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APRIL, 1877.]
is that of the disclosure of traces of tree and serpent worship,-two forms of early religious veneration which are apparently destined to afford a wide ground of controversy for some years to come, a ground which Mr. Fergusson has hitherto made peculiarly his own. Many of the new
MISCELLANEA.
MISCELLANEA.
DONATION OF ORIENTAL MSS. TO THE EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY.
Mr. John B. Baillie, of Leys, has presented to the University a fine collection of Persian, Arabic, and Sanskrit manuscripts, formed by his grandfather, Lieutenant-Colonel John Baillie, who wished them made heirlooms of his estate of Leys. His representatives, however, being desirous that they should be placed in some public institution, have handed them over to the University of Edinburgh under certain conditions, one of which is that they are to be kept separate as the "Leys Collection." Among them is a complete copy of the Mahabharata in the form of a roll 228 feet long, 5 inches wide, profusely illustrated in colours and gold, representing scenes from the poem. The writing (Devanagart character) is very minute, there being twelve lines in every inch. This MS. is perhaps one of the most beautiful of the kind that has reached this country. Another fine MS. is a copy of the Shah Ndmeh of Firdausi, also richly illustrated with illuminations of Oriental scenes. The rest of the collection consists of historical works, firmâns beautifully illuminated, &c., and numbers in all about 125 volumes. -Scotsman.
TRANSLATION OF A JAPANESE SONG. The woods are green in summer time. And bright with blossoms gay; The murmur of the happy leaves .Sounds all the golden day.
But here a tree, by lightning struck. Is black, and bent, and bare; It lifts its arms like phantom fell, And dims the sunny air.
A bird, that built its dainty nest 'Mong branches blossomed-o'er, Still sings upon the withered bough As blithely as before.
O fond and faithful as the bird That haunts the leafless tree, Though darkest clouds of sorrow came. My sweet love stayed with me!
illustrations in this volume, although inserted for other purposes, would serve as additions to those of the author's great special work on this subject,-of Tree and Serpent Worship.
Lahor.
107
W. S.
DR. GOLDSTÜCKER'S. THEORY ABOUT PANINI'S TECHNICAL TERMS.
BY PROF. RAMKRISHNA G. BHANDARKAR, M.A. The following article on Goldstücker's Panini was published in two issues of Native Opinion. 21st and 28th August 1864. Appearing in a mere newspaper, it probably did not then attract the notice of scholars generally, and is now inaccessible. I am encouraged to reprint it in the Indian Antiquary by the suggestion of Prof. F. Kielhorn in a note to his article on the Mahabhashya (ante, vol. V. p. 251). I have given it as it was, save misprints. and a remark of a personal nature omitted from the last paragraph.
Dr. Burnell, in his recent work, The Aindra School of Sanskrit Grammarians, has adopted Prof. Goldstücker's theory about Pânini's technical terms, which, as was shown by me twelve years ago, is based on a misapprehension of the sense of certain passages in the Mahabhashya and Kaiyata, and like him is led to awkward conclusions. He gives some technical terms used by the older grammarians, which, he says, Panini does not define in accordance with the theory. Of these, however, ekavachana, dvivachana, and bahuvachana are defined in I. 4. 103. Upasarga, nipáta, dhátu, and pratyaya Pânini defines likewise, but, as observed by me in the following paper, he defines them by enumeration, or by unfolding the denotation of the term instead of the connotation, and in the case of dhatu in the
* पाठेन धातुसंज्ञेत्येतदुपपन्न भवति । p. 229a.
latter way also. All Indian grammarians so understand him, and Patanjali himself does s0. Dhátu is defined in I. 3. 1. This sutra is interpreted in several ways. First, that bhu and others are dhdtus, i.e. the name dhátu is given to bhú and others. The effect of this, we are told in the Mahabhashya, is that these get the name from the fact of their being put in that list. Secondly, bhú and others which are of the nature of vá, i.e. which show action, are roots; and thirdly, vd and others which are of the nature of bhú, i.e. signify being, are roots. What is to be gathered from the last two is that words which show action or being
