Anekant 1976 Book 29 Ank 01 to 04

Author(s): Gokulprasad Jain
Publisher: Veer Seva Mandir Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/538029/1

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traimAsika zodha patrikA anakAnta varSa 26 : kiraNa 1 janavarI-mArca 1976 parAmarza-maNDala : DA. premasAgara jaina, zrI yazapAla jaina sampAdaka: zrI gokulaprasAda jaina ema. e., ela-ela. bI., sAhityaratna vizvadharma ke preraka upAdhyAya mani zrI vidyAnanda prakAzaka vIra sevA mandira, 21, dariyAgaMja, dillI

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| vIra-sevA-mandira ke abhinava prakAzana jaina lakSaNAvalI (dUsarA bhAga) viSaya-sUcI ka0 viSaya 1. paramAtmA kA svarUpa 2. jaina rAsa sAhitya kA durlabha hastalikhita grantha vikrama lIlAvatI caupAI-DA. surendra kumAra mArya, ujjaina 3. devAnAMpriya priyadarzI azokarAja kauna thA ? cira pratIkSita jaina lakSaNAvalI (jaina pAribhASika -DA. satyapAla gupta, ema. e., pI-eca DI., zabdakoza) kA dvitIya bhAga bhI chapa cukA hai / isame lagalakhanaU bhaga 400 jaina granthoM se varNAnukrama ke anasAra lakSaNoM kA 4. hastimalla ke vikrAntakaurava meM prAdi tIrthakara saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| lakSaNo ke sakalana meM pranthakAroM RSabhadeva-zrI bApUlAla prAMjanA, udayapura ke kAlakrama ko mukhyatA dI gaI hai / eka zabda ke antargata 5. mahAvIra kA dharma-dazana : Aja ke sandarbha meM jitane granthoM ke lakSaNa saMgrahIta haiM. unameM se prAya: eka -~-zrI vIrendra kumAra jaina, bambaI 12 prAcInatama grantha ke anusAra pratyeka zabda ke anta meM 6. jJAna kI pAvana jyoti bujha gaI hai hindI anuvAda bhI de diyA gayA hai| jahAM vivakSita lakSaNa -zrI kundanalAla jaina, dillI meM kucha bheda yA honAdhikatA dikhI hai vahAM una granthoM ke 7. bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA zramaNa saMskRti nirdeza ke sAtha 2-4 pranthoM ke prAzraya se bhI anuvAda ---zrI rAjamala jaina, naI dillI kiyA gayA hai| isa bhAga meM kevala 'ka se pa' taka lakSaNoM 5. mAlavA ke zAjApura jile kI aprakAzita kA saMkalana kiyA jA sakA hai| thor3e hI samaya meM isakA jana pratimAe~-DA. surendra kumAra Arya, ujjaina 24 tIsarA bhAga bhI pragaTa ho rahA hai| prastuta prantha zodhAthiyoM 6. tIna praprakAzita racanAyeM-zrI kundanalAla ke lie to vizeSa upayogo hai hI, sAtha hI hindI anuvAda jaina, dillI ke rahane se vaha sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie bhI upayogI hai| 10. rayaNasAra : svAdhyAya kI paramparA me dvitIya bhAga bar3a prAkAra meM 418++22 pRSTho kA -DA. devendra kumAra zAstrI, nImaca hai| kAgaja puSTa va jilda kapar3e ko majabUta hai / 11. bhAsa ke zramaNa ka --DA. rAjapurohita malya 25-00 0 hai| yaha pratyeka yUnIvasiTI, sAvaM12. vedo me jaina saskRti ke gUjate svara -zrI jI. mI jana / janika pustakAlaya eva mandiro me sa grahaNIya hai| aise 13. jaina saskRta nATa ko kI kathAvastu : eka vivecana grantha bAra-bAra nahIM chapa skte| samApta ho jAne para - zrI bApUlAla grAMjanA. udayapura phira milanA azakya ho jAtA hai| 14. prAyurveda ke jJAtA jainAcArya jaina lakSaNAvalI (tRtIya bhAga) ---DA. harizcandra jaina, jAmanagara (mudraNAdhIna) 15. tIrya kara mahAvIra - zrI premacanda jaina, zravaka dharma sahitA : zrI dariyAvasiMha sodhiyA 5.00 ema. e, darzanAnAya, jayapura Jain Bibliography 16. gvajarAho ke pAzrvanAtha jaina mandira kA (Universal Encyclopaedia of Jain References) Pp. 2250 zilA vaiva-zrI mArutinandana prasAda tivArI, (Under print) prAjamagaDha sadhyAnazataka hindI TokA-zrI bAlacandra zAstrI 1.00 17. jaina prAcAyoM dvArA saskRta me svatantra gratho prAptisthAna kA praNayana - muni zrI suzIlakumAra vIra sevA mandira, 21 dariyAgaja, 18. jaina maskRti kI samRddha paramparA dillI ---- zrI jayantI prasAda jaina, majaphpharanagara anekAnta kA vArSika mUlya 6) rupayA anekAnta meM prakAzita vicAroM ke lie sampAdaka eka kiraNa kA mUlya 1 rupayA 25 paisA maNDala utta dAyo nahIM hai| --sampAdaka

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mom praham Jnkaal paramAgamasya bIja nibiDajAtyandha sinparavidhAnam / sakalanavilasitAnAM viroSamathanaM namAmyanekAntam // varSa 26 kiraNa 1 vIra-sevA-mandira, 21 dariyAgaMja, dillI-6 vIra-nirvANa saMvat 2502, vi0 saM0 2032 janavarI-mArca / 1976 - paramAtmA kA svarUpa jaha salileNa pa lippaDa kamaliNa-pattaM sahAvapayaDIe / taha bhAveNa Na lippai kasAya-visaehi sppuriso|| -bhAvapAhuma, 154. jaise kamalinIpatra jala meM rahatA humA bhI pAnI se lipta nahIM hotA, usI prakAra zuddha prAtmA ko prApta karanevAlA viSaya-vAsanAmoM meM tathA bhAvoM meM lipta nahIM hotaa| vaha apane vItarAga-svabhAva ko prApta karatA hai| jissesa-dosa-rahimo kevlnnaannaai-prmvibhv-budo| so paramappA ucca taSivarImo paramappA // -niyamasAra, 7. vo sabhI prakAra ke doSoM rahita zuddha, nirmala pAtmA hai paura kevala-jJAna mAdi parama vaibhava se yukta hai, vaha paramAtmA kahA jAtA hai / usase viparIta paramAtmA nahI hai / sa-sarorA parahaMtA kevala-gANeNa muNiya sayalatthA / NANa-sarIrA sikhA samvuttama-sukkha-saMpattA // ___-kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 198. kevala jJAna ke dvArA saba padArthoM ko jAnane vAle, zarIra sahita prahanta aura sarvottama sukha ko prApta karanevAle tathA jJAnamaya zarIravAle siddha paramAtmA hai|

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jaina rAsa sAhitya kA durlama hastalikhita grantha vikrama-lIlAvatI caupAI // DA. surendra kumAra prArya, ujjaina ujjayinI ke prAcIna-racita kAvya, nATaka evaM kathA- sunakara vikramAditya usa rAjya meM pahuMce tathA usa rAjasAhitya meM udayana, vAsavadattA aura vikramAditya aise pAtra kumArI se vivAha kara svadeza lauTa aaye| haiM jina para mAtAndiyoM taka sAhitya sajana calatA rhaa| grantha ke prAraMbha me sarasvatI kI vaMdanA hai aura yaha caMDapradyota (IsA pUrva pAMcavIM zatAbdI) ke kAla se lekara mahatvapUrNa sUcanA dI gaI hai ki jaina mattizilpa meM sarasvatI kavi kAlidAsa taka udayana-vAsavadattA kI kathAe~, una para kI pratimA kina lakSaNoM para nirmita hotI thii| "vINA prabhinIta nATaka aura kAvya avaMtikA ke grAma vaddha sunA pustaka dhAraNI, haMsAsana kavi mAya prAta samaye nita nam mora dekhA karate the| isI prakAra, baitAla, bhataharI, sArada torA pAya / " kaha kara stuti kI gaI hai / tatpazcAt piMgalA aura vikramAditya kI kathAe~ yahAM lokapriya rhii| mAlava veza aura ujjaina kA varNana hai / jambUdvIpa meM bharatA khaNDa aura usameM tIrtha-sthAna ujjaina aura vahAM ke gar3ha, maTha, vikramAditya se sambaddha sAhitya ujjaina ke siMdhiyA mandiroM ke vaibhava kA kAvyAtmaka bhASA me varNana hai :prAcya-vidyA zodha pratiSThAna meM ina durlabha pratiyoM meM surakSita "naMbUdvIpe bharata vizAlA, mAlava veza sadA sukaalaa| hai: (1) vikramasena carita (2) siMhAsana battIsI (3) ujjeNI nagarI gaNe bharI, gar3ha, maTha, mandira devala krii|| siMhAsana battIsI kathAnaka (4) siMhAsana battIsI bakhara sAta bhUmi prasAda uttaMga, toraNa maMDapa sohe sNg| (5) baitAla paMcaviMzati bakhara (6) vikrama lIlAvatI ThAmeM ThAmeM sAhakAra, itara pAna jihAM jaya jayakAra / / caupAI / aMtima grantha mAlavA aura vikrama para aneka sUcanAyeM cAravarga base tiNa puraM, pavana battIsa base baUpare / detA hai| pratiSThAna me isa kathAnaka ko do pratiyA~ hai rAjA vikrama deva prakAra, baMkSasa trisa Upara sAra / jinake nAma kramazaH vikrama-lIlAvatI caupAI (graMtha kramAMka rAjA nita pAle rAjAna, nyAya samaMtraNoM upamAna / 532) tathA vikramAcaritra lIlA caupAI (grantha graMka sabala saubhAga bahuguNa milI, saravIra upakArI bhalI // " 5286) haiN| grantha ke aMta meM kahA gayA hai ki zrIcaMda sUri ke yaha eka jaina rAsa hai jisakI racanA gujarAtI mUlaka ziSya abhaya soma kharatara gaccha ke zrAvaka the| grantha se hindI bhASA meM zrI abhaya soma ne saMvat 1724 meM kI thii| mAlavA kI bhaugolika sthiti, pratimA-lakSaNa aura isa graMtha meM vikramAditya ko paramAra vaMzIya mAnA gayA hai| vikramAditya kA paramAra kAla se sabandha jJAta hotA hai| rAsa kA mukhya kathAnaka yaha hai ki eka bAra jaba vikramA- yaha prati durlabha hai aura prAyaH mere dekhane meM aura kahIM ditya rAtri meM nagara-bhramaNa kara rahe the, unheM kisI nAga- nahIM pAI hai| rika ke ghara se zukasArikA kA yaha saMvAda sunAI diyA 4, dhanvantari mArga, galI na0 4, ki dakSiNa deza ke strI rAjya meM puruSoM se dveSa karane vAlI mAdhava nagara ujjana atyanta lAvaNyamayI rAjakumArI rahatI hai| yaha vArtA (ma.pra.)

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devAnAMpriya priyadarzI azokarAja kauna thA ? DA0 satyapAla gupta, ema. e., pI-eca. DI. lakhanaU sampUrNa bhAratavarSa me vikhare hue bahuta se stambha-lekha bhASaNa meM megAsthanIz2a ke saiDAkoTasa ko candragupta maurya se tathA zilAlekha mile hai jiname devAnApriya priyadarzI rAjA bhabhinna mAnA thaa| isa adbhuta khoja ke eka varSa bAda kA ullekha hai| gujarrA tathA mAskI se prApta lagha zilA- apraila, 1974 me unakA dehAvasAna ho gyaa| unhoMne lekhoM meM devAnAM priya azokarAja nAma dekhakara vidavAnoM jisako eka sambhAvanA mAnA thA, bhAja lagabhaga 170 varSa ne ina samasta abhilekhoM ko candragupta maurya ke pautra azoka bAda bhI itihAsakAra usI nirAdhAra sambhAvanA ko dohamaurya kA mAna liyA hai| ina abhilekhoM meM aisI koI sAmagrI rAte pA rahe hai / usa samaya taka yaha jJAta nahIM thA ki nahI milatI jisake prAdhAra para inakA sambandha maurya vaMza guptavaMza meM bhI koI candragupta nAma kA rAjA humA thaa| se jor3A jA sake / ye lekha bahuta dino taka nahIM paDhe jA saiDAkoTama candragupta kA dyotaka to avazya hai parantu yaha sake the, parantu sabase pahale 1838 I0 meM prisepa ne giranAra candragupta maurya na hokara guptavaMza kA candra gupta prathama hai| ke divatIya zilAlekha ko par3hA aura prakAzita kiyaa| bhAratIya itihAsa kI khoja pratyanta kaSTasAdhya hai aura jaldaprArambha me usakA mata yaha thA ki ye lekha laMkA ke devAnAM bAjI meM kisI satya niSkarSa para nahI pahuMcA jA sktaa| priya tiSya ke hai| parantu bAda me nAgArjuna pahAr3iyoM meM rudradAmA ke janAgar3ha lekha se itanA to spaSTa hai ki (gayA se 15 mIla uttara) dazaratha maurya ke gRhAlekhoM ko " maurya vaMza me azoka nAma kA rAjA hA thA (prazokasya , dekhakara tathA dIpavaza meM prazoka nAma ke sAtha priyadarzana mauryasya kRte yavanarAja tuSAsphenAdhiSThAya...) aura kAThilagA dekhakara usane unako prazoka maurya kA maanaa| ina guhAoM yAvAr3a usake rAjya ke antargata thA, parantu anya koI aise kA dAna rAjA dazaratha davArA prAjIvaka sampradAya ke lie pramANa abhilekha prAdi ke rupa meM nahIM mile hai jinase usake kiyA gayA thaa| gata 140 varSoM meM bhAratIya tathA pAzcAtya kAryakalApoM para prakAza pdd'e| bauddha sAhitya ke adhyayana vidvAnoM ne aneka khojapUrNa lekha tathA grantha likhe hai, sthAna se tathA phAhiyAna aura hvenasAMga Adi cInI yAtriyoM ke sthAna para khudAiyA~ huI hai, saskRta ke aneka prAcIna vivaraNa se jJAta hotA hai ki bhAratIya itihAsa me do prazoka hastalikhita granthoM kA prakAzana huprA hai| prataeva 1838 rAjA hue hai| hvenasAMga ne likhA hai : "tathAgata ke nirvANa ke I0 kI tulanA meM prAja bahuta adhika aitihAsika sAmagrI 100 varSa pazcAt eka azoka nAmaka rAjA humA jo upalabdha hai, jisase ina stambha-lekhoM tathA zilAlekhoM ke vimbasAra kA prapautra thaa| usane rAjagRhase lAkara pATaliputra vAstavika nirmAtA kA patA cala sakatA hai / san 1947 ko rAjadhAnI banAyA thaa|" usane pATaliputra ke nirmANa I0 meM bhArata ke svataMtra hone ke pazcAt anusandhAna kSetra meM ke sambandha meM badadha kI bhaviSyavANI kA bhI ullekha eka navIna rASTrIya cetanA kA udaya humA hai aura prAjakala kiyA hai| isase itanA spaSTa hai ki hanasAga ke kAla meM itihAsakAra upalabdha sAmagrI ke AdhAra para bhArata kA bhAratavAsI bauddha yaha mAnate the ki sabase pahale azoka ne vAstavika navIna itihAsa taiyAra karane meM salagna hai| pATaliputra ko rAjadhAnI banAyA thaa| vaha bimbasAra kA bhAratIya itihAsa kI sabase bar3I viDambanA yaha hai ki prapautra thA, prajAtazatru kA pautra bhaura gautama buddha ke bhAratavarSa meM eka nAma vAle aneka rAjA hae haiN| sara nirvANa ke 100 varSa pazcAt rAjA banA thaa| vAyu purANa viliyama jonsa ne 28 pharavarI, 197360 ke apane prabhi- meM udAyI dvArA apane zAsanakAla ke caturtha varSa me gaMgA

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4, barSa 29, ki anekAnta ke dakSiNa kala para kusumapura nAmaka zreSThapura banavAne kA nayA mambana calAyA thA aura umako matyu baddha saM0 25 meM ullekha hai| 'pATala' zabda zAzvata koza ke anusAra 'kusuma' ratho (lIjenDasa grApha dI barmIja buddha, pR0 113) / kA paryAya hai / ataeva kusumapura kAlAntara meM pATalaputra yA ina bauddha dantakavAnoM kI prAmANikatA kI puSTi kuNika pATaliputra khlaayaa| azvaghoSa ke buddhacarita (sarga 22/3) kI abhilekhayakta mati meM hotI hai / yaha mUti meM prajAtazaz2a ke maMtrI varSakAra dvArA pATali grAma meM eka mathaga ke pAma parakhama meM milI thI aura Ajakala kile ke nirmANa karavAne kA ullekha hai| ajAtazatru ne mathaga saMgrahAlaya meM hai| bhAsa ne 'pratimA' nATaka meM baddha ke parinirvANa ke pazcAt 15 varSa rAjya kiyA yaa| yaha saketa diyA hai ki prAcIna kAla me namara ke bAhara devatatpazcAt darzaka (prajAta zatru ke bhrAtA ne 25 varSa prora kulo meM rAjA ko mRtyu ho jAne para unakI pratimA banavAudAyI ne 23 varSa rAjya kiyaa| udAyI ke bAda bauddha grayo kara khar3I kara dI jAtI thii| isa pratimA meM nIce kI ke anusAra bhaniruddha tathA muNDa ne kramaza. 6 varSa tathA 8 aura yaha abhilekha hai :-- varSa gajya kiyaa| purANo me kevala mukhya mukhya rAjAgo nibhAdaprameni ajAtazatra gajazrI iNika sevAsi ke nAma tathA zAsana-kAla die hue hai| kAla-gaNanA sahI nAgo mAgadhAnAM rAjA"prarthAt magadha deza kA rAjA prajAta-- rakhane ke lie mahattva-hIna gajAmA ke zAsana-kAla bAda zatra. zrI kaNika, jo nirvANa ko prApta ho gyaa| vAle gajA ke kAla me jor3a die gae hai (dekhi ddaa| zrI kAzI pramAda jAyasavAla ne bihAra-ur3IsA ke risarca manakaDa kRta paurANika kronolAjI) / isa prakAra baddha ke jagnala, khaNDa 5 1616) me zizunAgavazIya rAjAo 6. varSa bAda nandivardhana rAjA banA / gilagiTa se prApta kI pratibhAno ke sambandha meM vistRta lekha likhA hai| udAyI vinayapiTaka ke hastalekha meM likhA hai tathA nandivardhana kI pratimAe bhI paTanA me mila gayI hai| "bodhisattvasya janmakAlasamaye caturmahAnagareSu catvA- eka pratimA gagA meM se nikAlI gayI thI, dUsarI pratimA ro mahArAjA abhavan / tadyathA rAjagRhe mahApadmasya putra, agamakumAM ke pAsa milI tho| ye praba paTanA ke saMgrahAlaya zrAvastyA brahamadattasya putra' / ujjapanyA rAjJo anantaneme meM hai| DA. jAyasavAla ne ina para khade maspaSTa lekho kA putrH| kauzAmbyA rAjJaH zatAnIkasya putra / " paDhakara yaha nizcaya kiyA ki eka mati praja udAyI kI hai imase spaSTa hai ki buddha ke janma kAla ke samaya magadha meM aura dUsarI sirarahita mUni vrAtya nandivardhana kI hai (je. mahApadma prathama (kSatrIjA, kSemajit, hemajita) aura mahArAnI bI0 pro0 Ara0 esa0, khaNDa 5) / prajAtazatru ne bimbA se utAnna putra bimbamAra rAjAthA / bimbasAra baddha- aga, vajji, kAzI aura malla mahAjanapado ko jItakara carita (11/2) ke anumAra hayaMka kula kA thaa| isako magadha me milA liyA thaa| udAyI ne pAlaka tathA kumAra itihAsa meM zreNya yA zreNika kahA gayA hai| majjhima- (avanivardhana) ke marane ke bAda avanti ko magadha rAjya me nikAya (10 131) me isako seniya' likhA hai . "rajA milA liyA thaa| vividha tIrthakalpa me bhI pAlaka kA mAgadhena se niyena bimbimAre nAti' / isakA putra prajAtazatra rAjya 60 barSa mAnA gayA hai| udAyI ke putra nandivardhana thA jisako kuNika, devAnApriya, azokacandra prAdi nAmo se ne pATaliputra ke atirikta vaizAlI ko bhI apanI dUsarI mopapastika-sUtra (prakaraNa 18,16), kathAkoza, vividhatIrtha rAjadhAnI banA rakhA thaa| sutta-nipAta meM isakA ullekha kalpa (0 22,65) aura mAvazyaka-Ni me smaraNa kiyA milatA hai / nandivardhana mUlataH jaina thA,ataeva brAhmaNa granthoM gayA hai / mahAvaMza ke anusAra, ajAtazatru ne prathama vauddha meM usakI prazamA nahI milI / vastuta: nandivardhana (nandasaMgIti kA prabandha kiyA thA (ma03/15-16), parantu rAjA) dharmasahiSNa rAjA thaa| usane apane pitAmaha kI majAtazatra bauddha nahIM thA, vaha jaina thA / bigauDeTa mahodaya taraha devAnApriya tathA prazokaviruda apane nAma ke sAtha ne barmA meM pracalita bauddha danta-kathAmo ke prAdhAra para likhA jor3A thA / sampUrNa bhArata me pAe gae stambha-lekha, zilAhai ki ajAtazatru ne gautama buddha ke nirvANa ke pazcAt eka lekha, pacamArka mikke (nandI cihnayukta) isI rAjA ke

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44 DATin: 25. RAN ma . . .. devAnApriya priyadarzI prazokarAja kauna thA ? hai| yaha dukha kA viSaya hai ki itane pratApI, dharmasahiSNa, ' cakravartI rAjA ko bhAratIyo ne pUrNata: bhulA diyaa| laugyi navandagar3ha kI khudAiyoM me 3 phuTa se 12 phuTa kI gaharAI para mAnava asthiyoM tathA koyalo ke sAtha pRthivI kI eka sone kI pattara para banI pratimA pAyI gayI thI (e. ema0 prAra0 1606-7) / ima sthala para Tole me gahA eka lakaDI kA stambha bhI milA thaa| UparI bhAga dImaka ne khA liyA thA, parantu nicalA bhAga ThIka thaa| isa stambha kI UcAI 40 phITa rahI hogii| prAcIna kAla me gajAmo ke marane ke pazcAt unakI avaziSTa asthiyo para stUpa tathA stambha banavAne kI vaidika prathA thii| Rgveda (ma0 10,10/10) 'me upatte stambhAnA pRthivItvan parimA ' matra milatA hai| dUsare matra (13) meM bhI mataka ke prati kahA gayA hai ."apanI mAtA pRthvI ke pAma jaano| yaha ma jo Una sadRza komala hai, tumhArI vinAza se rakSA kre|" zrI TI0lAkha kA mata hai ki loriya pararAja aura lauriya navandagaDha ke stUpa prAka mauryakAla ke hai| navandagaDha zabda mvaya nava (navIna) nando kI smRti dilAtA hai| navandagara mUla nAma thA aura aba bhrama se umI ko nandanagaDha kahA jA rahA hai jo mUla zabda navanandagaDha kA apabhraza rUpAntara hai| lauriya aragaja tathA laugyi navandagaDha me priyadarzI ne prastara stambha kyo khar3e karavAe ? isakA spaSTIkaraNa yahI ho sakatA hai ki ye sthala nanda rAjApro ke zmazAna-sthana the aura prAcIna yuga me yahA~ para yajji gaNarAjya kI gajadhAnI thii| logyi navandagaDha ke stambha kA zIrSa kamalAkAra hai jisa para miha uttara ko mukha kie khaDA huA hai| ima . stambha para bhI TaoNparA stambha madRza chaH stambha lekha utkIrNa AAR intent *RATHIANA Racins Tol. LTA ...' 16 khAgvela kA hAthI-gumphA lekha priyadarzI ke sandarbha meM atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai / yaha prAcIna abhilekha bhuvanezvara ke nikaTa udayagiri pahAr3I kI hAthI-muMphA (citra pR0 7 para) NEPAL nAmaka guphA meM khudA humA hai| isa prazasti me khAravela ke .. baMza, jIvana aura zAsana ko ghaTanAmo kA silasilevAra ilAhAbAda ke kile meM vidyamAna nandivardhana kA stambha jisa varNana diyA huA hai / khAravela ne apane zAsana-kAla ke para usake prabhilekha khude hue haiN| isa stambha para gupta pAMcave varSa me tanasulI se apanI rAjadhAnI taka, 300 varSa samrAT samudragupta ko prazasti bhI saskRta bhASA meM khudI pUrva nanda rAjA dvArA banavAyI gayI nahara kA jIrNoddhAra hai (bhAratIya purAtatva vibhAga ke saujanya se)|

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6, varSa 26, ki0 1 anekAnta karavAyA (paccame ca dAnI vase nandarAja tivasamata prodhA- aura aSTabhAgI kara diyA, arthAt upaja kA mAThavA bhAga TitaM tanasuliya vATApanAdI nagaraM pavesa yti)| khAravela ne kara ke rupa me liyA jaayegaa| kyA isase yaha spaSTa nahI apane zAsana ke pAThaveM varSa meM rAjagaha para prAkramaNa kiyA hai ki priyadarzI rAjA azoka maurya nahI thA, nahI to stUpa paura yavanarAja dimita ko mathurA bhagA diyA / agalI bAra banavAne kA ullekha avazya krtaa| apane zAsana ke 12veM varSa me khAravela ne punaH magadha para . priyadarzI ke abhilekho me kahI bhI kauTilya yA usake prAkramaNa kiyA aura rAjA bahaspati mitra ko apane caraNo arthazAstra kA koI ullekha nahI milatA / abhilekhoM me meM girane ko bAdhya kiyA / khAravela magadha se kAphI sAmAna rajjuka, prAdezika tathA yukta adhikAriyoM kA ullekha hai| laTa kara le gayA / isameM bhagavAn ko vaha mUrti bhI thI jo tRtIya lekha me spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki mere vijita rAjya meM nanda rAjA kaliMga se chInakara le gayA thaa| isa prazasti me yuta, rajjuka, prAdezika prati pAca varSa para daure para nikalA maurya saMvata 165 kA ullekha bhI milatA hai : muriya kAla kare / priyadarzI ne isa prakAra apane zAmako me dharmAnazAmana vochinaM pragama nikaMtariya upAdAyAti' / isa prazasti se spaSTa kA kArya bhI liyA thaa| dharbha mahAmAtro kI niyukti priyahai ki kaliga deza para kisI nanda rAjA ne aAkramaNa kiyA darzIne apane gajyAbhiSeka ke terahave varSa meM kI thii| isake thA, vaha 'jina bhagavAna kI mUrti uThA le gayA aura prajA ke atirikta, yodharma mAtra, aura brajabhamika bhI dharma-vijaya sukha ke lie nahara bhI gva davAyI thii| itihAga meM kaliga para ke lie niyukta kie gae the / inakA ullekha arthazAstra meM priyadarzI ke prAkramaNa kA jJAna to usake terahaveM zilAlekha nahIM hai| bI.gI jo vAlyUma 2 me pItha ne eka vistRta lekha se hotA hai / yaha yuddha priyadarzI ke abhiSaka ke pAThave varSa meM likhakara arthazAstra pIra priyadarzI ke abhilekhoM kI vimahuprA thaa| isa yuddha meM hI usakA citta anutapta ho gayA gatiyA~ darzAyI hai / dradAmA ke jUnAgar3ha abhilekha se spaSTa aura ugane yuddha-vijaya ke sthAna meM dharma-vijaya prArambha kii| hai ki candragupta maurya tathA azoka maurya ke kAla meM yadi yaha azoka maurya vaza kA thA, to boddha graMthoM meM prAntIya zAsaka kA 'prAdezikaH' na kahakara 'rASTriya' kahA usake isa prAkramaNa kA ullekha kyoM nahI hai| divyAvadAna jAtA thaa| pupyagupta tathA nuSAppa candragupta maurya tathA meM azoka ke buddha-jIvana se sambandhita sthalo kI yAtrA kA azoka maurya ke kAla meM saurASTra rASTriya the / priyadarzI varNana milatA hai| yaha yAtrA usane upagupta sthavira ke ko mora kA mAsa pasada thaa| sarakSita pakSiyo kI sUcI meM sAtha kI thii| hvenasAga ke anusAra, kapilavastu, sAranAtha mora kA nAma nahI diyA huA hai| pariziSTa parva (5 / 226) bhAdi sthalo para azoka ne stUpa banavAe the (bIla pR0 tathA uttarAdhyayana-sUtra para sukhavIdhA TIkA se spaSTa hai ki 24) / phAhiyAna ne tathA buddha-carita meM azvaghoSa ne maurya loga mayara poSaka the aura moze ke deza se pAe the| caurAsI sahastra stUpa banavAne kA ullekha kiyA hai| yadi priyadarzI kI patnI kAruvAkI aura putra nIvara kA mampUrNa sahastra kA artha 'lagabhaga' bhI he to kama se kama caurAsI bauddha sAhitya meM ullekha nahI hai / mabhilekho meM mahendra tathA stUpa to prazoka maurya ne banavAe hI the, phira unakA abhi- saghamitrA kA koI saketa nahI miltaa| isI prakAra, tiSya lekho me koI ullekha kyo nahI hai| nigalI sAgara stambha kI adhyakSatA meM haI tRtIya bauddha saMgIti tathA videzo me lekha se yaha spaSTa hai ki priyadarzI ne rAjyAbhiSeka ke 14 bheje jAne vAle pracArako kA hI koI ullekha hai / mahAvaMza varSa bAda kanakamuni stUpa ko duganA karavAyA thA / 20 aura dIpavaza me ina pracArako kI vistRta sUcI milatI varSa bAda usane isa sthAna para eka prastara stambha banavAyA hai (mahA. 1261-8, dIpa0 8 / 1-11) / jisa para lekha khudA humA hai| prAghunika rummina deI hI dvitIya abhilekha me likhA hai ki azoka ne apane prAcIna lumbinI vana hai jahA para gautama buddha kA janma humA vijita pradeza meM hI nahIM, apitu sImAvartI rAjyo me bhI thaa| priyadarzI ne 'bali' sajJaka dharmakara haTA diyA aura manuSyoM tathA pazupro kI cikitsA kA prabandha karavAyA thaa| lumbinI grAma ko ubalika (jisase bali na lI jAe) pauSadha, phala tathA phUloM ke vRkSa lagavAe the| sImAnta

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devAnAMpriya priyavazI mazokarAja kauna thA? rAjyoM meM coLa, pAMDya sAtiyaputra, keralaputra, tAmraparNI, vidvAnoM kA dhyAna kyoM nahI gyaa| jahAM taka priyadarzI maMtimoka rAjya ginAe haiN| aMtimoka aphagAnistAna ke nandivardhana kA sambandha hai, usake rAjya kA varNana Upara pAsa yUnAniyoM kI eka choTI-sI bastI kA rAjA thaa| isa kiyA hI jA cukA hai| maMsUra ke utkIrNa lekhoM ke anusAra, aMtimroka ke sAmanta katipaya anya choTI-choTI bastiyo ke kuntalA pradeza dandoM ke zAsana meM thaa| ye lekha 12vI sadI rAjA the jinake nAma turamaya, antakini, maka tathA alika ke hai parantu inakI prAmANikatA vivAdagrasta nahIM hai (rAisa. sundara the| yaha mana ki ye nAma sIriyA, mizra, maisI. kRta masUra eNDa kUrga inzakrizanma, pR0 3) / kavi mAmUlahoniyA, sAirInI aura ipAirasa ke zAsako ke the ,nitAnta nAra ne saMgama sAhitya meM nanda rAjA dvArA dakSiNa-vijaya bhrAmaka hai| kyA ina dezo ke itihAsa me bhI yaha ullekha kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| milA hai ki bhArata ke kisI rAjA ne usake deza me kalhaNa ne rAjataraMgiNI meM likhA hai ki rAjA prazoka cikitsA, vRkSAropaNa Adi karavAyA thA? priyadarzI ke jaina thA / isane zrInagara basAyA thaa| aneka bihAra pora rAjya kI jo sImAeM abhilekho ke AdhAra para nizcita stUpa banavAe the / rAjataraMgiNI eka prAmANika grantha hai| kI gayI hai ve umako sampUrNa bhArata kA ekachatra rAjA darzAtI madrArAkSama me rAkSasa kI ora se yuddha karane vAle hai| megAsthanIja ke varNana se jJAta hotA hai ki candragupta rAjA kA nAma puSkarAkSa (mudrA0 1/20) thaa| gaja ATK Ke . A muvanezvara ke pAsa udayagiri parvata para hAthIgamphA nAmaka ghaa| isame kaliMga ke mahArAjAdhirAja khAravela ko prazasti hai jisame nanda rAjA kA do bAra ullekha kiyA gayA hai| (bhAratIya purAtattva vibhAga ke saujanya se) kevala magadha kA rAjA thA aura usake kAla meM dakSiNa me taragiNI meM yaha nAma utpalAkSa diyA hayA hai| saMskRta meM mAndhra atyanta zaktizAlI the| azoka ne kevala kanniga paryAyo ke prayAgako paripATI thii| puSkara tathA utpala dono deza jItA thaa| vindusAra ne rASTravyApI abhiyAna calAyA kamala ke artha meM prayukta hagA hai| utpalAkSa na 30 varSa 3 thaa| isakA varNana bauddha, jaina granthoM yA kathAmAritmAgara mAsa kAzmIra meM zAsana kiyA thA / kalhaNa kI kAla gaNanA mAdi me kahI nahIM miltaa| phira itane bar3e tathya kI pora pUrNata. purANa sadRza hai| usame kalhaNa ne kevala eka yaha

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8, varSa 26, ki0 1 anekAnta bhUla kI hai ki mahAbhArata yuddha 653 kali sa0 meM huA thaa| mithyAcAra mAnatI hai / sacce dharma ke lie prAsma-paryavekSaNa ___ DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla ne apanI mRtyu se kucha Avazyaka hai| priyadarzI ne saba dharmoM ke sAra-tatva kI vRddhi mamaya pUrva 'azoka kA loka sukhayana dharma' lekha likhA thaa| para aura saba sampradAyo ke dRSTikoNa ko udAra banAne para isameM unhoMne abhilekhoM ke vistRta tulanAtmaka adhyayana vala diyA hai (lekha 12) / ke prAdhAra para yaha darzAne kA prayatna kiyA thA ki priyadarzI ina zilAlekhoM me buddha-dharma kA kahI ullekha nahI kA dharma hindU dharma thA : 'aisA porANa pkti'| yahI hai| zramaNa zabda kA artha jaina sAdhu hotA hai jisane apanI sanAtana dharma hai / laghu zilAlekha 2 me die hue zabdo kI vAsanAmo kA zamana kara liyA ho / jaina grantho me bhI tulanA taittirIya upaniSad kI zikSAvalI ke 'satyaM vada / brAhmaNa-zramaNa zabdo kA sAtha-sAtha prayoga milatA hai| dharma cara / mAtRdevo bhava / prAcAryadevo bhava / atithidevo priyadarzI ke kAla me bauddha dharma kA bahuta adhika pracAra bhava / ' se kI jA sakatI hai| "dharma acchA hai, lekina dharma nahI thaa| jaina dharma ko rAjyAzraya prApta thA aura isalie hai kyA ? pApa rahita honA, bahuta kalyANa karanA, kyA, janatA bhI isI mata kI anuyAyI thii| candragupta maurya ke dAna, satya aura pavitratA , ye dharma hai|"mnu ne dharma ke dasa amAtya prAcArya koTilya na zAkya prabajito ko devakAryoM lakSaNa mAne hai : ghRti, kSamA, dayA, asteya, zauca, indriya eva pitRkAryoM meM nimatrita karane kA niSedha kiyA thaa| nigraha, dhyAna, vidyA, satya aura akrodha / priyadarzI kI zAkyapravajita' se tAtrayaM 'boddha bhikSuoM' se hai| jinavyAkhyA manu sadRza hai / caDatA, niSTharatA, krodha, mAna aura zAsana zabda kA artha 'jaina' thaa| 'jina' zabda mahAvIra IyA ye bhAsAniba yA pApa ke garta me manuSya ko girAte hai svAmI ke lie prayukta kiyA gayA hai / zramaNa, zrAvaka, (stambha-lekha 3) / manu ke dhyAna ko priyadarzI ne 'nijhati' / upAsaka, sagha zabda jaina dharma se sambandhita hai : 'saH samprati kahA hai| lekha 7 meM nijhati ke mahatva para bala diyA gayA nAmA rAjAvantIpatiH zramaNAnA zrAvakaH upAsakaH pcaannhai| dhyAna dvArA mAnasika parivartana hI nijhati hai| yaha vratadhArI prabhavaditi zeSa.'--bahatkalpa sUtra TIkA / vidjaina dharma kA viziSTa zabda hai| vastataH priyadarzI ne jIvana vAno ne zilAlekhA kI zabdAvalI kA bhalI prakAra pradhyakA satya pA liyA thaa| priyadarzI aura vyAsa kI gharma yana nahI kiyA, nahIM to priyadarzI rAjA jaina thA isame koI viSayaka vANI eka hai-bherI ghoSa ko haTAkara maiMne dharma ghoSa sandaha kA avakAzana calAyA hai (lekha 4) / lekha 2 me priyadarzI ne zIla aura priyadazI kI lATa para nandI kI matti milI hai sadAcAra-pradhAna dharma ko 'dIdhAbusa' yA dIrghajIvI mAnA hai| (dekhie rAmapuravA kI nandI ko mUtti ) / yaha nandI kI zatapatha brAhmaNa me 'yazova zreSThatama kama' likhA hai matti nandivadhana kA pratIka hai| (1/7/1/5) / taittirIya brAhmaNa ma bhI 'yajJo hi zreSThatama karma' kahA gayA hai (3/2/1/4) / parantu kAlAntara meM isa yuma meM zramaNa-brAhmaNo kA viroSa thA, aisA mahAparamparA vikRta ho gayI aura yajJo me pazu hisA hone bhASyakAra ke 'eSA ca virodhaH zAzvatikaH' (2 / 4 / 12) para lgii| isI kA varNana priyadarzI ne apane caturtha zilAlekha bhASya se prakaTa hotA hai| unhone 'bahinakulam' ke sAthame kiyA hai-'pratikati anara bahUni vAsasa tAni vaDhi to sAtha 'zramaNa-brAhmaNam' kA ullakha kiyA hai| sambhavataH eva praNArabhA vihisA na bhUtAna' arthAt pUrvakAla me bahuta priyadarzI ke kAla meM bhI zramaNa-brAhmaNo ma virodha thA, samaya taka pazumo kI hisA aura samasta prANiyo ke prati imalie priyadarzI ne dono dharmoM ke anuyAyiyo kA dharmoM hisAtmaka vyavahAra baDhanA rahA / isalie priyadarzI ne kA sAra grahaNa karane kA Adeza diyA thaa| ghoSaNA kA. 'esahi aisTe kama yA dharmAnasArasana' prathAMta upayukta pramANA sa spaSTa hai ki priyadazI rAjA, azoka vahI zreSTha karma hai jo dharma kA anuzAsana hai| parantu dharmA- maurya se kama se kama 162 vaSa pUrva humA thA aura jaina thA, caraNa ke lie zIla prAvazyaka hai| zIla-pradhAna jIvana meM na ki bauddha / prazAka mauyaM vauddha thaa| bhrama se itihAsabhAvazuddhi ke binA saba prADambara bana jAtA hai| mana ne vettAno ne do bhinna kAlo ke do bhinnadharmI rAjApro ko (2/67 me) 'na vipraduSTabhAvasya siddhi gacchati kahiMcita' milA diyA hai| matrI, neharU zodha sasthAna, kahA hai| gItA bhI mana ke sayama ke binA dhArmika jIvana kA 46 mADala hAusa, lakhanaU

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hastimalla ke vikrAntakaurava meM prAdi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva zrI bApUmAla prAMjanA, udayapura 13 vI zatI me jana kaviyoM ne saMskRta nATya-sAhitya prastuta kI gaI hai / jayakumAra eva sulocanA kA vistRta kA paryApta savarghana kiyA hai| uname mahAkavi hastimalla jIvana carita jinasena ke mahApurANa meM upalabdha hai| ye kA nAma agraNI hai| unake likhe cAra rUpaka vikrAnta jayakumAra digvijaya ke samaya RSabhadeva ke putra bharata caka. kaurava', maithilikalyANa, prajanApavanaJjaya aura subhadrAnA- vartI ke senApati rahe hai| inhone jIvana kI pratima TikA hai| hastimalla ko pANDyamahIzvara kA samAzraya avasthA me virakta hokara muni-dIkSA dhAraNa ko thI, bhora prApta thaa| ye pANDyamahIzvara apane bhujabala se karnATaka ye RSabhadeva ke 84 gaNadharo meM hue| pradeza para zAsana karate the / ' DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne yadyapi hastimalla ne 'vikAntakaurava' nATaka me jayaajanApavana jaya kI do pratiyo meM 'zrImatpANyamahIzvare' kumAra eva sulocanA ke svayaMvara kA kathAnaka nibaddha kiyA inoka maiM 'matatagame' same'-pATha meM se 'saMtatagameM' hai, tathApi prathama tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke prati pATha ko ucita batalAyA hai| sabhavata hastimalla 'satatagama, pragAgha bhaktibhAvanA ke darzana hame isa nATaka meM prApta meM hI kuTumnasahita nivAsa kara rahe the, aura yahI pANDa- hote hai| ghamahIzvara ko rAjadhAnI bhI thI / karnATakaviracita ke prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke pUrva bharatakSetra meM kartA pAra narasiMhAcArya ne hastimalla kA mamaya 1347 bhogabhUmi kI racanA thI / kalpavRkSo se hI logoM kA sArAvi0 saM0 nizcita kiyA hai / ' DA. rAmajI upAdhyAya kA kArya calatA thA / unake samaya bhogabhUmi naSTa hokara kamabhI yahI mata hai ki kavi ne apanI kucha racanAeM I013 bhUmi kA prArambha huaA thaa| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne prasi, vIza ke antima bhAga meM aura kucha 14vI za0ke masi, kRSi, zilpa, vANijya aura vidyA ina 6 karmoM kA prArambha me likhI hoNgii| upadeza dekara sabako prAjIvikA kI zikSA dii| unhone hastimalla ke upalabdha cAra rUpako' me se tIna kA nagara prAmAdi kA vibhAga karAyA, varNavyavasthA ko maura kathAnaka jaina purANoM para prAdhArita hai| vikrAntakaurava kI rAjyavazo kI sthApanA kii| sarvaprathama bhagavAna RSabhadeva kathAvastu kA prAdhAra jinasena kA mahApurANa hai| vikA- ne bharatakSetra ke cAra rAjAmoM kA abhiSeka kiyA thA, ntakaurava me jayakumAra va sulocanA ke svayavara kI kathA vAgaNasI ke rAjA prakampana aura hastinApura ke gajA 1. vikrAntakaurava kA apara nAma sulocanA hai| 3. zrImatpANDapamahIzvare nijabhutradaNDAvalambI kRtama -- 2 sabhavata kavi ne udayanarAja, bharatarAja, arjunarAja mANi kacandra jaM. graM. mA0 se prakAzita prajanApavana aura meghezvara mAdi cAra nATaka bhI likhe the| mi0 jaya kI bhUmikA, pR0 66. prApherava ke keTelAgas keTalAnoram' (san 1861 4. prathaparIkSA, tRtIya bhAga, pR08 lipajiga) meM ina saba nATakoM kA ullekha prAparTa 2 madhyakAlIna saMskRta nATaka, pR0 228. sAhaba kI lisTa prApha maMskRta menu0 ina sadarna iNDiyA' 6 ye cAroM rUpaka mANi kacandra jaina prathamAlA, baMbaI se (jilda 1.2, san 1880.85) ke prAdhAra se kiyA mUlarUpa meM prakAzita hue hai| gayA hai| sabhavataH dakSiNa ke bhaNDAro meM vidyamAna ho, 7. pannAlAla jaina saM0 'vikrAntakaurava' kI bhUmikA, bharatarAja subhadrA kA hI prapara nAma jAna par3A hai| pR0 11 va 12.

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10, varSa 26, ki. 1 anekAnta somaprabha bhI iname the| (prastuta nATaka kI nAyikA sulo- mAlI, mantharaka evaM mandara prAdi tInoM vidyAdharoM ne bhagavAna canA rAjA prakampana kI putrI thii| nAyaka jayakumAra RSabhadeva ke prati apanI bhaktibhAvanA prakaTa kI hai / vastuta. mahArAja somaprabha kA putra thaa| ) jaba bhagavAn RSabha- yahAM mahArAja prakampana, pratihAra, kaJcukI paura ratnamAlI deva sasAra se virakta hokara prarahanta avasthA ko prApta prAdi kI dRSTi svayaM nATakakAra kI hI hai / isa prakAra, hae the aura unake bar3e putra bharata cakravartI gajya siMhAsanA. nATakakAra ne RSabhadeva ke vividha rUpoM kI stuti karate rUr3ha the taba sulocanA kA svayaMvara humA / mahAkavi hae unake prati apanI utkRSTa bhaktibhAvanA prakaTa kI hai / hastimalla ne vikrAntakaurava ke magalAcaraNa meM Adi tIrtha una prAdi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke caraNakamala samasta kara bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI vandanA meM isI rUpa meM unakA devo ke dvArA pUjya hai|' ve tInoM jJAna ke ghAraka hai| smaraNa karake jagat ke kalyANa kI kAmanA kI hai : "jina unhoMne yuga ke prArambha me abhiSeka kara, 'tuma rAjya karo' bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne pRthvI para prasi, masi prAdi kI vRtti isa prakAra jinhe prabodhita kiyA thA, isIlie jo prakaTa kI (karmabhUmi ke prArambha meM kalpavRkSo ke naSTa hone 'kururAja' nAma se prasiddha hue the tathA jinhone prajA para vidyA, kRSi prAdi chaha karmoM kA upadeza dekara grAjI me kuzala-magala kI pravRtti kI thii| bhagavAn RSabhadeva vikA kA mAdhana batalAyA ), jinake putra bharata loka me ne pahale prami, maSi, kRSi, vidyA, zilpa aura vANijya ina sarvazreSTha samrAT hue haiM aura indro ke mukuTo kI maNiyoM chaha vaniyoM ko aura anta meM mokSapada ke mArga ko dikhA(kalagiyo) se jinake caraNakamalo kI prAratI utArI gaI kara jisa yuga ko andhakAra-rahita kiyA, vaha yuga kRtayuga thI, ve prathama jinendra harSapUrvaka madA bhArI kalyANa kare" / ' kahalAtA hai| prAtmazuddhi ke lie loga unakA smaraNa harivaMza purANa meM bhI RSabhadeva ke prati ko gaI stu karate hai|' abhiSeka, sthApana, pUjana, zAni eva visarjana ina tiyoM meM kahA gayA hai ki ve mati, zruti eva avadhi ina tInoM 5 prakAra ke upacAro me nipuNa bhavya jIva jagat ke kalyANa sarvottama jJAna rUpI netroM se suzobhita hai| bharatakSetra meM ke lie unakI pUjA karate hai| una paramezvara kI pUjA utpanna hokara unhone tIno loko ko prakAzita kara saba prakAra se kalyANa karane vAlI hai evaM zubhadAnI hai| diyaa|' kailAsa ke zikhage ko pavitra karane vAlI evaM sAvadhAna mahAkavi hastimalla unake jagatapUjya, jagatkalyANa- gaNadharo se yukta bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI samavasaraNAkartA, pApanAzaka, dAnAdi ke mahAtmya ke pratiSThApaka eva bhUmi pApo kA nAza karane vAlI hai|' yuga ke prArambha mokSadAyI svarUpa kA puna puna mmaraNa karate hai / sapUrNa me jaba loga dAnAdi ke mAhAtmya se anabhijJa the, taba nATaka me kAzIrAja praka.mpana, pratIhAra cukI aura ratna- grAdi tIrthakara ne dAnAdi ke mAhAtmya kI pratiSThA kI 1. prasimaSimukhA vRttiyana kSitI prakaTIkRtA, kurUrAja iti pratItanAmA kuzalAdAnamavataMyat prajAnAm / / bharatamahivassamrADu yasyAtmajo bhuvanottara / vhii,371| surapamkuTIkoTI nIgajitAghrimaroruha, 5. asimaSikRSividyAzilpavANijyavRttIH / prathamajinapaH zrayo bhUyo dadAtu mudA sadA // zivapadapadavImAyannato darzayitvA / vahI, 4.17 / - vikrAnta kaurava, 1-1. 6. vahI, 5.15 / 7. pacopacAracanurAH paramezvarasya 2. harivazapurANa, pR. 122, 8, 166 / kurvati sarvajagadabhyudayAya pUjAm / vahI 66 / 3. samastadevAcitapAdapakaja pitAmahazcAsya punaH pitA 8. hemAgada - sarva zubhoda bhagavadabhyahaNapuraHsaratayA / ___maha vikrAnta kaurava, 3 55 / caukhambA se prakAzita, vahI, pR 252 / 4. abhiSicya yugodyame vidhAmnA kurUgajya tvamiti- 6. samavasaraNabhUmi pUnakailAzamauli praNihitagaNanAthA. prabodhito yH| pasthitA bhUtamartu // vahI, 4-106 /

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hastimAla ke vikrAntakaurava meM mAdi tIthaMkara RSabhadeva thii| dAnAdi ke mAhAtmya se pranabhijJa mora tapazcaryA ko arthAt jina svayaMbhU brahmA kI utpatti nAbhi-nAbhigaja prakaTa karane meM parAdhInatA se hatabuddhi zreyAn ne ghara pAe nAmaka kulacara se huI hai tathA jo mamasta padArthoM se utpAda, hue RSabhadeva ko dAna diyA thaa| vyaya aura dhovya kA sAkSAt karane vAle hai, ve bhagavAna mahAkavi hastimalla kA yaha vivecana paugaNika varNano RSabhadeva tumhAre kalyANa ke lie hoN| se pratyAdhika mela gyatA hai / harivaza-purANa meM kahA gayA (pratIhAra)pAkAzaM martya bhAvAdhakulavahanAvagniro kSamAto. hai---"manaSya bhava me pAte hI prAdi tIrthakara RSabhadeva ne nassamyATAyarApaH prANA samasta prANiyoM ko kRtArtha kiyaa| isa bhava meM RSabhadeva somaH saumyatvayogAdaviriti ca vidustejasA sannidhAnAtIno jJAna ke dhAraka utpanna hae hai, prata unako 'svayama' divAmAtItavisa Har Haat bhatA dvizvAtmAtItavizva sa bhavatu bhavatAM bhUtaye bhUtanAyaH // " kahA jAtA hai| bhAgavata meM prAdi tIrthaMkara ke pragaTa hone arthAt jo mati ke prabhAva me AkAza hai, pApa-samUho ko ke do prayojana batAe gae hai--maniyoM ke lie dharma prakaTa jalAne se agni hai, kSamA se pRthvI hai, niSparigraha hone se karanA' aura mokSamArga kI zikSA denaa|' tiloyapaNNa tti vAya hai, pratyadhika zAti se yukta hone se jala hai, svakIya me sabhI tIrthakara mokSamArga ke netA kahe gae hai| mahApurANa pAtmA meM sthira hone se suyajvAyAjaka hai, saumyatA ke ke anumAra, prathama tIrthakara RSabhadeva nRtya karatI huI eka mayoga se candramA hai, teja ke sannidhAna se sUrya hai, vizvaapsarA kI mRtyu dvArA indra ko jIvana kI kSaNikatA se hai tathA vizva se pare hai, ve bhUtanAtha -prANi mAtra ke paricaya karavAte hai| tIrthakarI ke avatAra lene ke kaI svAmI bhagavAna jitendra pApa saba ko bhati (aizvarya) ke prayojana paurANika gratho me vaNita hai / jaina muniyo ke lie hoN|" yaha varNana mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke dvArA kI huI lie prAcAra kA prAdarza prastuta karanA, prAcAra eva niyama aSTamUrti ziva kI vandanA se ekadama mamatA rakhatA hai| pAlana kI zikSA denA aura jainadharma kA pracAra karanA upaniSado meM bhI RSiyo ne parabrahma paramAtmA kA ThIka prAdi mukhya prayojana hai / mAtha hI tIrthakaro meM bhavya jIvo aisA hI varNana kiyA hai| paramAtmaprakAza ke anusAra, jA ko sasAra-samudra se tArane kI sAmarthya bhI hai / ' mahAkavi jinendra deva hai, ve paramAtmaprakAza bhI hai|" kevala darzana, hastimalla ne bhI vikrAntakIrava meM ye hI prayojana prAdi kevala jJAna, ananta sUkha, prananna vIrya prAdi ananta catuSTaya tIrthakara RSabhadeva ke avatarita hone ke batAe hai| se yukta hone ke kAraNa vahI jinadeva hai / vahI parama muni nATakAnta me mahAkavi ne RSabhadeva ko bhUtanAtha (arthAta pratyakSa jJAnI) hai|" jisa paramAtmA ko muni viruda se alaMkRta karate hue isa prakAra bandanA kI hai- paramapada hari, mahAdeva, brahma tathA paramaprakAza nAma se (mahArAja prakampana ) yasya svayabhuvo nAbhebrahmaNo virudbhvm| kahate hai, vaha rAgAdi se rahita jinadeva hI hai| vizvotpAdalayadhrauvyasAkSI cAstu zivAya vaH // ' (zeSa pR0 16 para) 1. vahIM, 372 / 11. vahI, 6.52 / 2. harivazapugaNa, pR 123, 8, 205-206 / 12. abhijJAnazAkuntala, 1.1 / 3. vahI, pR. 123, 8, 207 / 13. paramAtmaprakAza, pR. 336, 2, 198 / 4. bhAgavata, 5-3-20 / 5. vahI, 5-6-12 / 14. vahI, pR. 337, 2, 166 / 6. tiloyapaNNatti 4, 628 / 15. vahI, 337-38, 2, 200 / 7. mahApurANa 6, 4 / jo paramappau parama pau hari harU babhuvi buddha parama 8. pravacanasAra (81 se 165 I0 ke bIca), pR. 3, 4 / payAsu bhaNati muNi so jiNa deu vimuddha / dra0 DA0 ha. vikrAntakaurava, 6.51 / kapiladeva pAMDeya viracita : madhyakAlIna mAhitya meM 10. vahI, 6.52 / avatAravAda; pR. 87 se 63 /

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mahAvIra kA dharma-darzana : Aja ke sandarbha meM // zrI vIrendra kumAra jaina, bambaI yaha kevala maMyoga nahIM, balki eka buniyAdI tathya hai ki cIjoM ke prati yathArthavAdI dRSTikoNa hI samyak darzana ki mahAvIra kA dharma-darzana bhAja ke sandarbha me zata-pratizata hai| jainI mAnatA hai ki vastupro yA vyaktiyo ko dekhakara, ghaTita hotA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jaina draSTAyo ne yA unase sambandhita ho kara jo rAgAtmaka bhAva hamAre mana sattA kI jo paribhASA prastuta kI hai, umame vastumo kI me udaya hotA hai, usI meM cIjo kA mUlya nahI pAkanA pratikSaNa kI gatividhi aura pragati atyanta pradyatana cAhie / vastuoM para apane bhAva yA rAga ko prArotarIke me mamAhita ho jAtI hai / unhone kahA hai : pita karake unhe na dekho| ve yathArtha meM, apane Apa me "utpAda-vyaya-dhauvya-yukta matvaM / " mattA ekabAragI jaisI hai, vaisI hI unhe vItarAga bhAva me dekho| cIjo para hI utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya me yukta hai, arthAt uname apane ko lAdo nahI / tuma svaya apane meM raho, cIjo ko pratikSaNa kucha utpanna ho rahA hai, kucha miTa rahA hai, aura svayaM apane meM rahano dii| svayaM apane svabhAva meM raho, kucha hai jo madA ekasA kAyama rahatA hai| pratikSaNa jo uTha cIjoM ko apane svabhAva meM rahane do / isI taraha unase aura miTa rahA hai, vaha paryAya hai, yAnI cIjo kA rUpa hai, sarokAra karo, isI taraha uname bartAva kro| hamArA aura jo sadA eka-mA kAyama yAnI dhruva hai, vaha cIjoM kA dRSTikoNa cIjo ke prati vastu-lakSyI yA 'pAbjekTiva' ho, satya hai, arthAt sArAza hai| matalaba yaha huA ki gati Atma-lakSyI yA 'sabjekTiva' na ho| isa prakAra hamane yaha aura sthiti ke mayukta rUpa ko hI sattA kahate hai| dekhA ki pAja ke yuga kI eka aura mavame bar3I vizeSatA isa taraha hama dekhate hai ki jaina-darzana ne vastu kI prati vastu-lakSyI yA 'grAbjekTiva' dRSTikoNa hai aura vahI jaina kSaNa kI nita naI gati-pragati ko satya ke rUpa meM svIkRti tatvajJAna kA AdhArabhUta middhAnta hai| prAdhunika buddhivAda dI hai| ume mahaja mithyA, mAyA yA prapaMca kaha kara TAlA aura vijJAna isI dRSTikoNa ke jvalanta pariNAma hai| nahI hai / ThIka vijJAna kI taraha hI jana-darzana ne isa vizva jaina tatvajJAna ko sAvadhAnIpUrvaka samajhane para patA kI tadagata vAstavikatA yAnI "grAbjekTiva riyaliTI" calatA hai ki usameM jIvana-jagat kA inakAra nahIM, balki ko svIkAra kiyA hai| natIje meM yaha hAtha pAtA hai ki mahaja svIkAra hai| jIvana-jagat jainI ke lie eka Thosa jainadharma yathArthavAdI hai, vAstavikatA-vAdI hai, vaha korA vAstavikatA hai, aura umame jIne vAle manuSya yA prANI pAdarzavAdI nahI hai| jIvana se kaTe hue kore UdhvaMmukha kI prAtmA bhI eka Thosa vAstavikatA hai| so unake bIca pAdarzavAda kI prasvIkRti aura Thoma yathArthavAdI jIvana-jagat kA sambandha bhI eka Thoma vAstavikatA hai / isa vAstakI svIkRti, prAja ke yuga kI eka lAkSaNika vizeSatA hai vikatA ko sahI-mahI dekha kara, sahI-sahI jAcanA hogA, aura yaha vizeSatA jaina-dharma ma, sattA kI mUla paribhASA yAnI jaina zabdo meM kahe to hameM jagat kA samyak darzana meM hI upalabdha ho jAtI hai| karate hue usakA samyak jJAna prApta karanA hogA / vastuoM dUsarI prAdhunika vizeSatA, jo jainadharma me milatI hai, aura vyaktiyo kA sahI darzana aura sahI jJAna hone para hI. vaha hai vastu ke sAtha vyakti kA eka yathArthavAdI sNbNdh| unake sAtha kA hamArA sambandha-vyavahAra, salUka-sarokAra cImeM ThIka jaisI hai, unhe ThIka vaimI hI dekhane-jAnane ko sahI ho sakatA hai / isa sahI sambandha-vyavahAra ko hI jaina jaina drapTAmo ne samyak darzana kahA hai| matalaba yaha humA tatvajJo ne samyak cAritrya kahA hai|

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mahAvIra kA dharma-darzana : mAja ke sandarbha meM jaina dharma kA prantima lakSya mokSa yA mukti hai| yaha aimA spATa lagatA hai, ki jainadharma jIvana kA virodhI hai, mRvita kaime pAyI jA makatI hai ? tatvArthamUtrakAra prAcArya aura umakA mokSa jagata se palAyana hai| isa prativAda ko umAsvAti ke zabdoM meM, "samyakadarzana-jJAnacAritrANi nakAga nahIM jA sakatA: mokSamArga ' / jIvana-jagat, vastu-vyakti ko sahI dekhanA, yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki svaya mahAvIra dIrgha tapasvI the, sahI jAnanA, aura tadanusAra unake sAtha sahI vyavahAra aura unhone nidAruNa tapasyA kA jIvana bitAyA thaa| para karanA- yahI mokSamArga hai, yAnI vizva ke mAtha vyakti ve to tIrthakara yAnI yugatIthaM ke pravartaka aura paritrAtA prAtmA kA sambandha jaba alima rUpa me mamyakadarzana-jJAna- hokara janme the / isI kAraNa carama tapasyA ke dvArA cAritryamaya ho jAtA hai, to anAyAsa hI AtmA kI mukti triloka aura trikAla ke kaNa-kaNa aura jana-jana ke sAtha ghaTita ho jAtI hai| tAdAtmya sthApita karanA unake lie anivArya thA / ve cIjoM aura vyaktiyo ke mAtha jaba hamAga mambandha svaya aigI matya jayI tapasyA karake, poge ke lie apane vasta lakSyI aura vItarAgI na hokara, prAtmalakSyI aura yugatIrtha ke prANiyoM ke lie, mukti-mArga ko sugama banA magagI hotA hai, to vaha gamAtmatra. tIvratA vizva meM marvatra gaye hai aura sabako amaratva prApti kA sahaja jJAna-mantra de vyApta sUkSma bhautika pudagala-paramANUmo ko AkRSTa karake, gaye hai| hamArI cetanA ko unake pAza me bAdha detI hai| imI ko levina vastuta uttarakAlIna jina-zAsana meM jo karma-bandhana kahate hai, yAnI gaga aura usakI pariNati ati nivattivAda kA bolabAlA rahA, vaha vaidika dharma ke dvapa, ina dono ke prAtmA meM ghaTita hone para vastupro ke prati pravRttivAda aura bhraSTAcArI karma-kANDo kI pratisAtha prAtmA kA svAbhAvika mambandha bhaga ho jAtA hai, kriyA ke rUpa meM hI ghoTata hayA hai| phalataH vairAgya, tapa aura unake bIca karmAvaraNa kI poTa par3I ho jAtI hai| aura jIvana-vimukhatA para behada jora diyA gayA hai| natIjA jagat ke sAtha jaba manuSya kA marabandha vizuddha vastu-lakSyI yaha hA ki alpajJa sAdhAraNa jaina zrAvaka aura zramaNa ima yAnI kAjakTiva" yA vItarAgI ho jAtA hai, isI ko tapa-maMyama ka bAhyAnAra ko hI saba kucha mAna kara umI jaina draSTAyo ne mokSa kahA hai| meM cipaTa gye| isa pravRtti ke kAraNa jaina haTAmo kI ____ grAtmA ke isa taraha mukta hone para, umake bhItara kA amalI, maulika vizva-dRSTi lAta hA gyii| jo mulagata pUrNa jJAna hai, arthAt ma kA maryakAla meM mapUrNa yaha dRSTi hama bhagavAn kandakundAcArya ke dRSTi-pradhAna jAnane kI jo kSamatA yA zakti hai, vaha prakaTa ho jAtI hai| grantha 'mamayasAra' meM yathArtha rUpa meM upalabdha hotI hai| yaha imI ko kevala jJAna kahate hai, arthAt ekameva zuddha, ambaDa kahanA gAyada atyakti na hogI ki. mahAvIra ke bAda pratyakSa jJAna / kevalajJAna hone para lAka ke sAtha manuSya kA bhagavAn kandakandadeva hI jina-zAsana ke madhanya aura eka amara, abodha, avinAzI sambandha sthApita ho jAtA maulika pravaktA hA hai| unakI vANI meM prAtmAnabhUti kA hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana ko gaharAI se mamajhane para patA rUpAntarakArI rasAyana prakaTa hupA hai| unhone 'mamayasAra' calatA hai ki vaha jagat-jIvana se manuSya kA toDane yA me spaSTa mikhAyA hai ki vastu kA apanA svabhAva hI dharma alaga karane vAlA dharma nahIM hai balki jagat ke sAtha hai| tuma apane svabhAva me raho, vastu ko prapana svabhAva meM jIva kA saccA aura sthAyI nAtA sthApita karane kI rahane do| apane svabhAva ko ThIka-ThIka jAno aura usI zikSA hI jainadharma detA hai| me sadA avasthita rahakara samyak-darzana aura samyaka-jJAna pUrvaka isa jagat jIvana kA upayoga karo, yAnI moga kA mahAvIra ke 1000 varSa bAda jinavANI ke grantha-baddha inakAra unake yahA kataI nahI hai| magara samyakdRSTi pora hone para usame jo jaina dharma kA upadeza milatA hai, usameM sampajJAnI hokara bhogo| taba tumhArA bhoga bandhana aura prakaTata: kaThora saMyama, vairAgya pora tapa kI pradhAnatA hai| kaSTa kA kAraNa na hogA, balki mokSadAyaka aura mAnanda

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14, varSa 26, ki0 1 bhanekAMta dAyaka hogaa| bhaTakI haI vipathagAmI mAnavatA ko sahI dizA-darzana jo cIjo kA mamyakadI aura samyakajJAnI hai, vahI pradAna kre| unakA saccA, mampUrNa yA nirbAdha bhoktA ho sakatA hai| + + + aisA bhoga kSaNika aura khaDita nahI hotA / vaha nitya aura mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki vastu mAtra anekAntika hai, prakhaNDa bhoga hotA hai| usame viyoga nahI, pUrNa yoga hai, yAnI umame ananta guNa, dharma, paryAya eka sAtha vidyamAna pUrNa milana hai| usameM kabhI kucha khotA nahI, maca madA ko hai| isalie vastu ke alaga-alaga pahalumo ko anekAntika pA liyA jAtA hai, sabake mAtha hama madA yoga aura bhoga dRSTi meM dekhanA caahie| vastu pratikSaNa gatimAna, pragatime eka sAtha rahate hai / jA cIjo kA mithyAdarzI aura mAna aura pariNamanazIla hai| usameM pratipana naye rUpa, mithyAjJAnI hai, vaha unakA maccA aura pUrNa bhoktA nahI bhAva aura pariNAma paidA ho rahe hai / isalie kabhI bhI vastu ho sktaa| jJAnI vastuoM kA svAmI hokara unhe bhAMgatA ke bAre meM antima kathana nahIM karanA cAhie / apekSA ke hai| ajJAnI unakA dAsa ho kara unhe bhogatA hai| svAmI mAtha hI, vastu ke eka guNa, dharma, bhAva-rUpa vizeSa kA kA bhoga muktidAyaka aura prAnandadAyaka hotA hai, dAma kA kathana karanA caahie| vastu anekAntika hai, to usakA bhoga bandhanakArA aura kaSTadAyaka hotA hai| saccA darzana-jJAna bhI aikAntika nahI, anekAntika hI ho isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki jainadharma jIvana-jagata ke makatA hai| dama taraha hama dekhate hai ki anekAnta dRSTi hI bhoga kA virodhI nhiiN| vaha kevala macce aura akhaNTa gainadharma kI prAdhArabhUta caTTAna hai| bhoga kI kalA sikhAtA hai| prAja kA manuSya se agraNTa Aja kA manuSya bhI kimI antima kathana yA antima paura nitya bhoga ke lie hIno chaTapaTA rahA hai| prati- dhamadiza kA kAyala nhii| vaha hara taraha kI dhArmika mohavAdI pazcimI jagat aba kSaNika aura khaNDa bhoga meM kaTTaravAditA se napharata karatA hai| vaha 'DAyanamika' yAnI Uba gayA hai, thaka gayA hai, virakta taka ho gayA hai| vaha gatizIla hai, aura jIvana jagata ke gati-pragatizIla raSTibhoga chor3ane ko taiyAra nahI, magara use acaka aura pUrNa koNa ko hI pamanda karatA hai| jainadharma kA anekAnta aAdhu. tRptidAyaka, nita-navya bhoga kI talAza hai| bhagavAna nika mAnava-cetanA ke uma 'DAyanamijma' yAnI gatyAkundakundAcArya na 'mamayamAra' meM usI macce, sArthaka aura tmakatA kA sarvopari digdarzaka aura samarthaka hai| pUrNa tRptidAyaka bhoga kI zikSA dI hai| Aja ke bhoga meM anekAntika vastu-svabhAva kA mahI darzana-jJAna pAkara, Ube hue, phira bhI parama bhoga ke abhilApI manuSya ke lie vastupro aura vyaktiyoM ke sAtha sahI sambandha meM jIvana 'samayasAra' eka cintAmaNi jIvana-jI hai| jIne kI kalA sikhAne ke lie hI jena draSTAyo ne satya, parA pUrvakAla meM gajapi bharata cakravatIM aura janaka himA, pracaurya, aparigraha aura brahmacarya ke prAcAra dharma aise hI parama bhoktA yogIzvara hue he / ve jagat ke kA vidhAna kiyA hai : satya yAnI yaha ki hama cIjo ko viSayAnanda ga bhI behicaka unmukta tairate hA pUrNa prAtmA- satya dekhe, jAne aura satya hI kahe , ahimA yAnI yaha nanda me magana rahate the / jainadharma meM hI nahIM, prathamata: pora ki hara cIja ko astitva meM nirbAdha aura surakSita rahane antataH pUre bhAratIya prAktan dharma ne yahI zikSA dI hai| kA adhikAra hai| hama paraspara eka dUsare ko bAdhA yA bIca ke aitihAsika cakrAvartano ke kAraNa jo prativAdI hAni na pahu~cAyeM / hama khuda jima taraha sukha-zAnti se jInA aura pratikriyAgrasta vairAgyavAda kA prabhUtva huaA hai, usame cAhate hai usI taraha auro ko bhI sukha-zAnti se jIne bhAratIya dharma kA marma hI lupta ho gayA / Aja ke bhAratIya deM, yAnI saha-astitva jIvana kI zarta hai| pracaurya yAnI jaina yogiyoM, cintakoM aura manISiyo kA yaha anivArya yaha ki saba vastuoM para sabakA samAna adhikAra hai aura kartavya hai ki hamAre dharma ke marma kI saccI pahacAna ve vastu-mAtra apane pApa meM svatantra hai| paraspara eka dUsare ke mAja ke jagat ke samakSa prakaTa kare aura isa yuga kI kalyANArtha hama vastubho para vyaktiyo ke sAtha viniyoga

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mahAbIra kA dharma-varmana : mAja ke sandarbha meM vyavahAra kreN| vastu-sampadA para adhikAra karanA hI isa prakAra prApa dekheMge ki jenoM kA paMca praNavatI yA corI hai| jIvana-jagat kI vyavasthA aisI honI cAhie, mahAvratI prAcAra-mArga jIvana se palAyana karane yA usakA ki vastumAtra sarvakI sampatti rahe aura AvazyakatAnusAra virodha karane kI zikSA nahIM detaa| vaha jIvana-jagata ke sabako gaba kucha prApta ho / sampativAda, pUjIvAda, pUrNa bhoktA aura svAdhIna svAmI hone kI parAvidyA hame adhinAyakavAda prAdi prAja kI sArI vyavasthAe corI para sikhAtA hai| kyA prAja kA manuSya, aimI hI kisI parA. TikI huI hai| pracaurya kI vyavasthA lAne ke lie hI prAja vidyA kI khoja me nahI bhaTaka rahA hai ? ye patha-bhraSTa dIkhane kI sArI prajAeM samAjavAda kI pukAra uThA rahI hai| vAle, svairAcArI, svacchandavihArI 'hippI' vaibhava aura jainadharma ke satya, ahiMsA, pracaurya, aparigraha aura anekAnta surakSA kI goda ko ThukarA kara usI parAvidyA kI khoja meM AgAmI macce aura sthAyI samAjavAda kI kujI me nikala par3e hai| ve adhere meM bhaTaka rahe hai bezaka, magara chipI hai / saca pUcho to ve anajAne hI parama lakSya se cAlita hai, aparigraha kA artha hai ki moha-mI meM paDakara, yAnI ve manuSya kI asalI svatantratA ke abhilASI hai| vastu yo aura vyaktiyo para adhikAra na jamAyA jaae| jainadharma ke anumAra, ve svabhAvata, apanI majila para pahuMmanuSya, manuSya aura vastuoM ke svabhAvagata svatantra pari- cega hI, kyoki majila pAkhira no apanI prAtmA hI hai Namana ko pahacAne aura svaya bhI batA rahe tathA proge pora apanI prAtmA se bichaDa kara prAdamI kaba taka bhaTakatA kI mvatantratA kA apaharaNa na kre| parigraha yAnI pramAda- raha sakatA hai ? aAkhira parAkASThA taka bhaTaka kara, vaha vaza cIjo ke adhIna honA aura unheM apane adhIna rkhnaa| apane ghara lauTegA hii| isI kAraNa jinezvarI ne pApa ko yaha bandhaka aura kATadAyaka hai / parigrahI-vRtti se hI honA nahI banAyA hai| pApa ke bhaya ko unhone mala meM hI mampativAda, pUjIvAda, mattAvAda janme hai / parigraha ko hI kATa diyA hai, yAnI prAtmA pApa kara hI nahIM sakatA, jinezvarI ne bahuta bar3A pApa kahA hai| jinezvaga ke dharma- vaha usakA svagAva nhiiN| pApa hai kevala prajJAna / mahI zAmana meM pUjIvAda aura adhinAyakavAda ko sthAna nhii| jJAna ho jAna para prAdamI apane pApa hI sahI prAcaraNa mvatantra mAnavavAda aura sarvakalyANakArI mamAjavAda hI karatA hai| taba vaha anAyAma hI pAma se Upara uThakara, jinezvage ke anumAra saccI aura mokSadAyaka jovana- prAnmA kA majJAna, niSpApa jIvana jItA hai| vyavasthA ho sakatI hai| brahmacarya kA artha hai apanI prAtmA meM hI nirantara vijJAna kI taraha hI janadharma kA jJAnamArga bhI vizleramaNa karane aura bhoga karane kI svAdhIna mattA prApta kara SaNa-pradhAna hai| isI kAraNa yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki lenA / nara-nArI ke yauna-bhoga aura kAma-bhoga tana, mana, samAra ke sabhI jIvita dharmoM meM jainadharma hI sabase adhika prANa, indriyo ke sara para sarvathA mvAbhAvika hai aura vaijJAnika hai| usakA jIva-zAstra aura karma-zAstra isake ucita hai para prAtmA parama svatantra hai / bAhara ke bhoga- jvalanta pramANa hai| itanA adhika vaijJAnika aura tAkika ramaNa meM rahate hue bhI, vaha apanI nRgni ke li, TanakI hai gainadharma, ki manuSya kI bhAva-cetanA ko tRpta karane meM gulAma nhii| hara nara-nArI ke bhItara nara aura nArI donoM gamartha nahIM ho paataa| apanI prAtmA ke atirikta anya hai / apane hI bhItara baiThe ramaNa yA gmaNI ko pahacAna kara kimI IzvarIya zakti ko amvIkRta karake jainadharma ne pA lene para, bAhara ramaNa karate hue bhI, hama eka-dUsare ke bhaktimAtra ke grAdhAra ko hI khatma kara diyA hai| para gulAma yA bandhana ho kara na rhe| apane-apane prAtma ma grAnI ima anivajAnikatA aura buddhivAditA ke kAraNa mvatantra, nimoha, abAdha vicr| isa prakAra brahmacarya hI, vaha mAja ke vijJAnavenA manuSya ke bahuta anukUla vItagagI, prAtma rasalIna, pUrNa bhoktA hone kI parama rama- hai| vantI kalA sikhAtA hai| vijJAna kI taraha hI janadharma manuSya ko svatantratA

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16 varSa 201 detA hai ki vaha kisI pUrva mAnyatA praura andhazraddhA se vizva-satya kA nirNaya na kare apane svatantra tArkika anveSaNa aura vastu ke aNu-prati-aNu tArkika vizleSaNa dvArA hI vizva-tatva kI jAca-par3atAla kare aura usakA svatantra jJAnAtmaka sAkSAtkAra kreN| yaha dhyAtavya hai ki hajAroM varSoM pUrva jaina iSTAyAM ne jana-jIvana kA jo prantarvejJAnika sAkSAtkAra kiyA thA, vaha kramaza. Aja kI vaijJAnika khojI dvArA patraka pramANita hotA jA rahA hai| isa prakAra jainadhamaM prAja ke manuSya ko vaijJAnika dRSTi dvArA hI pAtmika thAmthA ghora anubhUti taka ne jAnA cAhatA hai / + -++ pazcima ke dArzanika jagat meM zrAja astitvavAda kA bolabAlA hai, yAnI astitva meM jo dIkhatA hai, vahI satya hai| ejisTensa' meM ho kara 'Isa' meM pahuMcanA hai| 'IseMsa' ko pUrva mAnya karake 'egjisTema' kA phaisalA nahI karanA hai / jaino ke yahA bAraha anuprekSA zrI yA bhAvanAo dvArA jo astitva zraura zrAtmA kA cintana kiyA gayA hai, usame zrAja kA astitvavAda sarvAMgINa abhivyakti pA jAtA hai / anuprekSaNa batAtA hai ki manuSya kI sthiti yahA manitya, prazaraNa, ekAkI hai| vaha akelA hai / antata hama saba eka-dUsare ke lie anya yAnI parAye haiM / zarIra antata vinANI aura glAnijanaka tatvoM se bharA hai / anekataMta sAmane prakaTa ho jAtA hai / usa sthiti meM manuSya eka mukta puruSa hokara loka kA pUrNa jJAnapUrvaka nitya bhoga karatA hai / yahI mokSa hai / mArAza me yahI jainoM kA mastitvavAda hai aura saMbhavataH Aja ke astitvavAdI darzana me jahA bhI gatyabarodha hai, yahA jaina aSTinA sahI mArga mukta kara sakatI hai| yaha dhyAtavya hai ki kArla yesparsa Adi kA mAja kA pratikrAntivAdI dhastitvavAda (TrAnseMDeMTala ekjisTeziyalijma) jaina darzana ke bahuta nikaTa zrA jAtA hai / prata. prAtmA kI mukti ke lie prAvazyaka hai ki aniSTa bAharI pudgala paramANu ko hamAre astitva ko karma - bandhana me bAdhane se rokA jaae| apane ko sameTa kara apane sacce svarUpa meM hI rahA jaae| isa prakAra zrAtma-savaraNa dvArA apane me svAdhIna ho rahane para purAne badhe jar3akarma ke bandhana svayaM TUTa jAte hai / taba hamAre pUrNa jJAna meM loka apane sacce svarUpa meM hamAre isa prakAra, Apa dekheMge ki Aja ke yuga meM prastitvavAda Atma-svAtantrya-vAda, sarva-svAtantrya-vAda, svacchandavAda, pUrNa mogavAda, samAjavAda, gaNataMtravAda, parokSavAda, kalAvAda Adi kI jo pramukha pukAra mAnava AtmA me jvalanta hai, una sabakA maulika samAdhAna jinezvarI ke dharma-darzana me samIcIna rUpa se upalabdha hai / ekatantrIya pU~jIvAda prora adhinAyakavAda se duniyA ko ubAra kara, eka sacce sarvodayI sAmyavAda maura samAjavAda me pratiSThita karane ke lie mahAvIra ke dharmadarzana ko naye sire se samajhanA aura pahacAnanA jarUrI hai / jaino ke anusAra to mahAvIra hI hamAre yuga ke tIrthakara hai, yAnI hamAre vartamAna yuga-tIrtha kI mAgalika paricAlanA kA dharma cakra unhIM bhagavAna kI u~galI para ghUma rahA hai| eka bAra ekAgra hokara hama usa dharma cakra kA darzana kare to zAyada hamAre yuga kI cAla hI badala jAye / samagra krAnti aura kise kahate haiM ? -vIra-nirvANa-vicAra-sevA, indaura ke saujanya se / govinda nivAsa, sarojanI roDa vile pArale (pazcima), bambaI - 56 (pR0 11 kA pAza) mahAkavi hastimasla kI subhadrA nATikA me bhI ghAdi tIrthakara RSabhadeva kI bandanA kaI sthAnoM para kI gaI hai| cAra ko kI isa nATikA meM rAjA nami kI bhaginI aura kaccharAja ke putrI subhadrA kA tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke putra bharata se vivAha kI kathA hai|" sI-8, yunivasiTI kvArTarsa, durgA narsarI roDa, udayapura (rAja0 ) 1. prajanApavanaJjaya dhora subhadrA nATikA kA sapAdana vAsudeva paTavardhana ne kiyA hai / mANikacandra jaina granthamAlA, babaI se prakAzita 7 prako ke prajanApavanaJjaya nATaka me mahendrapura kI kumArI praJjanA svayaMvara meM vidyAdhara pavana jaya kA varaNa karatI hai / bAda me prajanA hanumat ko janma detI hai / kathA kA prAdhAra vimalasUri kA paumacariu hai /

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jJAna kI pAvana jyoti bujha gaI hai - zrI kundana lAla jaina, dillI 6 aktUbara 1975 ko vaha manahUsa ghar3I thI jaba 8 zodha ke kSetra meM kucha caJca-praveza kara pAyA hai| bajakara, 8 minaTa para prAkAzavANI se udghoSita kiyA gayA san 1960 ke aktUbara mAsa me morieTala kAnphresa ki "DA. e. ena. upAdhye kA kolhApura meM nidhana ho gayA kA adhivezana kAzmIra (zrInagara) me humA thA jisame hai|" sunate hI aisA anubhava hA mAno kisI ne sira para DA upAdhye aura DA. hIrAlAla jI sammilita hue the| maiM hathaur3a jar3a die ho| citta baDA hI vyathita hmaa| ve jJAna ke bhI ghUmane ke lie kAzmIra gayA thaa| patA calA ki DA bhaMDAra the| jitanA gabhIra aura sakSama adhyayana unhone kiyA upAdhye yahA~ hai to unase milane calA gyaa| bAtacIta ke thA, vaisA dUsarA koI vyakti dikhAI nahIM detA hai| unakI daurAna unhone pUchA--- keTalAga kA kAma karoge ? mai isa zodhoM se bhAratIya vidvAna hI nahI, apitu bhAratIya vidyA dizA meM sarvathA zunya thA, phira bhI binA kucha jAne-samajhe ke videzI vidvAna bhI bar3e prabhAvita the / ve loga unakI svIkRti de dii| kevala yaha samajha kara ki DA. upAdhye jaise lekhinI kA lohA mAnate the / DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla vidvAna ke varadahasta kI chatrachAyA to milegii| prastu DA. sA. ne iMgalaiMDa ke prasiddha vidvAna kAAyala (Carlyle) ko ne kahA ki phira dillI meM milanA, vahI carcA kreNge| dillI uddhRta karate hue likhA thA : "Blessed is he who pAkara dillI ke jaina bhaNDAge meM sthita pADulipiyo kI has got his life's work, let him ask for no vivaraNAtmaka sacI taiyAra karane kA sArA masavidA taiyAra other blessedness." Dr. Upadhye asks for no ho gayA aura maine bA0 pannAlAlajI agravAla ke sahayoga other blessedness" se yaha punIta kArya prArambha kara diyaa| para bIca meM anekAsan 1906 ke pharavarI mAsa kI chaThI tithi ko neka bAdhAe~ pAI jinase bAra-bAra vicalita ho kArya belagAma jile ke sadalga grAma meM eka nakSatra udita hugrA chor3anA cAhatA thA, kintu bA0 choTelAla jI ke samacita thA jo 66 varSa 8 mAsa taka sAhitya aura samAja ko parAmarza eva DA. upAdhye kI patro dvArA preraNA pA-pAkara pAlokita karatA huaA 8 aktUbara, 1675 ko asta ho isa rUkSa aura praoNmba-phoDU parantu jJAnavarddhaka kArya meM lagA gyaa| ve jaina zodha ke kSetra me aise prasara sUrya the ki unakI rahA / prAja jabaki uparyata gacI kI presa kApI prakAzana ke pracaNDa kiraNeM yuga-yugo taka pranusa dhitsugro kA patha pAlo- lie par3I-par3I sisaka rahI hai aura DA. upAdhye nahI rahe kita karatI rahegI pora zodha ke kSetra me mArga darzaka banI hai, to akhio ke prAge ghanaghora andhakAra chA jAtA hai| ve rahegI! DA. upAdhye kA sarvaprathama darzana san 1946 me jJAna ko pAvana jyoti tha jo svaya tila-tila jalakara syAdvAda vidyAlaya vArANasI ke hAla meM kiyA thA, jaba ve dUsaro ko pAlokita kiyA karate the / prAja unake prabhAva apane parama sakhA DA0 hIrAlAla jI ke sAtha chAtra saMgha ke me mujha jaise hajAro ziSya kiMkartavyavimUr3hatA kA anubhava mAmaMtraNa para vidyAlaya meM padhAre the / unako vidvattA kI karane lage hai / aba hamArA mArgadarzana kauna karegA, zodha ke ghAka samAja me taba taka vyApta ho gaI thii| vidizA kSetra meM hamArI gutthiyoM ko kauna mulajhAvegA? una jaisA mathurA prAdi sthAno para bhI unase samaya-samaya para bheTa sUkSma anveSaka aura anusadhitsu prAja koI jaina samAja meM hotI rahI, para san 196. se to unake nikaTatama saparka hai kyA ? me pAne kA saubhAgya milA aura unhI ko anukampA-vaza dUsaro ke choTe-choTa guNo ko bar3hAvA dekara unheM zodha

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18, varSa 26, ki0 1 anekAnta ke kSetra meM lagAe rakhanA koI unase siikhe| san 1964 jaba ve nahIM rahe to lekhanI se lipibaddha kara pazcAttApa yA 65 me vIra sevA mandira meM unake abhinandana kA kara rahA huuN| isa samaya mahAkavi bhartRhari kI nimna ukti prAyojana kiyA gayA thA, hAla meM loga ekatrita ho rahe una para akSarazaH ghaTatI hai kithe| DA upAdhye Upara ke kamaro me Thahare the| mai sacI ke paraguNaparamANana parvatIkRtya nityaM sambandha me carcA hetu unake pAsa baiThA thA, sUcI ke pAri- nija hRdi vikasantaH santi santaH kiyantaH ? zramika ke bhugatAna kI bAta thii| DA. sA. ne kahA "This DA0 upAdhye ne pichale cAra dazakoM meM jaina sAhitya is just a clerical job; you should not expect aura samAja ko jo kucha diyA hai, usake lie gArA hI much more" | bAta calatI rahI para (Clerical) zabda / deza cira RNI rhegaa| ve patra kA uttara avazya hI aura kA prayoga unheM svaya kucha acchA na lgaa| yadyapi ise tatparatA se diyA karate the| unake dvArA hajAro patra vibhinna maiMne kacha bhI mahasUsa na kiyA thA phira bhI bAtacIta ke sasthAno aura vyaktiyoM ko likhe gaye hai jo jaina-sAhitya daurAna anajAne hI usa (clerical) zabda kI punarAvRtti ke vikAsa evaM zodha ke sambandha me bar3e hI upayogI siddha do tIna bAra ho gaI jisase ve bar3e hI vyathita prari ho sakate hai| mega anurodha hai ki bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vyAkala ho uThe aura zAyada apanI bhUla samajhakara unhone vIra sevA mandira yA koI anya sasthA yA vyakti isa puNya svaya hI tIna-cAra caTi apane hI gAloM para taDAtaDa jaha kArya ko apane hAtha meM le aura sArehI patra saMkalita kara lie| vahA~ hama donoM ke atirikta tIsarA koI na thaa| mamapAdita kagakara prakAzita karAe, mere pAsa lagabhaga meM pravAka kiMkartavyavimUDha-sA jaDavat khar3A raha gyaa| 100 patra hoge jinhe dene ko maharpa tayAra h| DA. makacha na sajhA aura unake caraNa pakar3akara vahI baiTha upAdhye ne lagabhaga bIsa bana gayo kA . gayA aura vinakha-vilakha kara rotA rhaa| meM prAtmaglAni se unakI vizada zodhapUrNa aitihAsika bhamikAe~ likhI hai gala rahA thA aura lajjita thA ki yaha saba kyA ho gayA jinakA deza-vi | thA ki yaha saba kyA ho gayA jinakA deza-videza meM samAdara hayA hai, aura ve saba aMgrejI thA; use meTA nahIM jA sakatA thA, mai taba taka rotA rahA me hai| prata sAmAnya bhAratIya unase pUrNatayA avagata nahI hai jaba taka ki nIce se bulAvA nahI pA gayA / bulAvA pAte isalie unakA hindI meM anuvAda kAyA jaaye| sAtha hI nIce samAroha meM jAna laga / sAtha hI merA pATha para unake lagabhaga 100 zodhapUrNa phuTakara nibandha bhI hai jinakA vatsalatApUrvaka hAtha pherate hue mujhe bhI uThAkara sAtha nIce hindI anuvAda apekSita hai| unakA antima nibandha samAroha meM le ge| mai bahuta hI bojhila thA, aparAdhI 'yApanIya maya" se saMbadhita thA jise unhone 17 julAI, jaimI dazA meM vahA baiThA rahA, para ve sthitaprajJa kI bhAMti 1673 ko perisa meM hone vAlI antarrASTrIya porieTala paNazAta praura pravadAta mana se abhinandana samAroha meM kAgresa meM par3hA thaa| usakA anuvAda 'anekAnta' meM prakAsammilita hae sabhI praupacArikatAmo ke bAda jaba unakA zita ho gayA hai| prabhI jalAI 1675 me jaba dillI meM unase bhASaNa humA to usame unhoMne merI aura mere kAma (bhaDANe bheMTa haI thI to unakI utkaTa abhilASA thI ki unakA kI sUcI) kI bhUri-bhUri prazamA kI aura logo se isa lekhana hindI vAle bhI pddh'eN| merA uparyukta saMsthAno se kArya me pUrA-pUrA sahayoga dene kA prAgraha eva apIla kii| anurodha hai ki ve unake lekhana ko hindI me prastuta karAne meM yaha saba sunakara bar3A vismita thA ki abhI-abhI Upara kA uttaradAyitva sbhaale| maiM apanI ora se pUrA-pUrA kamare meM kyA huaA thA aura aba yahA kyA ho rahA hai ? merA sahayoga dene ko vacanabaddha hai| mana dhula gayA thA aura unake prati merA hRdaya zraddhA se DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne DA. upAdhye ke viSaya gadagada ho uThA thaa| isa rahasya kA mai aAja taka apane me Rgveda kI nimna RcA kA ullekha kiyA hai --- mana meM bahumUlya nidhi kI bhAMni sajoe rahA ki kahI saktuma iva titaunA punanto kisI ko sunAkara yA kaha kara halkA na ho jAU / prAja yatradhIrAmanasAvAcama prkrt| (zeSa pR0 23 para)

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bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA zramaNa saMskRti 1) zrI rAjamala jaina, naI dillI zramaNa saMskRti ke mahAn unnAyaka bhagavAna mahAvIra (jo sAMgArika viSayo me khinna yA udAsIna kA isa varSa 2500vAM nirvANa mahotsava manAyA gayA athavA tapasyA karatA hai)| isame bhArata sarakAra kA bhI yogadAna rhaa| yaha eka anya prAcArya ne kahA haiucita hI hai ki jisa prakAra mahAtmA buddha ke 2500veM parityajya napo rAjya zramaNo jAyate mahAn / janma-divama para svatantra bhArata kI sarakAra ne apanI tapasA prAya sabadha napo hi zrama ucyate / / zraddhAjali arpita kI thI, umI bhAti zramaNa saskRti ke (rAjA apane rAjya ko tyAgakara tathA tapa se sabadha agradUta mahAvIra aura unakI isa deza ko dena para bhI joDakara mahAna thamaNa bana jAte hai kyoki tapa hI thama kahalAtA hai|) vicAra-vimarza huprA / mahAvIra apanA rAja-pATa tyAgakara tapa karane cala prAcIna kAla meM aneka zramaNa parampagae thii| kintu die the, yaha marvavidita hai / baddha bhI cala die the / imI. unakI dhArA inanI kSINa rahI ki dhIre-dhIre zramaNa zabda lie inako mAnane vAle tapamvI zramaNa kahalAe / kevala mahAvIra aura buddha ke anuyAyiyo taka hI mImita lekina zramaNa kA prathaM prAcona kAla meM digambara muni ho gyaa| DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla kA mata hai ki / hotA thaa| isakA pramANa bAlmIki rAmAyaNa kI gobinda"prAcIna kAla me gobatika, zvAvanika, dizAbatika pAdi rAjIya TIkA meM milatA hai, jahA~ spaSTa likhA hai . saikar3o prakAra ke zramaNamArgI prAcArya the| unhIM meM se eka "zramaNA digambArA . zramaNA vAtavasanA iti nighaMTu." nigrantha mahAvIra hupa aura dUmare buddh| praurI kI paramparA ke anusAra zramaNa kA artha digamvara (muni) aura vAyu hI lagabhaga nAmazeSa ho gaI yA aitihAsika kAla meM vizeSa- jisake vastra hai aisA hotA hai| rUpa se parivartita ho gii|" prAcInatA bhAratIya darzana ke itihAsa se paricita jana bhalI bhAti vAtarazanA zabda zramaNa saMskRti ko kama-se-kama Rgveda jAnate haiM ki mahAvIra kI paramparA buddha se kahI adhika kAla taka to purAtana siddha karatA hI hai| Rgveda ko eka prAcIna hai| RcA me likhA hai / munayo dhAtarazanaH (vAyu hI jinakI zramaNa zabda mekhalA hai aise muni prarthAt digambara saadhu)| mahAvIra kI zramaNa paraMparA aura usakI prAcInatA eva prasiddha vidvAn DA. hIrAlAla jaina ne bhAgavata purANa kA bhAratIya saMskRti meM usake yogadAna ko samucita rUpa se uddharaNa isa prakAra diyA hai: "bahiNi tasminneva viSNudatva bhagavAn paramapibhi prasAdito nAma priya cikIrSayA samajhane ke lie zramaNa zabda ke vyutpattimUlaka artha ko tadavarodhAyane meru devyA dharmAn darzathitukAmo bAtarazanAnA jAna lenA ucita hogaa| yaha zabda zramdhAtu se banA hai zramaNAnAm RSINAm UrdhvamagthinA zuklayA tanvAvatAra jisake do artha hote hai---zrAMta honA yA thakanA aura tapa (bhA0 pu0 5-3-20), arthAt yajJa meM parama RSiyo dvArA karanA (zrama tapasi khede c)| abhidhAna rAjeMdra nAmaka prasanna kie jAne para, he viSNadatta, pArIkSita, svaya zrI zabdakoza me zramaNa zabda kA artha isa prakAra samajhAyA bhagavAn (viSNa) mahArAja nAbhi kA priya karane ke lie gayA hai: "zrAmyati saMsAra viSayeSu vinno bhavatIni vA inake ranivAsa meM mahArAnI mA devI ke garbha meM pAe / tapasyatIti vaashrmnn:"| unhoMne isa pavitra zarIra kA avatAra vAtarazanA zramaNa

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20, varSa 26, ki0 1 anekAnta RSiyoM ke dharmoM ko prakaTa karane kI icchA se grahaNa kiyaa|" hai, kimI se kucha lenA-denA nahIM rakhate, zAMtacitta hote hai ukta uddharaNa se bhI prathama jaima tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha kA aura hAtha meM bhojana karate hai)| prAja bhI digambara sAdha mabadha zramaNa paraMparA se jur3a jAtA hai| inakA bhI ullekha kisI pAtra me bhojana grahaNa na kara hastasapuTa me hI bhojana Rgveda meM pAtA hai| isa prakAra mahAvIra jisa zramaNa lete hai aura digambara hote hai| paraparA ke unnAyaka the, vaha atyaMta prAcIna hai| pramukha vizeSatAyeM evaM upalabdhiyAM zramaNa, vAtarazana ke atirikta ima saskRti ke sAdhako zramaNa saMskRti kI kucha mahatvapUrNa upalabdhiyA isa ko brAtya (bato kA pAlana karane vAle-aba bhI digabara prakAra hai| maniko pAca mahAbrato kA pAlana karanA hotA hai) ahiMsA -- na kevA mahAvIra aura unake pUrvakSapaNaka, mAdi se sambodhita kiyA jAtA thaa| brAtya vartI tIrthakaroM ne apitu mahAtmA buddha ne bhI hiMsA kA zabda kA ullekha to vedo me bhI pAyA hai| mahAvIra upadeza diyA thaa| mahAvIra dvArA poSita zramaNa saMskRti bhI zramaNa muni kahalAte hai| unhoRSi ke rUpa meM kadAcit me jitanA sUkSma vizleSaNa aura pAlana ahisA kA huA hI saMbodhita kiyA jAtA hai| hama apanI bhASA meM bhI hai utanA zAyada anya kimI saskRti meM nahI huprA / usane RSi-muni ina yugala zabdoM kA prayoga karate hai| isakA pahimA ko paramadharma ghoSita kiyaa| jiyo aura jIne do kAraNa yaha hai ki muni kA artha hI hai jo manana yA citana kA siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyaa| usane yaha jarUra kahA ki kare athavA jAne / tapa kI sAdhanA ke dvArA hI vaha aisA mana, vacana thora kArya ina tIno meM se kisI prakAra se bhI kara sakatA hai| jo pUrI taraha jAna letA hai vaha sapUrNa hisA nahIM karanI cAhie / kimI kA buga soca lene mAtra jJAnI athavA kevalajJAnI ho jAtA hai| taba usa zramaNa se hI vyakti hisA kA bhAgI ho jAtA hai| ko tIrthakara kahA jAtA hai| mahAvIra isI prakAra ke eka prazna prAya. kiyA jAtA hai ki kyA mahAvIra zramaNa the| dvArA upadiSTa pahisA kA pUrI taraha pAlana sabhava hai| megasthanIja ne apane yAtrA vivaraNa meM do sapradAyoM kA mahAvIra ne isakA atyaMta vyAvahArika samAdhAna prastuta ullekha kiyA hai| ve hai---saramanAI (thamaNa) tathA kiyA hai ki rAjA, kisAna nathA sAdhAraNa gRhastha hiMsA se bAcamanAI (braahmnn)| hvenasAMga ne bhI thamaNeram kA jikra pUrI taraha baca nahIM skte| yuddha hogA to rAjA ko kiyA hai| anyAyI kA mukAbalA karanA hI hogaa| kisAna hana kabIra ne zramaNa sAdhanoM kA ullekha zevar3A (zvetavastra calAyegA to kucha jIva mareMge hii| gRhastha bhI jaba calegA ghArI sAdhu ke ke rUpa me) kiyA hai| jAyasI ne spaSTa hI to kucha prANi usake pairoM tale kucale jaayege| aise logo digambara bzada apane siMhaladvIpa varNana meM prayukta kiyA hai| ke lie unhone aNuvrato kA vidhAna kiyA hai| aise loga yaha pratijJA le ki ve svayaM kisI prakAra kI hiMsA jAnabUjhaukta uddharaNo aura vivecana kA sAra yaha hai ki kara (jaise apane mAhAra ke lie kisI prANI kA vadha digambara zramaNa paraparA Rgveda se lekara mAja taka satata karanA, Adi) nahI kreNge| yajJo ke lie bhI unhoMne pravahamAna rahI hai| isake viparIta vauddha paraparA anya aneka hisA kA virodha kiyA thaa| phalataH yajJo me hisA lagabhaga prAcIna paraparAmo kI bhAti luptaprAya ho gii| zAyada isakA baMda hI ho gii| zramaNa saskRti ke sAdhu ke lie unhoMne kAraNa yaha rahA ho ki mahAvIra kI parapaga ke zramaNo ne saba prakAra ko hiMsA vajita kI hai| isa unhone mahAvrata tapasyA kara prAtmakalyANa ke lakSya ko nahIM bhulaayaa| ve kI sajJA dii| zramaNa sAdhu hiMsA kA uttara hisA se kabhI apane dharma kA pracAra karane ke lie bhArata ke hI andara yA nahI degaa| yaha sAdhUpada bhI kaThina abhyAma ke bAda kisI bAhara ghUmate nahI phire / bhata hari ne apane vairAgyazataka me ko prApta ho sakatA hai| unakA bar3A sudara varNana kiyA hai "ekAkI nispRha. zAntaH ahiMsA kA eka dArzanika prAdhAra bhI hai jo ki karma pANipAtro digambara."(marthAt ye loga ekAkI jIvana bitAte siddhAMta se spaSTa ho jAtA hai

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bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA zramaNa saMskRti 21 karmavAda--zramaNa saskRti kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki pUrNa upalabdhi anekAtavAda hai| usake anusAra vastu me aneka yaha mAnyatA yaha sasAra anAdi hai| isakA koI prata yA guNa hote hai| kisI eka hI prata para jora dene se kartA nahIM hai| isame jo anaMta prANI hai, ve apane acche- mAre bakher3e hote hai| sAdhaka ko ekAgI dRSTikoNa se bare kamoM ke anumAra vibhinna yoniyoM meM bhramaNa kara rahe bacanA caahie| jisa prakAra eka hI vyakti eka hI samaya hai| isa prakAra jIva kA hai| vaha acchA-burA jo bhI meM pitA, mAmA, nAnA, pati mAdi ho sakatA hai, usI karatA hai usakA phala bhogatA hai| yadi vaha apanI mukti prakAra eka hI vastu meM vibhinna dRSTikoNo se vibhinna ke upayukta karma nahI karatA to acchI-burI yoniyo meM prakAra kI vizeSatAe eka hI samaya meM sabhava ho sakatI ghUmatA rahatA hai| jaba vaha acche karma kara kevala prAtma- hai| prAdhunika bhASA me yahI sAkSepavAda hai| isa prakAra, kalyANa ma apanA dhyAna lagAtA hai to usakI mukti ho ima siddhAta dvArA kisI bhI padArtha ke aneko dharmoM yA jAtI hai| kahA bhI hai - guNoM kA sAmajasya UparI taura para virodhI dikhAI dene svaya karma karotyAtmA svaya tatphalamaznute / para bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| muni vidyAnada jI ne isa svaya bhramati mamAre svaya tammAd vimacyate / / siddhAta kA bahI sarala bhASA ma isa prakAra samajhAyA hai mukta ho jAne para vaha dUsage ke lie kevala prAdarza "jaba hama kahate hai ki prAtmA nitya hai taba hamAga dRSTikoNa rUpa hotA hai| vaha dUsaro ko na koI varadAna detA hai aura bhautika yAtmA--dravya para hotA hai, kyoki bhAtmA bhautika na koI dnndd| dravya hai, prata vaha na to astra-zastroM se chinna-bhinna ho ukta siddhAta kA mAra yaha hamA ki zramaNa saskRti sakatA hai, na agni se jala makatA hai, na jala sa gala kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki sasAra ke samasta prANiyo ko jIna sakatA hai pora na vAyu se sUma sakatA hai| vaha pranAdi paura apanA vikAsa karane kA pUga adhikAra hai unheM caMki / kAla meM anA kAla nA banA rahatA hai| parantu jaba hama apane prayatlo se prAtmA se paramAtmA bananA hai, ata mAmArika AvAgamana kA mukhya karake prAtmA ko paryAya unakA kartavya hai ki ve na kevala eka dUsare kI rakSA kareM (bhava-damA) kA vicAra karate hai. nA pAramA pranitya siddha mora isa prakAra eka-dUsare ko apanI AdhyAtmika unnati hotI hai kyoki AtmA kabhI manuSya-bhava meM hotI hai, kA avasara deM, balki eka-dUsare se mahayoga kreN| kabhI mara kara pazu-pakSI Adi ho jAtI hai| isa taraha eka sAmAjika kSetra meM ukta siddhAta kA yaha niSkarSa hI pAtmA me nityatA bhI hai aura anityatA bhii| pR0 83, nikalatA hai ki koI bhI janma se U~ca-nIca nahIM hotaa| tIrthakara vadhamAna) apane karmoM ke kAraNa manuSya UcI-nIcI sthiti ko prApta takazAstra ke kSetra meM anekAtavAda kA rUpAtara hotA hai| isIlie zramaNa maskRti aspRzyatA ko nahI syAvavAda hai| yaha zramaNa saskRti kA pramukha sikhAta hai| maantii| isake anusAra, kisI padArtha kA kathana sAta prakAra se vizva maMtrI-samasta prANiyo kI ahiMsA ke kAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| vistAra meM na jAkara ima taka ke kucha zramaNa saMskRti vizvamaitrI kI prabala mamarthaka hai kyoki mopAna hai : vastu hai, vastu nahI he, vastu kA kathana sabhava isI me sabakA hita hai| nahI hai, ityAdi / udAharaNa ke lie, himAlaya utara meM punarjanma me vizvAsa ---jIva jaba taka. kukarma karatA hai, himAlaya uttara meM nahI hai (jaba hama cIna ke bhUgola rahegA taba taka use apane karmoM ke anumAra janma lete ko dhyAna me rakhe tb)| isI prakAra, yaha kahA jA sakatA hai rahanA pdd'egaa| isa prakAra jaba naka karmoM kI zRkhalA se ki himAlaya kA ThIka-ThIka varNana sabhava nahI hai (prvktvy)| vaha chuTa nahI jAtA taba taka usakA janma hotA rahegA-- yaha bAta bhUtatva kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para kahI jA yaha zramaNa saMskRti kA eka mUla siddhAta hai| makatI hai| syAvAda meM jo 'syAt' lagA hai usakA artha anekAMtavAda-darzana ke kSetra me zramaNa saskRti kI mahatva kucha loga zAyada karate hai aura use sazayavAda batAte hai

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22, varSa 26, ki01 anekAnta kintu usakA sahI artha DA. hIrAlAla jaina ke zabdo meM bIca bAjAra pAne kI lar3AI) prAdi ke lie uttaradAyI isa prakAra hai : "vyAkaraNAtmaka vyatpatti ke anumAra myAt hai| jo tapasvI zramaNa hote hai unake pAsa to kucha bhI prasa dhAtu kA vidhiliga anyapurupa eka bacana kA rUpa hai nahIM hotA / eka lagoTI bhI nahI hotii| kaThina-se-kaThina jisakA artha hotA hai aisA ho, eka sabhAvanA yaha bhI hai|" zIta meM bhI ve pupAla para tanika mo late hai| zeSa samaya vAstava meM, syAdvAda mazayabAda nahIM apitu samanvayavAda hai| prAtmadhyAna meM lagAte hai| hA umake pAma do vastueM hotI ukta dono vAdo kA eka sUpariNAma zramaNa saMskRti hai.---kamaNDala aura mora ke pakho meM banI picchi jisake kI sahiSNutA aura udAratA ke rUpa meM hamA hai| zramaNa / lie mora ko matAnA nahI paDanA / usake paMkha yU hI par3e mata ke anuyAyI gajAno ne anya matAvalambiyo ke sAtha mila jAte hai| isa prakAra zramaNa aparigrahavAda kA siddhAta manyAya nahI kiyaa| zramaNa gRhastho ne sAMpradAyika utpAta eka svaicchika samAjavAda kA middhAta siddha hotA hai / nahIM kie / ve sadA samadRSTi bane rhe| vAstavika zramaNa yaha to marvavidita hai ki zramaNa saskRti kA sarvAdhika yA muni to sahiSNatA ke anyatama udAharaNa hote rahe hai| spaSTa lakSaNa tapa hai / yaha napa kitanA kaThina hotA hai yaha unake acelakatva (digabaratva) prAdi ke kAraNa una para kimI se chipAnA hai| acelakatva yA digambarava eka pattharoM prAdi kI varSA bhI yadi kI gaI, to unhoMne zAti pratyata hI kaThina mAdhanA hai| virale hI use mAgha yA pUrvaka use jhelA / kucha ne to apane prANa bhI de die kiMtu nibhA sakane kI mAmadhyaM rakhate hai| vAstava meM vaha yoga hiMsA kA uttara himA meM nahIM diyaa| ya.: zrama kI mAdhana hai / hara deza, kAla aura Rtu me usa para dRDha rahanA parAkASThA hai| eka mahAmAdhanA hI nA he| uma taka pahucane ke lie zramaNa __ sahiSNutA ke eka jvalata udAharaNa ke rUpa me kavi samkRti ma pratimAo (mIDhiyo) kA vidhAna hai| ekAeka prAnaMdadhana (zvetAMbara jaina saMpradAya ke eka mahAtmA) kI koI bhI acelaka nahI ho jaataa| aise mahAyAgo hisaka zramaNa ke gamakSa paragara vairI bho apanA vara-bhAva bhana eka racanA dRSTavya hai - rAma kaho rahamAna kaho koU kAnda ho mahAdeva rii| jAte haiN| mahAvIra kI upadeza mabhA ke bAre meM yaha kahA pAramanAtha kaho, koI, brahmA maphana brahma svayameva / / jAtA hai ki usameM zara aura gAya jaise pazu bhI nizzaka nija pada rame rAma mo kahie rahama kare rahimAna ge| upasthita rahate the / patajali ke yAgadarzana meM kahA gayA haikarSe, karama kAnha mo kahie mahAdeva nirvANa / / "himA pratiSThAyA tatmannidhau bairtyaag.|" (jo ahiMsaka parase rUpa pArasa so kahie, brahma cinhe mo brahma rii| hai, usake samIpa kisI kI bara-bhAvanA nahI rahatI : muni vaha vidhi sAdho pApa prAnandadhana, cetanamaya niSkarma rii|| vidyAnarajI dvArA ukta pustaka meM uddhRt)| sajepa meM kahA prAdhika kSetra me, zramaNa saskRti kI dena aparigrahavAda jAe to zramaNa saskRti nivRttimArgI hai| kA siddhAta hai| isakA marala artha yaha hai ki vyakti ko tapa kA Avazyaka praga caritra hai / zramaNa saskRti meM lobha nahIM karanA cAhie aura usake pAsa itanA mvaya ho usakI hI pradhAnatA hai| usame bAhya kriyA-karma yA karmaho jitanA pratyata pAvazyaka ho / rAjA aura gRhasthA prAdi kAMDa ke lie sthAna nahIM hai / usame AtmasAdhanA para hI kI sthiti ke anusAra isakA pariNAma bhinna hogA hii| ina adhika bala hai / caritra kA pAlana binA samyaka jJAna ke logo ke lie dAna kI makhya vyavasthA zramaNa saskRti meM sabhava nahI / isa kAraNa zramaNa paraparA samyaka jJAna, samyaka hai| kamyunijma bhI aisI sthiti kI kalpanA karatA hai jaba darzana aura samyak cAritrya kI triveNI kA mahatva detI manuSya kevala apanI prAvazyakatA mAtra ko hI apanA lakSya hai| use mokSa kA mArga kahA gayA hai / (mamyagdarzanajJAnabanAegA aura aise samAja meM rAjya kI bhI AvazyakatA cAritrANimokSamArgaH) / nahI rhegii| prAkhira prAvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha kI sRSTi ke viSaya me zramaNa saskRti kI mAnyatA hai ki vaha pravRtti ho to corI, hiMsA, asahiSNutA, yuddha (dezoM ke anAdi hai| usakA koI karttA nahI hai / yadi koI kartA ho

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bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA zramaNa saMskRti to usake prayojana mora kucha prANiyoM ko sukha aura kucha vizvavidyAlayoM me zodha-prabandhoM kA viSaya bana rahI hai| ko duHkha, prAdi nAnA zaMkAeM utpanna hotI hai aura yaha vyAkaraNa maura koza kalA ke kSetra meM bhI zramaNa pIche tathya ubharatA hai ki jIva sRSTikartA kI anukapA para hI nahI rhe| jainendravyAkaraNa, zabdAnuzAsana (zAkaTAyana), sadA pAzrita rahegA / kintu zramaNa saMskRti hara prAtmA ko hemacandrAcAryakRta siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana, prAdi prAkRta paramAtmA banane kA adhikAra detI hai| Rgveda meM bhI kahA koza 'pAiyalacchInAmamAlA' aura hemacandra kI 'dezI nAmagayA hai __ mAlA' prAja bhI saikaDo hiMdI zabdo kI vyutpatti sikha ko pradyA veda ka iha pravAcet / karane meM sahAyaka hai| kuta ajAtA kuta iyaM vimRSTi : (10-126-6) vAstukalA ke kSetra meM zramaNa saskRti ke prAja bhI (arthAt kauna ThIka se jAnatA hai aura kauna kaha vidyamAna kucha pramukha kIrtistabha isa prakAra hai- khajarAho ke jaina madira prAbU ke jaina madira, zravaNabelagolA (mamara sakatA hai ki yaha mRSTi kahA se utpanna huI, DA. hIrAlAla ke nikaTa), kI gommaTezvara kI 57 phITa UMcI eka hajAra jaina dvArA uddht)| varSa prAcIna eka hI zilA ko kATakara banAI gaI pratimA, bhASA ke kSetra me zramaNa saskRti ko yaha zreya prApta khaDavA ke pAma sthita bar3avAnI nAmaka sthAna ke pAsa hai ki usane bola-cAla kI bhASAoM athavA loka bhASAmro vAvanagajAjI ke nAma se pragiddha Rpabhadeva kI 84 phITa ko hI sadA apnaayaa| mahAvIra ne apane upadeza ardha UcI pratimA jo ki pahADa me hI utkIrNa kI gaI hai, mAgadhI me die| prardhamAgadhI prAkRta, zaurasenI prAkRta cittoDa kA kIrtistabha, bAdAmI (dakSiNI bhArata),khaDagiri, aura mahArASTrI prAkRta meM vipula thamaNa sAhitya kI racanA udayagiri (ur3IsA) aura gvAliyara kI guphAe / huI, jo ki aba dhIre-dhIre prakAza meM pA rahI hai aura bI0 1/324, janakapurI, naI dillI-58 (pR0 20 kA zepAza) atra sakhAyaH sakhyAni jAnate / mbAnta sukhAya application, or what is more bhadraSAM lkssmiirnihitaadhivaaci| ancient terminology, was des gnated as the aura mAtha hI likhA hai ki : Dr. Upadhye is niSkAraNa dharma prescribed for an entellectual. a past master in the art of criticai editing. DA0 upAdhye ke viSaya me dezI va videzI vidvAnoM ne He combines in himself the learning oft the jo kucha likhA hai vaha unake susapAdita granthoM meM paThanIya hai| oriental pandit and the agues eyed critical ava se lagabhaga 13 varSa pUrva 'sanmati sadeza' meM DA. faculty of the new scholar, with which he upAdhya kA jIvana paricaya maina hI likhA thA / pAja unheM approaches his task. By a system of checks antima zraddhAjali prastuta karate hA hadaya bar3A gadgad paura and counter-checks evolved for himself he Is dukha meM abhibhUta hai| maiM apane ataraga kI pIr3A ko zabdoM able to present a thoroughly relable text of ma prakaTa nahIM kara pA rahA ha para jJAna kI jo pAvana the old classics for which the Mss. material jyoti bajha gaI hai, use antima praNAmaka gtA hupA hArdika is sometimes scanty zraddhA vyakta karatA hai| he mahAtman / jahA~ bhI raha, sukhaDr Upadhye has trained himself in the zAnti me jJAna ke patha ko grAnnAMkita karate rhe| discipline of making tbe best use of his "zubhAste santu panthAna." summer and winter vacations. He loads them zruta kuTIra, with strenuous labour ande xtracts from them 68 kuntI mArga, a beautiful harvest He seems to suckjoy from vizvAsanagara, zAhadarA, this hobby, which is but another name for dillI

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mAlavA ke zAjApura jile kI aprakAzita jaina pratimAe~ 0 DA. surendrakumAra prArya, ujjaina mAlava pradeza jaina dharma ke vikAsa evaM prasAra kA jile ke jaina avazeSo ke sarvekSaNa kI vistRta yojanA pramukha sthala rahA hai| yahA~ mauryavazIya zAsaka saprati ne banAI aura hamane isa dizA meM sarvekSaNa kiyaa| iname jaina dharma va sagha ke caturvidha vikAsa meM atyadhika zrama jaina tIrtha makmI, jAmanera, pacora, mundagmI, pASTA, sakheDI, kiyA aura aneka zramaNoM ko gajyAzraya dekara jaina dharma mAraMgapura, zAjApura, zujAlapura Adi sthAno para jAkara jaina ke utthAna me apUrva yogadAna diyaa| 7vI zatAbdI me avazeSo ko khojaa| aneka jaina avazeSa sarvaprathama prakAza lekara padrahavI zatAbdI taka mAlavA meM aneka jaina madiro me paaye| jaina mUrtikalA kA inameM caramotkarSa to hai hI, aura tIrthakara-pratimAno kA nirmANa huA / sapUrNa mAlava parantu paramAra-kAla ke mUrtizilpa me inakI nirmiti vizeSa pradeza kI tIrthakara-pratimAno kA eka apUrva mUrti-sagrahAlaya AkarSaka evaM zodhAtmaka hai / yahA para inhI aprakAzita mAlava-prAntIya jaina-sabhA ne ujjaina ke jaryAmahapure ge jaina avazeSo para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| sthApita kiyA aura vigata 40 varSoM meM ekatrita 510 maksI yA zrI maksI jI jaina tIrtha ujjaina se 20 kilomUrtiyoM kA jaina saMgrahAlaya bnaayaa| yaha mAlavA kI jaina- mITara utara-pUrva dizA meM sthita hai| yahA~ para vizAla jaina pratimAno ke zodha kA kendra hai aura prativarSa hajAge / madira hai| grAga kA sthApatya mugalakAlIna hai aura bujiyA paryaTako dvArA dekhA jAtA hai| yahA~ gunA, badanAvara, dhAra, banI huI hai| dvAra kI mehagabeM muslima kalA kA namUnA IsAgata, godalamaU, makmI, grASTA, monakaccha, devAma, peza karatI hai / kivadatI hai ki mUrtiyo aura madiro ko javAma, idAra, idaukha, jhArdA kI jaina pratimAeM ekatrita dhvasta karatA huA, mahamUda khilajI kA menApati, jaba hai| inakA keTalAga kramAkAkaraNa, prAkAra, mUti-zilpagata idhara se gajarane vAlA thA. taba yaha jaina tIrtha va madira baca vizeSatAe~, lakSaNa, vAhana, nIrthakara-pahacAna, nirmANakAla jAya, isa vicAra meM rAto rAta masjida ke praveza dvAra aura pAdapITha para abhilenva Adi kA kArya maine ujjaina ke __ kI bhAti sthApatya ko nimita kI gaI aura prAkAntA ko hI utmAhI paM0 sanyadhara kumAra meThI ke mAtha milakara dUra se hI dikhA diyA gayA ki yaha masjida hai| prAja mI pichale 7 varSoM meM pUrNa kiyA hai| saMpUrNa bhArata ke jaina yaha praveza dvAra, bujiyA eva gumbada sthita hai aura avazeSo ke prAkalana meM isa sagrahAlaya kA apanA viziSTa ziSTa bAhara se dekhane para magjida kA hI bhrama paidA karatA hai| sthAna hai| zrI maksI jI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa me vikhyAta hai| 12vImAlavA kA zAjApura jilA apanI jaina purAtAtvika 13vI zatAbdI se hI yaha atizaya kSetra ke rUpa meM prasiddha saMpadA me atyanta vaibhava-saMpanna hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ho cukA thaa| yahA~ prativarSa vizAla melA lagatA hai| 2500ve varSa ke prabamara para pa0 manyadhara kumAra seThI aura ujjaina ke sidhiyA prAcya zodha-saMsthAna (yahA 20 hajAra masI jainatIrtha ke matrI hukumacaMda jI jhAjharI ne zAjApura hamnalikhita graMtha surakSita hai) se eka jaina hastalikhita

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mAlavA ke zAjApura jile kI aprakAzita jana pratimAe~ zIlarasa rAsa" dekhane me pAyA hai| isake grathakAra mora mAnastama yahA~ surakSita hai jo paramAra kAlIna mUrti nA kAla ne sa. 1661 me maksI tIrtha meM ime zilpa se maDina hai| kevala sundara sI ko hI jana pratimAyo kiyaa| isakI eka prati ko 'gujarAta nA jaina kavi', para alaga zodha-lekha apekSita hai / yahA para dhAtu-pratimAeM 2.pa.883 me prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| ujjaina kI 1510 aura 1425 vikrama saMvata kI milI hai| sumatinAtha prati me 'magasI jI ko stavana' alaga bhAga hai aura isame kI eka padmAsana me aura mahAvIra kI eka khaDgAsana rUpa makamI mAhAtmya' bhI diyA gayA hai aura isa sthAna ko kI pratimA bhavya hai| ve bhI 13vI zatAbdI ke uttarAddha pratizaya kSetra kahA gayA hai / nizcaya hI 200 varSa kI meM nirmita huI thii| mundarasI kI pratimAe~ vizAla hai tathA paramparA ko isa hastalikhita grantha meM lipibaddha kiyA gayA kAle patthara meM nirmita hai| 13 phITa U~cI padamAsana hai| ata: 13-14vI zatAbdI me maksI eka jaina tIrtha ke meM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA svata hI apanI utkRSTatA evaM rUpa meM vikhyAta thA / yahA~ lagabhaga 58 jaina matiyA dekhane bhavyatA kA pramANa prastuta karatI hai| isI prakAra sakheDI, meM pAI (jiname se 27 para pramilekha hai| jo 12vI se jAmanera aura prATA meM bhI lagabhaga 103 jaina avazeSoM 16vI zatAbdI ke madhya nirmita huI thI / jaina gaccha, ko dekhA gayA eva unakI sUcI banAI gii| madAraka, sagha eva guru ziSyAvalI aura unake nAma yahA~ se pacAra meM eka aimI gaDhI dekhane meM pAI jo jaina bhagnAnimita jana hastalikhita gratho me milatA hai / mahAvIra, vazeSo se bharI par3I hai| lagamaga 78 jana avazeSa to hamane pArzvanAtha, prAdinAtha, zreyAsanAtha aura sumatinAtha kI sUcIbaddha kiye / anya mUrtiyAM bhI samIpa ke gharo me jaDa salakSaNa pratimAe hai / vAhana, lAchana evaM yakSa-yakSiNI bhI lI gaI hai, unheM nahI likha ske| yahA kI eka 3 phuTa x jana pratimA-vijJAna ke AdhAra para hai| 24 tIrthakaro ke 2 phuTa jaina pratimA ko hama loga uThA kara bhI lAye eka pada-cihna-prastara-phalaka para paramA-kAlIna lipi meM aura aba use jana saMgrahAlaya, jaryAsahapurA, ujjaina meM sabhI tIrthakaro ke nAma hai aura anta meM isa zilpa kI nAmapaTTa, prApti sthAna eva prAkAra ke mAtha pradazita bhI nimiti kA samaya vikrama saMvata 1350 diyA gayA hai| kara diyA hai| zAjApura aura mAraMgapura meM bhI lagabhaga jana padmAvatI, dhAtuyaMtra evaM mAnastaMma yahA kI anya jana 22 jana pratimAeM dekhI jo abhI taka aprakAzita thii| purAtAtvika upalabdhiyoM hai / madira me zvetAmbara eva iname me para caudahavI-pandrahavI zatAbdI ke abhilekha digambara dono hI samAna rUpa se prAte hai| yahA~ hai| isI prakAra eka pratimA (1210 vikrama saMvata kI) saMvata 1548 meM zrI jIvarAja pApar3IvAla dvArA nimina zajAlapura ke eka grAma meM dekhane ko milii| saMgamaramara pratimA abhilekha-yukta hai| upayukta vivaraNa me yaha sapATa hai, ki paramAra yuga meM zAjApura jile kI DAkodiyA madI ke sundaramI grAma zAjApura jilA jaina dharma kA eka kendra thA aura mAlavA se lagabhaga 52 jana pratimAe~ prakAza meM pAI / yahA unhe ___ kA pramukha jaina tIrtha thaa| yahA ko jaina mUrtiyoM ko dhIre-dhIre eka sthAna para ekatrita kara diyA gayA hai| vaise pUga grAma prakAzita eva sagrahIta kiyA jAnA cAhiye / eka TIle ke pAsa basA hai jisame me prativarSa tIrthakara pratimAe~, jaina maMdira ke magna mAga meM barasAta ke bAda dikhAI 4 dhanvantari mArga, par3a jAtI haiN| yahA kisI samaya vizAla jaina mandira ganI naM. 4, mAdhavanagara, avazya hI rahA hogA / pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra, jaina padmAvatI ujjaina (ma pra)

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tIna aprakAzita racanAeM zrI kundanalAla jaina priMsipala, dillI isa varSa (jUna 75) grISmAvakAza meM madhyapradeza ke (1) bAlamaNI vitta-dazalakSaNI ke bAraha kavitta vibhinna gAMvoM evaM nagaroM meM jAne kA supavasara prApta hunaa| baDe hI sarasa aura AdhyAtmikatA se protaprota haiN| lagabhaga do-DhAI hajAra kilo mITara kI yAtrA kI hogii| pratyeka dharma para eka eka kavitta hRdaya ko cha jAne vAlA apanI prAdata ke anumAra, jahA bhI jAtA hUM, pADulipiyo hai| inake kartA kA spaSTa pramANa prApta nahI hotA hai, para kI talANa kiyA hI karatA hai aura jahA jo kucha upa- hara kavitta meM mAyA paradaunu zabda kA prayoga milatA hai labdha hotA hai use grahaNa karane kA bharapUra prayatna karatA h| jisase prAbhAsa hotA hai ki inake kartA koI mAyAsiMha, prabakI bAra seTha mizrI nAla jI karerA ke saujanya se sa0 mAyA pramAda yA mAyA rAma nAma ke kavi hoMge aura 1701 kA lipibaddha 'banArasI vilAma sundara, suvAcya paradaunu inakA apanA upanAma, upAdhi yA vizeSaNa jaisA lipivAlA kalAtmaka haga se likhA humA prApta humaa| kucha pratIta hotA hai / jo bhI ho, para kavittoM ko dekhakara sAha motIlAla jI durjana lAla jI se sa. 1800 ke aisA lagatA hai ki mAyA paradInu jI ko apane samaya kA lagabhaga kI likhI nemicandrikA aura seTha rAjArAma jI koI bar3A hI pratibhAzAlI sazakta kavi honA cAhie aura vAMmagata bAloM se eka bahuta moTA guTakA prApta hunA inakI kaI mara bhI kRtiyAM upalabdha hone kI kalpanA jisameM saikar3oM pUjAyeM, stotra, kavitta, vinatiyA Adi saga- kI jAtI hai| yaha saba zodha aura khoja kA viSaya hai| granthAgAro ko kucha bArIkI se patholane para kavi ke viSaya isa guTake kI lambAI-cauDAI "X6" hai| pratyeka me kucha aura jAnakArI prApta ho skegii| phira bhI, sahRdaya panne meM 12-12 paMktiyAM hai aura pratyeka pakti meM 30-30 pAThaka ina kavitto kI arthagarimA aura racanAzailI se mAra haiM / isa guTake kA pUrNatayA nirIkSaNa karane para bhI prabhAvita hue binA na raha skeNge| aise sundara aura sarasa isakA lipikAla kahI nahI milA / sabhava hai ki prAdi prata evaM rocaka kavitta prAyaH sulabha nahI hote hai, kRpAlu pAThakoM ke phaTe hae pannoM meM kahI lupta ho gayA ho, para cUki isameM ko kavi mAyA paradaunu ke viSaya me kucha jAnakArI upapa. banArasIdAsa jI kI racanAe magRhIta hai. ataH isake labdha ho to mujhe avazya hI sUcita kreN| maiM unakA pratyalipikAna kI prAcInatA sa. 1700 ke lagabhaga to dhika grAbhAra maanuugaa| nizcita rUpa me pahuca ho jAtI hai| guTakA bahuta hI jINaM sthiti meM hai| isake bahuta se panne kATa kara nikAle gaye (2) vANavasI-dANadasI caudaha chaMdoM kI chottiihai| bahuta-se panne atyadhika jIrNazIrNa dazA meM hai aura kucha mI racanA hai jisame cAra dohe aura dasa caupAyA batahI prasta vyasta dazA meM hai| patra sampA bhI kaI jagaha hai| ina chando meM kavi ne go, svarNa, dAsI, bhavana, gAja, badalatI hai| isame kula patro ko marUpA lagabhaga eka hajAra turaga, kalatra, tila, bhUmi praura ratha ina daza bAno kA hogI aura choTI-moTI racanAe lagabhaga do sau se adhika jo varNana zAstro me milatA hai, usakA mAdhyAtmika dRSTi haiN| iname se salAna tona racanAe - (1) dazalakSaNI me baDA hI sundara vizleSaNa kiyA hai| jaina tatvajJAna kI kavitta, (2) dANasI pora (3) vadvamAnaslotra sarvayA daSTi se upayukta dAno kA jo vivecana ina chadoM meM kiyA praprakAzita aura ucca koTi kI racanA patIta huii| ana gayA hai vaha nizcaya hI baDA zreyaskara aura adhyAtma unheM yahA avikala rUpa se prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| pramiyo ko prApita karane vAlA hai| isa racanA ke

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tIna aprakAzita racanAyeM 27 racayitA kA kucha bhI atA-patA nahIM milatA hai jo kI bhAMni hI yaha stotra saMskRta bahala chaMdoM meM vidyamAna nizcaya hI bar3I cintA kA viSaya hai| hai| isake kartA kA bhI koI nAmollekha nahIM milatA hai| parantu yaha sarvathA aprakAzita hai, prata mahattvapUrNa bhI hai| (3) zrI vaImAnastrotra-yaha racanA bhATha saMskRta ye tIno racanAeM sarvathA aprakAzita hai aura chadoM meM racI gaI hai| racanA sarala paura prabhu ke guNagAna sAhityika evaM dhArmika dRSTi se bahuta hI upAdeya eva se bharapUra hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANa maho- zreyaskara hai| kRpAlu pAThaka inakA rasAsvAdana kareM pora ssava para jahA bhagavAn mahAvIra se sambandhita sabhI choTI- inake viSaya me tathA inake kartApro ke viSaya me kucha moTI racanAmoM kA sakalana hupA hai usame ise bhI sagahIta jAnakArI ho to prakAza me avazya hI lAe tathA mujhe bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / 50 dyAnatarAya jI viracita "narendra sUcita kara / meM atyadhika manugahIta houuNgaa| phaNIndra surendra pradhIza " ityAdi pArzvanAtha stuti dazalAkSaNI kavitta kuNDaliyA-jinavara mukha aravinda vAnI vividha visAla / dazalakSaNa ko dharma jihi varaNyau vividha rasAla / / varaNyau vividha rasAla hAla bhavajala ko haratA / badata deva pradeva bhUri ziva pada karatA / / cintAmaNi ko pAI jAi DAraha jina tiNavara / kaha mAyA paradaunu karahu bhASyI jo jinavara // 1 // uttama kSamA-tIratha dAna karo paya pAna dharau ura dhyAna lAgata niiko| jo tapa koTi karau vana meM vasito saba paura akAratha phIko / / dhama gharI ghara dhari jaTA sira bhUmi parI tanu ke tapasI ko| ke vrata aura kahai paradaunu kSamA bina pAvaka jAtu na jI ko / / 2 / / mArdava-jIti ke mAna kaSAya niratara atarabhUta dayA sudhreNge| bhAi tau ke samatA saba sau puni cAi sau te bhava loku treNge| sAdhi sabai paramAratha ko paradauna kahai maba kAja sarege / / 3 / / pArjava-prAraja saddha pranAma karau tajikai saba hI hiya kI kttilaaii| jo siva ko sukha cAhatu ho sura loka yahai saba loka bdd'aaii|| bhUli kahaM bhramate bhramate bhaTake bhava zrAvaka ko kali paaii| so vrata dAna binA paradaunu tinA kari saba ta visraaii||4|| satya-sAMcahi te pada pAi surappati sAhi te guNa gyAna ghaigo| sAMcahi te sura baMdata prAi ka sAha ne yasa pUri rhego|| sAcahi te upaja kala kIrati sAha te saba mAdhu khego| bolahu sAca kahai paradaunu sa sAMhi ta maraloka lahego // 5 / / zauca-soca rahai abhi atara bAhara ujjala nIra sarIra pakhArata / pUjata prAta jiNezvara ko cadana sau ghAMsa kesara gArata / / prakSata phala Naye pakavAna lai dIpaka dhapa mahAphala bhArata / ye paradaunu kahai vrata bhAva soM pApu narai aru porani tArata // 6 //

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28, varSa 29, ki. 1 anekAnta saMjama-saMjamu hai vrata ko mahi maMDanu saMyama hai yati mAraga ko dhanu / saMjamu hai saba jogu ko sAdhanu saMyama hai puni jotanu ko manu / / saMjamu hai paradIna sumAragu sayamu hai suci rAkhaNa ko tanu / sajamu the sura ke sukha pAvata saMjamu sau nibahai ziva saupanu // 7 // sapa-jA tapa tha pada hoi surappati yA tapa the niravAna cddh'egii| jA tapa the krama idrini jIti ke jA tapa the ati dhyANa bddh'ego|| jA tapa the paradauna kahai ura aMtara kevala jJAna rhaigii| tA tapa ko mana sAdhi re sAdhi vRthA kata aura upAdhi bar3hegI / / 8 pyAga-tyAgata saga parigraha ko puni Adara sau muni dAna daye hai| proSadha jJAna prahAra abha saba dai gati cAri ke pAra bhaye hai / / pAi (ya) pakhArata sAdhuni ke caranodaka pAvana zIsa bhaye hai| kIrati ke jaga kIrati gAi surappati ke sukha jAi lae hai // 6 // kicana-pAkicana kacane jyau kasi ka lakhi ke ruci so ura atara pAnata / ujjala jJAna meM mAtama dhyAna meM deha soM bhinna sadA kari jAnata / / je vidhi sau vrata ko pratipAlata le ratnatraya ko mana mAnata / je jaga meM janameM paradauna tinhe zivarUpa sadA hama jANata // 10 // brahmacarya-sIla ke sAgara jJAna ke ujAgara nAgara cAritta citta dharege ! pAtura kai mana ke vaca ke tana ke kari laM bhavaloka tareMge / mAyA kahai tinhi ke guNa le tinhi ke pada badana deva kreNge| babha bala tinhi ke graha sadara te siva sudAra jAi baraMge // 11 // kalasA-je nara dharma karai daza lakSaNa tatkSaNa te bhava loka trege| ke samatA saba jIvani sau paradauna kahai mamitA na ghaige| tApa tapa na kahUM bhava tApani pApa pravAhani meM na bahaiMga / mauna rahe niravAsana ha padmAsana hUM dhari dhyAna rahege // 12 // // iti dazalakSaNIka kavitta saMpUrNa / dANAdasI go suvarNa dAsI bhavana gaja turaga paradhANa / kala kalatra tila bhUmi ratha e punIta dasa dAna ||1|| aba inako vivarana kahau bhAvita rUpa bakhAni / alakha rIti anubhava va thA jo samajha so dAni / / 2 / / caupAI ---- go kahie indrI abhidhAna vacharA umaga bhoga paya pAna / jo inake rasa mAMhi na rAcA, so savaccha godAnI sAcA // 3 // kanaka suraga achara vAnI tInoM sabada sUvarNa kahAnI / jo tyAgai tInihu kI sAtA so kahie suvarNa ko dAtA / / 4 / / parAdhIna pararUpa garAsI yo durbaddhi kahAvaM daasii| tAkI rIti tajai jaba jJAtA tava dAsI dAtAra vikhyAtA // 5 //

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tIna aprakAzita racanAeM tana maMdira cetana ghara vAsI jJAna dRSTi ghaTa aMtara bhaasii| samujhe yaha para yaha guNa merA madira dANa hoi tihi verA / / 6 / / aSTa mahAmada pura ke sAthI eka karma kUdisI ke haathii| inha ko tyAga kara jo koI gaja dAtAra kahAvai soI / / 7 / / mana turaMga car3hi jJAnI daure lakhe turaMga aura meM praure / nija duga ko nija rUpa gahAvai vahai turagama dAna kahAvai / / 8 / / avinAsI kula ke guNa gAvai kula kalatra sadbuddhi khaaveN| buddhi pratItA dhAra nA phalI vahai kalatra dAna kI sailI / / 6 / / brahma vilAsa tela khali mAyA mizra piDa tila nAma khaayaa| mizra piDa rUpa gahi duvidhA mAnI duvidhA ta soi tila dAnI // 10 // jo vivahAra avasthA hoi aMtara bhUmi kahAvai soii| taji vyohAra jo nihace mAne bhUmidAna kI vidhi so jAne / / 11 / / sakala dhyAna ratha car3ha sayAnA mUkati patha ko kara payAnA / rahai ajoga yoga sau yAgI vahai mahAratha ratha kA tyAgI / / 12 / / dohA-e daza dAna ja mai kahai / ziva mAsana mUla / jJAnavaMta sUchima gahai mUr3ha vicAre zUla / / 13 / / eI hita vita jANa ko eI ahita ajAna / rAga rahita vidhi sahita hita ahita prAna ko pAna / / 14 / / / / iti dANadasI samAptA / / atha vartamAna stotra sajala jaladhiseturdukhavidhvaMsahetunihatamakaraketurvAritAnaSTahetuH / kvaNita samaraheturnaSTaniHzeSadhAturjayati jagati candro zrIvarddhamAno jinendro // 1 // samayasadanakartA sAra sasAra hA sakala bhuvana bhartA bhUri kalyANa dhartA / parama sukha samartA sarva madeha hA jayati jagati candro zrI varddhamAno jinendro / / 2 / / kugatipathabhanetA mokSamArgasya netA prakRti gahaNahatA tattvasaMghAta netaa| gagana gamanagatA muktirAmAbhikatA / / jayati / / 3 / / sajala jalada nAdo nijitAzeSavAdA yati caranutapAdo vastu tatvaM jagAdo / jayati bhavikapAdo'nekakopAgnikado / / jayati // 4 // prabalabalavisAlo muktikAtA rasAlo vimala guNamarAlo nitykllolmaalo| vigata saraNazIlo dhAritA nityasAlo / / jayati / / 5 / / madana mada vidArI cAru cAritradhArI naraka gati nivArI svarga mokssaavtaarii| vidita trailokyasArI kevalajJAnadhArI / / jayati0 / / 6 / / viSaya viSa vibhAso bhUribhASAnivAso gata bhavabhayapAso kIrtivallI nivaaso| karaNa sukha nivAso varNa sapUrNa taaso|| jayati0 // 7 // vacanaracanadhIra: pApalisamIra: kanakanikaSagauraH karakarmArisaraH / kaluSadahananIra: pAtitAnagavIra / / jayati // 8 // / / iti varddhamAna stotram samAptam / / bhuti kuTIra, 18, kumsI mAga, vizvAsa nagara, sAhArA, dillI-12

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rayaNasAra : svAdhyAya kI paramparA meM DA. devendrakumAra zAstrI, nImaNa prAcArya kundakunda digambara paramparA me eka aise mahAn bhI pApa sarva viSayo ke pAragAmI the aura isIlie hara ujjvala nakSatra kI bhAti adhyAtma-gagana meM pAlokita haiM, viSaya para Apane grantha race haiM / mAja ke kucha vidvAna inake jinhoMne vastugAmI mUla dRSTi ko svAnubhava se prakAzita sambandha me kalpanA karate haiM ki inhe karaNAnuyoga va gaNita kara bhAvI dhArmika pIDhiyoM ko yathArthatA kA pravabodhana Adi viSayoM kA jJAna na thA, para aisA mAnanA unakA diyA | satyakI vAstavika mazAla unakI racanAmo meM mAja bhrama hai kyoMki karaNAnuyoga ke mUlabhUta va sarvaprathama bhI apane vAstavika rUpa meM prajvalita hai, jisame prakAza grantha "paTakhaNDAmama" para Apa ne eka parikarma nAma kI grahaNa kara hama prAtma-kalyANa kara sakate hai / yathArtha me TIkA likhI thI, yaha bAta siddha ho cukI hai / yaha TIkA unakI bhUmikA apUrva hai| prAja bhI una kI vANI kA prAja upalabdha nahIM hai| prAcArya kundakunda svaya uttama caritravAna, nigraMtha avagAhana kara bar3e-se-bar3e vidvAna eva sAghu-manta natamastaka muni the| unakI bhAtmadaSTi aura vyavahAradaSTi dono ho jAte hai| isaliye nahI ki unameM vidvattA ke zivira nirmala thii| ataeva unhoMne "samayasAra" meM muni aura prakAzamAna hai, varan imaliye ki uname prAdhyAtmika zrAvaka ke bheda se donoM prakAra ke mokSamArga kA ullekha gaharAI tathA vizadatA ke spaSTa pagatala pAnokamAna hai| kiyA hai|' "rayaNasAra" meM bhI prAcArya kI yahI dRSTi paramparA ke sAkSAtkAra ke sAtha hI prAtmAnubhava kA sAkSA lakSita hotI hai| mAcAyaM kundakunda ke prAdhyAtmika grantho kAra bhI uname lakSita hotA hai| spaSTa pramANa svarUpa kA sAra "prAtmAnubhUti" hai jo svasavedana meM anubhava karane mAtmAnabhava ke nikapa para amUlya ratnatrayo (samyagdarzana, yogya hai / sivAya prAtmAnubhUti ke zuddha prAtmA kI upalabdhi samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra) ko parakha kara una dravya ke anya upAya nahI hai / unake grantho meM tathA sabhI janadharma prayoM ko mUla rUpa meM vivecita kiyA hai| unake sabhI ke prAdhyAtmika granthoM meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki zuddha niz. antho me prAcAryatva kA yaha spandana tathA jinavANI kA caya naya kI dRSTi se pAsmAke anubhava ke vinA samyagdarzana nirghoSa hame binA kisI vyatikara ke sahaja zabdAyamAna nahIM hotaa| mAsmatattva me ruci, pratIti eva svasaMvedanagamya zrutigata hotA hai| kucha vidvAna mAja bhI yaha samajhate hai pranabhati honA hI sakSepa me samyagdarzana kA lakSaNa hai| ki prAcArya kundakunda vizuddha prAdhyAtmika the, yadyapi isa indriyoM ke sukha ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA tatvazraddhAna me sandeha kI prAvazyakatA nahIM hai ki ve vizusa rUpa se mithyAtva hai|' "rayaNasAra" kA sasvara udghoSa spaSTa prAdhyAtmika the, kintu vyavahArI bhI zuddha rUpa se the| zrI hai ki mAramAna bhati ke binA nizcaya se samyaktva nahIM bha0 jinendra varNI ke zabdo me, adhyAtmapradhAnI hone para hotA aura samyagdarzana ke binA mukti nahIM ho sktii|' 1. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 2, pR0 126 ta piya mokkhaNimitta kuvvato bhaNai sahiTThI / / 2. vavahArimo puna Namo doSNivi liMgANi bhaNadi -nayacakra, 333. mokkhphe| tathA-samayasAra, 275 : 'dhamma bhogaNimitta Na dUso kammakkhayaNimitta / ' NicchayaNamo du Nicchadi mokkhapahe savaliMgANi / / 4. Niyataccuvaladdhi viNA sammattavaladdhi Nasthi NiyameNa / -samayasAra, 414. sammattavala Di viNA NivvANa gasthi Ni yameNa / / 1. iMbiyasokkhaNimitta saddhANAdINi kuNA so miccho / - rayaNasAra 176.

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rayaNasAra: svAdhyAyakI paramparA meM sammAna kI himA kA varNana "rayaNasAra" grantha kI zobhA (ke) samAna hai| zobhA bhI hai aura sukhadAyaka meM aneka prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| kintu ratnatraya kA bhI hai tathA lobhI puruSo ko dAna denA hotA hai so zava vizada evaM vistRta varNana na hone se yaha grantha vizeSa rUpa arthAt murde kI ThaTharI kI zobhA (ke) samAna jAnanA / se paThana-pAThana tathA pracAra me nahI pAyA ho aisA pratIta zobhA to hotI hai, parantu mAlika ko parama sukhadAyaka hotA hai| parantu-antaH sAkSya tathA anya vivaraNo ke prAdhAra hotI hai| isaliye lobhI puruSo ko dAna dene me dharma para yaha nizcita ho jAtA hai ki yaha grantha sudIrgha kAla nahI hai| taka padyAvadhi svAdhyAya ko paramparA meM pracalita rahA hai| (mokSamArga prakAzaka, chaThA adhikAra, pR0 158) "rayaNasAra" nAma kI eka anya kRti kA ullekha svAdhyAya kI yaha paramparA digambara mAmnAya me dakSiNa bhArata ke bhaNDAro kI prantha-mUcI me hastalikhita barAbara banI rahI hai / isaliye kucha vidvAno kA yaha andho meM kiyA gayA hai| zrI digambara jaina maTha, cittAmUra samajhanA ki "rayaNasAra" prAcArya kundakunda kI racanA (jiMjanI), sAupa prArakADa, madrAsa prAnta me sthita zAstra nahIM hai, kyoki na to isakI koI saskRta TIkA milatI bhaNDAra me krama-sakhyA 36 me prAkRta bhASA ke "rayaNasAra" hai aura na yaha paThana-pAThana me rahA hai, bhramapUrNa hai| anya kA nAmollekha hai aura racayitA kA nAma vIranandI paNDitapravara ToDaramala jI ke anantara paNDita daulatahai, jo saskRta TIkAkAra pratIta hote hai| isa TIkA kI rAma jI ne "kriyAkoSa" me pAThaveM pRSTha para "rayaNasAra" khoja karanI cAhie / ima TIkA ke mila jAne para vidvAno kI nimnalikhita gAthA uddhRta kI hai jo isa prakAra haikA yaha bhrama pUrNa rUpa se dUra ho jAegA ki prAcArya gaNa-vaya-sama-paDimA dANaM jalagAlaNa ca praNayamiyaM / kundakunda kI isa racanA para koI saskRta TIkA nhiiN| dasaNaNANa-caritaM kiriyA taMvaNNa sAvayA maNiyA // 7 // milatI / hindI padyAnuvAda kI khoja mabase pahale maine hI isakA padyAnuvAda hai : kI thii| yadyapi padya-kartA kA nAma abhI taka jAnakArI gaNa kahiye praSTamala ju guNA, vaya kahiye vrata dvAdaza guNA / me nahI pAyA hai| kintu imase yaha to spaSTa hai ki tava kahiye tapa bAraha bheda, sama kahiye samaSTi prabheva // 70 lagabhaga matrarahavI zatAbdI me gyaNamAra ke svAdhyAya kI paDimA nAma pratijJA sahI, te ekAdaza bheva jlhii|.. paramparA avazya thii| ukta mUla gAthAme "tava" zabda nahIM hai, kintu padyAnuvAda aThArahavI zatAbdI me paNDitapravara ToDaramala jI ne, me usakA ullekha hai| mazodhita tathA mere dvArA mampAdita jinakA samaya 1736I. kahA jAtA hai, apane suprasiddha "rayaNasAra" me zuddha gAthA isa prakAra hai prAdhyAtmika grantha 'mokSamArga-prakAzaka" meM dAna ke prasaga guNa-baya-tava-sama-paDimA-dANa-jala gAsaNaM praNathamiyaM meM "rayaNasAra" kA pramANa dekara apane viSaya kA varNana basaNa-NANa-carita kiriyA tevagNa sAvaNa maNiyA // 137 / / kiyA hai| unake hI zabdo ma praSTa mUlaguNa, bAraha vrata, bAraha tapa, mamatA bhAva, "tathA lobhI puruSa dene yogya pAtra nahIM hai, kyoM ki / gyAraha pratimAe, cAra dAna, pAnI chAnakara pInA, rAtri gobhI nAnA pramatya uktiyA karake ugate kicita bhalA meM bhojana nahI karanA, samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura mamyaka. nahI karate / bhalA to taba hotA hai jaba isake dAna ko cAritra ye zrAvaka ko apana kriyAe kahI gaI hai| mahAyatA se vaha dharma mAdhana kare; parantu vaha to ulTA pApa yaha ullekhanIya hai ki "jana kriyAkoSa" kA racanArUpa pravartatA hai / pApa ke sahAyaka kA bhalA kaise hogA? kAla 1730 I0 hai / unnIsavI zatAbdI meM pa0 sadAsukhayaho "rayaNasAra" zAstra meM kahA hai dAsa jI ne isa paramparA ko akSuNNa banAyA aura isakA sappurisANa vANa kappatarUNa phalANaM soha vaa| sakSipta itihAsa prastuta karate hue ullekha kiyA hai . lohoNa bANa mAvimANasohA savassa jANeha // 26 // "zrI kundakundAdi aneka mani nigrantha vItarAgI aga artha :--satpuruSo ko dAna denA kalpavRkSo ke phalo ko ke vastuni kA jJAnI hote bhae tathA umAsvAmI bhae aise pApa

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32 varSa 201 taM bhayabhIta jJAnavijJAna sampanna parama saMjama guNa maNDita guruni kI paripATI taM zruta kA pratyucchinna artha ke dhAraka vItarAgIni kI paramparA calI bhAI tinameM zrI kundakunda svAmI samayamAra, pravacanasAra, pacAstikAya, rayaNasAra, bhraSTapAhuDakU zrAdi leya aneka grantha race te pravAra pratyakSa vAMcane, paDhane meM Aye hai| ina granthati kA jo vinayapUrvaka prArAdhana kare so pravacana bhakti hai / " ( ratnakaraNDa zrAvakA cAra, paMcama adhikAra, pR0 236 ) yahI svAdhyAya kI paramparA paM0 bhUdharadAsa jI ke varSA samAdhAna" me bhI lakSita hotI hai| nirmAsya ke prasaMga meM pa0 bhUdharadAsa ne "rasAra" kA ullekha kiyA hai / varSA samAdhAna ke pR0 76 para gAthA sa0 32,33,35 aura 36 ina cAro ke uddharaNa ke sAtha likhA huA milatA "je devadhana ke grahaNa kA phala kundakundAcArya kRta rayaNasAra viSa kA hai / tathAhi, gAthA manekAnta isI prakAra, paNDita campAlAla kRta "carcA sAgara " grantha vikrama saMvat 1810 kA racA huA milatA hai / isa grantha se bhI spaSTa hai ki "rayaNasAra" kI svAdhyAya-paramparA satata pracalita rahI hai| dAna ke prasaMga kI carcA hai "isaliye satpuruSo ke liye diyA huA dAna to kalpavRkSAdika ke sukho ko utpanna karatA hai aura lobhI ke liye diyA huA dAna Upara likhe anusAra phala detA hai| so ho rayaNasAra me likhA hai-sassANaM vANa kappatarUNa phalANa sohaM vA / lohANaM vA ja vimANasohA sa jANeha ||26|| saMzodhita va sampAdita vartamAna saskaraNa me yaha gAthA isa prakAra hai sappurisA Na dANa kappatarUNa phalANa sohaM vA / lohona jaNa ja vimAnasohA-sarva jANe / / 25 / / isI grantha meM eka anya sthAna para 'rayaNAsAra' kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai- isI prakAra dhyAna dhAraNa karanA aura siddhAnta ke rahasyo kA adhyayana karanA muniyo kA mukhya dharma hai| pUjA aura dAna ke binA gRhastho kA dhama nahIM hai aura dhyAna-adhyayana ke binA muniyoM kA dharma nahI hai / yaho isakA tAtparya hai mo hI zrI kundakunda AcArya ne likhA hai : dANedhA mulaM sAvayanmaM dhAgo teNa vinA / bhANambhayaNaM muktaM damaM taM vinA tahA sobi // yaha 'ravaNAsAra' kI gAthA hai| saMvAopita va sampAdita prati meM yaha gAthA isa prakAra hai vANaM pUyA mukkha sAvayavammeNa sAvayA teNa vinA / horthaNa mukkhaM jar3a-dhamme taM viNA tahA so vi // 10 vartamAna kAlame bhI svargIya munizrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ne 'samayasAra' kI prastAvanA me 'rayaNasAra' kA pramANa dete hue likhA hai tathApi "ravaNasAra" kI nimna (131, 132) gAvAmro dvArA zrI kundakundAcArya ne yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki paramAtmA (mahanta aura siddha) to svasamaya hai aura kSINamoha guNasthAna taka jIva 'parasamaya' hai / isase spaSTa hai ki saMyatamamyadRSTi svasamaya' nahIM hai, parasamaya hai / isa prakAra 'rayaNasAra' ke svAdhyAya kI paramparA 17vI zatAbdI se lekara Aja dina taka barAbara cAlU hai / hAla hI kSu0 jinendra varNoM ne apane 'jainendra siddhAnta koza' meM pR0 84 ( bhAga 1 ) para 'grAtmAnubhava ke binA samyagdarzana nahI hotA' zIrSaka ke antargata 'rayaNasAra' kI nimnalikhita gAthA kA ullekha kiyA hai| nitambavaladdhi vinA sammatavaladdhi Natthi niyameNa / sammatvaladdhi viNA nivvANaM Natthi jiddiTTha // 60 // arthAt nija tatvopalabdhi ke vinA samvatva kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI yora samvavasva kI upalabdhi ke binA nirmANa nahIM hotaa| ukta adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki 'rayaNasAra' prAcArya kundakunda kI hI racanA hai aura prAcArya ke anya grantho kI bhA~ti lagabhaga cAra sau varSoM se barAbara 'rayaNasAra' ke paThana-pAThana ke ullekha tathA pramANa milate hai / prAdhyAtmika grantho kI bhAti rayaNamAra kA bhI apanA mahatva hai pora kaI bAtoM meM ise pramANa rUpa me uddhRta kiyA jAtA rahA hai / ataeva isa bAvakarmapradhAna 'raNasAra' ko mAnyatA barAbara banI rahI hai, yaha siddha ho jAtA hai| zakara ghAyala mila ke sAmane, nImaca (ma. pra. )

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bhAsa ke zramaNaka - DA. rAjapurohita zramaNa vastutaH pAzramavAsI the jo svaya zrama karate the, ke anuyAyiyo ne bhI isame parivaddhi kI hai| tapasyA karate the / mamAja meM zramaNa-sasthA kA udaya bauddha samrATa azoka ne (bauddha) sagha brAhmaNa, grAjIvika tathA janadharma se pUrva vaidikayuga me hI ho cukA thA / ' nirgantha ityAdi kA eka sAtha pathaka-pRthak ullekha karane ke bahadAraNyakAniSad (4/3/22) me zramaNo kA sarvaprathama sAtha hI bauddho se itara brAhmaNa-zramaNo kA eka-sAtha ullekha jJAta hotA hai parantu paravartIkAla me, bauddha aura jalera kiyAFORE hI ye bAtA tohI jaina-sampradAyo ne isa zabda ko vizeSataH svIkAra kiyA hai| brAhmaNetara bhI the| sambhavata ye 'samaNa' AjIvika the jinhe buddha ko prAya. samaNa gotama kahA gayA / vahA~ yaha sAdhAraNa azoka ne gayA ke nikaTa barAbara kI gRhAe~ dAna meM dI bhikSATana karane vAle kA artha dene lagA / sutta tathA vinayapiTaka meM aise bhikSa samaNo kI saMsthA hI bana gayI thii| ImavI pUrva dUsarI zatI meM zramaNa athavA zramaNadAsa tIsarI zatI meM zramaNa prathavA paranta samaya se pUrva apane uttaradAyitva se palAyana karane nAma bhI jAta nItIkisAna kI niyanI ke ke kAraNa inake prati brAhmANo kI sadbhAvanA nahI thii| pAra sa upalabdha, IsavI kI tIsarI-cautho zatI kI gvaroSThI vastutaH brAhmaNa granyo ke zramaNa saccI tyAgavRtti me meM utkIrNa abhilekho me zramaNa tathA dhAmaNera kA ullekha mahAn the| vaidika-sAhitya ke Aloka meM upalabdha zramaNa prApta hotA hai| 'sAmaNera' (zrAmaNera) kA tAtparya noparamparA ko avaidika siddha karanA' vastuta. usa zabda tathA sikhiyA bhikkhu kiyA gayA hai| zramaNagoSTha ke ullekha paramparA-viSayaka tathyadRSTi ke sAtha anAcAra eva anyA bhI prApta hote hai / nukaraNa hai| yaha sarvavidita hai ki bhAsa kAlidAsa ke aAdaraNIya 'pAiya-sadda-mahaNavo' (pRSTha-865) ke anusAra aura unase pUrvavartI dakSa evaM prathina rUpavakAra hue hai| ra pA~ca prakAra ke dhamaNa hote hai -nirgrantha, zAkya, tApasa, caudaha ratno ke mamAna unake caudaha upalabdha nATaka saMpUrNa garuka tathA aajiivk| paravartI nATya-parampaga ke vastu, prayoga tathA kalpanA kI niggatha-saraka-tAvama-geruya AjIva-pacahA samaNA' daSTi se upajIvya bana gae hai| sampUrNa maskRta nATyaspaSTa hI jaina, bauddha, brAhmaNa ityAdi ke sAtha hI govatika paramparA meM Aja bhI bhAsa ke samAna maMca prayoga-mulabha zvAvatika, dizAvatika, prAjIvaka ityAdi aneka zramaNamArgI rUpaka durlabha hI hai| unake rUpakoM meM macIya nATya-tatva sAdhuoM kI paramparA thii| yaha paramparA buddha tathA mahAvIra anAyAma utara par3e haiN| bhAsa kI imI nATya mahattA ke ke pUrva se hI calI A rahI thI aura ina dono mahApurupo samakSa kAlidAsa bhI eka bAra apane rUpa kI saphalatA me 1. DA. rAdhAkumuda mukarjI : hindU sabhyatA (hindI 5 DI. sI0 sarakAra, salekTa inskripzansa, dvitIya ____ anuvAda), caturtha saskaraNa, pRSTha 268 / saskaraNa, pR066| prazoka kA sAtavA stambhalekha / 2. vhii| 3. DA. harIndrabhUSaNa jaina, bhAratIya saMskRti aura zramaNa 6 vahI, pR. 77 / paramparA, pRSTha 13-14 / 7. vahI, pR0 227 / 4. vahI, pRSTha 13 para uddhRta DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla 8. vahI, pR0 248-46, 51-54 tathA hindU mabhyatA, kA mabhimata / pR0 268 /

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34, varSa 26, ki0 1 anekAnta sazaka ho kaha uThate hai...... jaba vidUSaka kA paricaya detA hai taba nalinikA kahatI hai "prathitayazasA bhAsasaumillakaviputrAdInAM prabandhAnatikramya - "isa brAhmaNa ko, zahara ko dukAna ke barAmade me, pahale vartamAnakaveH kAligasasya kriyAyAM kaya bahamAna: ?" dekhA hai|" parantu paravartI hone para bhI kAlidAsa-sAhitya me 'pA, dipuruvo Na parApaNAlide ayaM braahmnno| brAhmaNetara sandarbha durlabha hI hai jabaki bhAma-mAhitya me ve taba vidUSaka kahatA hai ki yajJopavIta brAhmaNa kI pahacAna hai asulabha nahIM hai| buddha aura mahAvIra ke upadezo ke pazcAt aura cIvara raktapaTa ko| yadi vastra tyAga dU to zramaNaka ho jaauuN| zramaNa zabda prAyaH inhI ke dvArA pravRtta sampradAyo se sabaddha ho gyaa| kisI bhI sthiti me, bhAsa buddha aura mahAvIra "grAma bhodi ! jaNNopavIdeNa bahmaNo, cIvareNa rttpddo| ke pazcAt hI hue aura isalie bhAsa ke rUpako me ina jadi vatyaM jAda vatya avaNAma, avarNami, samaNapo homi|" donoM ke sandarbha me hI zramaNaka zabda kA prayoga huA hai| yahA~ bhAsane apane yugame pracalita bhAratIya tInoM pradhAna pratijJAyogandharAyaNa, pravimAraka tathA cArudana nAmaka dharmoM ke anuyAyiyoM ke mAmAnya pahacAna-cihna de die hai| bhAsa ke rUpakoM me thamaNaka athavA zramaNikA ke ullekha cIvaradhArI prAyaH bauddha hote the| ata. raktapaTa se tAtparya upalabdha hote hai| bauddha hI lenA caahie| vaise raktapaTa kimI ajJAta athavA marvaprathama hame yaha dekhanA hai ki sAdhAraNatayA zramaNaka lupta pApaDa kA nAma bhI ho sakatA hai| zramaNaka vastrahIna se bhAsa kA kyA tAtparya hai ? 'pravimAraka' ke dvitIya hote the / spaSTa hI yahA digambara jainoM kI ora hI saMketa aka me vidUSaka se vinoda karatI huI ceTI use kahatI hai pratIta hotA hai| isI prAdhAra para DA0 e0 DI0 pusAlakara ki vaha bhojana ke lie nimantrita karane kisI brAhmaNa kA yaha nirNaya lete hai ki caki zramaNa ka se bhAsa, digambara anveSaNa kara rahI hai| taba vidUSaka kahatA hai- 'prarI! sampradAya kA hI artha lete hai isase spaSTa hai ki zvetAmaiM kauna hUM? kyA zramaNaka hU ?" ceTI kahatI hai -"tU to mbaroM ke udaya se pUrva arthAt I0 pU0 300 se pUrva hI avaidika hai|" vidUSaka kahatA hai-"maiM avaidika kaise huA? bhAsa kA samaya honA cAhie, kyoki unheM zvetAmbaroM kA jJAna nahIM thaa| suna to ! rAmAyaNa nAmaka nATyazAstra hai na, eka varSa avimAraka rUpaka ke hI cauthe aka" me nAyaka, vidUSaka parA hone se pahale hI maine usake pAMca iloka paDha nAyikA (karagI) viSayaka prazna pUchatA hai.lie hai|" kinna smarati mAM kuraGgI? (kyA kuraMgI merA vidUSaka-bhoTi graha ko, smnngro| smaraNa nahI karatI) ceTI-tuva kila pravediyo / vidUSaka kahatA hai --kiSNu su jIvadi jagandhassavidUSaka --kissa grahaM pravedino suNAhi daav| mnnigraa| asthi rAmAnaNaM NAma NasatyaM / tassi zrI sI0 pAra0 devapara isakI saskRta chAyA isa prakAra pacasulopA asampuNNe saMvacchare pumae karate hai.-"kinna khalu jIvati ngnaandhdhmnnikaa|" spaSTa ptthidaa| hI yahAM virahiNI nAyikA ke lie 'zramaNikA' zabda kA isa vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki bhAma kI dRSTi me zrama- prayoga hayA hai jisakA tAtparya tapasvinI athavA becArI Naka pravaidika hote hai| zramaNa ka brAhmaNetara hI ho sakate ho sakatA hai| artha hogA-'becArI jIvita bhI hai ?" hai, phira cAhe ve bauddha ho, cAhe jaina athavA anya koii| tapasvinI ke artha meM yahA zramaNika zabda kA prayoga "pravimAraka" ke pA~cave aka meM nAyaka nalinikA ko kiyA gayA hai / jainoM ke digambara sampradAya kI, 1. mAlavikAgnimitra. prastAvanA / 4. DA0 e0 DI0 pumAlakara, bhAsa (bhAratIya vidyAbhavana 2. bhAsanATakacakram (zrI mI0 Ara0 devadhara dvArA bambaI, prathama saskaraNa 1643), pRSTha 208 / sampAdita kA 1962 I0 kA saskaraNa), pRSTha 116 / 5. bhAmanATakacakram, pRSTha 161 / 3. vahI, pravimAraka, pRSTha 166 /

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bhAsa ke zramaNaka / ghora cAhe bhane saketa kiyA ho, parantu digambara sampradAya kI sAdhvI bhI naMgI kabhI nahI rahatI hai| kama se kama vaha eka vastra to pAraNa karatI ho hai puna uparyukta sandarbha me 'andha' zabda kA kyA artha hogA ? prata 'rrive maNizrA' kI 'nagnAndhazramaNikA' chAyA na karate hue 'niryanyadhamaNikA' chAyA karanA adhika ucita hai, jisakA tAtparya hogA ki nAyaka ke viraha me santapta hotI becArI rAjakumArI digambara sampradAya kI maNikA hI bana gayI hai, arthAta niyamakA banane para bhI kyA vaha jIvita hai ? yahAM vizeSa dhyAtavya yaha hai ki avimAraka rUpaka ke uparyukta tInoM sthalo para zramaNikA athavA zramaNaka kA vidUSaka hI smaraNa karatA hai| pratIta hotA hai kavi inake prati adhika gambhIra nahI hai / bhAsa ke pratijJAyaugandharAyaNa rUpaka ke tRtIyAka me zramaNaka nAmaka pAtra raMgamaca para praveza karatA hai aura vaha vidUSaka tathA unmattaka ke veza meM upasthina yaugandharAyaNa ke kRtrima TaMTe ko zAnta karane kA prayAsa karatA hai / vastutaH yaha zramaNaka bhI vAstavika nahI hai / udayana kA anya mantrI rumaNvAn hI zramaNaka ke veza meM upasthita hotA hai / gravimAraka meM kahe pUrvokta vivaraNAnugAra zramaNaka nagnaka hogA aura nATyazAstra, dazarUpaka ityAdi ke dvArA saketa na karane para bhI yaha grasambhava pratIta hotA hai ki usa kAla me prekSako ke samakSa koI pAtra ragamaca para nivastra utare / spaSTa hI pratijJAyaugandharAyaNa kA zramaNaka digambara zramaNaka nahI ho sakatA aura jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, bhAsokta vaidika bhramaNako me eka to vimAraka ke digambara jaina hai tathA dUsare avaidika zramaNaka bauddha hai / pratijJAyoganyarAgaNa kA dhamaka bauddha pratIta hotA hai, kyoki vaha vidUSaka ko 'bahmaNAusa' (brAhmaNopAsaka ) 35 kahanA hai / yaha sarvavidita hai ki bauddha sAdhu bAta-bAta me 'upAsaka' sambodhana dete the| yahI nahIM, vidUSaka unake matAnuyAyiyo ko 'sadhadhAriNo' (saMghacAriNaH) bhI kahatA ' hai| sacArI ke rUpa meM bauddha hI prasiddha hai, isameM sandeha nahI / isase spaSTa hai ki pratijJAyondharAyaNa kA zramaNaka bauddha bhikSu thaa| avimAraka meM bhI pahale cIvaradhArI raktapaTa kA ullekha huA hai| sambhavata vahA~ bhI bauddha kI ora hI saketa hai / vaise svaya bhAsa ne apane cArudatta rUpaka me zAkya zramaNaka kA ullekha kiyA hai," jahA~ vidUSaka kahatA hai ki "majadUranI ke izArA karane para zAkyazramaNaka ke mamAna mujhe bhI nIda nahIM thA rahI hai|" 1. vahI, pR 6688 2. dUradhvAna varSa yuddha gamyadezAdivizvanam / saropa bhojana svAna sutavAnam // pravaragrahaNAdIni pratyakSANi na niti / nAdhikArivadha kvApi tyAjyamAvazyaka na ca // dazarUpaka, 3, 34-36 / khudA kasamakarodivi sakkimaNo ni Na labhAmi / yahA sandeha kA sthAna nahIM hai| caturbhANI ke gamAna zAkya bhikSuoM kI kAmalolupatA para bhI phaktI kasI gaI hai / cArudatta rUpaka ko AtmasAt karane para bhI yaha vAkya mRcchakaTika meM prApta nahI hotaa| cArudatta ke hI dvitIyAMka saMvAhaka ke nirveda se pravrajita hone kA saMketa prApta hotA hai jisakI madamasta maMgala hastI se vasantasenA kA sevaka rakSA karatA hai| isa prasaMga kA pallavita rUpa mRcchakaTika me bhI prApta hotA hai / parantu vahA~ hAthI kA nAma 'khuNTamoTaka diyA gayA hai jo pravantipradeza kI mAlavI tathA hindI me bhI 'vUTAmor3a' ke rUpa meM Aja pahacAnA jA sakatA hai, arthAt vaha madamasta hAthI jo apane grAlAna rUpa khUTo ko bhI moDakara ukhAr3a de grathavA tor3a de / mAlavA ke dhAra jile me khaTapalA ( khuTapalli athavA guTapana) jaise aba bhI grAma ke nAma upalabdha hote hai| uparyukta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki(1) bhAga kI dRSTi meM zramaNaka avaidika hai / (2) bhAma- sAhitya me digambara 3 bhAsanATakaca kram, pR. 86 / 4. vahI pRSTha 12 // 5. vahI, pRSTha 228 / 6. vahI, pRSTha 220-21 / sampradAya ke zramaNaka (zeSa pR0 37 para)

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vedoM meM jaina saMskRti ke gUMjate svara kucha samaya pUrva kucha grAlocako ne jaina dharma kI prAcInatA ke bAre me aneka bhrAntiyA phailA rakhI thI / koI ise hindU dharma kI zAkhA mAnatA thA to koI buddha dharma kii| koI ise bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pravartita mAnatA thA to koI bhagavAna pArzvanAtha dvArA, parantu jaise- jaise sAMskRtika zodhakArya zrAge bar3hatA gayA aura tathya prakAza me Ate gae, yaha siddha ho gayA ki jaina dharma vedoM se bhI prAcIna dharma hai / isa avasarpiNI kAla me bhagavAna RSabhadeva isake pravartaka the| maine anyatra sanAtana dharmI purANo se jaina dharma para prakAza DAlane vAle kucha tathya prastuta kiye the| yahAM vedoM, upaniSadoM yAdi se kucha aise tathya prastuta kara rahA hUM jo jaina dharma kI prAcInatA ke svataH siddha pramANa hai / mahaMtA me sudAnavo naro aso misA sa prayajJaM yajJibhyo divo prarcA maruddbhyaH / - Rgveda, zra0 4 zra0 3 varga 8 | isa mantra meM arihantoM kA spaSTa ullekha vidyamAna hai dIrghatvAyurbalAyurvA zubha jAtAyuH, / OM rakSa rakSa zrariSTanemiH svAhA / isa mantra me bAIsaveM tIrthaGkara bhagavAna zrariSTanemi jI se rakSA kI prArthanA kI gayI hai / jJAtAramindra RSabhaM vadanti, praticAramindraM tamapariSTanemi bhave bhatre / subhavaM supAzrvamindraM Tag zakraM prajitaM tad varddhamAnaM puruhUtamindra svAhA / / prastuta mantra me bhagavAn RSabhadeva jI, dvitIya tIrthaGkara zrajita nAtha jI, teIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha jI aura caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn vardhamAna jI kA spaSTa ullekha hai / namaM suvIraM digvAsasaM brahma garbhaM sanAtanam // zrI jI. sI. jaina OM trailokpapratiSThitAn catuvizati tIrthaGkarAn RSabhAdyAvarddhamAnAntAn siddhAn zaraNaM prapadye // - bRhadAraNyake kAma krovAdi zatrutroM ko jItane vAle vIra, dizAeM hI jinake vastra hai, jo jJAna ke akSaya bhaNDAra ( kevala jJAna ) ko hRdaya meM dhAraNa karane vAle aura sanAtana puruSa hai, aise arihantoM ko namaskAra karatA hU~ / tInoM lokoM meM pratiSThAprApta bhagavAn RSabha deva se lekara bhagavAn vardhamAna taka 24 tIrthaGkararUpa middho kI zaraNa grahaNa karatA hUM | RSabha eva bhagavAn brahmA bhagavatA brahmaNA svayamevAcIrNAni brahmANi tapasA ca prApta paraM padam / -- zrAraNya ke bhagavAn eva dvArA mokSa prastuta mantra me bhI RSabhadeva jI ko brahmA batAyA gayA hai aura unheM svayaM hI tapa prApta karane vAle kahA gayA hai| prAtithyarUpaM mAsaraM mahAvIrasya nagnahu / rUpAmupAsa dAmeta titho rAtrI surA sutAH // -- yajurvede yajurveda ke prastuta mantra me bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nAmollekha spaSTa hai / manmanA prappA dadi meyavAmana rodasI imA ca vizvA bhuvanAni yUthena niSThA vRSabho virAjAsa / - sAmavede, 3 a 1 khaMDa0 sAmaveda ke isa mantra me bhI bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko samasta vizva kA jJAtA batAyA gayA hai| nAhaM rAmo na me vAchA, bhAveSu ca na me manaH / zAntimAsthAtumicchAmaM svAtmanyeva jino yathA // - yogavaziSTha maiM rAma nahI hUM, mujhe koI kAmanA nahI, padArthoM meM

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vedoM meM jana-saMskRti ke gaMjate svara mairA mana nahI, jisa taraha se jina apanI AtmA me zAnta- marutvaM na vRSabhaM vAvadhAnamakavAri divya zAsanamindra bhAva se rahe hai, usI taraha se zAntabhAva se mai rahanA vizvA sAhama vase nUtanAyogrAsado dA mihatAhvayamaH / cAhatA hai| yahA zAntimati ninadevoM ko upamAna ke rUpa - Rgveda, 36, 7-3-11 / meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| samiddhasya praramahaso'vande tavazriya vRSabho gambhavAna sima kulAdi bIjaM sarveSAmAdyo vigalavAhanaH / madhvovidhyasa / cakSaSmAMzca yazasvI cAbhicandro'tha prasenajit / / - Rgvede, 4 a0 4 va0 6-4-1.22 / marudevI ca nAbhizca bharate kulasattamAH / prAviSi sAyakAni dhanvAha niSka yajataM, vizvaaSTamo marudevyAM tu, nAbherjAta urukamaH / / rUpam ahaM nnidaM dayase vizva bhavabhuvaM na vA prAgIyo darzayana vartma vIrANAM, surAsura-namaskRtaH rudrtvaadsti| nItitrayANAM kartA yo, yugAdau prathamo jina // - Rgvede a0 20527 / ---manusmRtI svamti naH indro vRddhazravAH svasti naH pUSA vizvavedA / saba me prathama kula ke grAdivIja vimalavAhana hA / / svasti nastAoM ariSTanemiH svasti no bRhaspatirdadhAtu / / unake pazcAt cakSuSmAn pazampI amitacandra aura pramenajita ___--- yajurveda a0 25, mantra 16 / kulakara hue| taraNiritsapAsati boja pura dhyAH yajA prAva indrAbharatakSetra meM chaThave kulakara mamadeva aura sAtaveM nAbhi- puruhUtaM namo narmogarA nemistaSTava zuddha / rAjA hue / sAtha hI sAtave kulakara zrI nAbhirAjA kI Rgvede 20 pra0, 5 a0.3 ca0 27 / patnI marudevI se pAThave kunakara vizAlAkRti pabha hue| uparyukta mantro me tIrthaDura-vAcaka zabda jaMna saskRti vIroM ke mArgabhUti, sugasuro ke dvArA vandanIya aura tIna ke Adi tIrthaDura zrI Rpabhadeva jI kI mahimA kA gAna prakAra kI nIti ke kartA-dhartA tathA mArgadarzaka isa yuga ke karate hue jaina saskRti ko vedo se bhI prAcIna pramANita prArambha meM hI prathama jina (Rpabha) hue| kara rahe hai| [pR0 35 kA zeSAMza tathA nirgrantha zramaNikA kA ullekha huaA hai| ataH sAtha hI cArudatta eva pratijJAyaugandharAyaNa me bhI pratIta hotA hai ki bhAsa isake atirikta jaina- prApta hote hai| sampradAyoM se aparicita the athavA anya sampradAya (6) jaina zramaNakoM kI bAna kevala vidUSaka kahatA hai| sthiti me hI nahI pAe the| jabaki bauddha zramaNaka kA ullekha avimAraka eva (3) cIvaradhArI raktapaTo kA jo ullekha prApta hotA hai cArudatta meM vidUSaka, ceTaka tathA savAhaka karatA hai ve sambhavata bauddha hI the| to pratijJAyaugandharAyaNa me rumaNvAn pracchanna rUpa meM (4) bAta-bAta me 'upAsaka' sambodhana dene vAle saghacArI zramaNaka ke veza me grAtA hai| zAkyazramaNaka kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai tathA tAtparya yaha hai ki bhAsa-sAhitya meM zramaNakoM ko vAhe unake cAritrika patana kI ora bhI saketa kiyA pratiSThita sthAna to prApta nahI hagrA ho aura adhikAza meM gayA hai jo majadUraniyo se apanI kAmapipAsA unhe vidveSa bhAvanA se parihAma kA bhAjana banAyA gayA ho zAnta karate hai| parantu sAtha hI nirveda se pravajita tathApi tadyugIna brAhmaNa samAja me zramaNako kI sthiti para honevAle bhikSu kA bhI saketa prApta hotA hai| vizeSa prakAza par3atA hai jo mpahaNIya aura pratyAjya hai / (5) jaina zramaNako ke sandarbha kevala 'pravimAraka' meM hI prApta vastutaH ina saMketAtmaka vivaraNo se usa yuga kI dhArmika hote hai| parantu bauddha zramaNako ke ullekha isake sthiti kI vAstavikatA bhI prakaTa hotI hai| 00

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jaina saMskRta nATakoM kI kathAvastu : eka vivecana zrI bApUlAla prAMjanA, udayapura saMskRta vAGmaya kI anya vidhAmo ke samAna nATya kA samucchaya pratIta hotA hai| vidhA ko bhI jaina nATakakAro ne apanI kRtiyoM se bharA- isame nATakakAra eka viziSTa uddezya lekara calA hai pUrA kiyA hai| nATayAcArya rAmacandra, devacandra, rAmabhadra. aura vaha hai sAmAjika aMdhavizvAso va unake pravartakoM ke guni, meghaprabhAcArya. bAlacandra mUri, jayasiMha mUri, nayacandra, prati prazraddhA utpanna karanA / kApAlika lambodara, ghorahastigalla, brahma sUri, neminAtha, yaza pAla aura yaza candra ghoNa aura usakI patnI lambastanI kI ghRNita caritAvalI prAdi jaina kaviyoM ne do darjana se bhI Upara nATako kI kA vistAra isI daSTi se kiyA gayA hai| vezyA kI bhararacanA kI hai| yahA jaina nATakakAro ke nATako ke kathA- pUra nindA tosare aka meM kI gaI hai| naka kI vizeSatAmo para sakSipta prakAza DAlA jA nirbhayabhIma',-rAmacandra kA yaha vyAyoga-koTi kA rahA hai| rUpaka hai| isakI kathA mahAbhArata se lI gaI hai| eka kaI jaina muniyoM ne jaina hote hue bhI mahAbhArata, puruSa se bhIma yaha sUcanA pAkara kI U~ce parvata para baka rAmAyaNa, nalakathA, satya harizcandra kathA yA anya paurA. rAkSama rahatA hai, jisake lie nagara ke loga eka-eka manuNika kathAoM ko apane nATaka kI kathAvastu banAkara isa / Sya bhejate hai jise vaha vadhyazilA para mArakara khAtA hai| deza kI sanAtana sAskRtika maryAdApo ko abhimicita / bhIma anya rAkSasoM sahita vaka kA saMhAra karatA hai| bhavakiyA hai| unheM amara banAyA hai| rAmacandra ke nalavilAsa. bhIta brAhmaNa parivAra apanI kRtajJatA prakaTa karatA hai / satya harizcandra, nirbhayabhIma vyAyoga, raghuvilAsa, dhanamAlA isa nATaka para bhAsa ke madhyamavyAyoga va nAgAnada aura hastimalla kA maithilikalyANa prAdirUpaka isI prakAra kA spaSTa prabhAva hai / isa nATaka meM kavi ne videzI prAkrake haiN| maNakAriyo se jarjarita deza kI rakSA ke lie bhIma ke mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa evaM paurANika kathAnakoM para caritra meM bhAratIya vIro ko preraNA dI hai| bhIma ke prAdhArita nATaka: paropakAra prAdi guNoM ko samAja ke sAmane rakhanA bhI kavi kA uddezya rahA hai| nalavilAsa'- nATyAcArya rAmacandra (12vI zanI satyaharizcandra-cha: ako ke isa nATaka meM kavi ne kA dvitIya aura tRtIya caraNa) kA yaha nATaka 7 akoM kA harizcandra ke carita ke laukika Adarza ko prastuta kiyA hai| isameM nala-damayantI ke prema va vivAha kI kathA / hai| harizcandra kI kathA kaI dRSTiyoM se prabhAvotpAdaka va nibaddha kI gaI hai| mahAbhAratIya nalakathA meM lekhaka kathA meM lekhaka nATakIya tattvo se yukta hai| kathA ke nAyaka meM devatA va ne paryApta parivartana kara diyA hai| anAvazyaka vivaraNo RSiyoM kA isa stara para ruci lenA saMskRta sAhitya me se nATaka kA kalevara bahuta bar3ha gayA hai| upadeza dene kI anyatra kama hI pAyA jAtA hai| mAnava, deva, vidyAdhara, kavi kI pravRtti itanI adhika hai ki bhaneka sthalo para pizAca va pazu-pakSI koTi ke pAtra haiN| yaha nATaka bhartaharizataka va pacatatra kI bhAti lokavyavahAra isakA kathAnaka paurANika yuga se hI caritra-nirmANa 1. gAyakavAr3a moriyaNTala sIrIja, bar3audA se prakAzita / 3. yazovijaya grathamAlA 16 me banArasa se prakAzita / 2. rAmajI upAdhyAya viracita madhyakAlIna saMskRta 4. nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI se prakAzita / nATaka, pR. 157 .

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jaina saMskRta nATakoM kI kathAvastu : eka vivecana 36 tathA lokAnuraJjana ke lie sadaiva ghara-ghara me pratiSThita matrI vastupAla aura tejapAla the| eka bAra tejapAla usa rahA hai| mandira meM darzanArtha gaye / munivara jayasiMha kI icchAnusAra raghuvilAsa-pATha aMko ke isa nATaka me rAma vana- bar3A dAna usa madira ke lie diyaa| munivara ne prasanna gamana se rAvaNavadha taka kI rAmakathA ko prastuta kiyA hokara una matrIdvaya ko prazasti likhii| hammIramadamardana gayA hai| isake kathAnaka me kavi kaI sthalo para naI-naI nATaka unake svAmI rAjA vIradhavala ke mAtha matrIdvaya yojanAmo ko lekara calA hai| isake kathAnaka me eka kI udAra kIti ko kAbdhAtmaka pratiSThA dene ke lie viziSTa tattva sarvAdhika samunnata dikhAI detA hai, jo likhA gyaa| paravartI yuga me vizeSa rUpa se chAyAnATako me apanAyA ima kRti kA aitihAsika mahattva to hai hI, sAtha hI gayA / chAyApAtroM kI itane bar3e paimAne para kalpanA anyatra tatkAlIna sAmAjika va dhArmika jIvana kA yathArtha citraNa virala hI hai| vizuddha nakalI pAtra ko hI dUsare pAtra bhI isame prApta hotA hai| samagra racanA mudrArAkSasa se kI chAyArUpa me prastuta karanA jitanA sauSThavapUrNa ima prabhAvita hai| mudrArAkSasa kI bhAti isame jhaThe savAda, nATaka me hai, utanA anyatra kama hI dRSTigocara hotA hai| kapaTavezadhAraNa, guptacaro kA jAla, matrI va matraNA kA vanamAlA-rAmacandra kI yaha aprApya nATikA hai, sAtizaya mAhAtmya, rAjApo kA sagha banAnA Adi kaI jisake uddharaNa nATyadarpaNa meM prApta hote hai| rAjA nala samAna tattva prApta hote haiN| isame kavi ne yuvako ko nAyaka hai aura damayantI usakI vivAhitA patnI, jo aba rASTra rakSA kA sadeza diyA haimahAdevI pada para adhiSThita hai| nala kA prema kimI anya trasteSu teSu subhaTeSu vibhauca bhagne, kanyA se cala rahA hai| bhagnAsu kotiSu nirIkSya janaM bhayArtam / maithilIkalyANa-hastimalla (13vI zatAbdI kA yo mitrabAndhavavadhujanavArito'pi, uttarArddha va 14vI kA prArambha) ke 5 akoM ke isa nATaka valagatyarIna prati rasena sa eva vIraH / / 3.15 / / meM sItA va rAma ke vivAha kI kathA hai / mudrita kumudacandra-dhanadeva ke pautra tathA padmacandra ke samasAmayika kathAnaka kucha nATakakAroM ne apanI kRtiyo meM samasAmayika . putra yazaHcandra kI racanA mudritakumudacandra eka prakaraNa kathAnaka ko apanAyA hai| isa taraha kI kRtiyoM meM jaya hai| yaha vikhyAta dhArmika zAstrArtha kA avalabana karake siMha sUri kA hammIramadamadana, yazaHcandra kA mudrita kumuda likhA gayA hai jo 1124 I0 me zvetAmbara muni devasUri candra paura yazaHpAla kA moharAjaparAjaya (pratIka nATaka) va digambara muni kumudacandra ke bIca huA thaa| isameM bAda pAdi aise hI nATaka hai / ye kRtiyA tatkAlIna aitihAsika, me kumudacandra kA mukhamudraNa ho gyaa| isa prakAra isakA sAmAjika va dhArmika jIvana kA vizada citraNa upasthita nAma sArthaka hai| karatI hai| yaha nATaka mamasAmayika jainadharma kI sthiti para hammIramavamarvana-jayasiMhasari ta hammIramadamadana prakAza DAlatA hai| 5 akoM kA vIrarasAtmaka nATaka hai| jayasiMha bhar3auca ke moharAjaparAjaya'-jana kaviyoM ne bhI kRSNa mizra munisuvrata mandira ke prAcArya the| usa samaya gujarAta me ke prabodhacandrIya kA anusaraNa karake pratIka nATakoM ko gholkA (ghavalapura) ke rAjA vIradhavala the aura usake dharmapracAra ke lie upayogI smjhaa| yazaHpAladeva kI 1. hammIramadamardana kA prakAzana gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala 2. kAzI se prakAzita, vIra sa0 2432 dra0 baladeva sIrIja se huA hai| dra0 madhyakAlIna saMskRta nATaka, upAdhyAya kRta saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0606| pR. 280.285 aura kIyakRta saMskRta nATaka (udaya 3. gAyakavAha proriyaNTala mIrIja (grathAka 8), bar3audA bhAnusiMha kRta hindI anuvAda), pR0 262 se 264 / se prakAzita, 1930 /

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40, varSa 26, ki01 anekAnta moharAja parAjaya aisI hI racanA hai| isakI racanA racayitA devacandra, hemacandra ke ziSya the| isakA prathama 1174 se 11711 I. ke bIca huI, jaba gujarAta ke kavi abhinaya ajitanAtha ke vamanotsava para huprA thaa| isake kA prAzrayadAtA ajayadeva cakravartI zAsaka thaa| isakA anta me kumArapAla ke arNorAja kI vijaya kA ullekha prathama abhinaya kumAravihAra meM mahAvIra-yAtrA ke mahotsava hai| isakI racanA 1150 I0 ke lagabhaga huI thii| para humA thaa| isakI kathAvastu kA mAra kavi ne isa jaina kadhAnaka viSayaka nATaka prakAra diyA hai kucha nATakakAro ne jaina kathAsAhitya kI padyApadma kumArapAlanapatirjaja sa candrAnvayI. itivRttAtmaka saraNi para yA jaina purANoM ke kathAjaina dharmamavApya pApazamanaM shriihemcndraadgroH| nako ko prAdhAra banAkara apane nATakoM kI racanA nirvIrAdhanamujjhatA vidadhatA jUtAdinivAsa, kI hai| ye kRtiyAM hai rAmacandra kA kaumudImitrAnaMda, yena kena bhaTena mohanapatijigye jagatkaMTakaH // 1.4 // rAmabhadra muni kA prabuddha rohiNeya, meghAprabhAcArya kA (arthAta) rAjA kamArapAla ne jainadharma ke zrIhemacandra dharmAdaya, bAlacandra sUri kA karuNAvajrAyuddha, hastise pApagamana karane vAle jana-dharma kI dIkSA lii| unhone malla kA aJjanA vanAya va mubhadrAnATikA, brahma sUri apane rAjya se yunAdi kA nirvAsana kara diyA thA aura kA jyotiprabhAkalyANa aura neminAra kA zAmAmRta / ina jagatkaTaka moha nAmaka rAjA para vijaya prApta kI thii| rUpako me kahI makhya rUpa meno kahI gauNa rUpa se jaina dharma pAMca ako ke isa nATaka meM kamArapAla, hemacandra tathA ke pracAra kA kAma apanAyA gayA hai| vidUSaka prAdi to manuSya pAtra hai; zeSa puNyaketu, viveka, kaumudImitrAnaMda'-... rAmacandra ne dasa akoM ke apane vyavamAyasAgara, jJAnadarpaNa, sadAcAra, mAharAja, sadAgama, isa prakaraNa meM mitrAnada ko nAyaka va kaumudI ko nAyikA banAyA hai| nAyaka mitrAnada jinasena nAmaka baniye kA raja, kAma, janamanovRtti, dharmacintA, zAMti, nItimaMjarI, putra hai aura nAyikA kA pitA kulapati hai| kRpAmajarI Adi kitane hI pAtra satva asat guNo ke / isa prakaraNa ke viSaya meM kItha ko sammati haipratIka haiN| "yaha kRti sarvathA nIrasa hai| hA, isakI eka mAtra rocakatA isa nATaka kA kaI dRSTiyoM se bahuta mahattva hai / yaha vismayakArI ghaTanAoM kI yojanA meM haiM, jo sAmAjikoM aitihAsika dRSTi se atyadhika upAdeya hai| kumArapAla ko adabhuta raga kA udreka karatI hai|" isame jAdU, mantrake samaya meM jainadharma ke pracAra ke lie jo vyavasthA kI tatra, auSadhiprayoga, nara-bali va zava meM prANasacAra prAdi gaI thI, usakA utkRSTa varNana isameM prApta hotA hai / isa atiprAkRta tattva prApta hote hai| kApAlika ko dUSitaracanA kA pradhAna uddezya caritranirmANa hai| isa kRti me vRttiyo kA nidarzana, nyAyAlaya ke dhokhA va mithyA vyavalokadRSTi se AdhyAtmika majulatA kA samAveza kiyA hAra kA pradarzana, coro-DAko ke kAmo kA varNana prAdi gayA hai| isame yazaHpAladeva ko pUrNa saphalatA prApta huI tatkAlIna sAmAjika dazA para prakAza DAlate hai / pazubali hai| viNTaranitsa ne bhI isa nATaka kI bhUri-bhUri prazasA prAdi bA virodha kiyA gayA haiko hai ki isame tatkAlIna samAja, rAjanIti va dharma para puNyaprasUtajanmAnazcaNDAlavyAlasaGgatAm / acchA prakAza DAlA gayA hai| mAMsaraktamayoM devAH ki bali spahayAlavaH / / candraprabhAvijayaprakaraNa' -pATha ako ke isa nATaka ke kahIM-kahI sadupadeza bhI diye gaye hai1. gujarAta ke itihAsa ke viSaya meM prApta abhilekhoM recara, pR. 644 / prati jaisalamera ke bhaDArame upalabdha / tathA anya srotoM se prApta jAnakArI para yaha nATaka 3. jaina prAtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara se prakAzita / mahattvapUrNa prakAza DAlatA hai| 4 madhyakAlIna saMskRta nATaka, pR. 183 se 185 taka / -~- kItha kRta saskRta DrAmA (anUdita), pR. 270. 5 saskRta DrAmA (udayabhAnusiMha kRta anuvAda),pa. 274 / 2. kRSNamAcArya kRta hisTrI prApha klAsikala saMskRta liTa- 6. kaumudImitrAnada 6.13 /

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jaina saMskRta nATakoM ko kathAvastu : eka vivecana apatyajIvitasyArthe prANAnapi jahAti yaa| ke upalakSa me hayA thaa| isakA nAyaka dAna, raNa va tapa meM tyajanti tAmapi pharAM mAtaraM jharahetave / ' agraNI dazArNabhada gajA thaa| prastuta kRti meM nAyaka ke lekhaka mRcchakaTika va dazakumAra se prabhAvita jAna dIkSA lene kA varNana hai| indra jinendra kI vandanA karate paDatA hai| hA unake dharmAmyudaya kI prazaMsA karatA hai --- prabuddha rohiNeya' - jayaprabhamUri ke ziSya rAmabhadramuni dharmAbhyudayassa te jayati / ' gacita prabaddharauhiNeya cha aMko kA prakaraNa hai / vinTara. isa ke bAda usane dazArNabhadra ko namaskAra karate hue nitma kavi kA prAvirbhAva 1185 I0 bhAnana hai| prastuna kahA--- nATaka meM DAka rohiNeya ke kAna meM mahAvIra kI vANI maho mati raho mUtiraho sphUtiH zamazriyaH / par3a jAne meM usakA ajJAna dUra ho jAtA hai aura vaha vItarAgaprabhomanye ziSyo'bhUdeva tAvRzaH // ' mahAvIra ke caraNo kI mevA karane kA nizcaya karatA hai| isameM dharma pracAra kA kArya mauSThavapUrvaka vyajanA se use apane kie para prAyazcitta hotA hai| anta meM rAjA kiyA gayA hai yathA, dvArA umakA abhinaMdana kiyA jAtA hai| jinarAja kivadantI vanditumatkaNThitA nAtirUpAsti / imame DAka ko prakaraNa kA nAyaka banAyA gayA hai| saddharmavacaHzravaNa puNyagurutaraMbhavati // isake 5 dRzyo me indra, zacI, bahampani, nandana, candana isakA kathAnaka gampUrNa saskRta nATaka sAhitya meM anThA rati, prIti, gajA va mantrI grAdi divya va pradivya pAtro ko hI hai / lekhaka jaina hai, phira bhI pUra nATaka ma kahI bhI jainadharma ke pracAra kA bojhila kAryakrama nahIM apanAyA prastuna kiyA hai| yaha zrIgadila koTi nA uparUpaka hai| karuNAvajrAyuddha'-- isa rUpaka ke racayitA bAlacandragayA hai| gauNa rUpa meM jainavama ka pracAra kA khajAna mUri (1240 I0 ke pUrva) gujarAta ke suprasiddha mahAmatrI se nATaka kI kalAtmakatA akSuNNa raha sakI hai| jAnakSetra va sAhityakAra vastupAla ke samakAlIna th| isa kRni ma ma sadvRttaparAyaNa gato ke pAna jAna ge DAkuno kI manA vajrAyaddhanAmaka rAjA kI janadharma ke prati anupama niSThA vRtti meM parivartana ho gakatA hai| prabuddhagaihiNaya usakA kA varNana humA hai| vaha eka zyena se kabatara kI rakSA ke pUrvarUpa upasthita karatA hai| lie kabUtara ke barAbara apane zarIra kA gAsa detA hai, ___ isa yuga ke kaI nATako meM kUTa ghaTanA aura kuTa para pUrA na hote dekha apane zarIra ko ho tarAjU ke palaTa puruSoM kA prAcurya milatA hai| imame geTa ne DAka ko pakar3ana meM rakha detA hai| devagaNa prakaTa hokara rAjA kI atizaya ke lie aise kApaTika kama va kUTa ghaTanAmA kI yojanA pragamA karate hai| isa kRti ma janadharma kA ho eka mAtra ko hai-- saddharma batAyA gayA hai jisase apavarga svarga aura samRddhi tastavurghaTakaTakoTighaTanastaM ghaTTayiSye tathA / " saba prApya hai| aura bhI-- dharmAbhyudayaH" :-- meghaprabhAcArya ke dharmAbhyudaya ekAMkI eka jaina vinA dharma manye dharmA kudhImatAm / kA prathama abhinaya pAzvanAtha jinendra mandira meM yAtrAtmava saMvatA evaM zobhante paTaccarapaTA iva / / " 1. kaumudI mitrAnada, 77 / 5. prabuddharauhiNaya 3.22 vadra. 5-3 / 2. bhAvanagara se prakAzita / 6. bhAvanagara se prakAzita / 3. prabuddhagaihiNeya 6 34 / 7. gharrAbhyudaya 35 / 4. tva dhanyaH sukRtI tvagadabhutaguNastva vizvavizvottama- 8. vahI, 36 / stvaM zAghyo'khilakalmapa ca bhavatA prakSAlita cauyaM jm| 6. vahI, 18 / puNyaH sarvajanonatAparigato yA bhUbhavamvAcita 10. abhaya jaina graMthAlaya bIkAnera meM upalakA, bhAvanagara yasto vojinazvarasya caraNI lIna zaraNyo bhavAna se prkaashit| -~-vahI 640 / 11. karuNAvanAyuddha, 40 /

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42 varSa 29, ki0 1 svazarIra ke mAsadAna ke lie tatpara rAjA kI ganI ke dvArA virata kie jAne para usane kahA anekAnta yAyAvareNa kimanena zarIrakeNa svecchAnnapAnaparipoSapIvareNa / sarvAzucipraNayina kRtanAzanena kArya paropakRtaye na hi kalpyate yat // karuNAvayuddha me dharmapracAra pradhAna uddezya hai, aura vaha bhI vaidika dharma kI nindApUrvaka | kabUtara zyena Adi pakSiyoM ko pAtra banAnA yaha bhI isa kRti kI apanI hI vizeSatA hai'| graJjanApavanaJjaya - hastimalla ke 7 aMko ke isa nATaka kI kathAvastu vimalasUri ke paumacariu se lI gaI hai| isame divyapAtro kA kriyAkalApa hai / aJjanA svayaMvara me pavanaJjaya kA varaNa karatI hai| kucha samaya bAda aJjanA ne hanumata ko janma diyaa| pavanaJjaya kA mAdityapura me abhiSeka kiyA gyaa| subhadrA nATikA hastimalla kI cAra prako kI isa nATikA meM vidyAdhara rAjA nami kI bhaginI mora kaccharAja kI kanyA subhadrA kA tIrthakara nRpama ke putra bharata se vivAha kA kathAnaka nivaddha kiyA gayA hai / hastimalla ke isa rUpaka me va kucha anya rUpako me svayaMvara vivAha kI carcA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kavivara vivAha kA pakSa pAnI thA / vikrAnta kaurava hastimalla ke isa rUpaka meM kAzInareza kampana kI kanyA sulocanA svayaMvara me kururAja kumAra kA varaNa karato hai| prakIti va jayakumAra ke yuddha me jayakumAra kIti ko parAsta karatA hai / taba sulocanA va jayakumAra kA vivAha dhUmadhAma se hotA hai| bharata cakravartI va tIthakara RSabhadeva bhI prakAzantara 19 madhyakAlIna saMskRta nATaka, pR0 277 se 276 T 3 vibhAratako 1.1 1.55 4.17 5.15: 6 52 va 6.54 / 4. 60 nAthUrAma premI kucha jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa se varNita hai / isame kaI sthaloM para Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI vandanA kI gayI hai' / jyotiH prabhAkalyANa - brahmasUri ne ( 14vI va 15vI zatAbdI ke adhikAla me ) jyoti: prabhAkalyANa nATaka kI racanA kI thI / brahmasUri nATyAcArya hastimalla ke vaMzaja hai / isakA prathama abhinaya zAMtinAtha ke janmotsava para huA thaa| isameM zAtinAtha kA pUrvabhava sambandhI pramitateja vidyAdhara aura jyoti prabhA kA kathAnaka hai guNabhadra kA uttarapurANa isakI kathAvastu kA AdhAra hai / nATaka me yatra-tatra jaina jIvanadarzana kI jhalaka prastuta kI gaI haikAyaklAntiH kAma kelau kalAsvamyasanAzramaH / sAMsArika sukha sarva vidhamevAvabhAsate / / isa yuga me jaina vicAravArA meM kucha parivartana aayaa| pahale taka jaina me gRhasthAzrama ke prati udAsInatA ghora upekSA kA bhAva thA, isa yuga me manusmRti me vizlepita zrAzramavyavasthA mAno svIkAra kara lI gaI / kavi kI ukti hai dharmo'yaM kAmo mokSa iti puruSArthacatuSTaya kramavedI kimapi na tyajati / prAdhAro gRhAzramI sarvAzramiNAmAhArAdidAnavidhAnAt na cedanagArANAM kathaM kAryasthitaH / / zAmAmRta' neminAtha ke zAmAmRta me ( 12vI nadI) meM neminAtha ko virakti kI kathA hai| neminAtha kA vivAha ugrasena kI kanyA rAjamatI se hone vAlA thaa| unake vivAhotsava me bhoja banane ke lie mAre jAne vAle asakhya pazu se rahe hai| pazumo ke rodana ko sunakara neminAtha ne mAra se kahApazUnAM rudhiraiH sikto yo dhatte durgatiphalam / vivAhaviSavRkSeNa kArya me nAnA / / - itara nATaka - kucha jaina nATakakAroM ne saMskRta nATaka paraMparA se prabhAvita hokara apane nATako kI racanA kI pR. 466 / bagalora se prakAzita kAvyAmbudhi, mAsika patrikA prathama praka meM isake prathama dvitIya va tRtIya baka ke tIna pRSTha prakAzita hue hai| 5. jyoti prabhAkasyANa 1.24 / 6. munidharma vijaya dvArA saMpAdita, bhAvanagara se prakAzita /

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jaina saMskRta nATakoM ko kathAvastu : eka vivecana 43 hai| unakI una kRtiyoM kA prAdarza unase pUrvavartI samkRta eka bahata bar3I vizeSatA to yaha hai ki iname divya koTi nATakakAra rahe hai| ataH kathAvastu bhI pUrNatayA unase ke pAtro se lekara pazu-pakSiyoM ko bhI pAtra rUpa ma prabhAvita jAna paDatA hai; yathA rAmacandra ke mallikA- upasthita kiyA gayA hai| matya nindra, karuNAvamApana makarada para bhavabhUti ke mAlatImAdhava kA prabhAva spaSTa va zAmAmRta nATaka ma mA kiyA gayA hai| hai|nycndr (13vIM 14vI zatAbdI kA sadhikAla) kA raMbhAmaMjarI saTraka karparamaMjarI ke prAdarza para racA gayA ina nATako meM satya, himA, prAyaM. zA. popakAra, zAti, dAna, saMsAra kI nazvaratA, daMga-bhakti prAdi sada. isa prakAra jaina nATakakAroM dvArA liye gaye saskRta guNo kA mAnavajIvana meM samAveza zivAyA gayA hai| rUpakoM ko kathAnaka ke AdhAra para cAra vargoM meM rakhA jA mohagajaparAjaya nATaka meM prasA va man niyoM ko pAtra sakatA hai| kucha rUpako ma gauNarUpa se jiname gauNa rUpa rUpa meM upasthita karake asata vRttiyo para gata vRttiyo kI meM jaina dharma ke pracAra ko liyA hai. ve nATakakAra nATaka vijaya dikhAI gaI hai| cArinirmANa ho mI canAyo kI kalAtmakatA ko akSuNNa rakha pAe hai| jina nATaka kA uddezya rahA hai| isa prakAra kI kRtiyAM ga nATakakAga kAroM ne samasAmayika kathAnaka ko AdhAra banAkara apane dvAga lokadRSTi meM prAdhyAtmika manalatA kA samAveza rUpakoM kI racanA kI hai, ve tatkAlIna itihAma, samAja kiyA gayA hai| va dharma kI dazA para yathArtha prakAza DAla pAe hai| samAja bApUlAla sAjanA kI calo pA rahI kurItiyo va aMdhavizvAgo ko dUra karane sI-8, yUnivaSTiI kvArTarma, tathA samAja sudhAra ko lakSya banAkara bhI kucha nATakakAge durgA narsarI rADa, ne apane nATako kI racanA kI hai| jaina nATakakAro kI udayapura (rAja.) zramaNa muniyoM kI paramparA uttarakAlIna vaidika paramparA meM vAtarazanAmuni pUrvavata sammAna pAte hue UrdhvaretA (brahmacArI) aura zramaNa nAmoM se bhI abhihita hone lage the| vAtarazanA havA RSayaH zramaNAH UrdhvamaMthino vabhavaH -taittirIya prAraNyaka 11, 26, 7. padmapurANa (6, 212) ke anusAra tapa kA nAma hI zrama hai / ata jo rAjA rAjya kA parityAga kara tapasyA se apanA sambadha jor3a letA hai vaha zramaNa kAlAne lagatA hai / muniyo kI zramaNa sajJA itanI loka-pracalita huI ki Age ke samasta vaidika, jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM prAyaH ina muniyA kA zramaNa aura unakI tapasyA va anya sAdhanAmoM kA zrAmaNya nAmo se hI ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| 7. madhyakAlIna maskRta nATaka, pR. 186 / 8. DA0 pITasana aura rAmacandra dInAnAtha sapAdita, nirNayasAgara se 1886 I0 meM prakAzita / dra0 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, le. jagadIzacandra jaina, pR 633-35 /

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Ayurveda ke jJAtA jainAcArya L] DA. harizcandra jaina, jAmanagara pAyarveda bhAratavarSa meM cikitmA-zAstra se sambandhita prAyurveda sAhitya ke jaina manISI the avazya kintu unakA viSaya hai| isakA prArabha jaina paramparA ke anusAra bhagavAna koI vyavasthita vivaraNa nahI milatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra RSabhadeva ke samaya se hotA hai kyoki bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke 170 varSa uparAnta aneka jana prAcArya haye jiname aneka ne isa deza ke logoM ke lie jina jIvana-yApana ke sAdhanoM kI Ayurveda sAhitya ke manISI the| jaina grantho me aura saketa kiyA thA. uname go se jIvana kI rakSA karanA prAyurveda kA mahatva pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai kintu isakI bhI sammilita thaa| ataH Ayurveda kA prArabha unhI ke samaya gaNanA pApazrutI meM kI hai yaha eka prAzcarya hai / sthAnAga se prArabha huaA hai aisA mAnanA hogaa| mUtra meM prAyurveda ke pATha aMgo kA nAmollekha yAja prApta usa samaya kA koI ligvita sAhitya upalabdha nahI hotA hai / prAcAraga sUtra me 16 rogo kA nAmollekha hai / kintu bhagavAna RSabhadeva se mahAvIra taka isa prakAra upalabdha hai inakI samAnatA vaidika pAyarveda grantho se hai| kA jJAna ( oral evangelism ) maukhika upadezo ke dvArA sthAnAga satra meM rogotpatti ke kAraNo para prakAza hamako prApta huprA hai| DAlA gayA hai aura rogotpatti ke ha kAraNa batAye gaye hai| mokSamArga ke liye svAsthya ThIka rakhanA Avazyaka hai| jaina manISI dharmamAdhana ke liye zarIra rakSA ko bahuta ata. rogo se bacane kA upAya prAyurveda khlaayaa| isa mahattva dete the / bRhatkalpabhASya kI vRtti meM kahA hai :viSaya para usa samaya taka svatatra graMtha nahI likhe gaye, kintu zarIraM dharmasaMyukta rakSaNIya prytntH| jaba jJAna ko lipivaddha karane kI paramparA calI to zarIrAcchvate dharmaH parvatAt salila yathA // Ayurveda para svatatra tathA anya grantho me pramaMgavaza prAyurvada arthAt jaise parvata se jala pravAhita hotA hai vaise hI kA varNana aAja prApta hai| zarIra se dharma pravAhita hotA hai / ataeva dharmayukta zarIra bhAgama ke anusAra 14 pUrSoM meM prANavAda nAmaka pUrva kI yatnapUrvaka rakSA karanI cAhiye / meM Ayurveda pATha prakAra kA hai aisA saketa milatA hai, ataH zarIra rakSA meM sAvadhAna jaina sAdhu kadAcita jisase maSTAMga prAyurveda kA tAtparya hai / gomaTasAra, jisakI rogagrasta ho to ve vyAdhiyo ke upacAra kI kalA vidhivat racanA 1 hajAra varSa pUrva huI hai aimA saketa hai / isa prakAra jAnate the / zvetAmbara bhAgamA yathA aga, upAga, bhUla, cheda grAdi me nizItha carSI me vaidyaka zAstra ke paDito ko dRSTipAThI yatra tatra prAyurveda ke aza upalabdha hote hai| kahA hai| jaina granthoM meM aneka vaidyo kA varNana milatA hai bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma IsA se 566 varSa pUrva jo kAya-cikitsA tathA zalyacikitmA meM prati nipUNa hote hamA thaa| unake ziSya gaNadhara kahalAte the jinhe anya the| yuddha meM bhI ve jAkara zalya cikitsA karate the aisA zAstroM ke sAtha mAyurveda kA jJAna thA / digambara paramparA ke varNana prApta hotA hai| Ayurveda sAhitya ke jaina manISI anusAra prAcArya puSpadata eva bhUtabali ne paTava DAgama nAmaka sAdhu eva gRhastha dono vA~ kdh| grantha kI racanA kI hai| yaha grantha jyeSTha sudI pacamI ko hariNegamepI dvArA mahAvIra ke garbha kA apaharaNa eka pUrNa humA thaa| prata yaha nizcita hai ki isase pUrva kA jaina apUrva tathA cikitsA zAstra kI dRSTi se vicAraNIya mAhitya upalabdha nahIM hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrva ghaTanA hai| prAcArya padamanadI ne apanI pavizatikA me

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prAyurveva ke mAtA jainAcArya zrAvaka ko muniyoM ke liye auSadha dAna dene kI carcA kI 12 gomamTadevamuni merUmtambha hai| isa saMdarbha meM yaha spaSTa hai ki zrAvaka jaina dharma kI 13 sijanAgArjana - nAgArjanakalpa, nAgArjunakakSapuTa samasta dRSTiyo se anukUla prauSadha vyavasthA karata the / ima 14 kItivarma gau vaidya prakAra ke jaina Ayarveda sAhitya ke manISI vidvAna hI uname 15 magarAja khagendramaNI darpaNa parAmarza dAtA hote the| 16 abhinavacandra hadayazAstra Ayarveda mAhitya ke jaina manISI vidvAno kI paramparA 17 devendramani bAlagraha cikitmA nimna prakAra aitihAmika dRSTi me vivecana karane yogya hai| 18 amRtanadI vaidyaka nighaTa prAdinAtha (zrIRSabhadeva svAmI) 16 jagadevamahApacavAH zrIvaradeva vaMdyAmRta bharatacakravartI puna. bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI 20 sAnava rasaratnAkara vaidya sAgatya gaNadhara eva ziSyapraziSya, muni eva sAdhu aAdi / 21 hapaMkIti mUrI yoga cintAmaNi ukta aitihAsika paramparA kA vaidika prAyurveda 22 jaina siddhAnta bhavana pArA ke mAhitya se koI manabheda nahI hai| bhagavAna AdinAtha se vaidya mArasagraha, grArogya cintA maNi bhagavAna mahAvIra svAbhI taka ke prAyurveda mAhitya ke jaina 23 pUjyapAda- akalaka sahitA, auSadha indra nadImahitA prayoga manISiyo kA koI likhina sAhitya nahIM hai, kintu bhagavAna 24 pAzAdhara mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke uparAnta jaba me zAstra likhane kI vaidya aSTAga hRdayaTIkA 13 vI. za. paramparA prArabha huI, usake bAda jo prAcArya hae unhoMne jA 25 momanAtha kalyANakAraka mAyurveda sAhitya likhA hai usakA vivaraNa avazya pAna (kAla) bhI prApta hai aura adhikAza kA nAmollekha sAstrA meM 26 nityanAtha vikIrNa milatA hai| rasaratnAkara 14vI. za. gAyana mujhe yaba taka prAyaveda sAhitya ke jina jaina manopiyo 27 dAmodara bhaTTa prArogya cintAkA nAma, unake dvArA ligvina kRti tathA kAla kA jJAna maNi (kannaDa) hupA hai use maiM nIce eka sUcI ke dvaar| vyakta kara rahA hU. 28 dhanvantarI dhanvantarI nighaTu jisase mampUrNa jaina prAcAryo kA eka sAtha jJAna ho ske| kAza prAcArya nAma grantha kAla viSaya 26 nAgarAja yogazataka 1 zrutakIrti 30 kavi pAzrva rogaratnAvalI 2 kumArasena 31 kavimAnajI kavipramoda 1746 rama3 vIrasena --- viSa eva graha vi. sa. zAstra 4 pUjyapAda pAtrasvAmI vaMdyAmRta 12 vI.za. zAlAkyatatra 32 rAmacandra vadya vinoda 1810 5 siddhasena dazaratha gurU bAlarAga vi. sa. sagraha 6 meghadvAda bAlaroga 33 dIpa candra bAnatatra bhASA 1636 kaumAra7 siMhanAda vAjIkaraNa eva rasAyana vardhAnakA _ visa. mRtya 8 samantabhadra (1) puSpAyurvada ladhana pathya (2) siddhAnta rasAyana kalpa-10 vI. za.-rasAyana vallabha nirNaya kAlajJAna 18 za. 6 jaTAcArya 35 daraveza hakIma prANasukha 1806 vi.sa. 10 ugrAditya kalyANakAraka havI. za cikitsA 36 mani yazakIti jagasundarI 11 vasavarAja prayogazAlA

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46, varSa 26, ki01 bhanekAnta 37 devacandra maSTijJAna jyotiSa yaha eka sampUrNa dRSTi hai jo prAyurveda ke jainAcAryoM ke eva liye phailAI jA sakatI hai| vaise pUrvamadhya yuga arthAt vaidyaka 700-1200 IsavI se pUrva kA koI jainAcArya prAyurveda 38 nayana sukha vaidyaka manotsava, ke kSetra me dRSTigocAra nahI hotA hai / prAyurveda ke jaina mantAna vidhi manIpI sarva prathama prAcArya pUjyapAda yA devanadI ko mAnA mannipAta kalikA, jA sakatA hai| sAlontara rAsa (1) pUjyapAda ' - inakA dUsarA nAma devanadI hai| 36 kRSNa dAma gadhaka kalpa ye I. 5 za me huye hai| inakA kSetra karnATaka rahA hai| 40 janArdana bAla viveka 18 vI. ye darzana, yoga, vyAkaraNa tathA Ayurveda ke advitIya vidvAna gosvAmI vaidyaratna vi. saM. the| pUjyapAda aneka viziSTa zaktiyo ke dhanI vidvAna the| 41 jogIdAsa sujAnasiMha rAso 1762 vi. sa. ve daivI zaktiyakta the / unhone gaganagAminI vidyA meM 42 lakSmIcandra kauzala prApta kiyA thaa| yaha pArada (Mercury) ke 43 samaratha mUrI samajarI 1768 vi. sa vibhinna prayogoM kA karate the / vibhinna dhAtugrI meM svarNa banAne kI kriyA jAnate the| unhona zAlAkya tatra para grantha Uparalikhita tAlikA ma maina gega Ayurveda ke jaina likhA hai| inake vaidyaka grantha prAyaH anupalabdha hai kintu manISiyo kA mAmAlIkha kiyA hai jinhona Ayarveda sAhitya inakA nAma aneka prAyaveda ke mAcAryoM ne apane grandho meM kA praNayana pradhAna rupa meM kiyA hai| sAtha hI ve cikitsA likhA hai aura inake prAyurveda sAhitya tathA cikitsA kArya meM nipuNa tha / kintu prAcIna jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa vaiduSya kI carcA bhI kI hai| prAcArya zrI zubhacandra ne apane kA parijanana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki bahata se vidvAna "jJAnArNava" ke eka eka zloka dvArA vaidyaka jJAna kA prAcArya |k meM adhika viSaya ke jJAtA hote the / prAyurveda paricaya diyA hai : ke manISI isa niyama se mukta nahIM the / ve bhI sAhitya ke apAkurvanti yavAcaH kAyavAka cittasambhavam / sAtha darzana, vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa, nyAya, matra, rasatantra Adi kalakamaMginAM so'yaM devanandI namasyate // ke sAtha prAyurveda kA jJAna rakhate the / prAyurveda ke mahAna yaha zloka ThIka usI prakAra kA hai jaisA pataJjali ke zalyavida prAcArya suthuta ne kahA hai : bAre meM likhA hai :eka zAstramadhIyAno na vidyA zAstranizcayam yogena cittasyapadena vAcAM malaM zarIrasya ca vaidyakena / tasmAd bahuzrutaH syAt vijAnIyAta cikitsakaH / / yo'pAkarota ta varadaM manInAM pataMjali prAMjalirAnato'smi // koI bhI vyakti eka zAstra kA adhyayana kara zAstra aisA lagatA hai ki pUjyapAda patajali ke samAna hI kA parNa vidvAna nahI ho sakatA hai, ataH cikitsaka banane pratibhAzAlI vaidyaka ke jainAcArya the| ke liye bahadhata honA yAvazyaka hai| kannar3a kavi magarAja jo vi. sa. 1416 me hue hai __ maiM kucha aise Ayurveda ke jaina manISiyoM kI gaNanA jinhone "khagendramaNi darpaNa" aAyurveda kA grantha likhA hai, karAugA jinake sAhitya meM Ayurveda vikIrNa rUpa se prApta unhone likhA ki maine apane isa grantha kA bhAga pUjyapAda ke hai :--- pUjyapAda yA devanadI, mahAkavi dhanaMjaya, prAcArya vaidyaka grantha se saMgRhIta kiyA hai| isama sthAvara viSoM kI guNabhadra, somadeva, harizcandra, vAgbhaTTa, zubhacandra, hemacandrA- prakriyA aura cikitsA kA varNana hai / bauddha nAgArjana se cArya, pa. prAzAdhara, 4 jAjAka, nAgArjuna zor3hala, viirsiNh| bhinna eka nAgArjuna jo pUjyapAda ke bahanoI the unheM inhone svatatra sAhitya racanA kI hai tathA inake sAhitya pUjyapAda ne apanI vaidyaka vidyA sikhAI thI / rasaguTikA me mAyurveda ke aza vidyamAna hai| jo khecarI guTikA thI, kA nirmANa sikhAyA thaa| pUjyapAda

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mAyurveda ke mAtA janAcArya ramAyanazAstra ke vidvAna the| ve apane pairo meM gaganagAmI "guNa sagraha" grantha limve hai| ve upalakSya hai aura prAyogitA lepa lagA kara videha kSetra kI yAtrA karate the, aisA vyavahAra ke liye uttama grantha hai / kathAnaka mAhitya me milatA hai| (8) upAvitya- havI IsavI ke karnATaka ke digambara jaina sAhitya ke anusAra pUjyapAda prAyurveda jaina vaidya the, dharmazAstra eva nAyurveda ke vidvAna the / jIvana mAhitya ke prathama naina manIpI the / vaM caraka, patati ko kA adhika mamaya cikityaka mAtIta kiyA thaa| koTi ke vidvAna the| jinhe aneka rasazAstra, yogazAstra ye rASTrakaTa nA rAjA taga pramoghavarSaka gajabaMdha the / aura cikitmA kI vidhiyoM kA jJAna thaa| sAtha hI zalya inhone kalyANa-kAraka nAmaka cikitsA grantha likhA hai evaM zAlAkya viSaya ke vidvAna prAcArya the| jo aAja upalabdha hai| isame 26 adhyAya hai| iname roga(2) mahAkavi dhanaMjaya-- inakA samaya vi. sa. 660 lakSaNa, cikitsA, zarIra, kalpa, agadatatra eva gmAyana kA hai| inhone "dhanajaya nighaTu" likhA hai jo vadyaka ke sAtha varNana hai / yaha molApura se prakAzita hai| rogo kA dASAkoza kA grantha hai / ye pUjyapAda ke mitra the aura rAmakAlIna nusAra vargIkaraNa prAcArya kI vizeSatA hai| inhone jaina the jaisA yaha zloka prakaTa karatA hai - mAcAra-vicAra kI dRSTi se cikitmA kI vyavasthA me madya, pramANamakalakasya pUjyapAdasya lakSaNam / mAsa aura madhu kA prayoga nahIM batAyA hai / inhone amogha dhanajayakaveH kAvyaM ratnatrayamapapazcimam / / varSa ke darabAra me mAsAhAra kI nirarthakatA vaijJAnika inhone viSApahAra stotra likhA hai jo prArthanA dvArA pramANo ke dvArA prastuta kI thI aura anta meM ve vijayI rhe| roga dUra karane ke hetu likhA hai| mAsAhAra gaMga dUra karane kI apekSA aneka naye rogoM (3) gRNabhadra-ye zaka saMvata 737 se hae hai| ko janma detA hai, yaha inhone likhA hai / yaha bAta prAja ke inhona 'mAtmAnuzAsana' likhA hai jisame AdyopAnta prAyaveda yuga meM utanI hI satya hai jitanI usa samaya thii| ke zAstrIya zabdo kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai aura phira (10) vIra siMha-ve 13vI za. ImavI meM ye hai| zarIra ke mAdhyama se prAdhyAtmika viSaya ko mamajhAyA hai| inhoMne cikitmA kI dRSTi se jyonipa kA mahattva lignA inakA vaidyaka jJAna vedha meM kama nahIM thaa| hai / vIramihAvaloka inakA grantha hai| (4) somadeva-6 cI za. ke prAcArya he yazastilaka (11) nAgArjana-ima nAma ke kaI prAcArya haye the campU me strasya vRna kA acchA varNana kiyA hai| inhe jiname 3 pramukha hai| jA nAgArjana middha nAgArjana the 600 vanaspatizAstra kA jJAna thA kyoki unhoMne zikhaNDI IsavI meM hue hai| ve pUjyapAda ke ziSya the| unhe ramatAiva vana kI auSadhiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai / ye ramazAratra zAstra kA bahuna jJAna thaa| unhona nepAla, tibbata prAdi ke jJAtA the| sthAnoM kI yAtrA kI aura vahA ramazAstra ko phailAyA thaa| (5) harizcandra-ye dhamaMzarmAbhyudaya ke racayitA hai inhoMne pUjyapAda meM mokSa-prApti hetu gavidyA gonI thii| kintu kucha vaidyaka granyo meM inakA nAma pAnA hai / kucha inhone (1) ramakAcapuTam praura (2) kanapuTa tathA siddha vidvAna inheM khagnAda sahitA ke racayitA mAnata hai| cAmuNDA granya line the| bhanna nAgAjana pora bhikSanA(6) zubhacandra -11 vI za ke vidvAna the| inhoMne gArjuna bauddha matAvalambI the| dhyAna eva yAMga ke sabandha meM jJAnANava libA hai / yaha bhA (12) paDita prAzAdhara --- ye nyAya, vyAkaraNa, dharma mAyurveda ke jJAtA the| prAdi ke mAtha prAyurveda mAhitya ke jaina manIpI the / inhoMne (7) hemacandrAcArya-- yogazAstra ke vidvAna the| praSTAga hRdaya nAmaka (vAgbhaTTa, jo prAyurveda ke RSi the, (8) zodala-ye 12vI za. ImavI me hue hai| inakA unake grantha kI) udyotinI TIkA kI hai, jo aprApya hai / kSetra gujarAta thaa| inhone prAyurveda ke "gada nigraha" aura inakA kAla vi. saM. 1252 hai| ye mAlava nareza arjuna

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48, varSa 26, ki0 1 anekAsa varmA ke samaya dhArA nagarI meM the| inake vaidyaka jJAna kA isa prakAra Ayurveda sAhitya ke aneka jainamanISI prAcArya prabhAva inake "sAgAradharmAmRta" grantha meM milatA hai| ata. ye hue hai| vartamAna kAla me bhI kaI jaina mAdhu tathA zrAvaka vidvAna vaidya the / inake lie mUri, nayavizvavakSu, kalikAli- cikitsA zAstra ke acche jAnakAra hai kintu unhoMne koI dAsa, prajJApuja prAdi vizeSaNo kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| prata grantha nahI likhe hai / maiMne kaI jaina sAdhunoM ko zalya cikitsA inake vaidya hone meM sadeha nahIM hai| paDitajI ne samAja ko pUrNa kA kArya maphalatA pUrvaka niSpanna karate hue dekhA hai| prahimaka jIvana bitAte hue mokSagArga kA upadeza diyA hai| jaina prAcAryoM ne prAyurveda sAhitya kA lekhana tathA zarIra, mana, aura prAtmA kA kalyANakArI upadeza inake vyavahAra samAja hita ke lie kiyA hai| bhAratavarSa meM jaina sAgaradharmAmRta meM hai| unake anumAra yadi dhAvA yAcaraNa dharma kI apanI daSTi hai aura umame jIvana ko samyak prakAra kare to rugNa hone kA avasara nahIM pA sakatA hai| se jIte hue mokSamArga kI ora pravRtta karanA dRSTavya hai| (13) bhiSaka ziromaNi harSakoti sUri .. inakA isalie AhAra-vihAra Adi ke lie unhoMne ahiMsAtmaka ThIka kAla jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai| ye nAgapurIpa tapA samAja nirmANa vicAra kA varNana kiyA hai| cikitsA me gacchIya candrakIti ke ziSya the aura mAnakoti inake guru madya, mAsa aura madhu ke payoga kA dhArmika dRSTi se smaathe| inhone yogacintAmaNi aura vyAdhinigraha grantha lise veza nahI kiyA hai| vadika paramparA ke prAcAryoM ne jo hai| dono upalabdha hai pIra prakAzita hai| donA cikitmA prAyaveda mAhitya likhA hai usase to jaina paramparA ke dvArA ke lie upayogI hai| inake sAhitya meM cagya, guzruta eva nikhita grAgarveda mAhityame ukta dono pagaparAyo kI acchI vAgbhaTTa kA sAra hai / kucha navIna yogo kA mizraNa hai jo bAto ke sAtha mAtha nijI vizeSatAyeM hai| ve hisAtmaka inake svaya ke cikitmA jJAna kI gahimA hai| granpa jaina vicAra ke hai jinakA sabadha zarIra, mana aura prAtmA se hai| prAcAryo kI rakSA hetu likhA gayA hai| isakA phala samAja meM acchA huprA hai| zrAja jaina prAcAryo (14) DA0 prANajIvana mANikacandra mehatA- inakA ne jo prAyurveda mAhitya likhA hai usake saiddhAntika eva janma 1886 meM hmaa| ye ema. DI nigrIdhArI jaina hai| vyavahAra pakSa kA pUga parIkSaNa honA zeSa hai| jaina samAja inhone carakasaMhitA ke agrajI anuvAda meM yogadAna diyA tathA zAmana ko isa bhAratIya jJAna ke vikAsa hetu aavhai| ye jAmanagara kI prAyada sasthA meM sacAlaka rahe hai| zyaka prayatna karanA caahie| ziva aura jina kI pUjA vidhi meM ekarUpatA jaina aura zaiva kI pUjA sAmagrI meM ekarUpatA hai| jala, sugadha, akSata, dIpadhUpa, naivedha aura phala yaho aSTa dravya donoM kI pUjA-vidhiyoM kI sAdhana sAmagrI hotI hai patra: puSpaH phalapi jalairvA vimalaH sdaa| karavIraH pUjyamAnaH zakaro varado bhavet // ----skandapurANa 1, 5, 86 / agni purANa 74, 63 prAdi

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tIrthaMkara mahAvIra zrI premacanda jaina, ema0 e0, darzanAcArya, jayapura prAja se DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva ke bhAratIya itihAsa mahAvIra kA janma huaa| unakI mAtA kA nAma trizalA para daSTipAta karate hai to hRdaya manna raha jAtA hai| yaha (priyakAriNI), pitA kA nAma siddhArtha', bar3e bhAI kA vizvAsa hI nahI ho pAtA ki kyA bhAratIya saMskRti nAma nandIvarddhana*, bahana kA nAma sudarzanA" tathA nAnA kA itanI vikRta, itanI gandalI, itanI tiraskRta bana sakatI nAma ceTaka' thaa| hai ? sattA, mahattA, prabhutA va andhavizvAma ke nAma para teja:paMja bhagavAna ke garbha me pAte hI giddhArtha rAjA itane atyadhika atyAcAra, anAcAra aura bhraSTAcAra panapa tathA anya kuTambIjanoM kI, dhana dhAnya kI vizeSa samRddhi sakate hai ? saMkSepa ma kahA jA sakatA hai ki usa yuga me huI. unakA yaza, teja, parAkrama aura vaibhava bar3hA, mAtA mAnava mAnava na rahakara dAnava bana cukA thA; dharma ke nAma kI pratibhA camaka uThI, vaha sahaja hI aneka gaDha prazno kA para, maskRti ke nAma para, gabhyatA ke nAma para vaha mUka uttara dene lagI aura prajAjana bhI uttaronara gaya-zAnti pazupro ke prANo ke sAtha khilavATa kara rahA thaa| jAti- kA adhika anabhava karane lge| Tamase janma kAla ma aApakA bAda, pathavAda aura guNDamavAda kA mvara itanA tejasvI sArthaka nAma 'barddhamAna' rakhA gayA, aimA prasiddha pAzcAtya bana cakA thA ki mAnavatA rI AvAja sunAI nahIM de rahI vicAraka DAkTara harmana jekobI aura DAkTara e0 epha0 thii| strI-jAti kI dazA bhI dayanIya thii| vaha gRhalakSmI prAra0 hArnala Adi kA mantavya hai| ke pada se haTakara gahavAmI bana gaI thii| mAnavIya pAdarzI jJAtRkala meM utpanna hone meM dUsarA nAma 'nAyapura' ke lie vastutaH vaha eka pralaya kI bar3I thii| ( jJAtaputra yA jJAtaputta ) rakhA gyaa| prAcArAga', aisI vikaTa ghar3I meM caitra zuklA trayodazI kI madhya sUtrakRtAMga', bhagavatI", uttarAdhyayana", dazavakAlikA2 rAtri me videha (bihAra) dezastha kuNDapura' me bhagavAna Adi meM estuna nAma kA spaSTa ullekha praneka sthaloM para 1. zvetAmbara sampradAya ke kucha grantho meM 'kSatriyakaNDa' 6 paanaagaa| aisA nAmolanegya bhI milatA hai jo mambhavata kuNDapura 7. dego, guNabhadrAcArya kRta mahApurANa kA 74vA parva / kA eka mohallA jAna par3atA hai; anyathA, usI 8. pAca gaMga dvi0 zru0 a0 15, sU0 1003 / sampradAya ke dUsare granthoM me kuNDagrAmAdi rUpa se kuNDa (ma) prA0 cA0 zru0 1, a08 u08, 448 / para kA sApha ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| yathA-- "hatyuttarAhi jAmo kuDaggAme mhaaviiro|" 6. (ka) mUtra 30 1, gA0 22 / prA0ni0 bhA0 (kha) mUtra thu. 1, a0 6, nA0 2 / yaha kuNDapura hI Ajakala kuNDalapura kahA jAtA (ga) mUtra tha0 1, pra0 gAthA 24 / hai, jo ki vAstava me vaizAlI kA upanagara thA / (gha) sUtra zru02, pra06, gAthA 16 / 2. dekhiye jaina harivaza purANa, sarga 2 / 18 / 10. bhagavatI za015, 76 / 3. , , , sarga 2 / 14 / 11. uttarA0 a06, gAthA 17 / 4. kalpa sUtra 105, pR0 36 / / 12. daza0 a0 5, u02, gAthA 46 / 5. prAcArAAMga di0 zru0 bhAga (kha) kalpasUtra sUtra 107, (kha) daza0 a0 6, gAthA 21 / pR0 36 /

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50, varSa 26, ki.. anekAnta hamA hai| vinayapiTaka", majjhimanikAya", dIdhanikAya khAsa taura para do ghaTanAyeM ullegva yogya hai--saMjaya maura suttanipAtta" meM bhI yaha nAma milatA hai / mahAvIra 'jAta' vijaya nAma ke do cAraNa muniyoM ko tattvArtha-viSayaka vaMza ke kSatriya the / 'jAta' yaha prAkRta bhASA kA zabda hai koI bhArI sandeha utpanna ho gayA thaa| janma ke kucha dina aura 'nAta' aimA dantya nakAra se bhI likhA jAtA hai| bAda hI jaba unhoMne pApako dekhA to Apake darzana mAtra saMskRta meM isakA paryAya rUpa hotA hai 'jnyaat'| isI se se unakA vaha saba sandeha tatkAla dUra ho gayA aura isa cAritrabhakti me bhI pUjyApAdAcArya ne zrI prajJAtakulendunA prakAra unhoMne baDI bhakti se ApakA nAma sanmati rkhaa| pada ke dvArA mahAvIra bhagavAna ko jJAta vaMza kA candramA dUsarI ghaTanA- eka dina Apa bahuta se rAjakumAroM ke likhA hai aura isI me mahAvIra jAtapUta athavA jJAtaputra mAtha vana me vRkSa krIDA kara rahe the, itane meM vahA mahA bhI kahalAte the, jisakA bauddhAdi granthoM meM bhI ullekha pAyA bhayakara aura vizAlakAya sarpa prA nikalA aura usa vRkSa jAtA hai|" ko hI mUla se lekara skandha paryanta baiThakara sthita ho gayA zrI jinadAsa mahattA aura agastya siMha sthavira ke jisa para pApa car3he hue the| usake vikarAla rUpa ko dekha kathanAnusAra 'jJAna' kSatriyo kA eka kula yA jAti hai / ve kara dUsare rAjakumAra bhayavihvala ho gaye aura usI dazA jAta zabda se jJAtakula samutpanna siddhArtha kA artha grahaNa karate meM vakSoM para se girakara athavA kada kara apane-apane ghara hai aura jJAtapatra se mahAvIra kaa"| prAcArya haribhadra ne jJAta ko bhAga gaye, parantu prApake hRdaya me jarA bhI bhaya kA kA artha udAra kSatriya siddhArtha kiyA hai| pro0 basantakumAra saMcAra nahIM huaa| Apa bilkula nirbhayacitta hokara usa caTopAdhyAya ke anumAra, licchaviyoM kI eka zAkhA yA kAle nAga se hI krIDA karane lage aura mApane usa para vaMza kA nAma 'nAya' (nAta) thaa| 'nAya' zabda kA artha savAra hokara apane bala tathA parAkrama se use khUba hI mambhavataH jJAti hai|" 'nAyadhamma kahA' kahA gayA hai| ghamAyA-phirAyA tathA nirmada kara diyaa| usI vakta se 'dhanaMjaya-nAmamAlA' me bhI mahAvIra kA vaza 'nAtha' mAnA pApa loka me mahAvIra nAma se prasiddha he"| gayA hai aura unheM nAthAnvaya kahA gayA hai|" sambhavataH 'nAya' tIsa varSa ke kusumita yauvana me bhagavAn mahAvIra zabda kA hI 'nAtha' aura nAta apabhraza ho gayA hai| saMsAra-dehabhogo se pUrNatayA virakta ho gye| unheM apane bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vacapana kI ghaTanAmro me se prAtmotkarSa ko sAdhane aura apanA antima dhyeya prApta karane 13. mahAvagga pR0 242 / 18. (ka) dazavakAlika jinadAsa cUNi, pR0 221, 14. (ka) Ali suttanta-pR0 222 / (kha) agastya caNi / (kha) cala dukAva karabandha suttanta pR0 56 / 16. jaina bhAratI, varSa 2, a0 14-15, pR0 256 / (ga) cUla sAropama suttanta pR0 124 / 20, jayaghavalA-bhAga 1, pR0 125 / (gha) mahAsaccaka suttanta pR0 147 / 21. dhanaMjaya nAmamAlA, 115 / (Ga) abhaya rAja kumAra suttanta pR0 234 / 22. sajayasyArthasadehe saMjAte vijayasya ca / (ca) devaraha suttanta pR0 428 / janmAntarameva na manyetyAlokamAtrataH / / (cha) sAmAgAya muttanta pR0441 / tatsandehagate tAmyAM cAraNAbhyA svabhaktitaH / 15. (ka) sAmAMjaphala sUta pR0 18-21 / prastevaSasanmatirdevo bhAvIti samudAhataH / (kha) sagIti pariyAya sUtta 282 / - mahApurANa, parva 74vaaN| (ga) mahAparinirvANa sUtta pR0 145 / 23. isame se pahalI ghaTanA kA ullekha prAya: digambara (1) pAsAdika sUtta 252 / graMthoM meM aura dUsarI kA digambara tathA zvetAmbara 16. subhiya sutta, pR0 108 / donoM hI sampradAya ke grathoM meM bahulatA se pAyA jAtA 17. hai|

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tIrthakara mahAvIra kI hI nahIM, kintu saMsAra ke jIvoM ko sanmArga para lagAne ke samAna gambhIra tathA eka yojana taka phailane vAlI dimya athavA unakI saccI sevA karane kI eka vizeSa lagana dhvani ke dvArA zAsana kI parampaga calane ke lie upadeza lgii| dIna dukhiyoM kI pukAra unake hRdaya meM ghara kara diyA, prathama hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne prAcAgaga kA upadeza gaI aura isalie unhoMne, praba aura adhika samaya taka diyA, pazcAt mUtrakRtAga, sthAnAga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAgahavAsa ko ucita na samajha kara, jabaki candramA uttarA prajJapti praga, jJAtRdharma kathAga, zrAvakAdhyayanAga, antakRdda. phAlguNI nakSatra para hI vidyamAna thA, taba magasira badI zAga, anuttaropapAdika dazAga, prazna vyAkaraNAga aura dazamI ke dina jagala kA rAstA liyaa| vipAka sUtrAga ina gyAraha agoM kA upadeza diyaa| tadanantara mati, zruta, avadhi aura manaHparyaya ina cAra vihAra karate hue pApa jisa-jisa sthAna para pahacate jJAnarUpI mahAnetroM ko dhAraNa karane vAle bhagavAna ne the aura vahA~ mApake upadeza ke lie jo mahatI sabhA jar3atI bAraha varSa taka anazana prAdika bAraha prakAra kA lapa thI paura jise jaina sAhitya meM 'samavamaraNa' nAma se ullekiyaa| tatpazcAt guNasamUharUpI parigraha ko dhAraNa khita kiyA gayA hai, usakI eka khAsa vizeSatA yaha hotI karane vAle zrI varddhamAna svAmI vihAra karate hue RjukUlA thI ki umakA dvAra sabake lie khulA rahatA thA / pazupakSI nadI ke taTa para sthita jambhika gAva ke samIpa phuNce| taka bhI prAkRSTa hokara vahA pahuca jAte the, jAti-pAti, vahA baizAkha sudI dazamI ke dina do dina ke upavAsa kA chu pAchuta aura UMcanIca kA usa meM koI bheda nahI thA, saba niyama kara ve zAla vRkSa ke samIpa sthita zilAtala para manuSya eka hI manuSya jAti meM parigaNita hote the aura prAtApana yoga meM prArUr3ha hue| usI samaya jaba ki candramA ukta prakAra ke bhedabhAva ko bhUlakara Apasa me prema ke sAtha uttarAphAlguNI nakSatra meM sthita thA, taba zukla dhyAna ko rala-milakara baiThate aura dharma zravaNa karate the-mAno saba dhAraNa karane vAle vardhamAna jinendra ghAtiyA kamoM ke samUha eka hI pitA kI santAna ho| isa prAdarza se samavasaraNa ko naSTakara kevalajJAna kA prApta hue| meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI samatA aura udAratA mUrtimAna najara pAtI thI aura ve loga to usame praveza pAkara behada sarvajJa hone ke pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra chiyAsaTha dina gantuSTa hote the jo samAja ke atyAcAro se pIr3ita the, taka mauna se bihAra karate hue jagaprasiddha rAjagRha nagara jinhe kabhI dharmazravaNa kA, zAstro ke adhyayana kA, apane pAye" / vahA bhagavAn ke prAna kA vRttAnta jAna kara cAge vikAma kA aura ucca saMskRti ko prApta karane kA pravapora se Ane vAle suroM aura asuro se jagata isa prakAra bhara gayA jisa prakAra mAno jinendradeva ke guNo se hI sara hI nahIM milatA thA athavA jo usake adhikArI hI nahI samajhe jAte the| isake sivAya samavasaraNa kI bhUmi bhara gayA ho| isa prakAra, jaba bAraha koTho meM bAraha gaNa meM praveza karate hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAmIpya se jIvA jinendra bhagavAna ke cAro ora pradakSiNA rUpa se parikramA, kA baira-bhAva dUra ho jAtA thA, krUra jannu bhI saumya bhAva stuti bhora namaskAra kara vidyamAna the, taba samasta padArtho bana jAte the aura unakA jAti virodha taka miTa jAtA ko pratyakSa dekhana vAla eva rAga, dveSa aura moha ina tIno thaa| imI meM sarpa ko nakUla yA mayUra ke pAsa baiThane meM doSo kA kSaya karane vAla pApanAzaka zrI jinendra devasa koI bhaya nahIM hotA thA, cahA binA kisI sakoca ke gautama gaNadhara na tIrtha kI pravRtti karane ke lie prazna billI kA prAligana karatA thA, gau aura siha milakara kiyA" / tadanantara bhagavAn mahAvAra prabhu ne zrAvaNa mAsa eka hI mAda meM jala pIte the aura mRga zAvaka khuzI sa ke kRSNa pakSa kI pratipadA ke prAta. kAla ke samaya abhijita miha zAvaka ke sAtha khalatA thaa| yaha saba mahAvAra ke nakSatra meM samasta sazayo ko chadane vAle, dundubhi ke zabda yogabala kA mAhAtmya thaa| unake prAtmA ma hisA ko 24. harivaza purANa, 2051 / 27. harivaza purANa, 2060 / 25. jaina harivaMza purANa, 2056 / 28. harivaMza purANa, 2187-86 / 26. jaina harivaza purANa, 2157-56 /

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52, varSa 26, ki01 anekAnta pUrNa pratiSThA ho cukI thI, isalie unake sanniTa athavA zramaNa-zramaNI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA isa caturvidha tIrtha kI unakI upasthiti meM kisI kA baira sthira nahI hai / 1 sthApanA kara ve tIrthakara bne| bhagavAna ke saMgha meM caudaha thaa| hajAra zramaNa aura lanIma hajAra zramaNiyA sammilita mahAvIra kI dharmadezanA aura vijaya ke bandha meM hii|59 nandImUtra ke anusAra caudaha hajAra sAdhu prakIrNakavi samrAT DA0 ravIndranAtha Taigora ne jo do zabda vaha haiM ve isa prakAra hai : kAra the|" ina jAta hotA hai| mampUNa sAdhuoM kI "Mahavira pro-claimed in India the makhyA isase adhika / phApamutra ke anumAra, eka lAkha message of the salvation that religion is a unasaTha hajAra zrAvaka aura tIna lAkha aThAraha hajAra relating and not a mere socia! cunvention ; zrAvikAeM thii|" yaha saMkhyA bhI vratI zrAvakoM kI dRSTi that salvation comes from taking refuge in se hI rAmbhava hai| jaina dharma kA anugamana karane vAlo kI sakhyA isaro bhI adhika honI caahie| that true religion, and not from observing the mahAvIra ke prabhAvotpAdaka pravacanoM se prabhAvita hokara external ceremonies of the community ; that bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ko paramparA ke sana bhI unakI bhora religion can not regard any barrier between AkarSita he| uttarAdhyayana meM pAzrvAparaya kezI aura man and man as an external varieiy. gautama kA madhura mavAda hai| maMzaya naSTa hone para unhoMne Wondrous to relate ; this teaching rapidly overtopped the barriers of the races abiding bhagavAna ke pAca mahAvrata vAle dharma ko grahaNa kiyA / 12 instinct and conquered the whole country. vANijya grAma ma bhagavAna pAzvanAtha ke anuyAyI gAgeya For a long period now the influence of alagAra aura bhagavAna mahAkA ke vIca mahattvapUrNa praznoKshatriya teachers completely suppressed the nara hae / anta meM mavaMza samajhatAra mahAvAra ke sagha meM Brahmin power." mila gautama na nigraMndha janaka peThAla putra ko samajhAarthAta-mahAvIra ne DaMke kI coTa se bhArata ma mukti kA kara sagha meM sammilita kiyA aura sthaviro ko samajhAsA sandeza ghoSita kiyA ki dharma koI mahaja sAmAjika kara kAlasyavapi ana gAra ko bhii|5 bhagavatI sUtra se yaha rUDhi nahI balki vAstavika satya hai, vastu svabhAva hai, bhI jJAta hAtA hai ki bhagavAna kI pariSad meM anyatIthika aura mukti usa dharma me Azraya lene se hI mila sakatA hai, saMnyAmI bhI upasthita hote the| prArya skandhaka, ambau", na ki samAja ke bAhya prAcAro kA vidhi-vidhAno athavA pudgala aura ziva" prAdi parivrAjako ne bhagavAna se kriyAkANDo kA pAlana karane se, aura dharma ko prazna kiyA aura praso ke samAdhAna ma santuSTa hokara manta dRSTi me manuSya manuSya ke bIca koI bheda sthAyI nahIM raha sktaa| kahate Azcarya hotA hai ki isa zikSaNa ne baddha- bhagavAna ke tyAgamaya upadeza ko sunakara : (1) mUla huI jAti kI hadabandiyo ko zIghra hI tAr3a DAlA vIrAgaka, (2) vIra yaza, (3) sajaya, (4) ejeyaka, paura sampUrNa deza para vijaya prApta kI / isa vakta (5) meya, (6) ziva (7) udayaka, (8) zaMkha-kAzIkSatriya gurupro ke prabhAva ne bahuta samaya ke lie brAhmaNo vardhana ne zramaNa dharma agIkAra kiyA thaa|" magadhAdhIza kI sattA ko pUrI taura se dabA diyA thaa| (zeSa pR0 55 para) 26. auMpapAtika vIra varNana, 11 / 35. bhagavatI za0 1,06, sUtra 74 / 30. nandI sUtra / 36. bhagavatI za01, u01 / 37. praupapAtika TI0 sUtra 4, pR7812,165 / 31. kalpasUtra, sU0 135, pR0 43, su0 136, pR0 44 / (kha) bhagavatI za014, u08| 32 uttarAdhyayana, a023, gAthA 77 / 38. bhagavatI za02, u05| 33. bhagavatI za0 6, u0 32, sUtra 378 / 36. bhagavatI za0 u010 / 34. sUtrakRtAMga thu0 2, 07, sUtra 812 / 40. jJAtadharma kathA, pra01 / - -- - - ---- --- - - --

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khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha jaina mandira kA zilpa vaibhava [] zrI mArutinandana prasAda tivArI, prAjamagar3ha madhyapradeza ke satanA jile ke chatarapura nAmaka sthAna mAnyatA hai ki isa avasarpiNI yuga me avatarita hone vAle para sthita khajurAho madhyayugIna bhAratIya sthApatya eva sabhI 24 tIrthakaroM kI mAtAoM ne unake janma ke pUrva mUrtikalA kA eka viziSTa kendra rahA hai| apane vAstu zubha svapnoM kA darzana kiyA thaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM evaM zilpagata vaiziSTya aura sAtha hI kAmakriyA se zubha svapnoM kI saMkhyA 14 batAI gaI hai, jabaki digambara sambandhita citraNo ke kAraNa khajurAho ke mandira Aja paramparA 16 svapno ke darzana kA ullekha karatI hai / bhI vizva prasiddha hai| madhyayuga me khajurAho candela zAsako jaina samUha ke mandiroM me pAzvanAtha mandira prAcInatama kI rAjadhAnI rahI hai| candela zAsakoM ke kAla ma hindU hai| pArzvanAtha mandira apanI sthApatyagata yojanA evaM marta mandiro ke sAtha hI khajurAhA meM jaina mandiroM kA bhI alakaraNo kI dRSTi se khajurAho ke jaina mandiroM me nirmANa kiyA gayA thA / khajurAho ma samprati tIna prAcIna sarvotkRSTa eva vizAlatama hai| khajurAho kI kaI vizva aura 32 navIna jaina mandira avasthita hai| vartamAna meM prasita marA matiyAM (darpaNa devatI, kAjala lagAtI, khajurAho grAma ke samAna avasthita jaina bhandiro kA samUha premI bo patra likhatI praura para me cubhe kATe ko bAhara khajurAho kA pUrvI deva-mandira-samUha kahalAtA hai| jaina nikAlatI) bhI isI mandira para utkIrNa hai| zilpa, mandiroM meM samprati pArzvanAtha aura AdinAtha mandira hI vAstu evaM abhilerA ke AdhAra para pAzvanAtha mandira kA pUrNataH surAkSita hai| tiimr| mandira ghaNTaI mandira hai, nirmANakAla candela zAsaka ghaga ke zAsana kAla ke prArajimakA kevala ardhamaNDapa eva mahAmaNDapa hI avaziSTa hai| mbhika dino (950-670 I0 ) me svIkAra kiyA gayA uparyukta prAcIna mandiroM ke atirikta khajagaho me 15 hai| mandira me savat 1011 (954 I0 ) kA eka anya jaina mandira bhI rahe hai| isakI puSTi uparyukta na mandira bhI rahegA usakI jima abhilekha bhI utkIrNa hai| a surakSita mandiro ke pAca uttarAgo ke atirikta 15 anya pUrvamukhI pArzvanAtha mandira pradakSiNApatha se yukta garbhauttarAMgo kI prApti se hotI hai| jaina paramparA me mAnyatA gRha, antarAla, mahAmaNDapa aura arghamaNDapa se yukta hai| hai ki 650 I0 se 1050 I. ke madhya khajurAho ma 84 ma mandira ke pazcimI bhAga meM eka atirikta devakUlikA bhI mA jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thA (vividha tIrtha sayukta hai, jisameM RSabhanAtha (prathama tIrthakara) kI gyaaklp)| khajurAho kI jaina mUrtiyo kA mamUcA samUha rahavI zatI I0 ko pratimA pratiSThita hai| jJAtavya hai ki dasavI se bArahavI zatI I0 (650-1150 I0 ) ke ___vartamAna pArzvanAtha mandira mUlataH prathama tIrthakara RSabhamadhya tithyakita kiyA gayA hai| nAtha ko marpita thaa| para 1860 me garbhagRha meM sthApita ___ khajurAho ko samasta jaina zilpa sAmagrI eva sthA kAle patthara kI pArzvanAtha (23veM tIrthaMkara) kI mUrti ke kAraNa hI use pArzvanAtha mandira ke nAma se jAnA jAne patyagata avazeSa digambara sampradAya se sambandhita hai| isakA lgaa| maDapa ke lalATabiMba para RSabhanAtha kI yakSI cakrezaprAdhAra jaina tIrthakaro ( yA jino ) kI nirvastra mUrtiyo varo AmUrtita hai / sAtha hI, garbhagRha kI mUla pratimA ke aura pravezadvAra para 16 mAlika svapno ke citraNa hai| siMhAsana para RSabha kA vRSabha lAchana aura choro para jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA ko mUrtiyo ma tiirthkro| RSabha sa hI sambandhina yakSa-yakSI yugala, gaumukha-cakrezvarI kA sarvadA vastra-yukta dikhAyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM nirUpita hai|

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54, varSa 26, ki01 anekAnta mandira kI bAhya bhitti para tIna paMktiyoM meM deva karate darzAyA gayA hai| kucha rathikAmoM meM caturbhaja mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| mUrti vijJAna kI dRSTi se kevala lakSmI (3 mUrtiyA~) evaM vimukha brahmANI kI bhI mUrtiyA~ nicalI do paMktiyoM kI mUrtiyA hI mahatvapUrNa hai, kyoki nirUpita haiN| sampUrNa adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki jaina yakSI UparI pakti me kevala vidyAdhara yugala, gandharva evaM kinnara ambikA (2 mUrtiyA~) eva tIrthakara mUrtiyo ke atirikta kI uDaDIyamAna prAkRtiyAM citrita hai| madhya kI pakti meM bhitti evaM anya bhAgoM kI gabhI mUrtiyA hindU devakUla ke vibhinna deva yagaloM, lakSmI eva tIrthaMkaroM kI laoNchana (yA devatAnoM se sambandhita evaM prabhAvita rahI hai / zikhara ke lakSaNa) rahita sthAnaka eva dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM utkINita samIpa uttarI evaM dakSiNI bhAgo para kAmakriyA meM rata do hai| ullekhanIya hai ki jaina paramparA me 24 tIrthakaro kI yugalo kA akana prApta hotA hai jo pUrI taraha jaina alaga2 pahacAna ke lie svatantra lAchano kI kalpanA kI paramparA ko avamAnanA hai / aise paramparA viruddha citraNo gaI thii| sabhI tIrthako ke lakSaNo ke nirdhAraNa kA kArya kA kAraNa sambhavataH usI sthala ke hindU mandiroM para sAtavIM-pAThavIM zatI I0 me pUrA ho gayA thaa| matiyo me prApta kAmakriyA me mambandhita (lakSmaNa mandira) citraNoM tothaMkaroM ko yA to kAyotsarga me dono bhajAe nIce laTa- kA prabhAva aura jaina mandiroM ke nirmANa meM hindU zilpiyo kAe sIdhe khaDA pradarzita kiyA jAtA hai, yA phira dhyAna kA kAryarata rahA honA hogaa| ullekhanIya hai ki jaina mudrA me pAlathI mArakara paryakAsana me virAjamAna / nicalI paramparA me kimo bhI devatA ko kabhI apanI zakti ke pakti me praSTa dikpAloM (indra, agni, yama, niRti, varuNa, sAtha nahI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai, phira zakti ke sAtha vAyu, kubera, IzAn,) vevayugaloM (zakti ke sAtha prAligana aura vaha bhI mAligana kI mudrA meM citraNa kA prazna hI mudrA me) yakSI ambikA (22 ve tIrthakara neminAtha kI nahIM utthtaa| yakSI), tIrthakaro evaM caturbhuja ziva, viSNa, brahmA aura garbhagRha kI bhitti para praSTa dikpAloM, tIrthakaro, bAhuvizvaprasiddha apsarAmo kI mUrtiyA citrita hai / balI evaM caturbhuja ziva (- mUrtiyA~) utkIrNa hai| vRSabha dono paktiyoM kI tribhaMga meM khar3I svatatra evaM devayugala bAhana se yukta caturbhuja ziva kI bhujAyo meM sAmAnyataH prAkRtiyo me devatA jahA caturbhuja hai, vahI unakI zakti nAga, trizUla, kamaDala eva phala pradarzita hai| bAhya bhitti sadaiva dvibhujA hai| devatAoM kI zaktiyo kI eka bhujA kI tIrthakara mUrtiyo ke viparIta garbhagRha kI bhitti kI AliMgana kI mudrA meM pradarzita hai aura dUsarI me darpaNa yA tIrthakara mUrtiyoM lAchana, praSTaprAtihArya eva yakSa-yakSI yugala para sthita hai| spaSTa hai ki vibhinna devatAoM ke sAtha se yukta hai / garma gRha kI bhitti para kula 6 tIrthaGkara mUtiyA~ pAraMparika zaktiyo, (yathA, viSNu ke sAtha lakSmI, brahmA ke citrita hai, jinameM se kevala 4 me hI laoNchana spaSTa hai| sAtha brahmANI), ke sthAna para sAmAnya eva vyaktigata aSTaprAtihArya eva yakSa-yakSI yugala sabhI udAharaNo me viziSTatAno se rahita deviyo ko prAmUrtita kiyA gayA pradarzita hai| ullekhanIya hai ki uparyukta tIrthaGkara mUrtiyA hai / bhitti ke atirikta devayugalo kI kucha mUrtiyA~ pratimAlAkSaNika dRSTi se pUrNa vikasita tIrthaGkara mUrtiyA~ ardhamaMDapa kI chata ke samIpa eva mandira ke kucha anya hai| tIrtha kara mUrtiyo ke parikara me prAkalita aSTaprAtibhAgo para bhI utkINaM hai| devayugalo me ziva ( hArya nimna hai . .-siMhAsana, divyataru, trichatra, prabhAmaDala, mUrtiyoM), agni (1 mUti) eva kubera ke atirikta rAma- devadundubhi, surapuSpavRSTi, divyadhvani eva cAmarayugma / sItA (kapimukha hanumAna ke sAtha) aura balarAma-revatI lagabhabhaga AThavI-navI zatI meM hI pratyeka tIrthakara ke ke citraNa bhI prApta hote hai| rAmakathA se sambandhita zAsana devatA hote hai / ukta mUrtiyo meM lAMchanoM ke prAdhAra eka viziSTa dRzya mandira ke dakSiNI zikhara ke mamIpa para kevala abhinandana (cauthe tIrthakara), sumatinAtha (5veM utkIrNa hai / dRzya me klaoNtamukha sItA ko azokavATikA tIrthaMkara) yA munisuvrata (20veM tIrthakara), candraprabha (8ve meM baiThe aura hanumAna se rAma kI mudrikA evaM sandeza prApta tIrthakara) evaM mahAvIra (24veM tIrthakara) kI hI pahacAna

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khajurAho ke pArthanAya mena mandira kA zilpavaibhava sambhava hai| yakSa-yakSI yugala sabhI udAharaNoM meM dvibhuja, sAde evaM samarUpa hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki majurAho me abhI taka (645 I0) svatantra yakSa-yakSI yugalo ke lAkSaNika svarUpoM kA nirdhAraNa nahIM ho pAyA thA / tIrthakara mUrtiyoM se kahI adhika mahatvapUrNa garbhagRha kI dakSiNa bhitti para bAhubalI mUrti hai| uttara bhArata me bAhuvalI mUrti kA yaha sabhbhavataH dUsarA prAcInatama udAharaNa hai / bAhubalI nirvastra hai aura kAyotsarga mudrA me sihAsana para khar3e hai bAhubalI ke sAtha tIrthakara mUrtiyoM ke samAna hI siMhAsana, cAmaragharoM evaM uDDIya mAna gandhavoM jaise prAtihA ko bhI pradarzita kiyA gayA hailI ke sampUrNa zarIra se gAdhavI, vRzcika, chipakalI evaM sarpa lipaTe hai| donoM pAvoM meM do vidyA pariyA grAmUrtita hai jinakI bhujAoM meM bAhubalI ke zarIra se lipaTI lAvallariyoM ke chora sthita hai vo bAhubalI prathama tIrthakara RSabhanAtha ke putra hai / inhoMne rAjya kA tyAga kara jagalo me kaThina tapasyA kI thii| tapasyA ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI inheM kevala jJAna aura nirvANapada prApta huA thA / bAhubalI ke zarIra para mAdhavI, vRzcika, eva sarpa Adi kA lipaTA honA bAhubalI ke kaThora tapazcaryA kA hI sUcaka hai / 000 ( pR0 52 kA zeSAMza) samrAT zreNika ke putro ne bhI bhagavAna ke pAsa saMyama grahaNa kiyA thA aura zreNika kA sUkAlI, mahAkAlI, kRSNA Adi daza" mahArAniyo ne bhI dIkSA lI thii| dhannA" aura zIlabhadra" jaise dhana-kuvero ne bhI sayama svIkAra kiyaa| prAdrakumAra" jaise dhAryatara jAti ke yuvako ne dhaura harikezI" jaise cANDAla jAtIya mumukSuSo ne aura prarjuna mAlAkAra " jaise krUra nara-hatyAroM ne bhI dIkSA svIkAra kI thI / gaNarAjya ke pramukha ceTaka" mahAvIra ke pramukha bhAvaka the| unake cha: jAmAtA" udayana, dadhivAhana, zatAnIka, caNDaprota, nadIvardhana, beNika aura naumallavI va no 41. prantakRtta dazAMga | 42. triSTalakA parva 10 sarga 10 palo. 236-248. 43. triSaSTizalAkA, parva 10, sarga 10, zlo0 845 se 55 pAvanAtha mandira para kevala do hI jaina pakSiyoM ( ambikA eva cakrezvarI) ko pramUrtita kiyA gayA hai / ambikA (neminAtha kI yakSI) kI do mUrtiyAM prApta hotI hai, jo kramaza bAhya bhitti aura zikhara ke samIpa utkIrNa hai / siMhavAhinI ambikA ke karoM me paramparA ke anurUpa hI prAmralumbi aura bAlaka pradarzita hai / cakrezvarI ( RSabhanAtha kI yakSI) kI kevala eka hI mUrti prApta hotI hai, jo mandira ke pravezadvAra ke lalATabimba para utkIrNa hai / dazabhujA cakrezvarI kA vAhana garur3a hai aura usakI adhikatara bhujAo me vaiSNavI devI ( hindU devI) ke prAyu cakra, zava evaM gayA pradarzita hai| vAgdevI sarasvatI kI mUrtiyA~ prApta hotI hai| sarasvatI kI bhujAoM meM sAmAnyataH vINA, pustaka evaM padma pradarzita hai / maNDapa, garbhagRha evaM pazcima ke saMyukta jinAlaya ke utta rAgo para dvibhuja kI sthAnAkRtiyA~ citrita hai| navagraho dvAra zAkhAo para hindU mandiro ke sadRza hI makaravAhinI gagA aura kUrmavAhinI yamunA kI dvibhuja zrAkRtiyA~ utkIrNita hai / 133-1 / 44. sUtrakRtAMga TI0 02, 06, 10 136-1 / 45. uttarAdhyayana, pra012 / 46. prantakRta dazA / 47. mAvazyaka caNi uttarArddha pa0 164 / pravaktA, prAcIna itihAsa, zrI gAMdhI DigrI kAleja, mAlaTArI AjamagaDha (u0pra0) licchavI ye maThAraha gaNa-nareza bhI bhagavAna ke parama bhakta tha / isa prakAra kevala jJAna, kevala darzana prApta hone ke pazcAt tIsa varSa taka kAzI, kauzala, pAMcAla, kaliMga, kamboja, kuru, jAgalaM, bAhulIka, gAMdhAra, sindhu, sauvIra Adi prAntoM paribhramaNa karate hue bhUle-bhaTake jIvana ke rAhiyoM ko mArga darzana dete hue unhoMne prapanA antima varSAvAsa 'madhyamapAvA' me samrAT hastipAla kI rajjukasabhA me kiyA / " kArtika kRSNA amAvasyA kI rAtri me svAti nakSatra ke samaya bahattara varSa kI Ayu bhogakara siddha-buddha dhaura mukta hue| 49 48. triSaSTi parva 20, sarga 6, zlo0 288, 5077-2 / 46. prAvazyaka cUNi, bhAga 2, 10264 / (kha) triSaSTi, parva 10, sarga 6, zlo. 187 pa. 66-2. kalpasUtra subodhikA TIkA, sUtra 128 / pAvAe majjimAe, hatthi vAlasya raSNI, raMjanasabhAe prapacchiyaM dhatarAvAsaM vAsAvAsaM uvAgaye /

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jaina prAcAryoM dvArA saMskRta meM svatantra graMthoM kA praNayana 7 zrI muni suzIlakumAra jaina prAcAryoM meM saMskRta meM svataMtra prathoM kI racanA apanI zreNI kA viziSTa grantha hai| kA zreya prAcArya umAsvAtI ko hai| ye sambhavata. saMskRta kAvya-nirmANa kI dRSTi se pahale jaina kavi (vi. 1.2 zatI) pahale vidvAna the jinhone vividha pAgama prAcArya samantabhadra (vi02-3rI zatI) hai jinhone 'svayaMgraMthoM meM bikhare hae jaina tatvajJAna ko yoga, vaizeSika Adi mbhastotra' jaise stuti-kAvya kA sRjana kara jainoM ke madhya darzana-graMthoM ke samAna sUtrabaddha kiyA aura use tattvArthA- saMskRta kAvya-paramparA kA zrIgaNeza kiyaa| "yaha eka ghigama yA mahatpravacana ke rUpa meM mAmane rkhaa| inhoMne sarvamAnya tathya hai ki saMskRta bhASA me kAvya kA prAdurbhAva prathama yaha anubhava kiyA ki vidvatsamAja kI bhASA saMskRta stuti yA bhakti-sAhitya se hamA hai go jaina maMskRta kAvyoM banI rahI hai, isalie jaina-darzana saMskRta meM likhe jAne para kI mUla AdhAra-zilA dvAdazAMgavANI hai| 'jainanyAya' kA hI vidvAnoM kA grAhya viSaya bana skegaa| cUki ye brAhmaNa vAstavika prArambha bhI A0 samantabhadra ke granthoM (prAptakula meM utpanna hue the, isaliye saMskRta kA abhyAsa hone mImAMsA Adi) se hotA hai| prAcArya mamantabhadra ne iSTadeva ke kAraNa isa bhASA meM grantha nirmANa karanA unake liye kI stuti ke byAja se eka ora hetuvAda ke AdhAra para sahaja thaa| vAcaka umAsvAtI prAgamika vidvAna the, sarvajJa kI siddhi kI, dUmarI ora vividha ekAMtavAdoM kI mata: unakI sabhI racanAe~ bhAgama-paripATI ko liye haye samIkSA karake anekAntavAda kI pratiSThA kI unhoMne haiN| umAsvAtI kA tattvArthasUtra jahA~ jaina tattvajJAna kA jaina paramparA me sarvaprathama nyAya zabda kA prayoga karake eka mAdima saMskRta grantha hai, vahA~ jaina dharma va prAcAra kA aura nyAya zabda diyA to dUsarI ora nyAyazAstra me nirUpaNa karane vAlA unakA 'prazamaratiprakaraNa' grantha bhI syAdvAda ko gumphita kiyaa| nimnalikhita viSayoM meM nimnalikhita jaina vidvAnoM ne sarvaprathama saMskRta racanA prastuta kI :viSaya sarvaprathama racanA samaya racayitA jaina darzana tattvArthasUtra (vi0 1-2 zatI) prAcArya umAsvAtI 2. jaina nyAya prAptamImAMsA (vi0 2-3 zatI mA0 samantabhadra svayambhastotra mAdi .. (ka) bhakti kAvya (kha) paurANika (ga) carita kAvya (gha) sandeza kAvya svayambhUstotra pAcarita varAMgacarita nemidUta raviSaNa jaTAsiMha nandI vikrama (60 676) (8vIM zatI) (I. 13vIM zatI kA antima caraNa) 8vIM zatI 9vIM zatI 8vIM zatI (3) sandhAna kAvya (ca) sUkti kAvya (cha) khaNDa kAvya dvisandhAna pAramAnuzAsana pArvAbhyudaya dhanaMjaya guNabhadra jinasena

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4. kathA-sAhitya 5. vyAkaraNa 6. koza 7. alaMkAra (chanda) 8. nATaka 6. gaNita va jyotiSa jaina prAcAryo dvArA saMskRta meM svatantra pranthoM kA praNayana upamitibhavaprapaMca kathA I0 605 jainendravyAkaraNa I0 413-455 I0 780-816 12vI sa0 1648 850 I. nAmamAlA, dhanekArya nAmamAlA chandonuzAsana jJAnasUryodaya gaNitasArasaMgraha jyotiSapaTala jaina zrAcAryoM ke samAja meM saMskRta kA samAdara uparyukta prAcAryoM ne saMskRta meM gratha praNayana kara sthAyI paramparA kA sUtrapAtra kiyaa| paravartI AcAryoM ne vipula sAhitya raca kara jaina saMskRta sAhitya ke bhaNDAra ko pUrNa kiyaa| jaba bauddha darzana me nAgArjuna, basubandhu, asagata tathA bauddha nyAya ke pitA diGnAga kA udaya humrA aura dArzanika jagata me ina bauddha dArzaniko ke prabala tarka prahAro se khalabalI maca raha thI tA jaina dArzanikoM ke sAmane prativAdiyoM ke AkSepo kA khaNDana kara svadarzana kI prabhAvanA karane kA mahAn uttaradAyitva aapdd'aa| isa sthiti me bhASA kI saMkIrNatA ko sthAna denA anucita thA | anya dArzaniko kA khaNDana unhIM kI bhASA me karanA ucita samajhA gayA aura isa prakAra saMskRta ko gauravapUrNa sthAna prApta karAne meM grAge kA mArga prazasta hAtA gayA / guptakAla taka saMskRta ko pUre bhArata meM sammAnita sthAna prApta huaa| jaina mAdhu-sAdhvI namAja saMskRta bhASA meM bhI pariniSThita hone lgaa| kahate hai ki siddharmana divAkara kI mRtyu ke bAda vinI me eka vaitAnika ( cAraNa bhATa) ne siddhasena kI vahnike samakSa, jo jaina sAdhvI bhI manuSTup chanda ke do caraNa kahe sphuranti vAdikhadyotA: sAmprataM dakSiNApathe / ukta jaina sAdhvI ne turanta bhAge ke do caraNa kahakara ukta chada ko pUrA kiyA : 1. vaitAlika kA kahanA thA ki zrAjakala dakSiNApatha meM vAdI rUpa juganU idhara-udhara maNDarA rahe hai| jaina sAdhvI ne kahA ki isase yaha nizcita hotA hai ki siddhamena divAkara isa saMsAra meM nahI rahe (anyathA kisI vAdI ko svapANDitya pradarzita karane kA sAhasa nahI hotA) / 57 siddharSi pUjyapAda devanandI dhanajaya vAgbhaTa bAdindrasUrI mahAbIrAvAda namastaMgato nAdI siddhagenI divAkara jaina bhAgama kI TIkAmo me bhI isake udAharaNa milate hai jinase saMskRta ke vyavahAra-bhASA hone kA pramANa puSTa hotA hai| mipi (prathama saMskRta kathAkAra) ke samaya (20 105) taka saskRta netA prApta kara ko bhI ki prAkRta bhASA ko bhUlakara loga saMskRta vanAyoM meM apekSAkRta adhika grAnanda anubhava karate the / kathAkahAniyAMjA abataka prAkRta janabhASAoM meM racI jA rahI thI, saMskRta meM bhI sthAna prApta kara skii| siddhapi spaSTa pitA hai saMskRtA prAkRtA ceti bhASe prAdhAnyamarhanaH / tApi saskRta tAvad dumpidi sthitA // bAlAnAmapi madbodhakAriNI karNapejalA | tathApi prAkRtA bhASA na tapAvipate // upAye sati kartavyavim / stanarodhena saMskRte'ya karivyate // - upamitibhavaprapacakathA 1 / 5152 kintu nimna koTi ke loga tathA striyA urAmaya saMskRtabhASA na bolakara prAkRta bhASA kA hI vyavahAra karate jaisA ki AcArya ne svayaM pAvyAnumaganakArikA' kI TIkA meM kahA hai. - bAlastrI malamUrkhAmA nRNA cAritrakAkSiNAm / padArtha prAkRta 4. / / 2 haribhadrasUri kI Avazyaka TIkA se eka kathA hai, jisake anusAra eka dAnoM ke da ke pAsa (eDiyA meM samAna rakhane ke bar3hane eka saMskRta padya i kAle prasuptasya janArdanam medArI | mithyA na bhASAmi vizAlanetre ne pratyaya ne pramAdAreSu /

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58, varSa 26, ki0 anekAnta saMskRta racanA kI hor3a ne 13vI zatI taka kaTina se prakRterAgataM prAkRtam / prakRtiH saMskRtam / kaThina bandhanoM ko bhI tor3a ddaalaa| jaina muniyo ke lie -nika (dazarUpakavRtti) nATaka mAdi vinodoM meM bhAga lenA vajita samajhA gayA hai / prAkRtazabdAnuzAsana ke racayitA mahAvaiyAkaraNa prAcArya phira nATaka prAdi kI racanA kA prazna kaise uTha sakatA thA? hemacandra ne bhI 'atha prAkRtam' (8 / 111) sUtra kI vyAkhyA kintu eka samaya bhAyA ki jaina prAcAryoM ne saskRta meM karate hue likhA hai-"prakRti: maskRtam / tatra bhava tataH nATaka likhane prArambha kara diye| mAgataM vA prAkRtam" saMskRta ke prati prema kI bhAvanA ne saskRta racanA kI daNDI ne bhI 'kAvyAdarza' meM isI prakAra ke bhAva paramparA ko nirantara kAyama rkhaa| kahA jAtA hai ki vyakta kiye hai saMskRtaM nAma devI vAganvAkhyAtA mahaSibhiH / eka bAra samrATa akabara kI vidvatsabhA me jaino ke samastasuttassa praNanto pratyo' (=samasta prAgamamUtro ke ananta tadbhavastatsamo dezotyanekaH prAkRtaH kramaH // (136) partha hai) vAkya kA kisI ne upahAsa kiyaa| yaha bAta vAgbhaTa ne vAgbhaTAlaMkAra (2 / 2) me likhA haimahAmahopAdhyAya samayasundara jI ko burI lagI aura saMskRtaM svAgaNAM bhASA zabda zAstreSu nizcitA / unhoMne rAjA ko 'rAjAno dadate maukhyam' isa 8 akSarI prAkRtaM tajjAtattalyadezyAvikamanekadhA / vAkya ke 10 lAkha 22 hajAra cAra sau sAta prathaM kara isI taraha, paDa bhASAcandrikA me bhI vicAra prakaTa kiyA gayA hai : - dikhAye / samayasundara kI yaha kRti 'paSTalakSI' nAma se saskRta sAhitya kI zobhAvRddhi kara rahI hai aura abhI vaha prakRteH saskRtAyAstu vikRtiH prAkRtA mtaa| aprakAzita hai| tadbhavA saMskRtabhavA siddhA sAdhyeti sA vidhaa| jaba caNDa apanA prAkRtasarvasva aura hemacandra apanA saMskRta prAkRta kI svAminI banI !! prAkRtazabdAnuzAsana likha rahe the, maskRta uma mamaya eka bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se dekhA jAya to chAndasa bhASA samRddha bhApA thii| paThana-pAThana kI bhASA bhI yahI thii| paThana-pAThana kI bhASA ke atarikta ziSTa samAja ke paura usakI bolI (yadi koI thI) ke vikasita rUpa kA vyavahAra kI bhASA ke rUpa meM saMskRta deza meM chA gaI thii| hI pariNAma 'prAkRta' hai| kintu saMskRta ke dezavyApI prAkRta vaiyAkaraNa saMskRta ke gahana adhyayana ke pazcAta hI prabhAva kI cakAcaudha me prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke racayitAmo paura tatkAlIna vidvAno ne yaha kahanA prArambha kara dezI bhApAtroM kI ora unmukha hue hoMge aura paskRta ke middha zabdoM ke sAtha hI dezI bhASA meM prApta zabdo kI diyA ki 'prAkRta kI jananI saMskRta hai'| saMgati baiThAne meM apane kartavya kI itizrI samajhate hoNge| prakRtiH saMskRtam / tatra bhavaM prAkRtamacyate prAkRta vyAkaraNa kI zailI bhI saskRta vyAkaraNo ke anu-mArkaNDeya rUpa hai| saMskRta vyAkaraNa kI taraha se lopa, pAgama, prAkRtasya sarvameva saMskRtam yoniH| prAdeza prAdi kA vidhAna prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM kiyA gayA - bAsudeva (kapUramaJjarI TIkA) hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke nirmAtAoM me prAtaH saskRtam / tatra bhavatvAt prAkRta smRtm| saMskRta ko mUla bhASA mAna kara prAkRta ko usase paidA hone -prAkRtacandrikA vAlI kaha dene kI pravRtti kA sUtrapAta praa| ibhyaputra kA sandeza thA- 'kAmemi te' (arthAt tujhe neha loke sukhaM kiMcicchAditasyAMhasA bhRzam / maiM cAhatA huuN)| mitaM ca jIvitaM nRNA tena dharme matiM kuru / / rAnI ne bhI uttara meM eka padya likhA, jo nimna rAno ke sandeza kA rUpa thA-"necchAmi te" prakAra hai : (arthAt maiM tujhe nahIM caahtii)|

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jana prAcAryoM dvArA saMskRta meM svatantra pranyoM kA praNayana 59 jaina prAcAryoM kI ullekhanIya saMskRta racanAe~ zAnsisari (11vIM zatI) kRta (siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra kI prathama kArikA para) saTIka padyabandhavArtika ; saMskRta racanAmoM kI sudIrgha paramparA jinezvara sari (1052 I0 lagabhaga) kRta (siddhasena ke jaina darzana, jaina nyAya va sAmAnya darzana viSaya meM nyAyAvatAra kI pahalI kArikA para) padyabasya prabhAlakSaNa, prAcArya umAsvAti (vi. 2rI zatI) kRta tattvArthasUtra, pradyumna sUri ke ziSya abhayadevasUri (1063 I. lagabhaga) prAcArya samantabhadra (vi0 2-3rI zatI) kRta prAptamImAsA, kRta (sanmatitarka para) bRhatkAya TIkA; muni candramUri yukatyanuzAsana aura svayambhUstotra; mallavAdI (I0 350. ke ziSya bAvivevasari (12vI zatI) kRta pramANanayatattvA430) kRta (dvAdazAra) nayacakra ; pUjyapAda devanandI lokAlaMkAra aura isI grantha para syAdvAdaratnAkara nAmaka (vi0 5.6 zatI)kRta sarvArthasiddhi (tattvArthamUtra para TIkA), vistRta vyAkhyA ; prAcArya hemacandra (I. 1086-1172) siddhasena (vi0 6.6 zatI) kRta sanmatitarka, nyAyAvatAra kRta pramANamImAsA, anyayogavyavacchedikA, vIracandrasari aura kucha battIsiyoM, prAcArya haribhavasUri (705 ke ziSya devabhadrasUri (1140 I0 lagabhaga) kRta (siddha775 I.) kRta paDdarzanasamuccaya tathA zAstravArtAsamuccaya sena ke nyAyAvatAra para) TippaNa, vAvirAjasari (vi. tathA siddhasena kRta nyAyAvatAra para vRtti ; prakalaka 12vI zatI kA uttarArddha) kRta pramANanirNaya, (prakalaka (720-780 I.) dvArA racita nyAyavinizcaya lapI ke nyAyavinizcaya para) vivaraNa, ratnaprabhasari (1181 yastraya, siddhivinizcaya, pramANa magraha, (tattvArthamUtra para) I0 lagabhaga) kRta syAdvAdaratnAkarAvatArikA; vAyaDa. tattvArtha gajavArtika, (samantabhadra ko prAptamomAsA para) gacchIya jIvadevasUri ke ziSya jinadattasUri (vi0 1265) aSTazatI ; prAcArya vidyAnanda (I0 775-840) kRta kRta vivekavilAsa ; prAcArya malliSeNa (1282 I. pramANaparIkSA, satyazAsanaparIkSA, prAptaparIkSA (sarvArtha lagabhaga) kRta (hemacandra ko pranyayogavyavacchedikA, para) siddhi ke prathama zloka ke bhASya ke rUpa me), (tattvArtha syAdvAdamaJjarI, merutuga (1362 I0 lagabhaga) kRta sUtra para) tatvArthazlokavAtika, samantabhadra ke yuktyanu- paDadarzananirNaya (aprakAzita); jayasiMha sUri (15 vIM zAsana para TIkA, prAptaparIkSA para svopajJa TIkA, siddhasena zatI) kRta nyAyasAradIpikA, prAcArya guNaratna / I0 gaNi (8vI zatI) kRta tatvArthamUtra para TIkA, siddhaSi 1343-1418) kRta (SaDdarzanasamuccaya para) TIkA; gaNi (I. 605 lagabhaga) kRta (siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra somatilakasari (vi. 1355.1424) kRta (SaDadarzana para) TIkA, mANikyanandI (10.11 zatI I0) vRta mamaccaya para) vivRti ; zubhavijaya (17vI zatI) parIkSAmukha, prabhAcandra (680-1865I.) kRta (mANikya- kR1 syAdvAdamAlA ; vinayavijaya (1652 I.) kRta nandI ke parIkSAmukha para) pramayakamala mArtaNDa, (akalaka nayakaNikA; yazovijaya (18vI zatI) kRta jaina taka ke laghIyastraya para) nyAyakumacandra , anantavIrya' bhASA, anekAntavyavasthA, nayapradIpa, jJAna vindu, nyAya khaNDa(vi0 11vI zatI) kRta (mANikyanandI ke parIkSAmana khAdya, nyAyAloka prAdi maulika va vyAkhyAtmaka grantha para) prameyaratnamAlA, (akalaka ke siddhivinizcaya para) saskRta sAhitya kI ullekhanIya racanAe~ hai| vizAla TIkA, akalaka ke hI pramANasaMgraha para bhASya, jaina dharma prAcAra va naitika upadezaparNa sAhitya kI 1. paM0 jugalakizora jI mastAra ke mana me vi0 6ThI meM unakA mata 6 yA 7vI ke sambandha meM dala hamA zatI ke madhya 3 siddhasena hue hai| prathama siddhasena (vi0 6-7 zatI) ne sanmatitakaM, dUgare (vi0 2. pro. udayacandra jana ke mata meM 2 anantavIrya hue| 7-8 zatI) ne nyAyAvatAra aura antima giddha mena ne prathama ne middhivinizcaya likhA, dUsare (laghu anantakucha battIsiyoM likhii| pa0 sukhalAla ke mana meM vIrya) ne prameya ratna mAlA kI racanA kii| siddhasena divAkara kA samaya vi0 5vI zatI hai| bAda - --..---

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60, varSa 26, ki0 1 anekAnta paramparA me prAcArya umAsvAti kA prazamaratiprakaraNa yogasambandhI nirUpaNa hai| saMskRta kA prathama grantha hai jisameM jaina tattvajJAna, karma middhAnta prAkRta grantha kArtikeyAnuprekSA para bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ne paura sAdhuoM va gRhastho ke prAcAra kA sarala va sundara saMskRta TIyA (I. 1556) kI racanA kI hai| zailI meM varNana hai| haribhadrasari ne isa para TIkA likhI jaina prAcAryoM va vidvAno dvArA bhaktikAvya kI paramparA hai| amRtacandrasUri (I0 668 ke AsapAsa ) kRta puruSArtha- me aneka racanAe~ racI gaI, jiname prAcArya mamantabhadra kA siddhayupAya, vIranandI (I0 1115 ke lagabhaga) kRta svayambhUmtotra, prAcArya siddhamena kRta battosiyAM, vidyAnandI pAcArasAra, somaprabhasUri (12-13 zatI) kRta sindUra- pAtrakezarI (I0 5-6) kRta bahatvAcanamaskAra stotra, prakara, zRMgAravairAgyataragiNI kA viziSTa sthAna hai| mAnatuMgAcArya (vi0 7vI) kana bhaktAmarastotra, bhaTTa isI taraha ratnakaraNDathAvakAcAra (samantabhadra yA akalaMka kRta prakalakastotra; bappiTTi (I0 743.838) yogIndra kRta), amitagati (I. 1000 ke lagabhaga) kata caturvizati jinastotra, dhanaMjaya (vi08-6vIzatI) kRta kRta zrAvakAcAra, prAzAdhara kRta sAgAradharmAmRta evaM viSApahArastotra; guNabhadra (vI zatI) kRta prAtmAnupradhyAtmarahasya (I0 1236); guNa bhUSaNa (14-15 zAsana; hemacandra (12vI zatI) kana vItarAgastotra; zatI) kRta zrAvakAcAra, 17vI zatI me akabara ke rAjya- zubhacandra prathama (12vI zatI) kRta jJAnArNava; amitagati kAla meM rAjamalla dvArA racita lATIsaMhitA kA sthAna (vi0 1050) kRta subhASitaratnamandoha; ahaMdAsa bhI kama mahatvapUrNa nahIM kahA ja sakatA / (13vI zatI) kata bhavyajanakaNThAbharaNa; somaprabha racita Temacanda (12vI zatI) kRta yogazAstra meM bhI mani maktimAvali. GETREE AMETHER farazfs va zrAvaka ke dharmoM kA tathA yoga sambandhI viSayoM kA racita holAnAlA mora zivA racita praznottararatnamAlA aura divAkara muni (15vI zatI) ni nirUpaNa hai| racita zRgAra vairAgyataragiNI viziSTa sthAna rakhate hai| saMrakRta meM prAcAra sambandhI aura prasagavaza yoga kA paurANika kAvyoM meM raviSeNa (I0 676) kRta padyabhI varNana karane vAlA grantha jJAnArNava bhI eka viziSTa purANa, jinasena ( I0783) kRta harivaMzapurANa, sakalakoti grantha hai jisake racayitA thI zubhacandra (12vI zatI) (vi0 1450-1510) kA harivaNapurANa, zubhacandra (1551 I.) kRta pANDavArANa, malavArI devaprabha dhyAna va yoga sambandhI saMskRta granthoM kI racanA bhI sUrikRta pANDava caritra, jinasena tathA unake jaina prAcAryA ne kii| pUjyapAda kRta yogaviSayaka do ziSya gaNabhadra (8-6vI zatI) kRta mahAparANa (pAdi saMskRta racanAe~ hai - iSTopadeza, samAdhizataka / prAcArya purANa uttara pUgaNa), hemacandra kRta triSaSTizalAkApaSa haribhadra ne yogabindusamuccaya me jaina yoga kA vistAra se caritra, paDita prAzAvara (1346-1414 I0) kRta varNana kiyA hai| haribhadra ne jaina paramparA ke yogasambandhI mahApa rANacarita vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| vicAro ko kucha naye rUpa meM prastuta to kiyA hI hai, sAtha caritakAvyo ko paramparA meM jaTAsiMha nando (7-8 hI vaidika va bauddha paramparAsammata yogadhArAo se usakA I.) ne varAGgacarita, vIranandI (I0 10vI zatI) mela baiThAyA hai| yogadRSTisamuccaya para svaya haribhadra kRta ne candraprabhacaritam, prasaga (10vI zatI) ne zAntinAthatathA yazovijayagaNi kRta TIkA prApta hai| yazovijaya jI carita, vAdirAja (10vI zatI) ne pArzvanAthacarita, ne yogasambandhI cAra dvAtrizikAra bhI likhI hai| guNabhadra mahAsena (11vI zatI) ne pradayumnacarita, hemacandra kRta prAtmAnuzAsana (havIzatI), amitagati kRta subhASita- (12vI zatI) ne kumArapAlacarita, guNabhadra dvitIya ratnasadoha (10.11vI zatI) tathA inhI kI dUsarI racanA (12vIM zatI) ne dhanya kumAracarita, dharma kumAra(13vI zatI) yogasAra hai jiname naitika va prAdhyAtmika upadeza bhI hai| ne gAlibhadra carita, jinapAla upAdhyAya ne santakumAracarita, prA. hemacandra (12vI zatI) kRta yogazAstra me bhI (aprakAzita), maladhArI devaprabha ne pANDavaparita va mRgA.

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jaina prAcAryoM dvArA saMskRta meM svatantra granthoM kA praNayana vatI carita, mANikyanandI sUri ne pArzvanAthacarit eka karake isa kAvya ke pratyeka padya me samAviSTa kara sarvAnanda prathama ne candraprabhacarita va pArzvanAthacarita, vinaya liyA gayA hai| meghadata ke antima caraNoM ko lekara candra ne mallinAthacarita, pArzvanAthacarita va munisuvrata- samasyApUrti kI jAne ke to udAharaNa prApta hote hai kintu carita, malaghArI hemacandra ne neminAtha carita, candra tilaka sAre meghadUta ko veSTita karane vAlA yaha eka prathama va (vi0 1312) ne abhaya kumAracarita, bhAvadeva sUri ne advitIya kAvya hai| pAzrvanAtha carita, jinaprabhasUri (vi0 1356) ne zreNika- kathAsAhitya ke antargata siddhapi kuna upamitibhavacarita jaise uttama grantho kI racanA kara saskRta-mAhitya prapacakathA, dhanapAla kata tilakama jarI, hemacandra kata kI zrIvRddhi kii| triSaSTi zalAkApurupa carita, hariSeNa kRta vRhatkathAkoSa ko isake atarikta, haricandra kA dharma zarmAbhyudaya, vAgbhaTa viziSTa sthAna prApta hai| (12vIM zatI) kA nemi nirvANa mahAkAvya tathA jana prAcAryoM dvArA likhe gaye marakata nATakoM kI prahaMdadAsa (13vI zatI) ke munisuvratamahAkAvya kA paramparA me 13vI zatI ke rAmacandra sUri kRta nirbhaya praNayana isa sandarbha meM ullekhanIya hai| bhImavyA yoga, nalavilAma, kaumudImitrAnanda, hastimalla sandeza kAvyoM meM vikrama (I013vI zatI kA antima kata vikrAntakaurava, subhadrA, maithilIkalyANa, ajanApavanacaraNa) kA nemidata, merutuMga (14-15vI zatI I0) kA jaya, gamabhadra kRta prabaddharohiNeya, yaza pAla kuna moharAjajaina-meghadata, caritra sundara gaNi (15vI zatI) kA / parAjaya, jaryAsaha sUri kRta hammIramardana, yazazcandra kRta zIladUta, vAdicandra mUri (17vI zatI) kA pavanadUna, mudritakumudacandra, ratnazekharamari kRta prabodhacandrodaya, vinayavijaya gaNi (18vI zatI) kA indradUta, meghavijaya meghaprabhAcArya kRta dharmArapudaya, nAgadeva (16vI zatI) (18vI zatI) kA meghadUtasamasyAlekha, vimalakIti gaNi kana madanaparAjaya, vAdicandra sUri (17vI zatI) kata kA candradata ullekhanIya racanAeM hai| ina sandeza kAvyo jJAna sUryodaya kRtiyoM kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| meM zAntarasa ko amRtadhArA pravAhita hotI hai aura pAThako saskRta alakAra va chanda.zAstrasambandhI kRtiyoM meM ko zAzvata prAnanda pradAna karane kI kSamanA nihita hai| vAgbhaTa (12vI zatI) kata vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, hemacandra jaina kAvya jagat me anekArthaka (sandhAna) kAvyo kA (11vI zatI) kRta kAvyAnuzAsana, parisiMha (13vI praveza I0 5.6ThI zatI se huA / vasudeva hiNDo kI cattAri zatI) kRta kAvyakalpalatA, narendra prabhasUri (vi0 1282) agAthA ke 14 artha taka kiye gaye hai| 8vI zatI me mahA- kRta alaMkAramahodadhi, hemacandra ke ziSyadvaya rAmacandra va kavi dhanaMjaya kA dvisandhAna-mahAkAvya sarvaprathama sandhAna guNacandra kRta nATyadarpaNa, ajitasena (14vIM zatI) kana mahAkAvya hai / 11vI zatI ke zAntirAja kavi dvArA paca- alakAra-cintAmaNi, tathA abhinava vAgbhaTa (14vI zatI) sandhAna mahAkAvya racA gayA, jo abhI amudrita hai| kRta kAvyAnuzAsana kA sthAna sarvopari hai| prA0 bhAvadeva meghavijaya upAdhyAya (18vIM zatI) kA saptasanvAna sUri (vi0 15vI zatI) kA kAvyAlakAgmAra nAmaka grantha mahAkAvya tathA harivattamari (18vI zatI) kA rAghavana- bhI atyanta sarala va sarasa hai| paghIya bhI utkRSTa grantha haiN| kaI anekArthaka stotra bhI kAvyaprakAza para mANikyacandra kI saMketA nAmaka TIkA race gaye / kavi jagannAtha (vi0 1666) kata caturvizati. aura kAvyAlakAra para nemi sAdhu kRta TIkA tathA kAvyasandhAna kAvya bhI ullekhanIya hai| kalpalatA para zrI amara muni kI TIkA bhI viziSTa kRtiyoM pAzrvAbhyudaya nAmaka khaNDa kAga bhI saskRta sAhitya me mAnI jAtI hai| meM advitIya hai| isakI racanA jinasena svAmI ne kI thii| mahAkavi dhanaMjaya (I0 813 se pUrva) kRta nAmaisakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki mahAkavi kAlidAma ke mAlA, anekArthanAmamAlA va anakArtha nighaNTu, hemacandra kRta meghadata ke jitane bhI padya ha una samI ke caraNoM ko eka- abhidhAnacintAmaNi va anekArthasaMgraha nAmakoza va nighaNTu

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62, varSa 26, ki01 anekAnta koza zrIdharasena (13-14 I.) kRta vizvalocanakoza jyotiSapaTala, zrIdhara' (dasavI zatI kA prantima bhAga) (muktAvalikoza), jinadatasUri ke ziSya pramaracandra kRta kRta gaNitasAra ba jyotinividhi, prajJAtakartRka candroekAkSaranAmamAlA nAmaka grantha koza-sAhitya kI racanA mIlana, jinasenasUri ke putra malliSeNa (I0 1043) kRta paramparA me viziSTa sthAna rakhate hai| pAyasadbhAva, udayaprabhadeva (I0 1220) kRta pArambhavyAkaraNa sAhitya kI racanA karane vAla jaina prAcAryoM siddhi (yA vyavahAracaryA), padmaprabhasUri (vi0 1294) va vidvAnI meM janendra vyAkaraNa ke racayitA prA. devanandI kRta bhuvanadIpaka, mahendrasUri (zaka sa0 1262) kRta pUjyapAva (I0 413-455), jainendra vyAkaraNa ke pari- yantrarAja, hemaprabha (14vI zatI kA prathama caraNa) kRta badhita saskaraNa ke rUpa me racita zabdArNava ke racayitA trailokya prakAza nAmaka grantha anupama mahatva ke hai guNanandI (10vI zatI), zabdArNavacandrikA ke racayitA bhadrabAhu ke vacanoM ke AdhAra para nirmita bhadrabAhasomadeva (zaka sa0 1127) janendravyAkaraNa ko mahAvRtti saMhitA (6-6 zatI ke madhya) bhI jana jyotiSamAhitya kI ke racayitA abhayanandI (I0 750), zAkaTAyanavyAkaraNa viziSTa kRti hai| tathA amoghavRtti ke racayitA prAcArya palyakoti (zaka deza va videzoM ke vibhinna granthAgAro aura viziSTa saM 736-786), kriyAratnasamuccaya ke kartA zrIgaNaratna vyaktiyo ke svAmitva me vidyamAna samasta grantho aura (I. 1343-1418), hemazabdAnuzAsana ke racayitA prAcIna hastalikhita paNDulipiyo kI gaNanA kI jAya to zrI hemacandra (12vI zanI), tathA kAtarUpamAlA ke jaina prAcAryo va vidvAno dvArA racita saskRta kRtiyo kI racayitA zrI bhAvacandra paivedya (14vIM zatI) ke nAma saMkhyA eka lAkha ke pAsa-pAsa pahuca jAtI hai| bhArata ullekhanIya hai| sarakAra ko cAhie ki vaha aise aprakAzita granthoM ke gaNita va jyotiSa zAstra para aneka jaina prAcAryoM va prakAzana meM sahayoga de aura sAtha hI una samasta granthoM vidvAno ne apano lekhanI uThAI aura saMskRta sAhitya ko kI sUciyA (Catalogues) prakAzita karAve tAki sabhI anupama dena dii| ___taka prakAza me na pAI kRtiyo kA paricaya vizva ke mahAvIrAcArya (I0 850) kRta gaNitasAra magraha va anusadhitsumo evaM vidvAno ko prApta ho gke| 000 vedoM meM ariSTanemi bhArata ke prAcInatama sAhitya Rgveda meM bhI bhagavAna ariSTanemi kI carcA milatI hai| ve bhI vaidika yuga ke mahApuruSa the| yajarvada meM RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi-ina tIno tIrthaGkaroM ke nAma milate haiN| yathA svAstina indro vRddhazravAH, svasti na pUSA vishvevaa| svasti na stAkSayoM ariSTanemiH, svasti no bahaspatirdadhAtu // -Rgveda 1/6/86/6, sAmaveda 6/3 Rgveda meM eka anya sthala para ariSTanemi ko dharmadharINa kahA hai taM vAM ratha vayamadyA havema stau maira zivanA suvitAya navyam / ariSTanemi paradhAmiyAnaM vidyAmeSaM vajanaM jIradAnum // - Rgveda, dvi aSTaka, 2/4/181410 1. DA0 datta tathA siMha ke mata se zrIdhara kA samaya vidvAna aise bhI hai jo mahAvIrAcArya ke bAda zrIdhara 750 I. ke lagabhaga hai| dIkSita kA kahanA hai ki kA honA mAnate hai| (draSTavya bhAratIya jyotiSa kA zrIdhara mahAvIrAcArya ke pahane hue hai / mahAvIrAcArya itihAsa-DA. gorakhaprasAda, pR0 182-193) kA samaya dIkSita jI 650 I. mAnate hai| kucha

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jaina saMskRti kI samRddha paramparA IsA se chaha sau varSa pUrva kA samaya aneka vaicArika kAntiyoM se bharA thaa| sAmAjika evaM dhArmika samasyAye prabuddha varga ko aneka prakAra se vicAra karane ke lie pravRta kara rahI thiiN| yUropa meM isake sUtradhAra the pA gorasa, eziyA meM kanphyUzisa eva lAgrosa jaise mahApuruSa / taba bhArata meM isakA netRtva kiyA bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ne / aneka vicAradhArAeM I bhArata me usa samaya tIna prabala vicAra dhArAye kArya kara rahI thI / devatAvAda, bhautika samRddhivAda eva prAdhyAtmika vItarAgatAvAda / pahalI dhArA vaidika RSiyo kI usa Azcarya bharI dRSTi kI upaja thI jo unha bAdala, varSA, bijalI Adi meM divya zakti kA anubhava karA rahI thI dUsarI dhArA vyAvahArika logo kI thI jo cakravartitva ke sukhasvapna sajotI thI evaM tIsarI grAtmajJAniyoM kI thI jo samArako duHkhapUrNa samajha kara mokSa ke lie icchuka thI / kAla doSa ke kAraNa ina tIno hI dhArAoM me patha bhraSTatA A gaI thI / mAsa, madirA, maithuna zrAdi phalanephUlane lage the| strI tathA nimna varga dhamyAya ke vizeSa zikAra the| pahalI kevala bhoga kI vastu thI, dUsarA pazu se nIcA samajhA jAkara sparza ke yogya bhI nahI rahA thA / jabaki eka varga pRthvI kA devatA mAnA jAne lagA thA / rUdivAdI dhora sudhAraka donoM hI apanI-apanI jIta ke lie saMgharSarata the / sAdhAraNa manuSya kI ciMtA kama logoM ko hI thii| usa samaya eka tarapha vaidika dharma kI rakSA ke lie bhAskarAcArya zaunaka evaM pAzvalAyana jaise vidvAna the to dUsarI ora nAstikatAvAda yA 'jar3avAda' ke prabala samarthaka bRhaspati evaM prajitakeza kambalI prAdi zrAcArya sAmane bhA rahe the / nyAya darzana ke janmadAtA gautama RSi tathA sAMkhya darzana ke pravartaka mazakarI Adi bhI jIvana va jagat gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne ke lie prayatnazIla the| tabhI bhagavAn mahAvIra dhAye jinhone pracalita sabhI vicAroM kA maMcana karake samanvaya evaM saMzodhana kA mArga " [ zrI jayantI prasAda jana, mujaphphara nagara pakar3A, parantu prAtma-sudhAra ke saath| yaha vicAradhArA taba bhI grAhata, jina, yati, vAtarazanA, vrAtya tathA zramaNa saMskRti ke nAma se jAnI jA rahI thii| magadha tathA videha kI janatA ne isa samanvayI vicAra dhArA ko Arya dharma yA jaina dharma ke rUpa me svIkara kiyA tathA isakA prasAra kiyA / svadeza meM jaina dharma kA vistAra : bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya me vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka, pradU (uDImA ) ke kuNika, kaliMga (dakSiNa ur3IsA) ke jitazatru vatma (bundelakhaNDa) ke zatAdhIka siMdhu sauvIra ke udayana, magadha (bihAra) ke bisAra tathA mAgada (maMgUra ) ke nAma rAjA jIvandhara ke ullekhanIya hai / prasiddha itihAsakAra evaM purAtatvajJa svargIya gaurI zakara hondra sobhA ke anusAra aitihAsika yuga me sabase pahale bhagavAn mahAvIra kI smRti meM samvat pracalita huA [prAcIna lipimAlA, pRSTha 2-3 ] | videha ke nicchavi aura mana ke nAga, nanda ra maurya rAjavaMza, madhya bhArata ke kAzI, kauzala vatsa, zravantI tathA mathurA ke zAsaka, kaliga ke sArakhI rAmrAT, rAjapUtAne ke rAjapUta, uttara me gAndhAra, takSazilA Adi, dakSiNa meM pAya, cera, cola, pallava, hoyasala zrAdi tamila loga jaina dharma ke parama bhakta the| bhArata ke sidhu paMjAba mAlavA ke nivAsI iNDozothiyana (zaka) prAdi jaina dharma se kAphI prabhAvita the |rA0bI0sI0 vA hisTo rikala glInima, pRSTha 78) bhArata ke prasiddha rAjA manendra ( Menendra) apane antima jIvana me jaina dharma meM dIkSita ho gaye the [ 'vIra' varSa 2, pRSTha 4-6 ) / mathurA ke purAtatva se vidita hotA hai ki kaniSka, duviSka aura vAsudeva nAmaka zaka rAjAoM ke rAjyakAla ke jaina dharma kI mAnyatA bahuta phailI huI thii| madhyakAla ke rAjapUtAne ke rAThaura, paramAra, cauhAna, gujarAta evaM dakSiNa ke gaga, kadamba, rASTrakUTa, cAlukya, kalacuri aura hoyasala rAja vaMzoM kA yaha rAjadharma rahA / gupta, prAMdhra ghora vijayanagara sAmrAjya kAla me bhI isa para zAsakoM kI kRpA-dRSTi rahI / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina dharma madhyakAla meM zravaNabelagola (maMsUra) aura kArakala

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64 varSa 26, ki0 1 kI vizAlakAya gommaTezvara kI mUrtiyo, bAbU ke mandiroM cIna ke kIrtistambha tathA prAcArya samantabhadra siddha sena, pUjyavAda, kalaMka deva, vidyAnanda, yoga, jinase somadeva, mANikyanandi, prabhAcandra, hemacandra, haribhadra sUri evaM prAcArya nemicandra racita sAhitya evaM darzana ke amUlya grantha ratnoM ko janma de sakA / videzoM meM jaina dharma kA prasAra 'mahAvaMza' nAmaka bauddha grantha [pro0 vhUlara, iNDiyana sekTa grApha dI jaMnsa, pRSTha 27] se prakaTa hai ki 437 I0 pUrva meM siMhaladvIpa ke rAjA ne apanI rAjadhAnI aniruddhapura meM jaina mandira aura jaina maTha banavAye the / ve cAra sau varSa ke lagabhaga rahe / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya se IsA kI pahalI sadI taka madhya eziyA aphagAnistAna, IrAna, irAka, philistIna, sIriyA Adi ke sAtha sAthamadhya gAgara ke nikaTavartI yUnAna mizra, ithopiyA aura ebIgIniyA Adi dezo me jaina sAdhu deva samparka karate rhe| yUnAnI lekhakoM ke kathanAnusAra pAgorasa pairaho. DAyajinesa jaise yUnAnI tasyavettA na bhArata jhAkara jaina sAdhumoM se zikSA-dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| maurya samrAT azoka ke pote samrAT samprati ne aneka jaina sAdhuyoM ko anArya dezoM meM jaina dharma ke pracArArtha bhejA thaa| jaise sikandara ke sAtha kalyANa sAdhu gaye the / dekhiye (i) hisTorikala blogsa DA0 mitAcaraNa thaa| (ii) 'vizva vANI', apraila san 1942, pRSTha 464 / (iii) 'ehiyATika risaceMja' vAlyUma 3-6, sara viliyama jonsa | (iv) 'ensIyanTa iNDiyA' mevesthanIja / (v) 'digamvaratva aura digambara muni', sva0 DA0 kAmatAprasAda jaina / jaina dharma aura IsAI dharma IsAI dharma zramaNa saMskRti kA hI yahUdI saskaraNa mAnA jAtA hai| itihAsa betAboM ke anusAra, mahAtmA IsA kumAra kAla me bhArata prAye the| bahuta dino taka vahA~ rahakara jaMga zramaNa aura bauddha bhikSuoM kI saMgati kA lAbha lekara nepAla va himAlaya kemArga se IrAna cale gaye the yahAM / se svadeza pahuMca kara unhoMne "dhAramA paramAtmA kI ekatA" aura "mara divya jIvana" kA upadeza diyaa| yaha upadeza yahUdI saMskRti se sambaMdhita na hokara bhArata kI dhamaNa saMskRti se sati hai| [dekhie paNDita sundaralAla jo likhita "hajarata IsA aura IsA dharma ] / banekA jaina dharma aura bauddha dharma : jaina granthoM ke anusAra, bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA me eka sAdhu pihitA ne jaina dIkSA chor3akara bauddha dharma calAyA thaa| bauddha evaM anya sAhitya se spaSTa hai ki mahAtmA buddha ne sAdhu jIvana ke prathama varSo meM anya sampradAyokta dhAcaraNa kiyA thaa| bauddha sAhitya ke aneka zabda jainasAhitya se lie gaye hai| upadeza bhI jaina upadeza ke samAna hI haiN| (dekhiye 'jainaboddha tatvajJAna' brahma0 zItala prasAda ) / jaina dharma aura hindU dharma vaidika dharma kA parivartita rUpa hI prAjakala hindU dharma kahalAtA hai| yaha batAnoM me jaina dharma kA RNI hai / lokamAnya tilaka ke san 1904 meM bar3audA me diye gaye eka bhASaNa ke anusAra vedokta yajJAdi kI hisA jaina dharma ke kAraNa banda huI hai| purAtatvajJa zrI zrIbhAjI kI 'madhya kAlIna bhAratIya saskRta, pRSTha 35 ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra uttarakAla meM hindU smRtikArI tathA purANakArI ne jitanA pAcAra sambandhI sAhitya liyA usame naramedha, prazvamedha' pazubali tathA mAsa mAhAra ko loka viruddha hone se tyAjya batAyA hai / dekhie - yAjJavalkya smRti, 1 - 156, 'vRhannAradIya purANa', 22, 12, 16 / 'madhyakAlIna bhAratIya saMskRti' ke anusAra, 24 tIrthakaroM ke samAna 24 avatAroM kI kalpanA huii| kriyAkANDI mAhitya ke sthAna para prAdhyAtmika evaM bhaktiparaka grantho, gItA, rAmAyaNa yogavAziSTha, brahmasUtra Adi ko prAdhAnya milA indra va dhagniprAdi vaidika devatAo ke sthAna para rAma evaM kRSNa jaise aitihAsika karmaTha rAjanetAoM ko mahimA prApta huii| jaina samAja para bhI hindU samAja ke aneka rIti rivAjoM kA prabhAva hai / bhASA, kalA aura sAhitya : jaina dharma jaba jaba jisa-jisa deza meM pracalita rahA, vaha unhI kI boliyoM meM upadeza detA rhaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanA upadeza lokabhASA meM diyA, saskRta meM nahIM jaina / dharma ke anusAra Izvara kI koI eka bhASA nahIM hai hindI kI utpatti tathA vikAsa kA zAna jaina apabhraMza sAhitya ke jJAna adhyayana se bhalI-bhAMti prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / jaina sAhitya me dhArmika, naitika evaM dArzanika pratyoM ke pratirikta mantra tantra, prAyurveda, vanaspati, vAstu, mUrti, citra, zilpa evaM saMgIta kalA ke graMthoM se jaina sAhitya bharapUra hai| 00

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sAhitya samIkSA bhagavAna mahAvIra smati-prantha-pradhAna saMpAdaka-DA. jyoti prasAda jaina, anya saMpAdaka-paM0 lAzacandra zAstrI, javAhara lor3hA, zarada kumAra, DA. mohanalAla mehatA / prakAzaka : zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara pradeza, lakhanaU / bhAkAra krAuna 1/8, sajilda pRSTha lagabhaga 450, mUlya pacAsa rupaye, 1675 / / prastuta grantha mAta khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai| prathama khaNDa me "bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sUktiyo' kA sAnuvAda saMkalana hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM 'bhagavAna mahAvIra kI stuti, unase sambandhita stotra-stavana' ityAdi kAlakramAnusAra die gae haiN| tatIya khaNDa ke antargata 'bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yuga, jIvana aura dena' hai| isa khaNDa me udabhaTa manISiyoM ke zodhapUrNa lekha hai, jinameM se upAdhyAya muni zrI vidyAnada jI, prAcArya zrI tulasI, santa vinobA bhAve, prAcArya zrI rajanIza, zrI pagaracanda nAhaTA, zrI dalasukha mAlavaNiyA prAdi ke lekha vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| caturtha khaNDa me 'jaina dharma, darzana aura saMskRti' viSayaka vivecana hai jisameM sarvazrI paM0 kailAza canda zAstrI, DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina, DaoN0 darabArI lAla koThiyA, muni zrI nathamala, DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave mAdi 16 vidvAno ke lekha hai| pacama khaNDa 'zAkAhAra' ke viSaya meM hai| chaThe khaNDa me 'uttara pradeza me jaina dharma' sambandhI sAmagrI vidyamAna hai, jisameM vahA~ ke tIrtho, mandiroM, prAcIna zilAlekhoM, citrakalAkRtiyo, sAhitya evaM vartamAna sasthAnoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAtaveM khaNDa (antima khaNDa) me 'mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara pradeza ke gaThana, kAryakalApa evaM upalabdhiyoM viSayaka vivaraNa hai| isI krama meM mUrtiyoM, mAyAgapaToM, zilAlekhoM Adi ke anekAneka citra mudrita hai| mUrtiyoM, pAyAgapaTo tathA zilAlekhoM ke kAla prAdi anirdiSTa hai, inhe diyA jAnA cAhie thaa| isa bahubidha sAmagrI se granya kI mahattA to bar3hI hI hai vaha adhika upAdeya, sakalanIya aura pravalokanIya bhI bana gayA hai| kula milAkara yaha smRti pratha sarvathA surucipUrNa eva susaMgata sAmagrI meM sampanna hai|| sampAdaka eva prakAzaka isa sarvAMgapUrNa prakAzana ke lie badhAI ke pAtra hai| -gokula prasAda jaina (sampAdaka) vIra nirvANa saMvat tathA kaliyuga saMvata, mahAbhArata saMvata yA yadhiSThira saMvata vIra nirvANa saMvat se adhika prAcIna kevala eka aura savat kA ullekha milatA hai jo mahAbhArata kAla athavA yudhiSThira kAna athavA kaliyuga mavana ke nAma se jJAta hagrA hai| isakA ullekha bIjApura jile meM mdhina aihone nAmaka grAma ke eka prAcIna jaina mandira ke zilAlekha meM pAyA jAtA hai (DA0rA0ba pADeya : hisTaoN0 eNDa liTa. iskripsana na0 5.) / ukta zilAlekha ke anusAra, usa jaina mandira kA nirmANa ravitIti ne usa samaya karAyA jaba mahAbhArata yuddha se lekara kalikAla ke 3.5 varSa tathA zaka rAjAmo ke kAla, arthAta zaka savata ke 556 varSa vyatIna ho gaye the; arthAt mahAbhArata yuddha IsA pUrva 3101 me humA thaa| bRhatsaMhitA (13, 3) aura rAjataragiNI meM yudhiSThira kA rAjyakAla 2346 IsA pUrva mAnA gayA hai| mAdhunika vidvAno ke lie mahAbhArata kAla kI uparyuta dono avadhiyA vicAraNIya haiN| pITara purANoM me ullikhita rAjavazAvaliyo se gaNanA kara isa kAla ko I0pU0 650 varSa siddha karate hai| DA0 pumalakara ne ise I0 pU0 1400 sthira kiyA hai| kintu rAjavaMzAvaliyo ke sAtha gaNanA karate hue vidvAnoM ne anumAnoM kA paryApta mahArA liyA hai| paurANika azAvaliyoM kA sAkSya-viSNu purANa me tIna vazAniyAM aisI hai jiname mahAbhArata kAla se vardhamAna tIrthakara taka pravicchinna rUpa se narezoM ke pitA-putra krama se nAma milana hai| ye vaza hai kurU, ikSvAku aura mAgadha / ina vazAvaliyoM kA vizada vivecana karane para mahAbhArata kA kAla 1000 varSa I0 pUrva mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA hai / taba aihole jaina mandira ke zilAlekha ke kAla me 2101 vaSa kI atizayokti prazna cihna upasthita karatI hai| yaha zilAlekha apuSTa to hai, kintu prAcIna kAla kI mahatvapUrNa yugasthApaka ghaTanA kA saMketacihna bhI hai| -nijma ejena: gahIrAlAla jaina

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R.N. 10591 62 vIra-sevA-mandira ke upayogI prakAzana purAtana navAkya-sUcI prAkRta ke prAcIna 46 mUla-pranyoM ko pacAnukramaNI, jisake sAya 48 TIkAdi granthoM meM uddhRta dUsare padyoM kI bhI anukramaNI lagI huI hai| saba milAkara 25353 paca-cAkyoM kI sUcI / saMpAdaka mukhtAra zrI jugalakizora jI kI gaveSaNApUrNa mahattva ko 7 pRSTha kI prastAvanA se alaMkRta, DA. kAlIdAsa nAga, ema. e., DI. liT ke prAkkathana (Foreword) bhora DA0 e. ena. upAdhye, ema. e.,DI. liTa. kI bhUmikA (Introduction) se bhUSita hai| zodha-khoja ke vidvAnoM ke lie pratIva upayogI, bar3A sAija, sajilda / 15... prAptaparIkSA : zrI vidyAnandAcArya kI svopajJa saTIka apUrva kRti, prAptoM kI parIkSA dvArA Izvara-viSayaka sundara vivecana ko lie hae, nyAyAcArya paM darabArIlAlajI ke hindI anuvAda se yukta, sjild| svayambhU stotra : samantabhadra bhAratI kA apUrva grantha, mukhtAra zrI jugalakizorajI ke hindI anuvAda, tathA mahattva kI maveSaNApUrNa prastAvanA se suzobhita / / stutividyA : svAmI samantabhadra kI manokhI kRti, pApoM ke jItane kI kalA, saTIka, sAnuvAda paura zrI jugala. kizora mustAra kI mahattva ko prastAvanAdi se alaMkRta sundara jilda-sahita / adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa : paMcAdhyAyIkAra kavi rAjamala kI sundara prAdhyAtmika racanA, hindii-anuvaad-shit| 1.50 paktyanuzAsana : tattvajJAna se paripUrNa, mamantabhadra kI asAdhAraNa kRti, jisakA abhI taka hindI anuvAda nahI hamA thaa| mukhtArazrI ke hindI anuvAda aura prastAvanAdi se alaMkRta, sajilda / 1-25 samIcIna dharmazAstra : svAmI samantabhadra kA gRhasthAcAra-viSayaka pratyutama prAcIna grantha, mukhtAra zrIjugalakizora jI ke vivecanAtmaka hindI bhASya aura gaveSaNAtmaka prastAvanA se yukta, sajilda / ... " 3-60 nagrantha-prazasti sagraha bhA01: saMskRta aura prAkRta ke 171 aprakAzita granthoM kI prazastiyoM kA maMgalAcaraNa sahita apUrva saMgraha, upayogI 11 pariziSToM aura paM0 paramAnanda zAstro kI itihAsa-viSayaka sAhitya paricayAtmaka prastAvanA se alaMkRta, sajilda / ... samAdhitantra aura iSTopadeza : adhyAtmakRti, paramAnanda zAstrI kI hindI TIkA sahita 4.00 bhavaNabelagola aura dakSiNa ke anya jaina tIrtha / adhyAtmarahasya : paM prAzAghara kI sundara kRti, mukhtAra jI ke hindI anuvAda sahita / janaprandha-prazasti saMgraha bhA0 2: apabhraza ke 122 aprakAzita granthoM kI prazastiyo kA mahattvapUrNa sNgrh| pacapana pranthakAroM ke aitihAsika graMtha-paricama paura pariziSToM sahita / saM.paM. paramAnanda shaastrii| sajilda / 12.00 pAya-vIpikA : mA. abhinava dharmabhUSaNa kI kRti kA pro. DA0 darabArIlAlajI nyAyAcArya dvArA saM0 anu0| 7.00 bama sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizava prakAza : pRSTha saMkhyA 740 sajilda / kasAyapAsuta: mUla grantha kI racanA pAja me do hajAra varSa pUrva zrI guNadharAcArya ne kI, jisa para zrI pativRSabhAcArya ne pandraha sau varSa pUrva chaha hajAra zloka pramANa cUNisUtra likhe / sampAdaka paM hIrAlAlajI siddhAna zAstrI, upayogI pariziSTo aura hindI anuvAda ke sAtha bar3e sAija ke 1000 se bhI adhika pRSThoM meN| pRSTa kAgaja aura kapaDe kI pakkI jilda / 20.00 Reality : prA0 pUjyapAda kI sarvArtha siddhi kA aMgrejI meM panavAda baDe pAkAra ke 3001. parakI jilda nadhi -ratnAvalI : zrI milApacandra tathA ratanalAla kaTAriyA 5.00 dhyAna zataka jyAmastava sahita : saMpAdaka paM. bAlacandra siddhAnta-zAstrI 12-00 bhAvaka dharma sahitA : zrI barayAbasiMha soSiyA na lakSaNAvalI (tIna bhAgoM meM) : (tRtIya bhAga mudraNAdhIna) prathama bhAga 25.00; dvitIya bhAga 25-00 Jain Bibliography (Universal Encyclopaedia of Jain References) (Under print) prakAzaka-dIra sevA mandira ke lie rUpavANI priTiMga hAusa, dariyAgaja, dillI se mudrita /

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traimArika zodha patrikA anekAnta / varSa 26 : kiraNa 2 aprela-jUna 1956 . parAmarza-maNDala zrI yazapAla jaina DA0premasAgara jaina ach PICAS H amar ra F NEMA SAMRAT. RSSIP S : AAR sampAdaka zrI gokulaprasAda jaina ema.e, ela-ela.bI., sAhityaratna sa M Dail. M and prakAzaka vIra sevA mandira, 21 dariyAgaMja, dillI

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--- viSaya sUcI viSaya 1. zrI purudeva stuti 2. jaina dharma me zakti pUjA-DA0 sohanakRSNa purohita, jodhapura 3. gommaTezvara bAhubalI paM0 paramAnada zAstrI, dillI 16 4. bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sarvajJatA DA. devendra kumAra zAstrI, somaya 5. prAcIna jaina tIrthaM zrI rAtA mahAvIra jI - zrI bhUracanda jaina, bAr3amera 6. anekAnta Dato zobhanAtha pAThaka, meghanagara 7. mAnavIya samunnati kA prazasta mArga vinaya paM0 vimalakumAra jaina saurayA, mahAvarA 8. mAlavA kI navIna aprakAzita jaina pratimAnoM ke abhilekha - DA0 surendrakumAra prArya, ujjaina 86 6. pUjA : mUrti kI nahI, mUrtimAna kI - upAdhyAya muni zrI vidyAnanda 10. kavivara jagatarAma vyaktitva aura kRtitva-zrI gokulaprasAda jaina, naI dillI 64 'manekAnta' ke svAmitva sambandhI vivaraNa prakAzana sthAna vIra sevA mandira, 21 dariyAgaMja dillI- 6 -- - pR0 65 anekAnta kA vArSika mUlya 6 ) rupayA eka kiraNa kA mUlya 1 kA 25 paisA prakAzaka 77 prakAzana bhavadhi - traimAsika mudraka-prakAzaka vIra sevA mandira ke mimita zrI somaprakAza jaina - vIra sevA mandira ke lie rUpavANA pra -- 83 85 87 rASTrikatA - bhAratIya patA- 23, dariyAgaMja, dillI-6 sampAdaka - zrI gokula prasAda jaina rASTrikatA - bhAratIya 3, rAmanagara, naI dillI- 55 svAmitva vIra sevA mandira, 21 dariyAda dillI-6 maiM omaprakAza jaina, etaddvArA ghoSita karatA hUM ki merI pUrNa jAnakArI evaM vizvAsa ke anusAra uparyukta vivaraNa satya hai / zromaprakAza jaina prakAzaka sthApita 1626. vIra sevA mandira 21 dariyAgaja, dillI vIra sevA mandira uttara bhArata kA pragraNI jaina saMskRti, sAhitya, itihAsa, purAtatva eva darzana zodha saMsthAna hai jo 1626 se anavarata prapataM punIta uddezyoM kI sampUrti meM salagna rahA hai| isake pAvana uddezya isa prakAra hai :-- jaina-janetara purAtatva sAmagrI kA saha, sakalana aura prakAzana / prAcIna jana-janetara granthoM kA uddhAra / lokahitArtha nava sAhitya kA sRjana prakaTIkaraNa dhora pracAra | 'anekAnta' patrAdi dvArA janatA ke AcAra-vicAra kI U~cA uThAne kA prayatna 000 jaina sAhitya, itihAsa aura tattvajJAnaviSayaka dha savAnAdi kAryo kA prasAdhana aura unake prottejanArthaM vRttiyoM kA vidhAna tathA puraskArAdi kA prAyojana / vividha upayogI saskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, hindI evaM aMgrejI prakAzanoM; jaina sAhitya, itihAsa aura tattvajJAna dipaka zodha anusaMdhAna suvidhAna evaM nirantara pravardhamAna panthAgAra; jaina saMskRti, sAhitya, itihAsa evaM purA tatva ke samartha agradUta 'zranekAnta' ke nirantara prakAzana evaM abhya anekAneka vividha sAhityika aura sAMskRtika gati vidhiyoM dvArA vIra sevA mandira gata 46 varSa se nirantara sevArata rahA hai evaM uttarottara vikAsamAna hai / yaha saMsthA apane vividha kriyA-kalApoM meM hara prakAra prApakA mahatvapUrNa sahayoga evaM pUrNa protsAhana pAne kI adhikAriNI hai| dhataH mApase sAnurodha nivedana hai ki :1. vIra sevA mandira ke sadasya banakara dharma prabhAvanAtmaka kAryakramoM meM sakriya yogadAna kreN| 2. bIra sevA sandira ke prakAzanoM ko svayaM apane upayoga ke lie tathA vividha mAgalika avasaroM para apane priyajanoM ko bheMTa me dene ke lie khriideN| 3. traimAsika zodha patrikA 'anekAnta' ke grAhaka banakara jaina saMskRti, sAhitya, itihAsa evaM purAtatva ke zopAnusandhAna meM yoga deM / 4. vividha dhArmika, sAMskRtika pakSa evaM dAnAdi ke va saroM para mahat uddezyoM kI pUrti meM vIra sevA mandira kI prArthika sahAyatA kareM | - gokulaprasAda jaina (saciva) anekAnta meM prakAzita vicAroM ke lie sampAdaka maNDala uttaradAyI nahIM hai| - sampAdaka -

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prom maham anekAnta paramAgamasya bIjaM niSiddha jAtyandha sindhuravidhAnam / sakalanavilasitAnAM virodhamathanaM namAmyanekAntam // varSa 26 kiraNa 2 vIra-sevA-mandira, 21 dariyAgaMja, dillI-6 vIra-nirvANa savata 2502, vi0 ma0 2032 apraila-jana 1976 zrI purudeva stuti abhaktvA yaM naiva vrajati kRtapuNyo'pi kuzam, kaThoraH pAzo'ya bhavati balavAn karmajanitaH / itivArdha varSa kSadhita iva babhrAma bhavana, zriye jAyetAsau prathamajinadevaH purupa.taH // 5 // bhAvArtha-karmapAza bahuta dRr3ha hotA hai / puNyavAn bhI tatkarma phala nibere vinA kuzala ko prApta nahIM kara pAtA; mAno, yahI sUcita karate hue jo prAdhe varSa pramANa samayAvadhi kSadhita rahakara bhuvana meM vihAra karate rahe, vaha prathama jinezvara zrI purudeva zrI vRddhika ra hoN| prabho! svAmina ! nAtha! tribhavanapate! muktikamalApariSvaMgazlAghya ! svasayama / nijAtmaiMkarasika / / sahastrAcchacchandaH stutizikhariNI yasya vimalA zriyaM jAyetAso prathamajinadevaH purupatiH // 8 // bhAvArtha-he prabho ! he svAmina ! he nAtha ! he tribhavanapate ! he muktilakSmI samAligana se zlAghanIya ! svasamaya ! he apane prAtmA meM ekamAtra dhyAnastha ! ityAdi sahastroM pracche chandovAkyoM se jinakI stutizikhariNI kA vimalajJAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha prathama jinendra bhagavAn zrI puzveva zrI vRddhikAraka hoN|

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jaina dharma meM zakti pUjA 1 DA. sohanakRSNa purohita, jodhapura bhArata meM zakti pUjA sindhu ghATI kI sabhyatA (laga praNAlI ko jyo kA tyoM svIkAra kara liyA hai| prAcArya bhaga 2500-1700 I0 pU0) ke samaya hI prArambha hemacandra sUrI ne dhyAna ke cAra svahA batalAye hai piNDastha ho cukI thI / lekina usakA pUrNa vikAsa paurANika yuga gidastha, rUpasya aura rUpa varjita / jisa dhyAna kA pAlambana meM humaa| vaidika sAhitya meM bhI savitA prAdi deviyoM kA daNDa me ho, use piNDasya dhyAna, jisameM zabda brahma ke ullekha pAyA hai| jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI mAnyatA hai ki varNapada vAkya ke Upara racita bhAvanA karanI ho use padAya bhArata me jaina dharma kA udaya saindhava yuga me hI prArambha ho dhyAna, jisame grAkAra kI bhAvanA karanI ho use rUpastha dhyAna cukA thA, lekina use janatA me phailAne kA kArya bhagavAna aura nirAkAra pAhama cintana ko rUpa vajita dhyAna kahate mahAvIra ne chaThI zatI I0 pU0 me kiyA / ' prArambha me hai| piNDasya dhyAna me svaya ko kalyANaguNa yukta mAnane jaina aura zAkta dharma meM karmakANDa kA prabhAva thA aura vAle mantra maNDala ko nimna zaktiyA; zAkinI aura ye donoM dharma atyanta sarala the lekina paravartI kAla me yoginiyA prabhAvita nahIM kara sktii| padastha dhyAna vidhi zAktadharma me tantravAda kA udaya hA jisane lagabhaga sabhI meM hinduproM kI mantra zAstra padvati ko svIkAra kara liyA bhAratIya dharmoM ko prabhAvita kiyaa| jainadharma bhI tantra- pratIta hotA hai| jisakA varNana isa prakAra hai;-nAbhi vAda ke prabhAva se adhurA nahI raha sakA / jisa prakAra sthAna meM solaha dalI meM SoDasa svara mAtrAe~, hRdaya sthAna zAkta-dharma kA taMtra sambandhI vistRta sAhitya milatA hai meM caubIsa daloM meM madhya kaNikA ke sAtha meM paccIsa akSara usI prakAra jaina dharma me bhI tantro aura mantroM kI kamI aura mUla paMkaja maiM a, ka, ca, Ta, ta,ha, ya, za, Adi nahIM haiN| varNASTaka banAkara mAtRkA kA dhyAna kiyA jAya / jo pichale varSoM meM mujhe kucha jaina mandiroM ke darzana kA vyakti mAtRkA dhyAna ko siddha kara letA hai use naSTa lAbha milaa| apanI yAtrA ke daurAna jaba meM raNakapura padArthoM kA svataH bhAna ho jAtA hai| isake pazcAt nAbhijana mandira dekhane pahuMcA to garbha gRha ke dvAra ke nikaTa skanda ke nIce aSTa dala padma kI bhAvanA karake usameM eka devI pratimA dekhane ko milI jise sarasvatI kI varNASTaka banAkara pratyeka dala kI sandhi meM mAyA praNava pratimA mAnakara pUjA kI jAtI hai| usa samaya mere mana ke sAtha 'arhat' pada banAkara husva, dIrgha, pluta uccAra se me yaha vicAra uThA ki jaina mandira meM sarasvatI pratimA nAbhi, hRdaya, kaMTha prAdi sthAno ko suSumnA mArga se apane kaise ? isaliye maiMne isI prAzaya se jainagranthoM evaM patra jIva ko urdhvagAmI karanA cAhiye jisase antarAtmA kA patrikAmoM kA adhyayana prArambha kiyaa| inameM kucha sAmagrI meM nArI zodhana hotA hai aisA vicAra kreN| tatpazcAt SoDazadala milI aura aisA lagA ki jaina dharma bhI zAkta vicAradhArA brahma meM sudhAplAvita apanI antarAtmA ko solaha vidyA se prabhAvita hai| kyoki yadi jaina zAsana me tIrthaDura deviyo ke sAtha solaha daloM meM biThAkara svayaM ko amRtaviSayaka dhyAna-yoga kA adhyayana kiyA jAya to jJAta bhAva mila rahA hai aisA soce / anta me dhyAna ke prAveza hotA hai ki jaina prAcAryoM ne hinduoM ko maMtra-zAstra meM 'so'ham' 'so'ham' zabda se apane ko prarhat rUpa meM 1. majUmadAra tathA pusAlkara, vaidika eja, pR0 186-7 2. vhii| 3. mArDana rivyU, juna 1932. 4. hemacandra, yogazAstra, saptama prakAza, 2 loka 27-28 tathA maSTama prakAza meM zloka 5 /

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jaina dharma meM zakti pUjA banubhava karane ke liye mUrdhA meM prayatna kreN| isake pazcAt hokara mUrdhA meM prAkara nivAsa karatI haiM usa samaya vidyA apanI prAtmA ko, usa paramAtmA ko jo rAgadveSa se mukta rahita manuSyoM kI jihvA rUpI nAlI para kavitva kA amRta haiM. jo sarvadarzI hai, jise devatA bhI namaskAra karate hai aise bahane lagatA hai|' dharma deza ko karane vAle mahat deva ke sAtha eka bhAva se jaina dharma meM sarasvatI kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / isakA dekhe / jo isa kArya ko saphalatA pUrvaka kara lete hai ve pramANa kuSANa kAlIna jaina zilpa kI sarasvatI pratimA piNDa svabhAva ko siddha hue samajhe jA sakate hai| yaha hai| prabhidhAna cintAmaNi nAmaka grantha me sarasvatI ke vivaraNa hinduno kI SaTcakravedha paddhati para AdhArita hai / bhaneka rUpoM kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vAga, hemacandra ne apane yogazAstra nAmaka grantha me dhyAna yoga brAhmI, bhAratI, gau, gIgaNI, bhASA, sarasvatI zruta devI, kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai ki "dhyAna se yogI vIta- vacana, vyavahAra, bhASita bhaura vacs ina sabhI ko eka rAga ho jAtA hai / " unhoMne aneka mantroM meM to hiduoM dUsare se prabhinna samajhanA caahiye|' isI prakAra harivaMza ke bIjAkSaro ko jyoM kA tyoM svIkAra kara liyA hai| purANa me bhI sarasvatI kA ullekha milatA hai| isa pratha zAkta sampradAya me sarasvatI ke rUpa meM durgA kI upA- meM sarasvatI ko lakSmI ke samAna mAMgalika devI mAnA sanA kI jAtI hai / durgA saptazatI me kahA gayA hai ki gayA hai / "tiloya paNNattI' me sarasvatI ko zrRtadevI svahasta kamala meM ghaMTA, trizUla, zakha, mUsala, cakra, dhanuSa, kahakara pukArA gayA hai| aura bANa ko dhAraNa karane vAlI, gaurI deha se utpanna, jaina dharma ke zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM sampradAyoM trinetrA, medhAsthita candramA ke samAna kAnti vAlI saMsAra meM 'sarasvatI devI ko zraddhA kI dRSTi se dekhA gayA hai / kI prAdhAra bhUtA, zumbhAdi daitya madinI, mahAsarasvatA yadyapi zvetAmbara sampradAya ke mUrti zilpa meM hI isakA ko hama namaskAra karate hai / sarasvatI ko 'sarasa' ko ullekha milatA hai| digambara sampradAya me to hame tIrthaadhiSThAtrI devI mAnA gayA hai / vaha gati pradAna karane kUro, sarvato bhadrikA pratimAnoM, sahasrakUTa jinAlayoM, vAlI, mastiSka ke andhakAra ko dUra karake jJAna se prakA- nandIzvara jinAlayo, mamavasaraNa jinAlayo, mAdi ko zita karane vAlI devI hai / samasta devoM aura manuSyo ko paramparA ke alAvA vidyA deviyo, praSTa mAtakAyo, buddhi pradAna karane vAlI sarasvatI ko hI mAnA gayA hai| kSetrapAla, sarasvatI pora nava gRha kI bhI mAnyatA hai / jaina dharmAvalambiyo ne sarasvatI kI upAsanA ko pratyakSa jaina dharma me 16 vidyA deviyo ke samUha kI bhI kalpanA rUpa se apane dharma kA aMga mAna liyA hai| bAla candra ko gaI hai, jinake nAma hai . rohiNI, prajJapti, vajrazRkhalA sUrI ke vasanta vilAsa mahAkAvya me kahA gayA hai ki vajrAMkuzA, jAmbUnadA, purUSadattA, kAlI, mahAkAlI, citta rUpI cacalatA tyAgakara tathA prANAdi paMca vAyu ke (yA vairoTyA,) gorI gAndhArI, jvAlA, mAlinI, vyApAra ko stambhita karake mUryA pradeza me jo sthira mAnavI, vairoTI' acyutA" mAnasI, pora mahAmAnamI / zobhAvAlI sarasvatI kA tejo maNDala dekhate haiM usa jyoti- kahI kahIM ina vidyA deviyoM ke kucha bhinna nAma bhI maNDala kI hama upAsanA karate hai| suSumnA nADI rUpI milate hai, jaise rohiNI, prajJapti, bajrazRkhalA, kUlizAbAdalI sarasvatI ke tejomaya jaba bijalI ke daNDa se bhedita kuzA, cakrezvarI, naradattA, kAlI, mahAkAlI, gaurI, 1. hemacandra, pUrvo0 praSTama prakAza / 6. abhiyAna cintAmaNi, (devakANDa dvitIya)-vakezvarI 2. vahI / 7. vahI, mahApaga; prAcAra dinakara (udaya 33) me bhI 3. basanta vilAsa, 1, 70-73 / yahI nAma milatA hai| 4. vAga brAhmI bhAratI gaugIrvANI bhASA sarasvatI, zruta 8. nirvANa kalikA-jvAlA devI vacanaM tu vyAhAro bhASitaM vacaH / / 6. nirvANa kalikA-roTyA 5. harivaMza purANa, 56, 27 / 10. nirvANa kalikA-praccha ptA

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65 varSa 26, ki02 anekAnta gAndhArI, sarvastrA, mahAjvAlA, mAnavI, vairoTyA machuptA anantAgati, mAnasI, mahAmAnasI, jayA, vijayA, aparA jvAlAmAlinI, mahAkAlI, mAnavI, gaurI, gAndhArikA, jitA, bahurUpA, AmbikA, padmAvatI, siddhadAyikA / virATA, tArikA, (acyatA,) mAnasI aura mhaamaansii| 'prAcArya dinakara,' 'pratiSThA sArodvAra,' paura pratiSThA yadi uparyukta tAlikAoM kA dhyAna pUrvaka adhyayana kiyA tilaka' prAdi granyoM meM inake nAma kucha parivartana sahita jAya to jJAta hotA hai ki jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ne vidyA diye gaye hai / yadyapi jaina granthoM meM yakSiyoM ko zAsana deva dekhiyo ke nAma se zAkta sampradAya kI deviyoM ko apane samUha ke antargata rakhate hue unheM bhinna bhinna nAmoM se dharma granthoM meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna pradAna kiyA hai| pukArA gayA hai| lekina hamArI dhAraNA hai ki upayukta jainadharma ke pratiSThA zAstroM meM yakSa aura yakSiyoM granthoM meM uddhRta lagabhaga sabhI nAma zAkta sampradAya kI ko zAsana rakSaka devatA athavA zAsana devatA svIkAra deviyoM ke hai aura bace hue nAma kAlpanika hai| jaina granthoM kiyA gayA hai| prArambhika jaina zAstroM meM zAsana deva. me 'zAsanadevo' ke svatantra vyaktitva ko svIkAra nahI nAmo ko tIthaMDUroM kA sevaka - mAnakara unake prati zraddhA kiyA gayA hai lekina itanA to mAnanA hI par3egA ki prakaTa kI gaI hai| prAcArya somadeva, prAcArya nemIcandra guptakAla ke pazcAt jaina dharmAvalambiyo kI sAdhanA vidhi aura papAzApara ' ne yakSa-yakSiyoM kI zAsana devatA svI- mora pUjA paddhati para zAkta sampradAya kA cAhe vaha atyalpa kAra kiyA hai : yadyapi upayukta vidvAna isa mata se sahamata hI kyo na ho kucha prabhAva avazya pdd'aa| isaliye jaina nahI the ki laukika kAmanA kI pUrti hetu zAmana devatA prAcAryoM ne apane granthoM meM sarasvatI tathA deviyo ke nAmo kI upAsanA kI jAya / phira bhI digambara sampradAya ke aura vyaktitva ko mahatva pradAna kiyA hai| kucha bhaTTArakoM aura zvetAmbara parampaga ke kucha prAcAryo kI ruci mantra aura tantra meM vizeSa rUpa se thii| lekina isa sabandha me eka anya pramANa kI bhI carcA kI jA itanA saba kucha hone para bhI zAsana devatAmoM ko tIrthaDura sakatI hai| sAdhAraNatayA jaina mandirI ke dvAra ke nikaTa kI zreNI kabhI bhI prApta nahIM huI / 'bhairava' kI pratimA sthApita karane kI paramparA hai| kaI jaina grantho me zAsanadeva ke rUpa meM bahuta sI yakSaNiyo bAra bhairava kI pratimA ke sthAna para unakI pUjA kA sthAna kA ullekha milatA hai / yadyapi jaina gratha unake nAmo ke bhI nirdhArita honA pAyA jAtA hai| hama jAnate hai ki sabandha meM eka mata nahI haiM / "tiloya paNNantI' ke anusAra zAkta sampradAya meM bhairava kA durgA se nikaTa kA sambandha zAsana kI rakSA karane vAlI yakSiyo ke nAma isa prakAra mAnA jAtA hai| aba yadi bhairava ko kisI taraha jaina dharma hai-cakrezvarI, rohiNI, prajJapti, vaca" khalA, vajra kuzA se sambandhita kara bhI diyA gayA hai to bhI unakA mUla praprati, cakrezvarI, purUSadasA, manovegA,kAlI, jvAlA vyaktitva badalanA kaThina hai| isa prakAra saMkSepa meM kahA mAlinI, mahAkAlI, gaurI, gAndhArI, roTI, anantamatI, jA sakatA hai ki jaina dharma zAkta mata se kucha prazo meM mAnaso, mahAmAnasI, jayA, vijayA, aparAjitA, baha- prabhAvita pravazva huaA hai| rupiNI, kuSmANDI, panA aura siddhdaayinii| aparAjita khADA kalasA, choTe gaNeza jI pRcchA' ke anusAra unake nAma hai,-cakrezvarI, rohiNI, ke mandira ke pAsa jodhapura prajJA, vajra" khalA, naradattA, manovegA, kAlikA, kArikA, (rAjasthAna) 8. sAgAradharmAmRta, 3, 7 6. upa sakAdhyayana, 36, 668 7 pratiSThA tilk|

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gommaTezvara bAhubalI D50 paramAnanda zAstrI, dillI . bAhubalI RSabhadeva ke putra the| unakI mAtA kA nAma nahIM rukA, vaha mere ghara ke dvAra para prAkara kyoM ruka sunandA thaa| yaha caubIsa kAmadevoM meM se prathama kAmadeva gayA ? kyA mere sAmrAjya meM abhI zatru maujUda haiM jo mere the| inakI zarIra kI UMcAI savA pAMca se dhanuSa thii| vaza meM hI nahIM humaa| aisA koI vyakti hai jo mere zarIra baliSTha aura bhunAe lambI thii| isase inakA utkarSa ko nahI saha rahA hai| cakraratna vinA kisI kAraNa dUsarA nAma bhujavalI aura daurbalI bhI thaa| inake jyeSTha ke nahIM ruka sktaa| taba purohita ne kahA, nagara ke dvAra bhrAtA bharata kA zarIra bhI valiSTha aura sundara thA, unake para cakarala rukane se jAna par3atA hai ki kucha kA vijaya zarIra kI UMcAI 500 dhanuSa thii| vidyA, kalA, kAnni karanA zeSa hai| yadyapi prApane bAhara ke sabhI zatrupoM ko aura dIpti me bAhuvalI bharata ke hI samAna the| jIta liyA hai kintu prApake bhAiyo ne prAkara prApako kAmadeva hone ke kAraNa striyAM unhe manmaya, madana, pragaja, namaskAra nahIM kiyA hai| ve prArake viruddha hai| unhone manoja aura manobhava nAmo se pukAratI thii| unakA vakSa- nizcaya kiyA hai ki hama magavAn RSamadeva ke sivAya sthala vizAla aura skaMdha unnana the| mastaka vizAla aura anya kisI ko namaskAra nahIM krege| Apake sabhI bhAI teja se sampanna thaa| zira ke keza kAle pora ghugha- balavAna hai kintu una saba me bAhuvalI sabase adhika rAle the| isame sandeha nahIM ki bharata vIra pora rAja- baliSTha hai| Apako isakA pratIkAra karanA caahie| nItijJa the, kintu bAhubalI vivekI, parAkramI paura rAja- purohita ke vacano se bharata pratyanta kSubhita hue, aura nItijJa hote hue bhI atyanta catura the aura svabhAvata umra lAla lAla pAkheM nikAlakara bole ---kisI zatru ke praNAma prakRti ke dhAraka the| na karane para mujhe vaimA kheda nahI hotA jasA ghara ke bhItara bhagavAna RSabhadeva nataM kI nIlAjanA kA asamaya me rahane vAle mithyAbhimAnI bhAiyo ke namaskAra na karane zarIra pAta dekha kara deha bhogo se virakta ho gaye, taba se ho rahA hai| ye bhAI pralAt cakra kI taraha mujhase jala ve bharata aura bAhubalI prAdi ko rAjya dekara nirA- rahe hai| anya bhAI mere viruddha prAcaraNa karane vAle bhale kula ho gaye aura pravrajyA grahaNa kara lii| sabhI bhAI hI rahe, kintu taruNa buddhimAna paripATI ko jAnane vAlA TI tte| apanA-apanA rAjya sacAlana karate hae jIvana yApana canura aura sajjana bAhubalo mere se kaise viruddha ho gayA ? karane lage / bAhubalo kA rAjya zAsana bar3A hI sundara pora mAlUma hotA hai vaha bhujAyoM ke bala se uddhata ho gyaa| jana priya thaa| ve nyAya nIti se prajA kA pAlana karate ve yaha soca rahe hai ki eka hI kula me utpanna hone se hama the| unakI rAjadhAnI podanapura thii| sau bhAI pravadhya hai-hame koI nahI mAra sktaa| pUjya . bharata ne chaha khaDa pRthvI ko vijita kiyA aura cakra-tAdvArA TET ami kA te jAbhoga karanA nAte vartI samrATa bane jA ve digvijaya se loTa kara va bhava haiM. para aisA ho nahIM sakatA / paba yA to unhe ke sAtha prayodhyA paaye| taba cakarala nagara ke dvAra para yaha ghoSaNA karanI paDegI ki isa pRthvI kA svAmI bharata hI sthita ho gayA, vaha nagara ke bhItara praviSTa nahI humaa| hai aura hama saba usake pracIna hai| anyathA mRtyu kA bharata ne tatkAla purohita aura matriyo ko bulavAyA aura mAligana karanA hogaa| mujhe sabase adhika kheda bAhubalI pUchA ki jo cakraratna samasta dizAmoM ko jItane me kahIM para hai maiM use bhrAtR premI samajhA thA, kintu aba maiM use

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70, varSa 29, ki02 anekAnta lge| nahIM chor3a sktaa| bAhubalI ko chor3akara anya bhAiyoM ne kahalAyA hai ki prAkara mujhe namaskAra karo. kintu hama isa namaskAra bhI kiyA to usase kyA? podanapura ke binA yaha janma meM to kyA parajanma me bhI Apake sivAya anya kisI samasta sAmrAjya mujhe viSa ke samAna hai| deva yA manuSya ko praNAma karane meM sarvathA asamartha haiN| cakravartI ko koSAndha dekhakara parohita ne upadelA varNa hama aApake samIpa jina dIkSA dhAraNa karane mAye haiM. jinameM vacanoM se zAnta karate hue kahA deva ! zo mApane bhAI Apake bhAI to dUsarA kA praNAma karana sa dUsaroM ko praNAma karane se mAnabhaga kA bhaya nahI rhtaa| bAlaka haiM ataH ve bAla svabhAva ke kAraNa kUmArga meM icchA- jo mArga sukhada aura hitakara ho, vaha pApa hama logoM ko nusAra krIr3A kara ramate hai kintu kAma, krodha, moha, lobha, btlaaiye| itanA kaha kara ve saba kumAra cupa ho ge| aura saba jijJAsApUrvaka bhagavAna ke mukha kI pora dekhane mada, mAtsarya ina cha: antaraMga zatruproM ko jItane vAle mApako krodha karanA ucita nahI hai| krodha rUpa gADha pandhakAra meM DUba jAne se prAtmA kA upakAra nahIM ho sktaa| bhagavAna ne kahA, he putro ! tuma manasvI paura guNI jo rAga apane antaraMga se utpanna hone vAle zatrapoM ko hokara dUsaroM ke bhAra vahana karane vAle kaise ho sakate jItane meM samartha nahIM hai vaha apane prAtmA ko nahI jAnane ho! yaha rAjya aura jIvana caMcala hai-vinAzI hai| vAlA kArya aura prakArya ko kaise jAna sakatA hai ? krodha yauvana kA unmAda eka nazA hai, sainya zakti balAtroM se se kArya kI siddhi me sandeha banA rahatA hai| prata. Apa parAjita ho jAtI hai / dhana-sampatti ko cora ya se jAte prapakAra karane vAle isa krodha ko dUra kiijie| jitendriya hai| vaha tRSNArUpI agni ko prajvalita karane ke lie IMdhana manuSya kevala kSamA se hI pRthvI ko jItate hai| paraloka ke samAna hai| indriya-viSayoM kA dhAsvArana aneka bAra ko jItane vAle puruSoM ke lie sabase utkRSTa sAdhana kSamA kara cuke ho| cirakAla taka bhoga bhogakara bhI unase hI hai| catura dUto ko bhejakara apane bhAiyo ko vaza me tRpti nahIM hotI, ulTA kheda hI hotA hai| ataeva ye viSaya karanA ucita hai| isase prApako yaza hogaa| yadi ve viSa mizrita bhojana ke samAna hai| phira aise kauna se zAnti se vaza na ho taba grAge kA vicAra karanA caahie| viSaya hai jinheM tumane bhoyA nhii| rAjya bhI vinazvara hai, purohita ke hitakArI vacano se cakravartI kA krodha zAnta jisa rAjya meM putra-mitra aura bhAI-bandhu zatru ho jAte hai ho gayA aura unhoMne bAhubalI ke mivAya zepa bhAiyoM ke usa rAjya ke lie dhikkAra hai| yaha vinazvara gajya bharata pAma dUta bhejanA ucita smjhaa| dUto ne jAkara unhe ke dvArA jaba kabhI bhI chor3A jAyagA usa asthira rAjya cakravartI kA sandeza sunaayaa| sandeza sunakara saba bhAiyo ke lie tuma vyartha kyo laDa rahe ho| jaba taka puNya kA ne paraspara me vicAra kara dUta se kahA, bharata kA kahanA udaya hai, pRthvI kA upabhoga kara lo, kintu anta me use ucita hai kyoki pitA ke prabhAva meM bar3A bhAI pUjya hotA chor3anA hI pdd'egaa| aise asthAyI rAjya ke lie paraspara hai parantu samasta sasAra ke jAnane-dekhane vAle hamAre pitA me jhagar3anA buddhimatA nhiiN| ata IrSyA karanA vyartha hai| vidyamAna hai vahI hame pramANa hai, yaha rAjya bhI unhI kA tuma loga dharmarUpI mahAvRkSa ke usa dayArUpa phala ko dhAraNa diyA huaA hai| prataH hama unhI kI mAtrA ke adhIna hai| karo, jo kabhI mlAna nahIM hotA aura jisa para maktirUpI bharata se na hameM kucha lenA hai aura na denA hai| itanA kaha mahAphala lagatA hai, vaha dUsaroM kI dInatA se rahita hai. kara una bhAiyo ne dUto ko vidA kiyA aura ve saba bhaaii| dUsare bhI jisakA AcaraNa karate hai| vaha tapazcaraNa hI kailAza parvata para virAjamAna RSabhadeva kI sevA meM upa- mahAprabhimAna ke dhAraka tuma logoM ke mAna kI rakSA kara sthita hue aura nivedana kiyA sakatA hai| prAtmA ke zatru una karmoM se lar3anA cAhie, deva! hame pApane janma diyA hai aura Apane hI yaha jinhoMne cirakAla se tumhe apanA dAsa banA rakkhA hai| vibhUti pradAna kI hai| prataH hama mApake sivAya anya bhagavAna ke upadeza ko sunakara sabhI rAjakumAra gadkisI kI sevA nahIM karanA cAhate / phira bhI bharata ne gad ho gae aura unhoMne jinadIkSA dhAraNa kara lii|

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gommaTezvara bAhubalI bharata ke choTe bhAiyoM ne rAjya kA parityAga kara diyA bAhubalI para dRSTi paDate hI kucha ghabarA-sA gyaa| vinamra kintu phira bhI bharata kA mana nirAkula na raha sakA, kyoki mastaka se dUta ne bAhubalI ko namaskAra kiyA mora bAhubalavAna bAhubalI prabhI rAjyAsIna thA, aura use anukala balI ne satkArapUrvaka use apane pAsa bitthaayaa| jaba dUta karanA sarala nahIM thaa| apanA sthAna grahaNa kara cukA, taba bAhubalI ne muskarAte bharata-bAdalo yuTa hae kahA-bhadra ! samasta pRthvI ke svAmI Apake cakrabharata jAnate the ki bAhudalI balazAlI hai, mAmAnya vartI kuzala se to hai| bhAja bahuta dino bAda unhoMne hama sadezoM se vaha vaza meM nahIM ho sakatA / anya kSatriya rAja. logoM ko smaraNa kitA hai| sunA hai unhone saba rAjAnoM kumAroM pora bAhubalI meM utanA hI antara thA, jitanA kA jati liyA hai, aura saba dizAmoM ko apane adhIna hiraNoM aura siMha me antara hotA hai| bAhabalI vIra aura kara liyA hai| unakA yaha kArya samApta ho cukA hai yA parAkramI hone ke sAtha-sAtha baDA nItijJa aura ugra prakati kucha zeSa hai| kA hai| imalie yuddha me use vara se nahI kiyA jA dUta vinayapUrvaka bolA----devahama loga dUta hai, guNa sktaa| bhAIpane ke kapaTa se jisake antaraMga meM vikAra aura dopoM kA vicAra karane meM asamartha hai| prataH apane chipA hamA hai aura jisakA koI pratIkAra nhii| aisA svAmI kI prAjJAnusAra calanA hamArA dharma hai| cakravartI yaha bAhubalI ghara ke bhItara uThI huI agni ke samAna kUla ne jo ucita prAjJA dI hai use svIkAra karane meM hI ko bhasma kara degaa| jisa taraha vRkSoM kI zAkhAoM ke pApakA gaurava hai| bharata prathama cakravartI hai aura mApake praya bhAga kI ragar3a se utpanna huI agni parvata kA vidhAta bar3e bhAI hai| unhone pRthvI ko vaza me kara liyA hai, kara detI hai, usI taraha bhAI Adi antaraga prakRti se devatA uNhe namaskAra karate hai| unake eka hI vANa ne utpanna huprA prakopa rAjya kA vighAtaka hotA hai| ataH mahAsamudra ke adhipati vyantaradeva ko usakA zikAra banA zAnti se samasyA kA hala honA sambhava nahI hai, isaliA diyaa| vijayAdhaM ke parvata kI do zreNiyoM ke vidyAdharoM cakravartI kA citita honA svAbhAvika hI hai| ve umakA ne bhI usakA jayaghoSa kiyA hai| uttara bhArata ne vaSabhAzIghra hI pratikAra karanA cAhate the / ataH unhone bahuta cala para unhone apanI prazasti akita kii| mleccha soca vicAra ke bAda eka catura dUna bAhavalI ke pAsa rAjAnA para bhI vijaya prApta kI hai| deva unake sevaka hai bhejaa| apane svAmI kI kArya siddhi ke lie aneka upAya aura lakSmI dAsI hai| unhI bharata ne apane pAzIrvAda se socatA huA rAjadUta podanapura phuNcaa| mApakA sanmAna kara prAjJA dI hai ki samudra paryanta phailA nagara ke bAhara ghAna ke pake hue kheta lahalahA rahe the, humA yaha rAjya bhAI bAhubalI ke binA zobhA nahIM detaa| aura kisAna kaTAI meM lage hue the| Ikha ke khetoM me gAyeM prataH pApa bharata ke samIpa jAAra unhe praNAma kreN| cara rahI thI, unake thano se dUgha jharA par3atA thaa| bharata kI prAjJA kabhI vyartha nahI jaatii| jo unakI prajJA kisAnoM kI striyAM khetoM meM baiThakara pakSiyoM ko bhagA rahI kA ullaMghana karate hai una para cakra ratna pravyartha prahAra thiiN| yaha saba manorama dRzya dekhate hue dUta ne nagara me karatA hai / ' prata. Apa zIghra hI calakara unakA manoratha praveza kiyaa| aura rAjabhavana ke mAMgana me paha vakara dvAra- pUrNa kreN| Apa donoM bhAiyo ke milApa se yaha saMsAra pAla dvArA apane pAgamana kA samAcAra khlaayaa| bhI paraspara me milakara rahanA siikhegaa| jaba dUta rAjadarabAra meM upasthita humA, taba tejapuja dUta ke vacana sunakara manda-manda hasate hue dhIra-bIra 1. jJAti vyAjanigaDhAntavikriyo niSprAptikriyaH / taru zAkhAgrasaMghahajanmA banhiyaMpAgireH / / so'ntargrahosthitovanhirivAzeSaM dahet kulam / / -prAdipurANa 35,17-18 antaH prakRtigaH kopovidhAtAya prabhormataH / 2. pravandhya zAsanasyAsya zAsanaM ye vimanvate / zAsanaM dviSatAM teSAM cakramapratizAsanam / / 35-86.

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72, varSa 26, ki.2 anekAnta bAhubalI kahane lage-dUta ! jinheM zAnti se vaza meM nahIM zatruoM ko apanI icchAnusAra jItane kI icchA karate haiM, kiyA jA sakatA unake sAtha mahakAra kA prayoga karanA ve apane kula kI striyoM aura bhujAmoM se kamAI huI pRthvI murkhatA hai| bharatezvara umra meM bar3e haiM kintu bUDhA hAthI ko chor3akara bAkI saba kucha de sakate hai| dhIra vIra puruSa siMha ke bacce kI barAbarI nahIM kara sktaa|' yaha ThIka hai prANa dekara bhI mAna kI rakSA karate haiM kyoMki mAnapUrvaka ki bar3A bhAI pUjya hotA hai kintu jisane sira para talavAra kamAyA hupA yaza hI saMsAra kI zobhA hai| prataH apane rakha chor3I hai use praNAma karanA kahA kI rIti hai ? bhaga- cakravartI se jAkara kaha denA ki yA to pRthvI kA upabhoga bAna ne hama donoM ko rAjya pada diyA thaa| yadi bharata bharata karegA yA maiM hI upabhoga kruugaa"| hama donoM kA lobha meM par3akara rAjA bananA cAhatA hai to bhale hI baneM, jo kucha hogA vaha yuddha bhUmi meM hI hogaa| itanA kahakara parantu hama to apane surAjya meM rahakara rAjA hI banA svAbhimAnI vAhubalI ne dUta ko vidA kara diyA aura rahanA pasanda karate haiN| vaha hame bacco ke samAna phusalA- yuddha kI taiyArI karane kA Adeza diyaa| udhara jaba dUta kara aura hama se praNAma karavAkara bhUmi kA Tukar3A denA ke mukha se bAhubalI kA nirNaya jJAta hamA to bharata ne bhI cAhatA hai kintu bharata kA diyA huA vaha bhUmi khaNDa apanI senA ke sAtha podanapura ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| hamAre lie khalI ke Tukar3e ke samAna hai / ' manasvI puruSa donoM pora kI senAeM raNabhUmi me prA ddttii| aura donoM apanI bhujAmro ke parizrama se prApta alpa phala me hI hI pakSa ke yoddhA apanI apanI senA kI vyUha racanA karane santuSTa rahate hai| jo puruSa rAjA hokara bhI apamAna se meM jaTa gaye / malina vibhUti ko svIkAra karatA hai, vaha nara pazu hai aura idhara maMtrIgaNa vicAra vimarza meM lage hue the / unakA unakI vibhati eka bhAra hai| mAnabhaga karAkara prApta huI kahanA thA ki krUra graho ke samAna donoM kA yuddha zAnti ke bhoga sampadA meM anurakta manuSya, manuSya nahI kintu pazu lie nahIM hai / donoM hI carama zarIrI hai| prata: yuddha se hai| muni bhI jaba svAbhimAna kA parityAga nahI karate ina dono ko koI kSati nahIM ho sktii| kintu donoM taba rAjapuruSa kaise apanA abhimAna chor3a sakatA hai| hI pakSa ke yoddhA vyathaM meM mAre jaayeNg| bhISaNa nara sahAra bana meM jAkara rahanA acchA hai aura prANo kA parityAga hogA, aisA vicAra kara donoM hI pakSa ke matriyoM ne apane karanA bhI acchA hai kintu svAbhimAnI puruSa ke lie svAmI kI anumati lekara unake sAmane yaha vicAra rakkhA kisI kA dAsa honA acchA nahI hai| pitA jI ke dvArA ki niSkAraNa nara sahAra karane se baDA adharma hogA aura dI huI hamAre kula kI yaha pRthvI bharata ke lie bhAI kI loka me apayaza phailegaa| balAbala kI parIkSA to anya strI ke samAna hai| jaba vaha use lenA hI cAhatA hai to prakAra se bhI ho sakatI hai| ataH pApa donoM bhAI tIna kyA use lajjA nahI paatii| jo manuSya svataMtra hai aura prakAra kA yuddha kreN| aura jisakI parAjaya ho vaha bhakuTi 3. jyeSTha: praNamya ityetatkAmayastvanyadA sdaa| 8. dUta tAtavitIrNA no mahImenA kulocitAm / mUrdhanyAropitakhaDgasya praNAma iti ka: kramaH // 35-107 bhrAtRjAyAmivA''ditso: nAsyalajjA bhavatpateH / / 4. bAlAnivacchalAdasmAn pAhUya praNamya ca / prA. pu. 35-34 piNDIkhaNDa yuvA bhAti mahIkhaNDastadarpitaH / / 35-111 6. deyamanyat svatantreNa yathAkAmaM jigiissunnaa| 5. svedAImaphala ilAdhyaM yatkiJcana manasvinAm / muktvA kulakalatraM ca kSmAtalaM ca bhujAjitam / / na cAturantamayyazyaM parabhrUlatikAphalam / / 35-112 prA. pu. 35-35 6. prAdipurANa 5-117. 7.vara banAdhivAso'pi varaM prANa visarjanam / 10. bhUyastadalamAlapya sa vA bhuktA mahItalam / kulAbhimAninaH puMso na parAzA viSeyatA // ciramekAtapatrAGkam prahaM vA mujavikramI / / mA. bu. 35-18 bhA. pu. 35-36

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gommaTezvara bAhubalI 73 TeDhI kiye binA sahana kre| bhAI bhAI kA yahI dharma hai| hokara nIti anIti kA vicAra na kara bAhubalI para cakra saba rAjAmoM aura matriyoM ke prAgraha se dono bhAiyo ne calA diyaa| kintu devopunIta astra vaza ghAta nahI krte| isa vicAra ko svIkAra kiyaa| turanta hI senA meM yaha prata caka ne bAhubalI ke pAsa jAkara usakI pradakSiNA ghoSaNA kara dI gaI ki dRSTi yuddha, jala yuddha aura bAhu kI aura tejahIna hokara vahIM Thahara gyaa| usa samaya yada (mallayuddha) me dono me se jo vijayI hogA vahI donoM pakSa ke pramaya pramakha rAjAmo ne bAhabali kI jayalakSmI kA svAmI mAnA jaavegaa| prazasA karate hue unakA khUba Adara satkAra kiyaa| mApane isa ghoSaNA ke bAda donoM ora ke pramukha-pramukha purupa . khUba parAkrama dikhalAyA aisA uccasvara se kahate hue bAhu. apane apane svAmI ke sAtha dono ora baiTha gye| sabase balI ne bharata ko kandhe se dhIre se utArA / pahale daSTi yuddha hayA, usame bAhubalI vijayI hue| apane usa samaya bAhabalI ne apane ko bar3A anubhava kiyA, svAmI kI vijaya se hapita ho vAhubalI ko senA jayaghopa kintu ghaTanAcaka ne unheM vicAra sAgara meM nimagna kara karane lagI, taba pramukha puruSoM ne rokakara maryAdA ko diyA / ve socane lage, dekho, hamAre bar3e bhAI ne isa nazvara rakSA kii| . rAjya ke lie kaisA lajjAjanaka kArya kiyA hai| yaha isake bAda donoM bhAI jala yuddha karane ke lie sarovara rAjya kSaNabhagura hai aura usa vyabhicAriNI strI ke samAna me utare aura apanI lambI bhujAnoM se eka dUsare para pAnI hai, jo eka svAmI ko chor3akara anya ke pAsa calI jAtI phaikane lage / bharata se bAhubalI lambe the| prataH bharata ke hai| yaha rAjya prANiyoM ko chor3a detA hai| parantu avivekI dvArA phaikA gayA pAnI bAhubalI ke vizAla vakSasthala se prANI ise nahIM chodd'te| bhAI ko parigraha kI cAha ne TakarA kara aise lauTatA thA jaise parvata se TakarAkara samudra andhA kara diyA hai aura ahaMkAra ne unake viveka ko bhI kI lahara loTa pAnI hai, aura bAhuvanI ke dvArA uchAlA dara bhagA diyA hai| para dekho. daniyA me fatar free gayA pAnI bharata ke mukha, pAkha, nAka aura kAnoM meM bhara sthira rahA hai ? prahakAra kI ceSTA kA daMDa hI to apamAna jAtA thaa| ataH jalayuddha me bhI bharata parAjita hue| hai| tumhe rAjya kI icchA hai to lo ise samhAlI aura jo bAhubalI ke senA ne punaH jayaghoSa kiyaa| usa gaddI para baiThe use apane kadamoM meM jhatA lii| usa pazcAt donoM nara zArdUla bAhuyuddha ke lie raMgabhUmi meM rAjya sattA ko dhikkAra hai, jo nyAya anyAya kA viveka utre| donoM ne hAtha milAye, tAla ThoMkI, paMtare badale bhulA detI hai / pora insAna ko haivAna banA detI hai| aba maura phira mApasa meM bhir3a gye| sahasA bAhubalI ne cakra- maiM isa rAjya tyAga kara prAtma-sAdhanA kA anuSThAna karanA vartI bharata ko daboca liyA aura unheM eka hAtha se uThA- cAhatA huuN| bharata ko buddhi bhraSTa ho gaI hai vaha isa nazvara kara palAtcakra ke samAna ghumA ddaalaa| bAhubalI cAhate rAjya ko pravinazyara mAnatA hai| to cakravartI ko jamIna paTaka sakate the| kintu unhoMne bAhubalI jyoM jyo apane bar3e bhAI kI nIcatA kA mAkhira bar3e bhAI haiM unakI pada maryAdA kA vicAra kara vicAra karate tyoM tyoM unhe ghora kaSTa hotA thaa| mana meM vasA nahIM kiyA, aura cakravartI ko apane kandhe para baiThA vaha bharata se bone-rAjadheSTha ! kSaNa bhara ke lie apanI liyaa| usa samaya bAhabalI ke pakSa meM tumala jayaghoSa ko chor3a kara merI bAta suno -- tumane prAja bar3A dummAhama humA / paura bharata ke pakSa ke rAjAmoM ne lajjA se apane kiyA hai jo mere isa abhedya zarIra para cakra kA prahAra sira jhukA diye| kiyA hai| jaise vana ke bane parvata ko vana kI kucha hAni donoM pakSoM ke sAmane hue apamAna se bharasa krodha se nahIM pahuMcatI vaise hI terA yaha cakra merA bAla bhI bAMza andhA ho gyaa| nidhiyoM ke svAmI usa bharata ne bAhubalI nahIM kara sktaa| dUsare tumane jo apane bhAiyo kA ghara kI parAjaya karane ke lie zatru samUha kA vinAza karane ujAr3a kara rAjya prApta karanA cAhA hai usase tumane khuna kAle sudarzana cakra rana kA smaraNa kiyA, aura vivekahIna dharma bhora yaza kamAyA hai| prAne vAlI pIr3hiyA kahamI,

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74, varSa 26, ki02 anekAnta ki prAvi brahmA RSabhadeva ke jyeSTha putra cakravartI bharata ne unakI samatA aura ahiMsA kI pratiSThA se jAti virodhI apane kula kA acchA uddhAra kiyA thaa| pApa se sanI huI jIva siMha hiraNAdika apanA vara bhAva chor3akara usa parvata jisa rAjya lakSmI ko tU avinAzI samajhatA hai, vaha tujhe para nirbhaya hokara vicaraNa karate the| indriyajaya paura ho mubArika ho| maba vaha mere yogya nahI hai| aba maiM tapa parISahajaya se unake vipula karmoM kI nirjarA ho rahI thii| rUpI lakSmI ko svIkAra karanA cAhatA huuN| mujhase jo unhone kSamA se krodha ko jItA thA ahakAra ke tyAga se mArAdha humA ho, use kSamA kro| maiM apanI cacalatA ke mAna ko, saralatA se mAyA ko aura santoSa se lobha para kAraNa vinaya ko bhUla baiThA, isakA mujhe kheda hai| vijaya prApta kI thii"| mAhAra, bhaya, maithana aura parigraha bAhubalI kI isa udAra vANI ko sunakara cakravartI rUpa cAra sajJAmo para vijaya prApta kI thii| satata jAgaruka santapta hRdaya kucha zItala humA, aura vaha apane duSkRtya ke paura svarUpa meM sAvadhAna rahane se kaSAyarUpI nora unakI lie pazcAtApa karane lgaa| usane bAhubalI kI bahuta ratnatraya nidhi (samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyak cAritra) anunaya vinaya kI, parantu bAhubalI apane saMkalpa se raca- ko nahI carA sake the| tapazcaraNa se unhe aNimAmAtra bhI vicalita nahIM hue| aura apane putra mahAbalI mahimAdi aneka RddhiyAM prApta ho gaI thii| krIDArtha pAI ko rAjya dekara virakta ho vana me jAkara tapasyA karane huI vidyAriyAM kabhI kabhI unake zarIra para lagI huI lage / unhone sarva parigraha kA parityAga kara eka varSa mAdhavIlatA ko haTA detI thii"| tapazcaraNa se unakA kA pratimAyoga dhAraNa kiyA / bAhubalI ne eka zarIra atyanta kRza ho gayA thA kintu prAtmateja camaka varSa taka eka hI sthAna meM sthita hokara ghora tapazcaraNa rahA thaa| tapazcaraNa aura dhyAna kevala unakI tapa-zakti kiyA unakA tapasvI jIvana bar3A hI kaThora rahA hai| bar3ha gaI thI aura lezyA bhI zukla ho gaI thii| eka varSa ve eka varSa meM bhUkha, pyAsa, zIta-uSNa, daMza mazaka kA upavAsa samApta hote hI bharateza ne prAkara unake mAdi vividha parISahoM ko sahana karate hue apane zuddha caraNoM kI pUjA kii| pUjA karate hI unhe bodhilAbhacaitanya bhAva meM tanmaya rahe / varSA sardI garmI mAdi kevala jJAna kI prApti ho gii| bAhubalI ke citta meM RtanoM meM hone vAle vividha kaSTo kI paravAha na karate hue zalya kA jo koI sUkSma aza pravaziSTa thA usake dUra hote zama bhAva meM rahe haiN| unakI dRSTi meM mAna apamAna, sukha- hI ve pUrNa jJAnI hI gye| bharata ne unake kevalajJAna kI duHkha jIvana-maraNa, ghana-ghAnya, kacana aura kAca Adi pUjA kI paura devAdikoM ne bhI pUjA kii| unhoMne aneka sabhI padArthoM meM samatA rahI hai| unake isa tapasvI jIvana dezoM meM vihAra kiyA aura janatA ko sanmArga kA upadeza me mAdhavI latAe bAhano se lipaTa gaI thI, aura sarpo ne diyaa| praura kailAza parvata para jAkara svAtmopalabdhi ko caraNo ke nIce vAmiyAM banA lI thI aura ve sarpa unake prApta kiyA-siddha paramAtmA bana ge| zarIra para car3ha jAte the, jisase ve bhayaMkara pratIta hone lage bAhubalI kI mUrti the| vidyAdhariyoM ne mAdhavI latA ke pattoM ko tor3a diyA bAhubalI kI pAvana smRti meM cakravartI samrAT bharata thA jisase ve sUkha kara unake caraNoM meM gira par3e the| ne podanapura me bAhubalI kI samunnata suvarNAkita prazAnta 11. parISahajayAdasya vipulA nirjarAbhavat / vallIruddhaSTayAmAsuH muneH sarvAGgasaGginI // karmaNo nirjaropAyaH parISahajayaH paraH // 36-128 mA. pu. 36-183 krodhaM titikSayA mAnam utsekaparivarjanaH / 14. ityupArUDhaM sadhyAnabalodbhUtatapobalaH / mAyAmRjatayA lobhaM santoSeNa jigIyasaH / / 126 sa lezyAzuddhimAskandana zukladhyAnonmukho'bhavat / / 12. kaSAya taskaranasyi hRtaM ratnatrayaM dhanam / vatsarAnazamasyAnte bharatezena pUjitaH / satataM jAgarUkasya bhUyo bhUyo'pramAdyataH // 36 // 136 sa bheje paramajyotiH kevalAkhyaM yadakSayam // 3. vidyAparyaH kadAcicca krIDAhetorupAgatAH / mAdipurANa 36, 14-185

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gommaTezvara bAhubalI bhavya mUrti kA nirmANa karAyA thA, parantu vaha kukkuTa so pakravartI ne pabalAvi siddhAnta granthoM kA sAra lekara racA se vyApta ho jAne ke kAraNa durgama ho gaI thii| isa kAraNa thaa| usakA darzana pUjana karanA janatA ko durlabha ho gayA thaa| gommaTa jinasena tAtparya neminAtha bhagavAn kI eka jaba yaha samAcAra cAmuNDarAya ko jJAta hupA to usane bhI hasta pramANa indra nIlamaNi kI usa mUrti se hai, jise cAma. bAhubalI kI vizAla mUrti kA nirmANa kraayaa| jo NDarAya ne banavA kara apanI vasati me candragiri parvata para dakSiNa bhArata kA nivAsI thA, aura jisakA gharU nAma virAjamAna kiyA thA, kintu vaha aba vahAM para nahIM hai| gommaTa thA, aura rAjamalla dvArA pradatta 'rAya' unakI mora dakSiNa kukkuTa jinase abhiprAya bAhubalI kI usa upAdhi thii| isa kAraNa cAmuNDarAya gommaTarAya kahe jAte vizAla mUrti se hai jo vindhyagiri para cAmuNDarAya dvArA the| jaisA ki gommaTasAra jIvakANDa ke-'so rAmro pratiSThita kI gaI hai, aura jo uttara pradeza podanapura meM gommaTo jayau' vAkya se spaSTa hai| cAmuNDarAya brahma- bharata cakravartI dvArA nirmita bAhubalI kI usa zarIrAkRti kSatriya vaMza ke bhUSaNa the, vIra pratApI aura dharmaniSTha the| mUrti se bhinna hai, tathA kukkuTa sarpo se vyApta ho gaI thii| vaha gaMgavaMzI rAjA rAjamalla ke pradhAna matrI aura senApati usase bhinnatA dyotana karane ke lie hI dakSiNa kukkuTa the| vaha parAkramI, zatrujayI, dRr3ha nizcayI, sAhasI aura vizeSaNa lagAyA gayA hai| vIra yoddhA thaa| usane aneka yuddhoM me vijaya zrI prApta kI cAmuNDarAya dvArA nirmita yaha divya mUrti 57 phuTa thii| isI se samara dhuraMdhara, vIra mArtaNDa, raNaraMga siMha, UMcI hai| prazAnta kalAtmaka aura cittAkarSaka hai| itanI bhaja vikrama aura vairI kula kAladaNDa Adi aneka upA vizAla aura sundara kRti mUrti anyatra nahIM miltii| dhiyo se samalaMkRta thaa| prAcArya nemicandra siddhAnta cakra zravaNabelagola meM pratiSThApita jagadvikhyAta yaha mUrti advivartI ne gommaTasAra me cAmuNDarAya ko 'guNaratnabhUSaNa' tIya hai| jo dhapa, varSA, sardI, garmI paura mAMdhI mAdi kI aura samyaktva ratna nilaya batalAyA hai aura gommaTarAya vAghAnoM ko sahate hara bhI avicala sthita hai| matizilpI nAma se bhI ullekhita kiyA hai| isase cAmuNDarAya ke kI kalpanA kA sAkAra rUpa hai| mUrti ke nakha-zikha vaise vyaktitva kI mahattA kA sahaja hI prAbhAsa ho jAtA hai| prakita haiM jaise unakA prAja hI nirmANa humA ho / mUrti jahAM vaha rAjanItijJa thA vahAM vaha vidvAna dharmaniSTha prora ko dekhakara darzaka kI prAMkheM prasannatA se bhara jAtI hai| grantha racayitA bhI thaa| bAhubalI kI yaha mUrti dhyAna avasthA kI hai| bAhubalI ke gommaTasAra karmakANDa kI 168vI gAthA me prAcArya kevala jJAnI hone se pUrva vaha jisa rUpa meM sthita the, mAdhavI nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI ne unakI tIna upalabdhiyoM kA latAmo ne unake bAhupoM ko lapeTa liyA thA aura soM ne ullekha kiyA hai : vAmiyAM banA lI thii| kalAkAra ne usI rUpa ko bhakita kiyA hai| darzaka kI pAkheM usa mUrti ko dekhakara tRpta nahIM gommaTa saMgaha suttaM gommaTa siharuvari gommaTa miNo ya / hotii| usakI bhAvanA use bAra-bAra dekhane kI hotI hai| gommaTarAya viNimmiya dakkhiNa kukkuTa jiNo jyu|| mUti ke darzana se jo prAtmalAbha aura zAnti milatI hai ukta gAthA me gommaTa saMgraha sUtra, gommaTa jina aura vaha zabdoM dvArA vyakta nahIM kI jA sktii| maiM to usa davikhaNa kukkuTa jina, ina tIna kAryoM meM ullekha kiyA mUrti ke darzana se apanA jIvana saphala humA mAnatA huuN| gayA hai| paura cAhatA hUM ki prantima samaya meM isa mUrti kA dazana gommaTa saMgaha suta-gommaTa saMgraha sUtra gommaTasAra mile| mUrti kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha nirAnAma kA grantha hai, jisakA dUsarA nAma paMcasaMgraha bhI hai, varaNa hote hue bhI usa para pakSI bITa nahI karate / hajAroM aura jise cAmuNDarAya ke anurodha se nemicandra siddhAnta videzI jana isa mUrti kA darzana karanA apanA saubhAgya 15. anekAnta varSa 4 ki. 3-4 pR. 226, 263 /

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76, varSa 26, ki.2 anekAnta samajhate haiM / isa mUrti kA nirmANa cAmuNDarAya ke sAtizaya ukta mUrti kA pratiSThA kAla san 181 mAnanA samucita puNya kA pratIka hai| usakI dhavala kIti amara aura cira. jAna par3atA hai"| sthAyI hai| .. mahAkavi ratna ne apanA prajitapurANa zaka saM0 615 mati ke pratiSThA samaya para vicAra san 193 I0 meM samApta kiyA hai| usameM bAhubalI kI bAhubalI kI isa mUrti kI pratiSThA kaba huI, isa para mUrti ko kukkuTezvara likhA hai| gommaTezvara nhii| aura vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| isI purANa ke anusAra prati mamve ne ukta mUrti ke darzana cAmuNDarAya ne apanA cAmuNDapurANa (triSaSThizalAkA' kiye the| isase spaSTa hai ki bAhubalI kI mUrti kI pratiSThA puruSacarita) zaka saMvat 60060 san 978 me banA kara san 663 se pUrva ho cukI thii| usa samaya taka usakI samApta kiyA hai| usa samaya taka vAhubalI kI mUrti kA prasiddhi kukkuTezvara thI / gommaTezvara aura gommaTa svAmI nirmANa nahI huA thA, anyathA usakA ullekha ukta grantha 1 ke nAma se nahIM thii| meM avazya humA hotA / kintu usameM koI ullekha nahIM hai| gommaTasAra kI racanA bAhubalI kI mUrti kI pratiSThA isase spaSTa hai ki usa samaya taka mUrti kA nirmANa nahIM hai ke bAda huI hai, kyoMki usame mUrti ko gommaTezvara, gommaTa humA thaa| bAhubali carita me gommeTezvara kI mUrti kI na deva jaise nAmoM se ullekhita kiyA hai aura cAmuNDarAya kI dara pratiSThA kA ullekha nimna prakAra pAyA jAtA hai : prazaMsA karate hue unhe gommaTa rAya, gommaTa batalAyA hai kalkyam SaT zatAkhye vinatavibhava saMvatsare mAsi caMtre, aura unake jayavaMta hone kI kAmanA kI hai| isase cAmupaJcamyAM zukla pakSe dinamaNi divase kumbha lagne suyoge / NDarAya ke gommaTa nAma kI prasiddhi huI hai, jo unakA gharU saubhAgye mastanAmni prakaTita bhagaNe saptazastAM cakAra / nAma thaa| unhI ke nAma ke kAraNa mati gommaTezvara gommaTa deva nAma se khyAta huii| zrI cAmuNDa rAjo belagulanagare gomaTezapratiSThAm / / prAcArya jinasena ne bhagavAn bAhubalI kI stuti karate ____ isa padya se spaSTa hai ki kalki saM0600 vibhava savatsara hae likhA hai ki jo zItakAla meM barpha se Dhake hue Uce meM caitra zuklA paMcamI ravivAra ko kumbha lagna saubhAgyayoga, zarIra ko dhAraNa karate hue parvata ke samAna prakaTa hote the| mRgazirA nakSatra meM cAmuNDarAya ne belagula nagara me gommaTeza varSA Rtu meM navIna megho ke jala samUha se prakSAlita hote kI mUrti kI pratiSThA karAI thii| kintu isa tithi ke the- bhIgate rahate the, aura nIma kAla me sUrya kI kiraNo sambandha me vidvAno me matabheda pAyA jAtA hai / mi0 ghoSAla ke tApa ko sahana karate the, ve bAhubalI sadA jayavata ho| ne vahadravya sagraha kI apanI agrejI prastAvanA me ukta sa jayati himakAle yo himAnI parItaM, tithi ko 2 maprela san 680 me mAnA hai| aura zrI vapuzcala ivoccavibhravAvirbabhUva / govinda pa ne 13 mArca san 681 me svIkRta kiyA hai| navadhanasalilodharyazca dhauto'ndakAle, DA. hIrAlAla jI ne 23 mArca san 1028 me ukta tithi kharaghaNikiraNAnayyaSNakAle viSehe / / 36-511 ko ThIka ghaTita honA batalAyA hai| paura zyAma zAstrI ne jina bAhubalI ne antaraGga-bahiraGga zatruoM para vijaya 3 mArca san 1028 ko ukta tithi ke ghaTita hone kA prApta kara lI hai, bar3e-bar3e yogirAja hI jinakI mahimA nirdeza kiyA hai| jAna sakate hai aura jo pUjya puruSoM ke dvArA bhI pUjanIya DA0 nemicandra jI jyotiSAcArya ne bhAratIya jyotipa hai aise ina yogirAja bAhubalI ko jo puruSa apane hRdaya me kI gaNanA ke anusAra vibhava saMvatsara caitra zuklA pacamI smaraNa karatA hai usakA antarAtmA zAnta ho jAtA aura ravivAra ko magazirA nakSatra kA yoga 13 mArca san 181 vaha zIghra hI jinendra bhagavAn kI ajayya vijaya lakSmI me ghaTita honA pragaTa kiyA hai / tathA anya graho kI sthiti ko prApta hotA hai| jo bAhabalI ke guNo kA zAnta bhAva bhI isI dina samyak ghaTita hotI batalAI hai| prataeva zepa pRSTha 86 para 16. jaina siddhAnta bhASkara bhAga tha kiraNa 4 pR.

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sarvajJatA D DA. devendrakumAra zAstro, nomakSa aitihAsika mahApuruSa varddhamAna kA janma videha ke jIta kara ve kevalajJAnI bane the| nirdoSa cAritra kA kuNDapura meM I pU. 566 me huprA thaa| unake jIvana kA bhalI pAlana karane vAle ve paTala puruSa prAtmasvarUpa meM sthira the| bhAMti adhyayana karane para yaha patA calatA hai ki dArzanika sarvotkRSTa pradhyAtmavidyA ke pAragAmI, samasta parigrahoM ke jagata me bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mAnyatA kA pramukha kAraNa tyAgI, nirbhaya mRtyujaya eva ajara-amara the|' jinake sarvajJatA kI upalabdhi thii| kevala aitihAsika puruSa hone kevalajJAnI rUpI ujjavata darpaNa me loka-praloka pratike kAraNa tathA dharmapracAraka, prasAraka va netA hone se hI bimbita hote hai tathA jo vikasita kamala ke samAna koI zata-sahasrAbdiyoM taka pUjya nahIM ho sktaa| vibhinna samujjavala hai ve mahAvIra bhagavAna jayavanta hoN|' prAcArya mato kI sthApanA karane vAle bhI aneka prAcArya tathA hemacandra sUri zrI varddhamAna jinendra kI stuti karate hue vidvAna hae / kintu una me se kitane nAma aAja hama kahate hai-manantajJAna ke dhAraka, doSo se rahita, abAdhya jAnate hai ? bhAratIya saMskRti meM tyAga aura tapasyA ke siddhAMta se yukta, devoM se bhI pUjya, vItarAga, sarvajJa evaM parama prAdarza paramAtmA kA hI pratidina nAma-smaraNa kiyA hitopadeziyo me mukhya aura svayammU zrI varddhamAna jinendra jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra aise hI paramAtmA hue, jo kI stuti hetu meM prayatna kruugaa| sabhI prakAra ke doSo tathA bandhanoM se rahita eva parama guNoM sarvajJa kA artha se sahita the| paramAtmA ke hI anya nAma hai-- jJAnI, jo saba ko jAnatA hai, vaha sarvajJa hai| 'sarvajJa' zabda ziva, parameSThI, sarvajJa, viSNu, brahmA, buddha, karmayukta kA prayoga prAyaH do arthoM meM kiyA jAnA hai| padArtha ke mUla praatmaa| kintu vibhinna darzano me ina zabdo kI nirukti tattva ko jAnanA, samAna cetanA sampanna prANiyo me vahI eva vyAkhyA alaga-alaga rUpo meM kI gaI hai| isalie jIva tattva hai jo hama meM hai, isaliye apane pApa kA jAna prAya. eka darzana kA jJAtA dUsare darzana ko samajhate samaya lene kA artha una sabhI jIvoM ko jAna lenA hai| isa artha apanI mAnyatApro eva pUrvagraha ke anusAra apanI-apanI ke anusAra sabhI padArthoM ko jAnanA dekhanA prabhISTa nahI kasauTiyo para dUsaro ko kasane kA prayatna karate hai jisase hai, kintu tattva ko jAnanA, dekha lenA hI saba ko jAnanA unake sAtha nyAya nahIM ho paataa| dekha lenA hai| kahA bhI jAtA hai ki 'yat piNDe tat prazna yaha hai ki mahAvIra sarvaja the yA nhiiN| jana brahmANDe' meM vyApta hai| vaise isa sAre saMsAra kA vizada mAgama granthoM meM pUrNa jJAna se viziSTa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jJAna prApta karanA sambhava nahI hai. isaliye piNDa meM vyApta stavana kiyA gayA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra saba padArthoM ke tattva kA jJAna prApta kara lene se sAre brahmANDa kA jJAna jJAtA. draSTA the| kAma krodhAdi ke antaraMga zatruoM ko ho jAtA hai| jainAgama ke vacana haiM1. "vavagayaprasesa doso sayalaguNappA have atto|" 4. so jayai jassa kevalaNANujjaladapaNammi loyAloya / masAra, 1, 5 puDha paDibimba dosai vipasiyasayavatagamaga uro vIro / / 2. NANI siva para meTThI savvaNhUM viNDa caumuho buddho| -jayaghavalA appo vi ya paramappo kammavimukko ya hoi phuDa // 5. anantavijJAnamatIta doSabAdhyasiddhAntamamayaM pUjyam / --bhAvapAhuDa, 151 zrIvarddhamAna jinamAptamurUpa svarambhuva stotumaha yatiSye / 3. sUtrakRtAMga, 1, 1, 1 / -syAdvAdamajarI, 1

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78, vaya 26, ki0 2 anekAnta "je egaMjANai se savvaM jANai jAte haiN| isa liye isa jJAna meM kisI prakAra kA aMtarAla je savva jANai se ega jANai" nahIM pdd'taa|" isa prakAra janadarzana ne sadA hI trikAla (prAcArAMgasUtra 1, 3, 4, 122) aura trilokavartI samasta dravyo kI samasta paryAyo ke bhAcArya kundakunda ke vacano kA bhI yahI sAra hai jo pratyakSa darzana ke artha me sarvajJatA mAnI hai|" indriyajanya mAtmA ko jAnatA hai, vaha saba ko jAnatA hai aura jo jJAna to jagata ke sabhI sajJI jIvoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / saba ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha eka prAtmA ko bhI nahI jAnatA kintu yadi marvajJa ko na mAnA jAya to phira mIndriya jo jAnatA hai. vaha jJAna hai aura jo jJAyaka hai, vahI jJAna jJAna kise hotA hai| prAva sabhI tIroM tathA jina hai| jIva jJAna hai aura trikAlasparzI dravya jJeya hai / yadi kevaliyoM ko sarvajJa, sarvadargI mAnA gayA hai / " jina ko mAtmA paura jJAna ko sarvathA bhinna mAnA jAe, to hameM pUrNa jJAna upalabdha ho jAne para indira, krapa aura vyava. apane hI jJAna se apanI hI prAtmA kA jJAna nahI ho dhAna rahita tIno lokoM ke sampUrNa dravyoM aura paryAyoM kA skegaa| mAtmA jJAna-pramANa hai aura jJAna jJeyapramANa kahA pratyakSa jJAna prakaTa ho jAtA hai, ve kevalI kahe jAte haiM / gayA hai| jJeya lokAloka hai, isaliye jJAna sarva vyApaka para ke dvArA hone vAlA jo padArtha sambandhI jJAna hai, vaha hai|' yadi prAtmA jJAna se hIna ho, to vaha jJAna pracetana parokSa hai aura kevala jIva ke dvArA jJAta jJAna pratyakSa hai|" hone se nahIM jAnegA / isaliye janadarzana me prAtmA ko mana, indriya, paropadeza upalabdhi, saskAra tayA prakAza jJAnasvabhAva kahA gayA hai / jJAna kI bhAti prAtmA sarvagata Adi para hai / isalie inakI sahAyatA se hone vAlA jJAna hai| jinavara sarvagata hai aura jagata ke saba padArtha jinavara- parokSa hai| kevala prAtmasvabhAva ko hI kAraNa rUpa se gata hai| kyoki jinavara jJAnamaya hai (pUrNajJAnI hai) aura pratyakSa jJAna kA sAdhaka kahA gayA hai| sabhI padArtha jJAna ke viSaya hai isaliye jinavara ke viSaya DA0 ramAkAnta tripAThI ke zabdoM me 'sarvajJatA' zabda tathA sarva padArtha jinavaragata hai|' sarvajJa bhagavAna kA jJAna kA prayoga do arthoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai-(1) pratyeka indriyoM se utpanna humA kSayopazama jJAna rUpa nahIM hai, kintu vastu ke sAra (mUla tattva) ko jAna lenA sarvajJatA hai, jaise pratIndriya jJAna hai / ataH indriyoM kI apekSA na hone meM vaha brahma pratyeka vastu kA sAra hai, aisA jAna lenA pratyeka vastu kevalajJAna-krama kI apekSA nahI rkhtaa| sarvajJa ke jJAna ko jAna lenA hai aura yahI sarvajJatA hai| (2) pratyeka me sabhI jJeya padArtha yugapat pratibimbita hote hai| kevalI vastu ke viSaya meM vistRta jJAna prApta karanA sarvajJatA hai| bhagavAna ke jJAnavaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa dono hI karmo kA mImAsaka dUsare prakAra kI sarvajJatA kA niSedha karate hai| vinAza ho jAne se jJAna aura darzana eka sAtha utpanna ho unake anusAra puruSa apanI sImita zaktiyo ke kAraNa 6. damba aNatapajjayamegamaNatANi davya jAdAgi / 10. praSTasahasrI, prathama paricchada, kArika / 3 Na bijANAdi jadi jagava kigha so savANijANAdi / 11. jo jANadi paccazva tiyAla-guNa-pajjaehi sajata / ---pravacanasAra, 46 loyAloya sayala so satraha have devo // tathA-eko bhAvaH sarvathA yena dRSTa. -kAtikeyAnuprekSA, 302 12. vahI, 303 / sarve bhAvAH sarvathA tena dRSTA / 13. se bhagava parahaM jiNe kevalI samvanna savvabhAvadarisI sarve bhAvAH sarvathA yena dRSTA savvaloe savva jIvANa jANamANo pAsamANe eva ca eko bhAvaH sarvathA tena dRSTaH / / NaM vihr|" -prAcArAMgasUtra, 2, 3 -pramANanayatatvAlokAlakAra, 4,11 tathA-'tajjyati paraMjyotiH sama samastairanantaparyAyaH / 7. pravacanasAra, gAthA 35, 36 / darpaNatala iva sakalA pratiphaliti padArthamAlikA yatra / 8. vahI, 23 // -puruSArtha0,1 9. vahI, 26 / 14. pravacanasAra, gA058 /

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sarvajJatA sarvajJa nahIM ho sktaa| yahAM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki kucha cAhie ? vyaktiyo ke viSaya me sarvajJatA kA niSedha kiyA jA sakatA jainadarzana kA pratipAdana spaSTa hai ki kisI eka hai, kintu saba ke viSaya meM sarvajJatA kA niSedha nahI kiyA padArtha kA sampUrNa rUpa se jJAna prApta kiye binA sampUrNa jA sakatA / kyoki saba ke viSaya me sarvajJatA kA niSedha padArthoM kA jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| yaha kahanA ThIka nahI hai sarvajJa hI kara sakatA hai|" kisI puruSa dvArA sampUrNa ki manuSya ke rAga, dveSa kabhI vinaSTa nahIM hote| jo padArthoM kA pratyakSa jJAna karane me mImAMgako ko koI padArtha eka deza meM naSTa hote haiM, ve sarvathA vinaSTa bhI ho grApatti nahIM hai, kintu dharma kA jJAna vedo se hI ho / jAte hai| jisa prakAra meghoM ke paTaloM kA mAMzika nAza sakatA hai| prataH purupa sarvajJa ho sakatA hai ; dharmajJa nhii|" se unakA sarvathA vinAza bhI hotA hai, uso prakAra rAga kintu janadarzana me dharmajJatA aura sarvajJatA me koI atara sAta kA pAkSika RITone meM jamA bhI nium nahIM mAnA gayA hai| sarvajJa hone para dharmajJatA svayameva / ho jAtA hai| pratyeka prANI ke rAga, dveSa prAdi se pratiphalita ho jAtI hai| dharmajJatA sarvajJatA me antarbhUta hai| doSoM kI hInAdhikatA dekhI jAtI hai| kaivalyopalabdhi para sarvajJa-siddha pumpa ke sampUrNa doSa naSTa ho jAte hai| prataeva bItarAga zabara, kumArila prAdi mImAsako kA kathana hai ki / bhagavAna sarvajJa hai| gaga, dvepa va moha ke kAraNa manuSya dharma pratIndriyArtha hai / use hama pratyakSa se nahI jAna sakate / asatya bolate hai| jisake rAga, dveSa aura moha kA kyoMki puruSa meM rAga, dveSa prAdi dopa pAe jAte hai| dharma abhAva hai, vaha puruSa asatya vacana nahIM kaha sakatA sarvaja ke viSaya me kevala veda hI pramANa hai|" mImAMsakoM kA kA jJAna sarvotkRSTa hotA hai| jisa taraha sUkSma padArtha yaha bhI kathana hai ki sarvaja kI pratyakSa Adi pramANoM se (indriyoM se ajJeya) jana sAdhAraNa ke pratyakSa nahI hote upalabdhi nahI hotI, isaliye usakA prabhAva mAnanA kintu anumeya avazya hote haiN| hamAre pratyakSa jJAna se caahie| mImAMsaka pahale nahI jAne hue padArthoM ko bAhya paramANu prAdi anumeya hone se kisI na kisI ke jAnane ko pramANa mAnate hai| prabhAkara mata vAle pratyakSa pratyakSa avazya hote hai| isI prakAra candra aura sUrya ke anumAna, zabda, upamAna aura arthApatti tathA kumArila grahaNa ko batAne vAle jyotiSazAstra kI satyatA prAdi bhaTTa inake sAtha grabhAva ko bhI pramANa mAnate hai / vaizeSika se bhI sarvajJa kI siddhi hotI hai| kevala sUkSma hI nahIM, bhI Izvara ko saba padArthoM kA jJAtA nahIM mAnate / unakA antarita aura dUravartI padArthoM ko bhI hama anumAna se mata hai ki Izvara saba padArthoM ko jAne yA na jAne, kintu jAnate hai| ataH ina padArthoM ko sAkSAta jAnane vAlA vaha iSTa padArtho ko jAnatA hai, itanA hI paryApta hai| puruSa sarvajJa hai|" prAcArya vidyAnandi ne vistAra meM sarvajJa yadi Izvara kIr3e-makor3o kI saMkhyA ginane baiThe, to vaha kI mImAsA karate hue sarvajJa-siddhi kI hai| unakA kathana hamAre kisa kAma kA ? ataH Izvara ke upayogI jJAna hai ki kisI jIva me doSa aura prAvaraNa kI hAni parikI hI pradhAnatA hai| kyoMki yadi dUra taka dekhane vAle ko pUrNa se ho sakatI hai, kyoki sabhI meM hAni kI atizayata pramANa mAnA jAe, to phira gIdha pakSiyoM kI pUjA karanI (taratamatA) dekhI jAtI hai| jisa prakAra se apane hetupoM 15. prAptamImAMsA-tattvadIpikA kA 'phoravarDa', pR0 21 / kITasarUpAparijJAna tasya naH kvopayujyate / / 16. dharmajJatvaniSedhastu kevalo'tropayujyate / - syAdvAdamaMjarI se uddhRta sarvamanya dvijAnastu puruSaH kena vAryate // -tattvasaMgraha, ' 19. dezato nAzino bhAvA daSTA nikhilanazvarAH / kArikA 3128 (kumArila bhaTTa) draSTavya hai : prApta meghapaGktyAdayo yat evaM rAgAdayo matAH / / -syAdvAdamaMjarI, pR0 263 mImAMsA-tattvadIpikA, pR0 72 20. sUkSmAntaritadUrAH pratyakSA: ksycidythaa| 17. zAbaramASya 1,1,2 / anumeyatvato'gnyAdiritisarvajJasaMsthitiH / / 18. sarva pazyatu vA mA vA tasvamiSTaM tu pazyatu / -mAptamImAMsA, 1, 5

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50 barSa 26, ki02 anekAnta ke dvArA svarNapApANa mAdi me bAma evaM antaraMga mala kA unakI paryAyoM ko samasta rUpa se jAnatA, dekhatA hai| pUrNa prabhAva pAyA jAtA hai|" 'doSAvaraNa' se yahA abhi- jaina darzana ke anusAra samyagdarzana samyagjJAna aura samyakprAya karma rUpa prAvaraNa se bhinna prajJAna rAma dveSAdi hai, cAritra kI samanvita pUrNatA ke sAtha kaivalyopalabdhi hotI jo sva-para pariNAma hetu se hote hai| dharma se bhI sUkSma hai| vyavahAra naya ke anusAra sAta tattvoM tathA una padArthoM padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA dharma-jJAna se kaise baca sakatA hai ? ke zraddhAna kA nAma samyagdarzana hai| saMzaya, viparyaya aura mataH sarvajJa ko dharma jAnane kA niSedha karanA mImAMsakoM anadhyavasAya rahita tathA prAkAra vikalpa sahita jaisA kA ko ucita nahIM hai| saMkSesa meM. sarvajJa bhagavAna kA jJAna tasA jAnanA samyagjJAna hai| azubha kriyAnoM se nivRta indriya aura mana kI apekSA se rahita pratyakSajJAna siddha hai| honA aura zubha kriyAnoM meM pravRtti karanA vyavahAra. naiyAyikoM ke anusAra yoga vizeSa se utpanna hue anugraha hai| parantu nizcayanaya se ratnatraya prAtmA ko chor3a kara se yogiyoM kI indriyAM paramANu Adi sUkSma padArthoM ko anya dravya me nahI pAyA jaataa| isalie prAtmA meM ruci jAna letI hai| phira, jo parama yogIzvara hai ve sampUrNa honA, prAtmA kA anubhava aura jJAna honA tathA prAtmA me sakSma padArthoM kA jJAna kyoM nahIM prApta kara sakate hai| lIna honA pAramAthika ratnatraya hai| isaliye cAra ghAtiyA paranta sarvajJa kA jJAna sAmAnya pratyakSa indriya aura mana ko kamoM ke naSTa ho jAne para pUrNa jJAnamaya kaivalyopalabdhi apekSA se rahita hai, isaliye paramArtha pratyakSa hai| vaha hote hI vidyA RT ne ta meM lIno mAtmA kA svabhAva tathA pUrNa jJAna kahA gayA hai| use hI hai| dravyAthika daSTi se yahI kahA jA sakatA hai|" pratIndriya pratyakSa bhI kahate hai| 'niyamasAra' meM bhI kahA gayA hai-kevalI bhagavAna kyA prAtmajJa hI sarvajJa hai ? vyavahAra dRSTi se sabhI dravyoM ko unakI guNa, paryAyoM prAcArya kundakunda kA kathana hai ki jo ahaMnta ko sahita dekhate jAnate hai ; kintu nizcayanaya se prAtmA ko dravya, guNa aura paryAyapane se jAnatA hai, vaha prAtmA ko jAnate, dekhate hai / " vastuta: ina dono kathanoM meM koI jAnatA hai|" prarahata bhagavAna aura apanI vizuddha prAtmA virodha nahI hai| prAcArya siddhasena sUri kahate hai ki mAtra donoM samAna hai| isaliye apanI zuddha pAtmA ko jAnane apane-apane pakSa meM saMlagna sabhI naya mithyAdaSTi hai, vAlA sarvajJa hai| vAstava meM ina me koI bheda nahIM hai| parantu ye hI naya yadi paraspara sApekSa ho to samyak kahe kintu hama prajJAnI loga ina me bheda karate hai / " vastutaH jAte hai| kevala jJAnI sahaja rUpa meM apane Apa kA mAtmA hI kevalajJAnamUrti hai| kevalajJAnI prAtmA sAre nirIkSaNa karate rahate haiN| kSAyika upayogI hone ke kAraNa saMsAra ko aura loka meM rahane vAle chahoM dravyoM tathA kevalajJAnI kA satata prAtmA meM upayoga rahatA hai, usI 21. doSAvaraNayorhAninizzeSAstyatizAyanAt / 25. dravyasaMgraha, 41-42, 43 / kvacidyathA svahetubhyo bahirantarmalakSayaH / / 26. vandhacchedAtkalayadatula mokSa makSayyameta-aSTasahasrI, kArikA 4 / nityodyotasphuTitasahajAvasthamekAntazuddham / 22. dharmAdanyatparijJAtaM viprakRSTa mazeSataH / ekAkArasvarasamaratotyantagambhIradhIra yena tasya kathaM nAma dharmajJatvaM niSedhanam / / pUrNa jJAnaM jvalita macale svasya lInamahimni / / -zlokavAtikAlaMkAra -niyamasArakalaza, 271 23. jo jANadi prarahata dambattaguNattapajjayattehiM / 27. jANAdi passadi savvaM vavahAraNaeNa kevalI bhagava / so jANadi prappANa moho khalujAdi tassalayaM / / kevalaNANI jANAdi passadi NiyameNa prapANa / / --pravacanasAra, gA080 -niyamasAra,156 24. sarvajJavItarAsya svavazasyAsya yoginaH / 28. tamhA samve vi NayA micchAdiTThI spkkhpddibddhaa| na kAmapi midAM vApi tAM vimo hA jaDA vayam / / aNNoNNaNissiyA uNa havaMti sammattasammAvA / / -niyamasArakalaza, 253 (amRtacandrasUri) -sanmatimUtratra, 121

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sarvajJatA samaya para rUpa se anya samasta padArthoM kA jJAna bhI hotA (tatvArthasUtra 1, 26) ke anusAra pratyeka dravya kI ananta hai| kintu chadmastha kA upayoga ekAMgI hotA hai, isaliye paryAya tathA chaho dravyoM kI samasta pravasthAnoM ko kevala. jisa samaya vaha prAtmonmukhI ho kara samAdhinirata hotA jJAna yugapat (eka sAtha) jAnatA hai| kevalajJAna vyApaka hai, usI samaya prAtmanirIkSaNa karatA hai| nirvikalpa rUpa se sabhI jayapadArtho ko yugapat pratyakSa jAnatA hai|" samAdhisthita puruSa hI vizuddha svAtmA kA anubhava karate isaliye yaha kahanA ThIka nahI hai ki sarvajJa ke jJAna meM hai| prAtmA kA nizcayanaya se eka cetanA bhAva svabhAva kevala vartamAna paryAya hI pratyakSa hotI hai, yadi aimA hai| prAtmA ko dekhanA, jAnanA, zraddhAna karanA eva paradravya mAnA jAe ki sarvajJa ke jJAna meM bhUta, bhaviSya ko paryAya se nivRtta honA rUpAntara mAtra hai| prAtmA kA paradravya ke pratyakSa rUpa se prativimbita nahIM hotI, to phira uname sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai| isaliye paradravya kA jJAtA aura alpajJa meM kyA antara raha jAegA? phira, bhatakAla draSTA, zraddhAna-tyAga karane vAlA Adi vyavahAra se kahA kI bAtoM kA jJAna kaI upAyo me kaI rUpo meM jAnA jAtA hai| yahAM yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhane yogya hai ki jIva jAtA hai| ata: bhaviSya kI paryAyoM kA jJAna hone meM kyoM ko jJAna to usake kSayopazama ke anusAra sva aura para kI Apatti honI cAhie ? nizcita hI sarvaja kA jJAna pratIbhata-bhaviSya aura vartamAna kI aneka paryAyoM kA ho sakatA driya hotA hai tathA ananta paryAyoM ko pratyakSa karatA hai| hai, kintu use anubhava usakI vartamAna paryAya kA hI hotA vaha apradeza, sapradeza, mUrta, amUrta, anutpanna eva naSTa hai| jo padArtha kisI jJAna ke jJeya hai, ve kisI na kisI paryAyo ko bhI jAnatA hai|" jJAna ke sarvajatva ko spaSTa ke pratyakSa avazya hai| karate hue kahA gayA hai ki nepa saba kucha hai / java to yahAM sahaja hI yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai ki kyA samasta lokAloka hai| isaliye sabhI prAvaraNoM kA kSaya sarvajJa ke jJAna me asadbhuta paryAya bhI prativimbita hotI hote hI pUrNajJAna saba ko jAnatA hai aura phira kabhI sabake hai ? jo paryAyeM bhaviSya meM hone vAlI hai, jinakA sadabhAva jAnane se cyuta nahI hotA, isIliye jJAna sarvavyApaka hai| nahI hai, ve kaise jJAna kA viSaya bana sakatI hai ? iso janadarzana meM prAtmA jJAnapramANa hai aura jJAna trikAla ke ke sAtha yaha prazna bhI sambaddha hai ki mana eka sAtha saba sarvadravyo ko evaM unakI paryAyo ko jAnane vAlA hone se padArtho ko grahaNa nahIM kara sakatA hai aura krama se saba sarvagata hai|" kevalajAna kA viSaya sarva dravya aura paryAya padArtho kA jJAna banatA nahI hai, kyoMki padArtha ananta hai, hai| kevalajJAnI kevalajJAna utpanna hote hI loka aura isaliye jaba taka yugapat padArtho ko na jAne taba taka aloka dono ko jAnane lagatA hai / " eka dravya ko yA sarvajJa kaise ho sakatA hai ? eka paryAya ko jAnane kI avasthA kevalajJAna ke pUrva kI jaina Agama graMtho meM "sarvadravyaparyAyeSu kevalasya" hai| sAtaveM guNasthAna (prAdhyAtmika bhUmikA) taka dharma 26. 'savaNayapakkharahido bhaNido jo so smysaaro|' palaya gaya ca jANAdi ta NANadidiyaM bhaNiyaM / / -samayasAra, 144 / / -pravacanasAra, 41 31. 'tato ni.zeSAvaraNakSayakSaNa eva lokAlokavibhAgavima TIkA-'samayasAramanubhavanneva nirvikalpasamAdhisthaH ktasamAtavastvAkArapArampA,mya tathaiva--- -puruSadRzyate jJAyate ca.' pratyutatvena vyavasthitatvAna jJAnaM sarvagatama / ' 30. tataHsamantatazcakSurindriyAdyanapekSiNaH / ----pravacanasAra, gA 6 23 kI TIkA / niHzeSadravyaparyAya viSayaM kevalaM sthitam / / 33. savvagado jiNavamaho havve vi ya tagayA jagadi prhaa| -tattvArthazlokavArtika, pR. 353 NaNamayAdo ya jiNo visayAdo tassa te maNiyA / / -pravansAra, 31. apadesaM sapadesa muttamamutta ca pajjayamajAdaM / 34. dazavakAlikasUtra, 4, 22

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82290 2 dhyAna honA hai / bhAThaveM se zukladhyAna prArambha hotA hai / ghATaveM guNasthAna meM pRthaktvavitarka bIcAra nAmaka prathama zukla dhyAna se AtmA meM anantaguNI vizuddhatA hotI hai / kSoNakapAya nAmaka bArahaveM guNasthAna meM ekatvavitarka avicAra nAmaka kA dvitIya SadhyAna hotA hai| saMyogakevalI ke sUkSmakriyApratipAti nAmaka sUnIya dhyAna hotA hai aura prayogakevalI ke vyuparatakriyA nivRtti nAmaka caturtha zukladhyAna hotA hai| zukladhyAna mokSa kA sAkSAta kAraNa hai| dvitIya zukladhyAna meM yogI binA kisI veda ke eka yoga se eka dravya ko yA eka zrRNu ko athavA eka paryAya kA cintana karatA hai / " kevalajJAnI sayogI jisa sUkSma kAyayoga me sthita hokara sUkSma mana, vacana aura zvAsocchavAsa kA nirodha kara jo dhyAna karate haiM, vaha sUkSmakriyA nAmaka tRtIya zukladhyAna hai / " isase hI pUrNajJAna kI upalabdhi hotI hai, jisame yugazta tIna loka va tIna kAla ke dravya, guNa. paryAyo kA eka sAtha jJAna hotA hai / manekAla banA rahatA hai / unhone hame prerita kiyA hai ki nirgranthoM ! pUrvakRta kaTuka karmoM ko durdhara tapa se naSTa kara DAlo / mana, vacana kAya ko rokane se pApa nahIM baMdhate bhaura tapa karane se purAne pApa saba dUra ho jAte hai / isa prakAra nae pApo kA bandha na hone se purAne karmoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai aura karmoM kA kSaya hone se duHkhoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| duHkho ke kSaya se vedanA naSTa hotI hai aura vedanA ke vinAza se sabhI duHkho kA nAza hotA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sarvajJatA ke pramANa bhagavAn mahAvIra apane samaya meM ho savaMza ke rUpa meM prasiddha ho gaye the / pAlitripiTako me kaI sthAnoM para dIrghatapasvI sarvajJa, sarvadarzI vizeSaNoM ke sAtha niyaMtra bhagavAna mahAvIra kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 'majjhimanikAya' meM ullekha hai " prAbusa / nirgranya jJAtRputra sarvajJa sarvadarzI hai| ve aparizeSa jJAna darzana sampanna hai| calate khar3e rahate, sote jAgate sabhI dizAoM meM unheM jJAna darzana 35. svAmita 36. svAmikArtikeyanuprekSA 486 27. majjhimanikAya lakkhagdhasatAnta 38. yaza prApto vAsa jyotirjJAnAdikamupadiSTavAn sagabhavarddhamAnAdiriti / bindu pa0 pu. 98 36 yasmAllInaM jagatsarvaM tasmilliDage mahAtmanaH / nAgamityeva pravadanti manISiNaH // zrAcArya dharmakIrti ne bhI tIrthaMkara RSabha tathA varddhamAna kI sarvajanA kA ullekha kiyA hai / " vaidika sAhitya meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sajatA ke saMketa milate haiN| 'skandamahApurANa meM bha0 varddhamAna tathA kevalajJAna kA ullekha hai|" tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kA to paSTa rUpa se sarvaja ke rUpa me ullekha kiyA gayA hai|" 'mahAbhArata' me to yahA taka kahA gayA hai ki sarvana hI AtmadarzI ho sakatA hai / ina ullekhI se bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sarvajJatA kA nizcaya ho jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI se prasUta bhAgama granthoM meM upalabdha tathyoM ko vaijJAnikatA se bhI unake sarvajJa hone kA pramANa mila jAtA hai / isa prakAra AgamapramANa ke dvArA sarvajJa utkRSTa jJAna ke pAraka prabhin kevalajJAna aizvarya se vibhUSita hote hai| kevalajJAna meM pratyakSa rUpa se sabhI dravyoM aura unakI paryAyoM kA eka sAtha prativimva jhalakatA hai| vyavahAra anumAna se bhI aise sarvajJa hone me koI bAdhaka pramANa nahI hai / gavarnamenTa kAleja, nImaca (madhya pradeza ) tathAbhUtaM varddhamAnaM dRSTavA te'pi surarSayaH / viSNuvAyuvAgnilokapAlAH sapannayA || skanda mahApurANa, 6, 21-31 ramyeyupabho'yaM jinezvaraH / cakAra sarvagaH zivaH // prabhASa 0 56 pazyanti evaM svamAtmAnamAtmanA / sarvazaH sarvadarzI ca kSemajastAni pazyati // mahA0 41. zrotrAdIni na -1965 40. kailAze vipule svAvatAraM sarvajJa

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prAcIna jaina tIrtha zrI rAtA mahAvIra jI zrI bhUracanda jaina, bAr3amera rAjasthAna kA pAlI jilA na kevana aitihAhisaka yAtAyAta se bhI jur3A huA hai jisakA prAcIna itihAsa evaM vyApArika dRSTikoNa se vikhyAta hai apitu dhArmika hathuDI, hastIkuDI, rASTrakUTa ke nAma se ullekha milatA dRSTi se bhI isa jile kI adbhuta mahattA banI huI hai| hai| yahAM para chaThI zatAbdI kA banA mandira zrI rAtA jile meM sabhI dharma, sampradAyoM ke vikhyAta darzanIya, evaM mahAvIra svAmI ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai| isa sthAna pUjanIya dhArmika sthala vidyamAna hai| pAlI jilA jaina ko kannauja ke atirikta rAThaur3a kI utpatti aura prosavAla dharmAvalambiyoM kA mukhya kendra rahA hai| jahA para jaina dharma rAThaur3a gotra kA sUtrapAta kendra honA bhI batAyA jAtA hai| ke bar3e-bar3e prAcAryoM, vidvAno sAdhu santo, yati-maniyo ne rAThaur3a rAjAno kI hathu DI rAjadhAnI rahI hai jo jainAcAryoM satya aura ahiMsA kI anUThI mazAla jlaaii| inhI mahAn kI dhArmika gatividhiyo kA pramukha kendra sthAna bhI rahA hai| tyAgamaya vibhUtiyo ke sad upadezo se pAlI jilA apanI hathu DI me bane zrI mahAvIra svAmI ke mandira kA kokha me aise jaina darzanIya sthAnoM kA nirmANa karavA sakA nirmANa vi0 sa0 621 me prAcArya mahArAja zrI siddhihai jo na kevala bhArata virUpAta hI hai apitu videzI paryaTaka sari jI ke upadeza se zraSThi gotra ke vIra deva ne krvaayaa| bhI inheM dekhane ke lie barAbara lAlAyita rahate hai| jahAM jahAM para vi0 saM0 18% taka sarvazrI prAcArya mahArAja pAlI jile kI gaur3ayADa jaina paMcatIrthI jainoM ke lie dhAmika siddhi sUri jI, kakkamUri jI, devaguptasUri paura sarvadevasUri zraddhA se pUjanIya banI huI hai vahA dUsarI pora paryaTakoM, jI ne jaina mandira ke nirmANa ke atirikta duSkAla meM itihAsakAroM, purAtattva vizeSajJoM ke lie bhI inakA bar3A janamAnasa evaM pazugoM kI sevA ke sAtha sAtha jainadharma ke mahatva banA huyA hai| rANakapUra, nADola, nAralAI, vara. vyApaka pracAra kA kArya bhI kiyaa| isa bhavya mandira ke kAnA evaM ghANerAva ke pAsa sthita machAlA mahAvIra goDa mUla dvAra ke bAIM ora tAka para vi0 sa0 666 evaM vAr3a jaina paMcatIrthI ke mukhya sthAna hai jinakI bejoDa eva 105, ke lekha bhI the jo grAjakala ajamera myUjiyama meM sUkSma zilpakalA atyanta hI sundara hai| rANakapUra ke jaina hone batAye jAte hai / vi. sa 1011 jyeSTha badI pacamI mandira zilpakalA aura stambhoM kI banAvaTa ke lie jagata vi. sa. 1048 vaizAkha vadI 4 aura vi0 sa0 mArgazIrSa vikhyAta hai| isI jaina pacatIrthI meM dhArmika kaDI joDane zukla 12 ke prAcIna zilAlekha mandira meM vidyamAna hai| ina meM jile meM sthita zrI rAtA mahAvIra tIrtha sthAna bhI apanI lekho ke atirikta anya kaI choTe bar3e prAcIna lekha pratiSThA prAcInatA, aitihAsika mahattA, dhArmika mAnyatA, zilpa- Adi se sambandhita bhI mandira meM dRSTigocara hote hai| kalAkRtiyoM ke sAtha nirjana jagala me prAkRtika nayanA- zrI mahAvIra svAmI ke isa vizAla tIrtha sthAna kA bhirAma dRzyoM ke lie vikhyAta hai| nirmANa vi0 saM0 621 me hugrA thA aura prathama jIrNodvAra zrI rAtA mahAvIra jaina tIrtha sthAna pAlI jile meM vi0 saM0666 me prAcArya zrI kArijI ne krvaayaa| parAvalI pahAr3iyoM kI talahaTI meM nirjana vana meM bIjApura isake pazcAt vi maM. 666 meM prAcAryazrI yazobhadrAri jI ne grAma se 2 mIla dUra sthita hai / rANakapura se 13 mIla dUra madira kA jIrNoddhAra rAjA vidagdha ke samaya karavAyA thA usa yaha sthAna dakSiNa aura pUrva dizA ke madhya sthita hai| samaya rAjA vidagba ne apane zarIra ke barAbara suvarNa tola airinapurA roDa relave sTezana se 8 mIla dUra yaha tIrtha sar3aka kara isa jIrNoddhAra meM lgaayaa| vi0 saM0 1053 mAgha

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84, varSa 26,ki.2 bhanekAnta sudI 13 ko mandira kI pratiSThA bhI huii| vi0 saM0 jaina dharma prabhAvita hokara vi0 saM0 666, 1053, 2006 meM prAcArya zrI vijayavallabhasUri jI ne mUla mandira 1266, 1335, 1336 evaM 1346 me rAjya karane vAle ke jIrNoddhAra ke sAtha-sAtha prajanazAlA kI pratiSThA bhI rAjya zAsako ne rAjya me jainadharma ke pracAra karane evaM krvaaii| isa prakAra anekoM prAcAryoM, sAdhu sAdhviyoM, prAcAryoM kI rakSA hetu zAsana patra jArI kiye, zAsana patroM dhanADhya jaina bandhuoM ne tIrtha ke jIrNoddhAra karavAkara ise meM likhA gayA ki jahA taka parvata, pRthvI, sUrya, candra, gaMgA, aura adhika lokapriya banAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| sarasvatI hai vahA taka yaha zAsana patra kAyama rhegaa| prAja bhI zrI rAtA mahAvIra jI kSetra me ukta zAsana patroM kA zrI rAtA mahAvIra vaha sthAna hai jahAM para pazuoM kI barAbara pAlana ho rahA hai / hiMsA para vi0 saM0 188 me rAjA rAva jagamAna ne hathu DI sthita zrI rAtA mahAvIra kA jaina mandira prAcArya devasUri jI ke upadeza se prerita hokara rAjapatra zilpakalAkRtiyoM kA bhaMDAra hai| jisake andara mUla bhaga. jArI kara roka lagA dI aura jaina dharma ke satya aura ahisA vAna mahAvIra svAmI ko pratimA ke atirikta aneko upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara janadharma agIkAra kiyA thaa| choTI bar3I jana pratimAe vidyamAna hai| arAvalI pahAr3a kI isI prakAra jainadharma ke prAcArya sarvazrI balibhadrAcArya, goda me jagala me prAbAdI rahita kSetra meM basA rAtA mahAvAsadevAcArya, sUryAcArya, zAntibhadrAcArya, yazobhadrAcArya vIra jI kA jaina mandira prAja bhI tIrtha sthAna ke sAthaeva kezarasari saMtati ke upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara anekoM mAgomA bhapatiyoM ne jaina dharma ko aMgIkAra kiyaa| jisameM sarvazrI hajAroM loga yAtrA para pAte hai| rAjasthAna ke pAlI jile vidagdha rAjA, dullabha rAjA, sAmaMta siMha, mahendra rAjA, me sthita gor3avAr3a jaina paMcatIrthI rANakapura, nADola, nAragharaNIvAha rAjA harIvama rAjA, mamaTa rAjA, ghavala rAjA, lAI, varakAnA, maMchAlA mahAvIra ke sAtha-sAtha zrI rAtA mala rAjA prAdi ke nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| mahAvIra kI yAtrA bhI karate hai| yaha rAjasthAna kA gauravavi0 saM0 1208 me prAcArya mahArAja jayasiMhasUri jI ne maya sthala hai| jahAM prativarSa mahAvIra jayantI, caitra sudI rAThaur3a kSatrIya vazI anantasiMha rAjA ko roga mukta kiyA terasa ke dina vizAla paimAne para mele kA bhI prAyoaura dharma upadezoM se jainadharma kI mahattA btaaii| rAjA jana kiyA jAtA hai jisameM deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM ke anantasiMha ne prAcArya jI ke upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara hajAro loga ekatrita hokara bhagavAna kI sevA pUjA evaM patnI sahita jaina dharma ko agIkAra kiyA aura inase ratha yAtrA meM bhAga lekara prAnandita hote hai| utpanna hone vAlI saMtAna prAja bhI prosavAla rAThaur3a gotra jUnI caukI kA vAsa, se deza ke kaI bhAgo me vidyamAna hai| bADamera (gajasthAna) [70 76 kA zeSAzA se cintana karatA hai vaha avazya hI svAtmopalabdhi kA ne isa mUrti kA nirmAga karAkara phirojAbAda ko eka tIrtha pAtra hue binA na rhegaa| kSetra banA diyA hai / unako dhAmika pariNati sarAhanIya hai| jayati jayiname yoginaM yogivaryaH, isa mUrti nirmANa se unhoMne vipula yaza prApta kiyA hai| jo pradhigatamahimAnaM mAnitaM mAnanIyaH / usa mUrti kA darzana karegA, usakA antarAtmA nirmala aura smarati hRvi nitAnta ya. sa zAntAntarAtmA, prazAnta hogaa| seThajI ne mandira aura bAhubalI kI mUrti kA bhajati vijayalakSmImAzujainImajayyAm // 36-212 nirmANakara apanI kIti ko amara banA liyA hai| vAstava phirojAbAda nivAsI sva0 seTha chadAmolAlajI ne bAhu- me uttarapradeza aura madhya pradeza me itanI vizAla mUrtiyo balI kI 45 phuTa UnI vizAla mUrti banavAI hai, aura umakI kA nirmANa abhI taka nahI huprA thaa| seTa jI ne isa kArya pratiSThA hone vAlI hI thI ki akasmAt seThajI ke divagata ko pUrA kara diyA hai| ho jAne se isa mahAna kArya meM kucha vilamba ho gayA hai| vaha epha 65, lakSmInagara je eksaTeMzana, zravaNabelagolA kI gommaTezvara mUrti ke anurUpa hai / seTha jI (javAhara pArka), dillI-32

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anekAnta ODA0 zobhanAtha pAThaka, meghanagara "prane ke pratA: dhamAH yasmin sa anekAtaH" sabhI tadeva pratat, yadevakaM tadevAneka, yadeva satadevAsat, yadeva dharmoM ke prati samAna sadbhAvanA hI anekAnta kI varIyatA nitya tadevAnitya - ityekavastuni vstutvnisspaadkaarsprhai| bhagavAna mahAvIra praNIta darzana ke cintana kI zailI viruddhazaktidvaya prkaashnmnekaantH|" kA nAma anekAna dRSTi aura pratipAdana kI zailI kA prati jo vastu tatvasvarUpa hai vahI pratatsvarUpa bhI nAma syAdvAda hai| anekAnta dRSTi kA tAtparya hai vastu kA kA hai, jo vastu eka hai, vahI aneka bhI hai, jo vastu san hai sarvatomukhI vicAra / vastu meM aneka dharma hote hai| vahI prasat bhI hai, jo vastu nitya hai, vahI anitya bhI hai| mahAvIra ne pratyeka vastu ke svarUpa kA sabhI dRSTiyoM isa prakAra anekAnna eka hI vastu me usake vastutvase pratipAdana kiyaa| jo vastu nitya mAlUma hotI hai vaha guNaparyAya sattA ke niSpAdaka aneka dharmayugaloM ko prakAanitya bhI hai| jahA nityatA kI pratIti hotI hai, vahA zita karatA hai| anityatA bhI avazya rahatI hai| yahI nahIM varana anityatA vAstava meM kisI vastu kI parakha kevala eka hI dRSTi ke prabhAva me nityatA kI pahacAna hI nahI ho sktii| koNa se nahIM kI jA sakatI, varana use aneka dRSTikoNoM nityatA aura anityatA sApekSa hai| se hI parakhA jA sakatA hai| ataH spaSTa hotA hai ki sabhI dharma mAnava kalyANa kA sandeza apane-apane ekAnta dRSTikoNa ko mArga darzana dene hetu anekAnta kA prAdoM ke anusAra dete hai| jaina darzana meM bhI yahI hai / pratipAdana humaa| isakI varIyatA isa uddharaNa se spaSTa mahAvIra ne isakI mahattA prAcAra va picAra kI garimA hotI hai yathAse ujAgara kii| pAnAra ahiMsA mUlaka hai aura vicAra "sadasannityAnityAdisarvathai kAntapratikSepalakSaNo'nekAntaH" anekAntAtmaka / tathyataH isakI mUladRSTi eka hI hai, kintu praryAt vastu sarvathA sat hai, ayavA amat hai. nitya hai jaba vaha dRSTi prAcAronmukha hotI hai taba vaha ahiMsAmukhI athavA anitya, prAdi ke parakhane kI paddhati kA nAma hai ho jAtI hai aura jaba vaha vicAronmukhI ho jAtI hai taba anekAntAtmaka ho jAtI hai / ataH spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina anekAnta / kisI vastu ke parakha kI anubhUti kI abhidarzana prAdazaM aura yathArtha tathA nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke vyakti eka sAtha ho nahI varan kramAnusAra hotI hai imI tramabaddha abhivyakti ko paddhati ko syAdvAda' kahA gayA hai| sudRDha dharAtala para pratiSThita hai| ahiMsaka prAcaraNa praura anekAntAtmaka cintana hI mAnava ko saccA sukha dene meM syAt' zabda tiGanta pratirUpa avyaya hai| isake sakSama hai| prazaMsA, prastitva, vivAda, vicAraNA, anekAnta sazaya, prazna anekAnta zabda bahuvrIhi samAsa yuvata hai, jisarA Adi aneka artha hai| mahAvIra jI ne ise anekAnta kahA yA tAtparya hai aneka arthAt eka se adhika dho, rUpo, guNoM syAdvAda prarthAt anekAntAtmaka vAkya / spAvAda kI aura paryAyoM vAlA padArtha / padArtha aneka guNa rUpAtmaka anya vyutpattiyA bhI hai / sAmAnyataH yaha zabda syAt' aura hone ke sAtha-mAtha vivakSA aura dRSTikoNoM ke prAdhAra para 'vAda' ina do pado se banA hai 'syAna' kA abhiprAya hai bhI anakAnta hai| eka paura aneka kI ima yathArthanA ko kvit'| kathAt arthAta pramuka nizcina apekSA se baDI garimA ke sAtha parakhA gayA hai yayA --'yadeva tat vastu amuka dharmazAlI hai| yaha gAyada, saMbhAvanA aura

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56, vaya 26, ki0 2 anekAnta kadAcit zabdoM kA pratipAdaka nahI hai varana isakA tAtparya mithyA anekAnta hai| anya sApekSa eka dharma kA grahaNa hai-sunizcita dRSTikoNa / samyaganekAnta hai tathA anya dharma kA niSedha karake eka kA 'syAt' nipAta hai| nipAta dyotaka bhI hote hai aura avadhAraNa karanA mithyAnekAnta hai| vAcaka bhii| 'syAt' zabda anekAnta-sAmAnya kA vAcaka anekAnta arthAt rAkalAdeza kA viSaya pramANAdhIna hotA hai, phira bhI 'prasti' Adi vizepa dharmoM kA prati- hotA hai aura vaha ekAnta kI prarthAt nayAdhIna vikalAdeza pAdana karane ke lie 'asti' prAdi sat dharmavAcaka zabdoM ke viSaya kI apekSA rakhatA hai yathAkA prayoga karanA paDatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki 'syAt anekAnto'pyanekAntaH pramANanayasAdhanaH / manti' vAkya me prasti' pada astitva dharma kA vAcaka hai, anekAntaH pramANAta tadekAnto'pitAmnayAt / aura 'syAt' anekAnta kaa| -vRhatsvayambhUstotra samatabhadra 102 'anekAnta' zabda vAcya hai aura 'syAdvAda' vAcaka / prarthAt 'pramANa' aura 'naya' kA viSaya hone se ane'syAta' zabda jo ki nipAna hai - ekAta kA khaNDana karake kAnta, aneka dharma vAlA padArtha bhI anekAntarUpa hai| vaha anekAnta kA samarthana karatA hai / isa mahattA kA pratipAdana jaba pramANa ke dvArA samagrabhAva se gRhIta hatA hai taba vaha manISiyoM ne kiyA hai-- anekAnta, anekadhamatmika hai aura jaba kisI vivakSita naya "vAkyeSvanekAntadyotI gamya prati vizeSakaH / kA viSaya hotA hai taba ekAnta ekadharmarUpa hai usa samaya sthAnipAtIrtha yogitvAta taba kevalinAmapi // zeSa dharma padArtha meM vidyamAna rahakara bhI dRSTi ke sAmane ___ -- prAptamImAMsA nahIM hote| isa taraha padArtha kI sthiti hara hAlata meM THo varIyatA ko na khanana meM loga anekAntarUpa hI siddha hotI hai| isakA artha saMzaya, amadigdhatA prAdi lagA lete hai jo ThIka anekAntadRSTi yA nayadRSTi virAT vastu ko jAnane nahIM hai| kisI vastu kA mUlyAMkana karanA hI isakI kA vaha prakAra hai, jisame vivakSita dharma ko jAnakara bhI mahatA hai yathA---' syAdvAda sarvathai kAntatyAmAt vivana- anya anya dharmoM kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jAtA unhe gauNa yA cidvidhi' yahI nahIM varana isa noka kI gahanatA ko avivakSita kara diyA jAtA hai aura isa taraha pratyeka dazA bhI thahAeM pUrI vastu kA makhya gauNa bhAva se sparza ho jAtA hai| isa 'sarvayAtvaniSedhako anekAntatA dyotakaH / taraha jaba manuSya kI dRSTi anekAntatatva kA sparza karane kavitartha syAt zabdo nipAtaH // " vAlI bana jAtI hai, taba usake samajhAne kA Dhaga nirAlA -paMcAstikAya ho jAtA hai prAcArya hemacandra ne bIjagagastotra meM isakI mahattA ko ujAgara kiyA hai yathA anekAnta vAtu kI ane kaminA giddha karatA hai tathA vijJAnasyaikamAkAra nAnAkArakarambitam / sthAdvAda usakI vyAkhyA karane meM eka sAkSika mArga kA icchastathAgataH prAjJo nAnekAntaM pratikSipet / / 8 / / sUtrapAta karatA hai tathA mAnabhagI usa mArga kA vyavasthita citramekamane ca rUpaM prAmANikaM vadan / vizleSaNa kara use pUrNatA pradAna karatI hai| yogo baMzeSiko vApi nAnekAntaM pratikSipeta // 6 // anekAnta 'prANa' aura 'naya' kI dRSTi se kathaJcit icchana pradhAna sattvAdyeviruddha gumphitaM guNa. / anekAntarUpa aura kathaJcit kAsamapa hai| 'pramANa' kA sAMsyasaMkhyAvatAM mukhyo nAnekAntaM pratikSipeta // 10 // viSaya hone se yaha anekAntarUpa hai| isake do bheda batAye DA. zobhanAtha pAThaka, ema0 e0 (saskRta, hindI); gaye haiM -- sampaganekAnta zrI miyAnakAnta / parampara pI.eca. DI., sAhityaratna sApekSa aneka dhau kA sakana bhAva * grahaNa karanA samyaga meghanagara nekAnta hai aura paraspara nikSa aneka dharmoM kA grahaNa ji. jhAbumA (ma.pra.)

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mAnavIya samunnati kA prazasta mArga vinaya paM0 vimalakumAra jaina sorayA, ema. e , zAstrI viNa mo mokkhahAraM viNayAvo sajamo tavo jANaM, vinaya ke anrtagata pAtI hai| apane se zreSTha jano ke sAmane NigaejarAtijgAha mAyariyo sadhvasaMgho ya / yAta hI Asana se uThanA, hAya jor3a kara abhivAdana karanA, mAyArajIdakappa guNadIvANa prattasodhiNijjhajhA, zreSTa ucca prAsana denA, pUjya jano ke caraNo meM jhukanA prajjava madada lAghava bhattI palhAda karaNaM ca // aura iSTa deva ko yathA ya gdha pUjana arcana karanA, kisI bhagavAna kundakundAcArya ne ukta gAthAo meM vinaya kI ke prati pratikUla na kaha usake anukUla bolanA, deza va kAla mahattA darzAte hue viziSTa guNo kA pratipAdana karate hue yogya dravya denA lokAnatti vinaya hai| likhA hai ki-"vinaya mokSa kA dvAra hai vinaya se sayama' 2-artha nimittaka vinaya --dhanalAbha kI prAkAMkSA se tapa aura jJAna hotA hai aura vinaya se prAcArya va sarvasadha vyApArika kAryoM meM grAhako ke prati artha lAbha kI dRSTi kI sevA ho sakatI hai| mAcAra ke, jIva prAyazcita ke se prAdara sUcaka sammAna pUrNa zabdoM se bolanA, apane artha paura kalpa prAyazcita ke guNoM kA pragaTa hAnA prAtma zuddhi, prayojana siddhi ke lie svArthavaza adhikAriyoM, vyaktiyoM kalaha rahitatA, pAva, mAdava, nirlobhatA, gurusevA sabako yA sahayogI udyogapatiyoM ke prati hAtha jor3anA, namratA sukhI karanA yaha saba vinaya ke guNa hai|" dikhAnA artha nimittaka vinaya hai / vinaya kA tAtparya namra vRtti kA rakhanA hai / yaha eka 3-kAmataMtra vinaya-jJandriyavAsanAmoM kI pUrti ke aisI manovaijJAnika jJAna guNa pravRtti hai jo vyakti ke lie apane premIjana ke prati namratA zrAdara pragaTa karanA, vyaktitva ko aura prAtmA ko samupalabdhi ko prApta kAmapuruSArtha ke nimitta vinaya karanA kAmataMtra vinaya hai| karAtI hai| pUjya puruSoM ke prati prAdara guNI evaM vRddha 4-bhaya vinaya-dhana hAni, mAna hAni, athavA zArIpuruSoM ke prati namra vRtti, kaSAyoM eva indriyoM ko sarala rika kSati ke bhaya se apane se vizeSa zaktizAlI vyakti, karanA vinaya kI paridhi ke prAkAra hai| vinaya vyakti ke zatru yA zAsakIya adhikArI ke prati jo pATara pUrvaka yaza kI ujvala grAbhA marvatra prakAzavAna rahatI hai / vinaya bhakti yA vinaya kI jAya athavA jisameM kisI bhI prakAra vAna sabhI kA priya aura prAdara bhAjana hotA hai| vinaya ke bhaya kI prAgamAhA usake prati jo vinaya kI jAtI hai sampannatA se hI tIrthakara nAma kama vo vAstA hai kyoki vaha bhaya vinaya hai| vinaya sampannatA ekamI hokara 16 avayavo se sahita hai| 5-mokSa vinya-grAtma kalyANa ke hita athavA mokSa prataH usa eka hI vinaya sampannatA se manuSya tIrtha ra nAma mArga me vinaya kA pradhAna sthAna hai| jJa'na lAbha, prAcAra ko bAdhate hai| zuddhi aura saccI pArAdhanA kI siddhi vinaya se hotI hai| mAdhyAtmika dRSTi se mokSa ke sAdhana bhUta samyagjJAnA- aura anta meM moza sukha bhI isI me milatA hai| prataH dika me tathA unake sAdhako me apanI yogya rIti se prAdara mokSa mArga me vinaya bhAva kA marvopari sthAna hai| va sammAna karanA, va pAya ko nivatti karanA, jJAna darzana mumukSujana samyagdazana, samyagjJAna, samyagcAritra va tapa cAritra va tapa kI aticAra prazubha kriyAgro ko haTAnA ke doSa dUra karane ke lie jo kuLa prayatna karate hai use bhaura ratnatraya me vizuddha pariNAma lAnA hI vinaya hai| vinaya kahate hai| isa prayatna meM zakti ko na chipA kara sAmAnyarupa se vinaya kA vargIkaraNa pAMca prakAra se zakti ke pranamAra unhe karate rahanA vinayAcAra hai| yaha kiyA gayA hai| jo nimnalikhina anusAra bhedo, prabhedo ke vinayAcA pAca prakAra kI hai| inhe agara mokSa gati ke rUpa me ullakhita hai--- nAyaka kahA jAya to matizayokti na hogii| bheda nimna1-lokAnavRtti vinaya - loka paramparA ke anurUpa likhita amusAra hai| jo kriyAe~ sampAdita kI jAtI hai-ve lokAnuvRtti 1-jJAna vinaya-jJAna prApti meM guru vinaya pratyaMta

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88, varSa 26, ki02 anekAnta pradhAna hai| nItikAra ne kahA hai ki "sarca saMga rahita namaskAra karanA tathA parokSa meM bhI mana vacana kAma pUrvaka guruSoM kI bhakti se vihIna ziSyoM kI sarva kriyAyeM Usara namaskAra karanA aura unake anukUla bhakti pUrvaka pravRtti bhUmi para par3e vIja ke samAna vyartha haiN|" jJAna kA sIkhanA karanA yaha upacAra vinaya ke rUpa haiN| mukhtaH isake 3 usI kA citavana karanA, dUsaroM ko bhI usI kA upadeza bheda evaM 13 prabheda hai| jinakA paryavekSaNa nimnalikhita denA, tathA usI ke anusAra nyAya pUrvaka pravRtti karanA, anusAra kiyA gayA hai| jJAna kA abhyAsa karanA aura smaraNa karanA, jJAna ke (ka) kAyika vinaya - cAritra aura jJAna me apane upakaraNa zAstra prAdi tathA jJAnavaMta pUruSa meM bhakti ke se zraSTha janoM athavA sAdhu puruSoM ko prAte hue dekha prAsana sAtha nitya prati anukUla mAcaraNa karanA yaha saba jJAna chor3akara khar3e honA, kAyotsargAdi kRti karma karanA, usake vinaya hai| isake mUlabhUta 8 prakAra haiN| (1) kAla pIche pIche calanA unase nIce baiThanA, sonA, prAsana denA, (2) vinaya (3) upadhAna (4) vahumAna (5) bhanihnava jJAna prAcaraNa kI sAdhaka vastu yA upakaraNa denA tathA (6) vyaMjana (7) artha (4) tadubhaya / sAdhu puruSoM kA bala ke anusAra zarIra kA mardana, kAla ke manusAra kriyA karanA aura paramparA ke anumAra vinaya 2-varzana vinatha-bhagavAna jinendra deva ne apane divya karatA kAyika vinaya hai| yaha sAta prakAra kI hotI haiupadeza dvA / padAthoM kA jaisA upadeza diyA hai usakA usI (i) mAdara se uThanA, (ii) nata mastaka honA, (iii) rUpa meM binA zakA ke zraddhAna karanA, paMcaparameSThI, arahata siddha kI pratimAeM, zrutajJAna jinadharma, ratnatraya, prAgama prAsana denA, (iv) pustakAdi denA, (v) yathAyogya kRti aura samyagdarzana meM bhakti va pUjA prAdi karanA aura karma karanA, (vi) UMcA prAsana chor3a kara baiThanA. (vii) jAte samaya sasammAna bhejnaa| inakA mahatva batalAnA yaha saba darzana vinaya hai| (kha) vAcika vinaya * prAdarayukta namra, hitamita priya 3.cAritra vinaya - mokSamArga me cAritra kI mahattA prAgamokta, alpa, upazAta, nibaMdha, mAvadya, kriyArahita, sarvopari hai| vinA cAritra ke mAtra jJAna paguvat hai| abhimAna rahita vacano se bolanA vAcika vinaya hai| mata: indriya aura kapAyoM ke pariNAma kA tyAga karanA vAcika vinaya mukhyata: cAra prakAra kI hai -(1) hita tathA gupti samiti prAdi cAritra ke aMgo kA pAlana vinaya, (ii) mita vinaya, (m) priyakArI vinaya, mora karanA jJAna aura darzana yukta puruSa ke pAMca prakAra ke (iv) zAstrAnukala bolnaa| duzcara caritra kA varNana sunakara antabhakti pragaTa karanA, (ga) mAnasika vinaya - dharma ke upakAra meM pariNAmo praNAma karanA, mastaka para ajali rakhakara pAdara pragaTa kA honA, samyaktva kI virAdhanA me jo pariNAma ho karanA aura usakA bhAva pUrvaka anuSThAna cAritra karanA unakA tyAga karanA, sAdharmI jano ke prati unnata evaM pUjya vinaya hai| pariNAmarakhanA mAnasika vinaya hai| yaha do prakAra kI savinaya-apane se zreSTha tapasvI ke prati bhakti hai---1. pApagrAhaka citta ko rokanA tathA 2. dharma me karanA usake prati saMkalpa rahita honA, saMyama rUpa uttara apane mana ko prvrtn|| G H guNoM meM udyama karanA, samyak prakAra zrama va pariSaho ko pariSado ko vinaya ke ina pAyAmoM kA jIvana meM utAranA aura sahana karanA yathAyogya pAvazyaka kriyAoM me hAni-vRddhina dainika jIvana me sAkAra rUpa denA mAnavIya samanvati me hone denA, tapa meM apanI pravRtti ko lagAnA tapa vinaya hai| sarvopari hai / vinaya jIvana kI vaha sAdhanA sIDhI hai jo 5-upacAra vinaya-naitika jIvana meM apane dvArA vyakti ke naitika, prAcaraNa tathA AdhyAtmika jIvana kI dUsaroM ke prati usake guNoM, sAdhanAmoM pathavA mAnya dizA ko prakAzavAna karatA hai| prAzA hai pratyeka vyakti pravRttiyo ke pratirupa pratyakSa evaM parokSa rUpa se zraddhApUrvaka jIvana kI dhanyatA ke lie vinaya jaise prazasta mArga ko pAdara denA upacAra vinaya hai| mukhyataH ratnatrayaghArI apnaayegaa| mahAvarA (lalitapura) mahApuruSoM, munirAjoM, prAcAryoM mAdi ke prati pratyakSa bhakti, uttara pradeza

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mAlavA ko navIna aprakAzita jaina pratimAoM ke abhilekha 0 DA. surendrakumAra prArya, ujjaina bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500 veM varSa meM mAlavA ke donoM para prabhilekha kramaza: isa prakAra hai :jainAvazeSo kA sarvekSaNa kArya ujjaina ke DarasArI va (1) zAMti bhalaI yaH / / mAlava prAntIya digaMbara mUrti saMgrahAlaya ke pramukha paM. satyaM kAMtA ca guhtoN|| varddhamAnA SiSya jeSTha ghara kumAra seThI ke prayAsoM se prAraMbha humA / eka samiti kAMti sobhayethastayoM saMvata 1227 varSe banI jisake pramukha jaina tIrtha va sthAnoM kA sarvekSaNa kArya vadi pratipadA guroH|| apane hAthoM me liyA / purAtatvavettA padama zrI DA. viSNu (2) saM. 1227 varSe jyeSTha vadi pratipadA gurI zrIdhara vAkaNakara ne mujhe vizeSajJa ke rUpa meM liyA / sAdha sAtisata namaiH praNamati nityaM / / zrImaksI kSetra ke maMtrI zrI jhAMjharI ne vAhana sulabha kiyA jilA ratalAma meM badanAdara aisA sthAna hai jahAM lagava lagabhaga zujAlapura va zAjApura jile kA sarvekSaNa saMpanna bhaga 73 jaina maMdira hai va 720 ke karIba tIrthakara prtikraayaa| "mAlavA ke jainatIrtha" nAmaka pustaka lekhana ke mAyeM bhagnAvasthA meM par3I hai| yahAM kI kucha abhilekha lie Una, bar3avAnI, siddhavara kuTa, maksI jI, baneDiyA jI yukta pratimAyeM jayasiMhapurA jaina sagrahAlaya ujjaina meM prA paura mahezvara prokArezvara kI yAtrA kI-ina saba prayAsoM cakI hai| paramAra tAmrapatroM meM isa sthAna kA nAma se ujjaina, madasaura, kharagona jhAbamA va nimAr3a jile kI barddhanApura milatA hai jo kAlAntara meM badanAvara ho gyaa| anekatIrthakara pratimAeM prakAza meM pAI unake pAdapITha ke yaha sthAna paramAra kAlIna jaina sthApatya evaM mUrti se mUtilekho kA vAcana kiyA gyaa| yahA kevala mUrtilekha saMpanna hai / yahAM kI eka jaina zAsana devI aivAroTI rUpa vAlI pratimAyeM lI jAtI hai| meM hai / yaha pratimA jayasiMhapurA jaina saMgrahAlaya ujjaina meM ujjaina ke dhArmika sthalo me gar3ha bhairava prasiddha sthAna sthita hai (mUrtikamAMka 110) / zIrSa bhAga para padmAsana hai / yahAM kAla bhairava ke nikaTa hI ziprA ke kinAre pokha meM tIrthakara hai jinakI puSpahAra se do yugala pArAdhanA lezvara nAmaka maMdira hai| yahAM 1974 kI grISmaRtu meM kara rahe hai / bAI mora vINAdhArI lalitAsanA anya devI jala sUkha gayA aura usame lagabhaga 16 jana pratimAye hai va dAhinI ora jainadevI hai| nIce mUrtilekha isa prakAra prApta huii| yahAM kI eka RSabhanAtha pratimA para nimnalikhita abhilekha hai : 'saMvata 1226 vaizAkha vadI 6 zakra adya saMvata 1340 varSe jyeSTha vadi 12 zani. mAthura saghe varddhanApUre zrI zAMtinAtha cetye sA thI 'gozala vagheravAlAnvaye sA. jasa bhAryA padAmiNi tatra lAlA bhAryA bhAryA brahmadeva u devAdi kUTamba sahitena nija puthama siri mAtR pAlhA bhAryA rAya sirimAtR jAtyA gotra devyAH zrI acchumnApA pratikRti kaaritaa| bhAryA "sirimAla jAtyA bhAryA lADI putrasya bhAryA lAjU zrI kulAdaNDoyAzAya prtisstthitaa:||' mAta kANta putra mAhAdeve sahadeva praNamati nityaM // badanAvara kI hI eka anya pratimA meM 6 zAmana ujjaina jile kI mahIdapura tahasIla se 22 mIla deviyAM hai aura nIce paramArakAlIna lipi me deviyo ke pUrva meM sthita jhArar3A grAma me aneka tIrthakara pratimAyeM nAma likhe hai -(1) vAridevI (2)nimidevI ( 3) umA. makAnoM kI nIva khudAte samaya prApta huI hai / yahA kI do devI (4) suvaya devI (5) varSAdevI (6) savAI devii| jana pratimAoM kA ullekha 1634 ke iMdaura sTeTa gaje- devAsa ke nikaTa nemAvara grAma me ambikA kI pratimA Tiyara meM huA hai / do deviyoM kI pratimA abhilekha ke pAdasthala para nimnalikhita prabhilekha hai .yukta haiM / prathama padmAvatI kI hai va dUsarI saMbhavataH siddhA- lor3hAnvaye dezina bhAryA mAnA praNamati nitya yikA yakSiNI hai| sUtradhArA rakSita praNamati nitya saMvata 1283

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10, varSa 26, ki02 anekAnta janadevAlaya meM pArzvanAtha pratimA ke nIce kA abhi- kaMvalA, ghusaI (ghomavatI nAma yahAM kI eka tIrthaMkara lekha : pratimA ke nIce akita hai) jIraNa, jhArDA prAdi grAmoM saMvata 1745 vAsare soma vaizAkha mAse 3 meM tIrthakara pratimAyeM milI jisame se kucha para mUrtilekha jAjA saMgha sasajI sA sAdalI / hai, vivaraNa isa prakAra hai :--khilacIpura me pArzvanAtha yahAM kI eka mAdinAtha kI pratimA para akita lekha - kI pratimA para nirmANakAla 1405 akita hai / khAnapura paura pAdAnvaye khyAtaH zrIpAloH nAmataH sudhiH (dazapUroM meM eka jo prAcIna samaya me milakara dazapura ratnatrayo kI saMjJA se jAne jAte the yahI bAda meM dazapura) dasaura guNopetastatputrI lakSyaNaumataH guNIkRtiH sudhimAnyaH bana gayA aura 13 vI zatI meM muslima AkrAnto dvArA kRSNa rAjo'sti tatsuta jina kArita tena bimbabhuvi maMda prAbhA vA nA yaha dasaura nagara mada+dasaura ho gayA) manohRtam / / saMvata phAlguna sudi 1160 // meM padmAvatI kI 1610 vi. kI abhilekha yukta pratimA riMgaNoda kI pahacAna DA. vAkaNakara ne iguNipadraka saMvata ke atirikta matilekha kA vAcana kaThina hai kyoMki se kI hai jo nakhamana ke devAsa tAmrapatra me pAtA hai| dhisa ca kA hai| yaha sthAna ratalAma koTA relve lAina para sthita hai| yahA maMdasaura se 76 ki. mI. uttara meM jhArDI grAma hai kI eka tIrthakara pratimA para prApta lekha kA vAcana isa jahAM 2 janamandira haiN| 15 vI zatAbdI me mAMDavagaDha ke prakAra hai : mantrI saprAmasiha ne yahAM janamandira kA nirmANa kara uuN|| 1723 varSe jyeSTha vadi pratipa tIrthakara pratimAyeM pratiSThita kii| yahA eka mUrti ke sAkha zrI suta praNati nityaM / / nimnabhAga para abhilekha milatA hai :-- riMganoda kA hI eka anya pratimAlekha jo saMbhavataH 1 saMvata 1576 varSe zukra 1041 mAse.zrI svatatra abhilekha bhI rahA ho vartamAna meM madhyapradeza purA- sagrAma mahA "rA. viyai rAjye rAjazrI sihalajI tatva vibhAga me surakSita hai usakA vAcana isa prakAra hai - kannAjI sAhitaU mahindAyAna zona maha devAlayoM ...midheryabhUtvA saghaMryAdasmAd .. lekha jallAjayo 'cAcadeva kI prASAr3ha vadI 11 padhAna kaaryaa| yAnoha dattAni purA narendra dAnA- ravivAra kAnta mahI para devANa * pUja ko bheMTa nidharmAH pUje kumbhAvalAnavaya zAbhana bhavantu / / punarAdadota / bahubhirvasudhA muktA rAjabhiH sagarA- ghasaI jilA madasaura ke janamadira me eka 6 paktiyoM dibhi yaH .. kA nAgarI lipi va saMskRta bhASA meM prastara abhilekha hai dattA vAyohareta vasudharA / prANAstraNAgra jalavidu jisame rAmacadra Adi jainAcAryoM kA nAma hai| vi.1313 samAna rANA kA yaha lekha hai| yahA kI do anya pratimAno para 1334 dharmayastha rAjapa,lasya sunanA prAsAdhara sunanaya bilhaNena va 1337 vikrama saMvata ke aspaSTa abhilekha hai| likhitA haraseNa suta sAjaNena likhita / / isa prakAra san 1975 ko janavarI se jUna 1676 san 1975 ka ana mAha meM madhyapradeza rAjya purA. taka kI avadhi meM kiye gae sarvekSaNa meM uparokta abhilekhatatva ke tatvAvadhAna va vikrama vizvavidyAlaya ujjaina ke yukta tIrthaMkara pratimAyeM milI / bhAvazyakatA hai ki isa sahayoga se prAcIna dayapura va vartamAna madasaura kA ora dhyAna dekara una jainAvazeSoM ko ekatra kiyA jAkara utkhanana kArya kiyA gayA, usa utkhanana ke sAya hI maiMne surakSA pradAna kare / sakheDI, karer3I, pacora, sudarasI, va DA. vAkaNakara ne madamaura jile ke janAvazeSoM ko jAmanera, zujAlapUra meM lagamaga 310 jaina tIrthakara pratitAlikA banAI va jainahastalikhita grantha bhaMDAro ko dekhaa| mAyeM aisI milI hai jo pUrNatayA prasurakSita hai| 00 samIpavartI acala kA jaina apazepoM kI dRSTi se bhI prava- 4 dhanvantari mArga, galI naM. 4, mAdhava nagara, ujjaina lokana kiyaa| khilacIpura, kayAmapura, mor3I, saMghArA, (madhya pradeza)

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pUjA mUrti kI nahI, mUrtimAna kI : mUrtipUjA kA itihAsa bahuta prAcIna hai| manuSya kI dhArmika caryA meM isakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / zrAsthA aura zraddhA ke aMga deva pratimAnoM ke caraNapITha bane hue hai / mUrti me nirAkAra sAkAra ho uThatA hai aura isake bhAvapakSa kI dRSTi me sAkAra nirAkAra kI sImAtroM ko chU letA hai| mUrti prakampa aura vizvala hone se siddhAvasthA kI pratIka hai| upAsaka apanI samasta vAhya ceSTayoM ko aura zarIra kI halana calanAtmaka spandana kriyAo ko yogamudrA me zrAsIna hokara mUrtivat avala-graDiMga kara le aura samma sthita pratimA ke samAna tadguNa ho jAe, yaha yaha usakI saphalatA hai / mUrti meM mUrtivara ke guNa muskarAte hai vaha kevala pApaNamayI nahIM hai| usake arthako para 'pASANapUjaka' lAJchana lagAnA apane kiMcitkara buddhi vaibhava kA paricaya denA hai| mUrti meM jo vyakta saudarya hai usake darzana to sthUla vAle bhI kara lete hai kintu usake bhAvAtmaka saudarya ko pahacAnane vAle virale hI hote hai / mUrtikAra jaba kisI anagar3ha patthara ko tarAzatA hai, to usakI denI kI pratyeka Takora utpadyamAna mUrtivigrahI deva kI prANavattA ko jAgrata karane meM apanA azeSa kauzala tanmaya kara detI hai / asIma dhairya ke sAtha, zrazrAnta pari zramapUrvaka usake tatkSaNa me guNAdhAna kI prakriyA kArya karatI rahatI hai / zravayavo ke pariSkAra se, rekhAoM kI bhaMgimA se pravaro kI banAvaTa se, citavana ke kauzala se, barauniyoM kI chAyA meM vibhAta nIlakamala se mana ko vizAlatA se, ponapuSTa bhujadaNDoM se na kevala mUrtikAra zragasauSThava hI taiyAra karatA hai, apitu vaha spandanarahita prANAdhAna hI mUrti me pratiSThApita kara detA hai / usa mUrti ko vigraha ko dekhane mAtra se prANa pulakita ho uThate hai, jitakI zakti prabuddha hokara nAca uThatI hai| jisako dUr3hakara netra thaka gaye the, usakI mudrAkita pratimA svayaM sAkAra hokara samupasthita ho jAtI hai| hamArA mana jo eka bhAvasamudra hai, mUrti usame parva - tithiyo ke jvAra taraMgita kara detI hai / jaise gulAba ke puSpa saundarya ko dekhane vAlA usake mUla me lage phoTo ko nahIM dekhatA, upAdhyAya muni zrI vidyAnanda kamala puSpa kA praNayI jaise usake paMkamUla ko smaraNa nahIM karatA, usI prakAra zrAtmA ke samasta caitanya ko apanI prazAnta mudrA se prAkarSita karane vAle bhagavAn kI pratimA ko dekhate hue bhakta ke netra usake pASANatva se Upara uTha kara guNadharmAvacchinna lokottara vyaktitva kA hI darzana karane lagatA hai aura usa samaya pUjaka ke kaNTha se stuticchanda gIyamAna hone hai uname pASANa kI sattA ke cinha bhI nahIM milte| bhakta ke sammukha sthita pratimA meM usake ArAdhya kI jhalaka hai, usakI bhAvanAoM kA prAkAra hai / ve prabhu ananta darzana aura grananta jJAnamaya hai / deva, devendra unakI padavandanA karate hai| unakA vItarAga vigraha pASANa me rati kaise kara sakatA hai ? unakA mukta prAtmA pratimA me nivaddha kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? yaha to bhakta kI bhAvanA hai, usakA uddAma dhanurodha hai jo siddhAlaya me virAjamAna bhagavAn ke sAkSAt darzana ke lie dhIra pratimA ke mAdhyama se unakI stuti karatA karatA hai, pUjAprakSAlana karatA hai| usakI bhAvanA ke samudraparyanta vistIrNa manorAjya ko jhuThalAne kA sAhasa svayaM bhagavAn me bhI nahI hai / vaha pratimA ke sammukha upasthita hokara kisa bhASA meM bolatA hai ? sunane vAle ke prANa gadgad ho uThate hai, netro meM bhAva kA samudra laharAne lagatA haidRSTvA bhavantamanimeSavilokanIyaM, nAnyatra toyamupayAti janasvacakSuH / pItvA payaH zazikaradyutidugbasindhoH, kSAraM jalaM jalanidherasitu ka icchet ? 'he bhagavan ! Apake pranimeSa vilokanIya svarUpa ko ko dekhakara merI A~kheM dUsare kisI ko dekhanA nahI caahtii| bhalA indu kI jyotsnAdhAya pIne vAle ko kSAra samudrajala kyA acchA lagegA ? yahA~ mUrtipUjaka ke netro me jo pArthiva se para divya rUpa nAca rahA hai usa pASANapUjA kahane kA sAhasa kisa meM hai ? pASANa aura mUrti me jo bheda hai usa na jAnane se hI isa prakAra kI asat kalpanA loga karane lagate hai / pASANa ko utkIrNa kara usame itihAsa aura dhAgama prAmANya se tattad devatA ke

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62, varSa 26, ki0 2 vigrahoM kI racanA ko jAtI hai / siMha, vRSabha, kamala ityAdi cihnAMkana se tIrthaMkaroM ke pRthaka-pRthaka nAmarUpa ke astitva kA jJApana mUrti meM kiyA jAtA hai / yadi pASANa ko 'suvarNa' kahA jAe to mUrtiyoM ko kaTaka, rUpaka, kuNDala kaha sakate hai / jaise 'kuNDala' svarUpa meM 'utpAda' avasthA ko prApta hue suvarNa ko koI suvarNa nahIM kahatA 'kuNDala' kahatA hai, usI prakAra vidhisammata sthApanAoM ke nimitta deva pratimA ko pASANa nahI kahA jA sakatA / pratimA ke pUjya zrAsana para pratiSThita hone vAlI mUrti ko matroM se, pratiSThA vidhi se lakSaNAnusAra banAye gaye mandira me virAjamAna kiyA jAtA hai aura usame devatva kI bhAvanA kA vinyAsa kiyA jAtA hai| vaha pratimA DhAluSo ko prAsthA ko kendrita karatI hai aura isake nimitta se madiro zraura caityAlayoM meM dharma ke ghaNTAnAda sunAyI dete hai / matra, stuti stotra, pUjA prakSAla, arcana bandana hote hai aura janasamudAya kI udAsa bhAvanAo ko usa pratimA se sambana milatA hai| isa prakAra dharma samAja dhaura saMskRti ke utthAna meM mUrtipUjA kA mahatva pratirohita hai / mUrti me saMskAroM kI bhAvanA dene se devasya kI pratiSThA hotI hai| isalie mandiroM meM sthApita pratimA aura bAjAra me bikate hue tadrUpa khilaunoM meM saskAra prabhAva se koI sAmya nahI / mUrti ko pavitra mandira kI UMcI vedI para virAjamAna kara apane manamandira me sthApita karanA hI usakI saccI pratiSThA hai / yadi pASANa aura mUrti meM bheda nahI mAnoge to strI, mAtA, bhaginI me bheda mAnane kA kyA grAdhAra rahegA ? kyoMki strIparyAya se to ye samAna hai' / apekSA aura sambandha-vyavaccheda se hI iname vyAvahArika bheda kiyA gayA hai / vahI prAtmAnuzAsita, pUjyatva pratiSThAna mUrti meM kiyA gayA hai| hamAre bhAratIya dhvaja meM dhaura dUkAno ke usI tiraMge kapar3e me kyA antara hai? vastrAMti to dono meM eka hI hai parantu lAla kile para rASTradhvaja ke rUpa me tiraMgA hI kyoM laharAyA jAnA hai? kyoki 21 julAI 1470 javAharalAla neharU ke prastAva para eka nizcita prAkAra me bhagave, zveta aura hare tIna raMgo anekAnta meM kramaza: niSkAma tyAga, pavitratA aura satyatA tathA prakRti ke prati sneha ko prerita karane vAle pratIkoM meM rASTradhvaja kA svarUpa sthira kiyA gayA, jisake bIca meM satya, jJAna aura naitikatA kI ghora saketa karane vAle 'dharmacakra' ko sthAna diyA gyaa| isa prakAra use vastramAtra se bhinna pratIka rUpa meM mAnyatA dekara rASTra nizAna' ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA gyaa| yahI isakA uttara hai aura isI ke sAtha sAmAnya 'pApA' aura 'mUrti' ke vaiziSTya kA uttara bhI sammilita hai| rASTradhvaja jaise rASTra kI svatantratA kA pratIka hai usI prakAra pratimA samAja ko dRDha prasthAoM kA pratIka hai| mUrti ke sAtha manuSya kI pavitra bhAvanAo kA sanAtana sambandha hai / mUrti kA darzana karane se mUrti me pratiSThA prApta deva kA devatva darzana karane vAle meM saMkramita hotA hai yAne bAramA me devara kI pratiSThA karanA hI pUjA kA uddezya hai| mUrtipUjA me yaha vizeSa smaraNIya hai ki manuSya apane saskAro ke upayukta vAtAvaraNa ko DhUMDhatA rahatA hai aura vAtAvaraNa milane se una bhAvanAo aura saMskAro ko hI balavAn karatA hai / kisI vyakti ko sinemA dekhane kI yAdata hai / yaha nayInayI tasvIreM dekhane ke lie aneka sinemA gharoM meM vividha samaya para paise dekara jAtA hai aura apane mana ke anukUla upasthita usa 'chaviprakana' ko dekhatA hai / / isase usake mana meM sthita citrAnubandhI rAga ko poSaNa milatA hai, aura usI rAga ko puSTa karane para punapuna. una chaviyoM ko dekhanA cAhatA hai bhagavAn ke devasvarUpa ko dekhane ke lie bhI susaMskRta grAtmA mandira jAne kA vrata letA hai aura apane mana me bhAvanA meM pUrva se hI vidyamAna sAtvika pravRtti ke poSaNa ke sAdhana mUrti meM pAkara aura adhika dharmAnurAgI hotA hai yo dekhA jAya to citradarzana aura munidarzana vyakti ke mana meM saMkucita ho rahe bhAvoM kA sparza kara ullita varamita karane meM sahAyaka hote hai| eka maMdirA pIne vAlA madya bikane ke sthAna ko dekhakara apanI 'pAkeTa' ke paise madya pIne meM lagAtA hai| vaha 'nazA' karake prasanna hotA hai 'madirAgRha' aura 'pAkeTa 1. 'nAmnA nArIti sAmAnya bhaginIbhAryayoriha' - bhaginI aura bhAryA me nArItva sAmAnya dhama samAna rUpa se vidyamAna hai parantu uname eka sevya hai, eka asevya hai / /

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pUjA : mUrti kI nahIM, matimAna kI 63 kA paMsA' to usakI pUrti meM sahAyaka hai| isa prakAra mUrtipUjA apane sampUrNa guNa samudAyoM ke saMrakSaNa kA sthAna manuSya kI bhAvanA hI uddezya kI ora daur3AtI hai tathA hai, ekatA prApta karane kA devI saMbala hai| manuSya ko pramaapanI utkaTa bubhukSA kI zAnti cAhatI hai| yaha bhAvanA ratA kA varadAna deva ke caraNoM meM baiThakara hI milatA hai| 'madya' pIne kI ora pravRtta hotI hai to loka meM gahita mUrti ke caraNoM meM hI usakA dehAbhimAna galita hotA hai kahI jAtI hai| kyoki madya pIne ke pariNAma, unameM vyaya aura prAtmA kA udagra puruSArtha udaya meM prAtA hai| bhavya kiyA hA paMsA tathA mala meM madya svayaM duSita hai| yaha pariNAmoM ko upasthita karane meM 'mUrtipUjA' kA pramukha prAtma-vinAza ke lie tridoSa sannipAta hai| usake pIne sthAna hai| jisa prakAra yuddha-prayANa karane vAlA sainika se vyakti kA cAritrika patana hotA hai| patana kA mArga bharata, bAhubalI, bhIma, arjuna, hanumAna, cakravartI khAravela 'unmatta' hI svIkAra karatA hai| ataH deza, jAti, samAja (ur3IsA), samara-kesarI, zrI cAmuNDarAya, mahArANA pratApa aura svaya prAtmA ke utkarSa ke lie devasthAnoM kI racanA praura zivAjI [mahArASTra] prAdi vIroM kA smaraNa kara kI jAtI hai| bhagavAna kI pratimA ko vidhipUrvaka una meM apane me atula zakti kA saMcaya karatA hai usI prakAra virAjamAna kiyA jAtA hai| bhagavAn kI pratimA-mUrti , prAtmA ke puruSArtha se mokSamArga ko prazasta karane vAlA unakA azepa samyak cAritra jo mAnava jAti ke lie bhagavAn kI pavitra pratimA ke darzana se apane meM satsAhasa zreyo mArga kA nirdezaka hai, darzaka ke mana-prANa para akita aura nirmalanA ko prApta karatA hai| hotA hai| jaise kisI sundarI ko dekhakara rAgI kA mana mUrtipUjA guNoM kI pUjA hai| vandanA ke pAtra to guNa prAkRSTa hotA hai, usI prakAra vItarAga pratimA ke hai| mUrti ke mAdhyama se pUjita bhagavAn ke guNoM kA smaraNa darzana mana me sasAra kI asAratA aura virAga kI prora vyakti ke guNoM ko nirmalatA pradAna karatA hai| nirmalatA pravRtta hone ke bhAva prabala hote hai| yaha manovaijJAnika se pariNAma-vizuddhi hotI hai aura pariNAma-vizuddhi ho satya hai / gAdhI jI ke tIna vAnara' manuSya kI bhAvanAoM cAvitra-mArga kI jananI hai| cAritra se mokSasiddhi hotI ko mArgastha rakhane ke sUcaka hI hai / 'mUrtipUjA' zabda me hai| ataH mUrtipUjA ko apadArtha mAnane vAle bahuta bhrama meM jo 'pUjA' zabda hai usakA abhiprAya hai -satkAra, bhakti, hai| unakI dRSTi prajJAna se prAcchanna hai| mUrtipUjA kI upaasnaa| jisa bhagavAn kI mUrti hai usake guNoM kA vizAla pRSThabhUmi se ve nitAta aparicita hai| manuSya bandana karanA aura unhoMne loka ko apane uttama cAritra apane uddhAra ke lie kisI-na-kisI saskAra kI pAThazAlA se sanmArga dikhAyA isake prati AtmA kI prazeSa gaharA- meM jAtA hai / devAlaya hI vaha saskAra-pAThazAlA hai / bhagaiyo se kRtajJatA jJApana karanA tathA unake samAna apane vAn kI mUti hI paramaguru hai / koI bhI samyak cetA bhavya mAtma-lAbha ke lie preraNA prApta karanA / mUrti kA darzana, isa pAThazAlAse lAbha uThAkara bhAgavata pada ko prApta kara usakI nitya pUjA sadA se mAnava me inhI udAra vizeSa- sakatA hai| . tAoM kI guNAdhAna prakriyA ko bala pradAna karatI rahI hai| mUrtipUjA kI prAcInatA Aja pramANita ho cukI hai| 'mohanajodar3o' aura 'har3appA' ke utkhanana se jo 5,000 ___ samAja ke dhArmika utthAna me mUrtipUjA ne mahAn / ___varSa prAcIna vastueM prApta huI hai uname bhagavAn prAdinAtha sahayoga diyA hai| bar3e-bar3e samAja dharma ke saMgaThana se hI (RSabhadevakI khaDagAsana pratimA bhI hai, jo nagna hai aura zaktizAlI banate hai aura apane prAtmika utthAna meM pravRtta jano kI mUrtipUjA ko 'sindhudhATI' sabhyatA taka le jAtI hai| hote haiN| samAja ke bahudhandhI, bahumukhI vyakti samudAya ko vaidika dharmAnuyAyiyo ne bhI bhagavAn RSabhanAtha ko Izvara kA avatAra batAyA hai aura muktimArga kA prathama mandiroM ke mAdhyama se eka sthAna para 'mAsthA ke kendra' upadezaka svIkAra kiyA hai| 'bhAgavata purANa' me bhagavAn milata hai| devAlaya sArvajanika hone se unhI me samAja vRSabhanAtha kA bar3A sajIva varNana paurANika maharSi vyAsadeva milakara vaiTha sakatA hai| vahA pavitra vAtAvaraNa rahatA hai ne kiyA hai| yogavAziSTha dakSiNAmUrti sahasranAma, vaizampA aura bhagavAn kA sAnnidhya bhii| isIlie samAja ke lie (zeSa prAvaraNa pRSTha 3 para)

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kavivara jagatarAma : vyaktitva aura kRtitva 5 zrI gokulaprasAda jaina, naI dillI jagatarAma (vi0 saM0 1720) kA apara nAma jagarAma kavivara kAzIdAsa ne apanI 'samyaktva-kaumudI' meM unako bhI thA / padmanandipaMcaviMzati bhASA ke kartA jagatarAma bhI rAmacandra kA putra mAnA hai|' 'padmanandipaMcaviMzatikA' saMbhavataH ye jagatarAma hI the jinhoMne vibhinna nAmoM se apanI ko prazasti meM uko spaSTatayA nandalAla kA putra mAnA racanAyeM prastuta kI haiN| inake pitAmaha kA nAma bhAI dAsa gayA hai / ' zrI prAracanda jI nAhaTA ne unako rAmacandra thaa| ye siMghala-gotrIya agravAla the / pahile ye pAnIpata meM kA putra mAnA hai|' rahate the aura bAda meM prAgarA pAkara rahane lage / prAgarA inake pitAmaha to gohAnA ke nivAsI the, kintu usa samaya prasiddha sAhityika kendra thA tathA kucha samaya unake dono putra pAnIpata me pAkara bama gae the| jagata pUrva hI vahAM banArasIdAsa jaise ucca kavi ho cuke the| rAma bAda meM prAgarA pAkara rahane lage the| yaha bAta to inake pitAmaha bhAI dAsa zrAvakoM meM uttama aura jagatarAma kI racanAoM se aura unake prAzrita kaviyo ke dhArmika kArya karAne meM prasiddha the| unakI patnI bhI kathanoM se bhI pramANita hotI hai ki jagatarAma maparivAra dhArmika pravRtti vAlI thiiN| unake do putra hue : rAmacandra AgarA meM basa gae the tathA tAjagana meM rAyate bAga me rahate aura nandalAla / donoM hI apane mAtA-pitA ke samAna the| ve auraMgajeba ke darabAra me kimI U~ce pada para grAsIna svastha, sundara aura guNI the|' jagatarAma nandalAla ke the aura rAjA kI padavI se vibhUpina the / isI kAraNa putra the yA rAmacandra ke, isa viSaya meM abhI matabheda hai| loga unheM jagatarApa bhI kahane lage the / kavivara kAzI. 1. 'bhAIdAsa mahI me jAniye, tA tiya kamalA sama maanie| 3. sujAnasiMgha nandalAla sunanda, jagatarAya suta hai TevAcada / tA suta prati sundara barabIra upaje doUguNa saayrdhiir|| jo lau sAgara sasi dinakara,tolau avicala eparivAra / / ' dAtA bhugatA dInadayAla, zrI jinadharma sadA prtipaal| -puNyaharSa, padmanandipaMcaviMzatikA, prazasti, prazasti rAmacaMda naMdalAla pravIna,mabaguNa gyAyaka samakita liin|| saMgraha, pR0 234 / -kavi kAzIdAsa, samyaktva-kaumudI; DA. jyoti- 4 agaracanda nAhaTA, 'mAgare ke sAhitya premI jagatarAya prasAda, hindI jaina sAhitya ke kucha kavi; anekAMta, jJAta aura unakA chandaratnAvalI grantha", bhAratIya varSa 10, kiraNa 10 / sAhitya, varSa 2, aMka 2, apraila 1957, prAgarA vizvatathA vidyAlaya, hindI vidyApITha, AgarA, pR0 181 / bhAIdAsa zrAvaka parasiddha, uttama karaNI kara jasa liddh| 5. sahara guhANAvAsI joi, pANIpatha Ai hai soi / naMdana doi bhaye tamu dhIra, rAmacada nandalAla suvIra // rAmacada suta jagata anUpa, jagatarAya guNa gyAyakabhUpa / / sAlibhadra kaliyuga me eha, bhAgyavaMta saba guNa ko geha / samyaktva-kaumudI, prazasti, anekAnta, varSa 10, ---puNyaharSa, padmanandipacaviMzatikA, prazasti saMgraha, kiraNa 10 / jayapura, agasta 1950, pR0 233 / / 6. sahara prAgarI hai sukha thAna, paratapi dause svarga vimAna / 2. 'rAmacada suta jagata anUpa, jagatarAya guNa gyAyaka bhuup|' cAro varan rahe sukha pAi,tahAM bahuzAstra racyA sukhdaai|| kAzIdAsa, saMmyaktva kaumudI, prazasti, anekAnta, varSa -padmanandipavizatikA, prazastisagraha, pR0234 / 10, kiraNa 1. / 7. anekAnta, varSa 10, kiraNa 10, pR. 375 /

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kavivara jagatarAma : vyaktitva aura kRtitva dAsa ne to unheM 'bhUpa' aura 'mahArAja' jaisI vizeSaNa- praraNA se prAgare meM kI thii| yaha hindI sAhitya kA eka sUcaka sajJAoM se abhihita kiyA hai| anUThA grantha hai| jagatarAya ne sabhI upalabdha chanda-zAstroM svayaM rAjA hote hue bhI unameM ahaMkAra kiMcit bhI kA adhyayana karake isa grantha kI racanA kI thii| isakI nahIM thaa| ve kAzIdAsa Adi aneka kaviyoM ke prAzraya- eka hastalikhita prati digambara jaina nayA mandira, dharmapurA, dAtA the| zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ke anusAra, 'jagatarAya dillI ke sarasvatI bhaNDAra me surakSita hai| usake zurU eka prabhAvazAlI, dharma premI aura kavi-pAzrayadAtA tathA ke do padyoM meM himmatakhAna kA guNagAna kiyA gayA hai|" dAnavIra siddha hote hai / ' jagatarAma ke race hue aneka pada bhI mile haiN| inakI ___ jagatarAma kA sAhityika jIvana vi0 saM0 1720 se laghumagala nAma kI eka kRti bhI milatI hai jisameM 1740 taka rhaa| jagatarAma kI racanAoM ke viSaya meM kevala 13 padya haiM aura di. jaina mandira, bar3auta ke guTakA matabheda hai| paM0 nAtha rAmajI premI apane 'digambara jaina sa054 meM patra saM016-1.2 para aMkita haiN| granthakartA aura unake grantha' meM jagatarAya kI tIna chando- inakI jaina-padAvalI kI sUcanA kAzI nAgarI pracAbaddha racanAmoM kA ullekha karate hai: 'pAgamavilAsa', riNI patrikA ke pandrahaveM vArSika vivaraNa me saMkhyA 14 'samyaktva komudI' aura 'padmanandipaMcaviMzatikA' / kI praviSTi se prApta hotI hai| yaha racanA jaina mandira, dillI ke naye mandira aura seTha ke kaMce ke mandira ko kirAvalI (AgarA) se upalabdha huI thii| isameM zrI anekAnta ke varSa 4, aMka 6, 7, 8 meM prakAzita grantha jagatarAma ke race hae 233 pada hai| unake bAre meM ukta sUcI ke anusAra, jagatarAya 'chanda ratnAvalI' aura 'jJAnA- patrikA kI pAlocanAtmaka TippaNI meM likhA hai ki nAnI pAla na nanda zrAvakAcAra, gadya grantha ke bhI racayitA the / 'inhone praSTa chApa kaviyoM kI zalI para pado kI racanAeM dillI kI grantha sUcI ke anusAra, inakA 'mAgama- kI, jinakA eka sagraha prathama khoja meM prathama bAra upalabdha vilAsa' eka kAvya saMgraha hai jisakA saMgraha mainapurI meM hamA haiN| isameM tIrthakaro kI stutiyA~ sundara padoM meM vi0 saM0 1984 kI mAgha sudI 14 ko kiyA gayA thaa| varNana kI gaI hai"| jagatarAma ke pada choTe kintu bar3e sarasa yaha kRti puNyahapaM aura unake ziSya abhayakuzala kI hai aura bhAvapravaNa hai, mAno kavi ne uname apanA hRdaya uMDela aura unhone isakI racanA phAlguna sudI 10, vi0 saM0 diyA ho| 1722 ko prAgare me jagatarAya ke lie kI thii|" kavivara kA eka pada isa prakAra haijagatarAma ne 'candaratnAvalI' kI racanA vi0 saM0 'prabhu bina kauna hamArI sahAI // Teka / / 1730 kArtika sudI me Agare ke navAba himmatakhAna kI aura sabai svAratha ke sAthI, tuma paramAratha bhAI // 1 // 8. kAzIdAsa, samyaktva-kaumudI, prazasti aura puSpikA, chado grantha jitaka hai, kari ika Thaure prAni / anekAnta, varSa 10, kiraNa 10 / samujhi sabako sAra le, ratanAvalI bakhAni // 4 // 6. agravAla hai umagyAni, siMghala gautra vasudhA vikhyAta / chanda ratnAvalI, nayA mandira, dharmapurA, dillI kI prati, puNyaharSa, padmanandipavizatikA, prazasti aura saMgraha, sakhyA 61 / pR0 233 / 13. 'ujjala jasa abara karyo dasa disa himmatakhAna / 1..zrI jJAnacaMda jainI, digambara jaina bhASA grantha nAmAvalI, mukatA taji sura sundarina, bhUSana kiyo kAna / lAhaura, san 1901 I0, pR0 4, nN08| himmatakhAM soM ari kapata, bhAjata lai lai jIya / 11. padmanandipaMcaviMzatikA, prazasti, bhAratIya sAhitya, prari ri hameM haM saMga lai, bolata tinakI tIna // pR0 181 / vahI, pR0183 / 12. jugatarAI so yoM kahyo, himmatakhAna bulAI / 14. kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA kA pandrahavAM vArSika piMgala prAkRta kaThina hai, bhASA tAhi banAI // 3 // vivaraNa, saMkhyA 14 /

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26, varSa 26, ki0 2 bhUla hamArI hI hamako iha, bhayI mahA dukhadAI viSaya kAya sasya saMga seyo, tumhI sudha bisarAI || 2 || una isiyo viSa jora bhayo taba moha lahari caDhi bhAI / bhakti jar3I tAke haribeM kUM, gura gArur3a batAI // 3 // yAteM carana sarana bhAye hai, mana paratIti upAI / aba jagatarAya sahAya kI behI sAhiba sebagatAI ||4|| isa pada meM kavi apanI bhUla svIkAra karate huye kahatA hai ki hama prApake caraNa kI zaraNa meM zrAye hai, hama para kRpA kIjie / zrApake atirikta anya saba devatA svArtha ke sAthI hai| manekAnta jagatarAma ke padoM meM AdhyAtmika phAgunoM kA nokhA saundarya choTe-choTe rUpakoM me prastuta kiyA gayA hai, " yathA 15 "sudha budhi] gorI saMga lekara, suruvi gulAla lagA rete re / samatA jala picakArI, karuNA kesara guNa chirakAya re tere // anubhava pAni supArI caracAni, sarasa raMga lagAya re tere / rAma kahe je iha vidhi bele, mokSa mahala meM jAya re || su0|| ' jagatarAma ne jaina padAvalI ke atirikta aura bhI anekoM padoM kI racanA kI thii| bar3auta ke di0 jaina mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra ke eka padasaMgraha me jagatarAma ke saikar3oM pada [paMkita hai| unake pada jayapura ke badhIpada jI ke zAstra bhaNDAra ke guTakA naM0 134 me bhI niviSTa hai / jagatarAma ne apane nAma ke sthAna para kahI 'rAma' aura kahIM 'jagarAma' bhI likhA hai / unake padoM ko prAdhyAtmika aura bhaktiparaka padoM kI koTi me rakhA jA sakatA hai / kavi kI racanA dekhie". "mohi samani lAgI ho jina jI tuma darasana kI // Teka // sumati cAtakI kI pyArI jo pAvasa Rtu sama mAnavacana barasana kI // 1 // bAra-bAra tumako kahA kahie tuma saba lAyaka ho meTo vithA tarasana kI / tribhuvanapati jagarAma prabhu aba sevaka ko do sevA pada parasana kI ||2|| ' bhakta kavi ko prabhu kI chavi anupama lagatI hai| use 15. zrI mahAvIrajI pratiyakSetra kA eka prAcIna guTakA, sAija 86, pR0 160 / - pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki aise prabhu ke smaraNa se hI mukti milatI hai - 'pradabhuta rUpa anUpama mahimA tIna loka meM chAje / jAkI chavi dekhata indrAdika candra sUrya gaNa lAjai // pari anurAga vilokata jAko azubha karama taji bhaaje| jo jagatarAma bane gumarana to anahada bAjA bAje // ' nimna pada me bhI kavi isI Azaya kA bhAva vyakta karate hue kahatA hai ki prabhu ke smaraNa se sabhI kArya siddha ho jAte hai / ataH isameM zrAlasya nahI karanA cAhie, kyoMki yatna ke binA kArya bigar3a jAte hai'jatana vina kAraja vigarata bhAI // prabhu sumarana teM saba sudharata hai, yA me vaya balasAI // 1 // vilInatA dukha upajAvata lAgata jahA~ lalacAI // caturana ko vyohAra naya jahAM, samajha na parata ThagAI // 2 // sataguru zikSA amRta pIvI, bhaya karana kaThora lagAI || jyoM zrajarAmara pada ko pAvo, jagatarAma sukhadAI // 3 // ' kavivara ne svayaM ko prabhu ke dAsa ke rUpa meM bhI prastuta kiyA hai| ve prabhu ke caraNoM ke nikaTa hI rahane kI AkAMkSA rakhate hai -- prabhujI ho // hI jina merA // 1 // karama rahe kara berA / 'tuma sAhiba maiM berA merA cUka cAkarI mo verA kI sAhiba Tahala yathAvidhi bana nahI bhAve, mero avaguNa itanI hI lIje, niza dina sumana terA ||2|| karo anugraha aba mujha kAra meTo ava urajherA / 'jagatarAma' kara jor3a vInavaM rAkhau caraNana nerA ||3|| ' nemIzvara rAjula ke kathAnaka para prAcArita isI prakAra ke eka anya pada me rAjula nemIzvara kI sundara, zyAmala aura salonI mukhAkRti para zrAsakta hai tathA usase use dekhe binA nahIM rahA jAtA / vaha bhI nemIzvara ke sAtha tapazcaraNa ko jAnA cAhatI hai| isake atirikta use aura kucha nahIM suhAtA pada isa prakAra hai'sakhIrI vina dekhe rahyo na jAya, yerI mohi prabhu ko darasa karAya || sundara syAma salaunI mUrati naga rahe nirasana lalacAya // 1 // 16. mandira badhIcandajI, jayapura, pada-saMgraha 0 492, patra 78 / 74 /

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tana sUkamAla mAra jiha mAryo, tAsI moha rahyau thrraay| vikAroM kA sundara vizleSaNa humA hai| inake pada svodajaga prabhu nemisaMga tapa karanau, boSaka bhI haiN| aba mohi pora na kachu suhAya // 2 // ' kavivara ne pada-racanA kaba prArambha kI thI, isakA jagatarAma hindI ke ucca koTi ke kavi aura vidvAna koI prAmANika ullekha to nahIM milatA hai kintu aisA the| ve prAgare kI pradhyAtma zailI ke unnAyaka bhI the| pratIta hotA hai ki ye apane jIvana ke antima caraNa meM kavivara ke saikar3oM pada prApta hote hai| inake adhi- bhajanAnandI ho gae the| kAMza pada bhakti, stuti aura prArthanA paraka hai / kucha pado padoM kI bhASA para rAjasthAnI evaM bujabhASA kA meM jainAcAra kA vizleSaNa bhI kiyA gayA hai| nemIzvara prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| prAyaH sabhI pada sarasatA, aura rAjala ke kathAnaka para prAdhArita kI aneka pada hai bhAvapravaNatA evaM mAmikatA meM eka se eka bar3hakara hai| jo inake zRgArika padoM kI koTi me bhI rakhe jA sakate 3, rAmanagara, haiN| prAdhyAtmika padoM meM mithyAtva, rAga-dveSa eva krodhAdi naI dillI-55 000 [pRSTha 63 kA zeSAMza] yana sahasranAma, durvAsA RSikRta mahimna: stotra, hanumannA- mAnanA ki mAja skUla, kAlija maura vividhAlA Taka, rudrayAmala taMtra, gaNezapurANa, vyAsasUtra, prabhAtapurANa, adhika hai tathA sAkSaratA kA pracAra pUrvApekSayA vyApaka manusmRti, Rgveda aura yajurveda meM jainadharma kA ullekha prataH jJAna bar3hA hai, nitAnta bhrAnti hai / jJAna mAtmA kA hamA hai aura isakI sanAtana prAcInatA ko vaidika paurA- dharma hai aura sAkSaratA loka vyavahAra calAne kA mA Nika manISiyoM ne sAgraha svIkAra kiyA hai| hai| jJAna kA mArga cAritra se milakara kRtArtha hotA hai 'sindhughATI sabhyatA ke anveSaka zrIrAmaprasAda candA aura sAkSaratA se loka ke bahiraMga-ramaNIya nazpara upa. kA kathana hai ki-'sindhughATI meM prApta devamUrtiyAM na karaNoM ke upabhoga kI pravRtti pradhika jAgata hota kevala baiThI huI 'yogamudrA' meM hai apitu khaDgAsana deva- mokSa ke lie 'tuSa-mASa' mAtra bhedajJAna rakhane vAlA sAkSara martiyAM bhI haiM jo yoga kI 'kAyotsarga' madrA me haiN| na hote hue bhI jJAnavAn hai aura vizvavidyAlaya kI / sarvocca upAdhi se alaMkRta bhI madyamAMsa niSevI, vyavasanA. kAyotsarga kI ye viziSTa mudrAe 'jana' hai| 'prAdipurANa' . maura anya jaina granthoM meM isa kAyotsarga madrA kA ullekha bhibhUta, svapara-pratyaya rahita kAryAlayoM meM kAmabacAU RSabha yA RSabhanAtha ke tapazcaraNa ke sambandha me bahudhA adhikArI to hai, kintu jJAnI nhiiN| sAkSara meM maura kiyA gayA hai| ye mUrtiyAM IsavI sana ke prArambhika kAla jJAnavAna meM yahI maulika bheda hai| pratyeka padanikSepa ko milatI haiM aura prAcIna mizra ke prArambhika rAjya kAla 'pragati' hI nahIM hotA, pragati athavA pazcAdgati bhI ho ke samaya kI, donoM hAtha lambita kiye khar3I mUrtiyoM ke sakatA hai| prAja pragati kA nAma liyA jAtA hai| parantu rUpa meM milatI haiN| prAcIna misra mUrtiyoM meM tathA prAcIna vAstava meM to yaha pragati hai, adhogati aura 'pazcAd gati hI hai| jitanA vyasanoM se prAja kA mAnaba abhibhUta hai, yunAnI 'kuroha' mUrtiyoM meM prAyaH khar3agAsana meM hAtha laTakAye hue samAnAkRtika mudrAe hai tathApi unameM dehotsarga pUrvakAla meM nahI thaa| pahale manuSya meM sAtvikatA paura kA (niHsaMgatka kA) vaha prabhAva hai jo sindhughATI kI dharmAcaraNa kI pravRtti thI, bhAja bhogalipsAyeM aura svarAmUrtiyoM meM milA hai|' caraNa bar3ha gayA hai| etAvatApUrva kA mAnava svastha thA, prAja mAnasika rUpa se ghora rugNa hai / ataH cikitsA kI prAcIna yuga kI apekSA mAja mUtti pUjA kI adhika mAja madhika aAvazyakatA hai| sAkSaratA aura jJAna kA pAvazyakatA pratIta hotI hai, kyoMki jJAna ke kSetra meM prAja samanvaya hone se zreyomArga kI upalabdhi sulabha ho jAtI kA mAnava pUrvayugIna mAnava se pichar3A huA hai| yaha hai| 000 katA hai| sAkSaratA samanvaya hone char3A humA hai|

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vIra-sevA-mandira ke upayogI prakAzana purAtana jainavAkya-sUcI prAkRta ke prAcIna 46 mUna-pranthoM kI padAnukramaNI, jisake sAtha 46 TIkAdi granthoM meM udghRta dUsare patha kI bhI lagI huI hai| milAkara 25253 kyoM kI sUcI saMpAdaka mukhtAra zrI jugalakizora jI kI pUrNa mahatva ko 7 pRSTha kI prastAvanA me alakRta, DA0 kAlIdAsa nAga, ema. e., DI. liT ke prAkkathana ( Foreword ) aura DA0 e. ena. upAdhye, ema. e. DI. liT. kI bhUmikA ( Introduction) se bhUpita hai| zodha-khoja ke vidvAnoM ke lie atIva upayogI, bar3A sAija, majilda / prAptaparIkSA zrI vidyAnandAcArya kI svopajJa saTIka pUrva kRti prAptoM ko parIkSA dvArA Izvara-viSayaka : sundara vivecana ko lie hue, nyAyAcArya paM darabArIlAlajI ke hindI anuvAda se yukta, sajilda / svayambhU stotra samantabhadra bhAratI kA apUrva granya, mustAra zrI jugalakizorajI ke hindI anuvAda tathA mahatva kI gaveSaNApUrNa prastAvanA me suzobhita vividyA: svAmI samantabhadra kI anokhI kRti, pApo ke jItane kI kalA, saTIka, mAnuvAda aura zrI jugalakizora mukhtAra kI mahattva kI prastAvanAdi se alakRta sundara jilda-sahita / mradhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa pacAdhyAyakAra kavi rAjamala kI sundara sAdhyAtmika racanA, hindI anuvAda-mahita : puktyanuzAsana : tattvajJAna se paripUrNa, samantabhadra kI asAdhAraNa kRti, jisakA abhI taka hindI anuvAda nahI / huA thaa| mukhtArI ke hindI anuvAda aura prastAvanAdi meM prakRta saji samIcIna dharmazAstra : svAmI samantabhadra kA gRhasthAcAra viSayaka gratyuttama prAcIna grantha, mukhtAra tAra zrI jugala kizora jI ke vivecanAtmaka hindI bhASya aura gaveSaNAtmaka prastAvanA se yukta, sajilda / anagrantha prazasti saMgraha, bhAga 1 : maskRta pro prAkRta ke 171 R. N. 10591/62 prakAzita granthoM kI prazastiyoM kA maMgalAcaraNa sahita pUrva sagraha, upayogI 11 pariziSTo aura paM0 paramAnanda zAstroM kI itihAsa viSayaka sAhitya paricayAtmaka prastAvanA meM alakRta, sajilda | ... samAtintra aura iSTopadeza: adhyAtmakRti paramAnanda zAstrI kI hindI TIkA sahita zravaNabelagola dhaura dakSiNa ke anya jaina tIrtha / granthakAro ke aitihAsika graMtha-paricaya aura pariziSTo sahita) myAya domikA para abhinava dharmabhUSaNa kI kRti kA pro0Da0 sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza pRSTha saMkhyA 740 kAyapAsUna mUla grantha kI racanA grAma se do hajAra varSa pUrva zrI madhyAtma rahasya paM zrAzAvara kI sundara kRti, mukhtAra jI ke hindI anuvAda sahita / ganya prazasti saMgraha bhAga 2: apabhraMza ke 122 aprakAzita granthoM kI prazastiyoM kA mahatvapUrNa sagraha pavana paramAnanda zAstrI / sajilda | pAnI dvArA sa0 pra0 lAjI kI, jisa para zrI yativRSabhAcArya ne pandraha sau varSa pUrva chaha hajAra zloka pramANa cUrNisUtra likhe| sampAdaka paM hIrAlAlajI siddhAnta zAstrI, upayogI pariziSTo aura hindI anuvAda ke sAtha bar3e sAija ke 1000 se bhI adhika pRSTho meM puSTa kAgaja aura kapar3e kI pakkI jilda Reality prA0 pUjyapAda kI sarvArthasiddhi kA bhagrejI meM anuvAda baDe mAkAra ke 300 pR. pakkI jilda nirasnAvalI zrI milApacandra tathA zrI ratanalAla kaTAriyA : 1500 dhyAnAtaka (dhyAnastava sahita ) sapAdaka paM0 [vAsacandra siddhAnta-zAstrI dhAvaka dharma saMhitA bhI darayAvasiMha sodhiyA jana lakSaNAvalI (tIna bhAgoM meM ) : (tRtIya bhAga mudraNAdhIna) prathama bhAga 2500; dvitIya bhAga Jain Bibliography (Universal Encyclopaedia of Jain References) prakAzaka - vIra sevA mandira ke lie rUpavANI priMTiMga hAusa, dariyAgaja, dillI se mudrita / 8-00 200 1 50 15.0 1-25 360 400 4-00 1-25 100 5-00 20-00 6-00 5-00 12.00 5-00 25-00 (Under print)

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traimAsika zodha patrikA anekAnta varSa 26 : kiraNa 3 julAI-sitambara 1976 viSayanukramaNikA parAmarza-maNDala zrI yazapAla jaina DA0premasAgara jaina mampAdaka zrI gokulaprasAda jaina ema.e., ela-ela.bI., sAhityaratna kama viSaya 1. uvasaggahara- zrI bhadrabAhu viracitam 2. svAdhyAya-upAdhyAya mani zrI vidyAnanda 3. bhAratIya pramANa-zAstra ke vikAsa meM jaina paramparA kA yogadAna-mani zrI nathamala 4. prAdipugaNa bhe rAjanIti - DA0 ramezacandra jaina 5. kArItalAI kI dvimUrtikA jana pratimAeM --zrI zivakumAra nAmadeva 6. kAlidAsa ke kAvyoM meM ahimA aura jainatva -zrI premacanda rAvakA 7. madhya yuga me jaina dharma aura saMskRti --kumArI razmibAlA jaina, ema. e. 8. zuga kuSANa kAlIna jaina zilpakalA -zrI zivakumAra nAmadeba 6 chIhala kI eka durlabha prabandhakRti _ -- zrI azokakumAra mizra | 01. jaina vAGmaya meM Ayurveda-prAcArya zrI rAjakumAra jaina vArSika mUlya 6) rupayA eka kiraNa kAma : 1 rupayA 25 paisA prakAzaka vIra sevA mandira, 21 dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-2

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___ vIra sevA mandira sthApita : 1926 vIra sevA mandira samAja ke aise dharmavatsala 1000 vidyAvAniyoM kI AvazyakatA hai jo tirpha eka vAra anudAna dekara jIrA 1, dariyAgaja, naI dillI-2 bhara zAstravAna ke utkRSTa puNya kA saMcaya karate rheN| dhIra sevA mandira uttara bhArata kA agraNI jaina bIra sevAmandira' kI sthApanA prA me 40 varSa pUrva saskRti, sAtya, itihAsa, purAtattva ,evaM darzana zodha sva. zrI jugalakizora mukhtAra, sva0 bhI choTelAla jaina | saMsthAna hai jo 1926 se pranavarata apane punIta uddezyoM kI tathA vartamAna adhyakSa zrI zAntiprasAda jaina prabhRti jAgrata sampUrti me salagna rahA hai / isake pAvana uddezya isa prakAra hai :-- cetanAmoM ke satprayatnoM se huI thii| taba se jainadarzana ke - jaina-janetara purAtatva sAmagrI kA saMgraha, saMkalana pracAra tathA Thosa sAhitya ke prakAzana meM vIra sevA mandira aura prakAzana / ne jo mahattvapUrNa kArya kiye haiM ve suvidita hai aura unake 0 prAcIna jaina-janetara granthoM kA uddhAra / mahattva ko na sirpha bhArata meM balki videzoM meM bhI vidvAnoM 0 loka hitArtha nava sAhitya kA sRjana, prakaTIkaraNa aura ne muktakaNTha se mAnA hai| prcaar| dhIra sevA mandira' ke apane vizAla bhavana meM eka 0 'mane kAnta' patrAdi dvArA janatA ke prAcAra-vicAra suniyojita granyAgAra hai jisakA samaya-samaya para risarca ko UMcA uThAne kA prayatna / karane vAle chAtra upayoga karate hai| dillI se bAhara ke " jaina sAhitya, itihAsa aura tattvajJAna viSayaka anuzodhakartA chAtroM ke lie yahAM Thaharakara kArya karane ke lie saMghAnAdi kAryoM kA prasAdhana aura unake prone janArtha chAtrAvAsa kI bhI vyavasthA hai| vRttiyoM kA vidhAna tathA puraskArAdi kA prAyojana / ba taka jo bhI kArya hue haiM, Apake sahayoga se hI vividha upayogI saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraza, hindI evaM ho pAe hai / yadi 'vIra sevA mandira' kI kamajora prAthika | aMgrejI prakAzanoM; jaina sAhitya, itihAsa aura tattvajJAna sthiti ko prApakA thor3A sambala mila jAe to kArya adhika viSayaka godha-anusaMdhAna ; suvizAla evaM nirantara pravardhavyavasthita tathA gatimAna ho jaae| 'pApa 251 ru0 mAtra mAna granthagAra; jaina maMskRti, sAhitya, itihAsa evaM purAdekara prAjIvana sadasya bana jAeM' to pApakI sahAyatA tatva ke samartha agradUta 'anekAnta' ke nirantara prakAzana evaM jIvana bhara ke lie 'vIra sevA mandira' ko prApta ho anya anekAneka vividha sAhityika aura sAMskRtika gatisakatI hai| sadasyo ko 'vIra sevA mandira' kA traimAsika vidhiyoM dvArA vIra sevA mandira gata 46 varSa se .nirantara patra "anekAnta" ni.zulka bhejA jAtA hai tathA anya sabhI sevArata rahA hai evaM uttarottara vikAsamAna hai| prakAzana do tihAI mUlya para die jAte hai| yaha sasthA apane vividha ki.pA-kalApo meM hara prakAra se hame vizvAma hai ki dharma premI mahAn bhAva isa dizA mApakA mahattvapUrNa sahayoga eva pUrNa protsAhana pAne kI me saMsthA vI sahAyatA svaya to kareMge hI, anya vidyA adhikAriNI hai| ataH Apame sAnurodha nivedana hai ki :--- premiyoM ko bhI isa ora prerita krege| 1. vIra sevA mandira ke sadasya bana kara dharma prabhAvanAtmaka --- mahendrasaina jainI, mahAsaciva kAryakramo meM sakriya yogadAna kreN| 2. vIra sevA mandira ke prakAzano ko mya apane upayoga 'anekAnta' ke svAmitva sambandhI vivaraNa / ke lie tathA vividha mAMgalika avasaroM para apane prakAzana sthAna-borasevAmandira, 21 dariyAgaMja, naI dillI priyajanoM ko bheMTa meM dene ke lie khriideN| madraka-prakAzana - vIra sevA mandira ke nimitta 3. traimAsika zova patrikA 'anekAnta' ke grAhaka banakara prakAzana pradhi... mAsika zrI promaprakAza jaina | | jaina saMskRti, sAhitya itihAsa eva purAtatva ke zodhA mATiya ni: rASTrikatA--bhAratIya patA-23, dariyAgaMja, dillI-2 nusandhAna me yoga deN| sampAdaka-zrI gokulaprasAda jaina 4. vividha dhArmika, sAMskRtika paryo evaM dAnAdi ke pravarASTriyatA- bhAratIya 3, rAmanagara, naI dillI-55 sage para mahata uddezyoM kI pUti meM vIra sevA mandira svAmitva-vIra sevA mandira, 21 dariyAgaja, naI dillI-2 kI Arthika sahAyatA kreN| -~-gokula prasAda jaina (saciva) ___ maiM, momaprakAza jaina, etaddvArA ghopita karatA hU~ ki merI pUrNa jAnakArI evaM vizvAsa ke anusAra upayukta anekAnta me prakAzita vidAne ke lie sampAdaka vivaraNa satya hai| -momaprakAza, ana prakAzaka maNDala uttaradAyI nahIM hai| -sampAdaka

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prom maham anekAnta paramAgamasya bIjaM niSiddhajAtyandhasindharavidhAnam / sakalanavilasitAnAM virodhamathanaM namAmyanekAntam / / varSa 26 kiraNa 3 vIra-sevA-mandira, 21 dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-2 vIra nirvANa savat 2502, vi0 ma0 2032 julAI-sitambara 1676 / uvasaggaharaM uvasaggaharaM pAsaM pAsaM vaMdAmi kammaghaNamukkaM / visahara-visaNiNNAsaM maMgala-kallANa-prAvAsaM // 1 // visahara phuligamataM kaMThe dhAreI jo sayA mnnupro| tassa gaharogamAro duTThajarA jaMti usAmaM // 2 // ciThThau dUre maMto, tujjha paNAmovi bahuphalo hoi / Naratirie suvi jIvA pAvaMti Na dukkhadogaccaM // 3 // tuha sammate laddhe citAmaNi kpppaayvaabhhie| pAvaMti aviggheNaM jIvA ayarAmaraM ThANaM // 4 // ina saMthagro mahAyasa ! bhattibbhara ninbhareNa hipaeNa / tA deva dijja bohiM bhave bhave pAsa jiNacaMda // 5 / / OM amarataru kAmadheNa cintAmaNi kAmakuMbhamAiyA / siripAsanAha sevAggahANa savve vi dAsattaM / / 6 / / 'upasargaharaM stotra kRtaM shriibhdrbaahunaa| jJAnAdityena saghAya zAntaye maMgalAya ca / / ' -zrIbhadrabAhu viracitam artha-maiM ghAtiya kama se vimukta upasargahArI bhagavAna zrI pArzvanAtha kI vandanA karatA huuN| bhagavAna viSadhara ke vipa kA mana karane vAle hai tathA maMgala eva kalyANa ke nivAsa haiN| viSaharaNa zakti se sphaliga ke samAna doptimAna isa stotra ko jo manuSya nitya kaNTha meM dhAraNa karatA hai (kaNThastha rakhatA hai, kama dvArA uccAraNa karatA hai| usake grahapAr3A, roga, mahAmAro tathA vArdhakya se utpanna duSTa vyAdhiyA zAnta ho jAtI haiN| he bhagavana ! matropacAra to dUra kI bAta hai, use rahane deM to bhI Apako thaddhAbhakti me kiyA gayA eka praNAma bhI bahaphaladAyI hotA hai| nara aura tiyaka gati meM unpanna jIva prApakI bhakti me duHkha tathA durgati nahIM paate| cintAmaNi aura kalpa pAdapasamAna aApake samyaktva jo prApta kara jIva nivighna ajara-amara sthAna prApta kara lete hai| he mahAn yazasvina ! bhakti kI atizayatA se bharita hRdaya se maiM ApakI stuti karatA huuN| he pArzva jinacandra ! mujhe bodhilAbha ho, aisI prArthanA hai|

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svAdhyAya 0 upAdhyAya munizrI vidyAnanna "Navi asthi vi ya hohadi, sajjhAyasamaM tavo kammaM // " __-prAcArya kundakunda, mUlAcAra 10/82 'svAdhyAya' tapa ke sAmAna dUsarA koI kArya na hai aura na hogaa| pazu jIvana se zreSTha hai, kyoki pazu usI prakAra aneka dArzaniko, cintanazIlo, vicArakoM aura manuSya ke viveka me antara hai| pazu kA viveka evaM vidvAnoM ke dvArA pratipAdita anubhana tathyoM kI ekapAhAra, nidrA, bhaya aura mathuna taka sImita hai kintu manuSya eka zabda rAzi se, bhAvasamAdA se, arthaviziSTatA se kA viveka isase Upara uTha kara cintana kI asImatA ko grantha rUpa meM janma lekara jJAna hamAre kRpAnu pUrvajo ne, mApatA hai| usakI jijJAsA se darzana zAstroM kA janma pUrvavartI vicArako ne, hamAre lie chor3A hai| jaise jalahotA hai, usake jJAna se sva-para kI bheda-vidyA kA kaNo se kumbha bhara jAtA hai usI prakAra aneka dArzanikoM prAdurbhAva hotA hai| vaha iha aura aparatra lokoM ke viSaya cintanazIlo, vicArako eva vidvAnoM ke dvArA pratipAdita meM mAtmamanthana kI chAyA me navIna upalabdhiyo se mAnava anubhata tathyoM kI eka-eka zabdarAzi se, bhAva sampadA samAja ke buddhi, cintana aura cetanA ke gharAtala kA se, arthaviziSTatA se grantharUpa meM janma lekara jJAna-vijJAna navIna nirmANa karatA hai| maiM kauna ha? janma-maraNa kyA kI apAra vibhUtiyoM ne hamAre prAtmadarzana ke mArga ko kA apAra vibhUtiyA na hai ? saMsAra se merA kyA sambandha hai ? mujhe kahA~ jAnA prazasta kiyA hai| una mArasvata mahaSiyoM ke apAra RNAhai? anantAnabandhI karmazRMkhalA kA anta kahA hai ? nabandha se hama uRNa nahIM ho sakate / jaba kisI grantha ityAdi dArzanika praznAvalI ke UhApoha manuSya me hI ko par3hate hai, use alpakAla me hI par3ha lete hai, kintu usakI ho sakate hai| cintana kI isa sahaja dhAga kA udaya sabhI eka-eka zabda-yojanA me, paktilekhana meM, viSaya pratimAnavoM meM hotA hai kintu kucha loga hI isa anAhata pAdana meM aura anya pariyojana kI pratipAdana vidhi meM dhvani ko suna pAte hai| sunane vAlo me bhI kucha pratizata mUla lekhaka ko, vicAraka ko kitane dina, mAsa, varSa vyakti hI gambhIratA se vicAra kara pAte hai aura una lage hoge, kitane kAla kI adhIta vidyA kA nicor3a vicArakoM meM bhI bahuta thoDe loga hote hai jo apane cintana usane usame nihita kiyA hogA ise parakhane kA tulAdaNDa kI pariNati se cAritra ko kRtArtha karate hai, kyoMki 'baddhaH hamAre pAsa kyA hai ? tathApi yadi hamane kisI kI racanA phalaM hyAtmahita pravRttiH' arthAt Atmahita kA jJAna cintana- ke eka zabda ko, prAdhe mUtra ko aura eka paMkti-zloka zIla manISiyo ne grantha bhaNDArI ke rUpa apanI uttarAdhi. ko bhI yathAvata samajhane kA prayAsa karane me apanI kAriNI mAnava pIDhI ko sauMpA hai| eka vyakti kisI Atmika tanmayatA lagAyI hai to nissandeha vaha lekhaka eka viSaya para jitanA de nahI sakatA, utanA aparimita svargastha hokara bhI kRtakRtya ho utthegaa| lekhaka ke zrama jJAna hamAre kRpAlu pUrvajo ne aura pUrvavartI vicArako ne hamAre ko usa para anuzIlana karane vAle anuvAcaka hI saphala lie choDA hai| jaise jala kaNoM se kumbha bhara jAtA hai kara sakate hai| jaba taka zabda prayukta hokara mAhitya meM 1. 'svAdhyAya yadi nirantara karoti tathApi karma kSaya karotIti bhAvaH / '

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svAdhyAya nahIM utarate aura jaba taka koI kRti sahRdayoM ke hRdaya bhUkhA rahatA hai| mAnava kevala zarIra nahI hai vaha apane kA prAkarSaNa nahI kara letI taba taka zabda kA janma mastiSka kI zakti se hI mahAn hai| asvAdhyAyI isa (niSpannatA) aura kartA kA kRtitva kumAra hI hai| mahimAmaya mahattva ke avasara se vacita hI raha jAtA hai| zreSTha kRtiyoM ke adhyayana se hame vicAro me navIna zakti svAdhyAya na karane ke duSpariNAma svarUpa hI kucha loga jo kA unmeSa hotA hA pratIta hotA hai| nayI dizA, naye prAyu me prauDha hote hai, vicAro me bAlaka dekhe jAte haiN| vicAra naye zodha mora vaSya ke avasara nirantara svA- unake vicAra kaccI umra vAlo ke samAna apakva hote dhyAya karane vAloM ko prApta hote hai| hai aura isa praparipakvatA kI chAyA unake sabhI jIvanasvAdhyAya karate rahane se manuSya medhAvI hotA hai| myavahAro me dikhAyI detI hai| jo manuSya calatA rahatA zAna kI upAsanA kA mAdhyama svAdhyAya hA hai| svA- hai usake pAsa pApa nahI paate| svAdhyAya ke mAdhyama dhyAyazIla vyakti una viziSTa racanApro ke anuzAlana se vyakti paramAtmA aura paraloka se anAyAsa samparka se apane vyaktitva meM vizAlatA ko samAviSTa pAtA hai| sthApita kara letA hai| svAdhyAya prAbhyantara cakSutroM ke vaha racanAmo ke hI nahIM, apitu una-una racanAkAro ke lie aMjanazalAkA hai / divya dRSTi kA varadAna svAdhyAya se samparka me bhI prAtA hai jinakI pustake par3hatA hotA hai, hI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| vIvana me unnati prApta karane kyoki vyakti apane cintana ke pAraNAmA kA hA pustaka vAle niyamita svAdhyAyI the| eka bAra eka mahAzaya ko me nibaddha karatA hai| kona kaisA hai ? yaha usake dvArA lokamAnya tilaka kI sevA me baiThanA pdd'aa| vaha prAta:nimita sAhitya ko par3hakara sahaja hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| kAla se hI grantho ke vividha sandarbha-svAdhyAya me lage the svAdhyAyazIla vyakti kI vicArazakti aura cintanadhArA aura isa prakAra aura isa prakAra dopahara ho gii| uThakara unhoMne snAna kendrita ho jAtI hai| mana, jo nirantara bhaTakane kA kiyA aura bhojana kI thAlI para baiTha gye| prAgantuka ne mAdI hai, svAdhyAya meM lagA dene se sthira hAna lagatA hai| pUchA-kyA prApa saMdhyA nahI karate ? tilaka mahAzaya aura mana kI sthiratA prAtmopalabdhi me parama sahAyaka ne uttara diyA ki prAta:kAla se aba taka maiM 'sandhyA' hotI hai| etAvatA svAdhyAya ke sudUra pariNAma prAtmA hI to kara rahA thaa| vAstava meM svAdhyAya se upAjita ko utkarSa pradAna karate hai| jJAna ko yadi jIvana me nahI utArA gayA to niruddezya pustakAlayo, vyaktigata maMgrahAlayoM, grantha-bhaNDAroM 'jalatAr3ana kriyA' se kyA lAbha ? A~kho kI jyoti ko ko dImaka laga rahI hai| navayuvako kA jIvana svAdhyAya- manda kiyA, samaya khoyA aura jIvana meM pAyA kucha nahIM parAGmukha ho calA hai| jIvana rAta-dina yantra ke samAna to 'svAdhyAya' kA pariNAma kyA nikalA? svAdhyAya upArjana kI cakkI me pisa rahA hai| svAdhyAya kI pari- sva ke adhyayana ke lie hai| saMsAra kI nazvara prAkUlatA sthitiyA durlabha ho gaI hai aura badalatI paristhitiyo ke se Upara uThane ke lie hai| svAdhyAya kI thAlI meM parosA sAtha manuSya svaya bhI svAdhyAya ke prati virakta ho calA humA amRtamaya samaya jIvana ko amara banAne meM sahAyaka hai| usakA kAryAlayA se bacA humA samaya sinemA, reDiyo, hai| svAdhyAya se prAtmika teja jAgrata hotA hai, puNya tAza ke pattoM aura anya saste manorajano meM calA jAtA kI ora pravRtti hotI hai aura mohanIya karma kA kSaya karane hai| svAdhyAya zabda kI garimA se anajAne loga vicA- kI ora vicAra daur3ate hai| pUrvajo ne jisa vAstavika rako kI ratnasampadA samAna grantha mAlA se koI lAbha nahI sampatti kA uttarAdhikAra hame saupA hai usa 'vasIyatanAme' uThA paate| ko par3hanA vaise bhI hamArA naitika kartavya hai| svAdhyAyazIla na rahana se mana meM udAra sadaguNo ko zrata skandhaM ghImAn ramayatu manomarkaTamamum', yaha pUjI jamA nahI hotii| zarIra kA bhojanarUpI khurAka mana vAnara ke samAna cacala hai, isa jo zAstra svAdhyAya (mamnamaya prAhAra) to mila jAtI hai kintu mastiSka meM ekatAna kara detA hai vahI dhanya hai| svAdhyAya se heya

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100, varSa 26, ki03 anekAnta paura upAdeya kA jJAna hotA hai| yadi vaha na ho to dArzanika rAta-dina bhUkha pyAsa ko bhUlakara svAdhyAya meM 'vyarthaH zramaH zrato', zAstrAdhyayana se hone vAlA zrama vyartha lage rahate hai| svAmI gamatIrtha jaba jApAna gae to haisvAdhyAya karane para bhI mana me vicAramUDhatA hai, jJAna vyAkhyAna sabhA meM upasthita hone para unhe parAjita karane nAvaraNa hai, to kahanA par3egA ki usane svAdhyAya para kI bhAvanA se maMca sayojaka ne borDa para zunya (0) likha hakara bhI vAstava meM svAdhyAya nahI kiyaa| 'pANI diyA aura bhASaNa ke prathama kSaNa svAmI rAmatIrtha ko patA kona dIpena ki kUpe patatA phalam', dIpaka hAtha meM lekara calA ki unheM zUnya para bhASaNa karanA hai| unhoMne aura phira bhI kue~ meM gira par3e to dopagrahaNa kA jApAniyoM kI daSTi meM zanya pratIta hone bAle usa akicana nahI to kyA hai ? zAstroM kA svAdhyAya pramogha viSaya para itanA vidvattApUrNa bhASaNa diyA ki zrotA unake / yaha sUrya prabhA se bhI bar3hakara hai| jaba sUrya vaiduSya para dhanya-dhanya aura vAha-vAha kaha uThe / yaha unake ho jAtA hai taba manuSya dIpaka se dekhatA hai aura jaba vizAla bhAratIya vAimaya ke svAdhyAya kA hI phala thaa| nirvANa ho jAtA hai taba sarvatra andhakAra chA kAvyamImAMsAkAra rAjazekhara ne likhA hai ki jo bahujJa kinta usa samaya aghItavidyA kA svAdhyAya hI hotA hai vahI vyutpattimAna hotA hai| jisako syAdhyAya se mAloka kA prAvirbhAva karatA hai / yaha svA- kA vyasana hai vahI bahujJa ho sakatA hai / gosvAmI tulasIpAra meM utpanna pAloka timiragrasta nahIM hotaa| prakhaNDa dAsa ne rAmabhakti ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki jaise kAmI nayara jJAna svAdhyAya-rasiko ke samIpa 'nandAdIpa' puruSa ko nArI priya lagatI hai aura lobhI ko paisA priya nakara upasthita rahatA hai| svAdhyAya kI upAsanA lagatA hai usI prakAra jise bhakti priya lage vaha bhagavAna nA jIvana ko nitya niyamita rUpa se ko pA sakatA hai| ThIka yahI bAta svAdhyAya ke liye lAga mA~jane ke samAna hai| eka acche svAdhyAyI kA kahanA hai hotI hai| jo vyakti adhyayana ke liye apane ko anya ki yadi maiM eka dina nahI par3hatA hUM to mujhe apane Apa sabhI ora se ekAgra kara letA hai vahI svAdhyAya devatA meM eka vizeSa prakAra kI riktatA kA anubhava hotA hai ke sAkSAtkAra kA lAbha uThAtA hai| par3hane vAloM ne ghara aura yadi do dina svAdhyAya nahI karatA hUM to pAsa- para lempa ke prabhAva meM ma'ko para lage 'balbo' ke paDosa ke loga jAna jAte hai aura eka saptAha na par3hane meM jJAna ko jyoti ko bar3hAyA hai| jayapura ke prasiddha para sArA sasAra jAna letA hai| vAstava meM yaha atyanta vidvAn pa0 harinArAyaNa jI purohita ne bAjAra meM kisI satya hai kyoMki jisa prakAra udara ko anna denA dainika paThanIya pustaka ko bikate hue dekhaa| usa samaya unake mAvazyakatA hai usI prakAra mastiSka ko khurAka denA bhI pAsa pase nahI the, ata. unhone apanA kA kholakara usa anivArya hai| zarIra aura baddhi kA samanvaya banA rahe vikretA ke pAsa giravI rakha diyA aura pustaka dhara le isake lie donoM prakAra kA mAhAra Avazyaka hai| gaye / isalie unakA 'vidyAbhUSaNa' nAma sArthaka thaa| 'pajjhayaNameva jhANaM', madhyayana hI dhyAna hai, sAmayika hai, bhArata ke itihAsa ma esa aneka svAdhyAyaparAyaNa vyakti aisA prAcArya kundakunda kA mata hai| saMsAra meM jitane ho cuke hai| videzoM meM adhikAza vyaktiyoM ke gharo me ucca koTi ke lekhaka, vaktA aura vicAraka hue hai unake 'pustakAlaya' hai / ve apanI prAya kA eka nizcita yaza sirahAne pustakoM se bane hai| vizva ke jJAna-vijJAnarUpI pustake kharIdane me vyaya karate hai| dharma-granthoM kA dainika tuladhAra ko unhone prazAnta bhAva se prAMkhoM kI takalI pArAyaNa karane vAle svAdhyAyI prAja bhI bhArata meM vartamAna para aTerA hai aura usake guNamaya guccho se hRdaya-mandira hai| ve dhArmika svAdhyAya kiye binA anna-jala grahaNa nahIM ko koSAgAra kA rUpa diyA hai / lekhana kI praskhalita karate / 'svAdhyAyAn mA pramada', svAdhyAya ke viSaya me sAmarthya ko prApta karane vAle rAta-dina zreSTha sAhitya ke pramAda mata karo / svAdhyAyazIla apane gantavya mArga ko mvAdhyAya meM tanmaya rahate hai, bar3e-bar3e anveSaka aura svayaM dRDha nikAlate hai| ajJAna ke gaz2a para svAdhyAya

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svAdhyAya kA aMkuza hai| pavitratA ke pattana meM praveza karane ke lie hotI hai aura use prAtmopalabdhi sAdhana bhI kahA jAtA hai svAdhyAya toraNadvAra hai / svAdhyAya na karane vAle apanI tathApi pratyeka svAdhyAyI nizcita rUpase prAtmA ko prApta yogyatA kI DIga hA~kate haiM, kintu svAdhyAyazIla use karatA hai aisA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| jaise 'parvato pavitra gopanIya nidhi mAnakara prAtmotthAna ke lie vahnimAna ghumavatvAt / yo yo dhUmavAn sa sa vahnimAn'usakA upayoga karate hai| unakI mauna prAkRti para parvata para agni hai, kyoki vahAM dhuA~ uTha rahA hai| svAdhyAya ke prakSaya varadAna musakarAte rahate haiM, yatra yatra vahnistatra tatra dhUmaH'--jahA~-jahA~ agni hai, aura jaba ve bolate hai to sAkSAt vAgdevI unake mukha- vahAM vahA ghuma hai, yaha sarvathA satya nahI, kyoMki maMca para nartakI ke samAna pravatIrNa hotI hai / svAdhyAya nidh ma pAvaka me ghuma nahI hotaa| ataH yaha sambhava hai ke prakSaro kA pratibimba unakI prAMkhoM para likhA ki svAdhyAyAdi dvArA prAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA rahatA hai aura jJAna kI nirmaladhArA se snAta unakI jA sake, parantu nizcaya hI svAdhyAya prAtmopalabdhi vAGmAdharI me marasvatI ke pravAha pavitra hone ke lie kA kAraNa hogA, yaha nahI kahA jA sktaa| pratyuta nityAbhilASI hote haiN| eka mahAn tatvadraSTA, saphala anubhavI vyaktiyoM ne to yahA~ taka kaha diyA hai ki rAjanetA aura uttama santa svAdhyAya-vidyAlaya kA snAtaka zAstroM kI usa apAra zabda-rAzi ko paDhane se kyA hI ho sakatA hai| svAdhyAya ekAnta kA sakhA hai| sabhI zivapura milatA hai| are ! tAlu ko sakhA dene vAle usa sthAnoM meM sahAyaka hai; vidvadgoSThiyo me ucca prAsana zuka-pATha se kyA ? eka hI akSara ko svapara-bheda-vijJAna pradAna karane vAlA hai| jaise paMsA-paisA DAlane para bhI buddhi se paDha, jisase mokSa prApti sulabha ho|' koSavRddhi hotI hai, usI prakAra bindu bindu vicAra saMgraha karane se pANDitya kI prApti hotI hai| zabdoM ke artha "bahuyaha paThiyahaM mUDha para tAlU sukkA jeNa / koSoM me nahI, sAhitya kI prayogazAlAnoM meM likhe hai| ekkuji makkhara taM paThaha zivapura gammai jeNa // " hala modivarenAyatu giriya suttidarenAyatu / anavarata svAdhyAya karane vAlA zabdoM ke sarvatomakhI proM piriva lAMchana toharenAyatu, nijaparamAtmanakA jJAna prApta karatA hai| svAdhyAya karane vAle kI bhAMkhoM dhyAnavanariyave narikagi balalI sattaMte // ' meM samudro kI gaharAI, parvata-zikharoM kI UMcAI aura prAkAza kI anantatA samAyI hotI hai| vaha jaba cAhatA -ratnAkara (kannaDa kavi) hai, binA tere, binA prArohaNa-avagAhana kiye unakI -bahuta adhyayana karane, tIrthakSetra (parvatAdi) kI sImAgro ko batA sakatA hai| svAdhyAya kA tapa: sAdhanA pradakSiNA karane tathA dharma vizeSa ke cihna dhAraNa karane se ke rUpa me sevana karane vAlA usase prabhISTa lAbhoM ko kyA ? yadi svaparamAtmabhAva kA dhyAna nahI kiyA to prApta karatA hai| usake prabhAva meM ye bAhya rUpaka ka ke araNyarodana ke yadyapi svAdhyAya se prAsmAbhimukhatA kI pora pravRtti samAna hI haiN| 000

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bhAratIya pramANa-zAstra ke vikAsa meM jaina paramparA kA yogadAna 0 muni zrI nathamala vicAra-svAtaMtraya kI dRSTi se aneka paramparApoM kA kI pRSThabhUmi meM rahI huI akhaNDatA se hameM anabhijJa nahIM honA apekSita hai aura vicAra vikAsa kI dRSTi se bhI hone detaa| nirapekSa satya kI bAta karane vAle isa vAsta kA apekSita nahIM hai| bhAratIya tatva-citana kI do vikatA ko bhalA dete hai ki pratyeka dravya apane svatva meM dhArA hai-zramaNa aura vaidika / dono ne satya ko nirapekSa hai kintu sambandhoM ke pariprekSya meM koI bhI dravya khoja kA prayatna kiyA hai, tattra citana kI paramparA ko nirapekSa nahI hai| gatimAna banAyA hai| dono ke vaicArika vinimaya aura vyApti yA avinAbhAva ke niyamoM kA nirdhAraNa saMkramaNa se bhAratIya pramANa zAstra kA kanevara ucita sApekSatA ke siddhAnta para hI hotA hai| sthUla jagat ke hamA hai| usameM kucha sAmAnya tatva hai aura kucha vishisstt| niyama sUkSma jagat me khaNDita ho jAte hai| isalie jaina paramparA ke jo maulika aura viziSTa tatva hai, usakI vizva kI vyAkhyA do nayoM se kI gii| vAstavika yA saMkSipta carcA yahA~ prastuta hai / jaina manISiyo ne tatva-citana meM mUkSma satya kI vyAkhyA nizcaya naya se aura sthala jagata anekAnta daSTi kA upayoga kiyaa| unakA tatva-citana yA dRzya satya kI vyAkhyA vyavahAra naya se kI gii| syAdavAda kI bhASA meM prastuta hupraa| usakI do niSpa- prAtmA karma kA kartA hai-yaha sabhI prAstiva darzanoM kI ttiyAM huI --sApekSatA aura samanvaya / sApekSatA kA siddhAnta svIkRti hai, kintu yaha sthUla satya hai aura yaha vyavahAra yaha hai-isa virATa vizva ko sApekSatA ke dvArA hI naya kI bhASA hai| nizcaya naya kI bhASA yaha nahIM ho samajhA jA sakatA hai aura mApejatA ke dvArA hI usakI sktii| vAstavika satya yaha hai ki pratyeka dravya apane vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| isa vizva me aneka dravya hai ___ svabhAva kA hI kartA hotA hai| prAtmA kA svabhAva caitanya aura pratyeka dravya ananta paryAyAtmaka hai| dravyoM meM para- hai, ata: vaha caitanya-paryAya kA hI kartA ho sakatA hai| spara nAnA prakAra ke sambandha hai| ve eka dUsare se prabhA- karma paudgalika hone ke kAraNa vibhAva hai, vijAtIya haiN| vita hote hai| panA paristhitimA hai aura prataka ghaTanAe isalie prAtmA unakA kartA nahI ho sktaa| yadi ghaTita hotI hai| isa sabakI vyAkhyA sApekSa dRSTikoNa prAramA unakA kartA ho to karma-cakra se kabhI makta ki binA visaMgatiyoM kA parihAra nahIM kiyA jA nahIM ho sktaa| ataH mAtmA karma kA kartA hai' yaha sakatA / bhASA vyavahArasApekSa bhASA hai| sApekSatA kA siddhAnta samagratA kA siddhAnta hai| vaha hama kisI ko halkA mAnate hai aura kisI ko bhArI, samagratA ke sandarbha meM hI pratipAdita hotA hai| ananta kintu halkApana aura bhArIpana deza-sApekSa hai| gurutvAkarSaNa dharmAtmaka dravya ke eka dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai, kI sImA meM eka vastu dUsarI vastu kI apekSA halko yA taba usake sAtha 'syAd' zabda jur3A rahatA hai| vaha isa bhArI hotI hai / gurutvAkarSaNa kI sImA kA atikramaNa karane tathya kA sUcaka hotA hai ki jisa dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA para vastu bhArahIna ho jAtI hai| jA rahA hai, vaha samagra nahI hai / hama samagratA ko eka mAtha hama vastu ko vyAkhyA laMbAI aura caur3AI ke rUpa nahI jAna skte| hamArA jJAna itanA vikasita nahIM hai me karate hai| mUrta vastu ke lie yaha vyAkhyA ThIka hai| ki hama samagratA ko eka sAtha jAna skeN| hama use pramUrta kI yaha vyAgA nahIM ho sktii| usame laMbAI khaNDoM meM jAnA hai, kintu mApekSanA kA siddhAnta khaNDa aura caur3AI nahI hai| vaha prAkAza deza kA pravagAhana

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bhAratIya pramANa-zAstra ke vikAsa meM jaina paramparA kA yogadAna karatI hai para sthAna nahI roktii| ata : laMbAI aura yaha abhyupagama isalie satya hai ki eka kSaNa meM zabda caur3AI mUrta-dravya-sApekSa hai| uSNatA ke rUpa meM vidya- zrotrendriya kA viSaya banatA hai aura dUsare kSaNa meM vaha mAna UrjA ko gati meM badala dene para bhI usakI mAtrA pratIta ho cukatA hai| isa parivartana kI dRSTi meM zabda samAna rahatI hai| yaha uSNatA gati-vijJAna (tharmoDAya- ko anitya mAnanA asaMgata nahIM hai| mIsAMsakoM ne zabda nemiksa) kA pahalA siddhAnta hai| isakA dUsarA siddhAnta ke AdAnabhUta sphoTa ko nitya mAnA, vaha mI anucita yaha hai ki kisI yaMtra meM nikSipta UrjA kI mAtrA meM kamI nahIM hai| bhASA vargaNA ke pudgala zabdarUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| vaha kramaza : kSINa hotI jAtI hai| isalie hote haiM aura ve pudgala kabhI bhI a-pudgala nahIM hote / kisI aise yaMtra kA nirmANa saMbhava nahIM hai jisame UrjA isa apekSA se unakI nityatA bhI sthApita kI jA kA nikSepa kiyA jAe aura vaha usake dvArA sadA gati- sakatI hai / sApekSa siddhAnta ke anusAra, vastu kA nirapekSa zIla banA rahe / kucha dArzanikoM dvArA yaha saMbhAvanA vyakta dharma satya nahI hotaa| ve samanvita ho kara hI satya kI gaI hai ki hamAre deza aura kAla meM vyavahAra meM prayukta hote haiN| sAyaNa mAdhavAcArya ne sarva-darzana saMgraha UrjA kI akSINatA niSpanna nahIM huI hai| para saMbhava hai nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI / usameM unhoMne pUrva kisI deza aura kAla meM vaha kSINa na ho aura usa deza- darzana kA uttara darzana se khaNDana karavAyA hai aura kAla meM yaha saMbhava ho sakatA hai ki eka bAra yatra me antima pratiSThA vedAnta ko dI hai| prakhara tAkika mallaUrjA kA nikSepa kara dene para madA gatizIla banA rhe| vAdI (I0 4-5 zatI) ne dvAdazAranayacakra kI racanA ina kucha udAharaNoM se hama samajha sakate hai ki viziSTa kii| usame eka darzana kA prasthApana prastuta hotA hai / deza aura kAla kI vyAptiyAM sarvatra lAgU nahIM hotii| dUsarA usakA nirasana karatA hai| dUsare ke prasthApana kA isIlie unakA nirdhAraNa sApekSatA ke siddhAnta ke tIsarA nirasana karatA hai| isa prakAra prasthApana aura AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| nirasana kA cakra calatA hai| umame antima pratiSThA sAkhyikI aura bhautika vijJAna ke aneka kisI darzana kI nahI hai| saba darzanoM ke naya samanvita siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA sApekSatA ke siddhAnta se kI jA hote hai taba satya pratiSThita ho jAtA hai| eka eka naya sakatI hai| ___ kI svIkRti mithyA hai| una sabakI svIkRti satya __ syAdvAda ko dUsarI niSpatti samanvaya hai| jaina hai| isa samanvaya ke dRSTikoNa ne tarkazAstra ko vitaMDA manISiyoM ne virodhI dharmoM kA eka-sAtha honA asabhava ke vAtyAcakra se mukta kara satya kA svastha prAdhAra nahIM maanaa| unhoMne anubhavasiddha anityatA prAdi dharmoM diyaa| ko asvIkAra nahI kiyA, kintu nityatA prAdi ke sAtha jaina pramANazAstra kI dUsarI mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi haiunakA samanvaya sthApita kiyaa| tarka se sthApana aura pramANa kA vargIkaraNa / pratyakSa aura parokSa - isa vargItarka se usakA utyApana - isa paddhati me tarka kA cakra karaNa meM saMkIrNatA kA doSa nahI hai| isame saba pramANoM calatA rahatA hai| eka tarka paramparA kA abhyupagama hai kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| hama yA to jJeya ko sAkSAt ki zabda anitya hai, kyoki vaha kRtaka hai| jo kRtaka jAnate hai yA kisI mAdhyama se jAnate hai| jAnane kI hotA hai, vaha nitya hotA hai, jaise ghdd'aa| dUsarI tarka- ye do paddhatiyA hai| inhI ke prAdhAra para pramANa ke do paramparA ne isakA prativAda kiyA aura vaha bhI tarka ke mUla vibhAga kie gae hai| bauddha aura vaizepika tAkikoM mAdhAra para kiyA ki zabda nitya hai, kyoki vaha prakRtaka ne pratyakSa aura anumAna -- do pramANa mAne to pAgama ko hai| jo prakRtaka hotA hai, vaha nitya hotA hai, jaise graakaash| unheM anumAna ke antargata mAnanA par3A aura pAgama ko ina do virodhI toM meM samanvaya ko khojA jA sakatA anumAna ke antargata mAnanA nidhipAda nahIM hai| parokSa hai| viroSa samanvaya kA janaka hai| zabda anitya hai, pramANa meM anumAna, prAgama, smRti, tarka prAdi sabakA

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104, 25, ki.3 samAveza ho jAtA hai aura kisI kA lakSaNa sAMkarya doSa kI hai| dharmakIrti ne sarvajJatA para tIkhA vyaMga kasA hai| se dUSita nahIM hotaa| isa dRSTi se pramANa kA prastuta unhoMne likhA haivargIkaraNa sarvagrAhI aura vAstavikatA para pAdhArita hai| 'pUraM pazyatu vA mA vA tatvamiSTaM tu pazyatu / indriya jJAna kA vyApAra-krama (pravagraha, IhA, pravAya pramANaM dUradarzI ceveta gaghrAnupAhe // maura dhAraNA) bhI jaina pramANazAstra kA maulika hai| 'iSTa tattva ko dekhane vAlA hI hamAre lie pramANa mAnasa-zAstrIya madhyayana kI dRSTi se yaha bahuta mahatva hai, phira vaha dUra ko dekhe yA na dekhe| yadi dUradarzI hI pUrNa hai| pramANa ho to mAie, hama gIdho kI upAsanA kareM, tarkazAstra meM svataH prAmANya kA prazna bahuta cacita kyoMki ve bahuta dUra taka dekha lete haiN|' rahA hai| jaina tarka-paramparA me svataH prAmANya manuSya sarvajJatva kI mImAsA aura usa para kie vyaMgo kA jana kA svIkRta hai| manuSya hI svata: pramANa hotA hai, grantha mAcAryoM ne sTIka uttara diyA hai aura lagabhaga do hajAra svata : pramANa nahI hotaa| grantha ke svataH prAmANya kI barSa kI lambI avadhi meM sarvajJatva kA niraMtara samarthana masvIkRti aura manuSya ke svataH prAmANya kI svIkRti kiyA hai| eka bahuta vilakSaNa siddhAnta hai| pUrva mImAMsA prantha kA jaina tarka-paramparA kI deya ke sAtha-sAtha pAdeya kI svata: prAmANya mAnatI hai, manuSya ko svata: pramANa nahIM carcA karanA bhI aprAsaMgika nahI hogaa| jaina tAkiko maantii| usake anusAra, manuSya vItarAga nahIM ho sakatA ne apanI samasAmayika tArkika paramparAoM se kucha liyA aura vItarAga hue binA koI sarvajJa nahIM ho sakatA paura bhI hai| anumAna ke nirUpaNa meM unhoMne bauddha aura bha-sarvajJa svataH pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| jaina citana naiyAyika tarka-paramparA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| usameM ke anusAra, manuSya vItarAga ho sakatA hai aura vaha kevala apanA parimArjana aura pariSkAra kiyA hai tathA use jaina jJAna ko prApta kara sarvajJa ho sakatA hai| isalie svata: paramparA ke anurUpa DhAlA hai| bauddhoM ne hetu ka rUpya pramANa manuSya hI hotA hai| usakA vacanAtmaka prayoga, lakSaNa mAnA hai, kintu jaina tAkikoM ne ullekhanIya prantha kA vAGmaya bhI pramANa hotA hai, kintu vaha manuSya pariSkAra kiyA hai| hetu kA anyathA anupapatti lakSaNa kI pramANikatA ke kAraNa pramANa hotA hai, isalie vaha mAnakara hetu ke lakSaNa meM eka vilakSatA pradarzita ko hai| mAnakara hetu ka lakSa svata:pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| pUruSa ke svataH prAmANya hetu ke cAra prakAro kI svIkRti bhI sarvathA maulika haiM: kA siddhAnta jaina tarkazAstra kI maulika dena hai| samUcI 1-vidhi-sAdhaka vidhi hetu 3-niSedha sAdhaka niSadha hatu bhAratIya tarka-paramparA meM sarvajJatva kA samarthana karane 2-niSedha-sAdhaka vidhi hetu 4-vidhi sAdhaka niSedha hetu vAlI jaina paramparA hI pradhAna hai| samUce bhAratIya samUca bhAratIya ukta kucha nidarzanoM se hama samajha sakate hai ki vAGmaya meM sarvajJatva kI siddhi ke lie likhA gayA vipula bhAratIya cintana me koI pravarotha nahIM rahA hai| dUsare sAhitya jaina paramparA meM hI milegaa| boddhoM ne buddha ko ke cintana kA apalApa hI karanA cAhie aura apanA svataH pramANa mAna kara grantha ko parataH prAmANya mAnA ya mAnA mAnyatA kI puSTi hI karanI cAhie, aisI rUr3ha dhAraNA hai| kintu ve buddha ko dharmajJa mAnate haiM, sarvajJa nahI maante| bhI nahIM rahI hai| pAdAna pora pradAna kI paramparA pracalita pUrvamImAMsA ke anusAra, manuSya dharmaza bhI nahIM ho sktaa| rahI hai| hama saMpUrNa bhAratIya vAGmaya meM isakA darzana kara bauddhoM ne isase prAge prasthapAna kiyA aura kahA ki manuSya sakate haiN| dharmajJa ho sakatA hai| jainoM kA prasthApana isase pAge hai| darzana aura pramANa-zAstra : naI saMbhAvanAeM unhoMne kahA-manuSya sarvajJa ho sakatA hai| kumArila pramANa-zAstrIya carcA meM kucha naI saMbhAvanAoM para ne samantabhadra ke sarvajJatA ke siddhAnta kI kar3I mImAMsA dRSTipAta karanA asAmayika nahIM hogaa| isameM koI saMdeha 1. pramANavAtika 1134 : heyopAdeyatatvasya sAmyupAyasya vedakaH / 2. pramANavAtika 235: yaH pramANamasAviSTo na tu sarvasya vedH|

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bhAratIya pramANa-zAstra ke vikAsa meM jaina paramparA kA yogadAna nahIM ki pramANa-vyavasthA yA nyAyazAstra kI vikamita kI hai| usake vikAsa kA mArga bhinna ho sakatA hai, kintu avasthA ke darzana kA abhinna aMga banane kI pratiSThA prApta jo tathya indriyo se nahI jAne jA sakate, unheM jAnane ke kI hai| yaha prasadigdha hai ki usane darzana kI dhArA ko sAdhana vijJAna ne upalabdha kie hai| pratIndriya jJAna ke pravaruddha kiyA hai, use atIta kI vyAkhyA me sImita kiyA tIna viSaya hai- sUkSma, vyavahita aura viprakRSTa / indriyoM ke hai| dArzanikoM kI adhikAza zakti tarka-mImAMsA me lagane dvArA sUkSma, vyavahita aura viprakRSTa (dUrastha) tathya nahIM jAne lgii| phalata: nirIkSaNa gauNa ho gayA aura tarka pradhAna / jA sakate / Aja kA vaijJAnika sUkSma kA nirIkSaNa karatA sUkSma nirIkSaNa ke abhAva meM nae prameyoM kI khoja kA dvAra hai| tarka kI bhASA meM jo cAkSuSa nahI hai, jinheM hama banda ho gyaa| satya kI khoja ke tIna mAdhana hai-- carmacakSu se nahIM dekha sakate, unhe vaha sUkSma-vIkSaNa yaMtra ke 1-nirIkSaNa dvArA dekhatA hai| isa sUkSmavIkSaNa yatra ko mai pratIndriya 2-anumAna yA taka upakaraNa mAnatA hai, jo pratIndriya jJAna me sahAyaka hotA 3 -parIkSaNa hai / jo indriya se nahIM dekhA jAtA, vaha usase dekhA jAtA jJAna-vijJAna kI jitanI zAkhAe hai --- darzana, bhautika hai| vyavahita ko jAnane ke lie 'eksare' kI koTi ke vijJAna, mano-vijJAna vanaspati vijJAna-una sabakI yaMtroM kA prAviSkAra humA hai| unake dvArA eka vastu ko vAstavika nAmo kA patA inhI sAdhanoM se lagAyA jAtA pAra kara dUsarI vastu ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| viprakRSTa hai| inhI paddhatiyo me hama manya ko khojate rahe haiM. jaba se (dUrastha) ko jAnane ke lie dUravIkSaNa Teliskopa prAdi hamane satya kI khoja prArambha kI hai| yaMtroM kA vikAsa huA hai| jisa pratIndriya jJAna ke dvArA darzana kI dhArA me nae-nae prameya khoje gae hai, ve sUkSma, vyavahita aura viprakRSTa padArtha jAne jAte the vaha nirIkSaNa ke dvArA hI khoje jA sake hai| jaba hamAre pAtmika pratIndriya jJAna vaijJAnika ko upalabdha nahIM hai. dArzanika nirIkSaNa kI paddhati ko jAnate the, taba prameyo kintu usane una tIno prakAra ke padArthoM ko jAnane ke lie kI khoja ho rahI thii| jaba narka-mImAsA ne buddhi kI apekSita yAtrika upakaraNa (sUkSma dRSTi, pAradarzI dRSTi pradhAnatA upasthita kara dI tarka kA atirikta mUlya ho aura dUradRSTi ) vikasita kara lie hai| dArzanika ke lie gayA, taba nirIkSaNa kI paddhati dArzanika ke hAtha se chuTa ye tInoM bAteM prAvazyaka hai| dArzanika vaha ho sakatA hai jo indriyAtIta sUkSma, vyavahita aura viprakRSTa tathyoM ko gaI / vaha vismRti ke garna me jA kara lupta ho gii| prAja kisI ko dArzanika kahane kI apekSA darzana kA vyAkhyAtA upalabdha kara sake / kintu darzana ke kSetra meM prAja aisI kahanA adhika upayukta hogaa| dArzanika ve hae hai jinhoMne upalabdhi nahI ho rahI hai| mujhe kahanA cAhie ki tarkaapane sukSma nirIkSaNo ke dvAga prameboM kI khoja kI hai, paramparA ne jahAM kucha acchAiyA utpanna kI hai, vahAM kucha avarodha bhI utpanna kie hai| Aja hama pratIndriya jJAna ke sthApanA kI hai| ina pandraha zatAbdiyoM meM nae prameyoM kI viSaya meM saMdigdha ho gae hai| jina kSaNoM meM pratIndriya khoja yA sthApanA nahI huI hai, kevala pratIta ke dArzanikoM bodha ho sakatA hai, una kSaNoM kA avasara bhI hamane kho ke dvArA khoje gA meyo kI carcA huI hai, mAlocanA huI hai| pratInTiya-bodha ke do avasara hote haihai, khaNDana-maNDana huyA hai| sUkSma nirIkSaNa ke prabhAva meM 1-kisI samasyA ko hama avacetana mana me prAroisase atirikta kucha hone kI prAmA bhI nahI kI jA sktii| pita kara dete haiLa TinoM ke lie usa samasyA para sakSama nirIkSaNa kI eka viziSTa prakriyA thii| usakA avacetana mana meM kriyA hotI rahatI hai| phira svapna meM hameM pratinidhi zabda hai-pratIndriya jnyaataa| vartamAna vijJAna ne usakA samAdhAna mila jAtA hai| eka sambhAvanA thI nae prameyoM. gUNa dharmoM aura sambandhoM kI khoja kI hai, usakA svapnAvasthA kI, jisakA bIja prardhajAgata avasthA me boyA kAraNa bhI pratIndriya jJAna hai| maiM nahI mAnatA ki bhAja jAtA thA, usakA prayoga bhI prAja kA dArzanika nahI kara ke vaijJAnika ne atIndriya jJAna kI paddhati vikasita nahIM rahA hai| dUsarI saMbhAvanA thI nirvikalpa caitanya ke anubhava

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106, varSa 26, ki03 anekAnta kii| jIvana meM koI eka kSaNa aimA prAtA hai ki hama cAra DigrI se nI taka jala kA phailAva hotA hai| ThaMDA vicArazUnyatA kI sthiti meM cale jAte hai| una kSaNo me hone para bhI vaha sikuDatA nahI hai / yaha vizeSa niyama hai| koI naI sphuraNA hotI hai, asabhAvita aura ajJAta tathya kevala sAmAnya niyamo ke AdhAra para vAstavika ghaTanAmoM saMbhAvita aura jJAta ho jAte hai| ye do saMbhAvanAyeM thI, ke bAre meM vidhAnAtmaka bAta nahI kahI jA sktii| yaha prAcIna dArzanika ke sAmane / vaha una donoM kA prayoga siddhAta saiddhAtika vijJAna, cikitsA aura kAnUna tIno para karatA thaa| vartamAna ke vaijJAnikoM ne bhI yatra-tatra ina lAgU hotA hai| vizeSa niyama ke AdhAra para nirNayaka donoM sambhAvanAmoM kI carcA kI hai| vikalpazUnya avasthA bhaviSya-vANiyA kI jA sakatI hai, jaise eka vaijJAnika meM cetanA ke sUkSma stara sakriya hote hai aura ve sUkSma satyo jala kI cAra DigrI se nIce kI ThaDaka ke AdhAra para jalake samAdhAna prastuta karate hai| svapnAvasthA meM bhI sthUla vAhaka pAipa ke phaTa jAne kI bhaviSyavANI kara detA hai| cetanA niSkriya ho jAtI hai| usa samaya sUkSma cetanA yaha saba tarka kA kArya hai| usakA bahuta bar3A upayoga hai, kisI sUkSma tattva se saMparka karA detI hai| maiM nahI mAnatA phira bhI use nirIkSaNa kA mUlya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ki prAja ke dArzanika me kSamatA nahI hai| usakI kSamatA jaba nirIkSaNa ke sAkSya hamAre pAsa nahIM hai, taba hama tarka ke paratoM ke nIce chipI huI hai| vaha dArzanika kI niyamoM kA nirdhAraNa kisa AdhAra para kareMge aura tarka kA apekSA tAkika adhika ho gayA hai| usake nirIkSaNa kI upayoga kahAM hogA? darzana ke jagata meM maiM jisa vAstakSamatA niSkyi ho gaI hai| darzana kI naI saMbhAvanApro vikatA kI anivAryatA kA anubhava kara rahA hai, vaha tIna para vicAra karate samaya hame vAstavikatA kI vismRti nahI sUtroM meM prastuta hai :karanI caahie| tarka ko hama asvIkAra nahI kara sakate / 1. nae prameyoM kI gaveSaNA aura sthApanA / darzana se usakA sambandha viccheda nahI kara sakate / para 2. mUkSma nirIkSaNa ko paddhati kA vikAsa / isa satya kA anubhava hama kara sakate haiM ki tarka kA sthAna 3. sUkSma nirIkSaNa kI kSamatA (citta kI nirmalatA) dUsarA hai, nirIkSaNa aura parIkSaNa kA sthAna pahalA / kA vikAsa / 'anumAna' me vidyamAna 'anu' zabda isakA sUcaka hai ki isa vikAsa ke lie pramANazAstra ke sAtha-sAtha yogapahale pratyakSa ora phira tarka kA prayoga / tarka-vidyA kA zAstra, karmazAstra aura manovijJAna kA samanvita adhyayana eka nAma 'grAnvIkSikI' hai| IkSaNa ke pazcAt taka ho honA caahie| isa samanvita adhyayana kI dhAraNA sakatA hai, isIlie ise 'prAnvIkSiko kahA jAtA hai| mastiSka meM nahI hotI taba taka sukSma nirIkSaNa kI bAta nirIkSaNa yA parIkSaNa ke pazcAt niyamo kA nirdhAraNa saphala nahI hogii| yoga darzana kA mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| kiyA jAtA hai| una niyamo ke AdhAra para anumAna usakA upayoga kevala zArIrika avasthA tathA mAnasika kiyA jAtA hai| prAyogika paddhatiyAM hamAre lie antima tanAva miTAne ke lie hI nahIM hai, hamArI cetanA ke sUkSma nirNaya lene kI sthiti nirmita kara detI hai| ve svayaM staro ko udghATita karane ke lie usakA bahuta bar3A mUlya siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa nahIM krtii| tarka hI vaha sAdhana hai, hai| sUkSma satyo ke sAtha saMparka sthApita karane kA vaha eka jisake aAdhAra para nirIkSita tathyoM se niSkarSa nikAle saphala mAdhyama hai| maharSi caraka paudhoM ke pAsa jAte aura jAte hai aura unake AdhAra para niyama nirdhArita kiye unake guNa-dharmoM ko jAna lete the / sUkSma yatra unhe upalabdha jAte hai| isa prakriyA kA anusaraNa darzana ne kiyA thA nahI the| ve dhyAnastha hokara baiTha jAte aura paudhoM ke guNapaura vijJAna bhI kara rahA hai| vaijJAnikoM ne parIkSaNa ke dharma unakI cetanA ke nirmala darpaNa meM pratibimbita ho pazcAt isa niyama kA nirdhAraNa kiyA ki ThaMDaka se siku- jAte / jaina vAGmaya me hajAroM varSa pahale vanaspati prAdi ke ina hotI hai aura uSNatA se phailAva / yaha sAmAnya niyama viyaya me aise aneka tathya nirUpita hai jo dhyAna kI viziSTa saba para lAgU hotA hai, para isakA eka apavAda bhI hai| bhUmikAmoM meM upalabdha hue the| (zeSa pR0 115 para)

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AdipurANa meM rAjanIti DA. ramezacanda jaina prAdipurANa prAcArya jinasena kA eka aisA suvistRta (sImArakSako) ke lie banA diye jAte the| rAjya ke mahAkAvya hai jisakA bhAratIya vAGmaya kI dRSTi se bIca koTa, prAkAra, parikhA, gopura aura prahAlaka se suzoatyadhika mahattva hai / loka jIvana ke lagabhaga sabhI viSayo bhita rAjadhAnI hotI thii| rAjadhAnIrUpa kile ko ghera kA samAveza usameM kathA-mAdhyama se huyA hai| usame samAja- kara gAMva Adi kI racanA hotI thii|" AdipurANa meM nIti va dharmanIti ke sAtha-sAtha rAjanIti kA aura prAmAdi kI jo paribhASAeM haiM, unake anusAra jinameM bAr3a prakArAntara se yuddhanIti kA bhI sAgopAMga varNana milatA se ghire hue ghara hoM, jiname adhikatara zUdra aura kisAna rahate hoM tathA jo bagIce aura tAlAboM se yukta ho use rAjanIti aura usakA mahattva-AdipurANa meM rAja- grAma kahate hai| jisame sau ghara hoM use nikRSTa athavA nIti ke lie rAjyAkhyAna' aura rAjavidyA' zabdoM kA choTA gAva kahate hai tathA jisameM pAca sau ghara hoM aura prayoga hamA hai| usa deza kA yaha bhAga amuka rAjA ke jisa ke kisAna dhana-sampanna ho use bar3A gAMva kahate haiM / adhIna hai athavA yaha amuka rAjA kA nagara hai, ityAdi ke sAmAnyataH gAMva pAsa-pAsa base hote the| ye itane nikaTa varNana ko janazAstroM meM rAjyAkhyAna kahA gayA hai|' rAja- hote the ki eka gAMva kA murgA dUsare gAva AsAnI se jA vidyA ke parijJAna se ihaloka-sambandhI padArthoM meM buddhi sake / isI kAraNa gAvoM kA vizeSaNa kakkUTasampAtyAna dRr3ha ho jAtI hai| rAjaSi rAjavidyAno dvArA apane zatru milatA hai|" choTe gAva kI sImA eka kosa kI aura ke prAvAgamana ko jAna latA hai| rAjavidyA prAnvIkSikI, bar3e gAMva kI sImA do kosa kI hotI thii| nadI, pahAr3a, trayo, vArtA aura daNDanIti ke bheda se cAra prakAra kI guphA, zmazAna, kSIravakSa, kaTIlavRkSa, vana aura pula se gAMva hotI hai| manyavidyA ke dvArA trivarga (dharma, artha mora kI sImA kA vibhAga kiyA jAtA thaa|" jo parikhA, kAma) kI siddhi hotI hai| yaha lakSmI kA pAkarSaNa karane gopura, prahAla, koTa aura prAkAra me suzobhita hotA ho, meM samartha hai aura isase bar3e-bar3e phala prApta hote hai| jisame aneka bhavana hoM, jo bAga aura tAlAboM se yukta rAjya-prAdipurANa meM rAjya ke lie janapada', viSaya ho, jisame pAnI kA pravAha pUrvottara dizA ke bIca vAlI deza" tathA rAjya zabdo kA prayoga hayA hai| jo rAjya IzAna dizA me ho aura jo pradhAna puruSo ke rahane yogya prAkAra-prakAra me anya rAjyoM se bar3e hote the ve mahAdeza'2 ho use nagara kahate the / 2 jo nagara nadI aura parvata se kahalAte the| siMcAI kI apekSA se rAjya ke tIna bheda ghirA hotA thA use kheTa aura jo parvata tathA do sau gAvoM kiye jAte the"....1. pradevamAtRka, 2. devamAtaka aura se ghirA hotA thA use kharpaTa kahate the / " jo pAca sau 3. sAdhAraNa / nadI, naharo prAdi se sIce jAne vAle rAjya gAvoM se ghirA hotA thA use maDamba kahate the tathA jo bhadevamAtRka, varSA ke jala meM nIce jAne vAla rAjya sAdhA- samudra ke kinAre ho aura aura jahA para loga nAvoM ke raNa kahalAte the| rAjyo kI sImAoM para antapAlo dvArA utarate ho use pattana kahate the|" jo nadI ke kinAre yahA~ akita saba sandarbha AdipurANa se hai| 1. 4.7 2. 42.34,41136 11. 34.52 12. 16.151 4.42.34 13. 16.127 14. 16.160 5.11.81 6.41.136 15-18. 16.162-165 16. 26.124 7. 11.33 8. 16.162 20.16.166 21.16.167 10. 16.152 22.24. 16.166-173

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2.15 108, varSa 26, ki03 anekAnta hotA thA use droNamukha aura jahAM mastaka paryanta UMce-UMce 2. naI vastumoM ke nirmANa evaM purAnI vastuoM ke dhAnya meM Dhera lage rahate the, vaha savAha kahalAtA thaa| eka - rakSaNa ke upAya krnaa| rAjadhAnI meM pATha sau, droNamakha meM cAra sau tathA kharpaTa me do 3. prajA-janoM se begAra lenaa| sau gAMva hote the|" dasa gAMvoM ke bIca ke bar3e gAMva ko saMgraha 4. aparAdhiyoM ko daNDa denA / (maNDI) kahate the|" jisa rAjya ke eka se adhika vyakti 5. janatA se kara vasUla karanA / hote the, vaha dvairAjya kahalAtA thaa| aise rAjya meM sthiratA utarAdhikAra aura rAjyAbhiSeka-jaba rAjA kisI nahIM rahatI thii| isIlie kahA gayA hai ki rAjya aura kAraNa virakta ho jAtA thA to apane suyogya putra ko kulavatI strI kA upabhoga eka hI puruSa kara sakatA hai| rAjyabhAra sauMpa detA thaa|" sAmAnyataH bar3A putra rAjya kA jo puruSa ina donoM kA anya puruSoM ke sAtha upabhoga karatA adhikArI hotA thA, kintu manuSyoM ke anurAga aura hai, vaha nara nahI, pazu hai / 8 / utsAha ko dekhakara rAjA kaniSTha putra ko bhI rAjapaTTa rAjA kI utpatti aura usakA mahattva-bharatakSetra meM bAgha detA thaa|" yadi putra bahuta choTA huA to rAjA pahale bhogabhUmi thii| usa samaya duSTa puruSoM kA nigraha use rAjasiMhAsana para baiThAkara rAjya kI sArI vyavasthA tathA bhale puruSoM ke pAlana kI AvazyakatA nahIM thI, suyogya mantriyoM ke hAthoM meM saupa detA thaa|5 pitA ke kyoMki loga niraparAdha hote the / bhogabhUmi ke bAda sAtha-sAtha anya rAjA", antaHpura, purohita tathA nagarakarmabhUmi kA prArambha humA / karmabhUmi meM daNDa dene vAle nivAsI" bhI abhiSeka karate the| kramaza: tIrtha jala, kaSAyarAjA kA prabhAva hone para prajA matsyanyAya kA prAzraya jala tathA sugadhita jala se abhiSeka kiyA jAtA thaa| lene lagegI, arthAt balavAna nibala ko nigala jaayegaa| ye nagaranivAsI kamalapatra se bana hae droNo aura miTTI ke loga daNDa ke bhaya se kumArga kI ora nahIM jAyeMge, isI- ghar3oM se bhI abhiSeka karate the|" abhiSeka ke anantara lie daNDa dene vAle rAjA kA honA ucita hai aura aisA rAjA AzIrvAda dekara putra ko rAjyabhAra saupa detA thaa| rAjA hI pRthvI ko jIta sakatA hai, aisA socakara bhagavAna aura apane mastaka kA mukuTa utArakara uttarAdhikArI ko RSabhadeva ne kucha logoM ko daNDadhara rAjA banAyA, kyoki pahanA detA thaa|" cakravartI ke najyAbhiSeka ma battIsa vibhinna prajA ke yoga-kSema kA vicAra karanA rAjAoM kA hajAra mukuTabaddha rAjAoM ke sammilita hone kA ullekha hI kArya hotA hai|" hai|" paTTabandha kI kriyA mantrI ora mukuTabaddha rAjA karate rAjya ke kArya-prAdipurANa meM rAjasattAtmaka zAsana- the|" paTTabandha ke samaya yubarAja rAjamihAsana para baiThatA vyavasthA kA darzana hotA hai| rAjatantra meM rAjA pramakha thaa| aneka striyA usa para camara DharAtI thIM" aura aneka hotA hai tathA vaha sAre kAryoM kA niyamana karatA hai / mataH prakAra ke prAbhUSaNoM se vaha dedIpyamAna hotA thaa|" AdirAjA ke kAryoM ko rAjya ke kArya kahA jA sakatA hai| purANa ke solahaveM parva me rAjyAbhiSeka kI vidhi kA isa dRSTi se rAjya ke nimnalikhita kArya mAne jA sakate sAGgopAGga varNana hai| rAjAnoM ke bheva-pAdipurANa me rAjApro ke nimna1. gAva prAdi ke basAne pora upabhoga karane vAloM nimnalikhita bheda batalAe gaye haike lie niyama bnaanaa| 1. cakravartI-isake rAjarAja adhirAT aura samrATa 25. vahI 26.16.175-176 35. 8.254 36. 16.224 27. 34.45 28. 34.52 37. 37.3 38. 16.227-228 26. 16.251 30. 16.252-255 36. 16.125 40. 11.45 31. 16.168 32. 4.144-150 41. 16.232 42. 7.318, 6.565 33. 4.151, 140 34. 5.207 43.44. 11.36.40 45. 11.44

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2 " vizeSaNa bhI prApta hote hai yaha chaH khaNDa kA adhipati" aura rAjarSiyoM kA nAyaka sArvabhauma rAjA hotA hai|" caurAsI lAkha hAthI, " caurAsI lAkha ratha", battIsa hajAra mukuTabaddha rAjA, 32 hajAra deza", 66 hajAra rAniyA", 72 hajAra nagara", 66 karoDa gAMva 4, 96 hajAra droNa mukha 48 hajAra patana", 16 hajAra peTa" pantadvIpa", 14 hajAra savAha", eka lAkha karor3a hala", tIna karor3a vraja" sAta sau kukSivAsa" ( jahAM ratno kA vyApAra hotA hai ) aTThAIsa hajAra saghana vana", praThAraha hajAra mleccha rAjA no nidhiyAM caudaha ratna aura dasa prakAra ke bhogo kA vaha svAmI hotA hai / prAdipurANa ke saMtIsaveM parva meuko nau nidhiyoM, caudaha ratnoM tathA dhanya vaibhava aura dasa prakAra ke bhogo kA vistRta varNana hai / ulakA zarIra vajravRSabhanArAcasahanana kA hotA hai tathA zarIra para caumaTha lakSaNa hote hai / " 7 " 2. mukuTavaddha raajaa"| 3. kuddha (maulivaDha ) " / mukuTabaddha 4. mahAmaNDanika cAra hajAra rAjAoM kA pradhi pati" / 5. maNDalAdhipa / 6 amirAja" / .68 prAdipurANa meM rAjanIti 7. bhUpAla / 8. nRpa / aura mitra kI apekSA rAjA cAra prakAra ke hote zatru hai : 1. zatru, 2. mitra, 3. zatru kA mitra aura 4. mitra kA mitra / acche mitra se saba kucha siddha hotA hai / " zatru kA kitanA hI vizvAsa kyoM na kiyA jAe vaha ghaNTa meM 46. 37.20 47. 41.155 45-46. 37.23-24 50. 37.32 51-52. 37.33-36 56. 60.66 61. 67.66 63-64. 37.71-73 67. 26.75 66. 41.16 53-58. 37.60-66 60. 37.30 62. 37.77 66. 37.27, 37.2bha 68. 44.107 70. 16.157 yahI rahatA hai|" C rAjA ke kartavya nyAyapUrNa vyavahAra nyAyapUrNa vyavahAra karane vAle rAjA ko sasAra me yaza kA lAbha hotA hai, mahAna vaibhava ke sAtha-sAtha pRthvI kI prApti hotI hai, paraloka meM prabhyudaya kI prApti hotI hai tathA vaha tInoM lokoM ko jItatA hai| nyAya ko dhana kahA gayA hai / nyAyapUrvaka pAlana kI huI prajA (manorathoM ko pUrNa karane vAlI) kAmadhenu ke samAna mAnI gaI hai|" syAya do prakAra kA hai- duSTo kA nigraha aura ziSTa puruSo kA pAlana / " eka sthAna para kahA gayA hai ki dharma kA ullaMghana na kara dhana kamAnA, rakSA karanA, baDhAnA aura yogya pAtra meM dAna denA ina cAra prakAra kI pravRttiyo ko sajjanoM ne nyAya kahA hai| jaina dharmAnusAra pravRtti karanA saMsAra meM sabase uttama nyAya hai|"" anyAyapUrvaka zrAcaraNa karane se rAjAoM kI vRtti kA lopa ho jAtA hai / " 82 kulapAlana kulAmnAya kI rakSA karanA aura kula ke yogya AcaraNa kI rakSA karanA kulapAlana kahalAtA hai / " rAjAnoM ko apane kula kI maryAdA kA pAlana karane kA prayatna karanA caahie| jise apane kula maryAdA kA jJAna nahIM hai yaha apane durAcAroM se kula ko dUSita kara sakatA hai ( 38.274) / dveSa rakhanevAlA koI pAkhaNDI rAjA ke sira para viSapuSpa rakha de to usakA nAza ho sakatA hai| koI vazIkaraNa karane ke lie usake sira para vazIkaraNapuSpa rakha de to yaha mUr3ha ke samAna AcaraNa karatA huA dUsare ke vaza ho jAyegA / ataH rAjA ko anya matavAlo ke zeSAkSata, mAzIrvAda aura zAtivacana prAdi kA pari tyAga kara denA cAhie anyathA usake kula kI hAni ho sakatI hai| " 71. 31.65, 37.80 73. 14.70 75. 34.36 77. 43.322 76.38.266 101 81. 42.13-14 83. 42.5 72. 16.262 74. 20.106 76. 43.414 78. 38.263 80. 38.256 82. 36.258 84. 42.21-23

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110, 26, ki0 3 manakAmana matyanupAlana-rAjAnoM ko vRddha manuSyoM kI sagati- ko jAnane vAlA nimittajJAnI apane jIvana kA manta rUpI sampadA se indriyo para vijaya prApta kara, dharmazAstra batalA de athavA apane mApa hI nirNaya ho jAe to usa aura arthazAstra ke jJAna se apanI buddhi susaMskRta karanA samaya se zarIra parityAga ko buddhi dhAraNa kare; kyoMki cAhie (38.272) / yadi rAjA isase viparIta pravRtti tyAga hI parama dharma hai, tyAga hI parama tapa hai, tyAga se hI karegA to hita ahita kA jAnakAra na hone se buddhibhraSTa ihaloka meM kIrti aura paraloka meM aizvarya kI upalabdhi ho jAegA (38.273) / ihaloka tathA paraloka sambandhI hotI hai|" prAtmA kA svarUpa na jAnane vAlA jo kSatriya padArthoM ke hita-ahita ke jJAna ko buddhi kahate hai| apanI AtmA kI rakSA nahIM karatA usakI viSa, zastra avidyA kA nAza karane se usa buddhi kA pAlana hotA hai| prAdi se avazya hI apamRtyu hotI hai athavA zatrugaNa tathA mithyA jJAna ko avidyA kahate hai aura pratattvoM me tattva- krodhI, lobhI aura apamAnita sevakoM se usakA avazya hI buddhi kA honA mithyA jJAna hai / binAza hotA hai aura apamRtyu se marA prANI duHkhadAyI mAtmAnapAlana- ihaloka tathA paraloka sambandhI tathA kaThinAI se pAra hone yogya isa saMsArarUpI pAvarta apAyoM se prAtmA kI rakSA karanA prAtmA kA pAlana kaha* meM par3akara durgatiyoM kA pAtra hotA hai| lAtA hai|" rAjA kI rakSA hone para sabakI rakSA ho prajApAlana - jisa prakAra gvAlA pAlasyarahita hokara jAtI hai (38.275) / viSa, zastra prAdi apAyo se rakSA prayatnapUrvaka gAyo kI rakSA karatA hai, usI prakAra rAjA karanA to buddhimAnoM ko vidita hai; paraloka sambandhI ko bhI prajA kA rakSaNa karanA caahie|" usake rakSaNa apAyoM se rakSA dharma ke dvArA hI ho sakatI hai, kyoki kArya ko kucha rItiyAM nimnalikhita hai, jinhe gvAle ke dharma hI samasta prApattiyoM kA pratikAra hai|8 dharma hI dRSTAnta se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai :apAyoM se rakSA karatA hai, dharma hI manacAhA phala detA hai, 1. anurUpa daNa-yadi gAyo ke samUha meM se koI dharma hI paraloka meM kalyANa karane vAlA hai aura dharma se gAya aparAdha karatI hai to vaha gvAlA aMgacchedana prAta hI isa loka me prAnanda prApta hotA hai| jisa rAjya ke kaThora daNDa na dekara anurUpa daNDa se niyantrita karake lie pUtra tathA sage bhAI bhI nirantara zatrutA kiyA karate usakI rakSA hI karatA hai, usI prakAra rAjA bhI apavI hai, jisame bahuta se apoya hai, vaisA rAjya buddhimAna puruSo se prapoyasA rAjya baddhimAna puruSo prajA kI rakSA kre| kaThora daNDa dene vAlA rAjA apanI ko avazya chor3a denA caahie|" mAnasika kheda kI baha- prajA ko adhika udvigna kara detA hai, isalie prajA use latA vAle rAjya me sukhapUrvaka nahIM rahA jA sakatA, chor3a detI hai tathA mantrI prAdi bhI virakta ho jAte hai|" kyoMki nirAkulatA hI sukha hai| jisakA anta acchA 2. mukhya varga ko rakSA-jisa prakAra gvAlA apanI nahI hai, jisameM nirantara pApa utpanna hote rahate hai aise gAyo ke samUha meM mukhya pazuoM ke samUha kI rakSA karatA rAjya meM sukha kA leza bhI nahI hotaa| saba prora se zakita huA puSTa (sampattivAn) hotA hai; kyoki gAyoM kI rahane vAle puruSa ko rAjya meM bhArI duHkha banA rahatA hai, rakSA karake hI vaha vizAla godhana kA svAmI ho sakatA prataH vidvAna puruSa ko apathya auSadhi ke samAna rAjya kA hai, usI prakAra rAjA bhI apane mukhya varga kI pramukha rUpa parityAga kara denA cAhie aura pathya bhojana ke samAna se rakSA karatA huA apane aura dUsare ke rAjya meM puSTi tapazcaraNa karanA caahie| prataH rAjya ke viSaya me pahale ko prApta hotA hai / " jo rAjA apane mukhya bala se puSTa hI virakta hokara bhogopabhoga kA tyAga kara de; yadi vaha hotA hai yaha binA kisI yatna ke samudrAnta pRthvI ko jIta aisA karane meM asamartha ho to anta samaya meM use rAjya ke letA hai|" prADambara kA avazya tyAga kara denA caahie| yadi kAla 3. ghAyala aura mRta sainikoM kI rakSA yadi pramAda 85-86. 42.31-32 87. 42.113 62. 42.134.135, 38.276 88.86. 42.114.116 60.61. 42.118, 116-24 63-64. 42.136-142 65-66. 42.144-145

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mAvipurANa meM rAjanIti 111 se kisI gAya kA paira TUTa jAe to gvAlA upacAra bhAvi para anurakta rahate hai aura kabhI bhI usakA sAtha nahIM se usa para ko jor3atA hai, gAya ko bAMdhakara rakhatA hai, chodd'te|" baMdhI huI gAya ko tRNa detA hai aura usake paira ko majabUta 5. yogya sthAna para niyukti-gvAlA apane pazuoM karane kA prayatna karatA hai tathA pazuoM para anya upadrava ke samUha ko kAMToM aura pattharo se rahita tathA sardI-garmI Ane para bhI vaha usakA zIghra pratikAra karatA hai| isI kI bAdhA se zUnya vana me carAtA humA prayatnapUrvaka unakA prakAra, rAjA bhI apanI senA meM ghAyala yoddhA ko uttama poSaNa karatA hai| isI prakAra, rAjA ko bhI apane sevakoM vaidya se auSadhi dilAkara usakI vipatti kA pratikAra kare ko kisI upadravahIna sthAna meM rakhakara unakI rakSA karanI aura vaha vIra jaba svastha ho jAe to usakI prAjIvikA caahie| yadi vaha aisA nahI karegA to rAjya prAdi kA ko vyavasthA kre| aisA karane se mRtyavarga sadA santuSTa parivartana hone para cora, DAka tathA samIpavartI manya rAjA rahatA hai / jaise gvAlA gAMTha se gAya kI haDDI ke vicalita usake ina sevako ko pIr3A dene lgege| ho jAne para usa haDDI ko vahI jamAtA huA usakA yogya 6. kaNTakazodhana-rAjA ko cAhie ki vaha cora, pratikAra karatA hai, vaise hI rAjA ko bhI saMgrAma meM kisI prAdi kI prAjIvikA balAt naSTa kara deM; kyoki kAToM mukhya bhRtya ke mara jAne para usake pada para usake putra ke dUra karane se hI prajA kA kalyANa saMbhava hai|" athavA bhAI ko niyukta karanA caahie| aisA karane se 7. sevakoM kI mAjIvikA-jaise gbAlA navajAta bhRtyagaNa rAjA ko kRtajJa mAnakara anurAga karane lagate hai bachar3e ko eka dina taka mAtA ke sAtha rakhatA hai, dUsare aura avasara paDane para nirantara yuddha karate rahate haiN|" dina dayAyukta ho usake para me dhIre-se rassI bAMdhakara 4. sevakoM kI daridratA kA nivAraNa tathA sammAna- khaMTI se bAMdhatA hai, usakI jarAyu tathA nAbhi ke nAla ko jaise gAyo ke samUha ko koI kIr3A kATa letA hai to bar3e yatna se dUra karatA hai, kIr3e utpanna hone kI zakA gvAlA yogya auSadhi dekara usakA pratikAra karatA hai, vaise hone para usakA pratikAra karatA hai pora dUdha pilAkara use hI rAjA bhI apane sevaka ko daridra athavA khedakhinna jAna pratidina bar3hAtA hai, usI prakAra rAjA ko bhI cAhie ki usake citta ko santuSTa kre| jisa sevaka ko ucita vaha prAjIvikA ke hetU apanI sevA meM prAgata sevaka kA mAjIvikA prApta nahI hotI hai vaha apane svAmI ke isa usake yogya prAdara-sammAna se santuSTa kare aura jinheM prakAra ke apamAna se virakta ho jAegA, prataH rAjA kabhI svIkRta kara liyA hai tathA jo apane lie kleza sahana apane sevaka ko virakta na kre| sevaka kI daridratA ko karate hai, aise sevako kI prazasta bhAjIvikA prAdi kA ghAba me kIr3e utpanna hone ke samAna jAnakara rAjA ko vicAra kara unake sAtha yoga-kSama kA prayatna kare / zIghra usakA pratikAra karanA caahie| sevako ko apane yogya paruSoM kI niyakti - zakuna prAdi kA svAmI se ucita sammAna prApta kara jaisA santoSa hotA hai nizcaya karane meM tatpara gvAlA jaba pazupra' kA kharAdana vaisA santoSa bahuta dhana dene para bhI nahI hotA hai / jaise lie taiyAra hotA hai taba vaha (dUdha Adi ko) parIkSA gvAlA apane pazuoM ke jhaNDa meM kisI bar3e baila ko adhika kara upayakta pazu kharIdatA hai, usI prakAra rAjA kA bhAra vahana karane meM samartha jAnakara usake zarIra kI puSTi parIkSA kie hae uccakulIna sevakoM ko prApta karanA ke lie nAka me tela Adi DAlatA hai vaise hI rAjA bhI cAhie aura pAjIvikA ke mUlya se kharIde hue una sevakoM apanI senA meM kisI yoddhA ko atyanta uttama jAnakara ko samayAnasAra yogya kAryoM meM lagA denA cAhie, kyoki use acchI prAjIvikA dekara mammAnita kre| jo rAjA vaha kArya rUpI phala sevakoM dvArA hI siddha kiyA jA sakatA apanA parAkrama prakaTa karane vAle vIra puruSa ko usake hai| jisa prakAra pazumo ke kharIdane me kimI ko pratibhU yogya satkAroM me santuSTa ragvatA hai usake bhatya sadA usa (mAkSI) banAyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra sevako ke saMgraha meM 17. 42.146-15268. 42.153.160 66.100. 42.161-166 101. 42.161-166

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112, 26, ki03 kisI balavAna purupa ko pratibha banAnA cAhie / sampadA ke dvArA use santuSTa karatA hai, usI prakAra yadi 9. kRSi kAryoM meM yoga-jaise gvAlA praharamAtra rAtri koI balavAna rAjA apane rAjya ke sammukha pAe to vRddha zeSa rahane para uThakara jahAM bahata ghAsa aura pAnI hotA logoM ke sAtha vicAra kara use kucha dekara usake sAtha saMdhi hai, aise kisI yogya sthAna meM gAyoM ko prayatnapUrvaka carAtA kara lenI caahie| caMki yuddha bahuta se logo ke vinAza hai tathA sabere hI vApisa lAkara bachar3e ke pIne se bace hue kA kAraNa hai, usase bahata hAni hotI hai aura usakA dUdha ko makkhana prAdi prApta karane kI icchA se duha letA bhaviSya bhI barA hotA hai, ataH kucha dekara balavAna zatru ke hai, usI prakAra rAjA ko bhI prAlasyarahita hokara apane sAtha saMdhi karanA upayukta hai| pradhIna grAmoM meM bIja dene Adi upAyoM dvArA kisAnoM se 12. sAmaMjasya-dharma kA pAlana-rAjA apane citta kA khetI karAnI caahie| vaha apane samasta deza meM kisAnoM / samAdhAna kara jo duSTa puruSoM kA nigraha aura ziSTa puruSoM dvArA bhalI bhAMti khetI karAkara dhAnya kA saMgraha karane ke kA pAlana karatA hai vahI usakA sAmaJjasya guNa kahalAtA lie unase nyAyapUrNa ucita praza le / aisA hone se usake hai| jo rAjA nigraha karane yogya zatru athavA putra kA bhaMDAra prAdi meM bahata-sI sampadA ikaTThI ho jaaegii| usase nigraha karatA hai, jo kisI kA pakSapAta nahIM karatA, jo usakA bala bar3hegA tathA santuSTa karane vAle una dhAnyoM se daSTa aura mitra sabhI ko niraparAdha banAne kI icchA unakA deza bhI puSTa athavA samaddhizAlI hogaa| karatA hai aura isa prakAra mAdhyastha bhAva rakhakara jo saba 10. prakSaramlecchoM ko vaza meM karanA-apane prAzrita para samAna daSTi rakhatA hai vaha samaMjasa kahalAtA hai| prajA sthAno para prajA ko dukha dene vAle jo akSaramleccha hai, ko viSama daSTi se na dekhanA tathA saba para samAna dRSTi unheM kulazuddhi pradAna karane prAdi upAyoM se apane adhIna rakhanA sAmajasya dharma hai| isa samajatatva guNa se hI karanA caahie| apane rAjA se satkAra pAkara ve phira rAjA ko nyAyapUrvaka prAjIvikA calAne vAle ziSTa puruSoM upadrava nahIM krege| yadi rAjAnoM se unheM sammAna prApta kA pAlana aura aparAdha karane vAle duSTa puruSoM kA nigraha nahI hogA to ve pratidina kucha na kucha upadrava karate karanA caahie| jo puruSa hiMsAdi doSo me tatpara rahakara rhege|" jo akSaramleccha apane hI deza me sacAra karate pApa karate haiM, ve duSTa haiM aura jo kSamA, santopa Adi ke ho, unase rAjA ko kRSako kI taraha kara avazya lenA dvArA dharma dhAraNa karane meM tatpara hai, ve ziSTa hai / " caahie|5 jo ajJAna ke bala para akSaroM dvArA utpanna 13. durAcAra kA niSedha-durAcAra kA niSedha karane ahakAra ko dhAraNa karate hai, pApasUtro se AjIvikA se dharma, artha aura kAma tInoM kI vRddhi hotI hai, kyoki calAte hai ve akSaramleccha hai| hiMsA karanA, mAsa khAne meM kAraNa ke vidyamAna hone para kArya kI hAni nahI dekhI ruci rakhanA, balapUrvaka dUsare kA dhana apaharaNa karanA aura jaatii| dhUrtatA hI mleccho kA prAcAra hai|" 14. lokApavAda kA bhaya-rAjA ko lokApavAda se 11. prajArakSaNa- rAjA ko tRNa ke samAna tuccha Darate hue kArya karanA cAhie, kyoki loka yaza hI sthira puruSa kA bhI rakSaNa karanA cAhie (44.45) / jisa rahane vAlA hai, sampatti to vinAzazIla hai / prakAra gvAlA Alasya rahita hokara apane godhana kI vyAghra, isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki prAdipurANa meM vistAracora prAdi ke AtaMka se rakSA karatA hai, usI prakAra rAjA pUrvaka rAjyadharma yA rAjA ke kartavyo kA varNana kiyA gayA ko bhI apanI prajA kA rakSaNa karanA caahie| jisa hai| navIM zatAbdI ke isa AdipurANa meM varNita rAjyadharma prakAra gvAlA una pazuoM ke dekhane kI icchA se rAjA ke ke mAdarza vartamAnakAlIna lokatatra ke lie bhI bar3e upamAne para bheMTa lekara usake samIpa jAtA hai aura dhana yogI haiN| 102. 42.170-173 103. 42.174-178 107. 163-166 108. 42.166-203 104.10.. 42.176-181 106. 42.183.184 106.44.66 110. 34.26

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kArItalAI ko dvimUrtikA jaina pratimAeM zrI zivakumAra nAmadeva kArItalAI, madhyapradeza ke jabalapura jile kI mur3a- ajitanAtha evaM saMbhavanAtha vArA tahasIla se 26 mIla uttara-pUrva me kaimUra kI dvitIya jaina tIrthakara ajitanAtha eva tRtIya tIrthakara pUrvIya parvatamAlAoM me sthita hai| prAcIna kAla meM yaha saMbhavanAtha kI isa 4'.7" U~cI dvimUrtikA meM donoM tIrthaMkara sthAna karNapura ke nAma se vikhyAta thaa| yahAM se upalabdha kAyotsargAsana meM sthita haiN| donoM ke hAtha eva mastaka bahusaMkhyaka hindU, jaina evaM bauddha pratimAe~ isa bAta kii| khaNDita hai| unake mastaka ke pIche prabhAmaNDala, eka-eka sAkSI haiM ki yahAM hindU tathA bauddha dharmoM ke sAtha-sAtha jaina- chatra, eka-eka daMdubhika, hAthiyoM ke yugma evaM puSpamAlAyeM dharma kA bhI vyApaka pracAra rahA hai| lie vidyAdhara aMkita haiN| unake alaga-alaga paricAraka kArItalAI se prApta jaina dvimatikA pratimAe~ kalA ke rUpa meM saudharma aura IzAna candra caMvara dhAraNa kiye khar3e kI dRSTi se utkRSTa hai| inameM se pratyeka meM do-do tIrthakara haiN| tIrthakaroM ke caraNoM ke nikaTa bhaktajana unakI parcA kAyotsarga dhyAnamadrA meM hai| unakI daSTi nAsikA ke karate hue pradarzita kiye gaye haiN| tIrthaMkaroM ko alaga-alaga agra bhAga para kendrita hai| ina dvimUrtikA pratimAoM meM pAdapITha para khar3e hue dikha lAyA gayA hai| prajitanAtha ke pAdapATha para khar3a hue| tIrthakara ke sAtha aSTaprAtihAryoM ke atirikta tIrthaMkara kA pAdapITha para hasti evaM saMbhavanAtha ke pAdapITha para vAnara lAMchana evaM unake zAsana devatAoM kI bhI matiyAM haiN| aMkita haiN| dono ke sAtha unake yakSa-yakSI kramazaH mahAjahAM taka pratimA dravya kA prazna hai, adhikAMza pratimAyeM yakSa evaM rohiNI tathA trimukha evaM prazapti haiN| caukI para zveta baluA pASANa kI haiM / siMhoM ke jor3e evaM dharmacakra hai| pratimA dasavIM zatI kI hai| RSabhanAtha evaM ajitanAtha / puSpadaMta evaM zItalanAtha bhagavAn RSabhanAtha evaM ajitanAtha kI yaha pratimA 3.7" U~cI, zveta balumA pASANa kI isa dvimUrtikA zveta balumA pASANa kI hai maura kAyotsargAsana meM dhyAnastha meM naveM evaM dasaveM tIrthakara puSpadanta evaM zItalanAtha kaayohai| prathama evaM dvitIya donoM tIrthakaro ke mukha tathA hasta sargAsana meM dhyAnastha haiN| puSpadaMta kA dakSiNa evaM zAtala khaMDita ho gae hai| donoM ke hRdaya para zrIvatsa cihna hai nAtha kA vAmahasta khaNDita hai| caukiyoM para unake lAMchana tathA prabhAmaNDala bhI alaga-alaga hai| trichatra, dundubhika, kramazaH makara evaM zrIvatsa bane hai| puSpadaMta kA yakSa hasti eva puSpavRSTi karate hue vidyAdharoM kA prakana abhijita evaM yakSI mahAkAlI tathA zItalanAtha kA yakSa kalAtmaka hai| donoM ke paricAraka indra evaM pUjaka pralaga- brahma evaM yakSI mAnavI aMkita haiN| malana hai| caukiyoM para siMhayugma aMkita hai| prathama dharmanAya evaM zAMtinAtha tIrthakara bhagavAn RSabhanAtha kI caukI para unakA lAMchana mahaMta ghAsIrAma smAraka saMgrahAlaya, rAyapura (kramAMka vRSabha evaM yakSa-yakSI gomukha tathA cakrezvarI haiN| tIrthakara 2531) meM saMrakSita 3.7" U~cI dasavIM sadI meM nirmita ajitanAtha kI caukI para hasti evaM yakSa-yakSI mahAyakSa isa dvimUrtikA meM 15veM tIrthakara dharmanAtha evaM solahave tathA rohiNI kA aMkana hai| pratimAzAstrIya adhyayana ke tIrthakara zAMtinAtha kAyotsargAsana meM haiN| dharmanAtha kI dRSTikoNa se ukta pratimA kA kAla dasavIM zatI I0 jJAta caukI para unakA lAMchana vaSa evaM zAMtinAtha kI caukI hotA hai| pratimA 3.7" UMcI hai| para unakA lAMchana muga utkIrNa hai| dharmanApa ke yakSa

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114, varSa 26, ki. 3 anekAnta kinnara evaM yakSI mAnasI tathA zAtinAtha ke yakSa garuDa hai| pratimAzAstrIya adhyayana ke mAghAra para vivecya pratiaura yakSI mahAmAnasI pratimA ke mAtha aMkita hai| mAno kA kAla 10vI-11vIM sadI hai| ukta samayAvadhi mallinAtha evaM munisuvratanAtha meM yaha bhUbhAga madhya pradeza ke yazasvI rAjavaMza kalacuriyoM isa vimUrtikA meM unnIsaveM tIrthakara mallinAtha eva ke antargata thaa| prataH isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai ki ye bIsaveM tIrthakara munisuvratanAtha kAyotsarga prAsana me dhyAnastha pratimAe~ tripurI ke kalacuri-narezoM ke kAla kI hai| hai| donoM ke hRdaya para zrIvatsa akita hai| keza dhuMgharAle yadyapi kalacuri-nareza zaivamatAnuyAyI the, parantu unake aura karNalora laMbI hai| donoM ke paricAraka alaga-alaga kAla me anya dharmoM kA bhI paryApta prabhAva thA, jo unakI hai| mallinAtha kA dakSiNa evaM munisuvratanAtha kA vAma hasta dhArmika sahiSNutA kA paricAyaka hai| mvaNDita hai| alaga-alaga cAraNa, caukiyoM para laTakatI pratimAzAstrIya adhyayana huI jhUla para kalaza evaM kacchapa cihna spaSTa dikhAI par3ate jana pratimAnoM meM tIrthakara pratimAoM kA nirmANa hai| mallinAtha kI caukI para unakA yakSa kubera aura mati prAcInakAla se hotA rahA hai| tIrthakara pratimAnoM meM yakSI aparAjitA tathA manisuvratanAtha kI caukI para unake sAmya hone para bhI unhe unake lAMchana, varNa, zAsanadevatA yakSa varuNa aura yakSI bahurUpiNI lalitAmana meM sthita hai| evaM kevalavakSa ke AdhAra para alaga-alaga samajhA jA pAzrvanAtha evaM neminAtha sakatA hai| pArzvanAtha eva neminAtha kI yaha dvimUrtikA bhI prAyaH sabhI pratimAzAstrIya grathoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ke saMbhavataH kArItalAI se upalabdha huI hai| samprati yaha lAMchana ke viSaya meM mataikya hai. parantu zAsana deva-deviyoM pratimA philADelaphiyA myUjiyama prApha pArTa me sarakSita prAdi ke viSaya meM mataikya nahI hai| kArItalAI se prApta hai| kRSNa-bAdAmI balugrA pASANa se nirmita 10vI sadI RSabhanAtha evaM prajitanAtha kI dvimUrtikA meM RSabhanAtha ke kI isa dvimUrtikA me pArzvanAtha eva neminAtha eka vaTavakSa yakSa-yakSI gomukha evaM cakrezvarI utkIrNa hai| yadyapi ke nIce kAyotsarga sana me hai| pArzvanAtha ke mastaka / adhikAza grathoM jaise rUpamaNDana, abhidhAnacintAmaNi, para phaile hA sAta phaNoM kA chatra hai| neminAtha kA lAMchana amarakoza, digambara jaina grAikonogrAphI (varjeza) eva zaMkha hai| tIrthakaroM ke donoM pAzvo me bhakta eva caMvara harivazapurANa ke anusAra RSabhanAtha kA zAsanadeva gomukha lie hue paricAraka hai| mastaka ke Upara chatrAvali ke batalAyA gayA hai, kintu aparAhitapRcchA evaM vAstusAra donoM pAzvoM para hastiyoM kA prakana hai| ke anusAra vaha vRSavaktra hai| prata hama isa niSkarSa para aMbikA eva padmAvatI pahaMcate hai ki ukta pratimA ke nirmANa kA prAdhAra aparArAyapura-saMgrahAlaya me kisI eka jaina devAlaya ke jitapRcchA evaM vAstusAra na hokara prathama pAca graMtha the| caukhaTa kA khaNDa saMrakSita hai| usakI dAhinI ora ke kArItalAI se prApta mUrti aMbikA kI goda meM bAlaka argha bhAga meM koI tIrthakara padmAsanastha hai| unake donoM evaM padmAvatI ke mastaka para sarpa-phaNa hai| pratimAzAstrIya ora eka-eka tIryakara kAyotsarga mudrA meM dhyAnastha haiN| grathoM ke anusAra, abikA ke varNana meM antara hai / rUpamaNDana dhura chora para makara evaM puruSa hai| bAyI mora eka vidyA- (6 / 16) ke anusAra, abikA kA varNa pIta aura prAyudha ghara akita hai eva nIce tAkha me ambikA evaM padmAvatI nAga-pAza-aMkuza aura caturtha hasta me putra batAyA gayA hai| eka sAtha lalitAsana me hai| donoM deviyAM kramazaH nemi. aparAjitapRcchA (221.22) meM aMbikA ko dvibhujI nAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI yakSiNiyAM haiN| abikA kI goda aura usakA varNa harA batAyA gayA hai| inake donoM hAthoM meM bAlaka aura padmAvatI ke mastaka para sarpa kA phaNa hai| meM se eka meM phala aura dUsarA varamudrA meM batAyA gayA hai| uparyukta varNana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki kArItalAI neminAthacarita' (jaina prAikonogrAphI, pR0 142) meM se prApta jaina dvimUrtikA pratimAe~ kalA kI dRSTi se sundara abikA ke dAhine hAtha meM putra aura dUsare me aMkuza batAyA

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kArItalAI ko vimatikA jaina pratimAeM gayA hai| isa prakAra, hama dekhate hai ki rUpamaDana eva ko tIrthakara pratimAnoM meM / tIrthakaroM ke hRdaya para zrIvatsa neminAthacarita meM bAlaka kA honA batAyA hai jo kArI- arthAt cakracihna rahatA hai| yaha dharmacakra hai / inake talAI se prApta pratimA me hai| prAsana ke nIce prakita pratIka dhAraNadharmA dharma ke pratIka pArzvanAtha kI yakSI padmAvatI kA vAhana aparAjita- hai| pratyeka jina kI mAtA ne inake janma ke pUrva svapna me pRcchA ke anusAra kukkuTa, vAstusAra ke anusAra sarpa evaM kucha-na-kucha dekhA thaa| yahI dekhI huI vastu usa jina kA pratiSThAsAroddhAra, abhidhAna ciMtAmaNi, amarakoza, pratIka hai| pratyeka jina ne kisI-na-kisI vRkSa ke nIce digaMbara jaina mAikonogrAphI evaM harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra kevala-jJAna prApta kiyA thaa| vaha jJAnavRkSa kahalAtA hai| maisA batAyA gayA hai| parantu kArItalAI se prApta padmA uparivaNita RSabhanAtha eva ajitanAtha kI dvivatI ke mastaka para vAstusAra ke hI anurUpa sarpaphaNa hai| mUrtikA pratimA meM se RSabhanAtha kI caukI para unakA pratIkazAstrIya adhyayana lAchana vRSabha graMkti hai| vaSabha dharma kA pratIka mAnA bhAratIya mUrtikalA meM pratIka ke rUpa me pazu-pakSI, jAtA hai| unake hRdaya para dharma kA pratIka zrIvatsa aMkita mAnava, ardhadeva, latA, vanaspati, acetana padArtha, zastrAstra hai| donoM ke mastaka ke pIche lagA humA prabhAmaNDala dharmaprAdi ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| ina pratIkoM ke adhyayana cakra kA pratIka hai| yaha veda kA kAlacakra hai jo kAla se bhAratIya kalA ke aneka rUpoM ko samajhA jA sakatA evaM dharmacakra ke rUpa me hindU, jaina eva bauddhadharma se sambaddha hai| pratyeka pratIka ke pUrva aura agrima itihAsa ko jAne hai| donoM ke mastaka para tIna chatrovAlA chatra hai jo binA bhAratIya kalA kA marma evaM artha samajhanA kaThina hai| trizakti yA tIna loka ke cakravatitva kA pratIka hai| devI aura devatAmo kI pratimAno kA lakSaNa nizcita tIrthakara ajitanAtha kI caukI para utkIrNa unakA lAchana karate samaya dhArmika pratIkoM kI aAvazyakatA huii| isake hasti prAdhyAtmika gaurava aura vaibhava kA pratIka hai| isI lie dhArmika prAcAryo aura zilpiyoM ne prAcIna mAMgalika prakAra pratyeka jina kA nAchana prakita hai| pratimA-zAstra cihnoM para dhyAna diyA aura unhe viminna devamUrtiyoM ke kI dRSTi se ina lAchano kA vizeSa mahattva hai| lie svIkAra kiyA, jaise cakra, siMha aura zrIvatsa prAdi D (pRSTha 212 kA zeSAza) sUkSma nirIkSaNa kI paddhati ko vikasita karane ke jIvana jIte hai| jo satya kI khoja meM nirata hote hai, lie karmazAstrIya adhyayana bhI bahuta mUlyabAna hai| hamAre unake mana me kaluSatAyeM nahI rahatI, aura yadi ve rahatI podgalika zarIra ke bhItara eka karma zarIra hai| vaha sUkSma hai to paga paga para bAghAyeM upasthita karatI hai| satya ko hai| usakI kriyAyeM sthUla zarIra ke pratibimbo kI sUkSma, khoja ke lie nirIkSaNa paddhati kA vikAsa prAvazyaka hai tasa vyAkhyA kara sakate hai aura unake kArya-kAraNa bhAva aura usake vikAsa ke lie citta kI nirmalatA bhora kA nirdhAraNa bhI kara sakate hai| ekAgratA prAvazyaka hai| Aja ke vaijJAnika vAtAvaraNa me mana kI vibhinna pravRttiyoM, usako pRSThabhUmi meM rahI nirIkSaNa ke dvArA upalabdha pramayo kA parIkSaNa bhI honA haI cetanA ke vibhinna parivartanoM aura cetanA ko prabhAvita caahie| vijJAna ko darzana kA uttarAdhikAra milA hai, karane vAle bAharI tattvoM kA adhyayana kara hama nirIkSaNa prata. darzana aura vijJAna meM dUrI kA anubhava kyoM honA kI kSamatA ko nayA AyAma de sakate hai| caahie| nirIkSaNa ke pazcAt parIkSaNa aura phira tarka isa samanvita adhyayana kI paramparA ko gatizIla kA upayoga isa prakAra tInoM paddhatiyo kA samanvita prayoga banAne ke lie dArzanika ko kevala tarkazAstrI honA ho to darzana punaH prANavAna ho apane pitRsthAna ko pratiparyApta nahIM hai| use sAdhaka bhI honA hogaa| use citta ThApita kara sakatA hai| isa bhUmikA meM vAyazAstra yA kI nirmalatA bhI ajita karanI hogii| bahuta sAre vaijJA- pramANazAstra kA bhI ucita mUlyAkana ho skegaa| nika bhI mAdhaka hote hai aura ve tapasvI jamA nirmala

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kAlidAsa ke kAvyoM meM ahiMsA aura jainatva zrI premacanda rAMvakA saMskRta vAGmaya meM mahAkavi kAlidAsa kA mahattva- utpanna vyakti rAghava kahalAye / dilIpa tathA usakI rAnI pUrNa sthAna hai / apanI kAvya-pratibhA dvArA isa mahAkavi sudakSiNA ne bar3I sAdhanA tathA vrata karake raghu-sA putra ne saMskRta-sAhitya kA bhaNDAra bharakara saMskRta-jagat ko prApta kiyA thaa| dilIpa ne jaba azvamegha yajJa kA ghor3A upakRta kiyA aura svayaM bhI amara ho gyaa| isa amara chor3A to usakA rakSaka isa raghu ko hI niyukta kiyaa| kavi ke kAvya ke mAdhurya-pravAha se bhAratIyoM ke sarasa ghor3e ko indra ne hara liyA to raghu ne usase bhI lohA hRdaya hI pariplAvita nahIM hue haiM, apitu pAzcAtya paNDitoM liyA aura usake dAta khaTTe kara die| indra guNajJa thaa| ke citta bhI pUrNarUpa se sarasIkRta hai| vaha raghu ke parAkrama se prasanna humA aura usane ghor3e ke atirikta kucha bhI mAMgane ke lie raghu se khaa| isa para vidvAn itihAsakAroM ne kavivara kAlidAsa kA samaya raghu ne prArthanA kI ki yadi Apa ghor3A nahIM denA cAhate vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI-IsA se lagabhaga 50-60 varSa hai to mere pitA ko usake binA hI azvamedha yajJa kA pUrva kA mAnA hai| vaha samrAT candragupta vikramAditya kA ___ samagra phala prApta ho jAe, yaha vara diijie| samakAlIna thaa| kavi ke mAlavikAgnimitra paura vikramovaMzIya nATaka isa tathya ke sAkSI haiN| kAlidAsa ke samaya yadyapi isase raghu ke asAdhAraNa bala-parAkrama kA patA meM jainadharma evaM bauddhadharma kA paryApta prabhAva thaa| isa calatA hai, kintu kyA yaha sambhava nahI ki zaiva hote hae viSaya meM bAgIzvara vidyAlaMkAra ne apanI pustaka 'kAli bhI kavi yajJoM meM hone vAlI nirIha pazUmoM kI nirmama dAsa aura usakI kAvyakalA' meM likhA hai ki usa samaya hatyA ko pasanda nahI karatA? isIlie nAyaka kI mArya loga prakRti kI zaktirUpa adRzya paramAtmA, prAtmA, pratiSThA ke sAtha usane apanI ahiMsAtmaka bhAvanA ko bhI punarjanma tathA karmaphala meM vizvAsa rakhate the| kAlAntara prakAzita karanA abhISTa smjhaa| meM yajJoM meM dhIre-dhIre pazuhiMsA kA samAveza huA aura jaba vaha bahuta bar3ha gaI to samAja meM usake viruddha eka prati kavi ne raghuvaza ke dUsare sarga me bhI siMha vAle prasaga kriyA uTha khar3I huii| usa pratikrayA kA eka rUpa vaha kI racanA kara eka gAya (kAmadhenu) kI rakSA ke lie jJAna-mArga thA, jisakI jhAMkI upaniSadoM tathA prAstika dilIpa ko apanI deha prastuta karane ke lie udyata dikhadarzanoM ke cintana meM milatI hai| dUsarA rUpa ahiMsAvAdI lAyA hai| raghuvaza ke hI pAMcave sarga meM hama paDhate hai ki jaina aura bauddha dhamoM kA prabhAva thaa| ina dharmoM ke prAcArya svayaMvara me bhAga lene ke lie ragha kA putra maja vidarbha jA bar3e pratiSThita kuloM ke kSatriya rAjakumAra the| unakA rahA thaa| rAste meM usake par3Ava para eka jagalI hAthI vyaktitva pAkarSaka evaM prabhAvazAlI thA aura unhoMne apane TUTa pdd'aa| 'hAthI mara na jAe' isa bAta kA vicAra kara, pracAra kA mAdhyama bhI loka-bhASA ko banAyA, ataH unakI kevala use DarAne ke uddezya se maja ne eka sAdhAraNa-sA zikSAyeM zIghra hI sAre deza meM phaila gii| tIra usa para chodd'aa| tIra ke lagane mAtra se hAthI mahAkavi kAlidAsa zaiva hote hae bhI janadharma kI gandharva kA rUpa dhAraNa kara praja ke sammukha upasthita ho zikSAmo se bahuta prabhAvita the| raghuvaMza, abhijJAnazAkuntala gayA aura bolA ki maiM priyavada nAmaka gandharva hUM, jo paura kumArasambhava prAdi kRtiyAM isa tathya ko pramANa haiN| mAtaGga nAmaka RSi ke zApa se hAthI bana gayA thaa| raghuvaMza isa kavi kA pramukha mahAkAvya hai| isa kAvya meM tumane kSatriya ke kartavya kA pAlana karate hue bhI dayA nahIM rAjA raghu kA vizeSa mahattva hai| usI ke nAma se prAge chor3I aura mere prANa nahI lie / ata: maiM mAja se tumhArA calane vAle vaza kA nAma raghuvaMza pdd'aa| usa vaMza meM mitra haM mora isa mitratA ko smaraNIya banAne ke lie

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kAlidAsa ke kAvyoM meM hiMsA aura jainatva tumheM yaha sammohana nAmaka astra detA hai jo binA hiMsA 2.satvaM prasaste mahite madIye vsNshcturtho'gnirivaamygaare| kie zatrupoM ko parAjita karane vAlA hai ---- vitrANyahAgyahasi soDhumarhana yAvadyate sAdhayita tvavarthama sammohanaM nAma sakhe mamAstraM prayogasaMhAravibhaktamantram / -raghu0 5.25 gAMSarvamAvatsva yataH prayoktunaM cArihisA vijayazca hasta // 3. mahaMNAmahaMte cakrumanayo nyckssusse| -raghu0 1.55 --- raghu0 5.57 4. madyaprabhRti bhUtAnAmabhigamyosmi shuddhye| isI prakAra, raghuvaMza ke sAtaveM sarga meM aja ne apane yadadhyAsitamahaMdbhistaddhi tIrtha pracakSate / / zatrunoM para usa sammohana astra kA prayoga kara unheM harA -kumArasambhava, 6.56 diyA, kintu mArA nahIM - ye saba tathya spaSTa karate hai ki kahAkavi kAlidAsa yazohataM samprati rAghaveNa na jAvitaM vaH kRpayetivarNA / ahiMsA-anurAgI the aura jaina darzana ke maulika siddhAnto -raghu0 7.65 me unakA apanA vizvAsa evaM prAdara thaa| kumArasambhava ina saba prakaraNo se kavivara kAlidAsa kI prANimAtra ke pAMcaveM sarga meM pArvatI kI kaThora tapasyA kA jo sandara ke prati dayA va ahisA kI utkRSTa bhAvanA prakaTa hotI citraNa kavi ne kiyA hai aura raghuvaMza ke pAThave sarga ke manta meM maja dvArA bhAmaraNa upavAsa karate hue usake yahI kAraNa hai ki kavivara kAlidAsa ne dazaratha ke zarIra-tyAga kA jo varNana kiyA hai, vaha usa samaya ke usa zikAra khelane kI nindA kI hai, jisame usake hAtho samAja para jaina dharma ke prabhAva ko hI sUcita karatA hai| zravaNakumAra kA vadha ho gayA thaa| kAlidAsa ne abhijJAna kAlidAsa ke samaya jaina dharma hisApradhAna yajJa-yAgAdi zAkuntala ke dUsare aka me bhI mAghavya ke mukha se zikAra kA virodhI hote hue bhI sudhAravAdI thA, krAntikArI khelane ko burA ThaharAyA hai -mandotsAhaH kRtosmi mRgayA nhii| usane prAcAra kI zuddhatA, kaThora tapa eva satya, pavAvinA mASavyena / isI nATaka ke chaThe aMka meM kotavAla ahiMsA, asteya tathA aparigraha para vizeSa bala diyA ne machuve ke vyavasAya ko barA kaha kara usakA majAka samAja meM phailI haI burAiyo ko isa prakAra sudhArane kA kiyA hai aura phira usake muha se yajJa meM pazu mArane vAle prayatna kiyA ki usakA yaha kArya kisI ko khaTakA nahI 'zrotriya brAhmaNa' ke rUpa meM vyagya se kaTAkSa kiyA gayA jaba ki bauddha dharma kI zikSApro ne tAtkAlika samAja ke mUla prAdhAra para hI kuThArAghAta kara diyA, jisase saba isase to inakAra nahI kiyA jA sakatA ki usa sAmAjika baghana chUTa gye| samAja isa avasthA ko adhika mamaya zikAra khelA jAtA thaa| yajJo me pazu-hiMsA ko na saha sakA aura usake virodha kA pariNAma yaha hamA ki jAtI thii| kintu yaha saba kAlidAsa ko rucikara na thaa| bhArata se bauddha dharma bilakula hI lupta ho gyaa| jainadharma usa yuga me balAt ThUsI gaI ahisA ke prati vidroha bhAvanA me dIkSita hone vAlo ko khAna-pAna, rahana-sahana Adi ke hone para bhI bhAratIya nAgarika ke hRdaya para ahiMsA kI sambandha meM kaThora niyamo kA pAlana karanA par3atA thaa| gaharI chApa avazya par3a gaI thii| isame pAzcarya nahI ki prataH avasaravAdI pravAchanIya vyaktiyoM ke lie usameM kavi kAlidAsa kI isa ahiMsA, prema praura dayA kI koI mAkarSaNa na thaa| isalie yadyapi jaina dharma kA pracAra bhAvanA ke antastala me jainadharma kA prabhAva antanihita hai| utanA adhika nahI hamA, jitanA bauddha dharma kA, kintu vaha kavi ne aneka sthAno para jainoM ke mArAdhya 'mahana' mAja bhI jIvita hai tathA bhAratIya samAja para usakA zabda kA prayoga bar3e prAdara pUvaka kiyA hai jo isa prasaMga prabhAva cirasthAyI hai| vartamAna bhAratIya samAja me jo brata. meM vicAraNIya hai upavAsa tathA mahiMsA kI paraMparA pAI jAtI hai usakA 1. "tavAhato nAbhigamena taptaM mano niyogakriyayotsukaM me| bahuta kucha zreya jainadharma ko hI hai|

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madhya yuga meM jaina dharma aura saMskRti kumArI razmibAlA jaina, ema0 e0, naI dillI madhya yuga meM bhakti kA prAdhAnya rhaa| sabhI dharmoM meM kiyaa| kalA aura saMskRti ke kSetra meM bhI isa kAla meM bhakti ke kAraNa aneka vikAsapatha nirmita hue / madhya kAla ullekhanIya pragati huii| dono paramparAmoM aura unake ke sAhitya kA svara dharma aura bhakti hI thaa| usa kAla prAcAryoM ko paramAra vazI rAjAnoM ne vizeSa rAjyAzraya ke sAhitya meM hameM vaidika, jaina aura bauddha dharmoM ke vikAsa diyaa| aneka rAjA jaina dharmAvalambI bhI rahe, jinameM maura parivartana ke vividha rUpa dRSTigocara hote hai| madhya pramukha hai rAjA muja, rAjA bhoja tathA rAjA navasAhasAMka yaga meM vaidika dharma ne vizeSatayA se dArzanika kSetra meM praveza prAdi / inhoMne hI anekAneka jai| kaviyoM tathA vidvAnoM kiyaa| prabhAkara aura kumArila ne mImAsA ke mAdhyama ko samucita prAzraya diyaa| uname se kavi dhanapAla, se aura zaMkarAcArya ne vedAnta ke mAdhyama se vaidika darzana amitagati, prabhAcandra, nayanandI, dhanaJjaya, mAzAghara, kA punarutthAna kiyaa| paurANika aura smArta dharmoM kA mANikanandI tathA mahAsena Adi ke nAma vizeSa ullekhasamanvayAtmaka rUpa sAmane prAyA / vaiSNava dharma vividha nIya hai| hathUDI kA rAThora vaza jaina dharma kA parama bhakta zAkhAmoM aura upasampradAyoM meM vibhakta hamA jisake aneka thA tathA isI vaza ke prAzraya meM vAsudeva sUri, zAtibhadra bheda aura prabheda parilakSita hote hai jisakA vividha rUpoM sUri prAdi vidvAna rhe| mevADa kI rAjadhAnI cittauDa me deza ke vibhinna kSetro me prAbalya rahA / jaina dharma kA viziSTa kendra thii| ailAcArya, haribhadra sari, vIrasena prAdi vidvAnoM ne yahI para apane sAhitya kA madhya kAla taka bauddha dharma deza videzoM me hInayAna aura sRjana kiyaa| cittaur3a ke rAjA-mahArAjAmo ne apane mahAyAna ke rUpa me baTa gayA thaa| sAdhAraNatayA uttara me mahaloM ke nikaTa suvizAla jaina mandirI kA nima Na mahAyAna aura dakSiNa me hInayAna kA jora thaa| bhArata krvaayaa| meM isa kAla meM mahAyAnI paramparA adhika phlii-phuulii| candela vaMza ke rAjA bhI jaina dharma ke parama anuyAyI henasAMga ne isI kAla meM bauddha dharmAnuyAyI mahArAjA the / isI zAsanakAla me khajurAho ke zAMtinAtha di0 jaina harSavardhana ke rAjyakAla me bhArata yAtrA kii| zAkta sampradAya mandira me AdinAtha kI vizAla pratimA kI pratiSThA vidyA. ke prabhAvavaza usame tAntrika sAdhanA ke praveza ke kAraNa ghara deva ne kii| mahobA, devagar3ha, ajayagar3ha, mahAra, paporA, bauddha dharma uttarottara apriya hotA gyaa| madanapurA Adi jaina dharma ke kendra-sthala the| gvAliyara ke ___ madhya yuga taka jaina dharma do zAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho kacchapaghaTa rAjAmoM ne bhI jaina dharma ko pUrNa prazraya diyaa| cukA thA-digambara tathA zvetAmbara / ina dono paramparAmoM ko vikasita hone kA paryApta avasara bhI jaina dharma ke kendra ke rUpa me kaliMga rAjya kI mahattA milA jisase jaina sAhitya, kalA aura saMskRti kA pUrNa prArabha se hI rahI hai| yadyapi kalacurI vaza zaiva dharmAvarUpa se vikAsa hugraa| uttarakAlIna prAcArya somadeva ke kAlIna prAcArya somadeva ke lambI thA tathApi usane jaina dharma aura kalA kI paryApta yazastilakacampU (656 I0), nItivAkyAmRta prAdi grantha pratiSThA kii| jaina dharma ke aura bhI kaI kendra the| unameM isI samaya ke hai tathA isI kAla meM gurjara-pratihAra rAjA se rAmagiri, jogImArA, elorA, kArajA, dhArAziva, batsarAja ke rAjya meM udyotana sUri ne 778 I0 me kuva. acalapura, kulpAda, khanupapadeva prAdi pramukha hai| layamAlA, jinasena ne sa. 783 me harivaMza purANa aura jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra karane meM gujarAta kA haribhadra sUri ne samarAhaccakahA mAdi grantho kA nirmANa pramukha hAtha rahA hai| mAnyakheTa ke rASTrakUTa rAjA jaina

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madhya yuga meM jaina dharma praura saMskRti dharma ke prati paryApta bar3hA rakhate the| gujarAta ni pATana ke solaMkI vaMza ne bhI jaina dharma ko atyanta lokapriya banAyA / amoghavarSa aura karka bhI jaina dharma ke prati pratyanta zraddhAlu the / rAjA jayasiMha ne anhilapATana ko jJAna kendra banAkara prAcArya hemacandra ko usakA kAryabhAra saupaa| isa vaza ke bhImadeva prathama ke maMtrI aura senAnAyaka vimalazAha ne zrAbU kA kalAniketana 1032 I0 meM bnvaayaa| isI zAsanakAla meM hemacandra ne dUtAzraya kAvya, siddhahema vyAkaraNa prAdi bIsoM grantha tathA vAgbhaTTa ne alaMkAra graMtha kI racanA kii| kumArapAla bhI nirvivAda rUpa se jaina dharma kA anuyAyI thA / kumArapAla ke maMtrI vastupAla aura tejapAla kA sambandha dhAbU ke suprasiddha jaina mandiroM se hai / unhone ina mandiroM ko banavAne meM vizeSa yatna kiyA / dakSiNa meM pallava rAjya meM jaina dharma thor3e samaya phalAphUlA, lekina zaiva dharma ke prabhAva se bAda meM usake sAhitya zrI kalA ke kendroM ko naSTa kara diyA gyaa| bAda meM, cAlukya vaMza ne jaina sAhitya aura kalA ko lokapriya bnaayaa| mahAkavi joindu, manantavIrya, vidyAnanda, ravipeNa, padmanandi, dhanaJjaya pArvanandi, prabhAcandra, paravAdimalla Adi prasiddha jainAcArya isa kAla meM hue hai jinhoMne jaina sAhitya kA saMskRta, prAkRta aura prapabhraMza ke atirikta kannaDa, tamila zrAdi bhASAoM me nirmANa kiyaa| isI samaya meM cAmuNDarAya ne zravaNabelagola meM 678 I0 meM gommaTezvara bAhubalI kI suvizAla pratimA nirmita karAyI / baMgAla meM jaina dharma kA astitva 11-12vI zatI taka vizeSa rahA hai| baMgAla me pAla vaMza kA sAmrAjya rahA / vaha bauddha dharmAvalambI thaa| usake rAjA devapAla ne jaina dharma ke kalAkendra naSTa-bhraSTa kiye| sindha, kAzmIra, nepAla Adi pradezo me bhI jaina dharma kA paryApta pracAra thA / rASTrakUTa vaMza ne jaina dharma ko vizeSa prazraya diyA / isI samaya meM guNabhadra, mahAvIrAcArya, svayaMbhU, jinasena, vIrasena, pAtyakIrti Adi ne pracura jaina sAhitya kI racanA kI kalyANI ke kahapurIkAla me za dharma kI kucha paramparAtroM aura jaina dharma ke siddhAMtoM kA mizraNa kara 12vIM zatI meM liMgAyata dharma kI sthApanA 118 kii| unhoMne jainoM para kaThora pratyAcAra kiye tathA bAda meM vaiSNavI ne bhI jainoM ke paMcAlayoM aura mandiroM ko jlvaayaa| isakA phala yaha huA ki adhikAMza jaina dharmAvalambI dharma parivartana kara zeva bhora vaiSNava gana gaye / araboM, turkoM aura mugaloM ne bhI janoM para bhISaNa atyAcAra kiye| unake bhayaMkara AkramaNoM kA prabhAva jaina sAhitya aura mandiroM para pdd'aa| unhe bhUmisAt kara diyA gayA athavA masjidoM meM pariNata kara diyA gayA / inhI paristhitiyo ke kAraNa bhaTTAraka prathA kA udaya aura vikAsa huaa| isa kAla meM mUrti-pUjA kA bhI virodha huA / isa kAla meM hI lodI vaMza ke rAjyakAla meM tAraNa svAmI ( 1448 - 1515 I0) hue jinhoMne mUrtipUjA kA virodha kiyA aura 'tAraNa taraNa" paMtha claayaa| prAcArya sakalakIrti, brahmajaya sAgara Adi vidvAna isI samaya hue isI kAla me prabandhoM aura paritoM kA sarala hindI aura saMskRta meM lekhana kara jaina sAhityakAroM ne sAhitya kSetra me eka nayI paramparA kA sUtrapAta kiyA jisakA uttarakAlIna hindI sAhitya para kAphI prabhAva paDA / isa samaya taka dillI, jayapura Adi sthAnoM para bhaTTAraka gaddiyAM sthApita ho cukI thii| sUrata, bhar3auca, IDara prAdi aneka sthAnoM para bhI ina bhaTTArakIya gaddiyoM kA nirmANa ho cukA thA / isa paristhiti ke kAraNa jaina sAhitya kI apAra evaM apUraNIya hAni huI, phira bhI akabara ( 15561605 I0) jaise mahAna zAsaka ne jainAcAryoM ko samucita sammAna diyaa| isI samaya adhyAtma zailI ke pravartaka banArasIdAsa, kavi paramastarAmasvarUpa pi rAmamala pAMDe bAdi hindI ke aneka jaina kavi hue sAi ToDaramala akabara kI TakasAla ke adhyakSa the| jahAMgIra ke samaya me bhI aneka jaina hindI kAvyakAra hue jinameM se brahmagulAla, bhagavatIdAma, sundaradAsa, rAyamalla Adi vizeSa prasiddha hai| ina kAla me eka pAra jahA janetara kavigaNa tatkAlIna paristhiniyo ke vaza mugaloM aura anya rAjAmro ko zrRMgAra zrIra prama-vAsanA ke sAgara meM Dubo kara unakI dUSita vRttiyoM ko nikhAra rahe the, vahI dUsarI ora jaina (zeSa pR0 122 para) *

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zuMga-kuSANakAlIna jaina zilpakalA zrI zivakumAra nAmadeva prAcIna bhArata ke zuMga evaM kuSANa do rAjavaMzoM kA humA hai tathA dakSiNa hasta bhI nRtya kI bhagimA ko prastuta karUA ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| zuMgoM kA kAla kara rahA hai / saMgata karanevAle nikaTa baiThe hai| vaidika dharma ke punarutthAna eva kuSANoM kA kAla bauddhadharma ke priMsa prApha velma myUjiyama, bambaI meM jainadharma ke lie svarNakAla thaa| phira bhI donoM vazoM ke narezoM kA teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI eka prAcIna kAMsya pratimA dRSTikoNa saMkucita nahI thaa| ve anya dharmoM ke prati bhI hai| pratimA khaDgAsana meM hai| usake sarpaphaNoM kA vitAna kAphI udAra aura sahiSNa the| isI kA yaha pariNAma thA evaM dakSiNa kara khaMDita hai| proSTha moTe hai eva hRdaya para ki unake kAla me anya mato ke sAtha jaina dharma bhI unnati zrIvatsa kA cihna aMkita nahI hai| zrI yU0 pI0 zAha ne ke zikhara para thaa| isa pratimA kA kAla 100 I0 pUrva ke lagabhaga mAnA hai / zuMgakAla (185 I0pU0 se 72 I0 pU0) yadyapi zuMgakAlIna kakAlI TolA (mathurA) se jaina stUpa ke bAhmaNadharma ke utkarSa kA kAla thA, tathApi isa yuga kI avazeSa mile hai tathA usI samaya ke prastara ke pUjApaTTa bhI kalAkRtiyoM meM jaina-pravazeSa bhI kama saMkhyA meM upalabdha upalabdha hue hai, jinhe pAyAgapaTTa kahA jAtA thaa| yaha nahIM hue hai| zugakAla me jainadharma ke astitva kI dyotaka prastara alaMkRta hai tathA pATha mAgalika cihno se yukta hai / katipaya pratimAeM upalabdha huI hai| lakhanaU-saMgrahAlaya meM pUjA-nimitta amohinI ne ise pradatta kiyA thaa| saMrakSita mathurA se prApta eka phalaka para RSabhadeva ke zaMgakAlIna kalA kA eka mahattvapUrNa kendra ur3IsA sammukha apsarA nIlAMjanA kA natya citrita hai| isakA pradeza meM thaa| jima samaya pazcimI bhArata meM bauddha zilpI dRSTAMta isa prakAra hai--eka dina, caitra kRSNa navamI ko leNoM (guphAoM) kA nirmANa kara rahe the, lagabhaga usI rAjA RSabhadeva sahastroM narezoM se ghire rAjasiMhAsana para samaya kaliMga me jaina zilpI kucha guphAoM kA utkhanana kara mArUda the| sarvasundarI apsarA nIlAMjanA kA natya cala rahe the| ye guphAeM bhuvanezvara se 5 mIla uttara-pazcima meM na udayagiri aura khaNDagiri nAmaka pahAr3iyoM meM banAI gaI samasta sabhAsada vimagdha the| tabhI acAnaka nIlAMjanA kI haiN| ye guphAe~ jainadharma se sambadhita haiM / guphAnoM ke saMrakSaka mAyu samApta ho gii| usake divaMgata hote hI indra ne kaliMga-nareza khAravela (I0pU02rI sadI) the| yadyapi tatkAla usake jaisI hI anya devAMganA kA natya prArambha isa kAla ke zilpa-viSayaka avazeSa upalabdha nahIM hote karA diyaa| yadyapi yaha saba indra ne itanI caturAI eva kintu khAravela ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki vaha magadha ke zIghratA se kiyA ki kisI ko patA bhI na cala sakA, nanda rAjA dvArA kaliMga se le jAI gaI eka jaina mUrti ko kintu yaha saba sUkSmadarzI RSabhadeva kI dRSTi se projhala apanI rAjadhAnI vApasa le pAyA thaa| yaha ullekha mahattvana raha sakA / saMsAra kI nazvaratA kA vicAra prAte hI rasa pUrNa hai kyoMki isase dvitIya sadI I0 pU0 meM jaina tIrthaMkaroM phokA par3a gayA aura ve vairAgya ke raMga meM sarAbora ho kI mUrtiyoM kA astitva siddha hotA hai| ge| unhoMne digambarI dIkSA lene kA saMkalpa kiyaa| zuga eva kuSANa kAla me mathurA jainadharma kA prAcIna citrita phalaka meM aneka narezoM sahita RSabhadeva ko baiThe kendra thaa| brAhmaNo eba bauddhoM ke samAna jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM dikhAyA gayA hai / nartakI kA dakSiNa paira nRtya-mudrA meM uThA ne bhI apane dharma aura kalA ke kendra sthApita kie| 1. sTaDIja ina jaina pArTa-~-yU0pI0 zAha, citraphalaka 2, prAkRti 5. 2. jarnala mApha bihAra eNDa ur3IsA risarca sosAiTI, bhAga 2, pR0 13.

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zaMga-kuSANakAlIna zilpakalA 121 kaMkAlI Tole ke utkhanana se bahusaMkhyA meM mUrtiyAM upalabdha sthApanA siMhavAdika ne prat-pUjA ke lie kI thii| tIrthahuI haiN| ye mUrtiyAM kisI kAla meM mathurA ke do stUpoM meM dUra-pratimA se yukta hone ke kAraNa isakI saMjJA 'tIrthakara. lagI huI thiiN| mahat naMdyAvarta kI eka pratimA jisakA kAla paTTa' huii| usake madhya meM padmAsanastha tIrthaGkara-mUrti hai| 86 I0 hai: isa stUpa ke utkhanana se prApta huI hai| usake cAroM ora cAra triratna hai / isa paTTa ke vAhya caukhaTa yahAM se prApta jaina mUrtiyA~ baura mUrtiyoM ke itanI para aSTa-mAMgalika cihna-mIna-mithuna, devagraha-vimAna, sadRza haiM ki donoM meM prastara karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai| zrIvatsa, ratnapAtra Urdhva paMkti meM evaM aghopaMkti meM triratna yadi zrIvatsa para dhyAna na diyA jAe to UparI aMgoM ko puSpastraka, vaijayaMtI tathA pUrNadhaTa hai| samAnatA ke kAraNa jaina mUrti ko bauddha evaM bauddha mUrti ko kaSANa saMvata 54 meM sthApita devI sarasvatI kI jaina mUrti prAsAnI se kahA jA sakatA hai| kAraNa yaha thA pratimA bhI pratimA-zAstrIya dRSTi se jaina kalA kI maulika ki kuSANayuga ke prAmbha meM kalA ke kSetra meM dhAmika dena hai| isakA dakSiNa kara prabhaya-mudrA meM hai evaM vAma kara kaTTaratA nahIM thii| meM pustaka hai| mathurA se prApta pAyAgapaTra kalA kI dRSTi se pratIva pAyAgapaTTa para aMkita mAMgalika cihnoM kI sthiti se sundara haiM / jainadharma meM pratIka-pUjA kI satata pravAhI dhArA mUrti ko jaina pratimA mAnane meM saMdeha nahIM raha jaataa| inase siddha hotI hai aura kisa prakAra mUrti-pUjA kA cihna ye haiM-1. svastika, 2. darpaNa, 3. bhasmapAtra, 4. beta samanvaya usa dhArA ke sAtha huA, yaha jJAta hotA hai / kI tipAI (bhadrAsana), 5.6. do machaliyAM, 7. puSpamAlA, pAyAgapaTTa pUjA-zilAeM the| ye jaina-kalA kI prAcInatama 8. pustaka / popapAtikasUtra meM praSTa mAMgalika cihnoM ke kRtiyAM hai| nAma isa prakAra haiM-svastika, zrIvatsa, naMdyAvarta,vartamAnaka, kuSANa-yuga ke aneka kalAtmaka udAharaNa mathurA ke bhadrAsana, kalaza, darpaNa tathA matsyayugma / kaMkAlI Tole kI khudAI se prApta hue haiN| yahAM se prApta isa yuga ke anya prAyAgapaTTa para jo mAMgalika utkIrNa eka pAyAgapaTTa' para mahAsvastika kA cihna banA hai jisake haiM unameM darpaNa tathA naMdyAvarta kA abhAva hai| saMbhavataH madhya meM chatra, nIce padmAsana meM tIrthaGkara mUrti hai, unake kaniSka ke kAla taka (I0 prathama zatI) praSTamAMgalika cAroM bhora svastika kI cAra bhujAeM haiN| tIrthaGkara ke kI aMtima sUcI nizcita na ho sakI thii| digambara zAkhA maNDala kI cAroM dizAmoM meM cAra virala dikhAe gae haiN| meM nimnalikhita maSTamAMgalika cihna vaNita hai-bhRGgAra, mahAsvastika kI laharAtI cAra bhujAnoM ke mor3oM meM bhI kalaza, darpaNa, cAmara, dhvaja, vyajana, chatra, supratiSTha / cAra dhArmika cihna mIna-mithana, vaijayaMtI, svastika evaM zrIvatsa haiN| svastika ke bAhara maNDala meM vedikAntargata kuSANa-kAla meM pradhAnataH tIrthaGkara kI pratimAeM taiyAra bodhivRkSa, stUpa, eka praspaSTa vastu maura solaha vidyAdhara kI gaI jo ki kAyotsarga evaM padmAsana-avasthA meM hai| mathurA yugaloM se pUjita tIrthaGkara mUrti ye cAra dhArmika cina / ke zilpiyoM ke sammukha yakSa kI pratimAeM ho pAdarza thiiN| raka cAra konoM meM guhyaka mudrA meM cAra mahoraga haiN| prata : kAyotsarga sthiti meM tIrthakara kI vizAlakAya nagna caukora caukhaTe ko eka mora bar3hAkara praSTa mAMgalika cihnoM matiyAM banane lagIM / kaMkAlI TIle ke utkhanana se upalabdha kA pakti kA maMkana hai jinameM svastika, mIna-mithana aura bahasaMkhyaka nagna pratimAeM lakhanaU ke saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita zrIvassa surakSita haiN| haiN| nagna pratimAnoM kI sthiti se yaha niSkarSa nikalata, kalA kI dRSTi se lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita hai ki isa kAla meM digambara jainoM kI pradhAnatA thI tI pAyAgapaTTa krAka je 246 vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| isakI kara-pratimAnoM meM adhovastra kA samAveza kuSANa-yuga ke 3. bhAratIya kalA-DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, pR. 271-82, citraphalaka 316. 4. vahI, pR0 282-83, citraphalaka 318.

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122, varSa 26, ki03 anekAnta pazcAt huaa| isa yuga meM tIthaMkaroM ke vibhinna pratIkoM ye bhI nagna hai, eva 4. sarvatobhadrikA pratimA baiThI huI kA parijJAna na ho sakA thaa| vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ko paha- mudrA me| cAnane ke lie caukiyoM para aMkita lekhoM meM nAma kA kuSANakAlIna mathurA-kalA meM tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchana ullekha hI paryApta thaa| nahIM milate haiM, jinase kAlAMtara meM unakI pahacAna kI kaMkAlI TIle ke dUsare stUpa se upalabdha tIrthakara- jAtI thii| kevala RSabhanAtha ke kaMdhoM para khule hue kezoM mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai, jinakI caukiyoM para kuSANa kI laTeM dikhAI gaI hai aura supArzvanAtha ke mastaka para saMvat 5 se 65 taka ke lekha haiN| pratimAe cAra prakAra sarpa-phaNoM kA pATopa hai| tIthaMkara-mUrtiyoM ke vakSa para zrIvatsa eva mastaka ke pIche tejacakra yA prabhA-maNDala milatA 1. khar3I yA kAyotsarga mudrA me, jinameM digambarasva hai| phaNATopavAlI mUrtiyoM meM prabhAcakra nahIM rhtaa| ke lakSaNa spaSTa haiM, 2. padamAsana meM mAsIna mUrtiyAM, 3. caukI para kevala cakra yA cakradhvaja yA jina-mUrti yA siMha sarvatobhadrikA pratimA yA khar3I mudrA meM caumukhI mUrtiyAM; kA aMkana pAyA gayA hai| 000 (pRSTha 116 kA zeSAMza) kavi aise rAjAmoM kI dUSita vRttiyoM ko adhyAtma aura lokapriya bhI ho gii| bAda meM prAcArya somadeva ne bhI vairAgya kI ora mor3ane kA prayatna kara rahe the| prArambha meM to usakA virodha karane kA prayatna kiyA madhya yuga kA samAja kaThora varNa-vyavasthA meM jakar3A kintu antataH unhoMne bhI prAcArya jinasena ke svara meM hI humA thaa| isa kAla kI smRtiyoM meM sAmAjika niyamo apanA svara milA diyaa| bAda ke jainAcAryoM ne prAcArya kA vidhAna kiyA gyaa| / videzI AkramaNoM ke kAraNa jinasena aura prAcArya somadeva se dvArA mAnya varNasAmAjika kaTTaratA aura adhika bar3hatI gii| samAja vyavasthA ko saharSa svIkAra kara liyA / bhaTTAraka sampradAya meM ghArmika svatantratA to vidyamAna thI kintu satI prathA, meM vizeSa pragati huii| prAcAra ke sthAna para bAhya kriyAbahupatnItva prAdi kurItiyAM pracalita thiiN| tathApi kANDa bar3hane lgaa| 11vIM aura 12vIM zatAbdI se vaidika saMskRti ke viparIta zramaNa saMskRti me varNa. vaidika samAja vyavasthA aura jaina samAja vyavasthA vyavasthA 'janmanA' na mAnakara 'karmaNA' mAnI jAtI thii| meM bahuta antara nahIM rahA / jaina samAja me aneka nauvIM zatAbdI meM prAcArya jinasena ne vaidika vyavasthA meM sudhAraka Andolana bhI hue| samAja meM pracalita andha anya sAmAjika aura dhArmika saMkalpoM kA jainIkaraNa karake vizvAsoM aura rUr3hiyoM kA vyApaka virodha huaa| isa jaina dharma aura saskRti ko vaidika dharma aura saMskRti ke kAla meM jo jaina sAhitya racA gayA usameM ye saba vividha sAtha lAkara khar3A kara diyA, jo vyavasthA kAlAntara meM pravRttiyAM dRSTigocara hotI hai| 3, rAmanagara, naI dillI-55 000 5. bhAratIya kalA-DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, pR0 283 /

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chohala kI eka durlabha prabandha kRti 0 zrI azokakumAra mizra jaina prabandha-kAvyoM kI paramparA kA mUla srota apa- paMDita deSo na gharaha vicArI, khoTaM parva lojyau savArI 195 // bhraMza meM vidyamAna hai| isakA pUrNa vikAsa bhaktikAlIna kAma kathA rasa rasIka purANa, lahai bheda so catura sujANa / hindI jaina kAvyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| solahavIM zatAbdI paThata guNana jA hoI vIstAra. jayo savani ke aikAkAra 196 / ke baina kavi chIhala kI aba taka prAyaH muktaka racanAyeM -iti zrI mAthavAnala kI kathA kaMdalA kI kathA upalabdha hone ke kAraNa unheM muktaka kAdhya kA racayitA saMpUrNa samApta // samajhA gyaa| ullekhanIya hai ki kavi ne donoM hI prakAra racanAkAla --kavi ne kathA ke anta me isakA racanA kI racanAyeM kii| unakI eka prabandha kRti hAravarDa vizva- kAla isa prakAra diyA haividyAlaya amerikA ke saMgrahAlaya meM upalabdha huI hai| yaha pandrA se ikahatarI sAra, jhorI pAcaM mAsa kuvAra / kRti sarvathA ajJAta rahI, bhAratavarSa meM isakI pAMDulipi jayA sakati mati sAra kahI, kavi chohala jaMpI caupahI / 193 milane kI sUcanA prabhI taka prApta nahIM huI hai| isa prabandha prataeva yaha nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki kRti kA nAma hai-mAdhavAnala kthaa| kavi ne apane samaya kavi ne isakI racanA saMvat 1571 (1514 I.) meM kI sarvAdhika lokapriya kathA ko lekara isa kAvya kI kI racanA kI, jo unakI praba taka upalabdha samasta racanAmoM kathAnaka-gaNapati kI vadanA karane ke pazcAt kavi kI tulanA meM adhika vistRta aura sarasa kahI jA sakatI mAdhavAnala-kAmakadalA kI kathA likhate hue kahatA haihai| isakA prAdi mora anta isa prakAra hai - puhapAvatI nagarI kA rAjA govidacanda pratyanta zaktizAlI prAdi tathA vaibhava-sampanna thaa| usake ranivAsa me sAta sau sundara gaNapati gayo guNaha prasesa, udara vAhana caDhyo naresa / rAniyAM thii| usakI paTTamahiSI kA nAma rudra mahAdevI ghadhara pAya kara jhuNakAra, paNaU siSi buSi dAtAra 12 thaa| usakI nagarI meM sabhI loga sukha se jIvana vyatIta samara brahmA racyo saMsAra, phuNi sumirai sakara tripuraari| karate the| kahI para bhI koI duHkhI athavA nirdhana nahI sara taitIsa ... gatI mAha, kara noraM para lAge paahN|| thaa| usI nagarI me kAmadeva ke samAna atyanta sundara, kAsamIra giri thAnara banna, vAhaNa haMsa chatra so vrnn| AkarSaka tathA sarvakalAsampanna brAhmaNa kumAra mAdhava bhI vINA pustaka nevara pAya, namaskAra duti sArada mAya / / nivAsa karatA thaa| usake saundarya se abhibhUta hokara namata mati hoI ghaNI, kartha kathA nala mAdhava tnnii| nagara kI striyA~ vyAkula hokara apane tana kI sudhi-budhi porImati mata hoI ghaNI, karI prasAda mAtA bhAra hINa 4, bhI bisarA detI thii| kinhI-kinhI ke to garbhapAta bhI ho jAte the| yaha dekhakara nagara nivAsiyo kA eka pratinidhikathA pAla praratha prasesa, nara praboSa mati mahI pravesa / maNDala rAjA ke pAsa gayA aura vahA jAkara usase mAdhava pragama prameva kaThiNa sI kharI, ko rAjya se niSkAsita karane ke lie vinaya kii| unhoMne sarasa bahata kavi chohala karI / 194 / kahA ki yadi mAdhava rAjya se bAhara nahIM jAyegA to ve purabakapA mati dekhI jIsI, tihi paTa tari mau jaMpI tiisii| sabhI rAjya ko chor3akara cale jaayeNge| rAjA ne paristhiti 1.(pra-baMdhu (bA~dhanA)+ghaJ) yahA~ prabandha se hamArA tAtparya kathApradhAna racanA se hai, mahAkAvya prAdi se nhiiN|

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124, barSa 26, ki03 anekAnta kI gambhIratA dekhakara mAdhava ko bulvaayaa| rAjA ne usane sabhA me ho rahe usa nRtya tathA saMgIta kI dhvani ko usase kahA ki tuma apanI kalA pradarzita kro| mAdezA- jaba sunA to vaha samasta sabhA ko mUrkha batAne lgaa| nasAra mAdhava vINA-vAdana karane lagA jise sunakara sArI pratihArI ne jaba yaha sunA to vaha rAjA ke pAsa gayA sabhA vimohita ho gii| usa paMcama nAda ko sunakara duHkhI aura usase bolA ki mahArAja! eka paradezI brAhmaNa sabhA apanA duHkha bhUla gayA, sukhI mora adhika sukhI humaa| ko mUrkha kahatA hai| rAjA ko yaha sunakara Azcarya humaa| kintu 'prati sarvatra varjayet' ke anusAra mAdhava kI sundaratA usane pratihArI se kahA ki mAdhava se jAkara pUcho ki vaha va kalA bhI usake lie abhizApa siddha huii| rAjA ne sabhA ko mUrkha kyoM samajhatA hai| pratihArI ke pUchane para mAdhava se kahA ki tuma hamAre deza meM mata rho| mAdhava ne mAdhava ne kahA-"... * dvAdaza tura jasa na vAjaMta / madhya rAja-bhaya se rAjA ke isa Adeza kA pAlana kiyA aura tara parakha pakha jAma / kara pAgalI nahI tura purava pakha jAsu / kara prAgulI nahI hai tAsu / " yaha sArI sabhA ko prAzISa dekara videza kI bhora prasthAna kara sunakara pratihArI rAjA ke pAsa gyaa| samasta vRttAnta gyaa| jAna lene ke pazcAt rAjA ne mAdhava ko rAjasabhA meM vana upavana, vana-khaNDa tathA guphA va parvatoM ko pAra bulavAyA aura use bharddhasiMhAsana para baiThAkara usakA bhavya karatA huA vaha kAmAvatI nagarI meM pahuMcA jahA~ kAmasena svAgata kiyA, sAtha hI apane prAbhUSaNa bhI use upahAra me rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| isI rAjya me kAmakaMdalA nAma de diye| kAmakaMdalA ne bhI yaha anubhava kiyA ki yaha kI nataMkI bhI nivAsa karatI thii| kavi ne yahA~ kAma- puruSa sarva kalAoM kA jJAtA hai, ata: vaha pahale se bhI kaMdalA ke saundarya kA sundara varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai- kahI adhika utsAha me apanA eka vizeSa prakAra kA natya prastuta karane lagItA paTatari raMbhA unahAri, rUpa prachaMga lakhu guNIta naari| sovA na maMcha kIra ga pIDarI, jahA sathala kadalI smsrii| jala bhari kubha sIsa le dharai, aika caraNa kI bhAvari phor| guru va pota khINa kaTi tIrI, maMDala nAbhi kamala gNbhiir| duI kara cakra phirAvaM jANi, kara nIrata rAjA prAge vaanni| kuca kaThora amrata rasa bhAsa, musi muha Dhali cAni so pryo| IhI aMtara madhukara ika dITha, kuca Upara so pAni baitth| mugaphalI sAma sarI prAgalI, kaha nuha vaNI kaNI raha klii| vAsa luddha paramala ke saMga, lAge usana sukomala ag| dho durama mahira usaNa jaNu hIra, tIkha suraga nAsikA kor| kalA bhaMga kari chInI hoI, vyAkula aMga pIDava soii| kuTila bhauMha panahara upamAna, cakrIta kuraga nayaNa jaNu saravANa pavana khaMci pasu vidyA karI, iNI pari bhavara ur3Ayo tiirii| badana sakomala kApati tola, kAma pAsI jANe saravaNa salola mAghava usakI isa kalA para vizeSa prasanna humA, hoyA tana caMdana : bara vAsa, veNI vIsahara lapo tAsa / lekina bhramara-rahasya ko usake sivAya koI na jAna skaa| isa dina avasara dona rAI, kAmakaMvalA haraSIta bhii| mUrkha rAjA ne bhI yaha bheda nahI jaanaa| ata: mAdhana ne cavana maya kaMcuka nA soyo, sIsa tIlakukIsa purIva diiyo| motI mANIka mAga bharAI, SoDasa tana siMgAra kraaii| kAmakadalA kI isa kuzalatA para rAjA dvArA diye gaye upahAra kAmakadalA para nyauchAvara kara diye / yaha dekhakara kaMDala avaNa jhalakahi tAsa, jANaM ravi kiraNi vimAkAsa / rAjA ne kodhita hokara pUchA ki mere dvArA pradatta upahAroM rahaTa nAsikA tulaI sAthora, jaNu rasa prahi raha ke cor| ko tUne eka vezyA ko kyo de DAlA? mAdhava ne hariNa kUca Upara motI ke hAra, nevara calaNa kara jhunnkaar| netra mekhalA khaMdhi vihArI, kari sigAra calI sundrii|| mAdi ke udAharaNa dete hue apanI bAta kI puSTi kii| kintu rAjA ne krodhita hokara use nirvAsana kA prAdeza eka dina rAja-darabAra meM usakA nRtya ho rahA thaa| de diyaa| duHkhI mAdhava kAmAvatI nagarI chor3akara jAne usakI bahuvidha kalA ko dekhakara sabhI sabhAsada harSita ho lagA, tabhI mArga meM kAmakaMdalA ne use rokakara savinaya rahe the| itane meM mAdhava rAjasabhA ke siMhadvAra para paayaa| apane ghara calane kA prAgraha kiyaa| mAdhava ne usakA

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chohala kI eka durlabha prabandha iti 125 pragAr3ha prema dekhakara yaha prastAva svIkAra kara liyaa| vahA~ ko bulvaayaa| rAjA ne vezyA-prema kI bhasAratA batalAte donoM ne premAlApa kiyA tathA dohA, gAhA, samasyA prAdi hae mAdhava se kahA ki mere nagara meM kAmakaMdalA ke samAna kahate hue rati-sukha prApta kiyaa| bhaneka sundariyAM haiM, tuma apanI ruci ke anusAra unakA prabhAta hone para mAdhava videza-gamana ke lie prastuta varaNa kara lo| yaha sunakara mAdhava ne kahA ki mere hRdaya ho gyaa| kAmakaMdalA se usakI vidAI na dekhI gii| vaha meM kAmakaMdalA kA hI nivAsa hai, use chor3akara maiM kisI atyanta duHkhI hokara mUrchita ho gii| mUrchA dUra hone para ko varaNa nahIM kara sakatAmAdhava ke viraha meM kraMdana karane lgii| yahA~ kavi ne usakI bola mASava saMbhAla rAI, pravara tIrI mohina suhaah| virahAvasthA kA bar3A hI bhAvapUrNa varNana kiyA hai| virahI jihi reNI hIra puNyA prasaMsa, kyoM chAlara rati mAna haMsa / mAdhava bhI kAmakaMdalA kI smRti ko saMjoe bhaTakatA huA jANa sarada saMpUrNa caMda, kamala ughAri poyo mkrN| ujjaina pahaMcA / kyA kare? apanA duHkha kisase kahe ! dekhane, rasa bhAyo ketako samIra, so manakara kima ramai karIra / / sunane vAlA bhI koI nahIM, prataH jaba viraha kI pIr3A dhanI ho gaI to zivamandira kI dIvAra para hI nimnalikhita yaha sunakara rAjA prasanna hokara bolA-maiM tumheM kAma paMktiyA~ aMkita kara dI kaMdalA se avazya milaauuNgaa| rAjA pratijJA karake ujjana kahA kara kahai duSa tAsa, suhana keNa dekhyo cauha pAsa / se calakara kAmAvatI mAyA mora gupta rUpa se kAmakaMdalA se soya vIyoga dukha dekhyA bhArI, soI va rAma nahI sNsaarii| milane gyaa| virahiNI kAmakandalA so rahI thii| rAjA viralA tapa kari kaSTa deha, viralA prArati bhaMjana heh| ne usake hRdaya para apane pairoM kA sparza kiyA jisase viralA kara sigha sau neha, paradukha viralA bhaMjana aih|| kAmakandalA kI nidrA bhagna ho gaI aura vaha mAdhava-mASava kahakara bilakhane lgii| rAjA ne usase kahA ki e vezyA! prAtaH kAla hone para rAjA vikrama zivamandira meM tU nahIM jAnatI ki maiM kauna hU~ ? kAmakandalA bolI-mere pArAdhanA karane ke lie pAyA to usane dIvAra para ukta hRdaya meM kevala mAdhava kA hI nivAsa hai, anya koI isa paktiyoM ko par3hA aura pAzcaryacakita hokara vicAra karane hRdaya meM vizrAma nahI kara sktaa| mere hRdaya ko ghara se lagA ki merI isa nagarI meM kauna aisA du.khI va virahI sparza karane kA artha hai brAhmaNa kA anAdara krnaa| prataH vyakti hai, jisakA patA mujhe nhii| usane nagara meM yaha re rAjana ko mAro / rAjA ne mAghoSaNA karavA dI-'isa nagarI meM eka virahI vyakti hai| mAdhava ? kyA vaha brAhmaNa to nahIM jo ki eka strI ke usakA patA yadi koI batAyegA to manavAMchita phala viyoga meM ujjaina meM mara gyaa| itanI bAta sunate hI paayegaa'| yaha ghoSaNA sunakara bhaneka guptacara tathA gaNikAe kAmakandalA ne mAha bharI aura vaha mara gii| rAjA duHkhI virahI ko Dhar3hane ke lie prayatnazIla ho gii| virahI kI hokara vahAM se bApasa bhAyA aura yaha du:khada samAcAra khoja me sadhyA ho gaI, lekina kucha pariNAma na niklaa| mAdhava ko viyA jise sunate hI mAdhava kI mRtyu ho gii| ata meM rAtribelA me eka gaNikA ne eka brAhmaNa ko sote yaha dekhakara rAjA pora adhika saMtapta humaa| use bagA hue dekhA jo nidrA meM bhI duHkhI nizvAsa chor3a rahA thaa| usane hI ina donoM kI hatyA kI hai| prAyazcitta-svarUpa gaNikA ne usake hRdaya para apanA caraNa rkhaa| yaha vyakti vaha khar3aga lekara apanA validAna karane ke lie prastuta ho mAdhava hI thA jo gaNikA ko kAmakaMda lA hI samajhakara gyaa| jaba vaha khar3aga se apanA mastaka kATane vAlA pa use kAmakaMdalA kahakara pukArane lgaa| gaNikA samajha tabhI mahAbalI betAla ne use aisA karane se roka diyaa| gaI ki yahI virahI vyakti hai, jisakI rAjA ko talAza usane kahA-he rAjA! vara mAga, maiM tujhase bahuta prasanna huuN| hai| vaha turaMta rAjA ke pAsa gaI aura sArI bAteM btaaii| rAjA ne kahA, 'jai santuSTa ho tu bhaaii| torI baMbhaNa dehI rAjA ne use bahana-mA dravya dekara vidA kiyA pora mAdhava jiibaaii| usI samaya vaha vIra pAtAla gayA aura vahA se

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126203 ' le praayaa| mAdhava aura kAmakaMdalA ke mukha meM amRta amRta kI bUMde DAlI gaIM aura ve donoM jIvita ho gaye / rAjA yaha dekhakara harSita ho gyaa| aba usane sasaMnya kAmAvatI nagarI para par3hAI kara dii| kAmAvatI nagarI ke samIpa pahuMcakara rAjA ne kAmasena ke pAsa saMdeza bhijavAyA ki vaha kAmakandalA ko sauMpa de, kintu kAmasena ne ise apamAna samajhA bhaura yuddha karane ke lie prastuta ho gayA / ghamAsAna yuddha huA / isame kAmasena kI parAjaya huI | vikrama ne kAmaMkandalA ko prApta kara liyaa| kAmasena kI yAcanA para rAjA vikrama ne use bhI kSamA kara diyaa| isake bAda kAmaka dalA sahita rAjA ujjaina zrAyA bhaura phira vahA~ mAghava tathA kAmakandalA kA pANigrahaNa karavA diyaa| sArI nagarI me harSotsava manAyA gyaa| mAdhava tathA kAmakandalA bhautika aizvayaM bhogate hue sAnanda jIvana yApana karane lage / srota evaM prAdhAra- - isa kathA para prAdhArita anya racanAyeM bhI likhI gaI / chohala ke pUrva bhI anya do kavi mAnandhara tathA nArAyanadAsa ne yaha kathA likhii| isa kathA kA mUla srota kyA rahA hogA isa para vibhinna mata prastuta kiye gye| prAcArya vizvanAtha prasAda mizra ke anusAra isakA mUla srota vikrama kI pahalI zatI hI sakatA hai| unakA kathana hai ki mAghava aura kAmakandalA kI kahAnI sambhavataH prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke saMdhikAla me racI gaI thii| paM0 udayazaMkara zAstrI se bhI isa kathAnaka ke srota para lekhaka ne vicAra vinimaya kiyA thA, jisake anusAra isa kathA ke mUla me apabhraMza kI koI loka pracalita kathA rahI hogii| zrI kRSNa sevaka ne mAdhava anekAnta zraura kAmakandalA ko aitihAsika pAtra batAyA hai|' zrIkRSNa sevaka ke kathana ko hI uddhRta karate hue DA0 harikAMta zrIvAstava ne ise aitihAsika ghaTanA mAnA hai| kintu isa tathya ko mAnane meM do patiyAM hai (1) zrIkRSNa sevaka ne jisa khaNDahara ko kAmakandalA kA mahala batAyA hai use 'mArkelaoNjikala sarve Apha iNDiyA' ne siddha kara diyA hai ki vaha mahala na hokara ziva mandira thA / (2) kAmAvatI aura puSpAvatI ke rAjyoM ke vivaraNa vikramakAlIna hone kA koI aitihAsika pramANa nahIM milatA / prataH isa kathA kA mUla srota aitihAsika nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isa paramparA ke prathama hindI kavi nArAyanadAsa ne apane prAzrayadAtA kA nirdeza karate hue likhA mani pari vorA dono rAu, mohi bheda mAvA sumAra tAhi viyoga kauna vidhi bhayo kaise nikara vitari gyo| kyoM sundarI so bhayo milAu, kyoM dhArASyo vikrama rAja kyoMSu sahi bahuraM sukha lahayo saba samubhAi beda yoM kaho | ina paMktiyoM se yaha to spaSTa hai ki yaha loka pracalita sarasa kathA rahI hogI, tabhI prAzrayadAtA ne kavi se isa kathA ko likhane kI icchA vyakta kii| isake pUrva zrAnandaghara bhI isa kAvya kI saMskRta meM racanA kara cuke ye dhataH kavi chohala ne saMbhavataH inhIM do kaviyoM kI racanAoM ko apane isa prabandha kA mUla zrAdhAra banAyA hogA / 000 1. bhAratIya premAkhyAna kAvya (DA0 zrIvAstava, harikAMta), pR0 220. 2. Seventh Oriental Conference, Baroda, 1933 pp. 995-999.

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jaina vAGmaya meM Ayurveda 0 prAcArya zrI rAjakumAra jaina bhArata meM pratyanta prAcIna kAla se prAyurveda kI ullekha milatA hai| isase bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa eka tathya paramparA calI pA rahI hai| prAyurveda ke upalabdha granthoM kA yaha hai ki jaina dharma ke vizAla vAGmaya ke antargata svatantra adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki vaidyaka zAstra yA rUpa se prAyurveda kA vikAsa huprA hai| bahuta hI kama loga mAyurveda kA mUla srota vaidika vAGmaya hai| vedoM meM prAyurveda isa tathya se avagata hai ki vaidika sAhitya aura hindU dharma sambandhI paryApta uddharaNa milate hai| sarvAdhika uddharaNa kI bhAMti jaina sAhitya aura jaina dharma se bhI mAyurveda kA maparvaveda meM milate hai| isIlie mAyUrveda ko upaveda nikaTatama sambandha hai| jaina dharma meM prAyurveda kA kyA mAnA gayA hai| Ayurveda ke suprasiddha grantha carakasahitA mahatva hai aura usakI kitanI upayogitA hai, isakA evaM suzrutasaMhitA meM prApta varNana ke AdhAra para prAyurveda anumAna isa tathya se sahaja hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki kI utpatti (pabhivyakti) sRSTi ke prArambha meM brahmA jI jaina vAGamaya meM prAyurveda kA samAveza dvAdazAMga vAGmaya meM dvArA huI / brahmA ne prAyurveda kA jJAna dakSa prajApati ko kiyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina vAGmaya meM anya diyA, dakSa prajApati ne azvinIkumAroM ko upadeza diyA zAstroM yA viSayoM kI bhAMti prAyurveda-zAstra yA baMdhaka paura azvinIkumAroM se devarAja indra ne prAyurveda kA jJAna viSaya kI prAmANikatA bhI pratipAdita hai| jainAgama meM grahaNa kiyaa| isa prakAra sudIrgha kAla taka deva loka meM vaidyaka (pAyarveda) viSaya ko bhI pAgama ke aMga ke rUpa meM mAyurveda kA prasAra rahA / tAzcAt bhUloka me vyAdhiyo svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| se pIr3ita mArta prANiyoM kI roga mukti karane kI dRSTi prAcIna bhAratIya vAGamaya kA anuzIlana karane se se munizreSTha bhAradvAja devaloka meM gaye aura vahAM indra jAta hotA hai ki bhArata meM prAyurveda kI paramparA atyanta se aSTAMga prAyurveda kA upadeza grahaNa kara pRthvI para usakA giit| samaya-samaya para vibhinna janetara vidvAnoM dvArA prasAra kiyaa| unhoMne kAyacikitsA-pradhAna prAyurveda kA nAma meM prAyarveda sambandhI granthoM kI racanA kI gaI upadeza punarvasu atreya ko diyA, jisase agniveza prAdi vA samAja una granthoM se bhalI bhAMti paricita hai| chaH ziSyoM ne vidhivata prAyurveda kA adhyayana kara usakA kinta aneka jaina vidvAnoM ne bhI prAyurveda sambandhI aneka jJAna prApta kiyA aura apane-apane nAma se pRthaka-pRthaka __ mahattvapUrNa granthoM kI racanA kI hai jinameM do cAra ko chor3a isA prakAra, divodAsa kara zeSa sabhI prAyurveda ke granthoM se vaidya samAja aparicita dhanvantari ne suzrataprabhUti ziSyo ko zalyatantrapradhAna hI hai| isakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki unameM se adhimAyurveda kA upadeza diyaa| una sabhI ziSyo ne bhI apane kAMza grantha prAja bhI praprakAzita hI hai| gata kucha samaya se apane nAma se pRthak-pRthak saMhitAmoM kA nirmANa kiyA, zodhakArya ke rUpa meM rAjasthAna ke jaina mandiro meM vidyamAna jinameM se kevala suzrutasaMhitA hI mAja upalabdha hai| zAstra bhaNDAroM kA vizAla paimAne para avalokana kiyA tatpazcAt aneka prAcAryo, vidvAnoM aura bhiSaka zreSThoM gayA aura unakI bahadAkAra sUcI banAI gii| yaha sUcI dvArA yaha paramparA vistAra aura prasAra ko prApta kara gata dinoM vizAla grantha ke rUpa meM prakAzita kI gaI hai| sampUrNa bhAratavarSa meM vyApta huii| yaha grantha cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| isa sUcI-grantha ke jisa prakAra vaidika vAGmaya aura usase sambandhita cAro khaNDo ka cAroM khaNDoM kA adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki inameM, sAhitya meM bhAyurveda ke bIja prakIrNa rUpa se vidyamAna hai, aneka aise anya vidyamAna hai jo prAyurveda viSayaka hai aura usI prakAra jaina vAGmaya aura itara jaina sAhitya me jinakI racanA jainAcAryoM dvArA kI gaI hai| paryApta rUpa se mAyurveda sambandhI vibhinna viSayoM kA jaina darzana ke vibhinna prAgama granthoM kA adhyayana

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128, 29 ki. 3 anekAnta karane se jJAta hotA hai ki iname bhI prAyurveda sambandhI viSayoM barodha, 6. malAvarodha, 7. pradhvagamana, 8. pratikUla bhojana ke paryApta uddharaNa vidyamAna haiM / sthAnAMgasUtra aura vipAka. aura 6 kAmavikAra / yadi ina nau kAraNoM se manuSya sUtra meM prAyurveda ke pATha prakAra (aSTAMga prAyurveda), solaha bacatA rahe to use roga utpanna hone kA bhaya vilkula nahIM mahArogoM aura cikitsA sambandhI viSayoM kA bahuta acchA rhtaa| isa prakAra, jaina granthoM meM prAyurveda sambandhI viSayoM varNana hai| saMkSepa meM, yahAM unakA ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai| kA ullekha pracara rUpa meM milatA hai, jisase isa bAta kI pAyurveda ke pATha prakAra -1. kaumArabhatya (bAla puSTi hotI hai ki jainAcAryoM ko prAyurveda za stra kA mI cikitsA), 2. kAya cikitsA (zarIra ke sabhI roga aura paryApta jJAna rahatA thaa| unakI cikitsA), 3. zAlAkya cikitsA (gale se Upara ke bhAga meM hone vAle roga aura unakI cikitsA- ise sampUrNa jaina vAGmaya kA avalokana karane se jJAta mAyuvada meM 'zAlAkya tantra' kahA gayA hai). 4. zalya hotA hai ki usameM ahiMsA tattva kI pradhAnatA hai aura cikitsA (cor3a-phAI sambandhI jJAna jise prAjakala ahiMsA ko sarvopari pratiSThApita kiyA gayA hai| Ayurve'sajarA' kahA jAtA hai-ise prAyurveda meM zalyatantra' kI dIya cikitsA paddhati meM yadyapi prAdhyAtmikatA ko paryApta saMjJA dI gaI hai), 5. jigolI viSavidhAta tantra (ise rUpeNa prAdhAra mAnakara vahI bhAva pratiSThApita kiyA gayA mAyurveda meM 'agadatantra' kahA jAtA hai-isake andara sarpa, hai aura usameM yathAsambhava hiMsA ko bajita kiyA gayA hai, kITa, jUtA, mUSaka mAdi viSoM kA varNana tathA cikitsA kintu katipaya sthaloM para ahiMsA kI mUla bhAvanA kI evaM viSa sambandhI anya viSayoM kA ullela rahatA hai), upekSA bhI kI gaI hai, jaise bheSaja ke rUpa meM madhu, gorocana, 6. bhUtavidyA (bhUta-pizAca mAdi kA jJAna aura unake vibhinna pAsava, ariSTa prAdi kA pryog| isI prakAra, zamanopAya kA ullekha), 7. kSAratantra (vIyaM sambandhI bAjIkaraNa ke prasaMga meM caTakAMsa, kukkuTamAsa, hasazukra, viSaya paura tadgata vikRtiyoM kI cikitsA-ise mAyurveda makarazakra, mayaramAMsa mAdi ke prayoga evaM sevana kA ullekha meM vAjIkaraNa kI saMjJA dI gaI hai), 8. rasAyana (isake milatA hai| katipaya rogoM meM zUkaramAMsa, mRgamasi tathA antargata svastha puruSoM dvArA sevana yogya aise prayogoM evaM anya paza-pakSiyoM ke mAMsa sevana kA ullekha milatA hai| panavavAnA kA ullekha hai jo masAmayika vRddhAvasthA aise prayogoM se prAyurveda meM ahiMsA bhAva kI pUrNataH rakSA ko roka kara manuSya ko dIrghAyu, smRti, meghA, prabhI, varNa, nahI ho pAI hai / ataH aisI sthiti me yaha svAbhAvika hai| svarodArya prAdi svAbhAvika zaktiyAM pradAna karate haiN|) thA ki jaina sAdhanoM ke lie isa prakAra kA prAyuvadAra isI prakAra, jaina mAgama granthoM meM solaha mahAroga- usameM vaNita cikitsA upAdeya nahIM huI / jaina sAdhuo ke zvAsa, kAsa, jvara, dAha, kukSizUla, bhagandara, bhalasa, bhagA- asvastha hone para unheM kevala aise prayoga hI sevanIya the jA sIra, majIrNa, dRSTizUla, mastakazUla, bharocaka, pakSivedanA, pUrNataH mahiMsaka, ahiMsAbhAva prerita evaM vizuddha rIti se kaNavadanA, kaNDU-khujalI, dakodara-jalodara, kuSTa-kor3ha nirmita hoM / jainAcAryoM ne isa kaThinAI kA anubhava kiyA ginAe gae haiN| rogoM ke cAra prakAra batalAe gae haiM aura unhoMne sarvAMga rUpeNa prAyurveda kA adhyayana kara usameM bAtajanya, pittajanya, ileSmajanya aura sannipAtaja / pariSkArapUrvaka ahiMsAbhAva ko dRSTigata rakhate hue Ayurveda cikitsA ke cAra aMga pratipAdita hai--vaidya, prauSadhi, rogI sambandhI anthoM kI racanA kii| ve grantha jaina muniyoM ke mari paricAraka | jainAgamAnusAra cikitsaka cAra prakAra lie upayogI siddha he| jaina gahasthoM ne bhI unakA ke hote haiM -svacikitsaka, paracikitsaka, svapara cikitsaka paryApta lAbha utthaayaa| isakA eka prabhAva yaha bhI huA ki paura sAmAnya jnyaataa| jaina bhAgamoM meM prApta vivecana ke jaina sAdhunoM, sAdhviyoM, zrAvakoM evaM zrAvikAnoM kI anusAra rogotpatti ke nau kAraNa hote haiM-1. pratimAhAra, cikitsArtha jaina sAdhunoM-vidvAnoM ko bhI cikitsA kAya 2. mahitAzana, 3. prati nidrA, 4. prati jAgaraNa, 5. mUtrA meM pravRtta honA pdd'aa|

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pahale pahala digambara bhaTTArakoM ne vaidyaka vidyA ko aneka vaidyaka granthoM kA adhyayana evaM manana karane ke upagrahaNa kara cikitsA-kArya prarambha kiyaa| kAlAntara meM ganta hI isakI racA kI hai| grantha ke prAdi magalAcaraNa zvetAmbara jaina yatiyoM ne isa meM pratyanta dakSatA prApta kii| meM bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki grantha racanA se pUrva kavi ne Ayurveda bAda meM aisA samaya bhI pAyA ki uname kramazaH zidhinatA mAstra kA gahana adhyayana kiyA hai, para anyoM kA manana prAtI gaI / digamvara prAcAryoM aura vidhAnoM ne prAyurveda ke kiyA hai aura usame anila jJAna ko zubhava dvAra parijina grantho kA nirmANa kiyA hai ve adhikAzanaH prAkRta- mAjita kiyA hai| saMskRta bhApA ge hai| cUki una granthoM ke rakha-rakhAva evaM -rakhAva evaM yaha sampUrNa prastha mAta mamuddezoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM prakAzana mAdi kI ora samucita dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA, kula 332 gAthAga hai| isa granya ko eka anya prati meM, ataH uname meM adhikAMza naSTa yA luptaprAya ho cuke hai| jo mAdyanta maMgalAcaraNarahita aneka Ayurveda granthoM ke pramANa bace hae hai unake viSaya me jaina samAja kI ruci na hone sahita 167 gAghApo kA eka aura grantha hai| usake anta ke kAraNa ve prajJAna hai| zvetAmbara vidvAnoM dvArA jo grantha meM bhI iti vaidyamanotsave linA hai| ye donoM grantha dohA, race gaye hai ve gata cAra sau varSoM se adhika prAcIna nahI soraThA evaM caupAI meM hai| inameM se eka anya prakAzita ho hai| ataH unako racanA hindI me dohA, caupAI Adi camA hai. cinna vaha bhI aba mambhavataH upalabdha nahIM hai| chando me huI hai| isa prakAra ke grantho me yoga cintAmaNi, 2. vedya hulAsa - isakA dUsarA nAma tibbasAhabI bhI vaidya manotsava-vinoda, rAmavinoda, gaMgayatinidAna prAdi hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki lUkamAna hakIma ne phArasI / hindI baidyaka grantho kA prakAzana ho cukA hai| meM tibbamAhabI nAmaka jisa grantha kI racanA kI hai usI __ saMskRta ke vaidyaka grantho meM pUjyapAda viracita vaMdyamAra kA yaha hindI padyAnuvAda hai| tibbasAhabI eka prAmANika aura ugrAdityAcArya virAcana kalyANakAraka nAmaka grantho eva mahattvapUrNa grantha mAnA jAtA hai| prataH aise grantha kA kA mI hindI anuvAda sahita prakAzana ho cukA hai| iname anuvAda nizcaya hI upayogI mAbita hogaa| hikamata ke vaidyasAra ke thiya vidvAno kA mata hai ki vaha vastuna. phArasI anyo kA anuvAda urdU bhASA meM to huA hai, kintu pUjyapAda kI molika kRti nahIM hai, kisI anya vyakti ne hindI meM nahAya yinana nahI trA: ai sthiti meM unake nAma se isa grantha kI racanA kI hai| yaha eka sAhasika prayAsa hI mAnA jAyagA ki hikamata hindI meM racita vaidyaka grantha viSayaka pradhAna anya kA hindI bhASA meM anuvAda ho, vaha 1. vaidyamanotsava -yaha graMtha padyamaya hai aura dohA, bhI padyamaya zailI meM / isa pra ke anuzIlana se anuvAdaka soraThA va caupAI chando meM hai| isa grantha ke racapinA kavi kA phArasI bhASA kA vidvAna honA aura hindI bhASA para vara nayanasukha hai jo kezavarAja ke putra the| unhone isa ." , pUrNa adhikAra honA nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hotA hai / anugrantha kI racanA saMvat 1641 meM kI hai| graMtha meM prApta F vAdaka meM kAvya pratibhA kA honA bhI asaMdigdha hai| vA ullekha ke anusAra, akabara ke rAjya meM sIhananda nagara meM ima graMtha ke racayitA kavira malakacandra hai| 'dhAvaka catra zuklA dvitIyA (sa0 1641) ko unhone isa graMtha dharmakula ko nAma malUkacanda' ina zabdo ke dvArA anuvAdaka ke kI racanA pUrNa kii| anya ke prArambha meM 'bAvakakUla hI apana nAma kA ullama nikha kara unhoMne apanA thAvaka honA pratipAdita ke anantara lekhaka ne uyu pakta rUpa se saMkSepataH apanA ullekha kiyA hai| grantha kA adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki kiyA hai, apanA vyaktigata vizeSa paricaya kucha nahIM diyaa| pa kasA anya grantha kA anuvAda mAtra hI nahI hai,, yahI kAraNa hai ki kavi kA koI vizeSa paricaya prApta prapitu maulika rUpa se isakI racanA paddha rUpa meM kI gaI hai| nahI hotaa| yaha pratha meM anya graMthoM kI bhAMti antya prazasti sampUrNa prantha meM prAdyopAnta kI racanA kI maulikatA kA bhI nahI hai| isase grA racanA kA kAla aura racanA sthAna sahaja hI bhAbhAsa milatA hai itanA pravazya hai| ki kavi ne donoM prajJAta haiN| 000

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R.N. 10591/62 vIra-sevA-mandira ke upayogI makAzana purAtana navAkya-tUcI : prAkRta ke prAcIna 46 mUla-granthoM ko padyAnukramaNI, jisake sAtha 48 TIkAdi grantho me uddhRta dUgare pachI ko bhI anukramaNI lagI huI hai| saba milAkara 25353 padya vAkyoM kI suucii| maMpAdaka sanAra zrI jagalakizora jI kI gaveSaNApUrNa mahattva kI 7 pRSTha kI prastAvanA se alakRta, DA. kAlIdAma nAga, ema. e., DIliTa ke prArakAdhana (Foreword) aura DA0 e. ena. upAdhye, ema. e.,DI. liTa. kI bhUmikA (Introduction) mepita hai| zodhamoja ke vidvAnoM ke lie atIva upayogI, bar3A sAija, sajilda / 15.00 prAptaparIkSA : zrI vidyAnandAcArya kI svopajJa saTIka apUrva kRti, prAptoM kI parIkSA dvArA Izvara-viSayaka sundara vivecana ko lie hae, nyAyAcArya paM darabArIlAlajI ke hindI anuvAda se yukta, sajilda / 8.00 svayambhU stotra : samantabhadra bhAratI kA apUrva grantha, mukhtAra zrI jugala kizorajI ke hindI anuvAda, tathA mahattva kI gaveSaNApUrNa prastAvanA se suzobhita / ___... 2.00 stutividyA : svAmI samantabhadra kI anokhI kRti, pApo ke jItane kI kalA, saTIka, sAnuvAda mora zrI jugala kizora mustAra kI mahattva kI prastAvanAdi se alaMkRta sundara jild-shit| rAdhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa : paMcAdhyAyIkAra kavi rAjamala kI sundara AdhyAtmika racanA, hindI-anuvAda-sahita / / puktyanuzAsana : tattvajJAna se paripUrNa, samantabhadra kI asAdhAraNa kRti, jisakA abhI taka hindI anuvAda nahI huA thA / mukhtAra thI ke hindI anuvAda aura prastAvanAdi se alaMkRta, sajilda / ... 1.25 samIcIna dharmazAstra : svAmI samantabhadra kA gahasthAcAra-viSayaka atyuttama prAcIna grantha, mukhtAra zrIjugalakizora jI ke vivecanAtmaka hindI bhASya aura gaveSaNAtmaka prastAvanA se yukta, sajilda / 3-60 anagrantha-prazasti saMgraha, bhAga 1 : saMskRta aura prAkRta ke 171 aprakAzita granthoM kI prazastiyoM kA maMgalAcaraNa sahita apurva saMgraha, upayogI 11 pariziSToM aura paM0 paramAnanda zAstro kI itihAsa-viSayaka sAhitya paricayAtmaka prastAvanA me alaMkRta, sajilda / ... 4.00 samAdhitantra aura iSTopadeza : adhyAtmakRti, paramAnanda zAstrI kI hindI TIkA sahita 4.00 ayaNabelagola aura dakSiNa ke anya jaina tIrtha : zrI rAja kRSNa jaina ... padhyAtmarahasya - paM pAzAdhara kI sundara kRti, mukhtAra jI ke hindI anuvAda sahita / janaprantha-prazasti saMgraha, bhAga 2 : apabhraza ke 122 aprakAzita granthoM kI prazastiyoM kA mahattvapUrNa sNgrh| pacapana grantha kAroM ke aitihAsika graMtha-paricaya aura pariziSTo sahita / saM. paM paramAnanda shaastrii| sjild| 12.00 nyAya-dIpikA : prA. abhinava dharmabhUpaNa kI kRti kA pro0 DA0 darabArIlAlajI nyAyAcArya dvArA saM0 anu0| 7-00 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza : pRSTha saMkhyA 74, sajilda / kasAyapAhuDasutta : gUla grantha kI racanA Aja se do hajAra varSa pUrva zrI guNadharAcArya ne kI, jisa para zrI yativRSabhAcArya ne pandraha sau varSa pUrva chaha hajAra zloka pramANa cUNisUtra likhe / sampAdaka paM hIrAlAlajI siddhAnta zAstrI, upayogI pariziSTo aura hindI anuvAda ke sAtha bar3e sAija ke 1000 se bhI adhika pRSThoM meN| pRSTa kAgaja aura kapar3e kI pakkI jilda / / 20.00 Reality : prA0 pUjyapAda kI sarvArtha siddhi kA aMgrejI meM anuvAda bar3e prAkAra ke 300 pa. pakkI jilda jaina nibandha-ratnAvalI : zrI milApacandra tathA zrI ratanalAla kaTAriyA 5.00 dhyAnazataka (dhyAnastava sahita) : saMpAdaka paM0 bAlacandra siddhAnta-zAstrI 12-.. zrAvaka dharma saMhitA : zrI darayAvasiMha soSiyA jaina lakSaNAvalI (tIna bhAgoM meM): (tRtIya bhAga mudraNAdhIna) prathama bhAga 25-00; dvitIya bhAga 2500 . Jain Bibliography -(Universal Encyclopaedia of Jain References) (Pagcs 2500) (Under print) prakAzaka - bI ra saMga mandira ke lie rUpavANI priMTiMga hAusa, dariyAgaMja, dillI se mudrita / wwzd

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traimAsika zodha patrikA anekAnta varSa 26 : kiraNa 4 akTUbara-disambara 1976 viSayAnukramaNikA parAmarza-maNDala zrI yazapAla jaina DA0premasAgara jaina sampAdaka zrI gokulaprasAda jaina ema.e, ela-ela.bI., sAhityarala viSaya 1. jJAna kI gArimA 126 2 vAraMgala ke kAkAtIya rAjya saMsthApaka jaina guru / zrI mAruti nandana prasAda tivArI 3. jaina sAhitya aura zilpa meM vAgdevI sarasvatI 133 DA. jyoti prasAda jaina 4. ujjayinI kI do aprakAzita mahAvIra pratimAyeM -DA. surendra kumAra prArya 5. karnATaka me jaina zilpa kalA kA vikAsa - zrI ziva kumAra nAmadeva 6. ahiMsA ke rUpa- zrI padmacanda zAstrI, 7. giranAra kI aitihAsikatA - zrI kundana lAla jaina 146 8. revatagiri rAsa 6. svastika rahasya --zrI padma canda zAstrI 153, 10. hindI ke Adhunika jaina mahAkAvya -ku0 indurAya, 11. prAkRta, apabhra za aura anya bhAratIya bhASAe~ 161 1 150 vArSika mUlya 6) rupayA eka kiraNa kA mUlya: 1 rupayA 25 paisA prakAzaka vIra sevA mandira, 21 dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-2

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vIra sevA mandira sthApita : 1626 vIra sevA mandira samAja ke aise dharmavatsala 1000 vidyAdAniyoM kI mAvazyakatA hai jo sirpha eka bAra anudAna dekara jIvana 21, dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-2 bhara zAstradAna ke utkRSTa puNya kA saMcaya karate rheN| vIra sevA mandira uttara bhArata kA agraNI jaina 'vIra sevAmandira' kI sthApanA prAja se 47 varSa pUrva | saMskRti, sAhitya, itihAsa, purAtatva evaM darzana zodha sva. zrI jagalakizora mustAra, sva. zrI choTelAla jaina | saMsthAna hai jo 1926 se anavarata apane punIta uddezyoM kI tathA vartamAna adhyakSa zrI zAnti pramAda jaina prabhUti jAgrana sampati meM salagna rahA hai / ipake pAvana uddezya isa banAyo ke satprayatnoM se huI thii| taba se jainadarzana ke - jaina-janetara purAtatva sAmagrI kA sagraha, saMkalana pracAra tathA Thosa sAhitya ke prakAzana me vIra sevA mandira aura prakAzana / ne jo mahattvapUrNa kArya kika hai ve suvidita hai aura unake prAcIna jana-janetara grantho kA uddhAra / mahattva ko na sirpha bhArata me balki videzo me bhI vidvAnoM 0 loka hitArtha nava sAhitya kA sRjana, prakaTIkaraNa aura ne muktakaNTha se mAnA hai| pracAra / vIra sevA mandira' ke apane vizAla bhavana meM eka 'anekAnta' patrAdi dvArA janatA ke prAcAra-vicAra saniyojita granyAgAra hai jisakA samaya-samaya para rimacaM ko U~cA uThAne kA prytn| karane vAle chAtra upayoga karate hai| dillI se bAhara ke jaina sAhitya, itihAsa aura tattvajJAna viSayaka anagodhArtA chAtroM ke lie yahAM Thaharakara kArya karane ke lie| saMdhAnAdi kAryoM kA prasAdhana aura unake prottejanArtha chAtrAvAsa kI bhI vyavasthA hai| vattiyoM kA vidhAna tathA puraskArAdi kA prAyojana / aba taka jo bhI kArya hara hai, pApake sahayoga se hI vividha upayogI saskRta, prAkRta, apabhraza, hindI evaM ho pAe hai| yadi 'vIra saMvA mandira' ko kamajora prAvika aMgrejI prakAzano; jaina sAhitya, itihAsa aura tattvajJAna sthiti ko prApakA thor3A sambala mila jAe to kArya adhika | viSayaka zodha-anumaMdhAna ; suvizAla evaM nirantara pravardhavyavasthita tathA gatimAna ho jaae| 'pApa 251 20 mAtra mAna granthagAra, jaina saMskRti, sAhitya, itihAsa eva purAdekara AjIvana sadasya bana jAe~' to yApakI sahAyatA tatva ke samartha agradUta 'anekAnta' ke nirantara prakAzana evaM jIvana bhara ke lie 'vIra sevA mandira' ko prApta ho| anya anekAneka vividha sAhityika aura sAMskRtika gatisakatI hai| sadasyoM ko 'vIra sevA mandira' kA mAsika vidhiyo dvArA vIra sevA mandira gata 46 varSa se nirantara patra "anekAnta" ni zulka bhejA jAtA hai tathA anya sabhI sevArata rahA hai evaM uttarottara vikAsamAna hai| prakAzana do-nihAI mUlya para die jAte hai| yaha sasthA apane vividha kriyA-kalApoM meM hara prakAra se hameM vizvAsa hai ki dharma premI mahAna bhAva isa dizA prApakA mahattvapUrNa sahayoga evaM pUrNa protsAhana pAne kI meM saMsthA kI sahAyatA svaya to kareMge hI, anya vidyA adhikAriNI hai| ataH prApase sAnurodha nivedana hai ki :premiyoM ko bhI iga aura prerita kreNge| 1. vIra sevA mandira ke sadasya banakara dharma prabhAvanAtmaka -mahendrasaina jainI, mahAsaciva | kAryakramo meM sakriya yogadAna kreN| 2. vIra sevA mandira ke prakAzano ko svayaM apane upayoga 'anekAnta' ke svAmitva sambandhI vivaraNa ke lie tathA vividha mAMgalika avasaroM para apane prakAzana sthAna-borasevAmandira, 21 dariyAgaja, naI dillI priyajanoM ko bheTa meM dene ke lie khriideN| madraka-prakAzana-vIra sevA mandira ke nimitta 3. traimAsika zova patrikA 'anekAnta' ke grAhaka banakara prakAzana avadhi-mAsika zrI promaprakAza jaina jaina saskRti, sAhitya itihAsa eva purAtatva ke zodhArASTrikatA--bhAratIya patA-23, dariyAgaja, dillI-2 nusandhAna me yoga deN| sampAdaka-zrI gokulaprasAda jaina | 4. vividha dhArmika, sAskRtika parvo evaM dAnAdi ke pravarASTrikatA- bhAratIya 3, rAmanagara, naI dillI-55 saroM para mahat uddezyo kI pUrti meM vIra sevA mandira svAmitva-vIra sevA mandira, 21 dariyAgaja, naI dillI-2 kI Arthika sahAyatA kreN| ___maiM, promaprakAza jaina, etaddvArA ghoSita karatA hUM ki -gokula prasAda jaina (saciva) merI pUrNa jAnakArI evaM vizvAsa ke anusAra upayukta anekAnta meM prakAzita vicAroM ke lie sampAdaka vivaraNa satya hai| --promaprakAza, jaina prakAzaka maNDala uttaradAyI nahIM hai| -sampAdaka

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prom maham kaar paramAgamasya bIja niSiddha jAtyandha mindharavidhAnam / sakatanavilasitAnAM virodhamathana namAmyanekAntam // vIra-sevA-mandira, 21 dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-2 bI nirvANa mv| 2502, vi0ma0 203: varSa 26 kiraNa 4 akTUbara-disambara 1676 jJAna kI garimA sa eva parama brahma sa eva jinapaMgavaH / sa eva paramaM tattvaM sa eva paramo guruH / / sa eva paramaM jyotiH sa eva paramaM tapaH / sa eva paramaM dhyAnaM sa eva paramAtmakaH / / sa eva sarvakalyANaM sa eva sukhabhAjanaM / sa eva zuddha cidrUpa sa eva paramaM zivaH / / sa eva paramAnandaH sa eva sukhadAyakaH / sa eva parama jJAnaM sa eva guNasAgaraH / / paramAlAdasampannaM rAgadvaSavijitam / so'haM taM dehamadhyeSu yo jAnAti sa paNDitaH / / artha-vaha svAtmA hI guddhAvasthApanna hone para parama brahma hai, vahI jinazreSTha hai, vahI parama tattva hai, vahI parama gurudeva hai, vahI parama jyoti, parama tapa, parama dhyAna aura vahI paramAtmA hai / vahI sarvakalyANAtmaka hai, vahI mugkhoM kA amara pAtra hai, vahIM vizuddha catanyasvarUpa hai, vahI parama ziva hai, vahI parama Ananda hai, vahI mukha pradAtA hai, vaho paramajAna hai aura guNasamUha bhI vahI hai| usa parama pAhlAda se sampanna, rAgadveSajita prAtmA kA, jisake lie 'soha' kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai aura jo deha meM sthita hai, jo jAnatA hai vaha paNDita hai / / AkArarahitaM zuddhaM svasvarUpe vyavasthitama / siddhamaSTaguNopetaM nivikAraM niraMjanama / / tatsadRzaM nijAtmAna yo jAnAti sa paDitaH / sahajAnandacatanyaprakAzAya mahIyase / pASANeSa yathA hema dugdhamadhye yathA ghRtam / tilamadhye yathA tailaM dehamadhye tathA zivaH / / kASThamadhye yathA vahniH zaktirUpeNa tiSThati / ayamAtmA zarIreSu yo jAnAti sa paNDitaH / / artha--yaha prAtmA nirAkAra, zuddha, svasvarUpa meM sthita, siddha, apTa guNayukta, vikAranirasta aura nirajana hai| apane prAnmA meM vidyamAna mahAn sahajAnanda svarUpa caitanya ke prakAzanArtha jo siddha prAtmA ke sadaza apane prAtmA ko jAnatA hai, vaha paNDita hai, jaise pASANa meM svarNa, dugdha meM ghata tathA tiloM meM tela hai vaise isa deha meM ziva hai, AtmA vidyamAna hai| aura jase kASTha meM agni hai usI prakAra zaktirUpa meM ina zarIroM meM prAtmA kA nivAsa hai ise jAnane vAlA hI vidvAna hai|

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vAraMgala ke kAkAtIya rAjya saMsthApaka jaina guru 0 DA. jyotiprasAda jaina, lakhanaU jana sAghu prAyaH nivRtti mArgI, nispRha, niSparigraha, sala (poyasala yA hoyasala) ne dvArasamudra ke hoyasala rAjya mora jJAna-dhyAna-taporata vItarAgI hote rahe haiM / kintu kI sthApanA svaguru sudatta vardhamAna ke AzIrvAda, preraNA kabhI-kabhI ve savattiyoM ke bhI poSaka rahe hai aura aura sahAyatA se kI thii| anya bhI kaI udAharaNa haiM, dharmasaMrakSaNArtha kinhI surAjyoM kI sthApanA meM bhI preraka jiname se eka kA prAge varNana kiyA jAyegA / yoM jaina hue haiM / vizuddha itihAsakAla me suprasiddha maurya sAmrAjya dharma kI malpAdhika pravRtti to pUrva madhyakAla ke aneka ke saMsthApaka vIra candragupta maurya paura usake pathapradarzaka, choTe-bar3e rAjya vaMzo me rhii| rAjanIti guru evaM mantrIzvara mArya cANakya donoM hI 14vI zatAbdI I. ke pUrvArdha meM dillI meM khilajI jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| vIra vikramAditya dvArA ujjayinI aura tugaluka sultAnoM ke bhISaNa evaM vidhvaMsaka prahAroM me zabdoM kA uccheda karake mAlavagaNa kI puna: sthApanA ko dakSiNApatha kI jina rAjyasattAno ko jhelanA par3A meM prArya kAlaka preraka rahe the| dUsarI zatI I. ke anta unameM devagiri ke yAdava, dvArasamudra ke hoyasala aura ke lagabhaga gaMgavADi (maisUra) ke gaMga rAjya kI sthApanA vAraMgala ke kAkAtIya pramukha the| ina tInoM hI rAjyoM daDDiga eva mAdhava nAmaka bhrAtRdvaya ne munIndra siMhanandi kA udaya kalyANI ke uttaravartI cAlukya samrATo ke rUpa ke AzIrvAda, preraNA aura sahAyatA se kI thii| yaha meM 10vIM zatI ke anta athavA 11vI zatI I0 ke rAjavaMza hajAra-bAraha sau varSa paryanta pravicchinna rUpa se prArambha ke prAsapAsa huprA thaa| 12vI zatI ke anta ke calatA rahA / pAThavIM zatI meM saMsthApita humacca ke sAntara- lagabhaga ukta sAmrAjya kI samApti ke kucha pUrva hI ye vaMza ke prathama puruSa jinadattarAya ke dharmaguru evaM rAjaguru tInoM rAjya svatantra ho gae the| prataeva dakSiNApatha para jainAcArya siddhAMtakIrti the, aura havI zatI meM sonyatti musalamAnoM ke prAkramaNa ke samaya usa kSetra me yahI tIna ke raTTa rAjya kA saMsthApaka pRthvIrAma raTTa indrakIti svAmI rAjya sarvopari, svatantra, vaibhavasampanna, zaktizAlI aura kA vidyA-ziSya thaa|' gujarAta-saurASTra meM 745 I. vistRta the / musalamAno dvArA iname se sarvaprathama devagiri cApotkaTa (cAvar3A) rAjyavaMza kI sthApanA vanarAja kA yAdava rAjya samApta kiyA gayA, tadantara dvArasamudra cAvar3A ne svaguru zIlagurusUri ke prAzIrvAda, upadeza aura ke hoyasaloM kI bArI AI aura anta me vAraMgala ke sahAyatA se kI thii| gyAravIM zatI ke prArambha meM vIra kAkAtIya bhI samApta kara die ge| kintu antima do 1. bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi, (dvi0 saM), pR. 7661, pramukha aiti jaina, pR0 34-44 / 2. vahI, pR. 60.62 3. vahI, pR071-72; bhA0 i0 e00 pR0 256. 258 4. pramukha aiti0 jaina, pR0 171 5. vahI, pR0 177 6. vahI, pR0 228-226 7. vahI, pR0 134.135 8. dekhie hamArI uparokta dono pustake tathA sAltora kRta meDIvala jainijma, 10 kailAzacandra zAstrI kRta 'dakSiNa bhArata me jainadharma', desAI kRta 'jainijma ina sAutha iNDiyA', zeSagiri rAva kRta 'pAndhra karnA Taka jainijma', ityAdi, 6. bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi, pR0 362, 410,

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vAraMgala ke kALAtIya rAjya saMsthApaka jaina guru ke avazeSoM meM se hI prAyaH tatkAla suprasiddha vijayanagara hamane anyatra ullekha kiyA hai|" sAmrAjya kA udaya huprA thaa|" abhI hAla me, zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA dvArA anuvApUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNApatha ke ukta tIna pramakha dita 'vividha-tIrtha kalpa" kI prastAvanA likhate samaya bhAratIya rAjyoM meM se devagiri ke yAdava jaina dharma ke ana- hamArA dhyAna eka aise vivaraNa kI ora prAkaSita hugrA, yAyI nahI the, kintu usake acche prazrayadAtA rhe| hoyasala jisakI pora saMbhavatayA abhI taka kisI anya itihAsarAjyavaMza meM prArambha se prAyaH panta paryanta jaina dharma kI vidvAna kA dhyAna nahIM gayA pratIta hotA, aura jisase pralpAdhika pravRtti rahatI rahI, rAjya parivAra ke aneka siddha hotA hai ki pUrvollikhita hoyasala prabhati kaI rAjyoM sadasya parama jaina aura jana bandhupro ke bhakta bhI hote rhe| kI bhAti vAragala ke kAkAtIya kI sthApanA kA zreya bhI isa rAjya evaM vaza kI sthApanA kA zreya hI, jaisAki eka jainAcArya ko hI thaa| Upara kathana kiyA jA cukA hai, eka jainAcArya ko hai|" 'kalpapradIpa' (paparanAma 'vividha tIrthakalpa) ko zve tAmbarAcArya jinaprabhasUri ne vi0 saM0 1386 (san jahA taka vAragala ke kAkAtIya rAjyavaMza kA prazna ' prazna 1332 I.) kI bhAdrapada kRSNa dazamI budhavAra ke dina hai, usake viSaya meM prAdhunika itihAsakAra prAyaH yahI zrI hammIra muhammada (sulatAna mahammada bina tugaluka) pratipAdita karate hai ki vaha hindU yA zavamata kA anu. ke zAsanakAla meM yoginIpattana (dillI) me racakara pUrNa yAyI thaa| kintu aise saketa bhI milate hai ki kAkAtIya kiyA thaa| isa grantha me kula kalpa yA prakaraNa sakalita nareza gaNapatideva (1168-1261 I.) ke zAsana kAla hai, jiname se adhikAMza svayaM jinaprabhasUri dvArA racita me tailUgu mahAbhArata kA racayitA Tikkana somayya nAmaka hai-kaI eka aise bhI hai jo anya vidvAno dvArA racita hai| hindU vidvAna ne rAjasabhA me jano ko zAstrArtha meM parA- adhikatara kalpa kisI na kisI pavitra jaina tIrtha, patizaya jita kiyA thaa| pariNAmasvarUpa rAjA kaTTara zeva bana kSetra prAdi se sambandhita hai, aura bhinna-bhinna samayoM me gayA aura jaino para usane bhArI atyAcAra kiye tathA race gaye hai| kucha eka kalpo ke anta meM unakI racanA tabhI se isa rAjya me jaina dharma kI avanati prArambha huii|" tithi bhI dI huI hai, jiname se sarvaprathama tithi" vi0 sa0 isase yaha bhI vidita hotA hai ki usake pUrva vahAM jaina- 1364 (san 1307 I.) kalpa naH 11-vaibhAragiridharma unnata avasthA meM thA, aura rAjyavaMza me bhI jaina dharma kalpa ke anta me prApta hotI hai, aura antima vi0 sa0 kI pravRtti thI / vastutaH isa prAnta se sambandhita purAnI 1386 (san 1332 I0) kalpa na036 - zrI mahAvIra 'kaiphiyato' (nibaddha anuzrutiyo) ke prAdhAra para pro0 gaNadharakalpa ke anta meM sUcita kI gaI hai|" kalpa na063 zeSagirirAva ne, jo svayaM Andhra pradezavAsI the, yaha pramA- me jo vAstava me grantha kI antya prazasti hai, grantha samApti Nita kiyA thA ki vAragala eka samaya jainadharma kA eka kI tithi bhI san 1332 I0 prApta hotI hai| ukta pramukha kendra rahA thaa|" usa kAla meM ukta pradezo ke jaina 63 kalpo meM se 40 prAkRta bhASA me racita hai aura zeSa sambangho aura vahA~ jaino dvArA kie gaye kAryakalApoM kA 23 saskRta meM / 10. vahI, pR0 362..63; vinseMTa smitha-mAksaphorDa 15. vividha tIrthakalpa', muni jina vinaya dvArA sampadita hisTarI prApha iNDiyA, pR0 301 tathA siMdhI jaina granyamAlA ke antargata 1934 I. 11. dekhie hamArI pUrvokta donoM pustakeM / meM vizvabhAratIya siMdhI jaina jJAnapITha zAti niketana 12. bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi, pR. 335 dvArA prakAzita / 13. vahI, pR0 335-336; zeSagiri rAva : prAndhra. 16. vahI, pR.106 karnATaka jainijma 17, vahI, pR023 14. pramukha aiti jaina, pR0 161 18. vahI, pR. 77

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132, varSa 26, ki0 4 anekAnta graMtha kA kalpa saMkhyAka 53, prAmarakaNDa pAvatI devI ke chadma se mukta jinakA mana thA, jinakA hRdaya viSayasukha kalpa"" hai jo saMskRta bhASA me nibaddha hai aura svayaM grantha- vAMchA se kSubhita nahIM thA, jo sahRdaya janoM ke hRdayoM ko kAra prAcArya jinaprabhasUri viracita hai, kintu isa kalpa ke AhlAdita karate the, kAmavijetA the, jinhoMne vismayakArI racanAkAla kA koI sakta usame nahI hai| pratha ke prArambha caraNacayo se padmAvatI devI ko svavaza karake siddha kara meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa me 'tilaga nAmaka janapada ke liyA thA-usakA iSTa prApta kara liyA thA, aise meghamAbhUSaNa, pramarakuNDa nAmaka sundara nagara me girizikhara candra nAma ke anekAntI di0 bratipati apane ziSya samupara sthita bhavana (devAlaya) ke madhya bhAga meM virAjamAna dAya ke sAtha nivAsa karate the| ekadA zrAvakagoSThI kI padminIdevI (padmAvatI devI) kI jaya manAI hai / tadannatara prArthanA para unhone kisI anya sthAna ke lie vihAra samasta guNagaNoM ke prAkara, prAndhradeza ke prAmarakuNDa nagara kiyA / kucha hI dUra cale the ki apane hAtha meM apanI ke saundarya kA vaNana kiyA hai| aneka ramaNIka bhavanoM eva pustaka (jo hastAbharaNa rUpa hI thI) na dekhakara bole ki prAsAdoM kI suvyavasthita paMktiyo se susajjita, nAnAvidha ahA ! pramAdavaza vaha apanI pustaka pIche mandira vRkSoM se bhare udyAno evaM vATikAoM se alaMkRta, nirmala meM hI bhUla pAe hai / prastu, unhone mAdhavarAja nAmaka jalapUrita sarovaroM se zobhita, zatroM ko zobhita karane apane eka kSatriyajAtIya chAtraziSya ko ukta pustaka ko vAle durgama durga se yukta isa uttama nagara kA kahAM taka lAne ke lie bhejaa| vaha chAtra daur3A-daur3A maTha me gayA, varNana kareM ? usakI paNyabIthiyA (bAjAra) karavIra Adi kintu bhItara pahucane para usane dekhA ki adbhuta rUpavatI sugandhita puSpoM se, moThe ikSudaNDoM, moTe-moTe keloM, caGga kalyANI strI ukta pustaka ko apanI goda me rakhe baiThI hai / nAraGga, sahakAra, panasa, punnAga, nAgavallI, pUga, uttama usa prakSubdhacetA nirbhIka yuvaka ne strI kI jaghA para se nArikela prAdi svAdu khAdya phaloM se jo Rtu-Rtu me pustaka uThAnI cAhI to kyA dekhA ki pustaka to strI ke phalate hai aura dazo dizAnoM ko suvAsita karate the, uttama kaMdhe para rakhI hai / taba usa chAtra ne ukta strI ko mAtA zAli-dhAnyAdi, paTTAMzuka (rezamI vastroM) muktAmo eva mAnakara putravat usakI goda me paira rakvA aura pustaka nAnAvidha ratnoM se bharI huI thii| isa deza kI yaha rAja- usake kandhe para se utAra lii| devI ne yaha jAnakara ki dhAnI 'muraMgala'" tathA 'ekazilApattana' nAmo se prasiddha yaha yuvaka rAjyArohaNa karegA, usase kahA ki 'vatsa ! maiM thii| nagara ke nikaTa saba aora se ramaNIka ; apane maundarya terI sAhasikatA ko dekhakara santuSTa huI / jo cAhe, vara se parvarAja sumeru kA garva kharva karane vAlA, pRthvI kA maaNg|' chAtra ne uttara diy| 'mere jagadvandya gurudeva hI mere alakAra viSNupadacumbi zikhara aisA eka parvata thaa| usake samasta manoratho ko pUrNa karane meM samartha hai, phira maiM aura Upara RSabha, zAntinAtha Adi jinendro kI pratimAno kyA cAhUM ? aura pustaka lekara vaha guru kI sevA me prA se alaMkRta, manuSyo ke hRdayo ko AhlAdita karane vAle upasthita huaA, tathA mandira me jo ghaTA thA vaha bhI kaha jinAlaya vidyamAna the / usa pavitra jinAlaya me, sarva prakAra sunAyA / taba una kSapaNaka gaNAdhipati ne kahA 'bhadra ! vaha 16. vahI pR0 68-69 vividhatIrthakalpa kA bhUlapATha 'uraMgala' rahA hogaa| 20. mAndhradeza kA yaha bhAga-telaMga-telagAnA kahalAtA svaya vAraMgala bhI mUla nAma 'morukkula' kA apamraSTa rahA hai, kintu isa nAma kA prAcIna mUlarUpa triliMga rUpa hai (orukkula-urukula-uragala-pauragala-vAragala) rahA pratIta hotA hai| eka trikaliMgAdhipati kI aura usakA artha telugu bhASA meM ekAkI parvata hotA pUrvI samudrataTa para sthita rAjadhAnI ratnasaMcayapura me hai, jaisAki smitha sAhaba ne likhA hai (mAksaphorDa akalaka deva kA bauddho ke sAtha zAstrArtha hamA thaa| hi0 i0, pR. 286 phuTanoTa); sammavatayA isI 21. grantha meM nagara kA nAma pATha 'muragala' milatA hai, kAraNa ukta nagara kA apara nAma 'ekazelagiri', jabaki usakA suprasiddha nAma vArata hai / sambhava hai eka zilApattana yA ekazelapura prasiddha rahA /

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pAraMgala ke kAkAtIya rAjya saMsthApakana guru koI sAmAnya strI nahIM thI, varan ve to svaya bhagavatI praveza nahIM pA sakatA / jo viziSTa balazAlI evaM sAhasI padmAvatI devI thIM jo tujhe pratyakSa huii| maiM tujhe eka pama hai ve hI zilAdvAra kholakara bhItara jAte hai aura devI likhakara yaha patra detA hUM tU turanta vApasa jA aura devI sadana meM bhagavatI kI bhaktipUrvaka upAsanA karate hai| anya ko vaha patra divAnA / ' guru kA prAdeza mAnakara vaha patra guphAdvAra para hI devI kI pUjA karake apane manoratha siddha sahita phira maTha meM pahucA aura patra devI ko samarpita kara karate hai| diyA / usame likhA thA ki 'mujhe aSTa sahasra hAthI, ukta mAdhavarAja kaMkati grAma" kA nivAsI thaa| nava koTi padAti, eka lakSa rathAzva aura vipula koza usake vaMzaja-puraTirittamarAja-piNDi kuNDirAja-prollarAja pradAna kro|' bhagavatI ne patra par3hakara usa yuvaka ko eka rudradeva -gaNapatideva kI putrI rudramahAdevI, jisane paitIsa varSa atyanta tejasvI azva diyA aura kahA ki 'tujhe jo patra rAjya kiyA, usake pazcAt pratApa-rudraye prasiddha kAkatIya meM likhA hai, prApta hogA, yadi tU ghor3e para car3hakara drutavega nareza hue haiM / yaha pArAmakuNDa kI padmAvatI kA jinase calA jAegA aura pIche mur3akara nahI dekhegaa|" usane prabhasUri ne jaisA sunA (yathAzrutam) vaisA hI likhA hai| aisA hI kiyA, kintu bAraha yojana hI jA pAyA thA ki mambhava hai ki ullekhita guphAdvAra ke zilApaTTa para pIche ghaTe-ghar3iyAla mAdi kA tumulakha sunA aura kautUhala- devI ke atizaya kA uparokta vivaraNa akita rahA ho / vaza pIche mur3akara dekhane lagA / ghor3A vahIM sthira ho gyaa| aMtima rAjA pratAparudra ne 1266 se 1326 I. yahI usake rAjya kI antima sImA ho gii| taka rAjya kiyA thA aura usake pUrva usakI mAtAmahI tadanantara usa parama jaina mAdhavarAja ne nagara meM praviSTa rudra mahAdevI ne 1261 se 1266 taka rAjya kiyA hokara devI ke bhavana me jAkara usakI pUjA kii| phira thaa| san 1308.6 me alAuddIna khilajI kI senAmo pAnamatkuNDa yA prAmarakuNDara nagara me pAkara rAjyalakSmI ne vAraMgala para prAkramaNa kiyA aura lUTapATa kI thI aura kA upabhoga aura prajA kA pAlana nyAyapUrvaka kiyaa| 1321-22 me jUnAkhA~ (suhammada bina tugalaka) ne to usane iSTadevI padmAvatI kA svarNamayI daNDa-kalaza-dhvajAdi rAjA ko harAkara bandI banA liyA thA, kintu phira se camacamAtA, Uce zikhara vAlA manorama prAsAda banavAyA rAjya kA kucha bhAga aura bahuta-sA dhana lekara chor3a diyA aura bhaktipUrvaka devI kI nitya pUjA hone lgii| thA / isase lagatA hai ki jinaprabhasUri ne isa kalpa kI jina prabhasUri kahate hai ki bhuvanavyApI mahAtmya aura racanA 1300 aura 1308 I0 ke bIca kisI samaya kI amanda tejavAlA bhagavatI kA vaha mandira prAja bhI vahAM thii| ataeva unakA yaha vivaraNa bahuta kucha samasAmayika vidyamAna hai aura bhavyajana usakI pUjA bhI karate hai| hai| eka jIvita samakAlIna rAjya evam rAjyavaMza ke kintu mandira taka pahuMcane ke lie parvata kI eka gaMbhIra sambadha meM tataHpracalita eva lokaprasiddha anuzruti ko guphA ko pAra karanA par3atA hai / guphAdvAra para eka bhArI prAcArya ne nivaddha kiyA hai, ataeva usakI aitihAsikatA vizAla zilApaTTa lagA hai jisake kAraNa hara koI usameM (zeSa pR0 136 para) 22. pArAmakuNDa -prAmarakuNDa -pAnamakuNDa se abhiprAya 23. bhAratIya vidyA bhavana dvArA prakAzita bhAratIya iti Andhradeza ke prasiddha evaM atiprAcIna jaina kendra hAsa (bhAga 5, pR0 198) me isa grAma kA nAma rAmakoNDa aparanAma rAmatIrtha yA rAmagiri se rahA kAkatipura diyA hai aura kArikala cola ko isakA pratIta hotA hai| telugu bhASA kI anabhijJatA se mUla nirmAtA batAyA hai; kAkAtIya vaMza kA apara'koNDa' kA kuNDa ho gayA aura pratilipikAroM ne nAma durjaya vaMza diyA hai aura use zUdrajAtIya batAyA 'rAma' kA prArAma, prAmara, prAmamat prAdi kara diyA / hai; jo vaMzAvalI hI usame bhI vividhatIrthakalpa meM 'rAmakoNDa' ke lie dekheM hamArI jainA sorseja prApha ullikhita prathama tIna nAma nahI hai, zeSa hai, balki do hisTarI prApha entheTa iNDiyA, pR. 203 kucha matirikta bhii|

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jaina sAhitya aura zilpa meM vAgdevI sarasvatI zrI mArutinandada prasAda tivArI sagIta, vidyA aura buddhi kI pradhiSThAtrI devI sara. sarasvatI-prAndolana ke kAraNa hI jaina prAgamika jJAna kA svatI bhAratIya deviyoM meM sarvAdhika lokapriya rahI hai| lipibaddhIkaraNa prArambha huaA thA aura usake pariNAmabhAratIya deviyoM meM kevala lakSmI (samRddhi kI devI) evaM svarUpa hI prAgamika jJAna kI adhiSThAtrI devI ke rUpa me sarasvatI hI aisI deviyAM hai jo bhArata ke brAhmaNa, bauddha aura sarasvatI ko usakA pratIka banAyA gayA aura usakI pUjA jaina tInoM pramukha dharmoM meM samAna rUpa se lokapriya rahI hai| prArambha kI gii| prAgamika jJAna kI adhiSThAtrI devI brAhmaNa dharma meM sarasvatI ko kabhI brahmA kI (matsyapurANa) hone ke kAraNa hI usakI bhujA me pustaka ke pradarzana kI aura kabhI viSNu kI (brahmavaivartapurANa) zakti batAyA paramparA prArambha huii| mathurA ke kakAlI TIle se prApta gayA hai| brahmA kI putrI ke rUpa meM bhI sarasvatI kA sarasvatI kI prAcInatama jaina pratimA me bhI devI kI eka ullekha kiyA gayA hai| bauddhoM ne prArambha meM sarasvatI kI bhujA me pustaka pradarzita hai| kuSANayugIna ukta sarasvatI pUjA baddhi kI devI ke rUpa meM kI thI, para bAda meM use mUrti (132 I0) samprati rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU maMjazrI kI zakti ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyaa| jJAtavya (kramAMka je-24) me saMkalita hai| hai ki maMjuzrI bauddhadeva-samUha ke eka pramukha devatA rahe hai| sAhitya meM : jainoM meM bhI sarasvatI prAcIna kAla se hI lokapriya rahI aMgavijjA, paumacariu aura bhagavatIsUtra jaise prAcIna hai. jisake pUjana kI prAcInatA ke hameM sAhityika mora jaina graMthoM meM sarasvatI kA ullekha medhA aura buddhi kI devI purAtAtvika pramANa prApta hote hai| ke rUpa me hai / ekANasA sirI buddhI medhA kittI srsvtii| prAraMbhika jaina grantho me sarasvatI kA ullekha meghA (aMgavijjA, pradhyAya 58) / paura baddhi kI devI ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai, jise prajJAna devI ke lAkSaNika svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa pAThavIM zatI rUpI aMdhakAra kA nAza karane vAlI batAyA gayA hai| I0 meM hI pUrNatA prApta kara sakA thaa| pAThavI zatI I0 sagIta, jJAna aura buddhi kI devI hone ke kAraNa hI sagIta ke grantha caturvizatikA (vapaTTikasUrikRta) me hasavAhanA jJAna aura buddhi se sabadhita lagabhaga sabhI pavitra pratIkoM sarasvatI ko caturbhuja batAyA gayA hai, aura usakI bhujAmro (zveta raga, vINA, pustaka, papa, haMsavAhana) ko usase meM akSamAlA, padma, pustaka evaM veNu ke pradarzana kA nirdeza sambaddha kiyA gayA thaa| jaina granthoM meM sarasvatI kA manya hai| veNu kA ullekha nizcita hI prazuddha pATha ke kAraNa kaI nAmoM se smaraNa kiyA gayA, yathA zrutadevatA, bhAratI, hupA hai / vAstava meM ise vINA honA cAhie thaa| zAradA, bhASA, vAk, vAkdevatA, vAgIzvarI, vAgavAhinI, prakaTapANitale japamAlikA k.mlpustkvennuvraaghraa| vANI aura braahmii| ullekhanIya hai ki jainoM ke pramukha pavalahaMsasamA zrutavAhinI haratu me duritaM bhuvibhAratI // upAsya deva tIrthakara rahe hai, jinakI zikSAeM jinavANI', --caturvizatikA 'mAgama' yA 'zruta' ke rUpa meM jAnI jAtI thiiN| jaina mAgama dazavI zatI I0 ke grantha nirvANakalikA (pAdaliptagraMthoM ke saMkalana evaM lipibaddhIkaraNa kA prAthamika prayAsa sUrikRta) me samAna vivaraNoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA lagabhaga dUsarI zatI I0 pU0 ke madhya meM mathurA meM prArambha hai| kevala veNu ke sthAna para varadamudrA kA ullekha hai / hamA thaa| aisI dhAraNA hai ki mathurA meM prArambha honevAle 1412 I. ke graMtha prAcAradinakara (vardhamAnasUrikRta) meM

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ana sAhitya aura zilpa meM vAgdevI sarasvatI 135 bhI samAna vivaraNoM kA ullekha hai| kevala varadamudrA ke meM dvibhaja sarasvatI ko sthAnaka mudrA meM padmAsana para sthAna para vINA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / mAmUrtita kiyA gayA hai| padmAsana ke dono mora maMgalabhagavatI vAgdevate vINApustakamauktika kSavalapazvetAja- kalaza unkIrNa haiM / sarasvatI kI bhujAgo me pana maura mjitkre| -- prAcAradinakara pustaka pradarzita hai| sarasvatI bhAmahala, hAra, ekAvalI zvetAmbara graMtho ke viparIta digambara grantha pratiSThA. eva anya sAmAnya alaMkaraNo se sajjita hai| dvibhuja tilakam (1543 I.) meM sarasvatI kA vAhana mayara sarasvatI kI eka anya mUrti rAjasthAna ke hI rANakapura batAyA gayA hai| pratimAnirUpaNa sambandhI graMtho ke adhyayana jaina mandira (jilA pAlI) se prApta hai| isame sarasvatI se spaSTa hai ki hamavAhanA (kabhI-kabhI mayUravAhanA) sarasvatI ko donoM hAtho se vINAvAdana karate hue darzAyA gayA hai| caturbhujA hoMgI aura unake karo me makhyataH pustaka, vINA samIpa hI hasavAhana utkIrNa hai| tathA padma pradarzita hogaa| sarasvatI kI sagamaramara kI eka manohArI pratimA mUrta prakanoM meM : rAjasthAna ke gagAnagara jile ke palla nAmaka sthAna meM hai| jaina paramparA me sarasvatI kI mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa 10vI-11vI zatI I0 ko isa mUrti me caturbhUja sarasvatI ko kuSANa-yuga se nirantara madhyayuga (12vI zatI I0) taka sAdhAraNa pIThikA para khar3A darzAyA gayA hai| pIThikA para sabhI kSetroM meM lokapriya rahA hai| mUrta citraNo me sarasvatI hamAvAhana pAra hAya / hamAvAhana aura hAtha jor3e upAsaka prAkRtiyAM nirUpita hai| ko mukhyataH tIna svarUpo me abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai - alakRta kAMtimaNDala se yukta devI ke zIrSa bhAga me tIrthakara dvibhuja, caturbhuja aura bahubhuja / grathoM ke nirdezoM ke ana- kI laghu prAkRti utkIrNa hai / devI Urdhva dakSiNa aura vAma rUpa hI mUrta akano me sarasvatI kA vAhana haMsa (yA mayara) karo me kramaza: sanAlapadma aura pustaka pradarzita hai, jaba hai aura unakI bhujAoM me mukhyataH vINA, pustaka evaM ki nicale karoM meM varada-prakSamAlA aura kamaNDala sthita padma pradarzita hai| sarasvatI ko yA to padma para eka paira hai| sarasvatI ke donoM pAzvoM meM veNu aura vINAvAdinI laTakAkara lalita madrA meM pAsIna nirUpita kiyA gayA hai. strI prakRtiyAM AmUrtita hai| sarasvatI mUrti ke donoM yA phira sthAnaka madrA me gvaDe rUpa meN| pAvoM aura zISa bhAga me alakRta toraNa utkIrNa hai, sarasvatI kI prAcInatama mUni kuSANakAla (132 I0) jisa para jaina tIrthakaroM, mahAvidyA pro, gandharvo aura gajakI hai, jo mathurA ke kakAlI TIle se prApta haI hai| jana dhyAlo kI prAkRtiyA~ utkIrNa hai| devI kaI prakAra ke paramparA ko yaha sarasvatI-mUrti bhAratavarSa me sarasvatI- hAroM, karaNDamukuTa, vanamAlA, dhotI, bAjUbanda, mekhalA, pratimA kA prAcInatama jJAta udAharaNa hai| dvibhuja sarasvatI kagana aura car3iyo jaise alakaraNo se suzobhita hai| ko donoM paira moDakara pIThikA para baiThe darzAyA gayA hai| mUti samprati bIkAnera ke gagA golDena jubilI saMgrahAlaya devI kA mastaka aura dakSiNa bhujA bhagna hai| devI kI (kramAMka 203) me hai / samAna vivaraNo vAlI kaI mUrtiyA~ vAmabhujA me pustaka pradarzita hai| bhagna dakSiNa bhajA me khajurAho (madhyapradeza), tAragA (gujarAta) eva vimalaakSamAlA ke kucha manake spaSTa dikhAI par3ate hai| sarasvatI vasahI aura sevAr3I (rAjastha na) jaise jana sthalo me hai / ke donoM pAzvoM se do upAsaka AmUrtita hai, jiname se eka aisI eka mUrti rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dillI (kramAkakI bhujA me ghaTa pradarzita hai aura dUsarA namaskAramadrA me 1 / 6 / 278) meM mI zobhA pA rahI hai| avasthita hai| ullekhanIya hai ki isa mUrti ke bAda AgAmI jhAMsI jile ke antargata devagar3ha me bhI gyArahavI zatI lagabhaga 450 varSoM taka, yAnI guptavaza kI samApti taka, I0 kI eka manojJa sarasvatI-mUti hai| jaTAmukuTa se jaina paramparA kI eka bhI sarasvatI-mUrti prApta nahI hotii| suzobhita caturbhuja sarasvatI sthAnaka mudrA meM sAmAnya sarasvatI-mUrti kA dUsarA udAharaNa sAtavI zatI I0 kA pIThikA para khar3I hai / sarabatI kI bhujApro me prkssmaalaahai| rAjasthAna ke vasatagar3ha nAmaka sthAna se prApta mUrti vyAkhyAnamadrA, padya, varadamudrA aura pustaka pradazita hai /

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136, varSa 26, ki04 anekAnta mUrti ke zIrSa bhAga meM tIna laghu tIrthakaramU tiyA~ aura pAzvA pravaziSTa bhujAmoM meM padma, padma praura pustaka hai| caturbhuja me cAra sevikAe~ prAmUrtita haiN| sarasvatI kI do mUrtiyA~ sarasvatI kI 13vIM zatI I0 ko eka sthAnaka mUrti briTiza saMgrahAlaya meM bhI saMkalita hai| rAjasthAna se prApta haidarAbAda saMgrahAlaya meM hai| haMsavAhanA devI ke karoM me 11vI-12vI zatI I. kI pahalI mUrti me caturbhuja sarasvatI pustaka, akSamAlA, vINA aura aMkuza (yA vajra) hai| tribhaMga me khaDI hai| devI kI do pravaziSTa vAma bhujAnoM parikara me upAsaka aura tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI prAkRtiyAM meM akSamAlA aura pustaka pradarzita hai / zIrSa bhAga meM pAMca utkIrNa hai| rAjasthAna ke bharatapura jile ke bayAnA nAmaka laghu tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ eva pIThikA para sevaka aura upAsaka sthAna se prApta caturbhuja mUrti meM devI kA vAhana mayUra hai| AmUrtita hai| dUsarI mUrti saMvat 1061 (1034 I0) devI ke karoM meM padma, pustaka, varada aura kamaNDalu hai / me tithyakita hai / lekha meM spaSTa ta. vAgdevI kA nAma khudA sarasvatI kI bahabhujI mUrtiyoM ke udAharaNa mukhyataH hai| bar3odA-sagrahAlaya kI 11vIM-12vI zatI I0 ko gujarAta (tAraMgA) aura rAjasthAna (vimalavasahI evaM hasavAnA caturbhuja sarasvatI mUrti me devI ke hAthoM me vINA laNavasahI) ke jaina sthaloM meM hai / SaDbhuja sarasvatI kI varada-akSamAlA, pustaka eva jalapAtra pradarzita hai| pArva- do mUrtiyAM laNavasahI meM hai| dono udAharaNoM meM sarasvatI vartI cAmaradhAriNI sevikAnoM se sevyamAna sarasvatI haMsa para AsIna hai| eka mUrti meM devI kI pA~ca bhujAe~ vibhinna pralakaraNoM se sajjita hai| khaNDita haiM aura pravaziSTa eka bhujA meM padma hai| dUsarI rANakapura kI caturbhuja mUrti meM devI ko lalita mudrA mUrti meM do UparI bhujAmo meM padma pradarzita hai, jaba ki meM pAsIna dikhAyA gayA hai| devI kI bhujAmoM me prakSa- madhya kI bhujAeM jJAnamudrA meM hai| nicalI bhujAnoM meM mAlA, vINA, abhayamudrA aura kamaNDalu hai| eka anya prabhayAkSa aura kamaNDalu citrita hai| aSTabhuja sarasvatI udAharaNa me caturbhuja sarasvatI hasa para prArUr3ha haiM aura kI haMsavAhanA mUrti tAraMgA ke ajitanAtha mandira meM hai| unakI eka bhujA me abhayamudrA ke sthAna para pustaka hai| tribhaga meM khar3I devI ke 6 pravaziSTa karoM meM pustaka, akSacaturbhuja sarasvatI kI eka sundara pratimA rAjapUtAnA mAlA, varadamudrA, padma, pAza eva pustaka pradarzita hai / saMgrahAlaya, ajamera meM hai| bAsavADA jile ke arthaNA sarasvatI kI eka SoDazabhuja mUrti vimalavasahI ke vitAna nAmaka sthAna se prApta mUrti me devI vINA, pustaka, prakSa- para utkIrNa hai| nRtyarata puruSa prAkRtiyo se AveSTita mAlA aura padma dhAraNa kie hai| samAna vivaraNoM vAlI devI bhadrAsana para pAsIna hai| devI ke pravaziSTa hAthoM meM mUrtiyAM kabhAriyA ke neminAtha evaM pATaNa ke pacAsara padma, zaMkha, varada, padma, pustaka aura kamaNDalu pradarzita mandiroM (gujarAta) aura vimalavasahI meM hai / vimalavasahI haiN| haMsavAhanA devI ke zIrSa bhAga meM tIrthakara-mUrti utkIrNa kI eka caturbhuja mUrti me hasavAhanA sarasvatI kI tIna hai| 000 (pu0 133 kA zeSAMza) meM sandeha nahI honA cAhie- vistAroM aura ghaTanApoM parama na hone paura svaguru digambarAcArya meSacandra ke ke varNana meM kathaMcit paurANikatA yA atizayokti ho bhAzIrvAda, preraNA evaM sahAyatA se rAjya sthApana karane sakatI hai, kintu vAragala ke kAkAtIya rAjya ke saMsthApaka vAlA tathya atyanta mahatvapUrNa evaM vizvasanIya hai| mAdhavarAja ke, jisakA aparanAma sambhavatayA betarAja thA," 24. bhA0 vi0 bhavana vAle itihAsa meM vaMza ke sarvaprathama jJAta nareza kA nAma 'beta' diyA hai aura usakA samaya 1025 I0 ke lagabhaga anumAna kiyA hai| prataeva yA to mAdhavarAja kA hI aparanAma beta hogA, athavA vaha beta kA pUrvaja hogA. aura isa prakAra prAcArya meSacandra, mAdhavarAja, kAkAtIya pora ukta rAjya kI sthApanA sana 125 I. ke mAsapAsa honI caahie|

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ujjayinI kI do aprakAzita mahAvIra pratimAeM 0 DA. surendrakumAra prArya, ujjaina bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana-kAla me hI ujjayinI saMpUrNa prAcIna mAlavA me jaina dharma kA prasAra ujjayinI pazcimI bhArata ke eka mahAna sAMskRtika nagara ke rUpa me se hI sampanna huaa| aura yaha samada kAla havI se 13vI pramukha ghyApArika sthala bana cukA thaa| jaina granthoM me kahA zatAbdI taka apanI carama sImA para rhaa| 13vI zatAbdI gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ujjayinI me kaThora meM ujjayinI kA devadhara jaina-saMgha kA pradhAna thaa| isase tapasyA kI thI aura rudra ne apanI patnI sahita inakI puSTi hotI hai ki usa samaya ujjaina jaina pracAra kA pradhAna tapasyA bhaMga karane kA niSphala prayAsa kiyA thaa| yadyapi kendra thaa| ujjaina jile ke lagabhaga 40 sthala maiMne va vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra apane bhramaNa me purAtattvavettA padmazrI DA. viSNu zrIdhara vAkaNakara ne kabhI bhI ujjaina nahIM pAye the, phira bhI yadi pratIkAtmaka khoje haiN| jahAM jaina maMdira va tIrthaMkara pratimAeM haiM, artha liyA jAya to yaha spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra ke calAye prAyaH sabhI pratimAeM aprakAzita haiN| ina sthAnoM meM jaina jaina dharma ko yahAM bar3I sAdhanA se prasthApita kiyA gayA purAtattva kI dRSTi se nimnalikhita sthAna mahattvapUrNa haiM :mora pUrva ke pracalita zaiva dharma ne bAdhA DAlI, para vaha isa 1. unhela 2. ruNIjA 3. bhahatapura 4. jhArar3A 5. dhuleda dharma ke caturdika prasAra meM roka na lagA sakA aura jaina 6. kAyadA 7. khAcaroda 8. vikramapura 6. hAsAmapurA dharma nirvAdha prasArita hyaa| mauryakAla meM saMprati dvArA ise 10. iMdaukha 11. manasI 12. saur3haga 13. karer3I rAjyAzraya meM milakara pora phailAva milA aura yahI se vaha 14. suMdarasI 15. iMgoriyA 16. daMgavAr3A 17.dakSiNa bhArata kI ora bar3hA va dakSiNa bhArata me bhI kharasauda 18. naravara. 16. tAjapura. 20. TukarAla. paryApta vikasita hugraa| 21. jaithala. 22. pAnabihAra' / ujjaina meM akhila bhAratIya digambara sabhA ke tattvAjaina paramparAmoM me ujjaina ke zAsaka caMDapradyota ko vadhAna meM eka jaina-mUrti saMgrahAlaya kI sthApanA san 1930 ma kA kusuma kahA gayA hai| DA. meM kI gaI aura nikaTavartI sthAno se jaina avazeSa ekatrita esa. bI. deva ke anusAra, maurya samrAT saMprati ne pUrNa kiye gaye / isameM pa0 satyaMdhara kumAra jI seThI kA yogautsAha lekara jaina dharma kA vistAra pUrvI bhArata se haTAkara dAna vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| aba yaha saMgrahAlaya 580 madhya va pazcimI bhArata meM kiyA aura eka prakAra se mUrtiyoM se sampanna hai| yahAM kI do aprakAzita bhagavAn ujjayinI ko hI usakA kendra-bid banAyA aura dakSiNa mahAvIra pratimAnoM kA vivaraNa yahA para diyA jA bhArata meM jaina dharma ke prasArita hone kA mArga khola diyaa| rahA hai| saMprati ne prAcArya suhastina ke mArgadarzana me ujjayinI se saMgrahAlaya kI mUrti kramAMka 3 meM prathama pratimA hai| jaina dharma kA pracAra evaM prasAra kiyaa| ujjayinI ke hI saMpUrNa saMgrahAlaya kI tIrthakara pratimAnoM meM yaha vizeSa paramparAzruta evaM aneka kathAmoM ke nAyaka vikramAditya kalAtmaka hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra padmAsana meM baiThe hai / netra ne siddhasena divAkara ke dvArA jaina-dharma meM dIkSita hone unmIlita haiM aura mukhAkRti para saumya bhAva va gahana ke pazcAt jana dharma ke prasAra meM vizeSa yogadAna diyaa| (zeSa pR0 140 para) 1. DA. esa. bI. deva : hisTrI Apha jaina monAkijma, pR. 62. 2. prAcya vidyA niketana, bir3alA myUjiyama, bhopAla dvArA prAyojita jaina seminAra meM par3hA gayA DA. vAkagharakA shoghlekh|

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karNATaka meM jaina zilpakalA kA vikAsa / zrI zivakumAra nAmadeva karNATaka me jaina dharma ke astitva kA pramANa prathama evaM jvAlinI kI vizeSa pratiSThA kI sUcaka hai|' sadI I0 pU0 se 11vI sadI I0 taka jJAta hotA hai| kannaDa kSetra se prApta pArzvanAtha-mUrti (10vI-11vIM tatpazcAt vahA~ vIrazaiva mata kA pracAra humaa| hoyasala sadI) me eka sapaMphaNa-yukta padmAvatI kI do bhujAno meM mAdi vaMza ke nareza isa mata ke prabala samarthaka the| pUrva. padma eva abhaya pradarzita hai|' kannaDa zogha saMsthAna sagrahAkAlIna jaina devAlaya evaM guphAeM aihola, bAdAmI eva laya kI pArzvanAtha-mUrti me caturbhuja padmAvatI padma, pAza, paTTaDakala prAdi sthalo me upalabdha hotI hai| uparyukta gadA yA aMkuza eva phala dhAraNa kie hue hai| ukta saMgrahA sthaloM ke atirikta lakuNDI (lokigaDI), baMkapura, belagAma, laya me caturbhujI padmAvatI ko lalitamadrAsIna do svataMtra halzI, balligave, jalakuNDa prAdi me bhI jaina devAlaya hai| mUrtiyAM bhI surakSita hai / prathama pratimA (ke0 ema084) ye devAlaya vibhinna deva-pratimAno se vibhUSita hai| ina me sarpaphaNa se maDita yakSI kA vAhana kukkuTa-sarpa hai / yakSI devAlayoM meM zravaNabelagola kA zAMtinAtha madira, halevida kA kI dono dakSiNa bhajAe khaDita hai evaM vAma me pAza evaM pArzvanAtha maMdira evaM agadi kA mallinAtha madira ullekha- phala pradarzita hai| pratimA ke kirITa (mukuTa) me laghu jina nIya hai / isa kAla kI bRhadAkAra pratimAeM zravaNabelagola, prAkRti utkIrNa hai|' dvitIya pratimA meM pAMca sarpaphaNoM se kArkala evaM benUra me hai| suzobhita padmAvatI kI bhujAoM me phala, aMkuza, pAza evaM karNATaka ke hAyalezvara devAlaya se do phAMga kI dUrI padma pradarzita hai| yakSI kA vAhana hama hai| bAdAmI kI para jainoM ke tIna madira hai jiname caubIsa tIrtha karo kI pAMcavI guhA ke samakSa kI dIvAra para bhI lalita mudrA meM pratimAeM saMrakSita hai| pAsIna ca ja yakSI prA mUtita hai| prAsana ke nIce karNATaka meM padmAvanI sarvAdhika lokapriya yakSI rahI utkIrNa vAhana sabhavata hasa yA koca hai| sarpaphaNa se hai|' yadyapi padyAvatI kA sampradAya kAphI prAcIna rahA hai, vihIna yakSI ke karoM me abhaya, aMkuza, pAza evaM phala parantu dasavIM sadI ke pazcAt ke abhilekhIya sAkSyoM meM pradarzita hai| niraMtara padmAvatI kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| karNATaka ke karNATaka se upalabdha tIna caturbhujI padmAvatI kI vibhinna sthaloM se gyArahavIM sadI se terahavI sadI ke madhya pratimAeM samprati priMsa grApha velsa myUjiyama, baMbaI me haiN|' kI kaI pratimAe~ upalabdha hotI hai / ' ghAravADa jile me tInoM udAharaNo me eka sarpaphaNa se suzobhita padmAvatI hI mallisena mUri ne 'bhairava-padmAvatI kalpa' evaM 'jvAlinI- lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna hai / pahalI mUrti meM yakSI kI tIna kalpa' jaise tAMtrika granthoM kI racanA kI thI, jo padmAvatI avaziSTa bhajAyo me padma, pAza va akuza pradarzita hai| 1. jainijma ina sAutha iDiyA-desAI, pI0 bI0, pR0 ghAravAr3a, 1658, 10 16-annigerI 6. vahI, pR0 16 7. vahI 2. vahI, pR0 163 / 3. baho, pR010| 8. jaina yakSAja eNDa yakSiNIja, buleTina Dekkana kaoNleja4. noTsa prAna TU jaina meTala imejeja : hADave, DablyU. risarca isTiTyUTa, khaMDa 1, 1940, pR0 161 eca. esa., rUpama., aka 17, janavarI 1924, pR048.46 DI. saaNkliyaa| 5. e gAiDa TU da kannaDa risarca iMsTiTyUTa myUjiyama, 6. jana yakSAja eNDa yakSiNIja, pR0 158-59

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karNATaka meM jaina zilpakalA kA vikAsa 136 dUsarI mUrti kI eka prabaziSTa bhujA meM maMkuza tathA tIsarI se huA hai| anumAna hai ki mUrti kA vajana karIba 400 mUrti meM prAsana ke nIce utkIrNa vAhana saMbhavataH kukkuTa Tana hai / mUrtikAra kA asalI nAma prajJAta hai| kArkala kI yA zuka hai / yakSA varada, akuza, pAza eva sarpa se yukta hai| isa mUrti ke nirmANa ke sambandha me 'candrama kavi' ne apane bAdAmI meM tIna brAhmaNa guphAoM ke sAtha pUrva kI pora 'gommaTezvaracarita' meM bahuta kucha likhA hai| kArkala ke eka jaina gRhA bhI hai, jisakA nirmANa kAla 650 I0 ke gommaTezvara pratiSThApana samAroha me vijayanagara ne tatkAlagabhaga hai| ukta guphA meM pIche kI dIvAla meM siMhAsana lIna rAjA dvitIya devarAja upasthita the| mUti ke dAhinI para caubIsaveM tIrthakara mahAvIra virAjamAna haiN| unake prora akita saMskRta lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki zAlivAhana donoM ora do cavaradhArI hai aura barAmade ke donoM choroM zaka 1353 (I0 san 1431-32) meM virodhikRta saMvat para kramazaH pAzvanAtha evaM bAhubalI 7 phuTa U~ce utkIrNa kI phAlguna zuklA 11 budhavAra ko, kArkala ke bhairaraso hai| isI prakAra, staMbho para tIrthakara mUrtiyAM utkIrNa hai| ke guru maMsUra ke hanasoge dezI gaNa ke lalitakItijI ke bAdAmI kI hI taraha aihola meM bhI jaina guphAe hai| Adeza se candravaza ke bhairava rAjA ke putra vIra pAMDya ne isameM sahastra phaNayukta pAzvanAtha kI pratimA utkIrNa hai| ise sthApita kiyaa| pArzvanAtha ke atirikta bhagavAna mahAvIra kI bhI prAkRti veNara sthita gommaTa-mUrti ko vahA ke samIpavartI yahA~ dRSTigocara hotI hai| uparyukta dono sthala-bAdAmI kalyANI nAmaka sthala kI zilA se nirmita kiyA gayA hai| evaM aihola cAlukya nRpatiyoM ko rAjadhAnI rahe hai / isase zravaNabelagola me cAmuNDarAya dvArA sthApita gommaTa mUrti jJAta hotA hai ki cAlukyoM ke kAla meM nirmita jainakalA unake ko dekhakara timmaNa ajila ne apanI rAjadhAnI meM aisI hI jaina dharmAvalambI athavA dharma-sahiSNu hone kA pariNAma thaa| eka mUrti sthApita karane kA nizcaya kiyA aura yaha mati karNATaka me gommaTa kI aneka mUrtiyA~ hai| cAlukyo khudvaaii| mUrti ke dAhinI ora utkIrNa saMskRta lekha meM ke kAla me nirmita I0 san 650 kI gommaTa kI eka batAyA gayA hai ki cAmuNDarAya ke vaza ke timmarAja ne pratimA bAdAmI me sthita hai| talakADu ke gaga rAjApro ke zravaNabelagola ke apane guru bhaTTAraka cArukIti ke zAsanakAla meM gagarAja rAyamalla satyavAkya ke senApati prAdezAnusAra zAlivAhana zaka 1525 zodhakRta savat ke va matrI cAmuNDarAya dvArA zravaNabelagola me I0 san 182 guruvAra 1 mArca 1604 ko isakA pratiSThApana kraayaa| me sthApita vizva-prasiddha gommaTa mUrti hai| yaha 57 mUrti ke bAyI ora kannaDa pado me bhI yahI bAta ulliphuTa U~cI hai| maisUra ke samIpa gommaTa giri me 14 phuTa khita hai| U~cI eka gommaTa pratimA hai jo 14vIM sadI kI hai| zravaNabelagola ke uttarAbhimukha sthita mUrti vizva isake samIpa hI kannabAr3I (kRSNasAgara) ke usa pAra 12 kI prasiddha Azcaryajanaka vastupro me se eka hai| lambe mIla kI dUrI para sthita basadi hosa koTe hallI me gaga- bar3e kAna, lambavAhu, vizAla vakSasthala, patalI kamara, kAlIna gommaTa kI eka anya 18 phuTa UMco pratimA hai| sugaThita zarIra Adi ne mUrti kI sundaratA ko aura adhika kArkala meM 42 phuTa U~cI 1562 I0 meM vIrapANDa dvArA bar3hA diyA hai| kAyotsarga mudrA me 57 phuTa UcI taporata nimita gommaTa pratimA hai| zravaNa-belagola ke bhaTTAraka yaha pratimA mIlo dUra se hI darzaka ko apanI pora mAkRSTa cArukIti kI preraNA se timmarAja ajila ne veNara meM I0 kara letI hai| sana 1608 me 35 phuTa U~cI gommaTa mUrti kI sthApanA isa vizAlakAya pratimA ke nirmANa ke viSaya meM hame kraaii| eka abhilekha se jAnakArI upalabdha hotI hai, jo mUrti kArkala kI gommaTa mUrti kA nirmANa pahAr3I zilA ke pAzrvabhAga me utkIrNa hai| abhilekha se yaha jJAta hota, 10. prAkiyAlojikala sarve Apha iDiyA riporTa, bhAga 11. karnATaka kI gommaTa mUrtiyA~-pa0 ke0 bhujabalI 1, pa0 25 . zAstrI, mAnekAna agasta 1972

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140, barSa 29, ki.4 anekAnta hai ki isa pratimA kA nirmANa cAmuNDarAja ne karAyA thaa| vizva kI sarvocca 57 phuTa UMcI pratimA ke vibhinna cAmuNDarAja gaganareza rAjamalla (rAyamalla) caturtha aMgoM ke vinyAsa se isakI vizAlatA kA svataH anumAna (974-684 I0) ke maMtrI aura senApati the| cAmaNDarAja lagAyA jA sakatA haine kannaDa bhASA meM 'cAmuNDarAyapurANa' kI racanA kI thI jisameM unhoMne 24 tIrthakaroM kA caritra varNita kiyA / caraNa se karNa ke madhobhAga taka ... 50 isa pratimA ke nirmAtA zilpI ariSTanemi haiN| unhoMne karNa ke adhobhAga se mastaka taka... mati ke nirmANa meM aMgoM kA vinyAsa aise nape-tule DhaMga se caraNa kI lambAI kiyA hai ki usame kisI prakAra kA doSa nikAlanA caraNa ke agrabhAga kI caur3AI ... saMbhava nahIM hai; jaise karNa kA adhobhAga, vizAla skaMdha evaM caraNa kA aMgUThA mAjAnubAhu / pratimA ke skaMdha sIdhe haiM, unase do vizAla vakSa kI caur3AI pAMva kI uMgalI kI lambAI ... 2 bhajAeM apane svAbhAvika DhaMga se pralaMbita haiN| hasta kI madhya kI u~galI kI lambAI aMgaliyo sIdhI evaM pragUThA Urdhva ko uThA humA aMguliyoM er3o kI UMcAI ... 2 se vilaga hai| karNa kA pArila... isa vizAlakAya pratimA kA nirmANa zravaNabelagola kaTi ... ke indragiri ke kaThora halke bhUre prastara se huA hai| isa prakAra pratimA-nirmANa ke kSetra meM zilpI ne apUrva uttarAbhimukha sIdhI khar3I isa digambara pratimA ke jAnu saphalatA pAI hai| itane bhArI va kaThina patthara para catura ke Upara kA bhAga binA kisI sahAre ke avasthita hai| zilpI ne apanI jo nipUNatA dikhAI hai usase bhAratIya pratimA kA nirmANakAla lagabhaga 680 I. ke nikaTa hai| zilpiyoM kA cAturya pradarzita hotA hai| 000 (pR. 137 kA zeSAMza) citana hai| alakAvalI sucikkaNa va vartulAkAra hai aura me khaDgAsana meM aMkita hai| vidyAghara va duMdubhika prathama proSTha-bhAga me prastara ke kaTAva kI barIkI dekhate hI pratimA kI bhAti hI hai| Upara va pArzvabhAga me 23 banatI hai| Upara mAlA lie vidyAdhara hai va harSa vyakta tIrthaDura akita hai, para sabhI digambara pratIka yA vAhanoM karate kinnara va duMdubhika hai / mRdaga, jhAjha va turahI lie para AsIna hai| mUrtizilpa kI dRSTi se yaha pratimA bhI vAdaka-vRda sajIva jAna par3ate hai| Upara kono me do prabhUtapUrva hai| yaha vikrama saMvat 1050 meM nirmita huI thI tIrthaGkara padmAsana me, choTe prAkAra me utkIrNa hai| caMvara. jaisA ki usakI pAda-pITha para akita abhilekha se puSTa ghArI cavara DulA rahe hai| vAhana zera hai va nIce ke donoM hotA hai| isa pratimA kA prAkAra 684434 22 se. konoM meM kramazaH mAtaMga yakSa bhora siddhAyikA yakSiNI mI. hai| pratimA thor3I-sI bhagna hai / mUrti kramAMka 3 hai| aMkita hai| mUrtizilpa ke AdhAra para yaha pratimA dasavI se isameM bhI mAtaMga yakSa va siddhAyikA yakSiNI spaSTa hai| gyAharavI zatAbdI ke madhga kI hai jabaki paramAra zAsaka uparokta donoM mahAvIra pratimAe' zreSTha mUrtikalA yahAM ke rAjA the / prAkAra 75445422 se0 mii0| ra 75X 45X 22 sa0 maa0| kA jJApana karatI hai aura prAcIna mAlavA ke jainadharma ke lAla patthara me nirmita yaha mahAvIra pratimA mAlavA kI gauravazAlI pakSa ko prakaTa karatI hai| jaina tIrtha Dara mUrtikalA kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, dUsarI pratimA me bhagavAna mahAvIra kAyotsarga mudrA ujjaina (madhya pradeza) 000

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ahiMsA ke rUpa (prAdhyAtmika praura vyAvahArika) - zrI padmacanda zAstrI, ema0 e0 dillI, prAdhyAtmika-svAnubhUti rUpI svAnubhAvikI pariNati pahuMca jAtI hai taba "sAvadya" ke artha kI sImA bhI vistata meM lIna samyagdRSTi samasta-vabhAvikI-bandharUpa arthAt kSetra ko ghera letI haiM / loka meM "sAvadya" zabda prAyaH paraprAtmAnubhati meM vighnabhata kriyAoM ke prati sarvathA mauna hai| pIDana, hiMsA prAdi pApAcAra aura lokahita kriyAmoM mAtmAbhimukhI kI ruci para-padArthoM meM na ho, sarvathA ke bhAva meM liyA jAtA hai / parantu jahAM prAtmAbhima khatA svabhAva meM hI hai| prakArAntara se isa tathya ko hama isa saMbaMdhI mauna prakaraNa hai" sAvadya" kA artha ukta na leN| prakAra kaha sakate hai ki prAtmAbhimukhI eka aisA maunI mana-vacana-kAya tIno kI una sabhI pravRttiyoM meM liyA muni hai jisake prAtmAnubhUti ke sivAya bAhya (sAbadya) jAyegA to para-rUpa haiM, phira ve loka-viruddha athavA loka kA leza nhii| virodhAtIta jaisI bhI hoN| mani aura maunI donoM zabda prAdhyAtmika aura bhAva prAcArya kahate haiabhinna to hai hI, sAtha hI AtmA ke vAstavika svarUpa ko tatvaM sallAkSaNika sanmAtra vA yataH svayaM siddham / batalAne meM bhI samartha hai, arthAt muni vaha hai jo maunI (para tasmAdanAdinidhanaM svaHsahAyaM nivikalpam // pNcaadhyaayiitth|| se nivRtta) ho / jo maunI nahI vaha muni bhI nahIM / koSa tatva sat lakSaNavAlA hai, sat mAtra aura svayaM siddha hai, kAroM ne mauna zabda kA vyutpattipurassara jo vizleSaNa kiyA isalie vaha anAdi hai, pranidhana hai, sva-sahAya paura hai vaha manana yogya hai| ve likhate haiM nirvikalpa hai| "munerayaM maun"| manerbhAvaH vA maunabhU / maunaM cAzeSa sarvadayAnuSThAnavarjanam / maunamavikala munivRtta tanna ukta pramANa ke prAdhAra se sabhI dravya svatantra mora zcAyikaM smyvtvm"| lakSaNa bhinnatva ko liye hue hai etAvatA apane meM hI haiM / isakA bhAva aisA huyA ki prazeSa (sampUrNa) sAvadya' koI "para" anya kisI "para" kA kartA yA hAni (pApasahita) ke anuSThAna kA tyAga karanA mauna hai aura dAtA nahI / yaha mauna pUrNarUpa se muni kA cAritra hai aura yaha nizcaya yadi pramAda hai to vaha prazuddha jIva kA anAdi saMsAra samyaktva hai| jaise laukika vratI jana ko samasta laukika rUpa apanA, paura hiMsA hai to vaha apnii| jaba jIva sAvadya kriyAnoM ke prati maunI honA lAbhadAyaka hai| apanI svAbhAvikI maunavRtti ko chor3a kara pramAda bhAva AtmAbhimukhI mani aura samyagdRSTi ko bhI prAtmasAdhaka janya doSa se prAtmAnubhUti ke vimukha hotA hai taba vaha pravRttiyoM ke atirikta sabhI vibhAyo se mona (vimukhatA) apanI hI hAni -apane hI hiMsA rUpakarma (pApa) sAvadhaAvazyaka hai| jisane prAtmAtirikta samasta ruciyoM karma ko karatA hai, usakA munitva bhaga hotA hai| para kA (pramAda, kaSAya aura pAparUpa) kA parihAra kiyA vahI bhahita to vyavahAra se kahA jAtA hai-nizciya meM jIva samyagdRSTi (labdhirUpa meM hI kyo na ho) hai| kA svayaM kA hI bigAr3a hotA hai| smaraNa rahe ki prAdhyAtmika prakaraNa meM mauna kA bhAva isI prasaga meM jaba hama hiMsA mAdi pApoM para vicAra kevala vAcika mauna taka hI sImita nahIM rhtaa| vahAM to karate hai taba yahI phalita hotA hai ki vahA bhI prAcArya mana aura kAya bhI gabhita ho jAte hai, aura jaba mauna kI kA abhiprAya para.pAta prAdi kI pramukhatA se nahIM, prapAta sImA mana-vacana-kAya tInoM ke vyApAra ruddha karane taka hiMsA kA mUlabhUta abhiprAya pAtmaghAta se rahA hai aura para 1. bhavadyaM pApa saha tana vartate / paziyati malinayati jIvamiti pApam / karmabandho avajja sahateNa sosAvajjo jogotti vA vAvAro"-mabhiH rAjendra koSa /

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142, varSa 26, ki04 anekAnta dhAta ko gauNa kara diyA gayA hai| pAThaka isakA abhiprAya hI hiMsA hai| be spaSTa likhate haiM-" svayamevAtmAtmAnaye na leM ki vyavahArikI hiMsA hisA nahIM / apitu aisA mAtmanA hinasti pramAdavAn'-pramAdI prAtmA svayaM hI bhAva le-ki vaha bhI apanA ghAta kiye binA nahI ho apane se apanA ghAta karatA hai / ve kahate hai - sktii| etAvatA apane pariNAma zuddha rkheN| prAcArya atrApi prANavyaparomaNamasti bhAvalakSaNam"kRta (pramattayogAt prANavyaparopam hisA) sUtra dvArA prANa vyaparopaNa bhAvarUpa hai / isalie prAtmadarzI manipratipAdita hiMsA kA lakSaNa pAramArthika aura laukika samyagdRSTi ke pramAda ke prati maunI hone ke kAraNa manadonoM hI dRSTiyoM se yuktisagata hai / jaba hama prANoM kA vacana-kAya kI kriyA rokakara prAtmAlIna hone kI sthiti ghAta karane se laukika daza prANoM (5 indriya, 3 bala, pAyu me hiMsA Adi (mAvadha) kA svaya hI tyAga hai| sacce aura zvAsocchathAsa) kA bhAva lete hai taba ina prANoM kA muni kaho, samyaktvI kaho, ve hI hai| cheda hone se prANa vyaparApaNa (para-pIDana Adi) vyavahAra jinavANI me jahA himAdi paca pApoM saMbaMdhI raudra. meM sAvadha nAma pAte hai aura jaba hamArI dRSTi tatva (tatvaM dhyAnoM kA varNana hai vahA ina prazubha dhyAnoM ke sadbhAva kA sallAkSaNika) kI mora hotI hai, taba pramAda ko sAvadha vidhAna paMcama guNasthAna taka hI hai / mani (SaSThamguNasthAna) saMjJA dI jAtI hai, yataH jIva apanA hI ghAta karatA hai| meM sarvathA hI nhiiN| kahA bhI hai-tadraudradhyAnamavirata dezaprAtmarasarasika nizcayAvalambI ahiMsA Adi viratayorveditavyaM" arthAt raudra dhyAna avirata aura deza mahAvrata isalie to dhAraNa karatA nahIM ki vaha inake virata guNa sthAno meM hI hotA hai / muni ke arthAt SaSThama kAraNa para-ghAta mAdi ko kara puNya upArjana kregaa| guNa sthAnavartI ke nahI hotaa| isase yaha bhI samajhanA vaha to apanI daSTi "nija" meM kendrita karane ke lie cAhie ki muni meM jomahAvrata rUpa me vrata kA vidhAna hai vaha "para"-pramAda kA parihAramAtra karatA hai, aura pramAda mukhyataH abhyantara - mukhyataH abhyantara saMbhAla kI dRSTi se hI hai aura vAstava meM kA parihAra hone meM prAtma-hisA kA prabhAva hone para, muni pramatta virata hone ke kAraNa hiMsA Adi se rahita hI usake lie para-hiMsA kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| phira hai| hai, arthAt jaba pramAda nahI taya hisA kasI ? yadi kadAcita vyAvahArikI hiMsA me bhI to apanI hiMsA (pramAda) kI kahA jAya ki apane vrato me doSa pAne para munigaNa ko bhI prAyazcita kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai to vahAM bhI doSa hI pramukhatA hai| isIlie kahA hai -' pramattayogAditi / vizeSaNaM kevalaM prANavyaparopaNaM nA'dharmAya iti jJApanArthama (hiMsA) kI utpatti pramAda janya hI hai aura isalie (pramAda TAlane ke hetu) prAcAryoM ne ahiMsA mahAvrata kI arthAt kevala prANa vyaparopaNa adharma hetu nahIM hai, apitu bhAvanAmo meM sarvaprathama vAGmano guptiyo kA vidhAna kara pramAda vizeSaNa hI adharma hetu hai / isakA tAtparya yaha hai bAda me kAyagupti ko agabhUta IryAdi samitiyo kA ullekha ki AtmAbhimukhI kA pramAda hI usakI svayaM kI hiMsA hai kiyA hai-vAD. manoguptIryAdAna nikSepaNa-samityAaura isI ke prati pUrNa mauna honA ahiMsA-sAvadha kA vaca kA lokita pAnabhojanAni pc"| tyAga hai| ukta sabhI prasago se spaSTa hotA hai ki nizcaya daSTi zAstroM meM jahAM pramAda ke bhedoM ko ginAyA hai vahA~ se mani-maunI va samyagdRSTi para ke prati prazubha va zubha bhI kisI me koI aisI jhalaka nahIM milatI jisase para meM donoM me pUrNa mauna hai-vaha apane meM hI jAgaruka hai / isIkRta-karma mAtra hiMsA siddha ho| sabhI sthAnoM para sva-hiMsA lie "monamavikalamunivRttaM tannazcayikaM samyaktvam" (pramAda janya) ko hI mukhya batalAyA hai| yadi hiMsA meM aisA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha bhI dhvanita hotA mAtra prANavyaparopaNa abhISTa hotA to prAcArya pramAda hai ki saccA muni samyaktvI hI hotA hai aura samyaktvI hI vizeSaNa kA samAveza nahIM hI karate / ve kahate haiM-"nanu mani ho sakatA hai / zAstroM meM muniyo ke bhedoM me dravyaca prANa vyaparopaNA'bhAve'pi pramattayogamAtrAdeva hiseSyate", liMgI kA jo pATha pAyA hai vaha kevala janasAdhAraNa ke prarthAta prANa ghAta ke na hone para bhI pramAda yoga mAtra meM bodha ko bAliga mAtra kI apekSA se diyA gayA mAlama

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mAhitA ke rUpa hotA hai, vAstava meM "dravyaliMgI muni" zabda nahI kevala sAdhanA ke lie prayatnazIla hai, samiti vAlA hai, usako "dravyaliMgI" samajhA jAnA caahie| bAhara se prANI ko hiMsA hone mAtra se karmabaMdha nahIM hai, jisako tU mAranA cAhatA hai vaha tU hI hai: arthAt vaha hisA nahIM hai|" jisako tU paritApa venA cAhatA hai vaha vahI hai- "vIrato puNa jo jANaM kuNati prajArNa va appamatto vA / puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM zrI amRtacandrAcArya ne bhI tattha vi prajjhatyasamA saMjAyati NijjarANa co|| mAtma-hiMsA ko hI pramukhatA dI hai| ve kahate hai vRha bhA0 3636 // " "prAtmapariNAmahisana hetutvAt sarvameva hasatat / apramatta saMyamo (jAgRta sAdhaka) cAhe jAna meM (apaanRtavacanAdi kevalamadAhRta ziSyavodhAya // 42 // vAda sthiti meM?) hiMsA kare yA anajAna meM, use ataraMga arthAt prAtma pariNAmo (svabhAva) kI hisA hone ke zuddhi ke anusAra nirjarA hI hogI, bandha nhiiN| kAraNa hI anya pravRttiyA himA nAma pAtI hai| anata "prajjhattha visohie, jIvanikAha saMthaDe loe / mAdi kA vidhAna bhI kevala ziSyoM ke vodha ke lie hai-- desiyamahimaM gatta, jiNehi telokka daramIhi / / sabhI hiMsA meM gabhita ho jAte hai / aura bhI anya anekoM o0 ni0 747 // " digambara-zvetAmbara zAstroM meM isI bhAva ke ullekha milate trilokadarzI jinezvara devoM kA kathana hai ki anekAhaiM, jinameM hiMsA ko hI pramukhatA dI gaI hai| yathA- neka jIva samUhoM se parivyApta vizva meM sAdhaka kA mAyAceva ahiMsA AyA hisatti nicchayo emo| ahiMsakatva antara meM adhyAtma vizuddhi kI dRSTi se hI hai, jo hoi appamatto ahiMmanoM iyaro // pro0bi0 754 // " bAhya hiMsA yA ahiMsA kI dRSTi se nhiiN|' ___ nizcaya dRSTi se prAtmA hI hisA hai aura prAtmA hI "uccAliyammi pA, iriyAsamiyassa sakamaThAe / mahiMsA hai| jo pramatta hai vaha hisaka hai aura jo apramatta vAvajjejja kuligI, marijjataM jogamAmajja / / pro. ni. hai vaha ahisk|" 748 / / "naya hiMsA metteNa sAvajjeNAvi hiso hoi / yadA kadA IryAsamiti lIna sAdhu ke paira ke nIce bhI suddhassa u saMpattI aphalAbhaNiyA jiNavarehi / / mo0ni0 koTa, pataMga prAdi kSudraprANI pA jAte hai aura mara jAte 758 // " haiM / parantukevala bAhara meM dRzyamAna pApa rUpa hiMsA se koI "naya tassa tannimitto, bandho suhamovi desiyo samae / hisaka nahIM ho jAtA / yadi sAdhaka andara meM rAga-dveSa praNavajjo upayogeNa sAvabhAveNa so jamhA / / mo0 ni. rahita zuddha hai, to jinezvara devoM ne usakI bAhara ko 746 // " hiMsA ko karmabadha kA hetu na hone se niSphala batAyA hai| ukta hisA ke nimitta me uga sAdhu ko siddhAta me "jA jayamANassabhave, virAhaNA sutta vihisagaggasma / sUkSma bhI karmabandha nahIM batAyA hai, kyoMki vaha antara meM sA hoi nijjaraphalA, prajjattha visohi jutta ssa ||756 // " sarvatobhAvena usa hiMsA vyApAra meM nilipta hone ke kAraNa jo yAtAnAvAn sAdhaka antarA vizuddhi se yukta hai aura anavadayaniSpApa hai| prAgavidhi ke anusAra grAcaraNa karatA hai, usake dvArA hone "jo ya pamatto puriso, tassa yA jogaM paDucca je sttaa| vAlI virAdhanA (hisA) bhI kamanirjarA kA kAraNa hai|" vAvajjate niyamA, tasi so hiMso hoii|| "maradu va jiyadu va jIvI, ayadAcArassa NicchidA hisaa| mo0ni0 752 / / " payadassa patthi vandho, himA metteNa samidassa / / pravacana je bina vAvajjatI, niyamA tasiM pi hisano sou| 3/17 / " sAvajI u panogeNa, satvabhAveNa so jamhA / / bAhara se prANI mare yA jiye, ayatAcArI-pramatta pro0ni0 753 // ko pandara me hisA nizcita hai / parantu jo ahisA kI jo pramatta vyakti hai, usakI kisI bhI ceSTA se jo

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144, varSa 29, ki04 bhI prANI mara jAte haiM, vaha nizcita rUpa se una sabakA apitu puNyabandha hotA hai; aura jaba bandha hotA hai taba hiMsaka hotA hai / parantu jo prANI nahIM mAre gaye haiM vaha vicAra uThatA hai ki kyA munivrata kA uddezya bandha karanA pramatta unakA bhI hisaka hai kyoMki vaha antara meM sarvato. thA, yA saMvara-nirjarA ? aura bhI 'jIvesusANakampo bhAvena hiMsAvRtti (pramAda) ke kAraNa sAvadha hai| uvamogo so suhotassa, arthAt jIvo me anukampA karanA "tumaMsi nAma taM ceva jaM haMtavvaM ti mannasi / zubhopayoga hai| tumasi nAma taM ceva jaM pariyAvemanvaM ti mannAsi // yaha to mAnA jA sakatA hai ki jaba taka sAdhu nivRtti pra. cA0 1/5/5 // meM nahIM taba taka prazubha-pravRtti na kara ke zubha-pravRtti karatA jisako tU mAranA cAhatA hai vaha tU hI hai; jisako hai, para yaha to mAnanA hI par3egA ki yaha usakA kArya tU paritApa denA cAhatA hai vaha tU hI hai| kartavya rUpa nahIM apitu zithilatA-janya hai, kyoMki muni "je te appamata saMjayA te NaM no mAyAraMbhA, ko cAritra-dhAma kahA hai aura vaha cAritra 'svarUpecaraNaM no parAraMbhA, jAva praNAraMbhA / / (bhaga0 111) cAritra' rUpa hai| jaba taka svarUpa meM ramaNa nahI taba taka ghanA meM apramatta rahane vAle sAdhaka na apanI usakA munipada kisI bhI dRSTi se kaho, sadoSa hI hai, hiMsA karate haiM, na dUsaroM kI hiMsA karate hai| ve sarvadA kyoMki samyak cAritra kA utkRSTa svarUpa hI isa zreNI anAraMbha-ahiMsaka rahate hai / kA hai ki vaha para-mAzrita bAhya-abhyantara dono prakAra "prajjhattha visohIe jIvanikAehi saMthaDe loe / kI kriyAnoM se virakta-virAma rUpa hai| kahA bhI haidesiyamahisagatta jiNehi tilokka darasIhiM / / saMsArakAraNanitti pratyAgarNasya jJAnavato brAhyabhyantara prA0ni0 747 // kriyAvizeSoparamaH samyakacAritrama', yAnI saMsAra kA trilokadarzI jinezvara devoM kA kathana hai ki anekA- nitti ke prati udyata jJAnavAna jIva kA vAhya-prAbhyantara neka jIva samUhoM se parivyApta vizva meM sAdhaka kA donoM prakAra kI (zubha-azubha) kriyAnoM se virAma lenA pahisakatva antara se adhyAtma vizuddhi kI dRSTi se hI hai, samyaka cAritra hai| vrata saMjJA bhI virati ko dI gaI hai bAhya hiMsA yA ahisA kI dRSTi se nhiiN| pravRtti ko nahIM / kahA bhI hai--virattivratam / ' ukta sabhI uddharaNoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki pradhyAtma meM yadi koI jIva vyavahAra meM hiMsA se virata' hotA hai hiMsA-ahiMsA ke kathana kA sAkSAt sambandha prArama-lakSya se to use kahA jAtA hai ki ahimA me pravRtta hupA, arthAt hI rahA hai, bAhya para-lakSya se nhii| sAtha hI yaha bhI to jo pahile hanan rUpa kriyA kara rahA thA vaha usase virata vicAraNIya hai ki kyA adhyAtmarasika-maunI yA muni ke hokara pahanan rUpa kriyA me pravRtta ho rahA hai| para yaha liye jisa cAritra kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai vaha Atma- vyavahAra hI hai| vAstava me to vaha kriyA kara hI nahIM kalyANa-mokSa kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai yA sAMsArika- rhaa| jo hiMsA rUpa kriyA me usakA upayoga thA vaha puNya-zubhaprApti ko dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai ? jahAM taka hiMsA se haTA arthAt tarikrayA se viramita ho gyaa| use siddhAnta kA prazna hai, munivrata-vItarAgarUpacaritra dhAraNa usakA vikalpa hI nahIM rahA, aura jaba vikalpa nahI rahA kA uddezya, paranivRtti-sva-pravRtti rUpa hai aura sva-pravRtti taba hiMsA rUpa kriyA kI virodhI 'ahiMsA' rUpa kriyA se meM para-hetuka prayatna kasA ? yadi koI jIva 'para-rakSArUpa' bhI use kyA sarokAra rhaa| vaha to apane bhAva meM mA apanI pravRtti karatA hai to aisA samajhanA cAhie ki apane gyaa| jahAM taka pravRtti praura nirvRtti kA sambandha hai donoM mArga meM pUrNa svastha nhiiN| kahA bhI hai-bhUtavRttanukaMpA hI parasparApekSI-viruddha hone se eka ke vikalpa meM dUsare ca sadvedyAsrava hetavaH-(tatvArthasAra mAzravaprakaraNa),marthAta ke prAdurbhAva kI siddhi karate hai| jahAM eka hai vahA~ donoM para me anukampA-dayA (mahiMsA) sAtA vedanIya karma ke (apekSA daSTi se) hI hai| eka sthala para cAritra ke 'varNana mAdhava kA kAraNa hai, yAnI usa dayA se nirjarA nahI, meM' 'pacidiya saMvaraNaM' pada pAyA hai| pAThaka vicAreMge ki

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pahisA ke rUpa 145 vahAM bhI 'saMvaraNaM' pada ko cAritra rUpa mahattva diyA gayA hai, hai| ve kahate hai-"vilazyantAM ca pare mahAvratatayo bhAreNa na ki paMcendriyoM kI pravRtti ko cAritra rUpa diyA gayA bhagnAzciram"- amRtH||142 // prarthAt 'mahAvrata maura ho, phira cAhe vaha pravRtti zubha rUpa hI kyoM na ho? tapa ke bhAra se bahuta samaya taka bhagna hote hue kleza kareM baMdha meM kAraNa-bhUta hone se tyAjya hI hai| yadi prAcArya to karo / bhAva aisA hai ki jaba taka para-nivRtti aura svako prasaMga (caritra pAhuDa 27) meM pravRtti iSTa hotI to pravRtti rUpa mahAbata va tapa nahI taba taka duHkha se chuTakArA ve spaSTa likhate ki paMca-indriyoM ko zubha se sambaddha karanA nahI, kyoMki jaba sarvaparigraha-bAhyabhyantara vikalpa mAtra cAritra hai| para aisA unhoMne likhA nhiiN| unhoMne to zubha- ke tyAga meM dIkSA kA vidhAna hai tabadIkSA se saMbhAvita prazubha donoM pravRttiyoM se vimukha 'saMvaraNa' pada diyaa| mani aura maunI athavA samyagdaSTi ke vikalpa kaisA? anyatra eka sthAna para bhI 'rAyAdIpariharaNaM caraNaM'- vahAM to sarva parigraha kA tyAga honA hI cAhiye / kahA samaya-155 ; dvArA parihAra ko hI cAritra batalAyA na, bhI hai-'pavvajjA savvasaMgaparicattA' arthAt sarva saMga ki unameM bihAra ko| yadi rAga hai, cAhe vaha zubha hI hai (parigraha-para-graha, vikalpa bhI) kA tyAga hI 'pravrajyA' to bhI vaha parihAra nahI, bihAra hI hai| ata: adhyAtma meM hai| etAvatA jahAM mauna kA sambandha hai, maunI, muni, usa zubha ko bhI sthAna nahI diyA gayA kyoki vaha para samyagdRSTi kI dRSTi meM ahiMsA prAdika mahAvratoM kA bhAva se hI sabandhita hogaa| prAtmabhAva se hI hai para-zubhAzubha vikalpoM se nhiiN| kahA jAne meM prAtA hai ki yadi vrata meM pravRtti niSiddha prAcArya nemicanda siddhAntacakravati to cAritra ke lakSaNoM hai to aNavratI kI apekSA mahAvratI ke asakhyAta gunI meM spaSTa ullekha kara rahe haiN| unakA bhAva hai ki adhyAtma nirjarA siddhAnta meM kyoM kahI gaI hai ? yaha to vrata kA meM cAritra kA jo sthAna hai vaha vyavahAra meM nahIM hai aura hI prabhAva hai ki usake asaMkhyAta gunI nirjarA hotI hai| vyavahAra meM cAritra kA jo sthAna hai vaha adhyAtma meM nahIM para isa sthala meM bhI hameM vicAra rakhanA cAhiye ki ukta hai| jaba eka aura samasta kriyAnoM ko nirvatti cAritra asaMkhyAtagunI nirjarA meM bhI virati' rUpa vrata hI kAraNa hai to dUsarI ora pravRtti ko cAritra samajhA jAtA hai| hai 'pravRtti rUpa' nhiiN| jaisI-jaisI pravRtti kA prabhAva hai ve likhate hai vyavahAra meMvasI-vaisI aura usa rUpa meM nirjarA hai| vAstava meM to 'prasuhAdo viNivittI suhe pavittIya jANa cArittaM / jaina darzana meM pravRtti sarvathA hI niSiddha hai| sAdhu vrata vadasamidiguttirUvaM vavahAraNayA du jiNa bhaNiyaM / / dravya 45 / grahaNa karatA hai yaha to vyavahAra meM kahA jAtA hai anyathA prazubha se nivRtti zubha me bhaura meM pravRtti-bratakaratA to vaha nivRti hI hai| kisI sAghu ne 'ahiMsA samitiguptiprAdirUpa vyavahAra cAritra hai| phalitArtha yaha mahAvrata' dhAraNa kiyA isa kathana meM bhI vicArA jAya to hA ki ukta pravRtti rUpa cAritra una jIvoM kI apekSA ahiMsA nAmaka koI padArtha nahIM-svabhAva nahIM : vaha to se hai jo pradhyAtma svarUpa meM nahIM pahuMca pAye hai aura parahiMsA kriyA paura hiMsA bhAva ke prabhAva kA hI nAma hai vaza hoM, jinheM pravRtti se chuTakArA nahIM mila sakA hai| paura prabhAva ko kyA, kaise grahaNa kiyA jAyegA ? ye saba jina jIvoM ne para ko para samajhA aura anubhavA hai, aise prazna haiM, jo hameM antatogatvA isI niSkarSa para pahuMcAte samyagdRSTi kI dRSTi (mAdhyAtmika dRSTi) meM to pravRtti, haiM ki nirvRtti hI cAritra hai, pravRtti cAritra nhiiN| pravatti hI hai-para-rUpa aura vikalpAtmaka hai, vahAM mauna ukta sabhI bAtoM se spaSTa hai ki adhyAtma meM mahA- athavA munitva nahI hai| unake lie to bhAcArya kahate vratI-mani, maunI va samyagdRSTi meM bheda-buddhi kA sarvathA haiprabhAva hai, para nirvRtti hI hai pravRtti nhiiN| itanA hI kyoM 'vahiranbhantarakiriyA rohI bhava kAraNappaNAsaThTha / eka sthAna para to prAcArya mahAvrata aura tapa Adi ko NANissa jaM jiNuttaM taM paramaM sammacArittam // dravya 46 // (para-sApekSa hone ke kAraNa) bhAra taka ghoSita kara dete bahiraMga aura prAbhyaMtara donoM prakAra kI kriyAmoM kA

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146, varSa 26, ki0 4 anekAnta roSa saMsAra ke kAraNoM-prAthada-baMdha ko naSTa karane vAlA mArga se ajJahI samajhanA caahiye| jina vratoM ko mazubha hai aura vaha jinendra deva ne jJAnI ko batalAyA hai| vahI nitti aura zabha-pravatti rUpa meM liyA jAne kA calana pUrNa bhora saccA cAritra hai / etAvatA aise cAritra ko sA cala cukA hai| vAstava meM unakI sthiti sasA-ra pAraNa karanA apanA kartavya mAna prAdhyAtmika dapTi. pradAna karane taka hI sImita hai aura isIliye pAcAyoM pravRtti mArga meM sarvathA dUra-maunI rahatA hai aura isI. ne una vratAdikoM ko prAzrava-adhikAra-rUpa saptama adhyAya lie vaha samyagdRSTi aura muni bhI hai aura isIlie meM hI pradarzita kiyA hai, saMvara aura nirjarA rUpa navama munitva meM mukti bhI hai| vaha nirgrantha hai, parigraha aura adhikAra me nahI / paMcAdhyAyI kAra bhI vratAdi ko sarvathA sAMsArika vAsanAmoM se virakta hai| usame jo kucha bhI bandha kA kAraNa hI ghoSita karate hai / ve likhate haiMpAzrava-baMdha kI chaTA hotI hai vaha saba pravRtti rUpa kI hI 'sarvataH siddhamevaitadvata bAhyaM dayAGgiSu / hai-muni athavA mauna rUpa kI nhii| isase spaSTa hai ki vratamantaH kaSAyANAM tyAga: saiSAtmani kRpA / / 752 // ' adhyAtma meM ahiMsA prAdi, svakI apekSA se hI hai para kI prANiyo meM dayA-ahiMsA bhAva karanA bAhya (laukikaapekSA se nhiiN| kahA bhI hai vyavahAra) vrata hai| vAstavika brata to aMtaraMga kI kaSAyoM 'paramaTTo khalu samayo'-samaya sAra 151 / - (rAgadveSAdi vikalpoM) kA tyAga hI hai| nizcaya se prAtmA hI paramArtha hai / ataH prAtmA ke hI arthAdrAgAdayo hisA cAstyadharmovatacyutiH / sanmukha honA caahie| yadi koI jIva prAtmA kA lakSya ahisA tatparityAgo brataM dharmo'thavA kila / / 754 // ' to kare nahIM aura pApa nivRtti kara puNya rUpa zubha karma arthAt rAgAdibhAva hI hisA hai, rAgAdibhAva hI meM pravRtta ho, use hI kalyANa-paramapada mokSa-kA hetu adharma hai, aura rAgAdibhAva hI brata-cyuti haiM aura rAgAdimAnane laga jAya-jina vacanoM kA lopakara svacchanda ho bhAvoM kA tyAga hI hiMsA hai, rAgAdibhAvoM kA tyAga hI jAya-tI usake brata-tapa Adi bAhyAcAra bAlatapa hI dharma hai, rAgAdi bhAvoM kA tyAga hI vrata hai| kahalAyeMge, kyoMki 'rUDhe zubhopayopayogo'pi khyAtazcAritrasajJayA / 'paramamhi du paThido jo kuNadi tavaM vada ca dhAreI / svArtha kriyAmakurvANaH sArthanAmAsti dIpavat / / 756 / / savvaM bAla-tavaM bAla-vadaM viti savvaNhU / / ' -samayasAra, 152 yadyapi rUr3hi se zabhopayoga bhI cAritranAma se prasiddha 'jo jIva paramArtha-- prAtmA me sthira nahI rahate aura hai parantu aisA cAritra nivRtti rUpa na hone ke kAraNa bAhma meM vrata-tapa ko dhAraNa karate hai, unakI samasta nizcaya se cAritra nahIM hai| vrata-taSa rUpa kriyAoM ko sarvajJa deva ne bAla-tapa "kintu bandhasya hetuH syAdarthAttatpratyanIkavat / maura bAla-vrata kahA hai|' arthAt aisA tapa zubha me nAsau varaM, varaM yaH sa nApakAropakArakRt / / 760 // pravRttirUpa hone se saMsAra kA hI kAraNa hai| yadi koI rUr3hi ke vaza se cAritra sajJA ko dhAraNa karane vAlA jIva aisA mAne ki puNya kI prApti me bhI mokSa ho to cAritra, bandha kA hetu hone ke kAraNa zreSTha nahIM hai / zreSTha usakA mAnanA bhrama hI hai| prAcArya kahate hai ki to vaha hai jo apakAra athabA upakAra kucha bhI na kare "paramaTi vAhirAje te aNNANeNa puNNamicchanti / prarthAta zreSThatA parApekSIpana me na hokara svAzraya meM hI hai saMsAra gamaNa hedU vimokkha hedaM ajANatA // paura zubha-azubha donoM para hone se sarvathA heya hai| -samayasAra, 154 // ' 'nohyaM prajJAparAghatvAnnirjarA hetu rNjsaa| jo jIva paramArtha se vimukha hai be ajJAnI hone ke asti nAbandhaheturvA zubhonApya zubhA vahaH // 762 // ' kAraNa puNya kI icchA karate hai| vAstava me puNya to sasAra buddhi vibhrama se aisA bhI vicAra nahIM karanA cAhie gamana-parimramaNa kA hI hetu hai / aise jIvoM ko mokSa- ki aisA zubhopayoga rUpa cAritra ekadeza nirjarA kA

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pahisA ke rUpa 147 kAraNa hai, kyoki na to zubhopayoga hI prabandha kA hetu hai kAla se panantoM bAra karatA rahA / prataH niSkarSa aisA lenA aura na prazubhopayoga hI prabandha hetu hai / cAhie ki isa jIva ko mokSa prApti ke liye parama samAdhi prAcArya kunda kunda pravacanasAra meM likhate hai lene me samyagdRSTi kA vizvAsa hotA hai| ataH samyagyadRSTi 'dhammeNa pariNadappA appA jadi suddha spnogjudo| vastutaH zubha-azubha, puNya-pApa, parApekSIvrata-avrata mAdi pAvadi NibANa suhaM suhovajutto va saggamuhaM / / prv0||' parakRta bhAvoM me samatA bhAva rakhakara unake prati maunI hai| ___'dharma (nizcaya aura vyavahAra) se pariNa ta prAtmA etAvatA samyagdRSTi ko maunI aura muni bhI kahA jAtA hai| jaba zuddhopayogI hotA hai taba nirvANa pada ko prApta karatA prakRti ke vibhinna rUpo kI samaSTi sasAra hai mora hai aura jaba zabhopayoga yukta hotA hai taba svarga (Adi) isa samaSTi ke mAdhAra para hI yaha cara-acara jagata apane ke sukhoM ko prApta karatA hai| isame bhI nizcaya (adhyAtma) vibhinna rUpo me dRSTigocara ho rahA hai| thor3I dera ke mArga me nitti (zubha se bhI) ko hI pramukhatA dI hai| liye hama aisI kalpanA kareM ki sasAra kA pratyeka padArtha prAcArya amRtacandra jI likhate hai hameM apane-apane zuddha-ekAkI rUpa me dRSTigocara ho yadA tu dharmapariNatasvabhAvo'pi zubhopayogapariNatyA rahA hai aura kisI se kisI kA koI sambandha nahI hai to maMgacchate tadA sa pratyanIka zaktitayA svakAryakaraNAsamarthaH aisI hamArI kalpanA hame antatogatvA sasAra se dUra pahaMkathaMcidviruddha kAryakAricAritraH zikhitaptaghRtopasikta- cAne kI sAdhana hI banegI / isakA bhAva aisA hai ki jaba puruSodAhadukhamiva svargasugvabandhamavApnoti / ataH zuddho. pratyeka padArtha ke zuddha rUpa kI jhalaka sasAra, zarIra aura payoga: upAdeyaH zubhApayogo heyaH / / bhogoM se virakta kaga mukta pada prApta karAtI hai to isase arthAta dharmapariNata svabhAva vAlA yaha prAtmA jaba viparIta arthAt prazuddha rUpa avasthA kI kalpanA hame sasAra zabhopayoga pariNita se pariNata hotA hai taba viruddha kraayegii| tAtparya aisA hai ki milApa kA nAma saMsAra (bAghaka) zakti ke udaya me kathacin viruddha kAryakArI aura pRthaktva kA nAma mokSa hai| cAritra ke kAraNa svarga sukha ke badhana ko vaise hI prApta jaba hama sasAra me he aura saMsAra vyavahAra me pAye hotA hai jaise agni se tapta dhRta se snAna karane para puruSa binA hama isa saMsAra me sukhI nahIM raha sakate, taba yaha prAvausake dAha se dukhI hotA hai; arthAt isake savaranirjarA ke zyaka hai ki hama apane sasAra-vyavahAra ko sahI banAne kA virodhI prAthava pIra bandha hote hai / ata: jJAnI jIvoM ko prayatna kareM / jaba hama para ke sukha-dukha, hAni-lAbha, jIvanamAtra zuddhopayoga (prAtmarUpa) upAdeya aura zubha upayoga maraNa kA dhyAna nahIM rakhate taba hame bhI adhikAra nahIM ki - isI prasaMga me zrI jayasenAcArya kA abhimata bhI apane sukhaduHkha, hAni-lAbha, jIvana-maraNa kA dhyAna rakhane dekhie kI dUsaro se apekSA kreN| ___..yadA zubhopayogarUpasarAgacAritreNa pariNa- svabhAvataH hI prANI me cAra sajJAye pAI jAtI hai| mati tadA pUrvamanAkulatvalakSaNapAramArthika sukhaviparItamA- inheM pUrva janma ke saMskAra kaho, yA jIva kA apanA mohakulotpAdaka svargasukhaM labhate / pazcAta paramasamAdhisAmagrI prajJAna kaho, inase sabhI samArI prANI baddha hai, cAhe ve sadbhAve mokSa ca labhate iti sUtrArtha. heya. / manuSya hoM yA tiryaca / choTe se choTA aura bar3e se bar3A arthAt jaba zubha yoga rUpa sarAga cAritra meM pariNamana jIva AhAra karatA hai yahAM taka ki dRSTavya bhautika karatA hai taba apUrva aura anAkulatA lakSaNa pAramArthika zarIra chor3ane (marane) para, jaba yaha jIva janmAtara me sukha ke sthAna para usase viparIta arthAt mAkulatA ko navIna zarIra ko dhAraNa karane jAtA hai, taba bhI ise utpanna karane vAle svarga sukha ko prApta karatA hai| bAda meM adhika se adhika tIna samaya taka nirAhArI rahane kA parama samAdhi sAmagrI ke sadbhAva me mokSa bhI prApta karatA adhikAra hai, anyathA sarvakAla aura saba-sthitiyoM me hai / bhAva aisA hai ki ise zubha se prAtma-lAbha trikAla me isakA pAhAra se chuTakArA nhii| zeSa tIna sajJAyeM isI bhI nahI honA / kyoMki isa prakAra ke zubha to ye anAdi pAhAra para avalambita hai|

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148, varSa 29, ki0 4 anekAnta loka meM (sthala rIti se) mukha dvArA anna-pAna, upasthita karatA hai-usake sAdhanabhUta prANoM kA nAza khAdya-prakhAdya kA grahaNa karanA 'pAhAra' rUr3hi meM pracalita karatA hai to aisA samajhanA cAhie ki vaha usake sAMsA. ho gayA hai| parantu vAstava meM yadi hama pAhAra ko pari- rika rUga ko dUkhI banAne kA prayatna karatA hai| aise bhASA kareM to aisA kaha sakate haiM ki una saba padArtho anadhikAra ko prayatna loka meM hiMsA nAma diyA gayA hai kA, jo isa 'sva'-jIva se 'para' hai, grahaNa karanA pAhAra paura vivakSA bheda se isake anekoM bheda ho jAte haiN| pAhAra kI vyAkhyA ke prasaMga meM eka sthAna para isI saMsArI jIva pAhAra para prAdhita hai| yadi pAhAra lakSaNa ko anusaraNa karane vAlA ullekha milatA hai| vahA~ nahI to usakA saMsAra bhI nhii| yaha mAhAra vibhinna rUpoM kahA gayA hai-'praudArika, vaikriyika, mAhAraka tIna zarIra kA hai, ataH isake grahaNa karane ke sAdhana bhI vibhinna hai tathA chaha paryAptiyoM ke yogya pudgaloM ke grahaNa karane ko paura ve haiM -- indriyAM (sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu pora pAhAra kahate hai|' Upara ginAye gaye daza prANa ukta karNa), manobala, vacanabana, kAyabala, prAyu aura zvAsoccha- mAhAra-prahaNa meM kAraNa hai / ataH ukta daza prANoM kA haraNa vAsa / isa prakAra ye daza prANa kahalAte hai / kyoMki jIva karanA loka meM hiMsA kahalAtA hai / jaina dharma ne isa prakAra ko saMsAra-dhAraNa meM kAraNa ye hI hai / inake dvArA jIva kI hiMsA ke tyAga kA upadeza diyA hai| apane yogya pAhAra (vargaNAoM) kA grahaNa karatA hai aura yadyapi sAdhAraNatayA bhAratIya-saskRti aura prAcAra jItA hai| ataH jIvana ke kAraNa-bhUta pAhAra grahaNa karAne me sarvatra hI hisA ko sparza kiyA gayA gayA hai tathApi vAle ina sAdhanoM se kisI jIvadhArI ko vaMcita karanA isame avagAhana karane vAle anekoM RSi, maharSi ahiMsA ke hisA kahalAtA hai, kyoMki AhAra saMsArI jIva kI sthUla praza ko bhI sparza nahI kara pAye hai| yadA-kadA to svAbhAvikI pravRtti hai| isake binA vaha jIvita nahIM raha unakI dRSTi, svArthaparaka hone ke kAraNa, hisA me hI ahiMsA sktaa| kI mAnyatA karane ko vAdhya ho, viparIta mArga kA anu___ jIva ke dvArA anubhava kiye jAne vAle aise sasArI saraNa kara gaI hai| yAjJikI himA hiMsA na bhavati' jaise sukha-dukha bhI jinakA saMbaMdha sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa, zabda, siddhAntoM kI upaja nijI svArtha --svarga-sukha kI kAmanA cintana, prAyu aura zvAsa se hai, eka prakAra ke AhAra nahIM, to aura kyA hai ? yaha satya hai ki prANI svArtha hI haiM, kyoki ye jIva kI svAbhAvika zuddha caitanya rUpa meM lIna hokara dUsaro ke sukha-dukha kA dhyAna nahIM rakhatA, pariNati se bhinna hai aura jIva inakA pAhAra- haraNa, athavA apane svArthoM ke sanmukha hone para vAstavikatA se indriya, mana, zvAsocchavAsa Adi ke dvArA karatA hai, apanI daSTi haTA letA hai; anyathA 'ahimA bhUtAnAM jagati aura para ko grahaNa karanA hI pAhAra hai| kahA bhI hai - griditaM brahmaparama' jaise vizada aura nirmala tathya mAnane se pA-samantAt haraNaM, aahaarH| arthAt saMsAra me aneko kauna inkAra kara sakatA hai ? prakAra kI vargaNAeM bharI huI hai| prAkAza me koI eka pAhAra ke bhedoM ke sambandha meM ullekha milatA haipradeza bhI aisA nahI, jo ina vargaNAmoM se zUnya ho| jaba 'Nokamma kammahAro kavalAhAro ya leppmaahaaro| yaha jIva vibhinna prakAra kI ina vargaNAoM me se proja maNo vi ya kamaso mAhAro chaviho yo|" apane saMsArAnukala kinhI sva-vijAtIya vargaNAmo ko -nokarma pAhAra, karma pAhAra, kavalAhAra, lepAhAra, grahaNa karatA hai taba kahane meM AtA hai ki jIva ne pAhAra projAhAra aura manasAhAra / grahaNa kiyA / aise jIva ke prAhAra meM bAdhA dene kI kriyA 1. nokarma AhAra-no karma vargaNAoM ko grahaNa krnaa| hiMsA hai, kyoMki pAhAra kI kamI me usakA vartamAna 2. karmAhAra-karma vargaNAmo ko grahaNa krnaa| sAmAnya saMsArI jIvana sandeha me par3a jAtA hai / 3. kavalAhAra-mukha dvArA pudgala vargaNAmoM ko grahaNa yadi koI jIva kisI anya jIva ke AhAra meM bAdhA krnaa| (kramazaH)

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giranAra ko aitihAsikatA 0 zrI kundanalAla jaina, dillI giranAra jI jainiyoM kA prasiddha tIrthasthala hai / yahA mahArAja jayasiMha siddharAja ke jo saM0 1190 meM se 23veM tIrthakara bhagavAna neminAtha ne nirvANa prApta kiyA rAjyAsIna hue the 'daNDanAyaka khaMgAra sAjana ne yahA thaa| kucha aura RSi maniyoM ne yahAM ghora tapasyA kara ke nemi prabhu ke maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA tathA samrATa mukti prApta kI, ataH yaha siddhakSetra bhI kahalAtA hai| kumArapAla ke, jisane saM0 1206 me ajayameru para AkramaNa giranAra jI bhArata ke pazcima me kAThiyAvAr3a prAnta meM kiyA thA aura saM0 1226 me jo svargavAsI hae the daNDasthita hai jo pahale soraTha pradeza kahalAtA thA / itihAsa nAyaka kI mAtA ne sa0 1242 meM isa kSetra kI sIr3hiyoM meM giranAra raivataka parvata, urjayanta giri, revantagiri kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura vAstupAla ne prAdi prabha prAdi nAmoM se vikhyAta hai| RSabha deva kA maMdira bhI banavAyA thaa| yo to prAkRtika sampadA ke rUpa meM giranAra ko kahate hai ki inhI dinoM kAzmIra se ajita aura prAcInatA hajAro-lAkhoM varSa purAnI hai, para nemi prabhu ke ratna nAmaka do sadhAdhipati nemi prabhu ko baMdanAhetu giranAra nirvANa ke kAraNa isakI aitihAsikatA lagabhaga tIsa padhAre the| unhoMne jaba mUrti kA abhiSeka kiyA to vaha hajAra varSa prAcIna to sunizcita hI hai| turanta hI gala gii| isase donoM vyakti prAntarika vedanA nemi prabhu aba kevala paurANika kathA nAyaka hI nahIM evaM prAtmaglAni se pIr3ita ho uThe aura unhoMne prAyaraha gae haiM apitu prAcIna aitihAsika tathyoM aura zodhoM zcitasvarUpa anta jala kA parityAga kara AmaraNa anazana ke prAdhAra para ve bhI bha. mahAvIra aura buddha kI bhAMti vrata dhAraNa kara liyaa| unakI isa ghanaghora tapasyA ke eka sunizcita evaM prAmANika itihAsa puruSa siddha ho jaba 21 dina bIta gae to ambikA devI ne unhe darzana gae hai / ata: nemi prabhu ke sAtha giranAra kSetra kI aiti- die aura unase nemi prabhu kI maNimaya pratimA grahaNa karane hAsikatA evaM prAmANikatA suspaSTa aura sunizcita hai| kA anurodha kiyaa| dono saghAdhipatiyo ne prasannatA ___ hAla hI meM nAgendra gacchIya vijayasena sUri (samvat pUrvaka devI pradatta pratimA svIkAra kI aura use yathA1287) kRta revantagiri rAsa nAmaka racanA dekhane ko sthAna pratiSThita kara svadeza lauTa gae / milii| isa racanA se giranAra jI para sIr3hiyoM uparyukta ghaTanA se prAzcarya hotA hai ki praba se hajAra kA nirmANa, maMdiroM kI racanA tathA unake varSa pUrva jabaki yAtAyAta ke sAdhanoM kA sarvathA abhAva thA, jIrNoddhAra sambandhI kucha mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika tathyoM kA loga kAzmIra jaise dUra-darAja pradeza se bhI giranArajI kI udghATana hotA hai| yAtrA karane pAyA karate the| itanA adhika AkarSaNa thA gira. cAlukya rAja mahArAja jayasiMha siddharAja tathA unake nAra jI ke prati / giranAra (raivataka) ke prAkRtika saundarya uttarAdhikArI samrAT kumArapAla ke samaya meM giranArajI kA varNana saMskRta ke vikhyAta kavi mAgha ne apane 'zizupAla ke vikAsa meM bar3e-bar3e kA yahue the| poravAr3a-baMzI prAsA- vadha' nAmaka kAvya meM bhI bar3I rocakatApUrvaka kiyA hai| rAja ke putra vAstupAla tejapAla ne yahAM parvata kI tlhttii| isa taraha giranAra prAkRtika dRSTi se jitanA mahatvapUrNa hai meM tejalapura nagara basAyA thaa| ye vahI vAstupAla tejapAla utanA hI dhArmika dRSTi se atyadhika pUjanIya evaM prAdarapratIta hote hai jinhone dailavArA (pAbU) kA prAdinAtha NIya hai aura aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi meM yaha atyadhika jinamaMdira banavAyA thA jo apanI kalAtmaka vibhUti ke abhinandana evaM gaurava kA kendra hai| lie jagatprasiddha hai|

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uparyukta devaMtagiri rAsa isa prakAra haiM: revaMtagiri rAsa nAgendra gacchIya vijayasena sUrikRta (saM0 1287) prathama kar3avam vAsaMtI voriNi viraha vaMsiyAli vaNa vaMga // 17 // paramesara titthe saraha paya paMkaya paNamevi / sIsami sivali sirasa sabhi siMdha vAri sirkhNdd| bhaNi surAsu revata gire aMbika divi sumarevi // 6 // sarala sAra sAhAra saya sAgusigu (?) siNavaDa // 18 // gAmAgara puravaNa gahaNa sari saravari supesu|| pallava phulla phalullasiya rehai tAhi (?) vnnraai| devabhUmi disi pacchimaha maNaharu soraTha desu // 2 // hiujjila tali dhammiyaha ulaTu aMga na maai|| 16 // jiNu (jaNu) tahi maMDala maMDaNau maragaya mauDa mahaMtu / bolAbI saMghahataNIya kAlameghantara paMthi (?) / nimmala sAmala sihara bhare rehai giri revaMtu // 3 melhaviya (?) tahi didhaNIya vastupAla varamaMti // 20 // tasusiri sAmiu sAmalau sohaga sundara sAha / dvitIyam kaDavam jAiya nimmala kula tilau nivasai nemi kumAra // 4 // duhavihi gujjara dese riurAya vihaMDaNu // tasu muha vasaNa dae disi videsa desaMtaha saMgha // 5 // kumArapAla bhUpAla jiNa sAsaNa maMDaNu / mAvaha aba rasAla bhaNa, uTTali (?) raMga taraga / teNa maMThAvimosuraTha daMDAhiyo aMba prosire sirimAla porapADa kula maDaNau naMdaNu AsArAya / kula sNbhvo| vastupAla varamaMti tahi tejapAla dui bhAya // 6 // pAja suvisAla tiNi naThiya aMtare dhavala puNuparava marAviya // gurajaradhara dhuri dhavalaki vIradhavaladeva rAji / dhanu suSavalaha bhIDa jiNi pAga payAsiya / vihu vaMdhavi avayAriU surAyu dUsama mAjhi // 7 // vAra visotara barase jasu jasidisi vAsiya / / nAyala gacchaha maDaNau vijaya seNa sUrirAU / jima jima car3hai taDi kaDaNi giranAraha / uvaesihi vihunara pavare dhammi dhariu viTu bhAvu // // tima tima UDai jaNa bhavaNa satAraha / / tejapAla giranAra tale tejalapuru niyanAbhi / jima jima se ujalu aggi pAlATa eN| kAriu gar3ha gaDhapava pavaru maNaharu dhari pArAmi / tima tima kalimalu sayala proTTaha e| tahi puri sohiu pAsa jiNu prAsArAya vihAru / / 6 // jima jima vAyaha vAUM tahi nijhara sIyalu / nimmiu nAmihi nija jaNaNi kumara sarovara kAra / / 10 // tima tima bhava duha dAho tarakaNi tuTTai niccalu / / tahi nayaraha pUraba disihi ugraseNa gar3ha dugg| koila kalayalo mora kekAkho sumae mahayaru maharu guNjaakho| mAdi jiNaMsara pamuha jiNa madiri bhariu samaggu // 11 // pAjacaMDataha sAvayAloyaNI lAkhArAma (?) disi dosae vAhirigar3ha dAhiNa disihi cauriu vehi visAlu / vaahinnii| lADakalaha (?) hiya poraDiya taDi pasuThAi (?) kraalu| jalava jAla baMbAle nIjharaNiramAulu / tahi nayaraha uttara visihi sAla thaMbha saMbhAra // 12 // rehai ujjila siharu ali kajjala sAmala / / maMDaNa mAhi maMDala sayala maMDapa basaha usAra // 13 // bahala buddhadhAtu rasa bheDaNI jattha ula dalaha sovannamaha meDaNI joiu joiu bhaviya yaNa, pemi girihi duyaari| jattha dippaMti divosahI suMdarA gahiravara garuya gaMbhIra dAmodara hari pacamau suvannareha naI pAri // 14 // giri kNvraa|| praguNa aMjaNa vilIya pravAuya aMkullu / jAi ku, vihasanto jaM kusumihi saMkula / uMbaru aMbaru prAmalIya pragaru prasoya ahalla / 15 // dosaI basadisi divaso kiri tArA maMDala / / karavara karapaTa karuNatara karavaMdI krviir| miliya navalavali dala kusuma jhalahAliyA / kuDA kaDAha kayaMba kaDa karava kadala kaMpora // 16 // laliya suramahivalaya calaNa kala taaliyaa| vayala vaMjalu baDala bar3o veDasa varaNa viddNg| galiya thala kamala mayaraMda jala kolA /

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giranAra kI aitihAsikatA viDala silabaha sohaMti tahi sNmlaa| saMghAhiva saMgheNa sahiya niya maNi saMtaviu / maNahara ghaNavaNa gahaNe rasirahasiya kinraa| hA hA ghigu dhigu maha vimala kula gaMjaNa gAviu / geDa maharU gAyato siri nemi jiNesarA // 5 // sAbhiya sAmala dhIra caraNa maha saraNi bhavaMtari / jatya siri nemi jiNu pracchaya prcchraa| ibha parihari prAhAra niyama laiu saMgha dhuraMpari / asura sura uraga kiMnarayaM vijjAharA / / eka bIsi upavAsi tAsa aMbika vivi prAviya / mauDamaNi kiraNa piMjariya giri sehraa| pabhaNai sapasanna devi jaya jaya saddAviya / harasi bahu prAvaMti bahubhali bhara ninbharA / uha viNu siri nemi vivatuliu turaMtau / sAmiya nemi kumAra paya paMkaya laMbiu / pacchala mana joesi vacchatuM bhavaNi vltu| gharadhalivijiNa banna mana pUrai vaMchiu // 6 // Naivi aMbika devi kaMcaNa balANau / jobhava koDA koDDi anu sauvannu ghaNudANu jaDadijjae / sirinemi bibu maNima utahi prANaI / sevau jar3akammaghaNa gaMThi jaDa tijae / paThama bhavaNi deha lihi deu chaDi puMDi pArobiu / tau ujjita siharu pAvijjae / saMghA vihi hariseNa tama disi pacchala joiu / jammaNu jova jAbiya tasi tahi kavatthU / Thiu nizcala behalihi deva siri nema kumaaro| jenara ujjita siharu pekkhai vara tithya / / kusama buddhi milhevi devi kiu jai jai kaaro| prAsi gurajara gharaya jeNa amaresaru / vAsAhi puMnimaha navatiNa jiNu thappiu / siri jayasiMdha deu pavara puhavI saru / pacchima disi nimmaviu bhavaNa bhava duha taru kapiu / haNaki soraThu tiNi rADa khaMgArau viu sAjaNa ubaMDAhi nhavaNa vilavaNa taNIyavaMcha bhaviyaNa jaNapariya / va saari| saMghAhivi siri ajitu ratana niya desi parAiya / ahiNavu nemi jiNiva tiNa bhavaNa karAviu / sayala vipati kali kAli kAla kalame jANavichAhiu / nimmala caMdaru bibe niya nAUM lihaaviu|| 8 // bhalahalati maNi viba kali abi kuru prAya / thora virakaMbha vAyabharamAulaM laliya pubhAliya samaddavijaya sivadevi putra jAyava kula mAuNu jarAsiMgha dala / klsnumkul| malaNa mayaNa bhaMDa mANa vihANu / maMDapu vaMDa dhaku tuMgatara toraNaM / rAha mai bhaNa haraNu ramaNu siva ramaNi maNmeharu / dhavaliya vajjhi ruNa jhaNiri kikaNi ghaNaM / punnavaMtapaNa maMti nemi jiNu sohaga suMdaru / ikkArasama sahIu paMcAsIya vacchari / nemi muyaNu uddhariu sAjaNi nara sehari // 6 / / vastupAla varamati bhUyaNu kAriu risa he saru / aTThAvaya saMmeya sihara vara maMDapu maNaharu / mAlava maMDale guhaguha maMDaNu bhAvau sAhu dAlighu khNddnnu| kauDi jakkhu (raku) maradevi duha vituMgu pAsAiu / mAmalasAra sovannu tiNi kAriu / dhammiya siru dhuNaMti deva bAlavi paloiu / kiri gamaNagaNa sUru avayAriu / tejapAli nimmaviu tattha tihavaNa jaNu rajaNu / avara sihara varaNakalasa jhalahalaha manohara / kalyANau tautuMga bhayaNa laghiu gayaNaMgayu / nemi mayaNa tigi vidui duha galai niraMtara // 10 // dosai disi disi kuMDi Di nojharaNa umaalo| tRtIya kaDavam indra maMDapa depAli matri uddhariu visaalo| disi uttara kasamIra desu nemihi ujhihiya / maha rAva ga gaya rAya pAya muddA samaTa kiu / ajiu ratana dui baMdhu garuya saMghAhiba prAviya / bicha gayaMda mukuMDa vimala nijhara samalaMkiu / harasavasiNa ghaNa kalasa bharivi tihanhavaNu karaMtaha / gauNa gaga jayasala tittha avamAra, bhaNijjai / galiu levama nemi bibu jaladhAra paDataha / pakkhA livi tahi aMga Dukkha jala ajali dijji|

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152, varSa 26, ki0 4 anekAnta siMduvAra maMdAra kuravA kaMdihi suMdaru / pavale Saya camara siMgAra prAratti maMgala paIva / jAijaha sayavanni vinni pulehi niraMtara / tilava maU kuMDalahAra meghAuMbara jAviye e||10|| viTThaya chatra sila kaDa gi abavaNi saha sArAmu / vihiM nara jo pavara candrIya nemi jiNesariyara bhybhi| nemi jiNesara vikkha nANa nibvANa haThAyu / iha bhavie bhujavi bhoya so titthe sara siri lahaie // 11" caturtha kaDavam cahu vihae saMghu karei jo prAvaha ujjita giri / giri! gaha pA(e) sihari caDevi aba javAhi bbaaliue| vivisavaha rAgukare so maMcai caugahe gayaNi / / 12 / / saMmiNi Nie avi devi deula kaDu rammAulae // 1 // prahabihaejjaya karati prahAI jo tahi karai e / vajjada etAla kaMsAla vajjai madala guhira sara / bhaTTa vihae karama haNaMti so prabhAva sijjhaai||13 / / raMgihi naccai bAla perivavi aMbika muhakamala / / 2 / / aMbila ejo upavAsa egAsaNa nIvI karaI e| sumakaru eka Thaviu uchagi vimakaro naMdaNa paasike| tasumaNie pracchaha mAsa iha bhava parabhava vihava pare // 14 / / sohai eUjili sigi sAmiNisIha siSAsaNIe // 3 // pemihi muni pratrahadANu dhammiyabacchalukaraI e| dAvaha e dukkhahaM magu purahae vaMchiu bhaviya jaNa / tasu kahI nahIM upamANu parabhAti saraNa tiNau / / 15 / / rakkhaie uvihu saMgha sAmiNi sIha sissaasnniie||4|| prAvada e jena ujjitighara gharaha dhNdholiyaae| dasa visi e nemi kumAri prArohI avaloi pddNe| prAvihIe hIyai na saMtiniphphala jiiviusaastnnuu||16|| bIjai etahi girinAri gayaNAMgaNu avaloNa siharo // 5 // jIviu e soji paraghannu tAsu samacchara nicchaNu e| pahilai e sAMva kumAra vIjA sihari pajjUna punn| soparie mAsu paridhannu valihIjai nahi vAsara e||17|| paNabhaI e pAmahaM pAra bhaviyaNa bhosaNabhava bhamaNa // 6 // ja(ji) hI jiNue ujjilaThAmi sohaga suMdara sAmalu e| ThAmihi e ThAmi rayaNa sovanna bibajiNesuratahi tthviy| dosai e tihuvaNa sAminayaNa salaNaUM nemijiNa // 18 // paNabhai e te nara dhanna jena kalikAli mala bhayaliyae // 7 // nojharaNa e camara DhulaMti meghADaMbara sirI dhroii| jaM phakhu e sihara sabheya aDhAvaya naMdo sarihi / tityaha e sau revado siMhAsaNi jayai nemi jiNa // 16 / taM phalu e bhavi pAmeiM poveviNa revaMta siharo // 8 // raMgihi e ramai jo rAsu (sirivijayaseNa sUri nimvije|' gahagaNa emAhi jima bhANu panvaya mAhi jima merugiri| nemijiNutUsaha tAsu prabika pUraha maNiralIe / / 20 // tribhavaNe teya pahANa titthaM mAhi revaMtagiri / / 6 / / || samattarevatagiri raasu|| (pR0 153 kA zeSAza) pATha ke mUlabhUta arahaMta, siddha, sAdhu aura dharma ke vizeSa 'svastika' nAma meM milatA hai, kyoki yaha pahale hI kahA guNa par3hane par3ate hai / yathA jA cakA hai ki 'svasti evaM svastikam' meM Upara ke 'svasti' trinokaguruve jinapuMgavAya, varNana meM hameM deva (arahaMta-siddha) aura dharma (bodha) kI svasti svabhAvamahimodayasusthitAya / spaSTa jhalaka mila rahI hai aura inako maMgala kahA gayA svasti prakAzasahajIjitadRGmayAya, hai; tathA 'svasti' aura svastika donoM kA artha maMgala hai| svasti prasannalalitAdbhUtavaibhavAya / / prAge calakara isI pUjA prasaMga me hama sAdhuoM kI 'svastisvastyuchalavimalabodhasudhAplavAya, rUpatA' unakI RddhiyoM ke varNana meM par3hate hai| arahaMta rUpa svasti svabhAvaparabhAvavibhAsakAya / meM tIrthakaroM kI 'svasti'-rUpatA par3hane ko milatI hai| svasti trilokavitatakacidUdgamAya, prarahaMta aura sAdhuo ke lie nimna 'svasti' vidhAna haisvasti trikAlasakalAyatavistRtAya // ' parahaMta svstiityaadi| zrI vRSabho na: svasti, svati zrI ajitaH / ukta prasaMga meM hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki ina zrI saMbhavaH svasti, svasti zrI abhinaMdanaH // sabhI zlokoM meM grahIta pada 'svasti' hI hai, jo hameM ityAdi / - kramazaH

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svastika rahasya 0 zrI padmacanda zAstrI, ema. e. prAstika bhAratIyo meM, cAhe ve vaidika matAvalambI par3hatA hai / mantra isa prakAra haihoM yA manAtana jaina matAvalambI, brAhmaNa, vaizya aura zUdra 'Namo ahaMtANa Namo siddhANaM Namo pAiriyANaM / sabhI kI mAMgalika kriyAoM meM (jaise vivAha Adi SoDaza Namo uvajjhAyANa Namo loe savva sAhUNa // ' saMskAra, cUlhA-cakkI sthApanA, dukAnadAroM ke khAtA-bahI, parahanto ko namaskAra, siddhoM ko namaskAra, prAcAryoM tarAjU-bAMTa ke mahUrta meM) tIna paripATiyAM mukhya rUpa se ko namaskAra, upAdhyAyoM ko namaskAra aura loka meM sarva dekhane ko milatI hai| kucha loga 'OM' likhakara kArya prArambha saayo| __sAdhugro (zravaNa jaina) muniyoM ko namaskAra / karate hai aura kucha svAstika aMkita kara kArya kA zrI OM meM parameSThI gaNeza karate hai| isake sivAya kucha loga aise bhI hai, jo ___ yadi ukta mantra ko sarvaguNa sampanna rakhate hue, ekAdonoM ko prayoga meM lAte hai / ve 'OM' bhI likhate hai aura svastika bhI akita karate hai| grAmINa anapar3ha striyAM bhI kSara me uccAraNa karanA ho to 'OM' mAtra kaha dene se nirvAha ho jAtA hai, kyoMki 'OM' ko zAstroM meM bIjAkSara ina vidhiyo ko sAdara apanAtI hai / jainiyoM ke prAgamo meM 'OM' aura 'svastika' ko pramukha sthAna diyA gayA hai| mAnA gayA hai| jisa prakAra choTe se bIja me vRkSarUpa vedoM me bhI U~kAra ko 'praNava' mAnA gayA hai, aura pratyeka hone kI sAmarthya hai, usI prakAra 'OM' me pUre NamokAra veda mantra kA uccAraNa OMkAra se prArambha hotA hai| mantra kI sAmarthya hai, kyoMki OM' meM pAMco parameSThI gabhita 'svasti' zabda bhI vedoM me aneka bAra pAtA hai jaise'svasti na indraH' ityAdi / jaba eka ora bhArata meM inakA ___ 'arahaMtA asarIrA pAiriyA taha uvajjhAyA muNiNo par3hamakkhara NippaNNo U~kAro paMcaparameSThI // " itanA pracAra hai, taba dUsarI ora jarmana deza bhI 'svastika' para se vaMcita nahI hai| vahA svastika cihna ko rAjakIya arahanta, azarIra (siddha), prAcArya, upAdhyAya aura mani, ina pAMcoM parameSThiyoM ke prathama prakSara se sampanna sanmAna milA huA hai| gaharAI se khoja kI jAya to| aMgrejo ke krAsa cihna me bhI 'svastika' kI mUlaka jhalaka 'OM' hai, aura yaha 'OM' parameSThI vAcaka hai / tathAhimila sakatI hai| sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai ki IsA kI arahanta, kA ma, zarIra (siddha) kA pra, prAcArya phA~sI ke bAda cihna kA nAmAntara yA bhAvAntara kara diyA kA prA, upAdhyAya kA u aura muni kA m / gayA ho| pra+prapA (makaH savarNa dIrghaH) + ____' ke sambandha meM vividha matAvalambI vividha prA+prA .) --- vividha vicAra prastuta karate hai aura vicAra prasiddha bhI hai pA+u-pro (grAdguNaH) yathA '3' paramAtmA vAcaka hai, 'maMgala svarUpa hai' ityAdi / pro+mprom anusvArayukta rUpa=OM jainiyoM kI dRSTi se 'OM' paMcaparameSThI vAcaka eka laghu paMca parameSThiyoM ke AdyakSaroM se niSpanna 'OM' kI saMketa hai| ise paMcaparameSThI kA pratinidhitva prApta hai| mahimA isa prakAra nirdiSTa haivaha isa prakAra jina zAsana me NamokAra mantra kI apAra U~kAraM bindusaMyukta nityaM dhyAyanti yogina : / mahimA hai| pratyeka jaina, cAhe vaha kisI pantha kA ho, kAmadaM mokSadaM caiva OMkArAya namo nama : / / himAlaya se kanyAkumArI taka isa mantra ko eka svara se bindu sahita UMkAra kA yogIjana nitya dhyAna karate

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154, varSa 26, ki0 4 pranekAMta haiM / yaha OMkAra icchita padArtha dAtA aura mokSa pradAtA hai| me banA hai, yathA-- mu+asti-svasti / isameM 'ikoyausa U~kAra ko namaskAra ho| ___Naci' sUtra se ikAra ke sthAna meM vakAra huA hai| upaniSadkAra ke zabdo meM- OMkAre paramAtmapratIke bahuta se loga 'asti' ko triyApada mAnakara usakA dar3hAmakAmyUlakSaNAM mati santanuyAta chAMdogyopanipad thAMkara hai' yA 'ho' artha karate haiM, jo ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki yahAM bhASya / ' 11, 1 / ise 'praNava' nAma se bhI sambodhita 'asti' pada kriyArUpa meM nahI hai, apitu tinata pratirUpaka kiyA jAtA hai, kyoki yaha kabhI bhI jIrNa nahIM hotaa| avyaya' hai| jaise ki 'astikSIrA' meM tinata pratirUpaka isameM pratikSaNa navInatA kA saMcAra hotA hai aura yaha adhyaya' hai| vaise 'svasti' meM bhI 'asti' ko avyaya prANoM ko pavitra aura saMtuSTa karatA hai| 'prANAn sarvAn mAnA gayA hai, aura 'svasti' pravyaya pada kA artha paramAtma nipraNAmayatItyetasmAt praNavaH / ' kalyANa, magala, zubha prAdi ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| __ Upara kahe gaye NamokAra mantra kI maMgala-rUpatA mantra prakRta meM uccarita 'svastika' zabda bhI isI 'svasti' ke sAtha par3he jAne vAle mAhAtmya se nivivAda siddha hotI kA vAcaka hai / jaba 'svasti' pratyaya se svArtha me 'ka' pratyaya hai| prAgamoM me pratya aneko mantroM kI magalarUpatA prApta ho jAtA hai, taba yahI 'svasti' prakRta meM 'svastika' nAma hai, para mukhyata: do hI prasaga aise pAte hai, jinameM maMgala pA jAtA hai / parantu artha meM koI bheda nahIM hotaa| 'svasti zabda kA spaSTataH ullekha hai-'NamokAra mantra' aura evaM svastika' kI isa vyutpatti ke anusAra, jo 'svasti' hai 'maMgalottamazaraNapATha / ' NamokAra mantra ke sabandha me kahA vahI 'svastika' hai aura jo 'svastika' hai vahI 'svasti' hai| gayA hai ukta prasaMga se aisA phalita huaA ki sabhI 'svasti' 'svastika' hai aura sabhI 'svastika' 'svasti' hai, arthAt 'emo paMca NamoyAro sambapAvappaNAsaNo / 'svasti' aura 'svastika' me koI bheda nahIM hai| yataHmaMgalANa ca savvesi par3hama havai maMgala // ' 'svanti evaM svsti| yaha paca namaskAra sarva pApo ko nAza karane vAlA paura sarva magalo meM prathama magala hai| prAkRta bhASA meM 'svasti' yA 'svastika' ke vibhinna rUpa milate hai / jina rUpo kA prayoga maMgala, kSema, kalyANa ukta vivaraNa ke prakAza me, maMgala kAryoM meM 'OM' kA jaise prazasta artho me kiyA gayA hai, uname kucha isa prakAra prayoga kiyA jAnA spaSTata. parilakSita hotA hai, jo ucita ho hai / para 'svastika' ke sabandha meM abhI taka nirNaya nahI ho pAyA hai| koI ise caturgati bhramaNa aura (1) satthi (svasti) 'sasthi kareI kavilo' / mukti kA pratIka mAnatA calA pA rahA hai to koI brAhmI --paumacariu, 35162. lipi ke 'R' varNa ke samAkAra mAnakara ise RSabhadeva kA (2) satthi (svasti kSema, kalyANa, maMgala, puNya pratIka siddha karane ke prayanna me hai| mata aisA bhI hai ki __ Adi), hai 0 2 / 45, sa0 21 / yaha 'sasthApaka' ke bhAva me hai| tAtparya yaha ki abhI koI Hom naI (3) satthiA (svastika) prazna vyAkaraNa, pR068, niSkarSa nahI mila rahA hai| ata usakI vAstavikatA para supAsanAha carima 52, zrA. pra. sU 27 / vicAra karanA zreyaskara hai| (4) satyika, ga (svastika) pAiya sadda mahaNNava svasti, svastika yA sAMthiyA koSa, paMcAsaka prakaraNa 4 / 23 / 'svastika' saskRta bhASA kA avyayapada hai / pANinIya (5) sotyaya (svastika) pAiya saha mahaNNava koSa, vyAkaraNa ke anusAra, ise vaiyAkaraNa kaumudI me 54 ve pacAsaka prakaraNa / krama para apavyaya padoM meM ginAyA gayA hai / yaha 'svastika' (6) sovatthima (svastika) uvavAI sUtra, jJAtR pada 'su' upasarga tathA 'masti' avyaya (krama 61) ke sayoga dharmakathA, pRSTha 54 / .

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155 ukta sabhI zabda-rUpoM meM maMgala bhAva dhvanita hai| kAmanA meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM se prArthanA karatA hai ki mahA. prataH yaha nizcaya sahaja hI ho jAtA hai ki 'svasti' aura rAja ! 'maMgalI' sunA dIjie, to ve saharSa 'cattAripATha' 'svastika' kA prayoga bhI 'OM' kI bhAMti magala nimitta dvArA use pAzIrvAda dete hai / isa maMgala pATha kA bhASAntara honA caahie| (hindI rUpa) bhI bahuta bahulatA se pracArita hai, yathAaba prazna yaha hotA hai ki jaise 'OM' ko paMca parameSThI 'arihata jaya jaya, siddha prabhu jaya jaya / kA pratinidhitva prApta hai, vaise svastika ko kisakA prati- sAdhu jIvana jaya jaya, jina dharma jaya jaya / / nidhitva prApta hai ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki:- arihaMta maMgalaM, siddha prabhu magala / jaba yaha nizcaya ho cukA ki 'svastika' nirmANa meM sAdhu jIvana maMgalaM, jina dharma magala / maMgala kAmanA nihita hai, to yaha bhI Avazyaka hai ki bharihata uttamA, siddha prabhu uttamA / isameM bhI 'OM' kI bhAMti koI magala nihita honA caahie| sAdhu jIvana uttamA, jina dharma uttamA / isakI khoja ke lie jaba hama NamokAra mantra se Age arihaMta zaraNA, siddha prabhu shrnnaa| calate hai, taba hame usI pATha paramparAgata catuHzaraNa pATha ___ sAdhu jIvana zaraNA, jina dharma zaraNA / / milatA hai aura ima pATha ko spaSTa rUpa se maMgala ghoSita ye hI cAra zaraNA, dukha dUra haranA / kiyA gayA hai, yathA --'cattArimagala' ityaadi| isa pATha ziva sukha karanA, bhavi jIva taraNA / ' ko Aja sabhI jaina AbAlavRddha par3hate hai / pUrA pATha isa ___ isa sarva prasaMga kA tAtparya aisA nikalA ki ukta bhAMti hai mUla-pATha jo prAkRta meM hai aura 'catuH maMgala' rUpa me hai, __'cattAri mNglN'| arahantA magalaM / siddhA maMgalaM, vaha maMgala, kalyANa, zAnti aura sukha ke lie par3hA jAtA sAhU magala, kevali paNNatto dhammo magalaM / hai tathA 'svasti yA svastika' (magala kAmanA) se sambacattAri loguttamA / arahantA loguttamA / siddhA dhita hai| loguttamA / sAhU loguttamA / kevali paNa to dhammo digambara mAmnAya' meM pUjA ko zrAvaka ke dainika SaTaloguttamA / karmoM meM prathama ginAyA gayA hai| vahA prathama hI devazAstracattArisaraNa pavajjAmi / arahate saraNaM pvjjaami| guru kI pUjA kI jAtI hai aura pUjA kA prArambha dono siddhe saraNa pavajjAmi / sAhasaraNaM pvjjaami| kevali (NamokAramatra aura catu zaraNa pATha) aura unake mAhAtmya paNNattaM dhamma saraNaM pavajjAmi / se hotA hai| jaise NamokAra mantra vAcana kA prathama krama hai, ukta pUrA pATha 'maMgalottamazaraNa' yA 'catuHzaraNa' pATha vaise usake mAhAtmya vAcana kA krama bhI prathama hai, yathAke nAma se prasiddha hai aura NamokAra mantra ke krama se usI apavitraH pavitro vA su.sthito du.sthito'pi vaa| ke bAda bolA jAtA hai| yaha magala arthAt 'svasti pATha' dhyAyet pacanamaskAra sarvapApaiH pramucyate // NamokAra mantra kI bhAti prAcInatama prAkRta bhApA me apavitraH pavitro vA sarvAvasthAGgato'pi vaa| nibaddha aura maMgala zabda ke nirdeza se yukta hai / anya sthalo ya. smaret paramAtmAna saH bAhya'bhyataraH zuciH / para hameM bahuta se anya maMgala bhI milate hai| para ve na to aparAjitamantro'ya sarvavighnavinAzanaH / pratidina niyayita rUpa se sarva sAdhAraNa meM par3he jAte hai magaleSu ca sarveSu prathamaM maMgalaM mataH / / aura na hI mUla mantra-NamokAragata paca parameSThiyo kA eso paMca NamoyAro savva pAvappaNAsaNo / bodha karAte hai| ata: 'maMgala' me cattAri-pATha kI magalANa ca savvesi, par3hama havai magalaM // pramukhatA NamokAra mantra kI bhAti sahaja siddha ho jAtI hai| isI krama me jaba hama pUjana prArambha karate hai, hame __ sthAnakavAsI saMpradAya meM 'cattArimaMgalaM' pATha 'magalI' 'magalottamazaraNa pATha kA mAhAtmya aura maMgalottamazaraNa ke nAma se bhI pranida hai| yataH jaba koI zrAvaka magala ((zeSa 10 152 vara)

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hindI ke prAdhunika jaina mahAkAvya ku0 indu rAya, ema. e., zodhachAtrA, lakhanaU bhAratavarSa kI vividha saMskRtiyoM meM avasthita hai adhikAMza jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ne sakucita pravattivaza granthoM jaina saMskRti, jisakA apanA vizeSa darzana hai, vizizTa ke mudraNa kA virodha kiyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa jaina sAhitya dRSTi hai| jaina matAvalambiyoM kI apanI pRthak prAcAra. kA apekSita pracAra evaM prasAra nahIM ho skaa| antatovicAra saMhitA hai, nijI jIvana paddhati hai| una mAcAra. gatvA 19vIM zatI ke anta tathA 20vI zatI ke prArambha vicAroM, darzana, mAdoM va mUlyoM ko abhivyakta karane meM kaI jaina tathA jainetara vidvAn 'jaina vAGmaya' ke prakAzana vAlA vAGmaya hI "jaina sAhitya ' hai| akhila bhAratIya kI ora AkRSTa hue aura taba se yaha sAhitya samasta jJAna-saMvardhana evaM sAhitya-nirmANa ke kSetra meM jaina sAhitya- vidhAnoM va kSetroM meM vipula mAtrA me prakAza me pA rahA kAroM ne prAcIna evaM arvAcIna samasta bhAratIya bhASAoM hai, racA jA rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki aba bhAratIya meM vividha viSayaka, bahuvidyAtmaka vipula sAhitya kA mRjana sAhitya kA sarvAgapUrNa itihAsa likhane vAle manISI 'jana karake bhAratI ke bhaMDAra ko susamaddha eva samalaMkRta kiyA sAhitya' kI pUrNa upekSA karane meM hicakane lage hai| vrthai| "saMskRta evaM prAkRta bhASAmo meM to agaNita jaina mAna samaya meM race jA rahe sAhitya ke itihAsa meM jaina sAhitya racA hI gayA, para mAdhunika dezI bhASAoM kI kRtiyo kA paricaya samAviSTa ho rahA hai|' jananI apabhraMza para to jaina sAhityakAro kA ekAdhikAra- jaina sAhitya atyanta vyApaka, aneka rUpAtmaka aura sA hI rahA hai / purAtana hindI bhASA meM bhI gadya evaM padya bahumukhI hai / anyAnya vidhAnoM kI bhAti jaina prabandhakAvyoM sAhitya kA bahubhAga jaina praNIta hai| parantu durbhAgyavaza (mahAkAvya tathA khaNDakAvya) ko bhI eka sudIrgha evaM bhAratIya sAhitya ke itihAsa meM jaina sAhitya kI upekSA susamRddha paramparA hai / saskRta, prAkRta tathA apabhraza vAGmaya kI jAtI rahI hai| isa upekSA kA eka pramukha kAraNa kI zrIvRddhi karane vAlI, jaina kAvyo kI paramparA, samprati svayaM jainiyoM kI dharmAndhatA va rUr3hivAditA bhI thaa| hindI bhASA meM bhI pragatimAna hai| gata sau varSoM me khar3I itihAsakAro ke anusAra, mudraNa kalA kA kArya san bolI hindI me anekAneka jaina pravandhakAvyoM kI sRSTi 868 I0 meM cIna meM prArambha huA thaa| bhAratavarSa me huI hai, jinameM ullekhanIya hai - kavi kRSNalAla viracita usakA zrIgaNeza san 1556 I0 me humA tathA devanAgarI 'viyoga mAlatI', zrI dayAcanda goyalIya kRta 'sItA lipi kA prathama lekha sana 1678 meM chApA gyaa| mudraNa caritra', kavi rAjagharalAla jaina kevalArI kRta 'vIra caritra', kA yaha kArya adyAvadhi druta vega se pravAhamAna hai|' 17vIM pannAlAla jaina viracita 'manoramA caritra' va 'bharatezvara zatI taka anekAneka jJAna-kSetroM va sAhityika vidhAoM meM kAvya', bhaMvaralAla seThI dvArA racita 'aMjanA pavanaJjaya' jaina vAGmaya kA prabhUta mAtrA meM sRjana ho cukA thA, kintu kavi maMgalasiMha racita 'tIrthakarArcana', yuvA kavi bAlacandra 1. tIrthakaro kA sarvodaya mArga-DA. jyotiprasAda jaina, pR0 56 2. prakAzita jaina sAhitya-DA. jyotiprasAda jaina, pR0 5-6 3. (ka) hindI sAhitya kI pravRttiyA~-DA. jayakizana prasAda khaNDelavAla (kha) hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa-sampAdaka DA0 nagendra (ga) hindI sAhitya (dvitIya khaNDa)-sampAdaka DA0 dhIrendra varmA mAdi

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hindI ke prAdhunika jaina mahAkAvya jaina praNIta 'rAjala', kaviratna guNabhadra pAgAsa viracita nahIM raha pAI hai, sthala-sthala para kavi kA brAhmaNatva 'rAma vanavAsa', 'pradyamnacaritra' tathA 'kUmArI anantamatI', kAvyAvaraNa se bAhara jhalakane lagA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kavivara dhanyakumAra sudheza kRta 'virAga' aura 'parama jyoti ke sampUrNa jIvana kI pramukha kathA 'aghAravya lahidapa-mardana', mahAvIra', kavi nAthalAla trivedI kA 'mahAvIra caritrAmRta', 'candanA-uddhAra' tathA 'anaMga-parIkSA' prAdi gauNa prakaraNa mahAkavi anapa zarmA praNIta 'varddhamAna', rAjasthAnI kavi suSTha rUpa se suniyojita hai| mUladAsa mohanadAsa nImAvata kRta 'vIrAyaNa', zrI yati zilpa sauSThava evaM kAdhyagata utkRSTatA kI dRSTi se motI haMsa jI kRta 'tIrthakara zrI varddhamAna'. kavivara vIrendra- 'varddhamAna' eka saphala mahAkAvya hai| mahAkavi ne kevala prasAda jaina viracita 'tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra' aura cAra prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| 1997 chanda 'pArzva prabhAkara', zrI motIlAla 'mArtaNDa' RSabha praNIta saMyuta prastuta mahAkAvya meM 1922 vaMzastha, 70 drutavila'zrI RSabha caritra sAra', gujarAtI kavi hIrAcanda jhaverI mbita, 3 zArdUlavikrIDita tathA 2 mAlinI chanda haiN| kRta 'tribhuvana tilaka', zrI gaNeza mani kA 'vizva jyoti hindI meM itane adhika vazastha chando kA prayoga aura mahAvIra', mahAkavi raghavIra zaraNa 'mitra' viracita 'vIrA- kisI kAvyakAra ne eka kRti me nahI kiyA hai| kAvya yana' tathA DA0 chala bihArI gapta praNIta 'tIrthakara mahA- kI bhASA prAdyopAMta prAMjala va saskRtaniSTha hai| pratyadhika vIra' / uparyukta prabandha kAvyoM meM se bIsavI zatAbdI meM motI jAtI sAmAsika padAvalI ke prayoga se kAvyArtha meM dulahatA mA race gaye hindI ke pramakha jaina mahAkAvyo kA sakSipta gaI haiM, kathA pravAha bhI sthAna-sthAna para avaruddha ho gayA vivaraNa agrima paMktiyoM meM diyA gayA hai / hai| zRgAra eva zAta rasa pradhAna isa mahAkAvya me anya prAdhunika yuga me khar3I bolI hindI me, sarvaprathama sabhI rasoM kA bhI prasaMgAnukUla paripAka humA hai| jaina mahAkAvya praNayana kA zreya jainetara kavi paNDita anUpa mahAkavi anUpa ke uparyukta mahAkAvya ke uparAMta zarmA ko prApta hai| mahAkavi anapa praNIta mahAkAvya san 1954 I0 me kavi dhanyakumAra 'sudheza' ne 'parama "varddhamAna" vIra zAsana jayantI, zrAvaNa kRSNa eka, vIra hI jyoti mahAvIra' nAmaka mahAkAvya kA sRjana prArambha nirvANa savat 2477 (jalAI san 1951) ko bhAratIya kiyA, parantu kAvya ka kiyA, parantu kAvya kI samApti va prakAzana se pUrva san jJAnapITha prakAzana, banArasa se madrita hayA thaa| samprati 1956 meM kavi varindraprasAda jaina praNIta bhanAkAvya yaha mahAkAvya bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, kanATa plesa, naI "tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAbIra" prakAzita ho gayA thaa| 6 dillI se prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| 17 sargoM meM nibaddha varSa ke antarAla para, yatkicit parivarddhana ke sAtha san mahAkAThA ke kala 161 chandoM meM jaina tIrthakara 1965 meM 'tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra' mahAkAbya kA paramparA ke antima prathAMta 24veM tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra, dvitIya saMskaraNa 'dhI akhila vizva jaina mizana, malIgaMja ke jinakA eka nAma varddhamAna bhI hai, pUrva bhavoM se lekara se prasArita huaa| prastuta mahAkAvya meM kula 7 sarga hai nirvANa paryanta taka ke jIvana ko kAvyAtmaka rUpa meM anu- jinakA nAmakaraNa kramaza:-pUrvAbhAsa, janma mahotsava, syUta kiyA gayA hai| mahAkAvyakAra ne bhagavAna vardhamAna zizuvaya, kizoravaya, taruNAI evaM virAga, abhiniSkramaNa ke itivRtta citraNa me digambara eva zvetAmbara mAnyatAmoM evaM tapa, tathA nirvANa evaM vandanA-rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| me samanvaya sthApana kA prayAsa kiyA hai|' samanvayavAdI sarga zIrSakoM se hI tadantargata nihita kathya kA mAbhAsa dRSTikoNa apanAne ke anantara bhI jaina mAnyatAyeM prakSaNNa mila jAtA hai| mahAkAvyakAra ne loka rajaka bhagavAna 1. ' .. kavi na digambara aura zvetAmbara mAmnAya me hI nahI, jaina dharma aura brAhmaNa dharma meM bhI sAmaMjasya biThAne kA prayatna kiyA hai|" --"varddhamAna" kA 'prAmukha'-lekhaka lakSmIcandra jaina, pR0 17 1. anUpa zarmA : kRtiyA~ aura kalA-sampAdaka DA0 premanArAyaNa TaNDana, pR0 208

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158, varSa 26, ki04 anekAnta mahAvIra ke pAvana caritra kA sarala, prADambara-rahita, sarasa kAvya ko alaMkRta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai|" bhASA meM manogrAhI citraNa kiyA hai| bivecya mahAkAvya kathA vastu kI dRSTi se 'parama jyoti mahAvIra' meM meM chanda saMkhyAbaddha nahIM haiM, kintu mahAkAvyakAra ke zabdoM apane pUrvaracita mahAkAvyoM se pRthakatA isa bAta meM hai ki meM-... vAstava meM yaha bhakti kI zakti hI hai jisane kevala isa kRti meM sanmati bhagavAna ke 41 cAturmAsoM va mujhase mere prArAdhya ke prati 1111 chanda likhavA lie|" sAdhanAkAla kA vizada varNana kara nAyaka ke jIvanavRtta ko mahAkAvya ke paramparAgata lakSaNa kA anukaraNa karate hae sampUrNatA pradAna kI gaI hai| ullekhya mahAkAvya me prAdi kavi ne pratyeka sarga ke anta me chanda parivartana-krama kA se anta paryanta kevala eka hI chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA nirvAha kiyA hai / kAbya meM AdyopaoNta geyatA va layAtma- hai / grantha ko mAdhurya evaM prasAda guNa sampanna banAe rakhane katA kA bhI dhyAna rakhA hai| ke lie subodha, sukomala va jana pracalita bhASA kA prAzraya ___'varddhamAna' tathA 'tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra' ke hI liyA gayA hai / kAvya madhya me prasaMgAnukUla prAgata jaina pArivarNa-vipaya para likhA jAne vAlA tIsarA hindI jaina bhASika zabdo, yathA-prAsrava, nirjarA, pudgala, prAsuka, mahAkAbya hai, kavivara dhanyakumAra jaina 'sudheza' viracita nigoda, par3agAhanA, kulakara, pacAstikAya, anagAra, mAnaparama jyoti mahAvIra", jo san 1961 me 'zrI phUla. stambha, dvAdaza bhAvanA stambha, dvAdaza bhAvanAe prAdi, kI mahAkAvyAnta meM prAdi. kI ma canda javaracanda godhA jaina gratha mAlA', indaura se prakAzita sarala vyAkhyA dI gaI hai| isI prakAra, pariziSTa 2 va pAkavi ne apane ima grantha ko 'karuNa, dharmavIra evaM pariziSTa 3 me kramazaH kAvyAntargata prayukta aitihAsika zAMta rasa pradhAna mahAkAvya' saMjJA pradAna kI hai| sthaloM va pAtroM kA bhI paricaya kavi ne diyA hai| sArAMparama jyoti mahAvIra" mahAkAvya me sargoM kI saMkhyA zataH kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi va mahat prayojana donoM dRSTiyoM 23 hai| isa vasatmika gratha meM kula 2516 chanda haiM se prastuta mahAkAvya utkRSTa hai| jinakA niyamapUrvaka vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka pUrva vivecita mahAkAvyoM se bhinna kathya va pRthak prAsIkhita sarga meM 108 chanda hai / isake atirikta 33 zailI me kavi motIlAla 'mArtaNDa' RSabhadeva ne 'zrI RSabha chanda prastAvanA meM pRthaka rUpa se nibaddha hai|' mahAkavi ne caritasAra' nAmaka prabandha-kAvya kI racanA kI hai| prastuta isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhA hai ki tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kRti ko laghu prAkAra kA mahAkAvya mAnanA anucita na ke jIvana va tadasambandhita ghaTanAmoM ke samyak nirvAha hogA / vivecya mahAkAvya 15 pharavarI, san 1964 meM ke sAtha-sAtha mahAvIra yugIna rAjanaitika, dhArmika, Arthika, 'zrI akhila vizva jaina mizana, alIgaja' se prakAzita aitihAsika tathA sAMskRtika pakSoM kA bhI samucita nirU. kiyA gyaa| paNa ho| apane isa prayAsa me kavi paryApta saphala huA hai| 'zrI RSabha caritasAra' ko kathAvastu Adi tIrthakara jaina saMhitA, darzana, dharmAdi se bhalIbhA~ti bhijJa kavi 'sudheza' bhagavAna RSabhadeva athavA RSabhanAtha ke pAvana caritra para ne jinendra bhagavAna kI divya vANI kI maulikatA ko prAdhRta hai / hindI bhASA me tIrthakara vRSabhadeva para racA akSuNNa rakhane kA stutya prayatna kiyA hai / zvetAmbara tathA jAne vAlA kadAcit uparokta kAvya grantha hI prakAza meM digambara avadhAraNAoM ke sat samanvaya ke sambandha meM pAyA hai| prastuta mahAkAvya kA prAkAra zAstra-granthoM ke mahAkAvyakAra ne likhA hai-"donoM sampradAyoM ke granthoM se samAna hai tathA ise tulasIdAsa kRta 'rAmacarita mAnasa' jo kucha sat, ziva, sundara prApta huA hai, usase isa mahA- kI zailI kA anusaraNa karate hue dohA, caupAI, soraThA 1. 'lIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra': "do zabda"-zrI vIrendraprasAda jaina, pR0 3 2. vistRta vivaraNa hetu dekhie 'kRti kI kathA'-'parama jyoti mahAvIra' meM-zrI dhanyakumAra jaina 'sudheza', pR020-21 3. 'kRti kI kathA' : 'parama jyoti mahAvIra' meM - zrI dhanyakumAra 'sudheza' pR0 20-21

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hindI ke prAdhunika jaina mahAkAvya 159 Adi chandoM meM saMvArA gayA hai| kAvyArambha se pUrva se paryApta sAmya rakhatA hai, parantu kAvya kA varNya viSaya mUmikA meM bAba kAmatAprasAda jaina ne veda, upaniSadAdi pUrNataH pRthaka hai / 'pArzva prabhAkara' me kavi ne jaina tIrthaMkara saMskRti granthoM ke uddharaNoM kA ullekha karate hue mahAkAvya paramparA ke 23veM tIrthakara 'pArzvanAtha' ke pUrva janmoM se ke mahAnAyaka RSabhadeva kI aitihAsikatA pramANita kara lekara nirvANa paryanta taka ke jIvana ko kAvya kA prAdhAra dI hai| bhamikA ke uparAMta kavi 'mArtaNDa' jI kI zuddha banAyA hai| saMskRta bhASA meM 'zrata vandanA' nibaddha hai, tadantara kAvya kavi vIrendraprasAdajI ne mahAkAvya kA prArambha prArambha humA hai| vivecya mahAkAvya me sarga hai jinake maMgalAcaraNa yA prabhu vandanA se na karake bhArata deza sthita zIrSaka kramazaH hai-maMgala sagaM, pUrvabhana sarga, avataraNa sarga, prAkRtika suSamA sampanna kAzI-rAjya ke vaibhava varNana se upakAra sarga, tapa sarga, upadeza sarga, vijaya sarga, svapna sarga kiyA hai; parantu kAvyArambha se pUrva pRthaka rUpa se 'praNata tathA nirvANa sarga / ina nau sargoM me chando kI kula saMkhyA praNAma' zIrSaka se 8 paMktiyoM kI stuti likhI hai| prabhu lagabhaga 735 hai / mahAkAvya kAra ne pratyeka sarga meM chandoM pArzvanAtha ke praNamana vandanA ko samarpita isa laghu stuti meM kI unake prakAra ke anusAra pRthak saMkhyA dI hai, jisase anuprAsika saundarya dRSTavya hai-kavi ne 'praNata praNAma' meM krama vizRMkhalita va sambhramakArI ho gayA hai| prayukta pratyeka zabda kA prArambha 'pa' varNa se kiyA hai / paurANika mahAkAvyo ke lakSaNoM kA nirvAha karate 'pArva prabhAkara' mahAkAvya para kavivara mugharadAsa virahue, prathama sarga kA prArambha maMgalAcaraNa, vRSabhavandanA evaM cita 'pArzva purANa' kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai, kaI devazAstra guru-stuti se kiyA gayA hai| ghIra, prazAMta nAyaka chanda to 'pArzva-purANa' ke bhASAnuvAda mAtra pratIta hote tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha ke sAdhanA evaM anucitaka pradhAna hai| vivecya kRti me soM kI kula saMkhyA 10 hai tathA jIvana para prAghRta kAvya me bhI kavi ne bahula ghaTanAoM tada targata nibaddha chanda lagabhaga 1385 hai| sargoM kA kA samAveza karake grantha ko rocaka va grAhya banA diyA nAmakaraNa agralikhita krama me huyA hai-prathama sarga 'puurvaahai| bhagavAna RSabha ke sAtha-sAtha unake putra cakravartI bhAsa', dUsarA 'garbhakAla', tIsarA 'janma-mahotsava', cauthA samrATa bharata tathA mahAyogI bAhubali ke jIvanavRtta ko sarga 'zizuvaya', pAMcavA~ 'kizoravaya', paSThama marga 'taruNavaya bhI prastuta kAvya meM cAru rUpa se sayojita kara liyA hai evaM virAga', saptama 'pUrva-bhava darzana evaM lokAntika devAaura kathA pravAha avAdhita rahA hai / kadhi ne pratyeka chanda cana', aSTama sarga 'abhiniSkramaNa, tapa evaM kevala jJAna', ke uparAnta hindI gadya me artha vyAkhyA de dI hai jisakI navama 'dharmopadeza' tathA dazama sarga 'nirvANa vandanA' / prabaddha pAThaka ke lie AvazyakatA nahI thii| pAzrva prabhAkara' ke uparAnta kaI varSoM taka koI hiMdI ___'zrI RSabha carita sAra' ke pazcAt sAhityAloka meM jaina mahAkAvya sAhitya jagata me nahI pAyA, kintu aba mAne vAlA ullekhya hindI jaina mahAkAvya hai kavi tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke paccIsa-sauve girvANotsava bIrendraprasAda jaina praNIta "pArzva prbhaakr"| prastuta mahA- ke upalakSya me vigata do-tIna varSoM ke bhItara sAhitya kI kAvya 22 janavarI, san 1964 me pUrNa ho cukA thA kiMtu kathA, nATaka, upanyAsa prAdi samasta vidhAmo meM vipu. mArthika kaThinAiyoM vaza mudrita na ho cukA / ' antata san lAtmaka jaina sAhitya sRjita huprA tathA nirantara racA jA 1967 meM gauhATI kI digambara jaina pacAyata ke prAthika rahA hai| isI avadhi-antarAla me mahAkAvya vidhA me sahayoga se, zrI akhila vizva-jaina mizana, alIgaMja praNIta do atyanta utkRTa kRtiyA~ prakAza meM pAI hai| (eTA) se prakAzita huaa| prAkAra-prakAra, bhASA evaM kavivara raghuvIra zaraNa mitra viracita 'vIrAyana' tathA DA. zailI-vidhA ke pariprekSya meM avalokeM to 'pArzva-prabhAkara' chalavihArI gupta kRta 'tIrthakara mahAvIra' / kavi ke pUrva racita mahAkAvya 'tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra mahAkAvyakAra raghuvIrazaraNa mitra ne apane 'vA 1. 'pArzva-prabhAkara kA 'prAkkathana'-zrI vIrendraprasAda jaina

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160, varSa 29, ki0 4 bhanekAnta (mahAvIra mAnasa mahAkAvya) ko hindI sAhityetihAsa ke unakI upalabdhi aura upayogitA kA prAkalana kiyA gayA chAyAvAda-yugIna apratima kavi jayazaMkara prasAda kI amara hai| kathA-vastu kI apekSA prastuta mahAkAvya kAvyagata kRti 'kAmAyanI' ke rUpa meM TAMkane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| utkRSTatA kI dRSTi se adhika saphala hai / bahulachandAtmaka mahAkAvya kA zIrSaka 'vIrAyana' hI isa mora saMketa karatA isa kAvya meM sthAna-sthAna para svatantra pragItoM kA niyojana hai| prastuta kahAkAvya vIra nirvANa samvat 2500 (san spRhaNIya hai / prakRti kA svatantra, mAlambana tathA uddIpana 1975) meM bhAratodaya prakAzana, vesTa eNDa roDa, meraTha se sabhI rUpoM me marmasparzI citraNa kavi ne kiyA hai / prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| mahAkavi ne jinendra bhagavAna bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana ko sama-sAmayika sandarbha meM mahAvIra kI vandanA, arcanA tathA unakI pramaravANI, prApta dekhane ke pariNAmasvarUpa vartamAnakAlIna bhArata kI bacanoM ke sudUragAmI va dIrghakAlIna prabhAva-prasAra ke uddezya samasyAgro, prabhAvoM kurItiyoM Adi ke nirUpaNa va unake se hI prastuta mahAkAvya kI racanA kI hai| svayaM mahA. samucita samAdhAna ke upAyoM kA bhI nirdeza itastataH kAvyakAra ke zabdoM meM-"zraddhA ne tapasyA kA vrata liyA, prApya hai / parantu sthAna-sthAna para prabhu mahAvIra kI, prakRti saMkalpa kiyA ki tapAloka vIra bhagavAna para mahAkAvya kI, dRzyAdRzya zaktiyoM, brahmA, viSNu, maheza, zAradA racUMgA / 'vIrAyana' mahAkAvya se bhagavAna mahAvIra kA Adi divyAdivya devoM kI, kAvya-sAphalya, janakalyANa arcana kiyA hai aura kAvya racane kA uddezya hai jana-jana tathA rASTroddhAra ke lie abhyarthanA, vandanA, prArthanA kathAmeM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA sandeza denA / ' 'merI pravAha ke vyavadhAna hai| yaha racanA svAntaHsukhAya hote hue bhI loka hitakArI 'avantikA ke zabda zilpI' mahAkAvyakAra DA0 chaila bihArI gupta viracita 'tIrthakara mahAvIra' mahAkAvya, mahAkAvya sambandhI navIna lakSaNoM, navIna mUlyoM para hinvI jaina mahAkAvyo kI navInatama upalabdhi hai| muni mAdhArita prastuta bRhadAkAra grantha me 15 sarga hai, jinake zrI vidyAnanda ko samarpita uparyukta grantha kA praNayana 17 zIrSaka tanihita varNya viSaya ke anurUpa nimnalikhita akTUbara, 1974, guruvAra ko prAtaH 7 bajakara 10 minaTa para prArambha humA tathA isakI parisamApti haI 17 pharavarI, 1975, somavAra ko prAtaH 8 bajakara 10 minaTa para / ' puSpa pradIpa, pRthvI pIr3A, bAla kumudanI, janma-jyoti, prastuta mahAkAvya isI varSa, arthAt 1976 I. ke mArca bAlotpanna, janma-janma ke dvIpa, pyAsa aura aMdherA, santApa, mahIne me 'zrI vIra nirvANa-grantha prakAzana samiti, indaura' virakti, vanapatha divya darzana, jJAna-vANI, uddhAra, ananta se prakAzita huyA hai| 'sargabaddho mahAkAvyam' sUtra ke tathA yugAntara / jaisA ki sarga ke nAmoM se spaSTa hai, tIrtha mAghAra para kavi ne tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke itivRtta kara mahAvIra kI pramukha kathA cauthe sarga se hI prArambha ko pATha sargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| mahAkAvyakAra ne hotI hai| usase pUrva to mahAkavi ke vividha zabda puSpoM se kathA-nirvAha meM aitihAsika satyatA, sAmpradAyika evaM devAdeva iSToM kI abhyarthanA, prAkRtika saundarya-suSamA kaa| pAramparika jaina mAnyatApro kI akSuNNatA kA pUrA dhyAna vizada varNana tathA satayuga se kaliyuga taka ke prAvartana- rakhA hai| kAvya kA koI bhI prasaMga yA kalpanA itihAsa parivartana kI vistRta vivecanA kI hai| prantima sarga visaMgata nahI hai| itara prakaraNo ko anAvazyaka vistAra 'yugAMtara' meM nirvANoparAMta bhagavAna mahAvIra ke amara na dekara dhIra, prazAta, dhIrodAtta, sanmati bhagavAna mahAvIra vacanoM va siddhAntoM kI jIvana evaM jagata ko dena tathA ke jIvanavRtta ko prasAda tathA mAdhurya sayuta kAvya zailI meM 1. 'vIrAyana' (mahAvIra mAnasa mahAkAvya) kA "pUrvAloka"- lekhaka- zrI raghuvIra zaraNa 'mitra', pR0 6.10 2. 'tIrthakara mahAvIra' (mahAkAvya)-DA. chalavihArI gUpta-'upakramaNikA' ke uparAMta meM

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hindI ke mAdhunika jaina mahAkAvya citrita kiyA gayA hai| mahAkAvya ko sarva boSa gamya banAne ko kAvyAtmaka abhivyakti dene vAle 10gI pragata ke lie vidvAn kavi ne durUha, kliSTa saMskRtabhita prabhAvakArI hai| yadyapi ina gIto se kathA-pravAha prabaddha zabdAvalI kA moha parityAga kara jana-pracalita, sarala ho gayA hai tadapi prabhAvotpAdana meM ve pUrNa saphala ho .khar3I bolI hindI kA prayoga kiyA hai aura usake mahAkAvyAnta meM bhI kavi ne eka svatantra gIta bhagavAna pariNAmasvarUpa prastuta mahAkAvya sarasa, sugrAhya va pravAha- mahAvIra ke DhAI hajAraveM nirvANa-varSa para vizeSata: racA zIla bana sakA hai| hai| isa prakAra kathya, viSaya-varNana tathA zilpa-sauSThava tIrthakara mahAvIra' meM mahAkAbyakAra ne na sargoM ko sabhI dRSTiyo se DA0 chailabihArI gupta praNIta 'tIrthakara zIrSaka die hai, na chandoM kI saMkhyA / 'vIrAyana' kI bhAti mahAvIra' ucca koTi kA mahAkAvya hai| prAzA hai ki bahuchandAtmaka isa grantha me bhI ekAdhika sthalo para muktaka nikaTa bhaviSya me na kevala bhagavAna mahAvIra para hI, prItoM kI sayojanA huI hai| dvitIya sarga me sanmati prabhu apitu 'jina' paramparA ke poSaka anya mahAnAyako ka mahAvIra dvArA abhicitita, jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA, pAvana-vRta para bhI, utkRSTa mahAkAvya sAhitya prAgaNa vastUmoM va svajano ke prati moha-mAyAdika kI nissAratA me padArpaNa kreNge| 000 prAkata. apabhranza tathA anya bhAratIya bhASAeM bhASA vyakti ke jIvana meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna prAdhunika bhASAmro kA vikAsa isI janabhASA se rakhatI hai| jIvana kA hareka kSaNa bhASA ke mAdhyama jur3A huA hai| se abhivyakta hotA hai| yadi bhASA svAbhAvika, prAkRta bhASA kA sabandha bhAratIya prArya zAkhA subodha aura sampreSaNayukta hai to vyakti kA parivAra se hai| vidvAnoM ne bhAratIya prArya zAkhA jIvana darpaNa kI bhA~ti ujAgara hotA rahegA aura parivAra kI bhASAmoM ke vikAsako tIna yugoM yadi bhASA kliSTa, thopI huI tathA rUDha ho to me vibhakta kiyA hai :jIvanadarzana sAmAnya jana kI paridhi se bAhara 1. prAcIna bhAratIya pArya bhApAkAla (1600 hI ghUmatA rahatA hai| usame lokatantrAtmaka vikAsa I0 pU0 se 600 I0pU0 taka), kI saMbhAvanAeM kramazaH kama hotI jAtI hai| mAnava 2. madhyakAlIna Arya bhASAkAla (600I0 pU0 itihAsa me bhASA kA yaha utAra-car3hAva saMskRti ko utAra-car3hAva saMskRti ko se 1000 I. taka) tathA bahuta parivartita karatA rahA hai| bhArata meM prAcIna 3. mAdhunika Arya bhASAkAla (1000 I. se samaya se hI ziSTa aura jana-sAmAnya kI bhASA vartamAna samaya naka) kA samAnAntara, prayoga hotA rahA hai| bhagavAn prAkRta bhASA kA jo vikAsa huA hai vaha mahAvIra aura buddha ke samaya bhI yahI sthiti thii| kisI na kisI rUpa meM bhAratIya bhASAmoM ke ina ina donoM mahApuruSoM ne bhASA kI isI mahattA ko tIno kAlo se jur3A hamA hai| isa saMbandha kA samajhate hue janabhASA ko hI apane upadezoM kA adhyayana karane se prAkRta aura bhAratIya prAdhunika mAdhyama banAyA thaa| tatkAlIna vaha janabhASA bhASAoM ke paraspara sAmya-vaMSamya kA patA itihAsa meM mAgadhI (pAli) va maddhamAgadhI calatA hai| (prAkRta) ke nAma se jAnI gayI hai| bhAratIya 000

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R-N. 10591,62 vIra-sevA-mandira ke upayogI prakAzana purAtana navAkya-sUcI: prAkRta ke prAcIna 46 mUla-pranthoM kI padyAnukramaNI, jisake sAtha 48 TIkAdi pranthoM meM uddhRta dUsare padyoM kI bhI anukramaNI lagI huI hai| saba milAkara 25353 padya-vAkyoM kI suucii| saMpAdaka mukhtAra zrI jugalakizora jI kI gaveSaNApUrNa mahattva kI 7 pRSTha kI prastAvanA se alaMkRta, DA. kAlIdAsa nAga, ema. e., DI. liT ke prAkkathana (Foreword) aura DA0 e. ena. upAdhye, ema. e.,DI. liTa. kI bhUmikA (Introduction) se bhUSita hai| zodha-khoja ke vidvAnoM ke lie atIva upayogI, bar3A sAija, sjild| 15.00 mAptaparIkSA : zrI vidyAnandAcArya kI svopajJa saTIka apUrva kRti, prAptoM kI parIkSA dvArA Izvara-viSayaka sundara vivecana ko lie hue, nyAyAcArya pa darabArIlAlajI ke hindI anuvAda se yukta, sajilda / 8.00 svayambhU stotra : samantabhadra bhAratI kA apUrva grantha, mukhtAra zrI jamalakizorajI ke hindI anuvAda, tathA mahattva kI gaveSaNApUrNa prastAvanA se suzobhita / 2.00 svatividyA : svAmI samantabhadra kI anokhI kRti, pApo ke jItane kI kalA, saTIka, sAnuvAda pora zrI jugala kizora mukhtAra kI mahattva kI prastAvanAdi se ala kRta sundara jild-shit| mamyAtmakamalamArtaNDa : paMcAdhyAyIkAra kavi rAjamala kI sundara prAdhyAtmika racanA, hindii-anuvaad-shit| 150 puratyanuzAsana : tattvajJAna se paripUrNa, samantabhadra kI asAdhAraNa kRti, jisakA abhI taka hindI anuvAda nahIM huA thaa| mukhtArazrI ke hindI anuvAda aura prastAvanAdi se alaMkRta, sajilda / samIcIna dharmazAstra : svAmI samantabhadra kA gRhasthAcAra-viSayaka pratyuttama prAcIna grantha, mukhtAra zrIjugalakizora jI ke vivecanAtmaka hindI bhASya aura gaveSaNAtmaka prastAvanA se yukta, sajilda / 3-60 banagrantha-prazasti saMgraha, bhAga 1 : saMskRta aura prAkRta ke 171 aprakAzita granthoM kI prazastiyoM kA maMgalAcaraNa sahita apUrva saMgraha, upayogI 11 pariziSToM aura paM0 paramAnanda zAstro kI itihAsa-viSayaka sAhitya paricayAtmaka prastAvanA se alaMkRta, sajilda / ... 4.00 samAdhitantra aura iSTopadeza : adhyAtmakRti, paramAnanda zAstrI kI hindI TIkA sahita 4.00 pravaNabelagola aura dakSiNa ke anya jaina tIrtha : zrI rAja kRSNa jana ... 1.25 madhyAtmarahasya : paM AzAdhara kI sundara kRti, mukhtAra jI ke hindI anuvAda sahita / 1.00 janapranya-prazasti saMgraha, bhAga 2 : apabhraMza ke 122 aprakAzinna granthoM kI prazastiyoM kA mahatvapUrNa sNgrh| pacapana pranthakAroM ke aitihAsika graMtha-paricaya aura pariziSToM shit| saM. paM paramAnanda shaastrii| sjild| 1200 myAya-bIpikA : mA. abhinava dharmabhUSaNa kI kRti kA pro0 DA0 daravArIlAlajI nyAyAcArya dvArA saM0 anu0| 700 bana sAhitya pora itihAsa para vizada prakAza : pRSTha saMkhyA 74, sajilda / kasAyapAhuDasutta : mUla grantha ko racanA prAja se do hajAra varSa pUrva zrI guNadharAcArya ne kI, jisa para zrI yativRSabhAcArya ne pandraha sau varSa pUrva chaha hajAra zloka pramANa cUNisUtra likhe / sampAdaka paM hIrAlAlajI siddhAnta zAstrI, upayogI pariziSToM aura hindI anuvAda ke sAtha bar3e sAija ke 1000 se bhI adhika pRSThoM meN| puSTa kAgaja aura kapaDe kI pakkI jilda / 2000 Reality : mA0 pUjyapAda kI sarvArthasiddhi kA aMgrejI me dhanuvAda bar3e pAkAra ke 300 pa. parako jilda ma nibandha-ratnAvalI : zrI milApacandra tathA zrI ratanalAla kaTAriyA 5-00 dhyAnazataka (dhyAnastava sahita): saMpAdaka paM0 bAlacandra siddhAnta-zAstrI 12-.. dhAvaka dharma saMhitA : zrI darayAvasiMha soSiyA jaina lakSaNAvalI (tIna bhAgoM meM): (tRtIya bhAga mudraNAdhIna) prathama bhAga 25-00%, dvitIya bhAga 25.00 Jain Bibliography (Universal Encyclopaedia of Jain References) (Pages 2500) (Under print) prakAzaka-vIra sevA mandira ke lie rUpavANI priMTiMga hAusa, dariyAgaMja, dillI se mudrita / 6.00