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280 EPIGRAPHIA INDICA
(VOL. XXVIII family's records only of the time of Vidyādharbhanja Amoghakalnsa and Nēttabhañja Kalyünakalasa II. The officers of the king mentioned in the grant as associated with it are also not found in any other record of the family. These facts would suggest that Nēttabhanja Tribhuvanakalasu, who issued this charter, flourished sometime after Nētrabhañja Kalyāņakalasa II and may be tentatively designated Nattabhañja III. This suurestion seems to be supported by his epithet Paramavaishnava, as Vaishnavism was reintroduced as the family's religion by Nottabhanja Kalyāņakalasa II. Whether Prithvibhañja and Rayabhanja, father and grandfather respectively of Nēttabhañja III Tribhuvanakalasa (II), actually ruled cannot be determined in the present state of our knowledge. It seems however that Prithvibhanja was not far removed from Nēttabhanja II and may have been the latter's son or grandson. It is difficult to determine whether the title Rauka adopted by Nēttabhañja IIF had any special significance. The seal of all these rulers bears the emblem of a lion moving to the left.
Another later member of the same family was katrubhanja Mangalaraja who was the son of Silābhanja, grandson of Mallagambhirudēva and great-grandson of Ynthäsukhadēva and who issued the Jangalpadu plates' in the fourteenth year of his reign. As in the case of Nottubhanja III, the relationship of Satrubhañja Mangalaraja with the known members of the family of the earlier Bhañjas of Khiñjalimandala is unknown. Whether the father, grandfather and great-grandfather of Satrubhañja Mangalarāja were actual rulers is also not known. The place of issue of Satrubhanja's charter is, however, not mentioned and he may have been a member of the same family ruling side by side with the ruler of Vañjulvaka. But the Salvādda or Sulvālda vishayo, in which the village granted by Satrubhanja Mangalaraja was situated, seems to be no other than the Salvada vishaya of the grant of Silābhanja II edited above (A).
Another Bhanja king making grant of a village in Khiñjalimandala and ruling in tlie Ganjam region was the Paramavaishwava Mahiimandalesvara Nēttabhañja who was the son of Ranubhanja and grandson of Nēttabhañja and issued a charter from Kumārapura.? The style of this record is quite different from that of the charters of the Bhañja rulers of Vanjulvaka. The emblem on the seal is also not the lion but a kalasa taken by some as pürna-kumbha and by others as amritaahala. He must have represented a different branch of the Bhanja family just as the later Bhanjax claiming to have ruled the Khiñjali country from the Kölāda kalakal did. The yuvarāja Rayabhañja mentioned in this inscription may have been the son of the issuer of the charter.
The genealogy of the later Bhañjas of Khiñjali, as known from their two records so far discovered, may be tabulated as follows:
Rajánlhiraja Devabhañja
RĀyabhañja I
Virabhaõja Rāyalihañja 11
Yasõbhanja
Jayabhenja
Y worraja Vilabhanja 1 Inaccurate transcripts of this inscription have been published in J. B.O.R.S., Vol. XVIII, PP. 387 ff., and J. K. H. R. 8., Vol. I, 181 ff. We have recently re-edited the record for the Epigraphia Indica. The first three verses of this record are the same as those in the epigraphs edited here.
* Above, Vol. XXIV, pp. 15 ff.
* Cf. Thandarkar, Nos. 1504, 2006. Koláda seens to be no other than modern Kulida near Russellkonds, which was the leadquarters of a family of Bhanja chiefs as late as the British period. The celebrated Oriya poot L pendrabnanja belonged to this family. It is possible to think that this family was an off-shoot of that of the later Bhañjas of Khiñjali ruling from Kõlada-katakn.
Bhandarkar, List, p. 379.
