrInI A eka sAhitya sAgaranA motIono kiMmata : rU. 125/ karUNAthI Adra manobhAvanA nihALavA maLe saMpuTa che. sAhitya rasikone avagAhana pRSTha : 16 + 160 che. Ama emanA ciMtananA raMgaberaMgI karavAnuM game evuM che. potAnA vividha A. pU. AcArya camakArA eTale A pustaka. sAmAyikonA lekhothI ApaNe vaMcita rahI zrI rAjyazasUrinA enA eka eka ciMtana vAMcatA jaIe na jaIe mATe lekhake pote ja 27 lekhono ciMtanano jhagamagato to emanI ciMtananI cetanAnI anubhUti suMdara saMgaha rajU karyo che. lekhakanI bahurmukhI cirAga eTale A thAya che. pratiyA emanA lekhomAM jhaLake che emanI pustaka emaNe kRtionI sUci vAMcatA khyAla Ave che ke naDiyAdanI bhUmimAM pustakanuM nAma : dhAMdhArathI gAMdhAra emaNe vividha viSayo para kalama calAvI che cAturmAsa daramyAna je lekhaka : kizorasiMha solaMkI jema ke vivecana, navalakathA, vArtAsaMgraha, ciMtanathI bharapUra prakAzaka : bAbubhAI eca. zAha, pArtha anuvAda, vArtAo, laghunavalo, vyaMgya, pravacano ApyA. e pravacanono saMkSipta pablikezana, 102, naMdana kompalekSa, (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018 cirAga tanano .. 202 )

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mIThAkhaLI, amadAvAda -380006. prAsa besI gayo dhAMdhAra thI gAMdhAra. prAcIna thAya che. zarUAta amRtasarathI vAdhA borDara mUlya: rUA. 150/ bhAratamAM takSazIlA gAMdhAra dezanI rAjadhAnI tarapha jatA thayelA anubhavothI thAya che. pRSTha: 72 + 16 (raMgIna pravAsa citro) hatI. siMdhu nadInA baMne kinAre vaselA pAkIstAna ane bhArata vaccenA saMbaMdho dhAMdhArathI gAMdhAra gAMdhAramAM takSazIlA nadInA pUrva kinAre zobhatuM saMvedanazIla hovAne kAraNe enI vijhA dhAMdhArathI gAMdhAra vAMcIne pahelA thAya hatuM. prakriyA AdinuM jhINavaTathI varNana karyu che. ke A kevuM zIrSaka che emanI takSazIlA jovAnI adamya saraLa pravAhI kalamanA darzana thAya che. Ano zuM artha thato IcchA hatI. takSazIlA enA vidyAlaya kAraNe ApaNane pravAsadarzana karAvatA hoya e rIte haze AvuM nAma kema ati prasiddha hatI. tyAM traNa veda ane 18 varNana karyuM che. potAne thayelA anubhavonuM haze. e jANavA vidyAo bhaNAvAtI hatI. A pustaka emanA jhINavaTabharyuM varNana karyuM che. temaja je te aMdaranuM pAnuM pravAsavarNananuM pustaka che. AmAnA moTA sthaLanI bhaugolika, sAmAjika, aitihAsika, kholIe tyAM vAMcavA bhAganA prakza kumAra' nAmanA sAmAyikamAM sAMskRtika Adi yathAyogya varNana karyuM che. maLe ke lekhaka pAlanapurathI mahesANA vaccenA pragaTa thayA che. pAchaLa tyAMnA sthaLonA raMgIna citro paNa vistAramAM AvelA dhAMdhAra pradezanA vatanI 'A sthaLa (takSazilA)ne jotAM khabara mukyA che. Ama A eka pravAsavarNananuM che. dhana dhAnyathI bharyA bharyA A pradezane paDe che ke bauddhadharme pazcima bhAratanI bahAra suMdara pustaka che. dhAMdhAra nAmathI oLakhavAmAM Ave che. patra mUkavA mATe ahIMthI zarUAta karI hatI' (A pustako meLavavA zrI muMbaI jaina ane pote pAkistAnamAM AvelA gAMdhAra elekajhAnDara kaniMghahAmanA A yuvaka saMghanI ophisa para phona karavo.) dezanI mulAkAta levA gayelA eTale eka avataraNathI dhAMdhArathI gAMdhAranI zarUAta | sapTembara aMka vizeSa H keliDoskopIka najare H gayA aMkanI vAta upAdhyAya bhuvanacaMdrajI mahArAja AdaraNIya taMtrI zrI, 'IzvarIya anubhUtinI kSaNomAM zrI abhijita vyAse potAne | 'prabuddha jIvanamAM tamArI AgavI mudrA vadhu ne vadhu upasatI thayelA abhuta akathya anubhavo prastuta karyA che. vipattimAM jAya che; ane e mudrA "mA no bhadrA: tavo yantavizvataH' e maMtrane acAnaka sahAya maLI jAya, chellI kSaNe 'bacAva' thAya. AvA anusare che. viSayono vyApa vadhyo che. navodita lekhako joDAya che. anubhavo lokone thatAM ja hoya che. koI akaLa-gUDha sattA jagatanuM sAthe sAthe eka bhayasthAna paNa UbhuM thAya che. prabuddha jIvana eka saMcAlana karI rahI che evI pratIti evA TANe vyaktine thAya che. vicArapatra che. e ardhadagdha ke aprAsaMgika vicArono 'jamelo' na vizvanI parama vidhAyaka sattA pratye vyakti sabhAna bane - lataH bane e paNa jovAnuM rahyuM. vinamra bane - ene 'IzvarIya' anubhava jarUra kahI zakAya. sapTembara 18 nA aMkano taMtrI lekha jaina rAmAyaNa - khAsa paM. ToDaramalajInA jIvana-kavana vizeno DaoN. razmi bhedAno karIne sItArAma copAI' - no paricaya ane tulanA karAve che. lekha paThanIya che. zrAvakanI sAdhanA' lekha jaina gRhasthanA bAra lekha mAhitIprada che, sughaDa-surekha che; paNa e koI sAhityika vrato vize prAthamika samaja Ape che je navI peDhInA vAcakone sAmayikamAM zobhe evo che, prabuddha jIvananI pratimA (image) ke upayogI che. subodhibena musAliyAe dharmadhyAnane sahAyaka vicAra pratibhAne mATe e poSaka gaNAya ke kema - evo prazna mArA jevA biMduo ekatra karI ApyA che. A biMduone vyakti potAnI vAcakane thAya. rAmAyaNanA ja pAtro ke prasaMgo vartamAna prabuddha vicAradhArAno bhAga banAve to avazya Arta ane raudra dhyAnathI vyaktine jIvanapathamAM preraka bodhaka kevI rIte bane e biMdune bacI zake. kendramAM rAkhIne jarUra lakhI zakAya. jIvana sAthe anubaMdha anivArya. (patramaitrI' mAM uttama vicAronuM AdAna-pradAna thayuM che. vAMcIne AzA che, Apa mArA pratibhAvane samajI zakazo. AnaMda thAya. 'jIvanapaMtha' zreNImAM bhadrAyubhAIno lekha, 'gAMdhI zrI nareza veda, vedamaMtronA gAnamAM samAyelA prAkRtika layanI vAcanayAtrA'no sonala parIkhano lekha, bhaktAmara stotranA vivaraNano vAta kare che. uddagItha e gAnanuM prAthamika rUpa hatuM. gAna mAtra DaoN. ratanabenano lekha, savajIbhAI chAyAno gopanI purAtattvIya layane laIne cAle che. eTale zrI vedanuM ciMtana koI paNa layabaddha mAhitIno lekha - A badhA laghulekho viSayavaividhyamAM umero kare gAnane eTaluM ja lAgU paDI zake. che. oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha) (203

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jaina paraMparAnA punarudhdhArako' lekhazreNI ati upayogI che. hoya che, AthI aMgrejI paryAya yojatI vakhate thoDI cokasAI karI AvA caritralekho prabuddha jIvananuM ghareNuM banI raheze. levI lAbhadAyaka raheze. prastuta lekhamAM zikSAvratano artha 'DiscidravyAnuyoga viSayaka DaoN. kokilA zAhano lekha tAttvika viSayanA pline' nA vrata' evo thayo che. zikSA e zista nathI, zikSaNa paNa punarAvartana dvArA svAdhyAyanI taka pUrI pADe che. 'dakSiNApathanI nathI. zikSAno artha ahIM abhyAsa - mahAvaro - Practice che. svAdhyAyayAtrA' lekhazreNImAM zrI bhadramuni mahArAja sAthe gALelI cAra zikSAvratomAM zrAvaka aMtaraMga sAdhanAno abhyAsa kare che. kSaNone lekhakazrI vAcako sAthe vaheMce che. DaoN. kAminI benanA lekhamAM rAjasthAnanA zvetAMbara-digaMbara praznottarI, sarjana svAgata jevA niyamita staMbho paNa aMkamAM jinAlayo | tIrthono saMkSipta paricaya apAyo che. jesalamera. hAjara che. 'aMtima patra' zreNIno kAMtibhAI paTelano patra lekhakanA kuMbhalagaDha, cittoDagaDha jevA sthAno samAvAyA nathI; kadAca have jIvana pratyenA rAjIpAnI saMvedanA pragaTa kare che. pachInA haptAmAM teno samAveza thaze. zrI atula dozInA lekhamAM navodita lekhikAo dvArA jaina dharma - jaina tattvajJAna - jaina yuvA paddha1i3 ha, yuvA peDhIne UThatA prazno pratibiMbita thAya che. vastutaH A viSayane ItihAsa vize aMgrejImAM prabuddha jIvanamAM lekho apAya che te AvA laghu lekhamAM nyAya na maLI zake. AvakArya ane Avazyaka upakrama che. "samyakacAritra' viSayaka lekhamAM (prabuddha jIvana parama vaMdanIya upAdhyAya bhuvanacaMdra mahArAja prAcIbena zrAvakanA bAra vratono paricaya karAvyo che. prayAsa sarAhanIya pAsethI maLela AzIvacana rUpa zabdo maLavAthI RNI banyuM che. ja che. eka sUcana karavAnuM mana thAya ke jaina paribhASAnA keTalAka vedana) zabdo zabdakozanA artha karatAM kaMIka judo, kaMIka vadhu artha dharAvatA | bhAva - pratibhAva evorDa-pradAnano pratibhAva 'kizoralAla mazarUvALA' ane gujarAtanA jANItA keLavaNIkAra samukvala prakAzamAna jJAnadIpaka samA zrI bhadraMkaravijayajI 'prophesara phirojha kAvasajI dAvara sAheba' vizenA mArA lekho mahArAjane vaMdana. zrutasevI ane svAdhyAyarata evA A pUjyazrInuM emaNe prakAzita karyAnuM yAda che. A emanI udAtta dRSTinuM sUcaka nAma jenI sAthe joDAyuM che e evorDa-pradAna mATe zrI muMbaI jaina che. Ameya 'prabuddha jIvana'mAM sattva ane tattvamUlaka lakhANa haMmezAM yuvaka saMgha ane dIpaka phAunDezana prati mAro kRtajJabhAva ane AvakArya rahyuM che. AbhAranI lAgaNI vyakta karuM chuM. A ja paraMparA pachI dhanavaMtabhAImAM paNa jaLavAI. teo dAyakAothI Ayojita thatI paryuSaNa-vyAkhyAnamALA, nAmaphere paNa jaina sAhitya samArohanuM saMyojana saMbhALatA ane ahIM gati karatuM rahI, chellAM 66 varSathI prabuddha jIvana' ne nAme prakAzita 'prabuddha jIvana'nuM taMtrIpada. samArohamAM vaMcAyelAM pasaMdagInAM peparo thatuM. mukhapatra, ane ekAdhika samAjakalyANanI pravRttio dvArA teo 'prabuddha jIvana'mAM prakAzita karatA. pUnA khAtenA samArohamAM zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMghe jaina-jainetara samAjamAM potAnI garimAyukta jaina kathAsAhityanI beThakamAM adhyakSasthAnethI meM vAMceluM pepara 'jaina eka AgavI oLakha UbhI karI che. AdaraNIya paramANaMdabhAI, kathAsAhitya - eka vihaMgadarzana' temaNe sAmethI mAgIne ahIM zrI cImanalAla cakubhAI, DaoN. ramaNabhAIe dAyakAo sudhI ane prakAzita karyuM. uparAMta meM saMzodhita karela graMtha 'upadezamAlA najIkanA samayamAM DaoN. dhanavaMtabhAIe taMtrIpade rahIne 'prabuddha bAlAvabodhamAM AvatI keTalIka dRSTAMtakathAo emaNe pragaTa karI jIvana'ne ghaNuM samRddha karyuM che. A mahAnubhAvone A avasare mArI che. pachI to emaNe vizeSAMka-prakAzananI pravRtti vegavAna banAvI hRdayAMjali arpI chuM. enA AraMbhamAM emaNe 'jaina sAhitya kathAvizva' vizeSAMkanuM saMpAdana | 'prabaddha jIvana' nA lekhakavargamAM mAro praveza ghaNo moDethI mane soMpI emAM Agama-Agametara graMthomAM AvatI nAnI moTI thayo. ramaNabhAInA samayamAM, ramaNabhAI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya' nA 44 kathAo mArI pAse taiyAra karAvI ane ene sAro pratibhAva upakrame yojAtA jaina sAhitya samArohanA saMyojaka paNa kharA ane sAMpADatA saMghe ene pustaka svarUpe prakAzita karyuM. dhanavaMtabhAIe ahIM saMghamAM 'prabaddha jIvana' nA taMtrI. Ama emanAM jJAnapravRtti- 'prabuddha jIvana'mAM aMgrejI vibhAga, citrakathA vibhAga va. umerA kSetro ubhayAnvayI hatAM. eTale samArohamAM vaMcAyeluM mAruM pepara karI saMghanA mukhapatranI rUpe-raMge kAyApalaTa karI. emane gamyuM hoya to prabuddha jIvana'mAM prakAzita karatA. kyAreka have sejalabena A vizeSAMkonI vaNajhAra AgaLa dhapAvI koI lekhano viSaya sAmethI soMpatA. jemake 'madhyakAlIna jaina rAsA rahyAM che. javAbadArI saMbhALyA pachI thoDAka ja samayamAM emaNe sAhitya' lekha mArI pAse taiyAra karAvI be haptathI chApelo. bahoLA vAcakavarkanI prazaMsA prApta karI che. (204) (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 'prabaddha jIvana :gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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mitro, bhUtakALamAM ApaNuM jaina patrakAritva ghaNuM samRddha rahyuM muMbaI varase che tyAre dhodhamAra varase che. A yuvaka saMghe Aje che. mane lAge che ke jaina patrakAritvano thavo ghaTe evo ghaniSTha mane ahIM bolAvIne premadhodhathI bhIMjavyo che. mArI vayaskatAne abhyAsa hajI thayo nathI. "jaina zvetAmbara konpharansa heralDa', kAraNe huM muMjhAuM chuM ke Apa saunA sadbhAvano vaLato pratyuttara huM 'jaina yuga", "AtmAnaMda prakAza', 'jaina dharma prakAza' "jaina". kyAre ne kevI rIte ApI zakIza? sanAtana jaina', 'jaina satya prakAza', "jaina rinyU', "jaina sAhitya atyAre to punaH Apa sauno AbhAra mAnI aTakuM chuM. saMzodhaka', 'jaina hitaiSI' jevAM sAmayikomAM eka kALe sAhityika, dhanyavAda! saMzodhanAtmaka, caritrAtmaka, aitihAsika lakhANo ane prAcIna kAntibhAI bI. zAha madhyakAlIna kRtionAM saMpAdano prakAzita thatAM. A lakhANomAM abhyAsasajjatA, sAMprata pravAhonuM pratibiMba, rASTrIya dRSTikoNa, taMtrI lekha khUba gamyo, abhinaMdana, zrAvaka, kaSAya ane udAratAvAda ane UhApohano paNa emAM samAveza thato. mohanalAla zramaNa viSe TUMkamAM jANavA maLyuM. oNgasTa aMka 'penTIMga kaLA' dalIcaMda desAI, paramANaMdabhAI kApaDiyA, motIcaMda kApaDiyA, viSe pratika karI rahyAM che, te jANIne AnaMda thayo. 'paryuSaNa' e vADIlAla mo. zAha jevAonuM A patrakAritva kSetre je pradAna rahyuM ApaNo vizeSa avasara gaNAya. tenuM saMpAdana zrI ramezabhAI che e ApaNe mATe uttama preraNApatha banI rahe ema che. emAMye bApAlAla zAha karI rahyA che, te jANIne AnaMda thayo Akhare to mohanalAla desAIe 1912thI 1919 sudhI heralDa'nuM ane ApaNe saue jIvanane raMgIna ane saMgIna banAvavAnuM rahe che. e pachI navA svarUpe 1925 thI 1930 sudhI 'jaina yuga'nuM je rIte dizAmAM, ApaNAM pUrva jo je kArya karI gayA che, tene anujo dvArA taMtrIpada saMbhALyuM che ene to prItiyajJa' ja kahevo paDe. paryuSaNa apanAvavAnuM A eka suMdara kArya thaze. vizeSAMka mATe emaNe vidvAnone lekha taiyAra karavA 207 viSayonI jyAre jaLa darpaNa jevuM sthira hoya tyAre ja e caMdrane joI lekhaci taiyAra karelI. emanI vicAraNA keTalA bRhad vyApamAM zake. jhIlI zake suMdara vAkya che. ahIM manane jaLanI upamA thatI te vAMcIne Azcaryacakita thaI javAya che. enA keTalAka ApavAmAM AvI che. ApaNe saue aMtamukhI thaIne bhItaramAM namanA ApuM chuM. te sAMbhaLo : 'zrImad zaMkarAcArya ane jeno', ubharavAnI jarUra ubhI thaI che. 'sarasvatIcaMdramAM jaina saMbaMdhe ullekho', 'jainonI vivAhapaddhati', upaddhati : zyAma sAdhunuM citra khUba gamyuM. 'bhItaranA sahakvAsanI thAma LyA jata paryuSaNa bhogaLavAsI daIne, sAva amasto sUrajanI paMcAta kare che keTalI vyAkhyAnamALAmAM mohanabhAIe ATheka vyAkhyAno ApelAM e saMdara paMkti che? 'mA' viSenAM lekho paNa AkarSaka rahyA. nimiSaH emanI lekhasuci phaMphosatAM mane maLI AvyuM che. emAMnA keTalAka viziSa. vALA to hema vicArI gayo. mArAM temane ati nimiSaH hemaMta vALA to lekha vicArI gayo, mArAM temane abhinaMdana. viSayo juo : 'akabara ane jahAMgIranA darabAramAM jaino', "jaina tAjetaramAM mane satyanArAyaNa maMdIra TrasTa taraphathI Life Time dharmanAM parivartano ane pariNAmo', 'svAmI vivekAnaMdanA preraNAprada Achievement Award pU. bhAIzrI ramezabhAI ojhAne haste vicAro', 'adhyAtmI zrI AnaMdaghana ane zrI yazovijaya'. maLyo che. te jANakhAtara ame kula 35 vyaktio hatA ke jeNe mitro, mAro madhyakAlIna jaina sAhitya vizeno vidyAvyAsaMga samAjane uMce lAvavA badala A eNvorDa meLavavA pAtra thayA hatA. ghaNuM kharuM kolejakALanI nivRtti pachInA samayamAM rahyo che. ela.DI. kalarava saMsthAnA pramukha surekhAbena zAha uparAMta bIjA saMsthAo InsTiTyuTa opha inDolojInA tatkAlIna DAyarekTara DaoN. nagIna paNa temAM joDAI hatI. jI. zAhe mane bolAvIne mArA hAthamAM sthUlibhadra-kozA viSayaka harajIvana thAnakI apragaTa kRti 'guNaratnAkara chaMda'nI hastaprata soMpI. vidyAkIya sItArAma nagara, porabaMdara kSetre mAruM e mukhya 'TarniMga poInTa' banyuM. prA. jayaMta koThArI mArA mArgadarzaka banyA. AcAryazrI pradyumnasUrijI ane AcAryazrI bhArata vizvagurU jJAnamAM che ja... 'bhAratamAM vizvagurU hatA, zIlacaMdrasUrijI mArA saMzodhanakAryamAM preraNA ane mArgadarzana ApatA vizvagurU rahe roja.... bhAratamAM je jJAna bhAratamAM je saMzodhana che rahyA. DaoN. kumArapALa desAI mane hastapratavidyAnA vargomAM ane ke te duniyAmAM jJAna Ape che ja, tethI ja jIvanarUpI jJAna satasAhitya jaina enasAyaklopIDiyAnAM adhikaraNonAM kAmomAM jotaratA rahyA che jIvanarUpI jJAna Ape che. che. A sau mahAnubhAvo ane mahAtmAono paNa hRdayathI RNa mane gamatAM prabuddha jIvanamAM jo hoya mAro aMtima patra svIkAra karuM chuM. pAritoSiko-evorDo maLyAM che, paNa jIvanamAM to... tathA pustaka samIkSA pustako kevA kevA navA bahAra paDyA evA kazA mAna-akarAmanI eSaNA-apekSA vinA kevaLa rasarucithI * tenI mAhitI game che. vicAro rUpI jJAna mane khUba game che. eka mArI vidyAkIya pravRtti cAlI che ne eno mane saMtoSa che. oNkTobara- 2018) prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha) (205

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saMzodhaka, nAno kavi, lekhaka chuM, vAcaka chuM tyAre prabuddha jIvana hetu che jyAre asavRtti saMsAra-paribhramaNanuM kAraNa che ATalo dareka aMka saMgrahAlaya rUpa che jIvanamAM jJAna Ape che. viveka rAkhI mAnava jIvo savRttie jIvatA thAya to samyaka darzana jIvanamAM jJAna maLe to tarI javAya, - samyakajJAna sahajamAM pragaTa thaI zake tevuM che. mATe ja to jJAnI jIvanamAM pyAra maLe to tarI javAya...'' purUSoe sadAcArane adhyAtmano pAyo-AdhAra mAnyo che. sadAcArano ghaNA samayathI mArA para prabaddha jIvana AvatuM nathI to satvare pAyo saMvRtti che te kahevAnI jarUra rahetI nathI. mArA saranAme mokalAvazo mAro prabaddha jIvana AvatuM hatuM paNa nAnI pustikA ''mULamArga''mAM chelle keTalAka kAvya racanAo have nathI AvatuM to satvare mokalAvazo aMka (sAmayika) gamazeja. che te kyAreka agamya kAraNe preraNA maLatA chellA 8-10 varSamAM lakhAyuM che, nA lakhAyuM nathI, koI adRzya zaktie mArI pAse baLadevabhAI, mu.po. sonAsaNa, jUnI gujarAtI zALAvAsa, lakhAvyuM che. prabhu kRpA ApazrInI sucanAthI A sAthe mAro eka tA. prAMtija, ji. sAbarakAMThA, 3832 10. lekha "yAtrA-rAgI jIvItarAgI'' mokaluM chuM. Apane yogya lAge to prasidhdhi ApavAmAM harakata nathI. na lAge to mane kSobhanuM kAraNa paNa nathI, eTalI kSamatA prabhukRpAe prApta che. mAruM eka namra sUcana che ke, "prabuddha jIvananA dareka aMkamAM - dara mahine mane prabuddha jIvanano aMka maLe tevI IcchA che to eka sAcI banelI ghaTanA je mAnavatAnA premane vadhAranArI hoya te uparanAM zIranAme mokalI zakAze. lavAjamanI rakama sAtha jaNAvazo Ave te rItanuM A5 karo (evuM mAruM sUcana che) je vargamAM ''prabuddha te mujaba benka khAtAmAM bharI ApIza. 1 varSanuM lavAjama tathA jIvana'' vaMcAya che. te vargamAM haLavI vArtAo mAraphate mAnavatAnA TapAla kharca je thAya te jaNAvavA vinaMtI che. mUlyo vadhe evI enI asara hoya, ane vidyArthIomAM te khAsa vaMcAtu thAya te mATe AvI vArtAo bahu madadarUpa thaze. prabuddha Apane AtmasamAdhi rahe tevI bhAvanA saha dhanyavAda madhubhAI pArekha jIvanamAM eka nAnakaDI vinaMtI mUkazo to tamane AvI vArtAo 30, zrImada pArka, resakorsa rIMga roDa, rAjakoTa-360001. mokalanArA ghaNAM vAMcako maLaze evI mane khAtarI che. mo.9427963060 A eTalA mATe lakhuM chuM ke, "bhUmiputra'' jevuM bhUdAna AMdolanamAM zarU thayeluM eka sAmAyika paNa potAnA dareka aMkamAM sAdara namaskAra, AzA che ke Apa kuzaLa hazo. eka vArtA Ape che eTale pU. vinobAjInA ke anya bhUdAna kAryakartAonA pravacano ke temanA sUcano e vaMcAya che. tema zrI paramANaMdabhAI kApaDiyA, zrI cImanalAlabhAI cakubhAI ''bhUmiputra''mAM eka vakhate haMmezA eka vArtA chApatA. temanI zAha, DA. zrI zAha, DaoN. zrI ramaNalAlabhAI zAha tathA DaoN. zrI dhanavaMtabhAI vArtAonA graMtho paNa thayA che. tame e pravAhane AgaLa vadhAro Sii zAha jevA ati samartha ane pratibhAzALI pUrvataMtrIoe jenuM evI mArI vinaMtI che. saMvardhana karyuM che evA eka bahumulya ane pratiSThita sAmAyika prabuddha sUryakAnta parIkha, svAtaMtrya senAnI jIvananA Apa ATalI nAnI vaye saphaLa yuvAtaMtrI banyA cho ane zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMghanI bhavya paraMparAone saphaLatApUrvaka ane ha ullAsathI AgaLa dhapAvI rahyA cho e badala Apa abhinaMdananA " "prabuddha jIvana''no aMka juna 18 no vAMcyo. Apano lekha adhikArI cho. (meM atre mAtra cAra bhUtapUrva maMtrIonA nAmono ja taMtrI sthAnenI, samyaka darzana viSayano vAMcI AnaMda sAthe saMtoSa ullekha karyo che kAraNa ke A cAra mahAnubhavonA paricayamAM anubhavyo. je saraLa-sAdI zailIthI viSaya raju karyo che tethI viSaya AvavAnuM saubhAgya mane sAMpaDyuM hatuM.). gahana nathI paNa saraLa che tevI pratIti thAya tevI rajuAta che. ATheka varasa agAu prAyojela gamatAno gulAla tathA vicAronA Rtu badalAI che, paNa vRtti badalAI ke nahIM?'' te vAMcatA eka AdAnapradAna karavA mATenI patrazreNInA patro bahoLA janasamudAya vicAra zabda pheravI Avyo "rIti badalAI paNa vRtti badalAI?'' sudhI pahoMce ane tene vizALa maMca sAMpaDe evA zubha Azaye Ape kALanA pravAha sAthe mAnava jIvonI rIta-bhAta bhale badalAI A patrazreNInA patra kramAMka 38ne prabuddhajIvananA saTeMbara, paraMtu sAthe vRttio badalAya che ke nahIM, te tapAsatA rahevuM jarUrI 2018nA aMkamAM sthAna ApyuM e badala huM Apano hRdayapUrvaka lAge che. sad-asad banne vRttio mAnava jIvomAM sahaja jovAmAM AbhAra mAnuM chuM. patra kramAMka 38 prabuddhajIvananA saTeMbara, Ave che. paraMtu A be prakAra vacceno bheda bahu thoDA lokonAM 2018nA aMkamAM sthAna pAmyuM e pachI keTalAya nAmI-anAmI lakSamAM hoya che. paramArtha dRSTie jotA sad vRtti e AtmakalyANano sajjano tathA sAdhu bhagavaMtoe A patrazreNI vize vadhAre mAhitI 206) satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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meLavavA mATe saMparka karyo hato je ullekhanIya che. prArthIe paramane, ApaNane saune navI UrjA-zakti bakSI e - zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMghanI prakAzita zrata paraMparAmAM vadhu ja abhyarthanA saha. umeraNa karavA Apa AvAranavAra vividha vizeSAMkonuM prakAzana hasamukha zAha karIne vadhAre ne vadhAre saMgrahavAlAyaka sAhityanuM sarjana tathA zratajJAnanI ArAdhanA karI rahyA cho e paNa anumodanIya che. Do sejalabena zAhe ogasTa 2018 aMkanI javAbadArI zrI hRdayamAM udbhavatA bhAvone kAgaLa upara zabdadeha ApavAmAM ramezabhAI bApAlAla zAha ne soMpIne mahatvapUrNa uttama kArya karyuM sAmarthya bakSanAra jJAnanI adhiSThAtA devI mAtA sarasvatInI asIma che. AnA lIdhe teonI face value vadhI che. chaThThI sensane kRpA ApanA upara avirata varassA kare evI zubhecchAo sAthe ujAgara karIne bhavya aMka batAvela che. aMkane jotAja, mukhamAMthI viramuM chuM. udgAra sarI uThe che ke atisuMdara DaoN. sejalabenanI kalA pArakhu jAdavajI kAnajI vorA draSTI dAda mAgIlya. ha prabuddha jIvananI tavArIkhamA, prathama vakhata kalaraphUla citro sAthe, citro ne vAcA ApIne bhAtIgaLa bhASA ApanAra zrI zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha yojita 84 mI paryuSaNa vyAkhyAnamALA ramezabhAI bApAlAla zAhe kamAla karI che. saMgrahAlayamAM kAyamI para sneha saMmelana vakhate Apelo pratibhAva. sthAna pAme tevo aMka banyo che. kharekhara, vizeSAMka eka vizeSa paryuSaNa vyAkhyAnamALAne 84 varSa thayA ane sane 1929mAM aMka banyo che. sthapAyela saMgha 90mAM varSamAM praveza karaze. saMghano saMsthAno eka DaoN, abhaya dozIe prazno nA je javAbo ApyA che te temanI bhAtIgaLa, ItihAsa che. A varSa utsavanuM sImAcihna varSa che. uMDI samajaNa. uMDo abhyAsa ane uMDI mAhItIsabhara nI pratItI pUrogAmI pUrvajone vaMdana RNa svIkAre. karAve che. kharekhara, dhanyavAdane pAtra che. 84mI vyAkhyAnamALA 84 lAkha yonimAM bhaTakatA AtmAne DaoN. kamArapALa desAIe tathA bhAratIbena bI. zAha, jaina Urdhva dizA navI UMcAI bakSI che. ApaNA saunA AtmAne vadhu kalAne khUbaja sarasa rIte chaNAvaTa karI che je teonI dhanyatAne prabuddha. mokSa tarapha gati mAMDatA karyo che. vyAkhyatA pAtra banI che. chAyAbananA 'pratikramaNanA sUtrArtha' 'thI kumAra ceTarajInA'' sUtra navA sAhItyakAro jevA ke nisarga AhIra, bhAratI dipaka rahasyo - bhagavAna zrI pArzvanAthe thI pAyathAgorasamAM sudhInI mahetA. sI. narena, DaoN. thaoNmasa paramAra, tathA anyoe yogya Atma ujAgara karatI jAta -yAtrA karI. bhUtaLathI Tocazikhara citrakalAnuM sanmAna karIne javAbadArI pUrI pADe che. sonalabena sudhInI A jJAnayAtrA ApaNA saunA dilo-dimAgane jhaMkRta karI parIkha - gAMdhI vAMcanayAtrA, eka prerakayAtrA banI. gaI. bhIMtarane bhIMjavI gaI. vyAkhyAtA ane temanA viSayane 45 aMtamAM, sarvAgI rIte, suMdara tathA mAhItIsabhara aMka banyo minITamAM nyAya ApavAnuM adharuM paDatuM hatuM. teonA gahana parAmarzana che. DaoN. sejalabena zAhane aMtaranA AzIrvAda sAthe. prabuddha jIvanamAM pragaTa karavA ghaTe? zrImati bhAratIbena mahetAnuM rajanIkAMta cImanalAla gAMdhI 'jaina zramaNIonuM yazasvI prayatna'' vyAkhyAna keTaluM mAhitIpUrNa ploTa 112, bloka 3, zAMtI sadana, hatuM! evuM ja zrI surezabhAI gAlAnuM "jaina AcAryonuM yogadAna'' jaina sosAyaTI pAse, sAyana (vesTa), muMbaI - 4OOO22. paNa mAhitIpUrNa hatuM. parama pUjya morArI bApunuM rASTrIya ekatA mo. 9867425025 dharma mArge'' vyAkhyAna carama zikhare hatuM. suMdara jJAnavardhaka vyAkhyAno suMdara sUrInuM bhakti saMgIta ane ramajhAnabhAI, sejalabena, AdaraNIya maMtrIzrI, huM chellA ghaNA varSothI prabuddha jIvanano bhAratIbenanuM saMcAlana uttama hatuM. badhA ja vyAkhyAno jJAnaprada. vAcaka che. hAlamAM tame je navI rIte sAmagrI muko cho, te game che. cetanAne jagADanArA rahyA. praphullAbenanA zAMtipIThathI pUrNA A vakhate jaina rAmAyaNa vizeno lekha baha sAro rahyo. ghaNI pUrNAhutithI zAMtatAnA spaMdano sAthe ApaNe sau vikhuTA paDyA. mAhitI maLI. AvA vadhu lekha maLe to sAruM. nareza vedanI Aje yuvaka saMgha eka parivAra banI kAryarata che. saMghanuM 90muM lekhamALA paNa sarasa hoya che. mane pustaka vizeno vibhAga paNa sImAcihna varSa che. navA AyAma utsAha sAthe A varSa ujavavAnI game che. aMtima patra koI rAjakAraNanI vyakti lakhe to kevo hoya tamannA che. sau sAthe maLI saMghane navI UMcAIe laI jaIe e e jANavAnI IcchA che. ja AzA saha. jayendra zAha, amadAvAda oNkaTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (satya-ahiMsA-aparigraha 2017

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zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMghane maLela anudAnanI yAdI - janarala Donezana rUpiyA nAma 1,O,O)- onavarDa phAunDezana (hareza mehatA) 51,O/- eca.DI.itrI 21,OO|- amola kepITala mArkeTa prAIveTa lImITeDa 15,OOO- kalA TI. saMghavI 10,OO|- ajIta coksI 10,OO- ramA jayasukhalAla vorA 10,000/- caMdrakAMta khaMDerIyA 10,CO/- zrImatI nirmalA esa. zAha 10,OOO/- je. ke. zAha enDa kaM. 8,OO- zrI dilIpabhAI ema. zAha 7,OO- maphatalAla bhIkhAcaMdra phAunaDezana 5,5CO/- zrI caMdrakAMtabhAI DI. zAha 5,OO- DaoN. sejalabena zAha 5,OO|- ramA vI. mehatA 5,OO- zAMtIlAla mehatA cerITebala TrasTa 5,OO/- zrImatI yogInIbena zeTha 5,OO|- prabhAta TI enDa TeksaTAila ko. prAI. lI. 5,OOO/- pravINabhAI ane uSAbena zAha 5,CO/- yatIna kAMtIlAla javerI 5,OOO- dInA jItendra vorA paOO|- uSA DI. zAha 3,01/- zrI vADIlAla esa. gAMdhI cerITebala TrasTa 3,000/- zrImatI pratImAM cakvatI 3,OO)- bhAratIbena dilIpabhAI zAha 2,5OO- prema kumArI devacaMda ravajI gAlA 2,OO- indravadana sI. zAha 2,O/- zrImatI uSAbena ramezabhAI javerI 1,5OO- prakAza DI. zAha 1,5O/- paulAnI pI. zAha 1,5OO- atulabhAI zAha 1,010/- eka bahena taraphathI 1,OO- zrImatI puSpAbena surezabhAI bhaMsAlI 1,CO/- kiraNa ke. gAMdhI 1,OO|- sudhAbena saMtabhAI jhaverI 1,OO)- eka bahena taraphathI paCO- azoka doSI 3,28,011 jamanAdAsa hAthibhAI anAja rAhata phaMDa 10,OO|- AyAna paTela 10,0/- indirA sureza sonAvAlA 6,OOO/- dipAlI esa. mehatA 5,O/- AzISa dilIpa kAkAbalIyA 5,CO/- hemalatA khaMDerIyA 2,OOO/- arUNAbena mulacaMda zAha 1,1O)- eka bahena taraphathI - 39,100/ - kizora TimbaDIyA keLavaNI phaMDa | 10,O'- hitAkSI pATIla 5,CO/- AzISa dilIpa kAkAbalIyA 5,OOO/- hemalatA khaMDeriyA 20,000/ bhAnu ceriTI TrasTa anAja rAhata phaMDa 4,OOO/- saMjaya mehatA 2,0/- zrImatI sudhAbena paTela (hasteH uSAbena pI. zAha) 2,0/- misa devAMzI paTela (hastaH uSAbena pI. zAha) 1,OOO/- misa zIvAnI paTela (hastaH uSAbena pI. zAha) 9,000/ prabuddha jIvana nIdhi phaMDa 5,OO|- ajIta cokazI paOO|- yatIna kAtIlAla jhaverI 3,OOO/- varSA Ara. zAha 13,OOO ( jaLakrAMti TrasTa mATe saMghanA upakrame 2018nI 84mI paryuSaNa vyAkhyAnamALA daramiyAna jaLakrAMti TrasTa, rAjakoTane Arthika sahAya karavAnuM TharAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. amone jaNAvatA AnaMda thAya che ke rUA. 32 lAkha jevI mAtabara rakama prApta thaI cukI che. haju dAnano pravAha vahevAno cAlu che. dAtAonA amo RNI chIe. vizeSa yAdI AvatA aMke. jaLakrAMtI TrasTa, 5,00,00/- zrI piyuSabhAI koThArI 2,01,CO/- tRptI yu. emAstara 2,00,00/- jItendra bhaMsAlI 1,25,OO|- zrImatI nIlamabena bipInacaMdra jaina (nAnI khAkhara vALA) 1,25,OO- gulAbacaMda karamacaMda zAha 1,O,O|- dIvAlIbena mohanalAla mehatA cerITebala TrasTa (haste: azvinabhAI ema. mehatA) 1,00,OO|- rAhula caMdrakAMta mehatA 1,00,- sevaMtIlAla kAntilAla TrasTa 1,O,CO|- ona varDa phAunaDezana (hareza mehatA) pa1,OO)- varSA Ara. zAha ane phemIlI 51,OOO/- karnikabhAI kAMtilAla parIkha 50,O|- zAMtIlAla ujamazrIbAI enDa sansa cerITI TrasTa 50,OO|- zrI dinezabhAI zAha ane phemIlI 49,CO/- zrI nItinabhAI sonAvAlA ane phemIlI 208) (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdha zatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkaTobara- 2018

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49,0OO)- ArA mehatA 10,O|- indirA sureza sonAvAlA 49,OO)- mIra mehatA 10,OO)- ilAbena caMpaklAla modI 31,OO- zrI caMdrakAMtabhAI DI. zAha 10,OO)- pravINabhAI ane uSAbena zAha 30,OO|- zreyasa pracAraka sabhA 10,/- DaoN. pradIpa Ara. parIkha 28,OO)- prabhAta TI enDa TeksaTAIla ko. prAI.lI. 10,OO|- mesarsa lakSmI masAlA ke. 25,CO/- zrI dhIrena sevaMtIlAla zAha 10,SO/- zrI navIna dAmajI zAha 25,CO/- zrImatI lIlAdevI manoharamala saMghavI 10,0/- saMghavI snehala tArAcaMda 25,O|- mesarsa vipula TUlsa senTara 10,OO- zrImatI nIramalA esa. zAha (hastaH bhupendra sanAlAla zAha) 10,CO/- zrI dilipabhAI ema. zAha 21,OO- bhAratI bharata pArekha 10,OO|- zakuntalA ema. zAha 21,OO/- zrImatI bhAvanA paMkaja visarIyA 10,000/- ratanacaMdra bhogIlAla pArekha 21,OO- arUNakumAra umedacaMda saMghavI 10,OOO- zAha cimanalAla popaTalAla TrasTa 21,CO/- zaramIbena pravINabhAI bhaNasAlI 8,OO|- amIlAla gulAbacaMda zAha 21,CO/- zAMtIlAla mehatA cerITebala TrasTa 7,500/- caMdulAla gAMgajI phemavAlA 21,O|- amola kepiTala mArkeTa pAIveTa lImITeDa 7,5OO- zrI khImajI hemarAja cheDA memorIyala TrasTa 21,SO/- kezavalAla kilAcaMdra cerITebala TrasTa (haste: pannAlAla cheDA) 21,O)- mesarsa cempiyana TreDarsa (hasteH deveza zAha) 7, 101- zazIkAMta maNIlAla mehatA 20,OOO/- arUNabhAI zAha 7,OOO/- mahendra e. saMghavI 20,0/- zrI umaMgabhAI zAha ane phemIlI 7,OOO/- razIlA pArekha 15,CO/- caMdrakAMta khaMDeriyA 7,OO- ratIlAla odhavajI gohila cerITebala TrasTa 15,OO/- hemalatA khaMDeriyA 7,OO)- saMtokabA jeThAlAla desAI cerITebala TrasTa 15,OO/- kumuda harSada zeTha 7,000/- taruNA vipIna zAha 15,OOO/- zrI vi. sI. zAha 7,OO|- madhusudana sI. parIkha cerITebala TrasTa 15,O- zrImatI sonala rumI mehatA 7,OOO- rasIlA dilIpa kAkAbalIyA 15,CO/- e.pI.zeTha cerITebala TrasTa 7,OO|- maheza pI. zAha 14,01- khuzAlacaMda esa. gaDA 7,OO|- surekhA nareza zAha 14,OO'- devacaMda gelAbhAI zAha 7,CO/- arcanAbena ke. zAha 14,OO|- eca.DI.inDasTrIjha 7,OO- saMjaya mehatA 14,CO- matalAla bhIkhAcaMda phAunDezana 7,OO- DaoN. kAMtIlAla ke. zAha 14,OO- dipAlI esa. mehatA 7,OO- saralA kAntilAla zAha 14,OO- suzIlA ane niraMjanabhAI bhaNasAlI 7,CO- jyotI esa. dozI 14,OO- vasapura mila, 7,OO- zrImatI pratImA cakravatI 11,OO- prakAza zAMtIlAla dozI 7,0OO- zrI sAgara mehatA 11,OO|- alkA paMkaja khArA 7,OOO/- nIti enTaraprAIsa 11,OO|- nagIna pI. zeTha (hasteH jyotsanAbena guNavaMtabhAI zAha) 11,OO|- tRptI caMdrakAMta nirmala (haste rohana anokhI) 7,CO/- zrI nItina kuvADiyA 7,CO|- DaoN. hemaMta eca. kuvADiyA 11,000/- dhaneza ratIlAla zAha 11,OOO/- suvarNA sureza mehatA 7,0/- zrI kunala ema. saMgAI 11, 0/- je.ke.zAha enDa kaM. 7,CO/- zrImatI harSA vikrama zAha 11,OOO/- mAtuzrI ratanabAI cerITI TrasTa (haste 7,OO- zrI vikrama Ara. zAha mAtuzrI lakhamazI gelAbhAI sAvalA parivAra) 7,OO- ke.esa.javerI enDa kaMpanI 11,OO- zAMtibhAI gosara 7,OOO/- rUpA sAvaMta 10,OO|- rameza pI. mehatA 7,CO/- polIthIna prinTIMga enDa sIlIMga varka 10,OO- pannAlAla Ara. zAha 7,OOO/- zrI vADIlAla esa. gAMdhI cerITebala TrasTa 10,OO|- zrImatI nIraMjanA mahendra zAha 7,CO- bhAIcaMdra mehatA phAunDezana 10,OO|- zrImatI arUNA e. coksI 7,OO - zilpA je. mehatA phAunDezana 10,OO|- ramA vI. mehatA 7,OOO/- bhAIcaMdra ema. mehatA cerITebala TrasTa (oNkTobara- 2018) prabuddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha) (2009)

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7,OOO/- harasukha bI. mehatA cerITebala TrasTa 7,/- jyotsanAbena mahendra zAha 7,CO/- rasIkalAla choTAlAla zAha (hastaH zarada zAha) 7,OO- sarasvatIbena rasIkalAla zAha (hasteH zarada zAha) 7,OO- bAbubhAI choTAlAla zAha (haste: haMsAbena zAha) 7,000/- parItA zAha 7,OOO- vinoda je. vasA 5,1OO - zrImatI javerabena popaTalAla sonI (pUjya mAtuzrI maNIbena premajI sonInA smaraNArthe) 5,001/- sva. vijayAbena ane sva. durlabhapabhAI umedacaMda parIkhanA smaraNArthe (haste: durgAbena parIkha) 5,OOO/- amIza enTaraprAIjha (hasteH bhAratIbena bI. zAha) 5,OOO/- DaoN. sejalabena zAha 5,OO|- raMjanabena mahAsukhabhAI zAha 5,O/- gulAbadAsa enDa kaM. 5,O|- ramA jayasukhalAla vorA 5,OOO/- zrImatI yogInIbena zeTha 5,OO|- nirmalA zeTha (haste zeTha enDa sansa) 5,OOO- navIna manIyAra 5,OO- tArAbena ema. zAha cerITebala TrasTa (hastaH puSpAbena parIkha) 5,OO|- zrI praphulabhAI gAMdhI 5,OO- sI. enDa rIkyuTa inDiyA prA. li. 5,OOO- aruNA dilIpa solaMkI 5,OO- dInA jItendra vorA paOO|- maMju avanI mehatA 5,OO- sAdhanA TrasTa 5,0OO- nirmalA vinoda zAha 5,OO- ramezacaMdra je. zAha 5,OO - uSA DI. zAha 5,OO|- dilIpa somacaMda zAha 3,501/- zrI kAMtilAla apu zAha 3,OO- zarmIlAbena pravINabhAI bhaMsAlI 3,CO|- jyotsanA ema. mehatA 2,5O- ema.esa.esa. sikyurITI prA. li. 2,OO- kalpanA ema. zAha 2,OOO- jamanAdAsa DI. zAha 2,OO- mIlana je. zAha 2,OOO- kAntAbena je. zAha 2,OO- rUSabha eca. zAha 2,OO|- amIta pI. zAha 2,000/- ArIyA e. zAha 20OO- prakAza DI. zAha 2,OOO- polonI pI. zAha 2,OOO- manabAI DuMgarasI 2,000/- DuMgarajI velajI 2,OO)- atulabhAI 2,OO/- zrImatI uSAbena ramezabhAI javerI 2,OO- praphulabhAI gAMdhI 2,OO- zrI rameza gAMdhI 2,000/- zrI aMjana DAMgaravAlA 2,CO- zrI indravadana DAMgaravAlA 2,OOO/- alpeza 2,OO/- ajaya mehatA 2CO/- sonala mehatA 2,000/- zarada ke. zeTha 2,0/- praviNAbena zAha 2,CO/- devakAbena jesaMga rAmbIyA 2,OO- pallavI jayaMtI rAmbhIyA 2,OOO- jayaMtI jesaMga rAmbhIyA 2,000/- kuza kutIna zAha 2,OOO - krIza kutIna zAha 2,OO'- harIlAla tArAcaMda 2,OOO- pravINabhAI zAha 2,OO|- bhAvanAbena mehatA 1,6O/- parva prazAMta zAha 1,5O/- zrImatI puSpAbena surezabhAI bhaNasAlI 1,paOO|- jyotibena zAha 1, 1OO|- zrI indravadanabhAI 1,OOO- harizrI zarmilA 1,OOO- jagadiza ema. javerI 1,OO- rITAbena zrI kumAra dhAmI 1,OO - kalyANI jIvI rAha 1,OO|- jayAbena 1,OOO/- bIjala 1,O- virAja mehatA 1,OOO- aruza pratIka zAha 1,OO- vI.ena.saMghavI paOO|- choTAlAla maganalAla zAha paCO/- kanakabena mehatA paOO|- azoka dozI 32,04,404 | saMgha navA AjIvana sabhya 5,OO- aruNAbena mulacaMda zAha 5,OO|- vidhuta je. zAha 5,OO- paMkaja cImanalAla zAha 5,OOO- DaoN. hemaMta hasamukha kApaDIyA 5,OO- bhupendra sanAlAla zAha 25,OO 210 ) (satya-ahiMsA- aparigraha prabaddha jIvana : gAMdhI sArdhazatAbdI vizeSAMka (oNkTobara- 2018

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ta: his, g- 1 kA che. mArI pa.epI na laI 5mo neno pA ne ja poga na ka pe 6 26 mA koja nANupta tA pe 2. je jaDe.tA ne 8 ka2nA doSa jo jai na hai". nArI takkha baMdha 2 mi che jenuM 3 laI vADebadhuM ane tenA bATAnuM 82 - mara! eir na, luM che. je ne badalAnI uMmara dareka relo , magbA ja sApta homa no C/ila che nIme bannenI mAphI mAgaH je jI 6 , varuM homa ke , che mane chen 4 5 3 noDadA pa ] mAre jaleNa dag bane. aA phaNa nukyuM che khyAreka tamanA 41 devanuM ka rasa mane kha. 3yuM che. je + de mApha 5 kamare 8 phee: x x 26 enI mana . 23, napI. paLa ke 25 baMdha rka no. A mArIne mAna tane ke jenA 62 nAM mAra mAga kare e bahuM vadhAre sA re che. (bApuno patra harilAla gAMdhIne) 'ApaNe badhAne mitra gaNIne kAM na varatIye? khAsa mitrATArImAMthI kaDavAza paNa thAya, paNa padhAne mitra gaNIye to jIvana nitya rasika rahe.'' - yaravaDA maMdira 11.5.32 Maa To badhAne anamitin vatI yaf Mi Aii vAtImah 1512 ma dhAma. mahera baMdhane majA gaNI to khUna INAR.. 11 ", M 9 (saujanya : mAruM jIvana eja mArI vANI) A aMkanuM saujanya rUpiyA 80.00. prabuddha jIvana oNkTobara - 2018 21 1.

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To, Registered with registar of Newspaper under RNI No. MAHBIL/2013/50453 - Postal Registration No. MCS/147/2016-18. WPP Licence No. MR/TECH/WPP-36/SOUTH/2018. & Published on 16th of Every Month & Posted on 16th of every month at Patrika Channel Sorting Office, Mumbai - 400 001. PAGE NO. 212 PRABUDHH JEEVAN OCTOBER 2018 jo hoya mAro aMtima patra to... medhAvinI dhIrendra mahetA huM ane mArA pati jIvanasaritAne chelle bALakomAM karavuM joIe. jo mAtA-pitAnAM jarUrI che. jo A maitrI nisvArtha hoya to enAM Are beThAM chIe. Aja sudhI ame svajano potAnA jIvanamAM ja vinaya, viveka ane mULiyAM ghaNAM ja UMDA hoya che, sUkAM pAnanI ane snehIone aneka patro lakhyA che. paraMtu anya saMskAro vaNAyelA haze, to emanAM jema e kharI nathI paDatI. jo A samaja ane have jaipha umare ame patro lakhI zakatAM nathI. saMtAnomAM paNa e saMskAro utaraze. valaNa hoya to varSo sudhI eno AnaMda laI vaLI, phona ane pheksanA jamAnAmAM have patra zrIkRSNa bhagavAne zrImada bhagavada- zakAya che. pahelA mANase potAnA sAcA mitra lakhavAnI jarUriyAta ja kyAM rahI che? gItAmAM ApaNane A aMgeno bodha Apyo thavuM joIe ane pachI maitrInA sAcA DhALAmAM paraMtu 'prabuddha jIvana jevuM sAmAyika hara ja che. e bodhanuM manana karI ApaNe potAnI jAta DhALavI joIe. ekabIjAnAM mahine enA chellA pRSTha upara 'jo A mAro ApaNA jIvanamAM ene vaNI laIne potAnA prema ane manokAmanAne samajavAM joIe. aMtima patra hoya to' e zIrSaka heThaLa koIne AcaraNamAM utAravo joIe. ApaNe ekabIjAmAM vizvAsa hovo bahu jarUrI che. e koIno patra chApe che ane enA vaDe eka samajavAnuM e che ke 'Birth is not the mATe dareke potAnA acetana manane jAgatuM saMdezo Ape che. emAMya vaLI A sAmAyika begining of life and death is not rAkhavuM joIe. the end. That is not the single gAMdhIjInI sArdhazatAbdI nimitte okTobara 1012 chapter in life.' saMbaMdhamAM sacAI ane nikhAlasatAnI mAsano aMka gAMdhIvizeSAMka tarIke pragaTa karI AjanA bALakone emanA jIvanamAM A AvazyakatA hoya che. svArthanA saMbaMdho lAMbo rahyuM che ane mane ane mArA patine emAM kazuMka mahattvanI samaja nathI maLatI eTale sAcuM zuM samaya TakatA nathI. lakhavAnuM nimaMtraNa ApyuM che, tethI mArA ane khoTuM zuM teno viveka teo karI zakatAM What is life? We Should not patie kIrtimaMdira vize lekha karI Apyo che nathI. jo mAtApitAe emane vinaya-viveka making well of tears. jiMdagI AMsuno ane huM A patra lakhI mokaluM chuM. AgAra na bane eTalA mATe ja bhAvanAnI jevA saMskAro ApyA haze ane bALako e - pUjya mahAtmA gAMdhIe lakhyuM che ke, AtmasAta karI zakyA haze, to ja potAnA saccAI tathA sAcA ane sArA saMskAronI 'Meditation and exclusive things, like jIvanamAM eno upayoga teo samaya para karI jIvanamAM jarUra che. saMskArothI ja ApaNuM Jewels and pendant to be locked up jIvana ghaDavuM jarUrI che. koIke lakhyuM che ke, dAna in safe. But the other things depend 2$21. vinAnI dolata e jIva vinAno deha che, tema on us. It is for our health.' 24142 - bIjuM, maitrI e manuSyanA jIvananuM moTuM emanA jIvanane vAMcIe ane samajIe to lakSya (mission) che. maitrI e manuSyanI mane kahevAnuM mana thAya che ke saMskAra vinAnuM 15 jIvana kyAreya mANasane mahAmAnava na banAvI tyAga ane sahanazakti zuM cIja che e moTAmAM moTI mirAta che. paraMtu manuSyamAM ApaNane svAbhAvika rIte samajAya jAya. sAcI maitrI kevI rIte karavI ane emAM svArtha zake. mAtA pUtaLIbAIe gAMdhIjImAM je ne eTale ja pahelAM haraeka mA-bApe mULa na rAkhavo enI keLavaNI sahaja prApta nathI saMskAro siMcyA hatA, te thakI ja e eka gabharu saMskAro zuM che e pote jaNavuM joIe. enAthI thatI. dareke vicArapUrvaka e TakAvI rAkhavAnI ane Darapoka bALakamAMthI mahApuruSa banI potAnA jIvanane samRddha ane sArthaka karyuM hoya sahaja AvaData keLavavI paDe jIvanamAM sAcA zakyA, e udAharaNa ApaNI sAme ja che. to pachI e saMskAronuM siMcana potAnA mitra thavuM ane sAcA mitro meLavavA e bahu Postal Authority : If Undelivered Return To Sender At : 926, Parekh Market, 39, J.S.S. Rd., Opera House, Mumbai -400004 Printed & Published by: Pushpaben Chandrakant Parikh on behalf of Shri Mumbai Jain Yuvak Sangh & Published from 385, SVP Rd., Mumbai - 400004. Tel. 23820296 Printed at Rajesh Printery, 115, Pragati Industrial Estate, 316, N.M.Joshi Marg, Lower Parel (E), Mumbai - 400 011. Tel. 40032496 / 9867540524. Editor : Sejal M. Shah Temporary Add.: 926, Parekh Market, 39, J.S.S.Rd., Kennedy Bridge, Opera House, Mumbai -400004.