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156 EPIGRAPHIA INDICA
[VOL. XXVIII Ammaiyappan, Attimallan, or Atiyändan. The epithet Nälāyiravan' e., (the Commander) of the Four thousand' seems to indicate the original connection these chiefs had with a body of soldiers consisting of 4,000 members. One such was known as Minavanai-ven-kandän Vikramaśõlandāya-Velaikkarar', which name suggests his active part in a conflict with the Pāņdyas. The Sambuvarāyas worked their way up by service to their overlords in the latter's military campaigns. Their exploits are revealed by the several titles assumed by them such as Pandi-nādu-konda (who took the Pandya country), Tanininrān (who conquered single), Senradisai-venrān (who conquered in every direction he went), Seyyārril-venrān (who conquered at Seyyāru), Palavāyuda-vallavan. (adept in wielding various weapons), Tan-vasi kāttuvān (who shows his sword) and Venrumankonda (who took the earth by conquest). They also endeared themselves to the people by charitable acts like founding villages, constructing tanks and building temples. It is worthy of note that some of these chiefs called themselves Pallavas. They also shared the titles of Kādava Kõpperuñjinga such as Alappirandāp,' Alagiyabiyan and Alagiya Pallavan, or Pallavāņdāp. These common titles suggest an affinity between the Sambuvarāyas and Köpperuñjingadēva, but whether the relationship was only political and not matrimonialso has yet to be established. From the figure of a bull engraved by the side of each of the two inscriptions under review, it is evident that the Sambuvarāyas adopted the bull as their insignia. As noted before, these chiefs allied themselves with other chieftains like the Bāņas, the Adigaimāns and the Kādavas, and even against some rival members of their own family for securing territorial rights and for offensive and defensive action. They gradually assumed such importance that Edirilibőla-Sambuvaraya, a member of this family, was so perturbed by the presence of a foreign army in the land that he sought supernatural intercession to avert the disaster threatened by the Singhalese invasion in the time of Rājādhirāja II.11 Later members of this family seem to have thrown in their weight against the Muhammadan expansion in the south, which was perhaps the occasion for their assuming independence with the titles Sakalalokachakravarti and Venrumankondān, and later we find them issuing records in their own
It is not clear whether the title Attimallan is to be traced to the village Attiyur, i.e., Little Conjeeveram (S. 1. I. Vol. IV, No. 849) or Atti in the North Arcot district. This title was also borne by the Malaiyamán chiefs of Kiliyor (8. 1. I., Vol., VII, No. 1022; Noa. 411 of 1909, 311 and 322 of 1921).
? Minavanai-ten-kandan means he who saw the back of the Minavan i.e., Påndya' (No. 389 of 1922). Rajaraja-Sarabuvariya's grand-father claims to have conquered the Pandya country (No. 222 of 1904).
• Nos. 181 and 184 of 1939-40. * 8. I. I., Vol. I, pp. 87-88.
• A record of Rājanäräyaņa (No. 59 of 1933-34-A. D. 1340) mentions a chief named 'Sonadu-konda Sambu. variya. It has been suggested in the An. Rep. on Epy. for 1934, p. 37 that this title was probably assumed by some earlier chieftain in commemoration of his having won indopendence from the Cholas.
• No. 422 of 1922. 7 No. 353 of 1923. * Nos. 105 of 1913 and 487 of 1921.
Nos. 52 of 1919 and 428 of 1922; 8.1. I., Vol. III, p. 123. 10 No. 435 of 1913 styles Kidava s brother-in-law', without specifying the person to whom he was so related. An inscription from VaJuvür (No. 58 of 1908) mentions Virarakkada who stylos himself a Pallava, though he uses the Sengêni and Sambavariya titles. The Sambuvariya chief Alagiya Siyan Sambuvarāya makes a gift to an image set up in the templo at Tiruvenpainallar in the name of the mother of Alagiya Pallavan Köpperujinga. dēva I (8. I. I., Vol. XII, No. 170).
11 No. 20 of 1899. 12 An. Rep. on Epy. for 1904, para, 27.
19 No. 434 of 1903 from Tiruvamittur in the South Arcot District dated in the 14th year of Venrumankonda Sambuvaraya, corresponding to A. D. 1335-36 refers to an invasion of the Turukkar, i.e., Muhammadang which took place in previous days and to the ruin in the country, brought about by the invasion. The relevant portion of the inscription roads : 'munnil Turukkar vandu tirnvädalgalum niraiyal kulaindu dobumum alindu kidakkaiyir, etc.
