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162
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
[JUNE, 1877.
calendar. Unfortunately, however, the MS. of the festival is the Kalanirnaya of M&we possess of the work breaks off just with the dhavacharya (= M.), minister of king Vukseventh day, the saptami, whereas the festival kaņa, of the second half of the fourteenth cenbelongs to the next following date, the eighth. tury. || Here the festival is explained in vv. 65-75 Thus we lose not only Hemå dri's own re- of the introductory káriká, or rather in the fourth presentation of it, but also the quotations from section of the work itself, with very great detail older representations of the kind, which he had, - however, in harmony with the character of according to his wont, doubtless utilized very the whole work, not according to its ritual, but abundantly. From the citations adduced by according to its calendar relation, yet with the later authors from this section of his work, it insertion of numerous quotations from earlier is shown, for example, that he utilized for it par- works. The author begins with statements from ticularly the Bhavishya Purana. It is to be the Puranas which concern the high significance hoped that the Vratakhanda will yet be disco. and the all-sin-expiating force of the Janmashtami vered complete. On account of their richness festival; partly they threaten with severe punishand comparative antiquity the works of Hem - ments those who neglect it or the obligatory dri really deserve special consideration. fast enjoined therewith-thus three passages
The second text, chronologically fixed, treating from a Smriti, the Bhavishyatpurana, and
the BA R
states
the
conquere ested
Kub
& On account of the quotations to be made hereafter, I insert the following abbreviations by which I designate the several texts of the Bhavishya, or rather the Bhavishyottara Purana :
0.= Bodleian Wila. 124 (01) and 126 (02)
sa., Sb., sc., the three texts of this class which are at my disposal in Samkara's Vratárka (all three alao in Visva. nátha's Vratar dja=sv. 1-3).
B. = Chambers 798t. 0.= Chambers 724 (Ca=fol. 16-3a).
D. = Chambers 816. Also the other abbreviations may be here inserted in one view, because they will also be often used :
M.= Madhava (Kalanirnaya). Al. =All&danktha (Nirnayamrita). R. Raghunandana (Janmashtamitattva). N. = Nilakantha (samayamwyakha).
8. Sankara (Vratarka; the three Bhavishya texts of which are sa., $b., Sc.).
K. = Kamalakara (Nirnayasindhu). Bhd. = Bhattojidikshita (Sarkshepatithinimaya). Vr.= Visvangtha (Vrataraja; the three Bhavishya texts of which are sv. 1-3).
Ms. = Masakritya (J. fol. 25a-26b). Ud.=Janmashtamfuratody&pana. Ka.= Kasinátha (Dharmasindhusdra). sk. = RadhAkantadeva (sabdakalpadruma).. Vi. = Chambors 640.
R. . K. Bhd. Vr. sk. specially refer to Hem&dri as their scurce.
According to Lassen, Ind. Alt. IV. p. (168) 977, this prince of Vijayanag&r & reigned from about 13651370." Madhava, in the introduction to the Kalanirnaya, mentions that, after completing his commentary on the Dharmaḥ Párásardh (see Aufrecht, Catalogus, p. 264), he began to compose this work, the Kalanimaya. From the introductions to the commentaries on various Vedic writings escribed to him and to his brother S&yana, their later composition, or rather the following order of them, further appears: The first place is occupied by the explanatiop of the two Mimarsd, purvottaramtmanse (conf. v. 9 of the Introd, to the Jaiminlyanyayamaia, and the vistara there. to. pp. 13, 15, ed. Goldstücker); then follows the commentary on the Yajurveda, on the Rigvedi, on the Samhita of the Samaved i, on the Parichavin fabrahmana, on the Shidvinsa. As in the beginning of all these works, or rather commentaries, Ling Bukkan 8 (or rather Bukka) is mentioned 88 patron, he must very probably have reigned more than fwa years! At the conclusion of the introduction to the commentaries on the first part of the Sam18anhiti, Madhava calls himself the son of SrI-N &r&yana (puchagning Madhavena Sri Nardyanasinund, Berl. MS. Orient. fol.
No. 452), whilst elsewhere, as in the introduction to the commentary on the Para arasmriti (Aufrecht, loco citato), and in other places his father is called M&ya na. Ona colony of 24 learned Brahmans who cooperated in the composition of the works bearing the name of Madhava, Bee Roth in the Münchener Gel. Anz. 1853, p. 46-1, or rather the inscription communicated by Major Jacob in the Jour. Bo. Br. R. 48. Soc. vol. IV. p. 115. As, moreover, this inscription states concerning him that, whilst tempo. rarily entrusted with the government of the town and district) of Jayanti he had conquered Gova (now Goa), the capital of the Konkana, where he issued the still exist. ing grant of 25 estates situated in the district of Kuchara (now Kochre), and which were henceforth to be called
Madhava-town,' as a monument of his conquest in the 1313th Suka year (A.D. 1391, just 107 years before Vasco de Gama's arrival), the question is not out of place whether an acquaintance with Syrian Christians, who were so numerous in that very district, has not exerted some in fluence on the special emphasis imparted by him to the Krislun ujanmashtami. There was, according to all appearances, just in this southern part of India, where at that time also the Jainas exerted considerable influence, & pecu. liarly favourable soil for a certain syncrasy of religious systems at that period; as appears, among other circumstances, also from that commingling of the Vishnu-cultus with Siva-worship as manifested in the name Harihara borne by a brother and a nephew of king Bukk 8: conf. Lassen, IV. pp. 171, 172. This may have been in a measure com. mendable simply on patriotic and political grounds, as in opposition to the invasion of Moslems, against whom these princes had to contend. According to Mahesa chandra (Introduction to the Kavyaprakáša, Calc. 1866, p. 22), M . dhava composed the Sarvadorsan isa ringraha A.D. 1335; it is unknown to me on what this statement resta. Conf. also Colebrooke, Misc. Ess. vol. I. p. 301 ; Cowell, Introd. to the Kusumañjali, p. 10.-Germann, in his edition of Zie. genbalg's Genealogie der Malabar. Götter (p. 118), has confounded gur Madhava with an older namesake (born saka 1121, -A.D. 1199), who appears as a very zealous promoter of Krishna-worship (but whose rend name is Ånandatirtha). See, op the latter, Wilson's Select •Works, vol. I, pp. 139-141 (ed. Rost, where among his works, curiously enough, also a Rigbhashya is adduced): Burnouf, Bhig. Pur. vol. I. p. lxii.; and Hall, Biographical Index of the Ind. Philos. Systems, pp. 94-95.
Compare at present Burnell, Varh Brahmana, Pref. Pp. vii. xxiv.-A. W.1
TOn fol. 781-882 of the only complete, but unfortunately very incorrect.MS. (Chambers, 240) at my disposal for the work. The festival occupies the fourteenth part of the whole work, from which circumstance alone it is quite evident what a high significance the author attached to it.
