Sramana 1992 01

Author(s): Ashok Kumar Singh
Publisher: Parshvanath Vidhyashram Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/525009/1

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TIVE MIIIIIIII 42 reomi, janavarI-mArca 1962 MEANARanguare eledo, TRUU

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pradhAna saMpAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina sampAdaka DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha varSa 43 janavarI-mArca 1992 saha sampAdaka DaoN0 ziva prasAda aMka 1-3 1 prastuta aMka meM 1. mUlya aura mUlyabodha kI sApekSatA kA siddhAnta ....-pro0 sAgaramala jaina 2. guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa ---pro0 sAgaramala jaina 3. candra kavedhyaka (prakIrNaka) eka AlocanAtmaka paricaya - zrI sureza sisodiyA 4. zramaNa evaM brAhmaNa paramparA meM parameSThI pada - sAdhvI (DA0) surekhA zrI 5 RSibhASita kA sAmAjika darzana - sAdhvI (DA0) pramoda kumArI 6. paryAvaraNa evaM ahiMsA -DaoN0 DI0 Ara0 bhaNDArI 7. syAdvAda evaM zU yavAda kI mamanvayAtmaka dRSTi -DaoN0 (ku0) ratnA zrIvAstava 8 yugapuruSa AcArya samrATa Ananda RSi jI ma0 -upAcArya devendra muni 9. pArzvanAtha zodhapITha ke prAMgaNa meM 10: jaina jagat 11 sAhitya satkAra 91 103 107 109 115 vArSika zulka cAlIsa rupaye eka prati dasa rupaye yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki lekhaka ke vicAroM se sampAdaka athavA saMsthAna sahamata ho

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mUlya aura mUlyabodha kI sApekSatA kA siddhAnta (bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya cintana ke sandarbha meM) -pro0 sAgaramala jaina mUlya-darzana kA udbhava evaM vikAsa eka navIna dArzanika prasthAna ke rUpa meM mUlya-darzana kA vikAsa lotse, brenTAno, eranaphelsa, mAinAMga, hArTamana, arabana, evareTa, maiksa zelara Adi vicArakoM kI racanAoM ke mAdhyama se 19vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa se prArambha hotA hai tathApi zreya evaM preya ke viveka ke rUpa meM. parama sukha kI khoja ke rUpa meM evaM puruSArtha ko vivecanA ke rUpa meM mUlya-bodha aura mUlya-mImAMsA ke mUlabhUta praznoM kI samIkSA evaM tatsambandho cintana ke bIja pUrva evaM pazcima ke prAcIna dArzanika cintana meM bhI upalabdha hote haiN| vastutaH mUlya-bodha mAnavIya prajJA ke vikAsa ke sAtha ho prArambha hotA hai| ataH vaha utanA hI prAcIna hai, jitanA mAnavIya prajJA kA vikAsa / mUlya-viSayaka vicAravimarza kI yaha dhArA jahA~ bhArata meM zreSa' evaM 'mokSa' ko parama mUlya mAna kara AdhyAtmikatA kI dizA meM gatizIla hotI rahI, vahIM pazcima meM 'zubha' evaM 'kalyANa' para adhika bala dekara aihika, sAmAjika evaM buddhivAdI banI rhii| phira bhI artha, kAma aura dharma ke trivarga ko svIkAra kara na to bhAratIya vicArakoM ne aihika aura sAmAjika jIvana ke mUlyoM kI upekSA kI hai aura na satya, ziva evaM sundara ke parama malyoM ko svIkAra kara pazcima ke vicArakoM ne mUlyoM kI AdhyAtmika avadhAraNA kI upekSA kI hai| (2) mUlya kA svarUpa mUlya kyA hai ? isa prazna ke abhI taka aneka uttara diye gae haiMsukhavAdI vicAraparamparA ke anusAra, jo manuSya kI kisI icchA kI tRpti karatA hai athavA jo sukhakara, rucikara evaM priya hai, vahI mUlya hai| vikAsavAdiyoM ke anusAra jo jIvanarakSaka evaM saMvarddhaka hai, vahI mUlya hai| buddhivAdI kahate haiM ki mUlya vaha hai jise mAnavIya prajJA nirapekSa rUpa se

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[ 2 ] varepa mAnatI hai aura jo eka vivekavAn prANI ke rUpa meM manuSya-jIvana kA svataH sAdhya hai| antataH pUrNatAvAdI Atmopalabdhi ko hI mUlya mAnate haiM aura mUlya ke sambandha meM eka vyApaka dRSTikoNa prastuta karate haiN| vastutaH mUlya ke sandarbha meM ye sabhI daSTikoNa kisI sImA taka aikAntikatA evaM avAntara kalpanA ke doSa (Naturalistic Fallacy) se grasita haiN| vAstava meM mUlya eka anaikAntika, vyApaka evaM bahu-AyAmI pratyaya hai, vaha eka vyavasthA hai, eka saMsthAna hai, usameM bhautika aura AdhyAtmika, zreya aura preya, vAMchita aura vAMchanIya, ucca aura nimna, vAsanA aura viveka sabhI samanvita haiM / ve yathArtha aura Adarza kI khAI ke lie eka pula kA kAma karate haiM / ataH unheM kisI aikAntika evaM nirapekSa daSTikoNa ke AdhAra para paribhASita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| malpa eka nahIM, aneka haiM aura mUlya-dRSTiyA~ bhI aneka haiN| ataH pratyeka mUlya kisI dRSTi vizeSa ke prakAza meM hI Alokita hotA hai| vastutaH mUlyoM kI aura mUlya-daSTiyoM kI isa anekavidhatA aura bahuAyAmI prakRti ko samajhe binA mUlyoM kA samyaka mUlyAMkana bhI sambhava nahIM ho sakatA hai| (3) mUlyabodha ko sApekSatA mUlya-bodha meM mAnavIya cetanA ke vividha pahalU eka-dUsare se saMyojita hote haiN| mUlyAMkana karane vAlI cetanA bhI bahuAyAmI hai, usameM jJAna, bhAva aura saMkalpa tInoM hI upasthita rahate haiN| vidvAnoM ne isa bAta ko samyaka prakAra se na samajha kara hI mUlyoM ke svarUpa ko samajhane meM bhUla kI hai| yahA~ hameM do bAtoM ko ThIka prakAra se samajha lenA hogA-eka to yaha ki sabhI mUlyoM kA mUlyAMkana cetanA ke kisI eka hI pakSa ke dvArA sambhava nahIM hai, dUsare yaha ki mAnavIya cetanA ke sabhI pakSa eka-dUsare se pUrNatayA nirapekSa hokara kArya nahIM karate haiM / yadi hama ina bAtoM kI upekSA kareMge to hamArA mUlya-bodha apUrNa evaM ekAMgI hogA / phira bhI mUlya-darzana ke itihAsa meM aisI upekSA kI jAtI rahI hai| erenaphelsa ne mUlya ko icchA (Diz2Ayara) kA viSaya mAnA to mAinAMga ne use bhAvanA (pholiMga) kA viSaya btaayaa| pairI ne use ruci (iMTrasTa) kA viSaya mAnakara mUlyabodha meM icchA aura bhAvanA kA saMyoga mAnA hai| sArale ne use anumodana (eprIsiyezana) kA viSaya mAna kara usameM jJAna aura bhAvanA kA saMyoga mAnA hai| phira bhI ye sabhI vicAraka kisI sImA taka ekAMgitA ke doSa se nahIM baca pAye haiN|

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[ 3 ] mUlya-bodha na to kursI aura mez2a ke jJAna ke samAna taTastha jJAna hai aura na preyasI ke prati prema kI taraha mAtra bhAvAveza hI / vaha mAtra icchA yA ruci kA nirmANa bhI nahIM hai| vaha na to nirA tarka hai aura na nirI bhAvanA yA saMvedanA / mUlyAtmaka cetanA meM iSTatva, sukhadatA athavA icchAtRpti kA vicAra avazya upasthita rahatA hai, kintu yaha icchA-tRpti kA vicAra yA iSTatva kA bodha viveka-rahita na hokara viveka-yukta hotA hai / icchA svayaM meM koI mUlya nahIM, usakI athavA usake viSaya kI mUlyAtmakatA kA nirNaya svayaM icchA nahIM, viveka karatA hai, bhUkha svayaM mUlya nahIM hai, roTI mUlyavAna hai, kintu roTI ko mUlyAtmakatA bhI svayaM roTI para nahIM apitu usakA mUlyAMkana karane vAlI cetanA para tathA kSudhA kI vedanA para nirbhara hai| kisI vastu ke vAMchanIya, aiSaNIya yA mUlyavAn hone kA artha hai-niSpakSa viveka kI A~khoM meM vAMchanIya honaa| mAtra icchA yA mAtra vAsanA apane viSaya ko vAMchanIya yA eSaNoya nahIM banA detI hai, yadi usameM viveka kA yogadAna na ho / mUlya kA janma vAsanA aura viveka tathA yathArtha aura Adarza ke sammilana meM hI hotA hai| vAsanA mUlya ke lie kaccI sAmagrI hai to viveka usakA ruupaakaar| usameM bhoga aura tyAga, tRpti aura nivRtti eka sAtha upasthita rahate haiN| isa sandarbha meM zrI saMgamalAla jo pAMDeya kA mUlyoM kI tyAgarUpatA kA siddhAnta bhI ekAMgI hI lagatA hai| unakA yaha kahanA ki "nivatti hI mUlyasAra hai" ThIka nahIM hai| mUlya meM nivRtti aura saMtuSTi (prakRti ) donoM hI apekSita haiN| unhoMne apane lekha meM nivRtti zabda kA do bhinna arthoM meM prayoga kiyA hai, jo eka bhrAnti ko janma detA hai / kSudhA kI nivRtti yA kAmavega ko nivRtti meM tyAga nahIM bhoga hai| punaH isa nivRtti ko bhI santuSTi kA hI dUsarA rUpa kahA jA sakatA hai| [dekhie-dArzanika traimAsika, julAI 1976] / punazca, yaha mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai ki mUlya-bodha meM viveka yA buddhi hI ekamAtra nirdhAraka tattva hai / mUlya-bodha kI prakriyA meM nizcita hI viveka-buddhi kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, kintu yahI ekamAtra nirdhAraka tattva nahIM hai| mUlya-bodha na to mAtra jaiva-preraNA yA icchA se utpanna hotA hai aura na mAtra viveka buddhi se| mUlya-bodha meM bhAvAtmaka pakSa kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hotA hai, kintu kevala bhAvonmeSa bhI mUlya-bodha nahIM de pAtA hai| DaoN. govindacandrajI pAMDe ke zabdoM meM "yaha (mUlya-bodha) kevalabhAva-saghanatA yA

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/ 4 / icchodvelana na hokara vyakta yA avyakta viveka se Alokita hai, usameM anubhUti kI jIvanta saghanatA aura rAgAtmakatA ( lagAva ) ke sAtha jJAna kI svacchatA aura taTasthatA (alagAva) upasthita milate haiM (muuly-miimaaNsaa)| isa prakAra mUlya-cetanA meM jJAna, bhAva aura icchA tInoM hI upasthita hote haiN| phira bhI yaha vicAraNIya hai ki kyA sabhI prakAra ke mUlyAMkana meM ye sabhI pakSa samAna rUpa se balazAlI rahate haiM ? yadyapi pratyeka mUlya-bodha evaM mUlyAMkana meM jJAna, bhAva aura icchA ke tattva upasthita rahate haiM, phira bhI vividha prakAra ke mUlyoM kA mUlyAMkana yA mUlya-bodha karate samaya inake balAbala meM taratamatA avazya rahatI hai| udAharaNArtha-sauMdarya-bodha meM bhAva yA anubhUtvAtmaka pakSa kA jitanA prAdhAnya hotA hai utanA anya pakSoM kA nhiiN| Arthika evaM jaivika mUlyoM ke bodha meM icchA kI jitanI pradhAnatA hotI hai utanI viveka yA bhAva kI nhiiN| yaha bAta to malya vizeSa kI prakRti para nirbhara hai ki usakA mUlya-bodha karate samaya kaunasA pakSa pradhAna hogaa| itanA hI nahIM, mUlya-bodha meM deza-kAla aura pariveza ke tattva bhI cetanA para apanA prabhAva DAlate haiM aura hamAre mUlyAMkana ko prabhAvita karate haiN| isa prakAra mUlya-bodha eka sahaja prakriyA na hokara eka jaTila prakriya hai aura usakI isa jaTilatA meM hI usakI sApekSatA nihita hai| jo AcAra kisI deza, kAla paristhiti vizeSa meM zubha mAnA jAtA hai vahI dusare deza, kAla aura paristhiti meM azubha mAnA jA sakatA hai| sauMdarya-bodha, rasAnubhati Adi ke mAnadaNDa bhI deza, kAla aura bhakti ke sAtha parivartita hota rahate haiN| Aja sAmAnyajana philmI gAnoM meM jo rasa-bodha pAtA hai vaha use zAstrIya saMgIta meM nahIM milatA hai| isI prakAra ruci-bheda bhI hamAre malya-bodha ko evaM mUlyAMkana ko prabhAvita karatA hai| vastutaH mUlya-bodha kI avasthA cetanA kI niSkriya avasthA nahIM hai| jo vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM ki mUlya-bodha eka prakAra kA sahaja jJAna hai, ve usake svarUpa se hI anabhijJa haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM, rasAnubhUti yA sauMdaryAnubhUti meM aura tatsambandhI malya-bodha meM bhI antara hai| rasAnubhati yA sauMdaryAnubhati meM mAtra bhAvaparaka pakSa kI upasthiti paryApta hotI hai, usameM viveka kA koI tattva upasthita ho hI yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai, kintu tatsambandhI mUlya-bodha meM kisI na kisI viveka kA tattva avazya hI upasthita rahatA hai / mUlya-bodha aura mUlya-lAbha sakriya evaM sRjanAtmaka cetanA ke kArya haiN| mUlya-bodha aura mUlya-lAbha meM mAnavIya cetanA ke vividha pakSoM kA vividha AyAmoM meM eka prakAra kA dvandva calatA hai| vAsanA aura viveka athavA bhAvanA yA viveka ke antardvandva

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[ 5 ] meM hI manuSya mUlya-vizva kA AbhAsa pAtA hai yadyapi mUlyAMkana karane vAlo cetanA malya-bodha meM isa dvandva kA atikramaNa karatI hai| vastutaH isa dvandva meM jo pahala vijayI hotA hai usI ke AdhAra para vyakti kI mUlya-dRSTi banatI hai aura jaisI mUlya-daSTi banatI hai vaisA hI mUlyAMkana yA mUlya-bodha hotA hai| jinameM jijIviSA pradhAna ho, jinakI cetanA ko jaiva preraNAe~ hI anuzAsita karatI hoM, unheM roTI arthAt jIvana kA saMvarddhana hI ekamAtra parama mUlya laga sakatA hai, kintu aneka paristhitiyoM meM viveka ke prabuddha hone para kucha vyaktiyoM ko cAritrika evaM anya ucca mUlyoM kI upalabdhi hetu jIvana kA balidAna hI ekamAtra param mUlya laga sakatA hai| kisI ke lie vAsanAtmaka evaM jaivika mUlya hI parama mUlya ho sakate hoM aura jIvana sarvatobhAvena rakSaNIya mAnA jA sakatA ho, kintu kisI ke lie cAritrika yA naitika mUlya itane ucca ho sakate haiM ki vaha unakI rakSA ke lie jIvana kA balidAna kara de| isa prakAra mUlya-bodha kI vibhinna dRSTiyoM kA nirmANa cetanA ke vividha pahaluoM meM se kisI eka kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa athavA deza-kAla tathA paristhitijanya tattvoM ke kAraNa hotA hai aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa malapa-bodha tathA mUlyAMkana bhI prabhAvita hotA hai / ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki mUlya-bodha bhI kiso somA taka dRSTi-sApekSa hai, kintu isake sAtha hI hameM yaha bhI nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki svayaM dRSTi bhI mUlya-bodha se prabhAvita hotI hai| isa prakAra mUlya-vodha aura manuSya ko jovana-dRSTi paraspara sApekSa haiN| arabana kA yaha kathana ki mUlyAMkana mUlya ko nirdhArita nahIM apitu mUlya hI apanI pUrvavartI vastuniSThatA ke dvArA mUlyAMkana ko prabhAvita karate haiM, AMzika satya hI kahA jA sakatA hai| mUlya na to pUrNatayA vastUtantra hai aura na Atmatantra hii| hamArA mUlya-bodha Atma aura vastu donoM se prabhAvita hotA hai| sauMdarya-bodha meM, kAvya ke rasa-bodha meM AtmaniSThatA aura vastuniSThatA ke ina donoM pakSoM ko spaSTa rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| sauMdarya-bodha athavA kAvya kI rasAnubhUti na pUrI taraha kRtisApekSa hai, na pUrI taraha aatm-saapekss| isa prakAra hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki mUlyAMkana karane vAlI cetanA aura mUlya donoM ho eka-dUsare se nirapekSa nahIM haiM / mUlyAMkana kI prakriyA meM donoM parasparAzrita haiN| eka ora mUlya apanI mUlyavattA ke lie cetana sattA kI apekSA karate haiM dUsarI ora cetana sattA mUlya-bodha ke lie kisI vastu, kRti yA ghaTanA kI apekSA karatI hai| mUlya na to mAtra vastuoM se prakaTa hote haiM aura na mAtra AtmA se| ataH mUlya-bodha ko prakriyA ko samajhAne meM viSayitaMtratA yA vastutaMtratA aikA

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[ 6 ] tika dhAraNAe~ haiM / mUlya kA prakaTokaraNa cetanA aura vastu (yahA~ vastu meM kRti yA ghaTanA antarbhUta haiM) donoM ke saMyoga meM hotA hai / perI sImA taka satya ke nikaTa haiM jaba ve yaha kahate haiM ki mUlya vastu aura vicAra ke aicchika sambandha meM prakaTa hote haiM / ( 4 ) mUlyoM kI taratamatA kA prazna / mUlya-bodha ke sAtha jur3A huA dUsarA sabase mahattvapUrNa prazna hai, mUlyoM ke tAratamya kA bodha / hameM kevala mUlya-bodha nahIM hotA apitu mUlyoM ke uccAvaca krama kA yA unakI taratamatA kA bhI bodha hotA hai / vastutaH hameM mUlya kA nahIM apitu mUlyoM kA, unakI taratumatA sahita, bodha hotA hai / hama kisI bhI mUlya- vizeSa kA bodha mUlya vizva meM ho karate haiM, alaga ekAkI rUpa meM nahIM / ataH kisI mUlya ke bodha ke samaya hI usakI taratamatA kA bhI bodha ho jAtA hai / kintu yaha taratamatA kA bodha bhI dRSTi-nirapekSa nahIM hokara dRSTi sApekSa hotA hai / hama kucha mUlyoM kA ucca mUlya aura kucha mUlyoM ko nimna mUlya kahate haiM kintu mUlyoM kI isa uccAvacatA yA taratamatA kA nirdhAraNa kauna karatA hai ? kyA mUlyoM kI apanI koI aisI vyavasthA hai jisameM nirapekSa rUpa se usako taramatA kA bodha ho jAtA hai ? yadi mUlyoM kI taratamatA kI koI aisI vastuniSTha vyavasthA hotI hai to phira taratamatA sambandhI hamAre vicAroM meM matabheda nahIM hotA / kintu sthiti aisI nahIM hai / ataH spaSTa hai ki mUlyoM kI taratamatA kA bodha bho dRSTi sApekSa hai / bhAratIya paramparA meM dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa kI mUlya-dRSTiyoM kI vividhatA mUlya - -bodha kI sApekSatA ko hI sUcita karatI hai / pazcima meM bhI satya, ziva evaM sundara ke sambandha meM isI prakAra kA dRSTibheda parilakSita hotA hai / kucha loga satya ko parama mUlya mAnate haiM to dUsare kucha loga ziva (kalyANa) ko athavA sundara ko parama mUlya mAnate haiM / bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI zreSThatA athavA kaniSThatA ke sambandha meM bhI jo matabheda haiM ve sabhI dRSTi - sApekSa hI haiN| vastutaH jo kisI eka dRSTi se sarvocca mUlya ho sakatA hai vahI dUsarI dRSTi se nimna mUlya bhI siddha ho sakatA hai / balavattA yA tIvratA kI dRSTi se jahA~ jaivika mUlya sarvocca Thaharate haiM, vahIM viveka evaM saMyama kI dRSTi se AdhyAtmika evaM atijaivika mUlya uccatara mAne jA sakate haiM / punaH, kisI eka hI dRSTi ke AdhAra para mUlyoM ko

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[ 7 ] taratamatA kA nirdhAraNa bhI sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki mUlya aura mUlyadRSTiyA~ bahuAyAmI haiM, ve eka-rekhIya na hokara bahurekhIya haiN| eka mUlya para eka dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra mUlya-bodha aura unakI taratamatA kA bodha dRSTi-sApekSa hai aura dRSTi-cetanA ke vividha pahaluoM ke balAbala para nirbhara karatA hai| pUnaca, cetanA ke vAsanAtmaka aura vivekAmaka pahaluoM meM kaba, kauna, kitanA balazAlI hogA yaha bAta bhI AMzika rUpa se deza-kAla aura paristhitiyoM para nirbhara hogI aura AMzika rUpa se vyakti ke saMskAra aura mUlya-dRSTi para bhii| isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mUlya-bodha mUlya dRSTi para nirbhara karatA hai aura mUlya-dRSTi svayaM mUlya-bodha pr| ve anyonyAzrita haiM, bIja-vakSa nyAya ke samAna unameM se kisI ko pUrvatA-prAthamikatA kA nizcaya kara pAnA kaThina hai / DablyU0 ema0 arabana kA AdhyAtmika mUlyavAda aura bhAratIya mUlya darzana ___ arabana' ke anusAra mUlyAMkana eka nirNayAtmaka prakriyA hai, jisameM sat ke prati prAthamika vizvAsoM ke jJAna kA tattva bhI hotA hai| isake sAtha hI usameM bhAvAtmaka tathA saMkalpAtmaka anukriyA bhI hai| mUlyAMkana saMkalpAtmaka prakriyA kA bhAvapakSa hai| arabana mUlyAMkana kI prakriyA meM jJAnapakSa ke sAtha-sAtha bhAvanA evaM saMkalpa kI upasthiti bhI Avazyaka mAnate haiM / mUlyAMkana meM nirantaratA kA tattva unakI prAmANikatA kA AdhAra hai / jitano adhika nirantaratA hogI utanA hI adhika vaha prAmANika hogaa| mUlyAMkana aura mUlya meM antara spaSTa karate hae arabana kahate haiM ki mUlyAMkana mUlya ko nirdhArita nahIM karatA, varan mUlya hI apanI pUrvavartI vastuniSThatA ke dvArA mUlyAMkana ko nirdhArita karate haiN| arabana ke anusAra mUlya na koI guNa hai, na vastu aura na sambandha / vastutaH mUlya aparibhASya hai tathApi usakI prakRti ko usake sattA se sambandha ke AdhAra para jAnA jA sakatA hai| vaha sattA aura asattA ke madhya sthita hai| arabana minAMga ke samAna use vastuniSTha kahatA hai, kintu usakA artha honA cAhie' (Ought to be ) meM hai| mUlya sadaiva astitva kA dAvA karate haiM, unakA sat honA isI para nirbhara hai ki sat ko hI mUlya ke usa rUpa meM vivecita kiyA jAye, jisameM sattA aura astitva bhI ho| mUlya kI vastuniSThatA ke do AdhAra haiM-prathama yaha ki pratyeka vastu 1. dekhie-kaNTemparari ethikala thyorIja, adhyAya 17, pR0 274-284.

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[ 8 ] viSaya mUlya kI vidhA meM AtA hai aura dUsare pratyeka mUlya ucca aura nimna ke krama se sthita hai| arabana ke anusAra mUlyoM kI anubhUti unakI kisI krama meM anubhUti hai, yaha binA mUlyoM meM pUrvAparatA mAne, kevala manovaijJAnika avasthA para nirbhara nahIM ho sktii| isa prakAra mUlya eka dUsare kI apekSA rakhate haiN| mUlya kI sAmAnya carcA ke bAda arabana naitika mUlya para Ate haiN| arabana ke anusAra netika dRSTi se mUlyavAna hone kA artha hai manuSya ke lie mUlyavAna honaa| naitika zubhatva mAnavIya mUlyAMkana ke siddhAnta para nirbhara hai| mAnavIya mUlyAMkana ke siddhAnta ko kucha logoM ne AkArika niyamoM kI vyavasthA ke rUpa meM aura kucha logoM ne sukha kI gaNanA ke rUpa meM dekhA thA, lekina arabana ke anusAra mAnavIya mUlyAMkana ke siddhAnta kA tIsarA ekamAtra sambhAvita vikalpa hai 'aatmsaakssaatkaar'| AtmasAkSAtkAra ke siddhAnta ke samarthana meM arabana arastU kI taraha hI tarka prastuta karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki vastuoM kA zabhatva unakI kAryakuzalatA meM hai, aMgoM kA zubhatva jIvana meM unake yogadAna meM hai aura jIvana kA zubhatva AtmapUrNatA meM hai| manuSya 'Atma' (Self) hai aura yadi yaha satya hai to phira mAnava kA vAstavika zubha usakI AtmaparipUrNatA meM hI nihita hai| arabana kI yaha dRSTi bhAratIya paramparA ke ati nikaTa hai jo yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki AtmapUrNatA ho naitika jIvana kA lakSya hai| ___ arabana ke anusAra 'Atma' sAmAjika jIvana se alaga koI vyakti nahI hai, varan vaha to sAmAjika maryAdAoM meM ba~dhA huA hai aura samAja ko apane mUlyAMkana se aura apane ko sAmAjika mUlyAMkana se prabhAvita pAtA hai| arabana ke anusAra svahita ora parahita kI samasyA kA saho samAdhAna na to pariSkArita svahitavAda meM hai aura na bauddhika parahitavAda meM hai, varan sAmAnya zubha kI upalabdhi ke rUpa meM svahita aura parahita se Upara uTha jAne meM hai| yaha dRSTikoNa bhAratIya paramparA meM bhI ThIka isI rUpa meM svIkRta rahA hai| jaina paramparA bhI svahita aura lokahita kI sImAoM se Upara uTha jAnA hI naitika jIvana kA lakSya mAnatI hai| arabana isa samasyA kA samAdhAna bhI prastuta karate haiM ki mUlyAMkana karanevAlI mAnavIya cetanA ke dvArA yaha kaise jAnA jAya ki kauna se mUlya ucca koTi ke haiM aura kauna se mUlya nimna koTi ke ? arabana isake tIna siddhAnta batAte haiM

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[9] pahalA siddhAnta yaha hai ki sAdhyAtmaka yA Antarika mUlya sAdhanAtmaka yA bAhya mUlyoM kI apekSA ucca hai / dUsarA siddhAnta yaha ki sthAyI mUlya asthAyI mUlyoM kI apekSA ucca hai aura tIsarA siddhAnta yaha hai ki utpAdaka mUlya anutpAdaka mUlyoM kI apekSA ucca hai / arabana inheM vyAvahArika viveka ke siddhAnta yA mUlya ke niyama kahate haiN| ye hameM batAte haiM ki AMgika mUlya jinameM Arthika, zArIrika aura manoraMjanAtmaka mUlya samAhita haiM, kI apekSA sAmAjika mUlya jinameM sAhacarya aura cAritra ke mUlya bhI samAhita haiM, ucca prakAra ke haiM / usI prakAra sAmAjika mUlyoM kI apekSA AdhyAtmika mUlya, jinameM bauddhika, saundaryAtmaka aura dhArmika mUlya bhI samAhita haiM, ucca prakAra ke haiM / I arabana kI dRSTi meM mUlyoM kI isI krama vyavasthA ke AdhAra para AtmasAkSAtkAra ke stara haiM / AtmasAkSAtkAra ke lie prasthita AtmA kI pUrNatA usa stara para hai, jise mUlyAMkana karanevAlI cetanA sarvocca mUlya samajhatI hai aura sarvocca mUlya vaha hai jo anubhUti kI pUrNatA meM tathA jIvana ke samyak saMcAlana meM sabase adhika yogadAna karatA hai / jaina dRSTi meM ise hama vItarAgatA aura sarvajJatA kI avasthA kaha sakate haiM / eka anya AdhyAtmika mUlyavAdI vicAraka DablyU0 Ara0 bArlI jaina paramparA ke nikaTa Akara yaha kahate haiM ki naitika pUrNatA Izvara ke samAna banane meM hai / kintu kucha bhAratIya paramparAyeM to isase bhI Age bar3hakara yaha kahatI haiM ki naitika pUrNatA paramAtmA hone meM hai / AtmA se paramAtmA, jIva se jina, sAdhaka se siddha, apUrNa se pUrNa kI upalabdhi meM hI naitika jIvana ko sArthakatA hai / aravana kI mUlyoM kI kama vyavasthA bhI bhAratIya paramparA ke dRSTikoNa ke nikaTa hI hai| jaina evaM anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI artha, kAma, dharma aura mokSa purupArtho meM yahI krama svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / arbana ke Arthika mUlya artha puruSArtha ke, zArIrika evaM manoraMjanAtmaka mUlya kAmapuruSArtha ke sAhacaryAtmaka aura cAritrika mulya dharmapuruSArthaM ke tathA saundaryAtmaka, jJAnAtmaka aura dhArmika mUlya mokSapuruSArtha ke tulya haiM / 1 bhAratIya darzanoM meM jIvana ke cAra mUlya jisa prakAra pAzcAtya AcAradarzana meM mUlyavAda kA siddhAnta lokamAnya hai usI prakAra bhAratIya naitika cintana meM puruSArtha siddhAnta, jo ki

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[10] jIvanamUlyoM kA hI siddhAnta hai, paryApta lokapriya rahA hai / bhAratIya vicArakoM ne jIvana ke cAra puruSArtha yA mUlya mAne haiM - 1. artha (Arthika mUlya) - jIvana yAtrA ke nirvAha ke lie bhojana, vastra, AvAsa Adi kI AvazyakatA hotI hai; ataH daihika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karane vAle ina sAdhanoM ko upalabdha karanA hI arthapuruSArtha hai / 2. kAma (manodaihika mUlya ) - jaivika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke sAdhana juTAnA arthapuruSArtha aura una sAdhanoM kA upabhoga karanA kAmapuruSArtha hai / dUsare zabdoM meM vividha iMdriyoM ke viSayoM kA bhoga kAmapuruSArtha hai / 3. dharma (naitika mUlya ) - jina niyamoM ke dvArA sAmAjika jIvana yA lokavyavahAra sucAru rUpa se cale, sva-para kalyANa ho aura jo vyakti ko AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI dizA meM le jAye, vaha dharmapuruSArtha hai / 4. mokSa (AdhyAtmika mUlya) - AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM kA pUrNa prakaTIkaraNa mokSa hai | (a) jena dRSTi meM puruSArthacatuSTaya sAmAnyatayA yaha samajhA jAtA hai nivRttipradhAna jaina darzana meM mokSa hI ekamAtra puruSArtha hai / dharmapuruSArtha kI svIkRti usake mokSAnukUla hone meM hI hai / artha aura kAma ina do puruSArthoM kA usameM koI sthAna nahIM hai / jaina- vicArakoM ke anusAra artha anartha kA mUla hai, ' sabhI kAma duHkha utpanna karanevAle haiN| lekina yaha vicAra ekAMgI hI mAnA jAyegA / koI bhI jinavacana ekAnta yA nirapekSa nahIM hai / jaina vicArakoM ne sadaiva hI vyakti ko svapuruSArtha se dhanopArjana kI preraNA dI hai / ve yaha mAnate haiM ki vyakti ko kevala apane puruSArtha se upArjita sampatti ke bhoga karane kA adhikAra hai / dUsaroM ke dvArA upArjita sampatti ke bhoga karane kA use koI adhikAra nahIM hai / gautamakulaka meM kahA gayA hai ki pitA ke dvArA upArjita lakSmI nizcaya hI putra ke lie bahana hotI hai aura dUsaroM kI lakSmI parastrI ke samAna hotI hai / donoM kA hI bhoga varjita hai / ataH svayaM apane puruSArthaM se dhana kA upArjana karake hI usakA bhoga karanA nyAyasaMgata hai / 1. maraNasamAdhi, 603. 2. uttarAdhyayana, 13/16 3. prAkRta sUktisaroja, 11 / 11.

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[ 11 ] jainAcAryoM ne vibhinna varNa ke logoM ko kina-kina sAdhanoM se dhanArjana karanA cAhie, isakA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai / brAhmaNoM ko mukha ( vidyA ) se, kSatriyoM ko asi ( rakSaNa) se, vaNikoM ko vANijya se aura karmazIla vyaktiyoM ko zilpAdi karma se dhanArjana karanA cAhie, kyoMki inhIM kI sAdhanA meM unakI lakSmI kA nivAsa hai / ' yadyapi yaha sahI hai ki mokSa yA nirvANa kI upalabdhi meM jo artha aura kAma bAdhaka haiM, ve jainadRSTi ke anusAra anAvaraNIya evaM heya haiM / lekina darzana yaha kabhI nahIM kahatA ki artha aura kAma puruSArthaM ekAnta rUpa se heya haiM / yadi ve ekAnta rUpa se heya hote to Adi tIrthakara bhagavAn RSabhadeva striyoM kI 64 aura puruSoM kI 72 kalAoM kA vidhAna kaise karate ? kyoMki unameM adhikAMza kalAe~. artha aura kAma puruSArtha se sambandhita haiM / nyAyapUrvaka upArjita artha aura vaivAhika maryAdAnukUla kAma kA jaina vicAraNA meM samucita sthAna hai / jaina vicArakoM ne jisake tyAga para bala diyA hai vaha indriya-viSayoM kA bhoga nahIM, bhogoM ke prati Asakti yA rAga-dveSa kI vRtti hai / jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra karma vipAka se upalabdha bhogoM se bacA nahIM jA sakatA / indriyoM ke sammukha unake viSaya upasthita hone para unake AsvAda se bhI bacanA sambhava nahIM hai, jo sambhava hai vaha yaha ki unameM rAga-dveSa kI vRtti na rakhI jAye / itanA hI nahIM, jainAcAryoM ne jIvana ke vAsanAtmaka evaM saundaryA - tmaka pakSa ko dharmonmukhI banAne tathA unake pArasparika virodha ko samApta karane kA bhI prayAsa kiyA hai / unake anusAra mokSAbhimukha paraspara avirodha meM rahe hue sabhI puruSArtha AcaraNIya haiN| AcArya hemacandra kahate haiM ki gRhastha upAsaka dharmapuruSArtha aura kAmapuruSArtha kA isa prakAra AcaraNa kare ki koI kisI kA bAdhaka na ho / bhadrabAhu ( pA~cavI zatI) ne to AcArya hemacandra ( 11vIM zatAbdI ) ke pUrva hI yaha udghoSaNA kara dI thI ki jaina paramparA meM to puruSArthacatuSTaya avirodha rahate haiM / AcArya bar3e hI spaSTa evaM mArmika zabdoM meM likhate haiM ki dharma, artha aura kAma ko bhale hI anya koI vicAraka paraspara virodhI mAnate hoM, kintu jinavANI ke anusAra to ve kuzala anuSThAna meM avatarita hone ke kAraNa paraspara asapatna ( avirodhI ) haiM / apanI-apanI 1. prAkRta sUkti- saroja, 11 / 7. 2. dekhie - kalpasUtra, 3. yogazAstra, 1152.

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[ 12 ] bhUmikA ke yogya vihita anuSThAna rUpa dharma, svacchAzaya prayukta artha aura visrambhayukta arthAt maryAdAnukUla vaivAhika niyantraNa se svIkRta kAma, jinavANI ke anusAra, paraspara avirodhI haiN| ye puruSArtha paraspara avirodhI tabhI hote haiM jaba ve mokSAbhimukha hote haiM aura jaba ve mokSAbhimukha hokara paraspara avirodha kI sthiti meM hoM, asapatna hoM, to ve samyak hote haiM, isalie AcaraNIya hote haiN| kintu jaba mokSa mArga se vimukha hokara puruSArtha-catuSTaya paraspara virodha meM yA nirapekSa hote haiM, taba ve asamyak yA anucita evaM anAcaraNIya hote haiM / (ba) bauddha darzana meM puruSArtha catuSTaya bhagavAn buddha yadyapi nivRtti mArgI zramaNa paramparA ke anugAmI haiM, tathApi unake vicAroM meM artha evaM kAma puruSArtha ke sambandha meM bhI dizAbodha upalabdha hai| dIghanikAya meM artha kI upalabdhi ke lie zrama karate rahane kA sandeza upalabdha hotA hai| buddha kahate haiM, Aja bahuta sardI hai, Aja bahuta garmI hai, aba to sandhyA ( dera ) ho gayI, isa prakAra zrama se dUra bhAgatA huA manuSya dhanahIna ho jAtA hai| kintu jo sardI-garmI Adi ko sahakara kaThora parizrama karatA hai, vaha kabhI sukha se vaMcita nahIM hotA jaise prayatnavAna rahane se madhumakkhI kA chattA bar3hatA hai, cIMTI kA vAlmIka bar3hatA hai, vaise hI prayatnazIla manuSya kA aizvarya bar3hatA hai| itanA ho nahIM, prApta sampadA kA upayoga kisa prakAra ho, isa sambandha meM bho buddha kA nirdeza hai ki sadgRhastha prApta dhana ke eka bhAga kA upabhoga kare, do bhAgoM ko vyApAra Adi kAryakSetra meM lagAye aura cauthe bhAga ko Apatti kAla meM kAma Ane ke lie surakSita rakha chodd'e| Aja kA pragatizIla arthazAstrI bhI Arthika pragati ke lie isase acche sUtra prastuta nahIM kara sktaa| buddha kevala arthazAstrI ke rUpa meM hI nahIM, varan eka sAmAjika arthazAstra ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane Ate haiN| ve isa bAre meM bhI pUrNa satarka haiM ki yadi samAja meM dhana kA samucita vitaraNa nahIM hogA to arAjakatA aura asurakSA utpanna hogii| ve kahate haiM, nirdhanoM ko dhana nahIM diye jAne 1. dazavakAlika niyukti, 262-264. 2. dIghanikAya, 3 / 8 / 2. 3. vahI, 3 / 8 / 4. 4. vahI, 38 / 4.

Page #15
[13] se daridratA bahuta bar3ha gayI aura daridratA ke bahuta bar3ha jAne se corI bahuta bar3ha gayI / " corI ke bahuta bar3hane kA artha dhana kI asurakSA hai / isake pIche buddha kA nirdeza yahI hai ki samAja meM dhana kA samavitaraNa honA cAhie tAki samAja kA koI bhI varga abhAva se pIr3ita na ho / buddha kI dRSTi meM artha ko kabhI bhI dharma se vimukha nahIM honA cAhie, ve dharmayukta vyavasAya meM niyojita hone kA hI nirdeza dete haiM / jo jIvana meM dhana kA dAna evaM bhoga ke rUpa meM samucita upayoga nahIM karatA, usakA dhana nirarthaka hai, kyoMki maranevAle ke pIche usakA dhana Adi nahIM jAtA hai aura na dhana se jarAmaraNa se hI chuTakArA mila sakatA hai / kAmapuruSArtha ke sambandha meM buddha kA dRSTikoNa madhyama mArga kA pratipAdana karatA hai / udAna meM buddha kahate haiM, "brahmacarya jIvana ke sAtha vratoM kA pAlana karanA ho sAra hai, yaha eka anta hai / kAmabhogoM ke sevana meM koI doSa nahIM, yaha dUsarA anta hai / ina donoM antoM ke sevana se saMskAroM ko vRddhi hotI hai, mithyAdhAraNA bar3hatI hai, vyakti mArga se bhraSTa ho jAtA hai / "" isa AdhAra para kAmapuruSArtha ke sambandha meM buddha kA dRSTikoNa yahI pratIta hotA hai ki jo kAma dharma aviruddha hai, jisase AdhyAtmika pragati yA citta kI vikalatA samApta hotI hai; vaha kAma AcaraNIya hai / isake viparIta dharmaviruddha mAnasika azAntikAraka kAma yA viSayabhoga anAcaraNIya hai / buddha kI dRSTi meM bhI jaina vicAra ke samAna dharmapuruSArtha nirvANa yA mokSapuruSArthaM kA sAdhana hai / majjhimanikAya meM buddha kahate haiM, "bhikSuoM maiMne ber3e kI bhA~ti pAra jAne ke lie ( nirvANalAbha ke lie ) tumheM dharma kA upadeza diyA hai, pakar3a rakhane ke lie nahIM / " arthAt nirvANa kI dizA meM le jAnevAlA dharma hI AcaraNIya hai / buddha kI dRSTi meM jo dharma nirvANa kI dizA meM nahIM le jAtA, jisase nirvANalAbha meM bAdhA AtI ho vaha tyAga dene yogya hai / itanA hI nahIM, buddha dharma ko eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM aura sAdhya kI upalabdhi ke lie use bhI chor3a dene kA sandeza dete haiM / unakI dRSTi meM paramamUlya to nirvANa hI hai / 1. dIghanikAya, 3 / 3 / 4. 2. suttanipAta, 26 / 29. 3. majjhimanikAya, 2032 / 4. 4. udAna, jAtyandhavarga, 8. 5. majjhimanikAya, 1122/4.

Page #16
/ 14 / gItA meM puruSArtha catuSTaya puruSArthacatuSTaya ke sambandha meM gItA kA dRSTikoNa jaina paramparA se bhinna nahIM hai| gItA kI dRSTi meM bhI mokSa hI parama puruSArtha hai| vahI parama mUlya hai| dharma, artha aura kAma puruSArtha sambandhI dhRti ko gItAkAra ne rAjasI kahA hai / lekina yaha mAnanA bhI bhrAntipUrNa hogA ki gItA meM ina puruSArthoM kA koI sthAna nahIM hai| gItAkAra jaba kAma kI nindA karatA hai,2 dharma ko chor3ane kI bAta karatA hai, to mokSapuruSArtha yA paramAtmA kI prApti kI apekSA se hI / mokSa hI paramAdhya hai; dharma, artha aura kAma kA mokSa ke nimitta parityAga kiyA jA sakatA hai| gItAkAra kI dRSTi meM bhI yadi dharma, artha aura kAma mokSa ke avirodhI haiM to ve grAhya haiN| gItAkAra kI mAnyatA bhI yahI pratIta hotI hai ki artha aura kAma ko dharmAdhIna honA cAhie aura dharma ko mokSAbhimukha honA cAhie / dharmayukta, yajJa (tyAga) pUrvaka evaM varNAnusAra kiyA gayA AjIvikopArjana gItA ke anusAra vihita hI hai| yadyapi dhana kI cintA meM DUbe rahanevAle aura dhana kA tathA dhana ke dvArA kiye gaye dAna-puNyAdi kA abhimAna karanevAle ko gItA meM ajJAnI kahA gayA hai tathApi isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki na to dhana ko ekamAtra sAdhya banA lenA cAhie aura na usakA tathA usake dvArA kiye gaye satkAryoM kA abhimAna hI karanA caahie| isI prakAra kAmapuruSArtha ke sambandha meM gItA kA dRSTikoNa yahI hai ki use dharma-aviruddha honA caahie| zrIkRSNa kahate haiM ki prANiyoM meM dharma-aviruddha kAma maiM huuN| sabhI bhogoM se vimukha hone kI apekSA gItAkAra kI dRSTi meM yahI ucita hai ki unameM Asakti kA tyAga kiyA jaaye| vastutaH yaha dRSTikoNa bhogoM ko mokSa ke avirodha meM rakhane kA prayAsa hai| isI prakAra gItA jaba yaha kahatI hai ki binA yajJa ke jo bhoga karatA hai, vaha cora hai, to usakA pramukha dRSTikoNa kAmapuruSArtha ko dharmAbhimukha banAne kA hI hai / 6 . isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina, bauddha aura gItA kI vicAradhArAoM 1. gItA, 18 / 34. 2. vahI, 16 / 21. 3. vahI, 18 / 66. 4. vahI, 16 / 10, 12, 15. 5. vahI, 7 / 11. 6. vahI, 3 / 13.

Page #17
[ 15 ] meM cAroM puruSArtha svIkRta haiM, yadyapi sabhI ne isa bAta para bala diyA hai ki artha aura kAma puruSArtha ko dharma-aviruddha honA cAhie aura dharma ko sadaiva hI mokSAbhimukha honA cAhie / vastutaH yaha dRSTikoNa na kevala jaina, bauddha aura gItA kI paramparAoM kA hai, varan samagra bhAratIya cintana kI isa sandarbha meM yahI dRSTi hai| manu kahate haiM ki dharma-vihIna artha aura kAma ko chor3a denA caahie|' mahAbhArata meM bhI kahA hai ki jo artha aura kAma dharma-virodhI hoM, unheM chor3a denA cAhie / 2 kauTilya apane arthazAstra meM aura vAtsyAyana apane kAmasUtra meM likhate haiM ki dharma aura artha se avirodha meM rahe hue kAma kA hI sevana karanA cAhie / __isa prakAra bhAratIya cintakoM kA prayAsa yahI rahA hai ki cAroM puruSArthoM ko isa prakAra saMyojita kiyA jAye ki ve paraspara sApekSa hokara avirodha kI avasthA meM rheN| isa hetu unhoMne unakA pArasparika sambandha nizcita karane kA prayAsa bhI kiyA / kauna sA puruSArtha sarvocca mUlyavAlA hai' isa sambandha meM mahAbhArata meM gaharAI se vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura isake phalasvarUpa vibhinna dRSTikoNa sAmane bhI Aye 1. artha hI parama puruSArtha hai, kyoMki dharma aura kAma donoM artha ke hone para upalabdha hote haiN| dhana ke abhAva meM na to kAma-bhoga hI prApta hote haiM, aura na dAna-puNyAdi dharma hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| kauTilya ne bhI arthazAstra meM isI dRSTikoNa ko pratipAdita kiyA hai|5|| 2. kAma hI parama puruSArtha hai, kyoMki viSayoM kI icchA yA kAma ke abhAva meM na to koI dhana prApta karanA cAhatA hai, aura na koI dharma karanA cAhatA hai / kAma ho artha aura dharma se zreSTha hai| jaise dahI kA sAra makkhana hai, vaise hI artha aura dharma kA sAra kAma hai|" 3. artha, kAma aura dharma tInoM hI svatantra puruSArtha haiM, tInoM kA samAna 1. manusmRti, 4 / 176. 2. mahAbhArata, anuzAsanaparva, za18-19. 3. kauTilIya arthazAstra, 1 / 17. 4. mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 167 / 12-13. 5. kauTilIya arthazAstra, 117. 6. mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 167 / 29. 7. vahI, 167 / 35.

Page #18
[ 16 ] rUpa se sevana karanA caahie| jo eka kA sevana karatA hai vaha adhama hai, jo do ke sevana meM nipuNa hai vaha madhyama hai aura jo ina tInoM meM samAna rUpa se anurakta hai, vahI manuSya uttama hai|' 4. dharma hI zreSTha gaNa ( puruSArtha ) hai, artha madhyama hai aura kAma sabakI apekSA nimna hai| kyoMki dharma se hI mokSa kI upalabdhi hotI hai, dharma para hI loka-vyavasthA AdhArita hai aura dharma meM hI artha samAhita hai / 5. mokSa hI parama puruSArtha hai| mokSa upAya ke rUpa meM jJAna aura anAsakti yahI parama kalyANakAraka hai 3 cAroM puruSArthoM kI tulanA evaM kramanirdhAraNa puruSArthacatuSTaya ke sambandha meM uparyukta vibhinna dRSTikoNa paraspara virodhI pratIta hote haiM, lekina sApekSika dRSTi se inameM virodha nahIM raha jAtA hai| sAdhana kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para artha hI pradhAna pratIta hai, kyoMki arthAbhAva meM daihika mA~goM ( kAma ) kI pUrti nahIM hotii| dUsarI ora, loka ke arthAbhAva se pIr3ita hone para dharmavyavasthA yA nIti bhI samApta ho jAtI hai| kahA ho gayA hai-bhUkhA kauna sA pApa nahIM karatA ? yadi sAdhaka ( vyakti ) kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to daihika mUlya ( kAma ) hI pradhAna pratIta hotA hai / manodaihika mUlyoM ( icchA evaM kAma ) ke abhAva meM na to nIti-anIti kA prazna khar3A hotA hai aura na Arthika sAdhanoM kI ho koI aavshyktaa| dUsare, dharmasAdhana aura AdhyAtmika pragati bhI zarIra se sambandhita hai| kahA gayA hai-dharmasAdhana ke lie zarIra hI prAthamika hai|" daihika mA~goM kI pUrti ke abhAva meM citta-zAnti bhI kaise hogI aura jinakA citta azAnta hai vaha kyA AdhyAtmika vikAsa karegA? __ isI prakAra jaba hama sAdhanAmArga para sAmAjika sandarbha meM vicAra karate haiM, to dharma hI pradhAna pratIta hotA hai| dharma hI sAmAjika vyavasthA 1. mahAbhArata zAntiparva, 167 / 40, 2. vahI, 167 / 8. 3. vahI, 167 / 46. 4. bubhukSitaH kiM na karoti pApam ? 5. zarIramAdyaM khalu dharmasAdhanam /

Page #19
[ 17 ] kA AdhAra hai| dharma ke abhAva meM sAmAjika jIvana astavyasta ho jAtA hai aura astavyasta sAmAjika jIvana meM arthotpAdana evaM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA donoM ho sambhava nahIM hotii| bhogoM kI samarasatA samApta ho jAtI hai| sAdhya yA Adeza kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para mokSa hI pradhAna pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki sAre prayAsa jisake lie haiM vaha to AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI prApti hI hai| saMkSepa meM sAdhanAtmaka dRSTi se Arthika mUlya ( artha, ) jaivika dRSTi se manodaihika mUlya ( kAma ), sAmAjika dRSTi se naitika mUlya (dharma) aura sAdhyAtmaka dRSTi se AdhyAtmika mUlya (mokSa) pramukha haiN| ___lekina ye sabhI mUlya yA puruSArtha eka-dUsare se svatantra yA nirapekSa hokara nahIM raha skte| mokSa yA AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI prApti ke lie dharma Avazyaka hai aura dharmasAdhanA ke lie zarIra Avazyaka hai, zarIra ke nirvAha ke lie zArIrika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti (kAma) Avazyaka hai, aura unakI pUrti ke lie sAdhana ( artha ) juTAnA Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra sabhI paraspara sApekSa haiM aura sabhI Avazyaka bhI haiN| jaina grantha nizIthabhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki jJAnAdi mokSa ke sAdhana haiM aura jJAnAdi kA sAdhana deha hai aura deha kA sAdhana AhAra hai|' isa prakAra cAroM puruSArthoM kA mahattva svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai, tathApi sabhI kA mUlya samAna nahIM mAnA gayA hai| jaina vicArakoM ke anusAra cAroM puruSArthoM meM eka sAdhya-sAdhana bhAva hai jisameM artha mAtra sAdhana hai aura mokSa mAtra sAdhya hai| kAma artha kI apekSA se sAdhya aura dharma kI apekSA se sAdhana hai| dharma ko artha aura kAma kA sAdhya aura mokSa kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| jaba sAdhana hI sAdhya bana jAtA hai vaha dUsare ke virodha meM khar3A ho jAtA hai aura jIvana ke vikAsa ko avaruddha karatA hai| jainAgama sAhitya meM mammana seTha kI kathA artha ko sAdhya mAna lene kA sabase acchA udAharaNa hai, jisase prakaTa hai ki jaba 'dhana' sAdhya bana jAtA hai to vaha aihika aura pAralaukika donoM jIvana meM kaSTa hI lAtA hai| isI Azaya ko sAmane rakhate hue uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki 'dhana' meM pramatta puruSa kA dhana arthAt usa vyakti kA dhana jisake lie dhana hI sAdhya hai na to isa loka meM aura na paraloka meM hI aise AdamI kI rakSA kara sakatA 1. nizIthabhASya, 4791.

Page #20
[ 18 ] hai| dhana ke asIma moha se mUr3ha banA huA vaha vyakti, dIpaka ke bujha jAne para jaise mArga ko jAnate hue bhI mArga nahIM dekhatA, vaise hI vaha bhI nyAyamArga yA dharmamArga ko jAnate hue bhI use nahIM dekha paataa| jaise eka hI nagara ko jAnevAle bhinna-bhinna mArga paraspara bhinna dizAoM meM sthita hote hue bhI paraspara virodhI nahIM kahe jAte, usI prakAra paraspara virodhI puruSArtha mokSAbhimukha hone para asapatna ( avirodhI ) bana jAte haiN| yahIM unameM eka mUlyAtmaka tAratamya spaSTa ho jAtA hai, jisameM sarvocca sthAna mokSa kA hai, usake bAda dharma kA sthAna hai| dharma ke bAda kAma aura sabase anta meM artha kA sthAna AtA hai| kintu arthapuruSArtha jaba lokopakAra ke lie hotA hai, taba usakA sthAna kAmapuruSArtha se Upara hotA hai / pAzcAtya vicAraka arabana ne mUlya-nirdhAraNa ke tIna niyama prastuta kiye haiM-(1) sAdhanAtmaka yA parataH mUlyoM kI apekSA sAdhyAtmaka yA svataH mUlya uccatara haiM; (2) asthAyI yA alpakAlika mUlyoM kI apekSA sthAyI evaM dIrghakAlika mUlya uccatara hai; (3) asRjaka mUlyoM kI apekSA sRjaka malya uccatarahai / yadi prathama niyama ke AdhAra para vicAra kareM, to dhana, sampatti, zrama, Adi Arthika mUlya jaivika, sAmAjika aura dhArmika ( kAma aura dharma) mUlyoM kI pUrti ke sAdhanamAtra haiM, ve svataH sAdhya nahIM haiM / bhAratIya cintana meM dhana kI tIna gatiyA~ mAnI gayI haiM-(1) dAna, (2) bhoga aura (3) nAza / vaha dAna ke rUpa meM dharmapuruSArtha kA aura bhoga ke rUpa meM kAmapuruSArtha kA sAdhana siddha hotA hai| kAmapuruSArtha sAmAnya rUpa meM svataH sAdhya pratIta hotA hai, lekina vicArapUrvaka dekhane para vaha bhI svataH sAdhya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| prathamataH jaivika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke rUpa meM jo bhoga kiye jAte haiM, ve svayaM sAdhya nahIM, varan jIvana yA zarIra-rakSaNa ke sAdhanamAtra haiN| ina sabakA sAdhya svAsthya evaM jIvana hai| hama jIne ke lie khAte haiM, khAne ke lie nahIM jIte haiN| yadi hama kAmapuruSArtha ko kalA, dAmpatya, rati yA sneha ke rUpa meM mAneM to vaha bhI Ananda kA eka sAdhana hI ThaharatA hai| isa prakAra kAmapuruSArtha kA bhI svataH mUlya siddha nahIM hotaa| usakA jo bhI sthAna ho sakatA hai vaha mAtra usake dvArA vyakti ke Ananda meM kI gayI abhivRddhi para nirbhara karatA hai| yadi alpakAlikatA yA sthAyitva kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to kAmapuruSArtha mokSa 1. phaNDAmeNTala Apha ethiksa, pR0 170-171.

Page #21
evaM dharma kI apekSA alpakAlika hI hai / bhAratIya vicArakoM ne kAmapuruSArtha ko nimna sthAna usakI kSaNikatA ke AdhAra para hI diyA hai| tIsare apane phala yA pariNAma ke AdhAra para bhI kAma-puruSArtha nimna sthAna para ThaharatA hai, kyoMki vaha apane pIche duSpUra-tRSNA ko chor3a jAtA hai| usase upalabdha honevAle Ananda kI tulanA khujalI khujAne se kI gayI hai, jisakI phalaniSpatti kSaNika sukha ke bAda tIvra vedanA meM hotI hai| dharmapuruSArtha sAmAjika dhArmika mUlya ke rUpa meM svataH sAdhya hai, lekina vaha bhI mokSa kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai jo sarvocca mUlya hai| isa prakAra arabana ke uparyukta mUlya nirdhAraNa ke niyamoM ke AdhAra para bhI artha, kAma, dharma aura mokSa puruSArthoM kA yahI krama siddha hotA hai jo ki jaina aura dUsare bhAratIya AcAra-darzanoM meM svIkRta hai, jisameM artha sabase nimna mUlya hai aura mokSa bharvocca mUlya hai| mokSa sarvocca mUlya kyoM ? isa sambandha meM ye tarka diye jA sakate haiM 1. manovaijJAnika dRSTi se jIvamAtra kI pravRtti duHkha-nivRtti kI ora hai| kyoMki mokSa duHkha kI Atyantika nivRtti hai; ataH vaha sarvocca mUlya hai| isI prakAra Ananda kI upalabdhi bhI prANImAtra kA lakSya hai, cUMki mokSa parama Ananda kI avasthA hai, ataH vaha sarvocca mUlya hai| 2. mUlyoM kI vyavasthA meM sAdhya sAdhaka kI dRSTi se eka krama honA cAhie aura usa krama meM koI sarvocca evaM nirapekSa mUlya honA cAhie / mokSa pUrNa evaM nirapekSa sthiti hai| ataH vaha sarvocca mUlya hai / mUlya vaha hai jo kisI icchA kI pUrti kre| ataH jisake prApta ho jAne para koI icchA hI nahIM rahatI hai, vahI parama mUlya hai| mokSa meM koI apUrNa icchA nahIM rahatI hai, ataH vaha parama mUlya hai| 3. sabhI sAdhana kisI sAdhya ke lie hote haiM aura sAdhya kI upasthiti apUrNatA kI sUcaka hai| mokSa kI prApti ke pazcAt koI sAdhya nahIM rahatA, isalie vaha parama mUlya hai| yadi hama kisI anya mUlya ko svIkAra kareMge to vaha sAdhana-mUlya hI hogA aura sAdhana-mUlya ko parama mUlya mAnane para naitikatA meM sArvalaukikatA evaM vastuniSThatA samApta ho jaayegii| 4. mokSa akSara evaM amRtapada hai, ataH sthAyo mUlyoM meM vaha sarvocca mUlya hai|

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[20] 5. mokSa Antarika prakRti yA svasvabhAva hai / vahI ekamAtra parama mUlya ho sakatA hai, kyoMki usameM hamArI prakRti ke sabhI pakSa apanI pUrNaM abhivyakti evaM pUrNa samanvaya kI avasthA meM hote haiM / bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya mUlya siddhAntoM kI tulanA arabana aura ebareTa ne jIvana ke vibhinna mUlyoM kI uccatA evaM nimnatA kA jo krama nirdhArita kiyA hai, vaha bhI bhAratIya cintana se kAphI sAmya rakhatA hai / arabana ne mUlyoM kA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai jaivika mUlya 1 sAmAjika 1 IT atijaivika AdhyAtmika T Arthika zArIrika manovinoda saMgaThanAtmaka cAri bauddhika kalA dhArmika tmaka trika arabana ne sabase pahale mUlyoM ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TA hai - (1) jaivika aura (2) ati jaivika / atijaivika mUlya bhI sAmAjika aura AdhyAtmika aise do prakAra ke haiM / isa prakAra mUlyoM ke tIna varga bana jAte haiM 1. jaivika mUlya - zArIrika, Arthika aura manoraMjana ke mUlya jaivika mUlya haiN| Arthika mUlya maulika rUpa se sAdhana-mUlya haiM, sAdhya nahIM / Arthika zubha svataH mUlyavAna nahIM haiM, unakA mUlya kevala zArIrika, sAmAjika aura AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ko arjita karane ke sAdhana hone meM hai / sampatti svataH vAJchanIya nahIM hai, balki anya zubhoM kA sAdhana hone ke kAraNa vAJchanIya hai / sampatti eka sAdhana - mUlya hai, sAdhya - mUlya nahIM / zArIrika mUlya bhI vaiyaktika mUlyoM ke sAdhaka haiM / svAsthya aura zakti se yukta paripuSTa zarIra ko vyakti acche jIvana ke anya mUlyoM ke anusaraNa meM prayukta kara sakatA hai / krIr3A svayaM mUlya hai; kintu vaha bhI mukhyatayA sAdhaka mUlya hai / usakA sAdhya hai zArIrika svAsthya | manoraMjana cittavikSobha ko samApta karane kA sAdhana hai / krIr3A aura manoraMjana uccatara

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[ 21 ] mUlyoM ke anusaraNa ke lie hameM zArIrika evaM mAnasika dRSTi se svastha rakhate haiN| 2. sAmAjika mUlya-sAmAjika mUlyoM ke antargat sAhacarya tathA caritra ke mUlya Ate haiM / Aja ke mAnavatAvAdI yuga meM to ina mUlyoM kA mahattva atyanta vyApaka ho gayA hai| yadyapi ye donoM mUlya kisI anya sAdhya ke sAdhana-svarUpa prayukta hote haiM, parantu kucha mahAn puruSoM ne saccaritratA evaM samAjasevA ko jIvana ke parama lakSya ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai| manuSya samAja kA aMga hai| eka asIma AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra samAja ke sAtha apanI vaiyaktikatA kA ekAkAra karake hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| 3. AdhyAtmika mUlya-mUlyoM ke isa varga ke antargat bauddhika, saundaryAtmaka evaM dhArmika-tIna prakAra ke mUlya Ate haiN| ye tInoM mUlya mUlataH sAdhya malya haiN| ye AtmA kI sarvazreSTha yA parama Adarza prakRti arthAt satyaM, zivaM aura sundaraM ko abhiruciyoM ko tRpti pradAna karate haiM tathA jaivika evaM sAmAjika mUlyoM se zreSTha koTi ke haiM / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se bhAratIya darzanoM ke puruSArtha catuSTaya meM artha aura kAma jaivika mUlya haiM aura dharma aura mokSa atijaivika mUlya haiN| arabana ne jaivika mUlyoM meM Arthika, zArIrika aura manoraMjAtmaka mUlya mAne haiN| inameM Arthika mUlya artha-puruSArtha tathA zArIrika aura manoraMjanAtmaka mUlya kAmapuruSArtha ke samAna haiN| arabana ke dvArA atijaivika mUlyoM meM sAmAjika aura AdhyAtmika mUlya mAne gaye haiN| unameM sAmAjika mUlya dharmapuruSArtha se aura AdhyAtmika mUlya mokSapuruSArtha se sambandhita haiN| jisa prakAra arabana ne mUlyoM meM sabase nIce Arthika mUlya mAne haiM, usI prakAra bhAratIya darzana meM bhI arthapuruSArtha ko tAratamya kI dRSTi se sabase nIce mAnA hai| jisa prakAra arabana ke darzana meM zArIrika aura manoraMjana sambandhI mUlyoM kA sthAna Arthika mUlyoM se Upara, lekina sAmAjika mUlyoM se nIce hai usI prakAra bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI kAmapuruSArtha arthapuruSArtha se Upara lekina dharmapuruSArtha se nIce hai| jisa prakAra arabana ne AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ko sarvocca mAnA hai, usI prakAra bhAratIya darzana meM bhI mokSa ko sarvocca puruSArtha mAnA gayA hai| arabana ke dRSTikoNa kI bhAratIya cintana se kitanI adhika nikaTatA hai, ise nimna tAlikA se samajhA jA sakatA hai

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[ 22 ] pAzcAtya dRSTikoNa bhAratIya dRSTikoNa jaina dRSTikoNa mUlya puruSArtha jaivika mUlya 1. Arthika mUlya arthapuruSArtha artha 2. zArIrika mUlya kAmapuruSArtha kAma 3. manoraMjanAtmaka mUlya sAmAjika mUlya 4. saMgaThanAtmaka mUlya dharmapuruSArtha vyavahAradharma 5. cAritrika mUlya nizcaya dharma AdhyAtmika mUlya mokSapuruSArtha 6. kalAtmaka Ananda ( saMkalpa) ananta sukha evaM zakti 7. bauddhika cit (jJAna) anantajJAna 8. dhArmika sat (bhAva) anantadarzana isa prakAra apanI mUlya-vivecanA meM prAcya aura pAzcAtya vicAraka anta meM eka hI niSkarSa para A jAte haiM aura vaha niSkarSa yaha hai ki AdhyAtmika mUlya yA AtmapUrNatA hI sarvocca mUlya hai evaM vahI naitika jIvana kA sAdhya hai| yadyapi bhAratIya darzana meM sApekSa dRSTi se mUlya sambandhI sabhI vicAra svIkAra kara liye gaye haiM, phira bhI usakI dRSTi meM AtmapUrNatA, vItarAgAvasthA yA samabhAva kI upalabdhi hI usakA ekamAtra parama mUlya hai, kintu usake paramamUlya hone kA artha eka sApekSika krama vyavasthA meM sarvocca honA hai| kisI mUlya kI sarvoccatA bhI anyamUlya sApekSa hI hotI hai, nirapekSa nahIM / ataH mUlya, mUlya-vizva aura mulyabodha sabhI sApekSa hai| nidezaka pUjya sohanalAla smAraka pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI-5

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa (tatvArthasUtra aura kasAyapAhuDa sutta ke sandarbha meM) __--pro0 sAgaramala jaina* vyakti ke AdhyAtmika zuddhi ke vibhinna staroM kA nirdhAraNa karane ke lie jaina darzana meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| usameM vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA mUlyAMkana isI avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para hotA hai| yadyapi guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA jaina dharma kI eka pramukha avadhAraNA hai, tathApi prAcIna stara ke jaina AgamoM yathA--AcArAGga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, RSibhASita, dazavaikAlika, bhagavatI Adi meM isakA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM sarvaprathama samavAyAMga meM jIvasthAna ke nAma se isakA ullekha huA hai / samavAyAMga meM yadyapi 14 guNasthAnoM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza huA hai, kintu unheM guNasthAna na kahakara jIvasthAna (jIvaThANa) kahA gayA hai|' samavAyAMga ke pazcAt zvetAmbara paramparA meM guNasthAnoM ke 14 nAmoM kA nirdeza Avazyakaniyukti meM upalabdha hai, kintu vahA~ bhI nAmoM kA nirdeza hote hue bhI unheM guNasthAna (guNaThANa) nahIM kahA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki mUla ___ * nidezaka, pArzvanAtha zodhapITha vArANasI-5 1. kammavisohimaggaNaM paDucca cauddasa jIvaTThANa paNNattA, taM jahA-micchAdiTThI; sAsAyaNasammAdiTThI, sammAmicchAdiTThI, avirayasammAdiTThI, virayAvirae, pamattasaMjae, appamattasaMjae, niaTTibAyare, aniaTThibAyare, suhumasaMparAeuvasAmae vA khavae vA, uvasaMtamohe, khINamohe, sajogIkevalI, ayogIkevalI / --samavAyAMga (sampA0 madhukara muni), 14195 2. micchAdiTThI sAsAyaNe ya taha sammamicchAdiTThI ya / avirayasammadiTThI virayAvirae pamatte y|| tatto ya appamatto niyaTTianiyaTTibAyare suhune| uvasaMtakhINamohe hoi sajogI ajogI y|| -niyukti saMgraha (Avazyakaniyukti), pR0 149

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24 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca, 1992 Avazyaka sUtra jisakI niryukti meM ye gAthAe~ AI haiM- mAtra caudaha bhUtagrAma haiM, - itanA batAtI hai, niyukti una 14 bhUta grAmoM kA vivaraNa detI hai / phira usameM ina 14 guNasthAnoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / kintu ye gAthAe~ prakSipta lagatI haiM, kyoMki haribhadra (8 vIM zatI) ne Avazyaka niyukti kI TIkA meM 'adhunAmumaiva guNasthAna dvAreNa darzayannAha saMgrahaNikAra' kahakara ina donoM gAthAoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki prAcIna niyuktiyoM ke racanA kAla meM bhI guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA nahIM thI / niyuktiyoM ke gAthA krama meM bhI inakI gaNanA nahIM kI jAtI hai / " isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki niyukti meM ye gAthAe~ saMgrahaNIsUtra se lekara prakSipta kI gaI haiN| prAcIna prakIrNakoM meM bhI guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA abhAva hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM ina 14 avasthAoM ke lie 'guNasthAna' zabdakA sarvaprathama prayoga hameM AvazyakacUrNi (7vIM zatI) meM milatA hai, usameM lagabhaga tIna pRSThoM meM isakA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / jahA~ taka digambara paramparA kA prazna hai usameM kasAyapAhuDa ko chor3akara SaTkhaNDAgama ; 1. coddasahiM bhUyagAmehi "vIsAe asamAhiThApehi || - Avazyaka niryukti (haribhadra) bhAga 2, prakA0 zrI bherUlAla kanhaiyAlAla koThArI dhArmika TrasTa, mumbaI, vIra saM0 2508; pR0 106-107. 2. tattha imAti coddasa guNaTThANANi ..ajogikevalI nAma salesIpaDivannao, soya tIhi jogehiM virahito jAva kakhagaghaGa iccetAiM paMcahassakkharAI uccarijjati evatiyaM kAlamajogikevalI bhavitUNa tAhe savvakamaNimukko siddha bhavati / - AvazyakacUrNi (jinadAsagaNi), uttara bhAga, pR0 133-136, ratalAma 1929 3. edesi ceva coddasahaM jIvasamAsANa paruvaNaTThadAe tattha imANi aTTha aNiyogadvArANi NAyavvANi bhavaMti micchAdiTThi sajogakevalI ajogakevalI siddhA cedi " - SaTkhaNDAgama (satprarUpaNA), prakA0 jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura ( pustaka 1 dvi0 saM0 san 1973, pR0 154-201.

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa mUlAcAra' aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA jaise adhyAtma pradhAna granthoM meM tathA tattvArthasUtra kI pUjyapAda devanandI kI sarvArthasiddhi, bhaTTa akalaMka ke rAjavArtika , vidyAnandI ke zlokavArtika Adi digambara AcAryoM kI TIkAoM meM isa siddhAnta kA vistRta vivecana huA hai| uparyukta granthoM ke mUla sandarbho se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI ise guNasthAna ke nAma se abhihita karate haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI Avazyaka 1. micchAdiTThI sAsAdaNo ya misso asaMjado ceva / desavirado pamatto Apamatto taha ya nnaaybbo|| 154 / / etto apuvakaraNo ANiyaTTI suhumasaMparAo ya / uvasaMtakhINamoho sajogikevalijiNe ajogI ya // 155 // suraNArayesu cattAri hoti tiriyesu jANa paMceva / maNusagadIevi tahA coddasaguNaNAmagheyANi // 159 // -mUlAcAra (paryAptyadhikAra), pR0 273-279; maNikacandadigambara granthamAlA (23), bambaI, vi0 saM0 1980 / 2. adha khavayaseDhimadhigamma kuNai sAdhU apubbakaraNaM so / hoi tamapuvvakaraNaM kayAi appattapuvvaMti / / 2087 / / aNi vittikaraNaNAmaM NavamaM guNaThANayaM ca adhigamma / NihANiddA payalApayalA tadha thINa giddhi ca / / 2088 / / -bhagavatI ArAdhanA, bhAga 2 (sampA0 kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI) pR. 890 (vizeSa vivaraNa hetu dekheM gAthA-2072 se 2126 taka / ) 3. sarvArthasiddhi (pUjyapAda devanandI) sUtra 1-8 kI TIkA, pR0 30-40 tathA ___9-12 kI TIkA, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 1955. 4. rAjavArtika (bhaTTa akalaMka) 9-10 / 11, pR0 588 5. tattvArtha zlokavArtikam (vidyAnandI), nirNayasAgara presa san 1918 dekheM guNasthAnApekSa....... 10-3;..'guNasthAnabhedena. 9-36-4, pR0 503,..." apUrvakaraNAdInAM / 9-37-2; vizeSa vivaraNa hetu dekheN-9|33-44 taka kI sampUrNa vyaakhyaa|

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26 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca, 1192 1 cUrNi ', tattvArthabhASya kI siddhasenagaNi kI vRtti, haribhadra kI tattvArtha sUtra kI TIkA Adi meM isa siddhAnta kA vistRta ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / 3 hamAre liye Azcarya kA viSaya to yaha hai ki AcArya umAsvAti ne jahA~ apane tattvArtha sUtra meM jaina dharma evaM darzana ke lagabhaga sabhI pakSoM para prakAza DAlA hai, vahA~ unhoMne 14 guNasthAnoM kA spaSTa rUpa se kahIM bhI nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai / tattvArthabhASya, jo tattvArthasUtra para umAsvAti kI svopajJa TIkA mAnI jAtI hai, usameM bhI kahIM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA ullekha nahIM hai / ataH yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se upasthita hotA hai ki kyA tattvArthasUtra ke racanA kAla taka jainadharma meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa nahIM huA thA ? aura yadi usa kAla taka guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA vikasita ho cukI thI to phira umAsvAti ne apane mUla grantha tattvArtha sUtra meM athavA usakI svopajJaTIkA tattvArthabhASya meM usakA ullekha kyoM nahIM kiyA ? jabaki ve guNasthAna - siddhAnta ke antargata vyavahRta kucha pAribhASika zabdoM kA, yathA-- bAdara-saMparAya, sUkSma-saMparAya, upazAnta moha, kSINa moha Adi kA spaSTa rUpa se prayoga karate haiM / yahA~ yaha tarka bhI yukti saMgata nahIM hai ki unhoMne grantha ko saMkSipta rakhane ke kAraNa usakA ullekha nahIM kiyA ho, kyoMki tattvArthasUtra ke naveM adhyAya meM unhoMne AdhyAtmikavizuddhi (nirjarA) kI dasa avasthAoM ko sUcita karate hue eka lambA sUtra banAyA hai / punaH tattvArthabhASya to unakA eka vyAkhyAtmaka 1. AvazyakacUrNi (jinadAsagaNi), uttara bhAga, pR0 133-136 / 2. etasya trayaH svAminazcaturtha - paJcama SaSTha guNasthAnavartinaH ' / tattvArthA dhigamasUtra (siddhasena gaNi kRta bhASyAnusAriNikA samalaGkRtaM - saM0 hIrAlAla rasikalAla kApaDiyA ) 9 - 35 kI TIkA 3. zrItatvArtha sUtram ( TIkA - haribhadra ), RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthA ratalAma saM0 1662, pR0 465-466 4. samyagdRSTizrAvaka viratAnnataviyojakadarzana mohakSapakopazamakopazamako pazAntamohakSapakakSINamohajinAH kramazo saMkhyeyaguNanirjarAH 9-47 - tatvArtha sUtra, navaka adhyAya, pR0 136; pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI 1985.

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa 27 grantha hai, yadi unake sAmane guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA hotI to usakA ve usameM avazya pratipAdana karate / tattvArthabhASya meM bhI guNasthAna siddhAnta kI anupasthiti se yaha pratiphalita hotA hai ki tattvArthabhASya umAsvAti kI hI svopajJa TIkA hai| kyoMki yadi tattvArthabhASya umAsvAti kI svopajJa TIkA na hotI, to tattvArthasUtra kI anya zvetAmbaradigambara sabhI TIkAoM kI bhA~ti, usameM bhI kahIM na kahIM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA pratipAdana avazya hotaa| isa AdhAra para punaH hameM yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki tattvArthabhASya, tattvArthasUtra kI sabhI zvetAmbara-digambara TIkAoM kI apekSA prAcIna aura tattvArthasUtra kI samakAlika racanA hai| kyoMki yadi vaha paravartI hotA aura anya digambara-zvetAmbara TIkAkAroM se prabhAvita hotA to usameM kahIM na kahIM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA athavA guNasthAna zabda kA prayoga avazya hI hotaa| kyoMki tattvArthabhASya ko chor3akara tattvArthasUtra kI eka bhI zvetAmbara yA digambara TIkA aisI nahIM hai, jisameM kahIM na kahIM guNasthAna kI carcA nahIM huI ho| yadyapi paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI dvArA tattvArthabhASya kI svopajJatA svIkAra kI gaI hai| kintu unake atirikta anya digambara vidvAnoM kI jo yaha avadhAraNA hai ki tattvArthabhASya tattvArthasUtra para svayaM umAsvAti kI TIkA nahIM hai balki paravartI kisI anya umAsvAti nAmaka zvetAmbara aAcArya kI racanA hai2- vaha bhI ina tathyoM se bhrAnta siddha ho jAtI hai| 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI) pR0 524-529 2. dekheM(a) jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa dvitIya bhAga, (paM0 kailAza candra jI) caturtha adhyAya, pR0 294-299 (ba) jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza (paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra), pR0 saM0 125-149 (sa) tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-2, (DaoN0 nemicanda jI), pR0 167 (da) sarvArthasiddhi-bhUmikA, paM0 phUlacandajI siddhAntazAstrI, pR. 31-46,

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28 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca, 1992 guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA aitihAsika vikAsakrama guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA ke aitihAsika vikAsakrama ko samajhane kI dRSTi se yaha tathya mahatvapUrNa hai, na kevala prAcIna stara ke zvetAmbara AgamoM meM, apitu digambara paramparA meM Agama rUpa meM mAnya kasAyapAhuDa sutta meM tathA tattvArthasUtra aura usake svopajJa tattvArthabhASya meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA kahIM bhI suvyavasthita nirdeza upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi ina tInoM graMthoM meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA se sambandhita kucha pAribhASika zabdoM jaise--darzanamoha-upazamaka, darzanamohakSapaka, (cAritramoha) upazamaka, (cAritramoha) kSapaka, upazAntamoha, kSINamoha, kevalI (jina) Adi ke prayoga upalabdha haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM ye tInoM hI graMtha karma-vizuddhi ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sthitiyoM kA citraNa bhI karate haiN| isase aisA lagatA hai ki ina graMthoM ke racanAkAla taka jaina paramparA meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa nahIM ho pAyA thA / aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha bAta bhI mahattvapUrNa hai ki samavAyAMga aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM 14 guNasthAnoM ke nAmoM kA spaSTa nirdeza hokara bhI unheM guNasthAna nAma se abhihita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ samavAyAMga sUtra unheM jIvasthAna (jIvaThANa) kahatA hai, vahIM SaTkhaNDAgama meM unheM jIvasamAsa kahA gayA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki ye donoM grantha prAcIna stara ke zvetAmbara AgamoM, kasAyapAhuDasutta, tattvArthasUtra aura tattvArthabhASya se kiMcit paravartI aura ina 14 avasthAoM ke lie guNasthAna zabda kA spaSTa ullekha karane vAlI zvetAmbara-digambara racanAoM se pUrvavartI haiN| sAtha hI ye donoM grantha samakAlika bhI avazya haiM kyoMki hama dekhate haiM ki chaThIM zatAbdI aura usake pazcAt ke zvetAmbara-digambara granthoM meM vizeSarUpa se karmasiddhAnta sambandhI tathA tattvArthasUtra kI TIkAoM meM guNasthAna zabda kA prayoga bahulatA se kiyA jAne lagA thaa| isase yaha bhI pratiphalita hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM lagabhaga tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI taka guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA anupasthita thI, cauthI zatAbdI ke anta se lekara pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke bIca yaha siddhAnta astitva meM AyA, kintu ise guNasthAna na kahakara jIvasthAna yA jIvasamAsa kahA gayA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama, samavAyAMga donoM hI isake lie guNasthAna

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa zabda kA prayoga na kara kramazaH jIvasthAna aura jIvasamAsa zabda kA prayoga karate haiM-yaha bAta hama pUrva meM bhI batA cuke haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM sabase pahale guNasthAna zabda kA prayoga AvazyakacUrNi meM kiyA gayA hai, usake pazcAt siddhasenagaNi kI tattvArthabhASyavRtti aura haribhadra kI Avazyakaniyukti kI TIkA ke kAla taka arthAt 8 vIM zatI ke pahale usa paramparA meM isa siddhAnta ko guNasthAna ke nAma se abhihira kiyA jAne lagA thaa| jaisA ki hama dekha cuke haiM --digambara paramparA meM sarvaprathama SaTkhaNDAgama, mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA (sabhI lagabhaga pAMcavIM-chaThI zatI) meM guNasthAnoM kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| kasAyapAhuDa meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA se sambandhita kucha pAribhASika zabdoM kI upasthiti to dekhI jAtI hai parantu usameM 14 guNasthAnoM kI suvyavasthita avadhAraNA anupasthita hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM ina 14 avasthAoM kA ullekha hai, kintu inheM jIvasamAsa kahA gyaa| mUlAcAra meM inake lie 'guNa' nAma bhI hai aura 14 avasthAoM kA ullekha bhI hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM yadyapi eka sAtha 14 guNasthAnoM kA ullekha nahIM hai kintu dhyAna ke prasaMga meM 7veM se 14 veM guNasthAna taka kI, mUlAcAra kI apekSA bhI, vistRta carcA huI hai| usake pazcAt pUjyapAda devanandI kI sarvArthasiddhi TIkA meM guNasthAna (guNahANa) kA vistRta vivaraNa milatA hai| ina sabhI kA sasandarbha ullekha mere dvArA nibandha ke prArambha meM kiyA jA cukA hai| pUjyapAda devanandI ne to sarvArthasiddhi (satprarUpaNa Adi) meM mArgaNAoM kI carcA karate hue pratyeka mArgaNA ke sandarbha meM guNasthAnoM kA vistRta vivaraNa diyA hai|' AcArya kundakunda kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki unhoMne niyamasAra, samayasAra Adi meM maggaNAThANa, guNaThANa aura jIvaThANa kA bhinna-bhinna arthoM meM prayoga kiyA hai| isa prakAra jo jIvaThANa yA jIvasamAsa 1. dekhe-sarvArthasiddhi, saM0 paM0 phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha (1955) 1-8; pR0 31-33, 34, 46, 55-56, 65-67, 84-85, 88, 2. (a) NAhaM maggaNaThANo NAhaM guNaThANa jIvaThANo Na / . ___ kattA Na hi kAraidA aNumaMttA va kattINaM / --niyamasAra gAthA 77, prakAzaka-paMDita ajita prasAda, di senTrala jaina pabliziMga hAusa, lakhanaU 1931 /

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30 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca, 1992 zabda kramazaH samavAyAMga evaM SaThkhaNDAgama taka guNasthAna ke lie prayukta hotA thA, vaha aba jIva kI vibhinna yoniyoM ke sandarbha meM prayukta hone lgaa| kundakunda ke granthoM meM jIvasthAna (jIvaThANa) kA tAtparya jIvoM ke janma grahaNa karane kI vividha yoniyoM se hai| isakA eka phalitArtha yaha hai ki bhagavatI ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra tathA kuMdakuMda ke kAla taka jIvasthAna aura guNasthAna donoM kI alaga-alaga aura spaSTa dhAraNAeM bana cukI thIM aura donoM ke vivecya viSaya bhI alaga ho gaye haiN| jIvasthAna yA jIvasamAsa kA sambandha-jIva-yoniyo/jIvajAtiyoM se aura guNasthAna kA sambandha Atmavizuddhi karmavizuddhi se mAnA jAne lagA thaa| jJAtavya hai ki AcArAMga Adi prAcIna granthoM meM guNa zabda kA prayoga karma/bandhakatva ke rUpa meM huA hai| isa prakAra yadi guNasthAna siddhAnta ke aitihAsika vikAsa krama kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, sarvArthasiddhi evaM kuMdakuMda ke samayasAra, niyamasAra Adi sabhI grantha pAMcavIM zatI ke pazcAt ke siddha hote haiM / Avazyaka niyukti meM bhI saMgrahaNI se lekara jo guNasthAna sambandhI do gAthAeM prakSipta kI gaI haiM ve bhI usameM pAMcavIM-chaThI zatI ke bAda hI kabhI DAlI gaI hogI, kyoMki AThavIM zatI meM haribhadra bhI unheM saMgrahaNI gAthA ke rUpa meM hI apanI TIkA meM uddhRta karate haiN| haribhadra isa sambandha meM spaSTa haiM ki ye gAthAeM niyukti kI mUla gAthAeM nahIM haiM (dekheM-Avazyaka niyukti TIkA haribhadra, bhAga 2, pRSTha 106-107) / isa samasta carcA se aisA lagatA hai ki lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke anta meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA suvyavasthita huI aura isI kAla meM guNasthAna ke karma prakRtiyoM ke bandha, udaya, udIraNA, vipAka Adi se sambandha nizcita kiye gye| samavAyAMga meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA ko 'jIvasthAna' ke rUpa meM prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai- "karmoM kI (ba) Neva ya jIvaTThANA Na gaNaTThANA ya atthi jIvassa / jeNa du ede savve puggaladavvassa pariNAmA / -samayasAra, gA* 55, prakA0 zrI ma0 hI0 pATanI di0 jaina pAra. TrasTa mAroTha (mAravAr3a) 1953 /

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guNasthAba siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa 31 vizuddhi kI mArgaNA kI apekSA se pratyuta 14 jIvasthAna pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN|" samavAyAMga kI isa carcA kI yadi hama tattvArthasUtra se tulanA karate haiM to hama pAte haiM ki usameM bhI karmanirjarA kI apekSA se 10 avasthAoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| 'kammavisohi saggaNaM' (samavAyAMga samavAya 14) aura 'asaMkhyeya guNa nirjarA (tattvArthasUtra 9 / 47) zabda tulanAtmaka dRSTi se atyadhika mahattvapUrNa kahe jA sakate haiM / isI prakAra samavAyAMga meM 'suhaM samparAya' ke pazcAt uvasAmaevA khavae vA kA prayoga tattvArtha ke upazamaka, upazAnta aura kSapaka zabdoM ko smRtipaTala para ujAgara kara detA hai| isase yaha bhI phalita hai ki samavAyAMga ke usa kAla taka zreNI-vicAra A gayA thaa| upazamaka, upazAnta aura kSapaka zabdoM ke prayoga ke sAtha-sAtha kasAyapAhuDa meM meM vyavahata samyaka, mizra, asamyaka evaM saMyata, saMyatAsaMyata (mizra) aura asaMyata zabdoM ke prayoga hameM yaha spaSTa kara dete haiM ki kasAyapAhuDasutta aura tattvArthasUtra kI karmavizuddhi kI avasthAoM ke AdhAra para hI guNasthAna siddhAnta ko vikasita kiyA gayA hai / tattvArthasUtra meM guNasthAna siddhAnta ke bIja tattvArthasUtra meM guNasthAna siddhAnta ke bIja usake nave adhyAya meM milate haiN| naveM adhyAya meM sarvaprathama pariSahoM ke sambandha meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI carcA huI hai, usameM batAyA gayA hai-"bAdara-samparAya kI sthiti meM 22 pariSaha sambhava hote haiN| sUkSma samparAya aura chadmastha vItarAga (kSINamoha) meM 14 pariSaha sambhava hote haiN| jina bhagavAn meM 11 pariSaha sambhava hote haiN"|' isa prakAra yahA~ bAdara-samparAya, sUkSma-samparAya, chadmastha vItarAga aura jina-ina cAra avasthAoM kA ullekha huA hai| punaH dhyAna ke prasaMga meM yaha batAyA gayA hai-"avirata, dezavirata aura pramatta-saMyata-ina tIna avasthAoM meM ArtadhyAna kA sadbhAva 1. sUkSmasamparAyacchadmasthavItarAgayozcaturdaza // 10 // ekAdaza jine // 11 // bAdarasamparAye sarve / / 13 / / ----tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 9, vivecaka paM sukhalAla jii|

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32 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca, 1992 hotA hai / avirata aura dezavirata meM raudradhyAna kI upasthiti pAyI jAtI hai / apramattasaMyata ko dharmadhyAna hotA hai| sAtha hI yaha upazAMta kaSAya evaM kSINa kaSAya ko bhI hotA hai| zukladhyAna, upazAMta kaSAya, kSINakaSAya aura kevalI meM sambhava hotA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ avirata, dezavirata, pramatta saMyata, apramatta saMyata, upazAntakaSAya (upazAnta moha) kSINakaSAya (kSINa moha) aura kevalI aisI sAta avasthAoM kA ullekha huA hai, punaH karmanirjarA (karma vizuddhi) ke prasaMga meM samyakdRSTi, zrAvaka, virata, anantaviyojaka, darzanamohakSapaka, (cAritramoha) upazamaka, upazAMta (cAritra) moha, (cAritramoha) kSapaka, kSINamoha aura jina aisI dasa kramazaH vikAsamAna sthitiyoM kA citraNa huA hai / yadi hama ananta viyojaka ko apramatta-saMyata, darzanamoha kSapaka ko apUrvakaraNa (nivRttibAdara samparAya) aura upazamaka (cAritra moha-upazamaka) ko anivRtti karaNa aura kSapaka ko sUkSma samparAya mAneM to isa sthiti meM vahA~ dasa guNasthAnoM ke nAma prakArAntara se mila jAte haiM / yadyapi anantaviyojaka, darzanamohakSapaka, upazamaka, upazAMta-moha tathA kSapaka Adi avasthAoM ko unake mUla bhAvoM kI dRSTi se to AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI isa avadhAraNA se jor3A jA sakatA hai, kintu unheM sIdhA-sAdhA guNasthAna ke caukhaTe meM saMyojita karanA kaThina hai| kyoMki guNasthAna siddhAnta meM to cauthe guNasthAna meM hI anantAnubandhI kaSAyoM kA kSaya yA kSayopazama ho jAtA hai| punaH upazama zreNI se vikAsa karane vAlA to sAtaveM apramattasaMyata guNasthAna meM bhI darzanamoha aura anantAnubaMdhI kaSAya kA upazama hI karatA hai, kSaya nhiiN| ataH anantaviyojaka kA artha anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA kSaya mAnane se upazama zreNI kI dRSTi 1. tadaviratadezavirata pramattasaMyatAnAm // 35 // hiMsA'nRtasteyaviSayasaMrakSaNebhyo raudramaviratadezaviratayoH // 36 // AjJA'pAyavipAkasaMsthAna vicayAya dharmamapramattasaMyatasya // 37 // upazAntakSINa kaSAyayozca // 38 // zukle cAdya pUrvavidaH / / 39 // pare kevalinaH / / 40 // --tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 9 2. samyagdRSTizrAvakaviratAnantaviyojakadarzanamohakSapakopazamakopazAntamohakSaNa kakSINamohajinAH kramazo'saMkhyeyaguNa nirjarAH // 47 // - tattvArthasUtra adhyAya 9

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa se bAdhA AtI hai| samyak-dRSTi, zrAvaka evaM virati ke pazcAt anantaviyojaka kA krama AcArya ne kisa dRSTi se rakhA, yaha spaSTa nahIM ho pA rahA hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se darzanamoha kSapaka ko apUrvakaraNa nAmaka AThaveM guNasthAna ke sAtha yojita kiyA jAnA cAhie / kSapaka zreNI se vicAra karane para yaha bAta kisI sImA taka samajha meM A jAtI hai, kyoMki AThaveM guNasthAna se hI kSapaka zreNI prArambha hotI hai aura AThaveM guNasthAna ke pUrva darzanamoha kA pUrNa kSaya mAnanA Avazyaka hai / isI prakAra cAritramoha kI dRSTi se apUrvakaraNa (nivRtti bAdara saMparAya) ko cAritramoha upazamaka kahA jA sakatA hai / kSapaka ko sUkSma saMparAya se bhI yojita kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu umAsvAti ne upazAnta moha aura kSINa moha ke bIca jo kSapaka kI sthiti rakhI hai usakA yukti saMgata samIkaraNa kara pAnA kaThina hai| kyoMki aisI sthiti meM upazAnta-moha nAmaka gyArahaveM aura kSINa-moha nAmaka bArahaveM guNasthAna ke bIca hI use rakhA jA sakatA hai, kintu guNasthAna siddhAnta meM aisI bIca kI koI avasthA nahIM hai| sambhavataH umAsvAti darzanamoha aura cAritramoha donoM kA prathama upazama aura phira kSaya mAnate hoNge| kSINamoha aura jina donoM avadhAraNAoM meM samAna haiN| sayogI kevalI ko 'jina' kahA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra kvacit matabhedoM ke sAtha dasa avasthAe~ to mila jAtI haiM kintu mithyA-dRSTi, sAsvAdana, samyakmithyA dRSTi aura ayogI kevalI kI yahA~ koI carcA nahIM hai / upazama aura kSapaka zreNI kI alaga-alaga koI carcA bhI yahA~ nahIM hai| tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke lie tAlikAyeM anta meM dI gaI upayogI hogI tattvArthasUtra meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA jo krama hai; usakI guNasthAna siddhAnta se isa artha meM bhinnatA hai ki jahA~ guNasthAna siddhAnta meM AThaveM guNasthAna se upazama zreNI aura kSapaka zreNI se ArohaNa kI vibhinnatA ko svIkAra karate hue bhI yaha mAnA hai ki upazama zreNI vAlA kramazaH 8veM, 9veM evaM 10veM guNasthAna se hokara 11veM guNasthAna meM jAtA hai --jabaki kSapaka zreNI vAlA kramazaH 8veM, 9veM evaM 10veM guNasthAna se sIdhA 12veM guNa sthAna meM jAtA hai| jabaki umAsvAti yaha mAnate pratIta hote haiM ki cAhe darzanamoha ke upazama aura kSaya kA prazna ho yA cAritramoha ke upazama yA kSaya kA prazna ho

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34 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca, 1992 pahale upazama hotA hai aura phira kSaya hotA hai| darzana moha ke samAna cAritramoha kA bhI kramazaH upazama, upazAnta, kSapaNa aura kSaya hote haiN| unhoMne upazama aura kSaya ko mAnate hue unakI alaga-alaga zreNI kA vicAra nahIM kiyA hai| umAsvAti kI karma-vizuddhi kI dasa avasthAoM meM prathama pAMca kA sambandha darzana moha ke upazama aura kSapaNa se hai tathA antima pA~ca kA sambandha cAritra moha ke upazama, upazAnta, kSapaNa aura kSaya se hai| prathama bhUmikA meM samyak dRSTi upazama se samyak darzana prApta karatA hai-aisA upazama samyak dRSTi kA kramazaH zrAvaka aura virata ina do bhUmikAoM meM ke rUpa meM cAritrika vikAsa to hotA hai kintu usakA samyak darzana aupazamika hotA hai ataH vaha upazAnta darzana moha hotA hai| aisA sAdhaka cauthI avasthA meM anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA kSapaNa (viyojana) karatA hai ataH vaha kSapaka hotA hai, isa pAMcavIM sthiti ke anta meM darzanamoha kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| chaThI avasthA meM cAritra moha kA upazama hotA hai ataH vaha upazamaka (cAritra-moha) kahA jAtA hai| sAtavIM avasthA meM cAritra-moha upazAnta hotA hai / AThavIM meM usa upazAnta cAritra moha kA kSapaNa kiyA jAtA hai ataH vaha kSapaka hotA hai| navI avasthA meM cAritra moha kSINa ho jAtA hai, ataH kSINamoha kahA jAtA hai aura dasavIM avasthA meM 'jina' avasthA prApta hotI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki umAsvAti ke samakSa karmoM ke upazama aura kSaya kI avadhAraNA to upasthita rahI hogI, kintu cAritramoha kI vizuddhi ke prasaMga meM upazama zreNI aura kSAyika zreNI se alagaalaga ArohaNa kI avadhAraNA vikasita nahIM ho pAI hogii| isI prakAra upazama zreNI se kiye gaye AdhyAtmika vikAsa se punaH patana ke bIca kI avasthAoM kI kalpanA bhI nahIM rahI hogii| jaba hama umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra aura tattvArthabhASya se kasAyapAhuDa kI ora Ate haiM to darzanamoha kI apekSA se mithyAdRSTi samyakmithyAdRSTi (mizra-moha) aura samyak dRSTi tathA cAritramoha kI apekSA se avirata, viratAvirata aura virata kI avadhAraNAoM ke sAtha upazama aura kSaya kI avadhAraNAoM kI upasthiti bhI pAte haiM

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa isa prakAra kasAyapAhuDa meM samyak - mithyA - dRSTi kI avadhAraNA adhika pAte haiM / isI krama meM Age mithyA dRSTi, sasvAdana aura ayogI kevalI kI avadhAraNAyeM jur3I hoMgI aura upazama evaM kSapaka zreNI ke vicAra ke sAtha guNasthAna kA eka suvyavasthita siddhAnta sAmane AyA hogA / isa tulanAtmaka vivaraNa se hama pAte haiM ki tattvArthasUtra ke samAna hI kasAyapAhuDasutta meM na to guNasthAna zabda hI hai aura na guNasthAna sambandhI 14 avasthAoM kA suvyavasthita vivaraNa hI hai; kintu donoM meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA se sambandhita kucha pAribhASika zabda pAye jAte haiM / sAyapAhuDa meM guNasthAna se sambandhita pAribhASika zabda haiM - mithyAdRSTi, samyakmathyAdRSTi / mizra, avirata / samyakadRSTi, dezavirata / viratAvirata, saMyamAsaMyama, virata / saMyata, upazAMtakaSAya evaM kSINamoha tulanA kI dRSTi se tattvArtha sUtra meM samyakmithyAdRSTi kI avadhAraNA anupasthita hai, jabaki kasAyapAhuDasutta meM isa para vistRta carcA upalabdha hai / kintu tattvArthasUtra kI 'anantaviyojaka' kI avadhAraNA kasAyapAhuDa meM upalabdha nahIM hai - usake sthAna para usameM darzanamoha upazamaka kI avadhAraNA pAyI jAtI hai / tattvArthasUtra kI upazamaka, 1. kasAyapAhuDa sutta saM0 paM0 hIrAlAla jaina - vIrazAsana, saMgha kalakattA 1955 dekheM - sammatta desavirayI saMjama uvasAmaNA ca khavaNA ca daMsaNa caritta mohe addhAparimANaNidda so || 14 || sammatte micchatte ya missage ceva boddhavvA ||82 // viradIya aviradIe viradAvirade tahA aNagAre ||83 // daMsaNamohassa uvasAmagassa pariNAmokerisobhave // 91 // daMsaNa mohakkhavaNA paTThavago kammabhUmi jAdo tu / / 110 / / sume ca samparAe bAdararAge ca boddhavvA // 121 // uvasAmaNA khaeNa du paDivadi do hoi suhuma rAgami // 122 // - aNe kasAsu ya sesarANa ke va hoti vicArA | 232|| saMkAmanANayovaTTaNa kihI khavaNAe khINa mohaMte / khavaNAya ANupuvvI boddhavvA mohaNIyasya // 233 // 35

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zramaNa, janavarI-mArca, 1992 upazAMta, kSapaka aura kSINamoha kI avadhAraNAyeM spaSTarUpa se kasAyapAhuDasutta meM cAritramoha upazamaka, upazAMta kaSAya aura cAritramoha kSapaka tathA kSINamoha ke rUpa meM yathAvat pAyI jAtI hai / yahAM 'cAritramoha' zabda kA spaSTa prayoga inheM tattvArtha kI apekSA adhika spaSTa banA detA hai / punaH kasAyapAhuDasutta meM bhI tattvArthasUtra ke samAna hI pramattasaMyata, apramattasaMyata, apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNa,-ye cAro nAma anupasthita haiM, kintu tattvArthasUtra kI apekSA isameM samyak mithyAdRSTi (mizra = misaga) aura sUkSma-samparAya (suhumarAga/suhumasaMparAya) ye do vizeSa rUpa se upalabdha hote haiN| punaH upazAntamoha aura kSINamoha ke bIca donoM ne kSapaka (khavaga) kI upasthiti mAnI hai, kintu guNasthAna siddhAnta meM aisI koI avasthA nahIM hai| isase hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki kasAyapAhuDa aura tattvArthasUtra meM karma-vizuddhi kI avasthAoM ke prazna para bahuta adhika samAnatA hai-mAtra mizra aura sUkSmasamparAya kI upasthiti ke AdhAra para use tattvArtha kI apekSA kiJcit vikasita mAnA jA sakatA hai| donoM kI zabdAvalI, krama aura nAmoM kI ekarUpatA se yahI pratiphalita hotA hai ki donoM eka hI kAla kI racanAyeM haiN| mujhe lagatA hai ki kasAyapAhuDa, tattvArthasUtra evaM usake bhASya ke kAla meM AdhyAtmika-vizuddhi yA karma-vizuddhi kA jo krama nirdhArita ho cukA thA, vahI Age calakara guNasthAna siddhAnta ke rUpa meM astitva meM aayaa| yadi kasAyapAhuDa aura tattvArtha cauthI zatI yA usake pUrva kI racanAyeM haiM to hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki guNasthAna kI suvyavasthita avadhAraNA cauthI aura pAMcavIM zatI ke bIca hI kabhI nirmita huI hai, kyoMki lagabhaga chaThI zatI se sabhI jaina vicAraka guNasthAna siddhAnta kI carcA karate pratIta hote haiM, isakA eka phalitArtha yaha bhI hai ki jo kRtiyAM guNasthAna kI carcA karatI haiM, ve sabhI lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatI ke pazcAt kI haiN| yaha bAta bhinna hai ki tattvArthasUtra aura kasAyapAhuDa ko prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI kA mAnakara ina granthoM kA kAla tIsarI-cauthI zatI mAnA jA sakatA hai| kintu itanA nizcita hai ki SaTakhaNDAgama, bhagavatI ArAdhanA evaM mUlAcAra ke kartA tathA AcArya kundakunda, umAsvAti se paravartI hI haiM, pUrvavartI kadApi nhiiN| AcArya kundakunda kI

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne apane pUrvavartI ina jaina cintakoM, mAdhyamikoM evaM prAcIna vedAntiyoM vizeSarUpa se gaur3apAda ke vicAroM kA lAbha uThAkara jaina adhyAtma ko eka naI UMcAI para pahuMcAyA / mAtra yahI nahIM unhoMne apane pUrvavartI AcAryoM kI guNasthAna, jIvasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna Adi avadhAraNAoM se pUrNatayA avagata hokara bhI zuddhanaya kI apekSA se AtmA ke sambandha meM ina avadhAraNAoM kA spaSTa rUpa se khaNDana kiyA hai / yaha pratiSedha tabhI saMbhava thA, jaba unake sAmane ye avadhAraNAyeM susthira hotI / hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke ina vibhinna vargoM kI saMkhyA ke nirdhAraNa meM umAsvAti para bauddha paramparA aura yoga paramparA kA bhI prabhAva ho sakatA hai / mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki umAsvAti ne AdhyAtmika vizuddhi kI caturvidha, saptavidha aura dasavidha vargIkaraNa kI yaha zailI sambhavataH bauddha aura yoga paramparAoM se grahaNa kI hogI / sthaviravAdI bauddhoM meM sotApanna, sakRdAgAmI, anAgAmI aura arhat aisI jina cAra avasthAoM kA varNana hai ve pariSaha ke prasaMga meM umAsvAti kI bAdara - samparAya, sUkSma - samparAya, chadmasthavItarAga aura jinase tulanIya mAnI jA sakatI haiN| yogavaziSTha meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI jJAna kI dRSTi se jina sAta avasthAoM kA ullekha hai unheM dhyAna ke sandarbha meM pratipAdita tattvArthasUtra kI sAta avasthAoM se tulanIya mAnA jA sakatA hai / isI prakAra mahAyAna sampradAya meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI jina dasa avasthAoM kA citraNa hai, unheM nirjarA kI carcA ke prasaMga se umAsvAti dvArA pratipAdita dasa avasthAoM se tulanIya mAnA jA sakatA hai / isI prakAra AjIvikoM dvArA prastuta ATha avasthAoM se bhI inakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / yadyapi isa tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke sambandha meM abhI gahana cintana kI apekSA hai, isa sandarbha meM vistRta carcA agale kisI lekha meM kareMge / 37 1. vistRta vivaraNa hetu dekheM - jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayama bhAga 2, DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, prAkRta bhAratI jayapura, pR0 471-379 evaM pR0 487-488

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krama saM0 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 4. pariSahoM ke saMdarbha meM |I | bAdara samparAya AdhyAtmika vizuddhi kA krama umAsvAti ke anusAra dhyAna ke saMdarbha meM avirata (samyak dRSTi) deza virata pramattasaMyata apramattasaMyata I karma nirjarA ke saMdarbha meM 4 samyaka dRSTi (darzanamoha upazamaka) guNasthAna siddhAnta ke anusAra 5 mithyA dRSTi sAsvAdana samyak mithyA dRSTi samyaka dRSTi ( avirata dRSTi ) deza virata zrAvaka virata ananta viyojaka (upazAMta apramatta saMyaMta darzana moha) darzanamohakSapaka sarvavirata ( pramattasaMyata ) apUrvakaraNa (nivRtti bATara samparAya ) 38 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca, 1992

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upazamaka (cAritramoha) sUkSma-samparAya anivRttikaraNa sUkSmasamparAya upazAntamoha kSINa moha sayogI kevalI ayogI kevalI upazAMta kaSAya upazAnta mohakSapaka kSINa kaSAya kSINa-moha kevalI (jina) jina chadmastha vItarAga jina guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa

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40 guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA kramika vikAsa ina tathyoM ko nimna tulanAtmaka tAlikA se samajhA jA sakatA hai tattvArtha evaM tattvArthabhASya kasAyapAhuDasutta samavAyAMga/SaTakhaNDAgama zvetAmbara-digambara tattvArtha kI TIkAe~ evaM bhagavatI ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, samayasAra, niyamasAra aadi| 1 3rI-4thI zatI 3rI-4thI zatI 5vIM zatI 6ThIM zatI yA usake pazcAt guNasthAna, jIvasamAsa, guNasthAna, jIvasthAna, guNasthAna zabda kA guNasthAna zabda kI upajIva-sthAna Adi zabdoM kA jIvasamAsa Adi zabdoM kA abhAva kintu jIvaThANa sthiti pUrNa abhaav| abhAva, kintu mArgaNA zabda yA jIvasamAsa ke nAma pAyA jAtA hai| se 14 avasthAoM kA citrnn| karmavizuddhi yA AdhyA- karma vizuddhi yA AdhyA- 14 avasthAoM kA 14 avasthAoM kA tmika vikAsa kI dasa tmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se ullekha hai| ullekha hai| avasthAoM kA citraNa, mithyAdRSTi kI gaNanA karane mithyAtva kA antarbhAva para prakAra bheda se kula 13 karane para 11 avasthAoM avasthAoM kA ullekha kA ullekha zramaNa, janavarI-mArca, 1992

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2 1 sasvAdana, samyak- sasvAdana (sAsAdana) mithyA dRSTi aura ayogI aura ayogI kevalI avasthA kevalI dazA kA pUrNa kA pUrNa abhAva, kintu abhAva samyakmithyA dRSTi kI upasthiti apUrva karaNa apramattasaMyata, apUrva- apramattasaMyata, ( nivRttibAdara) karaNa ( nivRtti bAdara) anianivRttikaraNa ( anivRtti vRttikaraNa (anivRtti bAdara ) bAdara) jaise nAmoM kA abhAva jaise nAmoM kA abhAva upazama aura kSaya kA upazama aura kSapaka kA 8veM vicAra hai kintu 8veM guNa- vicAra hai kintu TavaM guNasthAna sthAna se upazama aura se upazama zreNI aura kSapaka kSAyika zreNI se alaga zreNI se alaga-alaga ArohaNa alaga ArohaNa hotA hai hotA hai| aisA vicAra nahIM aisA vicAra nahIM hai| hai / patana kI avasthA kA koI citraNa nahIM patana kI avasthA kA koI citraNa nahIM 3 sasvAdana, samyaka mithyAdRSTi (mizradRSTi ) aura ayogI kevalI Adi kA ullekha hai alaga-alaga vicAra upasthita zreNI patana Adi kA mUla pATha meM citraNa nahIM hai 4 ullekha hai alaga-alaga zreNI vicAra upasthita patana Adi kA vyAkhyA meM citraNa hai guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa 41

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tatvArtha kI TIkAe~ mithyAdRSTi sasvAdana samyak-mithyAdRSTi (mizradRSTi) samyakdRSTi krama tattvArthasUtra kasAyapAhuDa samavAyAMga/SaTkhaNDAgama mithyAtva micchAdiTThi (mithyAdRSTi) micchAdiTThi (mithyAdRSTi) sasvAdana samyakadRSTi (sAsAyaNa-sammAdiTThI sammA-micchAiTThI (missagaM) sammA-micchAdiTaThI (samyak-mithyAdRSTi) samyakadRSTi sammAiTThI (samyakadRSTi) aviraya sammAdiTaThI aviradIe 5. zrAvaka viradAvirade (virata-avirata) virayArie (virata-avirata) desavirayI (sAgAra) saMjamAsaMjama virada (saMjama) pamattasaMjae 7. anantaviyojaka daMsaNamoha uvasAmage (darzana moha- apamatasaMjae upazAmaka) . . 8. darzanamoha kSapaka daMsaNamoha khavage (darzana moha-kSapaka) nimaTTibAyare 9. (cAritramoha) caritamohassa upasAmage aniaTTibAyare upazamaka (uvasAmaNA) pramattasaMyata apramattasaMyata zramaNa, janavarI-mArca, 1992 apUrvakaraNa anivRttikaraNa

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10. - 11. upazAnta ( cAritra) moha ( cAritramoha) kSapaka 12. kSINamoha 13. jina 14. suhamarAgo (suhumamhi samparAye ) uvasaMta kasAya khavage 1 khINamoha (chadumatthovedago) jiNa kevalI sabvaNhU savvadarisI ( jJAtavya hai ki cUNi meM 'sajogijiNo' zabda hai mUla meM nahIM hai ) cUrNa meM yoganirodha kA ullekha hai suhuma saMparAe uvasaMta mohe khINamohe sajogI kevalI sUkSmasamparAya upazAnta- moha kSINamoha sayogI kevalI guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa 43

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candrakavedhyaka (prakIrNaka) eka AlocanAtmaka paricaya -sureza sisodiyA vartamAna meM AgamoM ke aMga, upAMga, chedasUtra, mUlasUtra, cUlikAsUtra tathA prakIrNaka vibhAga kiye jAte haiN| yaha vibhAgIkaraNa hameM sarvaprathama vidhimArgaprapA (jinaprabha 13vIM zatAbdI) meM prApta hotA hai / sAmAnyatayA prakIrNakoM kA artha vividha viSayoM para saMkalita grantha hI kiyA jAtA hai| nandIsUtra ke TIkAkAra malayagiri ke anusAra tIrthaGkaroM dvArA upadiSTa zruta kA anusaraNa karake zramaNa, prakIrNakoM kI racanA karate the / paramparAgata mAnyatA hai ki pratyeka zramaNa, eka-eka prakIrNaka kI racanA karatA thaa| samavAyAMgasUtra meM "corAsIiM paNNaga sahassAI paNNattA" kahakara RSabhadeva ke caurAsI hajAra ziSyoM ke caurAsI hajAra prakIrNakoM kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai| Aja yadyapi prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA nizcita nahIM hai phira bhI Aja 45 AgamoM meM dasa prakIrNaka mAne jAte haiM / ye dasa prakIrNaka nimnalikhita haiM (1) catuHzaraNa, (2) AturapratyAkhyAna, (3) bhaktaparijJA, (4) saMstAraka, (5) taMdulavaicArika, (6) candrakavedhyaka, (7) devendrastava, (4) gaNividyA, (9) mahApratyAkhyAna aura (10) vIrastava / ina dasa prakIrNakoM ke nAmoM meM bhI bhinnatA dekhI jA sakatI hai| kucha granthoM meM candrakavedhyaka aura vIrastava ke sthAna para maraNasamAdhi Agama, ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna padminI mArga, udayapura (rAja.) 1. vidhimArgaprapA-sampA0 jinavijaya, pRSTha ' 5 2. samavAyAMgasUtra-sampA0 muni madhukara, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara; prathama saMskaraNa 1982, 84 vA~ samavAya, pR0 143 / 3. paiNNa yasutAI-sampA0 muni puNyavijaya, prakA0 zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyA laya, bambaI; bhAga-1, prathama saMskaraNa 1984, prastAvanA pR0 20 /

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46 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1992 aura gacchAcAra ko ginA gayA hai| kahIM saMstAraka ko nahIM ginakara usake sthAna para gacchAcAra aura maraNa-samAdhi ko ginA gayA hai|' nandI aura pAkSika ke utkAlika sUtroM ke varga meM devendrastava, taMdulavaicArika, candrakavedhyaka, gaNividyA, maraNavibhakti, AturapratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna-ye sAta prakIrNaka tathA kAlikasUtroM ke varga meM RSibhASita aura dvIpasAgaraprajJapti-ye do prakIrNaka, arthAt vahA~ kula nau prakIrNakoM kA ullekha milatA hai / yadyapi prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA aura nAmoM ke viSaya meM matabheda dekhA jAtA hai, kintu yaha sunizcita hai 'ki prakIrNakoM ke sabhI vargIkaraNoM meM candrakavedhyaka ko sthAna milA hai| isakA paricaya denA hI isa lekha kA abhISTa hai| canTakavedhyaka prakIrNaka__candrakavedhyaka 175 gAthAoM kI padyAtmaka racanA hai| sarvaprathama isakA ullekha nandIsUtra evaM pAkSikasUtra meM upalabdha hotA hai| ukta donoM hI granyoM meM yaha Avazyaka vyatirikta zruta ke antargata samAviSTa 1. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa-jaina, jagadIza candra, prakA0 caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI; I0 san 1961, pRSTha 123 / 2. dekheM-vahI pR0 123 TippaNI / 6. (ka) nandIsUtra-sampA0 muni madhukara, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara; I0 san 1982, pR0 161-162 (kha) pAkSikasUtra---prakA0 devacandra lAla bhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, pR0 76 / 4. (ka) ukkAliaM aNegavihaM paNNataM taM jahA-(1) dasaveAliaM,... (15) caMdAvijjhayaM,' (19) mahApaccakkhANaM, evamAi / ---nandIsUtra, pR0 161-162 / (kha) namo tesiM kha mAsamaNANaM, ....' 'aMgAbahiraM ukkAliyaM bhagavaMtA / taMjahA--dasaveAliaM (1), caMdAvijjhayaM (14). mahApaccakkhANaM (28) --pAkSikasUtra, pR0 76 /

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candra kavedhyaka 7 vibhinna AgamoM meM candravedhyaka ke bhinna-bhinna nAma prApta hote haiM, yathA-caMdAvejjhayaM, caMdagavejhaM, caMdAvijjhayaM, caMdayavejhaM, caMdagavijjhaM aura cNdgvijjhyN| ina nAmoM ke kramazaH kaI saMskRta rUpAntaraNa banate haiM, jaise -candrAvedhyaka, candravedhyaka, candrakavedhya, candrakavedhyaka, candrAvidhyaka, candravidyA aura cndrkvidhyk| sahI nAma nirdhArita kara pAnA yadyapi sahaja nahIM hai, kintu spaSTa hai ki ina sabhI nAmoM meM artha kI dRSTi se koI bhinnatA nahIM hai| jo kucha bhinnatA hai, vaha mAtra zAbdika bhinnatA hI hai| jaina vidyA ke bahuzruta vidvAn padmabhUSaNa paM0 dalapukhamAI mAlatraNiyA ke anusAra isa graMtha kA 'candrakavedhyaka' nAma sarvAdhika upayukta hai|" lekhaka evaM racanAkAla candrakavedhyaka ke lekhaka ke sambandha meM kahIM para bhI koI nirdeza upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| prApta saMketoM ke AdhAra para mAtra yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha pAMcavIM zatAbdI yA usake pUrva ke kisI sthavira AcArya kI kRti hai| lekhaka ke sandarbha meM kisI bhI prakAra kA saMketa sUtra upalabdha na ho pAne ke kAraNa isa saMbaMdha meM kucha bhI kahanA kaThina hai| candrakavedhyaka kA ullekha nandIsutra evaM pAkSikasUtra ke atirikta nandINi aura nizIthacUrNi meM bhI milatA hai| cUrNiyoM kA kAla lagabhaga 6-7 vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai ataH candrakavedhyaka kA racanAkAla isase pUrva hI honA caahie| pUnaH isa grantha kI upalabdha tAr3apatrIya pratiyA~ bhI siddha karatI haiM ki yaha prAcIna hone ke sAtha-sAtha bahupracalita grantha rahA hai| candrakavedhyaka ke bhASAyI svarUpa para vicAra karane se jJAta hotA hai ki anya prakIrNakoM kI apekSA candravedhyaka meM upalabdha hone vAlI gAthAoM kA bhASAyI svarUpa adhika prAcIna pratIta hotA hai, kintu mAtra bhASAyI svarUpa ke AdhAra para bhI isa grantha kI prAcInatA ko siddha karanA kaThina hai| 1. vyaktigata carcA ke anusAra /

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zramaNa ; janavarI-mArca, 1992 candrakavedhyaka prakIrNaka kI 175 gAthAoM meM se 6 gAthAe~ - uttarAdhyayana, jJAtAdharmakathA tathA anuyogadvAra Adi AgamoM meM, 11 gAthAe~ -- Avazyaka niyukti, uttarAdhyayana niyukti, dazanaikAlika niyukti tathA oghaniyukti Adi meM, 34 gAthAe~ - maraNavibhakti, bhaktaparijJA, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, titthogAlI, ArAdhanApatAkA tathA gacchAcAra Adi prakIrNakoM meM evaM 5 gAthAe~ vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM milatI haiM / sAtha hI digambara evaM yApanIya paramparA ke mAnya granthoM - bhagavatI ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, niyamasAra, suttapAhuDa Adi meM lagabhaga 16 gAthAe~ isa prakIrNaka kI milatI haiM / ye sabhI grantha pA~cavIM - chaThIM zatAbdI ke madhya ke haiM, isa AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki candravedhyaka chaThIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kI racanA hai / 48 viSaya vastu - ' candrakavedhyaka' zIrSaka se hI yaha spaSTa hai ki isa grantha meM pratipAdita AcAra ke jo niyama Adi batAe gae haiM, unakA pAlana kara pAnA candrakavedha ( rAdhA - vedha) ke samAna hI muzkila hai / isa grantha meM sAta dvAroM (adhyAyoM) meM sAta guNoM kA varNana isa prakAra hai1. vinaya guNa 'vinaya guNa' nAmaka prathama dvAra meM yaha varNana prApta hotA hai ki kisI ziSya kI mahAnatA usake dvArA arjita vyApaka jJAna para nirbhara nahIM hai varan usakI vinayazIlatA para AdhArita hai / gurujanoM kA tiraskAra karane vAle vinaya rahita ziSya ke lie yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki vaha loka meM kIrti aura yaza prApta nahIM karatA hai, vinaya pUrvaka vidyA grahaNa karane vAle ziSya ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha sarvatra vizvAsa aura kIrti prApta karatA hai / vidyA aura guru kA tiraskAra karane vAle tathA mithyAtva se yukta hokara lokaiSaNA meM pha~se rahane vAle vyaktiyoM ko RSighAtaka taka kahA gayA hai / vidyA isa loka meM hIM nahIM varan paraloka meM bhI sukha pradAna karane vAlI batalAyI gayI hai / vidyA pradAna karane vAle AcArya aura ziSya ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki jaise samasta vidyAoM ke pradAtA guru kaThinAI se milate haiN| vaise hI cAroM kaSAyoM tathA kheda se rahita sarala citta vAle ziSya bhI muzkila se milate haiM /

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candra kavedhyaka 49 2. prAcArya guNa vinaya guNa ke pazcAt AcArya guNa kI carcA hai| pRthvI ke samAna sahanazIla, parvata kI taraha akampita, dharma meM sthita, candramA kI taraha saumyakAMti vAle, samudra ke samAna gaMbhIra tathA deza-kAla ke jJAtA AcAryoM kI sarvatra prazaMsA hotI hai| ___saMkhyA meM barAbara hote hue bhI isa grantha meM batAye gaye AcArya ke chattIsa guNa bhagavatI ArAdhanA,' mUlAcAra, pravacanasAroddhAra Adi granthoM meM prApta guNoM se bhinna haiN| __ AcAryoM kI mahAnatA ke sandarbha meM kahA gayA hai ki inakI bhakti se jIva isa loka meM kIti aura yaza ko prApta karatA hai aura paraloka meM vizuddha devayoni ko prApta karatA hai| AcAryoM ke vandana kI mahattA kA jaisA ullekha isa grantha meM milatA hai vaisA zAyada hI kisI anya grantha meM milatA ho| grantha meM kahA hai-isa loka ke jIva to kyA devaloka meM sthita devatA bhI apane Asana evaM zayyA Adi kA tyAgakara apsarA samUha ke sAtha AcAryoM kI vandanA karane ke lie jAte haiN| 3. ziSya guNa ziSya guNa ke sandarbha meM kahA gayA hai ki nAnA prakAra se pariSahoM ko sahana karane vAle, lAbha-hAni meM samabhAva se rahane vAle, alpa icchA meM santuSTa rahane vAle, Rddhi ke abhimAna se rahita, dasa prakAra kI sevA-suzrUSA meM sahaja, AcArya kI prazaMsA karane vAle tathA saMgha kI sevA karane vAle evaM aise hI vividha guNoM se sampanna ziSya kI kuzala. jana prazaMsA karate haiN| 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA (zivArya)-sampA0 paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, prAka0 jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApUra, prathama saMskaraNa I0 san 1918, gAthA 419-427 / 2. mUlAcAra (vaTThakera)- sampA* paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, prakA0 bhAratIya zAnapITha, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa 1984, gAthA 158-159 / 3. pravacanasAroddhAra-prakA0 devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, I0 man 1922, gAthA 541-549 /

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50 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca, 1992 ziSya kisake hote haiM ? isake uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki samasta ahaMkAroM ko naSTakara jo ziSya zikSita hotA hai, usake bahuta se ziSya hote haiM, kintu kuziSya ke koI bhI ziSya nahIM hote| zikSA kise denI cAhie, isa sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki kisI ziSya meM saikar3oM dUsare guNa bhale hI kyoM na hoM, kintu yadi usameM vinaya guNa nahIM hai to aise putra ko bhI vAcanA na dI jAe, phira guNa-vihIna ziSya ko to kyA ? arthAt use to vAcanA dI hI nahIM jA sktii| 4. vinaya-nigraha guNa-- ___candrakavedhyaka meM vinaya guNa aura vinaya-nigraha guNa ye do svatantra dvAra haiM, kintu viSayavastu para dRSTipAta se yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA ki vinaya guNa aura vinaya-nigraha guNa meM kyA antara hai ? donoM hI dvAroM meM pradatta vivaraNa kA tAtparya vinamratA yA AjJApAlana se hI hai| vaise vinaya zabda vinamratA ke sAtha-sAtha AcAra-niyamoM kA bhI sUcaka hai| vinaya-nigraha dvAra meM jo gAthAe~ haiM, unakA tAtparya bhI AcAra-niyama se hI pratiphalita hotA hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai vinaya-nigraha guNa se lekhaka kA tAtparya Agamokta AcAra-niyamoM ke paripAlana se hI rahA hogaa| vinaya-nigraha guNa nAmaka isa pariccheda meM vinaya ko mokSa kA dvAra kahA gayA hai aura sadaiva vinaya kA pAlana karane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| sabhI karmabhUmiyoM meM ananta jJAnI jinendra devoM dvArA bhI sarvaprathama vinaya guNa ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai tathA ise mokSa mArga meM le jAne vAlA zAzvata guNa kahA gayA hai| manuSyoM ke sampUrNa sadAcAra kA sAratattva bhI vinaya meM hI pratiSThita honA batalAyA hai| Age yaha bhI kahA hai ki vinaya rahita to nirgrantha sAdhu bhI prazaMsita nahIM hote| 5. jJAna guNa____ 'jJAna guNa' nAmaka pA~caveM dvAra meM jJAna guNa ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki ve puruSa dhanya haiM, jo jinendra bhagavAn dvArA upadiSTa ati vistRta jJAna ko samagratayA nahIM jAnate hue bhI cAritra sampanna haiM / jJAta doSoM kA parityAga aura guNoM kA paripAlana-ye hI dharma ke sAdhana kahe gaye haiN|

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bandra kavedhyaka 51 jJAna kI mahattA kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki isa loka meM atyadhika sundara evaM vilakSaNa hone se kyA lAbha ? kyoMki loka meM to loga candramA kI taraha vidvAn ke mukha ko hI dekhate haiN| jJAna ko hI mukti kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki jJAnI vyakti saMsAra meM paribhramaNa nahIM karatA hai| sAdhaka ke lie kahA gayA hai ki jisa eka pada dvArA vyakti vItarAga ke mArga meM pravRtti karatA hai, mRtyu samaya meM bhI usa pada ko nahIM chor3anA caahie| cAritra guNa__ cAritra guNa nAmaka chaThe dvAra meM una puruSoM ko prazaMsanIya batalAyA gayA hai, jo gRhastharUpI bandhana se pUrNataH mukta hokara jinendra bhagavAn dvArA upadiSTa muni-dharma ke AcaraNa hetu pravRtta hote haiN| dRr3ha dhairya vAle manuSyoM ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki ve duHkhoM ke pAra cale jAte haiN| Age yaha bhI kahA hai ki krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, arati aura jugupsA ko samApta kara dene vAle udyamI puruSa hI paramasukha ko khoja pAte haiN| cAritra zuddhi ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki pAMca samitiyoM aura tIna guptiyoM meM jisakI nirantara mati hai tathA jo rAga-dveSa nahIM karatA hai, usI kA cAritra zuddha hotA hai| / prastuta grantha meM ratnatraya meM se samyagdarzana kI prAthamikatA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| buddhimAn puruSa ko cAhie ki vaha darzana ko pakar3a rakhe, kyoMki cAritra rahita vyakti to bhaviSya meM samyak cAritra kA anusaraNa karake siddha ho sakate haiM, kintu darzana rahita vyakti kabhI bhI siddha nahIM ho skte| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI samyakjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI apekSA samyakadarzana ko hI prAthamikatA dI gaI hai|' tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti ne bhI apane grantha meM darzana ko jJAna aura cAritra ke pahale sthAna diyA hai| AcArya kundakunda darzanapAhuDa meM 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra-sampA0 muni madhukara, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara; adhyayana 28-29 / 2. "samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANimokSamArgaH |"-tttvaarthsuutr- vivecaka paM0. phUlacanda zAstrI, prakA0 zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI diga0 saMsthAna, vArANasI, sUtra 1 / 1 /

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zramaNa , janavarI-mArca, 1992 kahate haiM ki dharma arthAt sAdhanAmArga darzana pradhAna hai|' bhaktaparijJA prakIrNaka meM bhI darzana ko hI prAthamikatA dI gaI hai| 7. maraNa guNa 'maraNa guNa' nAmaka sAtaveM aura antima dvAra meM granthakAra samAdhimaraNa kI utkRSTatA kA bodha karAte haiM / ve kahate haiM ki viSayasukhoM kA nivAraNa karane vAlI puruSArthI AtmA mRtyu samaya meM samAdhimaraNa kI gaveSaNA karane vAlI hotI hai / yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki sAdhu kucha samAdhimaraNa prApta kara pAte haiM, adhikAMza kA samAdhimaraNa nahIM hotA hai / kauna vyakti lakSya prApta kara sakatA hai ? isa viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki vinizcita buddhi se apanI zikSA kA smaraNa karane vAlA vyakti hI kase hue dhanuSa para tIra car3hAkara candraka arthAt yantra cAlita putalI ke akSikA-golaka ko vedha pAtA hai, jo thor3A sA bhI pramAda karatA hai vaha lakSya ko nahIM vedha pAtA / vastutaH candrakavedhyaka kA artha lakSya ko prApta karanA hI hai| samAdhimaraNa kise hotI hai ? isa viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki samyak buddhi ko prApta, antima samaya meM sAdhanA meM vidyamAna, pApa karma kI AlocanA, nindA aura gardA karane vAle vyakti kA maraNa hI zuddha hotA hai arthAt usakA hI samAdhimaraNa hotA hai / kaSAya kisI vyakti kA kitanA ahita kara sakate haiM, yaha darzAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jisa vyakti ne karor3a pUrva varSa se kucha kama varSa taka cAritra kA pAlana kiyA ho; aise dIrgha saMyamI vyakti ke cAritra ko bhI kaSAya kSaNabhara meM naSTa kara dete haiN| ___sAdhucaryA kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki ve sAdhu dhanya haiM, jo sadaiva rAga rahita, jinavacanoM meM lIna tathA nivRtta kaSAya vAle haiM evaM Asakti aura mamatA rahita hokara apratibaddha vihAra karane vAle, nirantara sadguNoM meM ramaNa karane vAle tathA mokSa mArga meM lIna rahane vAle haiN| 1. darzanapAhuDa, 2 / 2. bhattapaiNNA-paiNNayasutAiM.-sampA0 muni puNyavijaya, gAthA 65-66 /

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candra kavedhyaka 53 buddhimAn puruSa ke lie kahA gayA hai ki vaha guru ke samakSa sarvaprathama apanI AlocanA aura Atma-niMdA kare, tatpazcAt guru jo prAyazcitta de, usakI svIkRti rUpa 'icchAmi khamAsamaNo' ke pATha se guru ko vandana kare aura guru ko kahe ki Apane mujhe nistArita kiyaa| Asakti tyAga para bala dete hue kahA hai ki mRtyu samaya meM sonAcA~dI, dAsa-dAsI, dhana-vaibhava yahA~ taka ki parijana Adi kucha bhI manuSya ke sahAyaka nahIM hote / Atma-samAdhi kI apekSA ye sabhI tuccha haiM / samAdhimaraNa ke icchuka vyakti sAMsArika vastuoM ke prati kisI taraha kI Asakti nahIM rakhate haiM, ve isa hetu apane zarIra ke moha kA bhI tyAga kara dete haiN| grantha kA samApana yaha kahakara kiyA gayA hai ki vinayaguNa, AcArya guNa, ziSya guNa, vinaya-nigraha guNa, jJAna guNa, cAritra guNa aura maraNa guNa vidhi ko sunakara unheM usI prakAra dhAraNa kareM, jisa prakAra ve zAstra meM pratipAdita haiN| isa prakAra kI sAdhanA se garbhavAsa meM nivAsa karane vAle jIvoM ke janma-maraNa, punarbhava, durgati aura saMsAra meM gamanAgamana samApta ho jAte haiM / [prastuta lekha Agama saMsthAna, udayapura dvArA prakAzita candrakavedhyaka prakIrNaka grantha kI bhUmikA ko AdhAra banAkara likhA gayA hai / grantha kI bhUmikA lekhaka ne pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI ke nidezaka pro. sAgaramala jaina ke sahayoga se likhI hai, ataH lekhaka unake prati AbhArI hai]

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zramaNa evaM brAhmaNa paramparA meM 'parameSThI' pada ___-sAdhvI DA0 surekhA zrI* 'paMca parameSThI' jaina dharma kI AdhArazilA kahI jAtI hai| yaha 'namaskAra maMtra' kA apara nAma hai / arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sAdhu-ye paMca pada parameSThI rUpa se khyAti prApta haiM / jaina dharma ke sabhI sampradAya cAhe digambara ho yA zvetAmbara sabhI ne eka svara se isakI mahimA gAI hai| anAdinidhana aura zAzvata isa maMtra kA gaurava adyApi akSaNNa aura yathAvat hai| yahA~ zodha kA viSaya yaha hai ki yaha namaskAra mahAmaMtra parameSThI pada para kaba sthApita huA? ye paMca pada parameSThI saMjJA para kaise adhirUr3ha hue ? ___ AgamoM meM namaskAra maMtra ke sthAna para 'paMca maMgala mahAzrutaskaMdha' aisA ullekha milatA hai| zvetAmbara AgamoM meM sarvaprathama isakA ullekha 'vyAsyAprajJapti' (bhagavatI sUtra), prajJApanA, pazcAt mahAnizItha meM kiyA gayA hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti aura prajJApanA meM mAtra maMgala ke rUpaullekha haiM / jabaki mahAnizItha sUtra meM isakA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai / bhagavatI sUtra ke vRttikAra zrImad abhayadeva sUri ne isa para vistRta TIkA kI hai| isa TIkA meM ise paMcaparameSThI pada se sthAnasthAna para sammAnita kiyA hai| mahAnizItha sUtra jo ki AgamAntargata khyAti prApta hai, vahA~ ise 'paMcamaMgala mahAzrutaskaMdha' se sambodhita kiyA hai / ' mAtra eka hI sthala hai jahA~ parameSThI zabda prayukta hai / parantu vahA~ ina pA~coM padoM ko parameSThI rUpa prApta nahIM hotA, mAtra arhanta pada ke sAtha hI parameSThI pada prayukta kiyA hai| isase tAtparya yaha nikAlA *L. D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad 1. mahAnizItha sUtra, a0 3 sU0 13 2. vahI a0 3 sU0 14

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zramaNa, janavarI-mArca, 1992 jA sakatA hai ki yaha parameSThI zabda / pada taba taka rUr3ha yA pracalita na huA ho ? athavA 'mahAnizIthakAra' ne 'paMcamaMgala mahAzruta skaMdha' zabda adhika upayukta samajhA ho kyoMki mahAnizItha sUtra meM upadhAna vidhi ke antargata isakI carcA kI hai / athavA yaha sarva maMgaloM meM pramukha tathA prathama maMgala svarUpa hone se bhI ho sakatA hai ki ise paMcamaMgala mahAzrutaskaMdha kahA gayA ho athavA paMcamaMgalamahAzruta skaMdha zabda parameSThI zabda se adhika mAhAtmya lie hue ho ? 56 isase pazcAdvartI graMthoM meM granthakAroM ne parameSThI pada kA prayoga pracuratA se kiyA hai| digambara zruta sAhitya meM AcArya kuMdakuMda racita 'mokSapAhuDa' meM spaSTatayA ullikhita hai ki - arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ye pA~ca parameSThI haiM / ve AtmA ke viSaya meM ceSTA rUpa haiM, AtmA kI avasthA hai, isalie nizcaya se mujhe AtmA kA hI zaraNa hai / zrI kuMdakuMdAcArya ( pahalI zatI) ne spaSTatayA ina pA~ca padoM kA parameSThI rUpa se vidhAna kiyA hai| isake atirikta 'svayaMbhU stotra' ke TIkAkAra ne isakI vyAkhyA kI hai, jo parama pada meM sthita hai, vaha parameSThI hai / 2 'bhAva pAhuDa' tathA 'samAdhi zataka' meM varNana hai, jo iMdra, caMdra, dharaNendra ke dvArA vaMdita aise parama pada meM sthita hai, vaha parameSThI hotA hai / isa prakAra sarvaprathama kuMdakuMdAcArya ke sAhitya meM isakI upalabdhi hotI hai / pazcAdvartI aneka graMthoM meM parameSThI zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / jaina vAGmaya ke atirikta jainetara sAhitya meM 'parameSThI' zabda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai yA nahIM ? usa para bhI hama dRSTipAta kareM / bhAratIya vAGmaya meM prAcInatA kI apekSA vedoM kA mahattva sarvAdhika hai / vedoM meM 'parameSThI' pada kA ullekha kahA~-kahA~ kisa saMdarbha meM huA hai, usakA Akalana kareMge / 1. mokSa pAhuDa, gA0 104 2. sva. stotra TI0 39 3. bhA0pA0TI0 149-293-8; samAdhi za0 TI0 6 225

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zramaNa evaM brAhmaNa paramparA meM 'parameSThI' pada vaidika saMdarbha meM prayukta parameSThI__ adhyAtma aura sRSTi vidyA kA akSaya bhaMDAra hone se hindU saMskRti meM vedoM ko atyadhika mahattva diyA hai| sva-svarUpa ko pahacAna kara parama-pada kI sthiti ko kisa prakAra prApta karake jIvana saphala banAyA jAya, yaha vedoM meM sundara rIti se pratipAdita hai| ___ atharvaveda ke antargata 'parameSThI' pada kA ullekha anekazaH kiyA gayA hai| vedoM ko sAyaNAcArya, sAtavalekara tathA sAMkalezvara kI vyAkhyAoM ne bodhagamya aura suspaSTa kara diyA hai| yahA~ samanvita rUpa se parameSThI pada kI vyAkhyA kA nirUpaNa kreNge| prathama kAMDa ke antargata 'dharmapracAra' sUkta meM parameSThI pada kA nirdeza hai ki 'he parameSThI ! (zreSTha sthAna meM rahane vAle) jJAna ko prApta karane vAle agne ! tU tole hue ghI Adi kA bhojana kara aura duSToM ko vilApa kraa|' yahA~ sAyaNAcArya 'parameSThI' kI vyAkhyA karate haiM'utkRSTasthAne tiSThatIti prmesstthii| svargAdyutkRSTa sthAna nivAsin / tiSThate auNAdikaH kinipratyayaH / 2 sAyaNAcArya kA abhiprAya hai ki jo svargAdika utkRSTa sthAna meM sthita hai, vaha parameSThI hai| sAtavalekara isakI vyAkhyA anya rIti se karate haiM-'parame pade sthAtA' iti parameSThI / parama zreSTha avasthA meM rahane vAle, zarIra ko vaza meM rakhane vAle, jJAnI dharmopadezaka / ' __vAstava meM yaha sUkta agni sUkta hai| isa sUkta meM agni pada se kisakA grahaNa karanA cAhie ? isakA nizcaya karAne vAle ye zabda isa sUkta meM haiM-jAtavedaH, parameSThin, tanUvazin, nRcakSaH, vanditaH, itaH, devaH, agni / isameM parameSThI pada kA khulAsA karate haiM, parama pada meM Thaharane vAlA arthAt samAdhi kI aMtima avasthA ko jo prApta haiM, AtmAnubhava jisane prApta kiyA hai, turya-caturtha avasthA kA anubhava - 1. Ajyasya parameSThin jAtavedastanUvazin / athavaM0 1-7-2 - 2. atharva0 sAyaNa bhASya 1-7-2 / 3. atharva0 sAta bhASya 1-7-2

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58 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1992 guNa-dharma batAye haiM / isase karane vAlA / ' isa prakAra yahA~ agni ke spaSTa hotA hai ki yahA~ agni se tAtparya dharmopadezaka paMDita hai / AcArya sAMkalezvara ne parameSThI ko 'parama zreSTha sthAna meM rahane vAlA agni' batAyA hai / uparyukta kathana se spaSTa hai ki jo parama-pada meM sthita hai, use parameSThI kahA hai / jo parama pada meM sthita hotA hai, svAbhAvika hai vaha pUjya, AdaraNIya, vaMdanIya hotA hI hai / caturtha kAMDa meM parameSThI pada ko prajApati artha meM samAhita karate hue kathana hai - indra hI agni, parameSThI, prajApati, aura virAT hai / vahI saba manuSyoM aura prANiyoM meM vyApta hai, vahI sarvatra hai aura vahI sabako bala detA hai / sAyaNAcArya isakA vizleSaNa karate haiM ki 'parameSThI parame satyaloke sthitaH prajApatiH virAT ", arthAt jo parama satya loka meM sthita prajApati virATa hai, vahI parameSThI hai / AcArya sAtavalekara kA kathana hai ki 'prabhu hI apane rUpa se agni banA hai / vahI parameSThI (paramAtmA ) prajApati (prajA kA pAlana karane vAlA Izvara hai / saba vizva ko uThAne ke kAraNa virAT huA hai / vahI saba naroM meM vyApatA hai / vahI agni Adi meM phailA hai / vahI ratha khIMcane vAle prANiyoM meM phailA hai / vahI dRr3ha karatA hai aura vahI dhAraNa karatA hai / 6 AcArya sAMkalezvara ne prajApati aura parameSThI se dhAraNa karane vAlA indra svIkAra kiyA hai / " aSTama kAMDa meM atharvaveda meM ullekha hai - 'deva, indra, viSNu, savitA, rudro, prajApati, parameSThI, virAT vaizvAnara vagairaha sabhI RSiyoM ne 1. atharthaveda sAta0 bhASya 1-7-2 2. cahI 3. atharvaveda saMhitA vidhi bhASA bhASya 9-7-2 4. indro rUpeNAgnirvahena prajApatiH parameSThI virAT vizvAnare akramat / atharva 0 10 4-11-7 5. atharva sAyaNa0 bhASya 4-11-7 atharva 0 sAtabale0 bhA0 4-11-7 athavaM 0 vi0 bhASA0 bhA0 4-11-7 6. 7.

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zramaNa evaM brAhmaNa paramparA meM 'parameSThI' pada Akara puruSa ke hAtha meM maNi aura kavaca jaisA bAMdhA'' / yahA~ parameSThI se tAtparya kisI devatA vizeSa se hai kyoMki indra, viSNu, savitA, rudra, agni, prajApati, parameSThI, virATa, vaizvAnara Adi devatAoM ke sAtha parameSThI ko bhI devatA kahA gayA hai| yahA~ kahIM-kahIM prajApati mAtra ko parameSThI kahA gayA hai to kahIM-kahIM para parameSThI va prajApati donoM kA svatantra rUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| navama kAMDa meM gAya ke svarUpa varNana meM prajApatiparameSThI svatantra devatA kahe gaye haiN| dazama kAMDa meM parameSThI ko paramAtmasvarUpa mAnya kiyA hai| isa sandarbha meM paramAtma svarUpa parameSThI kaise prApta kiyA jAya ? isakI carcA karate hue kahA hai-"yaha puruSa zrotiya guru ko, parameSThI parama guru ko kisakI preraNA se prApta karatA hai ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate haiM ki brahma mantra se zrotiya guru jJAna ko aura brahma se parameSThI ko prApta karatA hai| yahA~ brahma se tAtparya hai jJAna arthAt jJAna se hI paramAtmA parameSThI kA jJAna hotA hai| sAtavalekarAcArya ne parameSThI zabda kI vyAkhyA gahana evaM sundara rIti se kI hai, "parameSThI" zabda kA artha hai 'paramasthAna meM rahane vAlA AtmA' / pare se pare jo sthAna hai, usameM jo rahatA hai, vaha parameSThI paramAtmA hai / (1) sthUla (2) sUkSma (3) kAraNa (4) mahAkAraNa, inase vaha pare hai, isalie usako parameSThI kiMvA "para-tame-SThI" paramAtmA kahate haiN| isakA patA jJAna se hI calatA hai| sabase pahale apane jJAna se sadguru ko prApta karatA hai, tatpazcAt usa sadguru se divya jJAna prApta karake parameSThI paramAtmA ko jAnanA 1. asmai maNiM varma badhnantu devA indro viSNu savitA rudro agniH / prajApati parameSThI virAGa vaizvAnara RSayazca sarva / atharva0 8-5-10 2. (ka) yastvA zAle nimimAya saMjabhAra vanaspatIn / prajAyai cakre tvA zAle parameSThI prajApatiH / / atharva0 9-3-11 (kha) yathA yazaH prajApatI yathAsmin parameSThini / atharva0 10-3-24, 11-5-7 3. prajApatizca parameSThI ca zRGga indraH ziro agnirlalATaM yamaH kRkATam / atharva0 9-12-1 4. kena zrotriyamApnoti, kenemaM parameSThinam / 10-2-20 brahma zrotriyamApnoti brahmamaM parameSThinam / atharva0 10-2-21

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zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1992 hotA hai| paramAtmA-svarUpa meM yahA~ parameSThI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, yaha pratIti hotI hai| isI tathya ko aura adhika spaSTa karate haiM ki jo puruSa brahma ko jAnatA hai, vaha parameSThI ko jAnatA hai jo parameSThI ko jAnatA hai vaha prajApati ko jAnatA hai| yahA~ parameSThI se tAtparya brahma se pare paramAtmA se liyA hai| brahma se uccAvasthA parameSThI paramAtmA kI hai| isI sandarbha meM sAtavalekarAcArya kA kathana hai ki 'jo puruSa meM manuSya ke andara brahma ko jAnate haiM, ve hI parameSThI paramAtmA ko jAnate haiM / yahA~ vyaSTi, samaSTi aura parameSThI kA bheda dekhanA caahie| vyaSTi eka vyakti hai, samaSTi vyakti-samUha kA nAma hai aura parameSThI sthira-cara vizva sampUrNa kA nAma hai| prastuta kANDa meM manuSya vizvavyApaka parameSThI ko kisa prakAra jAna sakatA hai isakA ullekha karate hue brahma sAkSAtkAra kI sAdhanA kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| ___ gyArahaveM kANDa meM bhI parameSThI se abhiprAya paramezvara paramAtmA kA hI hai| bArahaveM kANDa meM prajApati ko parameSThI kahakara sAtavalekarAcArya parameSThI kI vyutpatti karate haiM -'parame-sthi' 'parama ucca sthAna meM sthita' / parameSThI pada kI prApti ke lie dAna denA, satya aura tapa Adi dharma-karma jo kiye jAte haiM, mukhyataH parameSThI pada kI prApti ke lie kiye jAte haiM, aisA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 1. athartha sAtavalekara bhA0 10-2-20-21 2. (ka) ye puruSe brahma viduste viduH parameSThinam / yo veda parameSThinaM yazca veda prajApatim // atharva0 10-7-17 (kha) vyAtta parameSThino brahmaNApIpadAma tam / atharva0 10-5-42 3. atharva0 sAtavalekara bhA0 10-7-17 4. brahmacArI janayan brahmApo lokaM prajApati parameSThinaM virAjama / atharva0 11-7-7 5. idaM prApamuttamaM kANDa masya yasmAllokAt parameSThI samApa / atharva0 12-3-45 6. atharva, sAtavalekara bhASya 12-3-45

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zramaNa evaM brAhmaNa paramparA meM 'parameSThI' pada g terahaveM kANDa meM parameSThI se abhiprAya paramAtmA kA evaM vAcaspati kA hai' to paMcadaza kANDa meM parameSThI ko punaH svatantra devatA kahA gayA hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM atharvaveda meM paramAtmA, paramezvara, brahma-jJAna, prajApati, brahmA, vAcaspati Adi arthoM meM parameSThI pada prayukta huA hai / sAyaNAcArya kI apekSA sAtavalekarAcArya ne parameSThI kA hArda gUr3hatama sundara rIti se kholA hai / sAmaveda meM mAtra eka hI sthala hai, jahA~ para parameSThI pada kA ullekha kiyA hai / yahA~ parameSThI prajApati artha meM hI prayukta huA hai / atharvaveda, sAmaveda ke atirikta yajurveda meM parameSThI pada kA ullekha anekazaH kiyA gayA hai| isameM adhikAMza rUpa se parameSThI pada prajApati ke lie prayukta kiyA hai / prajApati ke atirikta brahma artha bhI parameSThI kA kiyA gayA hai| 5 1. ( ka ) rohito dyAvApRthivi jajAna tatra tantu parameSThI tatAna / atharva 0 13-1-6 ( kha ) yasmin virAT parameSThI prajApatiragnirvaizvAnara; sahaH paGktayA zritaH / atharva 0 13-3-5 (ga) vAcaspate pRthivI naH syonA syonA yonistalpA naH suzevA / ihaiva prANaH sakhye no astu taM tvA parameSThin paryagnirAyuSAvarcasA dadhAtu / 13-1-17-19 2. (ka) taM prajApatizca parameSThI ca pitA ca pitAmahacApazca zraddhA ca varSaM bhUtvAnuvya'vartayantaH / atharva0 15-7-2 61 ( kha ) sa yat sarvAnantardezAnanu vyacalat parameSThI / atharva 0 15-6-24-25 3. mayi varco athoyazo'tho yajJasya yatpayaH / parameSThI prajApatirdivi dyAmiva dRhatu / / sAmaveda 6-3-3 4. ( ka ) parameSThino vA eSa yajJo'gra AsIt tena sa tena prajApati niravAsAyayat / yaju0 tai0 saM0 1-6-9-2 (kha) parameSThyabhidhItaH prajApatirvAci vyAhRtAyAmandho'acchetaH zukla yaju0 8-54 (ga) vizvakarmA vayaH parameSThI chando basto / zukla yaju0 14-9 (gha) bhUtAnyazAmyatprajApatiH parameSThyadhipatirAsIllokaM tA'indram / zukla yaju0 14-31 paramAM kASThAmagacchat

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zramaNa, janavarI-mArca, 1992 ___ Rgveda ke dazama maNDala ke sUkta 129 meM sUktadraSTA parameSThI prajApati ko mAnya kiyA hai / vedoM meM yajurveda, atharvaveda meM parameSThI pada kA ullekha pracura mAtrA meM dRSTigata hotA hai| isameM bhI atharvaveda meM to vizAla paimAne para bhinna-bhinna artha saMkula meM parameSThI pada kA prayoga huA hai| atharvaveda kI zaunakIya zAkhA hI upalabdha hone se usakA varNana kara diyA gayA hai| kintu paippalAda atharvaveda to anupalabdha hone se usakA saMketa mAtra hI prApta hotA hai| atharvaveda meM brahmA, prajApati, paramAtmA-paramezvara, agni, dharmopadezaka, jJAnI, Adi arthoM meM parameSThI pada grAhya hai, jabaki yajurveda tathA sAmaveda meM prajApati artha iSTa hai| artha jo bhI ho, sabhI meM parama-pada-prApta arthAt jo parama pada meM sthita hai, pUjanIya hai, vaMdanIya hai, AdaraNIya hai, AcaraNIya hai, usI para parameSThI pada kI zraddhA kendrita huI hai| __ vedoM ke pazcAt hama upaniSad-sAhitya meM parameSThI pada kA nirUpaNa kreNge| (Ga) parameSThI tvA sAdayatu divaspRSThe jyotiSmatIm / zukla yaju0 15-58 parameSThI tvA sAdayatu divaspRSThe vycsvtiiN| zukla yaju0 15-64 parameSThI prajApatimabravIdupatvA'''yAnIti ... / yaju0 ta0 saM0 5-7-5-5 (ja) sa parameSThInamabravIdupatvA'''yAnIti / vahI, 5-7-5-6 vizvakarmA vayaH parameSThI chndo| vahI, 4-3-5 (a) prajApatiH parameSThayadhipatirAsIt / vahI, 4-3-10-3 (Ta) vizvaM jyotiryaccha parameSThI te'dhipati: / vahI, 4-4-6-1 (Tha) ayaM mardhA parameSThI suvarcA: samAnAnAmuttama zloko astu / vahI, 5-7-4-3 (Da) taM saMdRk prajApatiH parameSThI virAjA / vahI, 5-7-4-4 2. (ka) parameSThyadhipatimRtyurgandharvastasya vizvamapsaraso bhuvaH / . vahI, 3-4-7-2 (kha) parameSThio saumApauSNA: zyAmalalAmA stUparAH / vahI, 5-6-13-1

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zramaNa evaM brAhmaNa paramparA meM 'parameSThI' pada upaniSad meM prayukta parameSThi pada - isa saMdarbha meM hama yahA~ upaniSadoM kI carcA kareMge ki upaniSad meM isakA ullekha kahA~-kahA~ kiyA hai tathA kisa artha-saMkula meM ise nibaddha kiyA hai| vaidika sAhitya meM upaniSadoM ko vedAnta kahA jAtA hai| adhyAtma kI parAkASThA kI tulA para ise tolA gayA hai| vastutaH bhAratIya tattvajJAna aura dharma siddhAtoM ke mUla srota kA gaurava inhIM upaniSadoM ko prApta hai / yadyapi upaniSadoM kI saMkhyA bahuta hai, tathApi yahA~ para apekSita upaniSadoM mAtra kA kathana kiyA hai| jahA~-jahA~ para 'parameSThi' pada kA nirdeza kiyA hai, usa para hama dRSTipAta kreNge| prAcInatA kI dRSTi se bRhadAraNyakopaniSad vizAla evaM prAcIna hai| isameM 'parameSThi' pada kA nirdeza do sthaloM para eka samAna kiyA hai, "parameSThinaH parameSThI brahmaNo brahma svayaMbhu brahmaNe namaH"1 yahA~ brahma ko parameSThI pada se alaMkRta karake namaskAra kiyA hai| nArada parivrAjakopaniSad meM nArada zaMkA samAdhAna hetu pitAmahabrahmA ke pAsa jAte haiN| pitAmaha brahmA samAdhAna karate hue parivrAjya svarUpakrama ko nArada se kahate haiM, aisA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yahAM isa upaniSad meM brahmA ko parameSThI-pada para adhyArUr3ha kiyA hai| 1. atharva0 paipalAda :-- 17.29.17, 3.31:8; 442; 10.14.9; 12.7.14, 172620; 1816 7-9; 1.63.2; 16.132:8; 5.57; 12.2.9; 12.7.14; 16.616; 16.153.7; 12.2.9; 12.7.14; 16.61.6; 16.1537; 17.8.8; 1728.4; 4'30.8; 17.21.5, 5.14.4; 17.113 1.53.1-2; 3.25.13; 4.8.13; 4.27.2; 9.23.17; 10.10.1 10.1610; 127deg14; 135.11; 13.12.3; 1627.10;16 40.3 16.139.1; 17.29.17; 17.40.5; 18 15 6; 2041.8. 1. bRhadAraNyaka u0 4-6-3, 2-6-3 2. nArada pari. u. 2-8-1 (a) nAradena prAthita parameSThI sarvataH sarvAnavalokya / (ba) vidhivad brahma niSThA paraM parameSThinaM natvA stutvA yathocitaM /

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zramaNa, janavarI-mArca, 1992 kaivalyopaniSad meM bhI brahmA kA parameSThi artha paraka lete hue kathana kiyA hai ki, 'azvalAyana RSi bhagavAn parameSThi brahmA ke pAsa Akara kahane lage " / 64 jahA~ ina upaniSadoM meM parameSThi saMjJA se brahmA artha liyA hai, vahA~ anya sthala para viSNu arthaghaTana bhI kiyA hai / mahopaniSad meM isa viSNu artha kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 2 brahmA-viSNu ke sAtha-sAtha prajApati ko bhI parameSThi-saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai / avyaktopaniSad tathA jaiminIya upaniSad meM parameSThi- prajApati ko kahA gayA hai / brahmA, viSNu tathA prajApati ina tInoM ko parameSThi pada meM ghaTita karane kA hetu yahI ho sakatA hai ki ye deva tattva meM adhiSThita haiM / deva-tatva meM pratiSThita hone se inakI parama pada meM sthiti honI bhI Avazyaka hai / jo parama pada meM sthita hai, paramAtma svarUpa hai svAbhAvika hai ki parama - uccAvasthA ko prApta, parama-pada meM sthita hogA hI / brahmA, viSNu, prajApati ina tInoM ko hI parameSThi-pada se suzobhita nahIM kiyA varan vyApaka Atma svarUpa ko bhI parameSThi-pada siMhAsana para ArUr3ha kiyA hai / parama Atma sthiti kA kathana bASkalamantropaniSad meM kiyA hai| " ahamasmi jaritA sarvatomukhaH paryAraNaH parameSThI nRcakSAH / ahaM viSva'hamasmi prasatvAnahameko'smi yadi daM nu kiM ca / * 1. OM athAzvalAyano bhagavantaM parameSThinamupasametyovAca / kaivalyopaniSad - 1-1 2. parameSThyapi niSThAvAnhIyate harirapyajaH / bhAvo'pyabhAvamAyAti jIryante vai digIzvarAH / ma0 u0 3-51 3. (ka) avyaktopaniSad - 1 tataH parameSThI vyajAyata / (kha) jaiminIya upaniSad - 3-7-3-2, 3-3-3-3 tadetadbrahma prajApataye'bravIt prajApatiH parameSThine prAjApatyAya parameSThI prAjApatyo devAya 4. bASkala mantropaniSad - 25 1

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zramaNa evaM brAhmaNa paramparA meM 'parameSThI' pada 65 vASkalanamantropaniSad meM sarvatra Atma-sthiti kA kathana karate hue. AtmA kI vyApakatA kA svarUpa nirdeza ke saMdarbha meM parameSThi kaha kara bhI saMbodhita kiyA hai / yahA~ draSTavya hai ki namaskAra maMtra meM paMca parameSThi pada hai jo ki deva aura guru-tattva meM samAhita hai / upaniSadoM meM deva tattva ke rUpa meM brahmA-viSNu aura prajApati ko to sthAna milA hI hai sAtha hI AtmavyApakatA kI sthiti meM bhI parameSThi saMjJA dI gaI hai / namaskAra maMtra meM - arihanta, siddha AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ye paMca pada haiM / Atma-paramAtma donoM padoM meM Atma ke utkarSa ko paramasthiti' kI prApti ke sAtha kathana kiyA hai / AtmA kI vyApakatA to samAna rUpa se lakSita hotI hI hai / isa prakAra hameM vidita hotA hai ki parameSThi pada se uccatama sthAna- nivAsI kI saMjJA jaina tathA upaniSadoM meM samAna rUpa meM prApta hai / yadyapi devatva ke svarUpa meM bhinnatA hai tathApi deva svarUpa se parameSThi-pada kA kathana to kiyA hI gayA hai / purANa Adi sAhitya meM parameSThI- paurANika sAhitya meM viSNu artha meM ', mahAdeva artha meM' 'mahAbhArata' meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 'brahmapurANa' meM zAlagrAma vizeSa artha meM parameSThI pada prayukta hai / 'purANa saMgraha' meM bhI isI ke samAna prayoga kiyA hai / 'vaizvAnara saMhitA meM bhI isakI puSTi kI gaI hai / isake atirikta 'bhAgavata purANa' meM brahmA artha meM evaM viSNu artha meM prayoga 1. mahAbhArata 13-149-58 2. vahI, 3-37-58 3. brahmapurANa 4. purANasaMgraha 5. vaizvAnarasaMhitA bhAgavata purANa 2-1-30, 2-22, 3-6, 2-3-6 7. vahI, 2-1-30, 2-2-22

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66 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca, 1992 kiyA hai / zatapatha brAhmaNa meM brahmA artha meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai / " amarakoza meM brahmA tathA manusmRti meM viSNu artha meM prayukta hai / " uparokta sabhI saMdarbhoM meM parameSThI pada deva artha ko lie hue hai / pitAmaha brahmA, prajApati, viSNu, mahAdeva, zAlagrAma vizeSa Adi arthoM meM parameSThI zabda kA prayoga milatA hai / deva artha ke sAtha guru artha meM bhI parameSThI zabda kA nirdeza prApta hotA hai / 'bRhannIlatantra' meM parameSThI zabda guru artha ko lie hue hai / mahAbhArata meM ajamIr3aputra ke lie bhI parameSThI pada kA prayoga kiyA hai| mArkaNDeya purANa meM to jo paramasthAna meM sthita hai, usake lie parameSThI kA ullekha hai / tANDya brAhmaNa meM bhI prajApati kA ullekha milatA hai / " sabhI saMdarbhoM se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki sabhI majahaboM meM 'parameSThI' pada ko parama - uccAvasthA meM saMprApta Atma tattva ke lie svIkAra kiyA hai / devatattva tathA gurutattva donoM ke lie parameSThI pada sabhI ne ekamata se svIkAra kiyA hai / jaina tathA jainetara donoM meM ise sthAna diyA gayA hai / aba prazna yaha hamAre samakSa ubharatA hai ki jaina dharma meM parameSThI pada ko jitanI khyAti prApta hai, utanI anya darzanoM meM nahIM / yahA~ taka ki jainadharma meM paMca parameSThI pada hI ArAdhanA - sAdhanA kA kendra biMdu hai / parantu pracalita AgamoM meM isakA ullekha nahIM hai / taba isakA pracalita rUpa kaise praveza kara gayA / vedoM meM jaba ki anekazaH isakA prayoga hone para bhI isa pada kA pracalana dRSTigata nahIM hotA / prAcInatA kI apekSA se vedoM ko jaina AgamoM se adhika vidvadgaNoM ne mAnya kiyA hai / veda, upaniSad, brAhmaNa, purANa Adi meM bhI isakA prayoga dRSTigata hotA hai / taba kyA yaha mAnya kiyA jAya ki vedoM se yaha pada AgamoM meM prayukta huA ? athavA vedoM kA prabhAva AgamoM para par3A ? 1. zatapatha brAhmaNa 11-1-6 2. amarakoza 1-1-16 3. manusmRti 1-80 4. bRhannIlatantra 2 paTala 5. mahAbhArata 1-94-31 6. mArakaNDeya purANa 76-2 7. tANDya brAhmaNa 19-14-3

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zramaNa evaM brAhmaNa paramparA meM 'parameSThI' pada 67 bauddha darzana aura jaina darzana donoM hI samakAlIna mAnya kiye gaye haiM / bauddha tripiTakoM meM bhI isa pada kA prayoga dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| Agama aura tripiTaka donoM meM parameSThI pada na hone se yaha zaMkA honA svAbhAvika hai, kyA usa kAla-usa samaya meM isakA pracalana nahIM thA ? jaina AgamoM ko granthArUDha karane kA zreya devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ko hai / Agama jJAna usase pUrva paramparA se maukhika hI hotA thaa| guru se apane ziSya ko zrata paramparA se prApta hotA thaa| Adhunika vidvAn yaha mAnya karate haiM ki guru-ziSya paramparA se prApta zrata meM kucha skhalanA bhI hone kI saMbhAvanA hai / ataH skhalanA bhI isameM kAraNa ho sakatI hai| vedoM ko yadi AgamoM se prAcIna mAnA bhI jAya taba bhI yaha prazna ubharatA hai ki vartamAna AgamoM meM dvAdazAGgI hI dRSTigata hotA hai / dvAdazAGgI meM bhI bArahavA~ aMga 'dRSTivAda' kA bhI viccheda ho jAne se Aja mAtra ekAdaza aMga hI upalabdha haiN| AgamoM meM dvAdazAGgI ke atirikta caturdaza-pUrva kA bhI samAveza hotA hai| caudaha pUrva bhI kAla ke prabhAva se vicchinna ho gaye haiN| abhI caudaha pUrva bhI upalabdha nahIM haiM / Agamazruta Aja apUrNa hone se yaha bhI kahA nahIM jA sakatA ki yaha parameSThI pada vedoM se uddhRta hai yA vedoM kI chApa AgamoM para hai / jo bhI ho Aja jitanA pracalana parameSThI pada kA jaina dharma meM hai, utanA anya dharmoM meM nahIM / jainetara sAhitya meM aneka bAra ullekha hone para bhI vahA~ isakA pracalana adhika nahIM hai| 'paMca parameSThI' nAma se mAtra jaina dharma ko hI iMgita kiyA jAtA hai| pracalana ho yA na ho parameSThI se tAtparya sarvatra parama pada meM sthita AtmA kA, ucca-avasthA prApta deva-guru tattva kA hI liyA gayA hai / jaina dharma meM parameSThI pada ke antargata pA~ca padoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| isakI ArAdhanA/sAdhanA paMca parameSThI maMtra (namaskAra mahAmaMtra) dvArA kI jAtI hai| Agama sAhitya meM matabheda hone para bhI 'namaskAra mahAmaMtra' kA mAhAtmya sabhI sampradAyoM meM ekamata se svIkAra kiyA hai|

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RSibhASita kA sAmAjika darzana sAdhvI (DA0) pramoda kumArI bhAratIya dArzanika cintana kA vikAsa aupaniSadika, jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM se hI huaa| jainadharma ke prArambhika cintana kA rUpa hameM usake Agama sAhitya meM milatA hai| Agama sAhitya ke prAcInatama granthoM meM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, RSibhASita Adi grantha Ate haiN| RSibhASita jaina paramparA meM mAnya to rahA kintu isameM jaina paramparA ke sAtha-sAtha aupaniSadika evaM bauddha paramparAoM ke RSiyoM ke vicAra bhI saMkalita hone ke kAraNa isake adhyayana kI upekSA hotI rhii| yadyapi RSibhASita meM jJAna-mImAMsA, tattvamImAMsA aura nItizAstra sambandhI tathyoM kA hI pramukhatA se ullekha hai kintu bIja rUpa meM kahIM-kahIM sAmAjika cintana ke bhI tattva pAye jAte haiN| prastuta nibandha meM inhIM tathyoM ke vizleSaNa kA eka saMkSipta prayAsa, tannihita nimnalikhita binduoM ko AdhAra mAnakara kiyA gayA hai () varNa vyavasthA evaM puruSArtha catuSTaya (ii) vyakti ke sudhAra se samAja kA sudhAra (iii) sAmAjika aura vaiyaktika jIvana kA dvaita (iv) strI-puruSa sambandha (v) pArivArika sambandha / RSibhASita aura varNa-vyavasthA vaidika sAhitya meM jahA~ cAra varNoM kI kalpanA paramapuruSa ke bAra aMgoM ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai; usake viparIta zramaNa paramparAoM meM pahale Arya aura anArya aise hI do prakAra ke varga milate haiN| RSibhASita meM bhI AryAyaNa nAmaka unnIsaveM adhyAya meM Arya aura anArya kI yaha

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zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1992 carcA upalabdha hotI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki anArya vicAra aura anArya AcAra tathA anArya mitroM kA parityAga kara, Aryatva ko prApta karane ke lie samupasthita hoN|' kyoMki AryoM kA jJAna zreSTha hotA hai, Arya kA darzana zreSTha hotA hai aura Arya kA caritra zreSTha hotA hai; isalie Aryatva kA hI sevana karanA cAhiye / isa prakAra RSibhASita prathamataH samAja ko Arya aura anArya aise do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karatA hai| kintu yaha spaSTa hai ki bhArata meM RSibhASita ke kAlataka varNavyavasthA kI avadhAraNA suspaSTa ho cakI thii| zramaNa paramparAoM ne varNavyavasthA kI isa avadhAraNA ko svIkAra to kiyA kintu ve isa bAta se sahamata nahIM huI ki yaha varNavyavasthA janmanA hai / unhoMne varNavyavasthA ko karmaNA hI mAnA aura yaha mAnA ki vyakti ke karma aura AcaraNa ke AdhAra para yaha varNa-parivartana sambhava hai / jaina paramparA ke prAcInatama grantha uttarAdhyayana, jo ki kisI samaya RSibhASita ke sAtha hI praznavyAkaraNa kA eka aMga mAnA jAtA thA, meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki vyakti karma se hI brAhmaNa, bhatriya, baizya aura udra hotA hai / 3 barNavyavasthA kI yaha karmaNA avadhAraNA na kevala jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM, apitu bhagavadgItA meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai| usameM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki guNa aura karma ke mAdhAra para hI ina cAroM vargoM ko sRSTa kiyA gayA hai| RSibhASita meM spaSTa rUpa se ina cAroM vargoM kA ullekha hI nahIM hai apitu yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki apane varNa ke nirdhArita karma kA parityAga karake anya varNa ke kArya karanA ucita nahIM hai| mAtaMga nAmaka RSi kahate haiM ki yadi kSatriya aura vaNik yajJa-yAga Adi karma kareM aura brAhmaNa zastrajIvI hoM, to yaha aisA hI hogA jaise viparIta dizAoM se Ate hue andha puruSa Apasa meM hI TakarA jAte haiM / brAhmaNoM ke lie spaSTa 1. isibhAsiyAI, 19-1 2. vahI, 19-5 3. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 25-33 4. dekheM, jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, . prAkRta bhAratI jayapura bhAga-2 DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, pR0 181-82. 5. isibhAsiyAI, 26-2

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RSibhASita kA sAmAjika darzana 71 rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki tuma brAhmaNa (mA haNa arthAt hiMsA nahIM karane vAle) hokara bhI yuddha kI zikSA kyoM grahaNa karate ho ? ratha aura dhanuSadhArI vyakti brAhmaNa nahIM ho sktaa| isase spaSTa rUpa se yaha phalita hotA hai ki RSibhASita meM bhI gItA ke samAna hI apane-apane varNa ke lie nizcita karma ko karane kI avadhAraNA kA samarthana dekhA jAtA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pratyeka vyakti apane guNa aura svabhAva ke AdhAra para nirdhArita varNa kA karma kare, yaha bAta RSibhASitakAra ko mAnya rahI hai| __ isaprakAra RSibhASita karmaNA AdhAra para varNavyavasthA ko mAnya karate hue bhI na to vargoM meM kisI varNa ko zreSTha aura kisI varNa ke adhama hone kA ullekha karatA hai aura na isa bAta kA hI samarthana karatA hai ki AdhyAtmika aura naitika vikAsa kI yAtrA kisI eka varNa-vizeSa kA adhikAra hai| usake anusAra AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA patha sabhI vargoM ke lie samAna rUpa se khulA huA hai, jo bhI apanI kaSAyoM ko kSINa karegA aura vizva ke samasta prANiyoM ke prati dayA yA kAruNya bhAva kA dhAraka hogA vaha vyakti cAhe brAhmaNa ho, kSatriya ho, vaizya ho yA zUdra ho vaha Atma vizuddhi ko prApta karegA aura virata. pApa hokara nirvANa kA adhikArI bnegaa| isa prakAra RSibhASita AdhyAtmika vizuddhi aura nirvANa ko prApta karane kA adhikAra kisI varNa-vizeSa ke lie surakSita nahIM rakhatA hai, apitu yaha mAnatA hai ki jo bhI vyakti adhyAtma kI sAdhanA karegA vaha nirvANa kA adhikArI hogA / saMkSepa meM RSibhASita meM varNavyavasthA kI avadhAraNA mAnya hai, kintu yaha vyavasthA janmanA na hokara karmaNA hI mAnI gaI hai / vaha yaha mAnya karatA hai ki pratyeka varNa ko apanA kArya karanA cAhie, kintu isase koI U~ca yA nIca nahIM hotA hai| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA aura nirvANa prApti kA adhikAra sabhI ko samAna rUpa se upalabdha hai, usameM yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki vyakti brAhmaNa janma se nahIM, apane naitika 1. isibhASiyAiM, 26-4 2. dekheM, jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pUrvokta pR0 181-182 3. isibhAsiyAI, 25-15

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72 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1992 caritra se banatA hai jo apanI indriyoM para niyantraNa rakhatA hai, zIlaprekSI hai, satyaprekSI hai tathA jo samasta prANiyoM ke prati karuNAzIla hai aura jisakI AtmA vizuddha hai use brAhmaNa hI kahA jAnA caahiye|' isaprakAra RSibhASita brAhmaNa kI vyAkhyA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se karatA hai| RSibhASita aura puruSArtha catuSTaya ___ RSibhASita meM hameM dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAroM hI puruSArthoM kA ullekha milatA hai| kintu zramaNa paramparA kA grantha hone ke kAraNa isameM puruSArtha catuSTaya meM se dharma aura mokSa ko hI mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki usameM artha aura kAma ina do puruSArthoM ko mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai| na to vaha kAma ke sevana ko ucita mAnatA hai aura na artha ke saJcaya evaM mahattva ko hI svIkAra karatA hai| usameM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki kAmarUpI mRSAmukhI kaiMcI, yadyapi sAmAnya dRSTi se sukha kA anusaraNa karatI huI pratIta hotI hai kintu yaha zIghra hI vyakti kI sukha aura zAnti kA chedana kara detI hai| jisa prakAra magara se yukta sarovara, viSa-mizrita nArI aura sAmiSa nadI sukha kAraka pratIta hote hue bhI antataH duHkhadAyI hI hotI hai, usI taraha bhogAkAMkSA aura vAsanA kI pUrti sukhada pratIta hote hue bhI mUlataH duHkhada hI hotI hai| RSibhASitakAra kA yaha spaSTa nirdeza hai ki kAmabhogoM ke sevana se cAhe bAhya rUpa se sukha milatA ho kintu ve AdhyAtmika samAdhi aura zAnti kA bhaMga hI karate haiN| isI prakAra artha ke sambandha meM bhI RSibhASita kA dRSTikoNa prazasta nahIM hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki bandhana sone kA ho yA lohe kA, vaha duHkha kA hI kAraNa hotA hai| bahumUlya vAle daNDa se mArane para pIr3A to hotI hI hai|4 RSibhASita ke ar3atIsaveM adhyayana meM 1. isibhAsiyAi 26-6 2. vahI, 36-12 3. vahI, 45-44,46 4. vahI, 45-50

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RSibhASita kA sAmAjika darzana 73 sAriputta kahate haiM ki 'arthAdAyI' arthAt dhanalolupa vyakti ko mana ko AkarSita karane vAlI mIThI bhASA bolane vAlA smjho| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki arthalolupa vyakti bAhara sa madhura vyavahAra karatA hai kintu vaha antara meM ahitakAraka hI hotA hai| usakI artha grahaNa kI isa visaMgatipUrNa santati paramparA ko dekhakara dhanalolupa vyakti se dUra hI rahanA caahie| isa prakAra RSibhASita meM artha aura kAma donoM hI puruSArthoM ke prati upekSAbhAva hI pradarzita kiyA gayA hai, kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki isakA mUlabhUta kAraNa bhI granthakAra kI saMnyAsamArgI jIvana-dRSTi hai| artha aura kAma donoM hI saMnyAsI ke lie bAdhaka mAne gae haiM, ataH yaha svAbhAvika hI hai ki granthakAra ina donoM puruSArthoM ke prati upekSAbhAva pradarzita kareM aura dharma aura mokSa ko hI parama puruSArtha maaneN| vyakti ke sudhAra se samAja sudhAra sAmAnyatayA RSibhASita nivRttimArgI yA saMnyAsamArgI paramparA kA grantha hai, ataH usameM sAMskRtika aura sAmAjika cintana ke jo sandarbha upalabdha haiM, ve mUlataH vairAgyavAdI prakRti ke haiM / ve manuSya ko sAMsArika jIvana se vimukha karane ke lie hI haiN| ataH usameM samAjajIvana kA yathArthavAdI pakSa anupalabdha hai, mAtra kucha AdarzavAdI saMketa-sUtra prApta haiN| usameM tyAga aura vairAgya ke jo upadeza upalabdha haiM, unake AdhAra para hama yaha kalpanA kara sakate haiM ki usa yuga ke sAmAjika jIvana meM Aja kI hI bhA~ti vyabhicAra, yuddha, saMgharSa, corI, vyAvasAyika-apramANikatA Adi aneka prakAra ke doSa rahe hoMge jinake nirAkaraNa ke liye evaM svastha sAmAjika jIvana ke nirmANa ke prayatna kiye jA rahe the| jaba RSibhASitakAra yaha kahatA hai ki hiMsA nahIM karanA cAhiye, jhUTha nahIM bolanA cAhiye, corI nahIM karanA cAhiye athavA brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA cAhiye, to isase hama yaha phalita nikAla sakate haiM ki usa yuga ke sAmAjika jIvana meM hiMsA, asatya, cauryakarma, abrahmacarya aura parigraha ke saMcaya kI pravRtti avazya upasthita rhii| 4. isibhAsiyAi 38-26

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74 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1992 hogI, kyoMki tabhI to inase virata hone kA nirdeza diyA gyaa| RSibhASita meM aneka sthaloM para hiMsA, aprAmANikatA, cauryakarma, abrahmacarya aura parigraha se virata hone ke sandarbha haiN| kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki ye sabhI mAtra vaiyaktika jIvana kI nahIM, apitu sAmAjika jIvana kI bhI burAiyA~ haiN| inase na kevala vyakti kA cAritrika patana hotA hai, apitu sAmAjika zAnti evaM sAmAjika vyavasthA bhI bhaMga hotI hai| vastutaH ye sAmAjika burAiyAM pratyeka yuga meM rahI haiN| ataH RSibhASita ke RSiyoM ne bhI apane yuga kI ina sAmAjika burAiyoM ke nirAkaraNa kA prayatna apane upadezoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA aura ve ina burAiyoM se mukta svastha-samAja kI saMracanA ke lie prayatnazIla bhI rahe hoNge| RSibhASita ke adhyayana se eka bAta spaSTa hai vaha yaha ki RSibhASita ke RSi samAja sudhAra kI bAta na karake vyakti ke sudhAra kI bAta karate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, ve samAjavAdI na hokara vyaktivAdI haiN| unakI mAnyatA yahI rahI hai ki jabataka vyakti kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa nahIM hotA hai, taba taka samAja ko ina burAiyoM se mukta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH ve vyakti-sudhAra ke Andolana ke samarthaka mAne jA sakate haiN| unakA sAmAjika darzana aura cintana isI tathya para AdhArita rahA hogA ki vyakti ke sudhAra se hI samAja kA sudhAra sambhava hai| sAmAjika aura vaiyaktika jIvana kA dvaita vartamAna yuga kI sabase mukhya burAI yaha hai ki vyakti ke jIvata meM doharApana hai aura vaha apane isa doharepana ke kAraNa sAmAjika jIvana meM bhI vaha dohare mAnadaNDoM kA prayoga karatA hai / usameM apane doSoM ko chipAne aura dUsare ke doSoM ko prakaTa karane kI pravRtti pAyI jAtI hai / RSibhASita ke 'aMgirasa' nAmaka RSi isa sambandha meM vistRta vivaraNa prastuta karate haiM / RSibhASita ke caturtha aMgirasa adhyAya se yaha spaSTa saMketa milatA hai ki usa yuga meM bhI manuSya doharA jIvana jIte the aura unake jIvana meM ekarUpatA nahIM thii| jIvana kA yaha doharApana sAmAjika kSetra meM sabase pramukha burAI kahI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki isake kAraNa eka ora pArasparika vyavahAra meM dohare mAnadaNDa khar3e hote haiM, vahI kathana aura vyavahAra meM ekarUpatA na hone ke kAraNa

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RSibhASita kA sAmAjika darzana 75 paraspara sandeha aura avizvAsa janma lete haiM, jisase samAja kI zAnti bhaMga ho jAtI hai, kyoMki samAja pArasparika vizvAsa aura naitika mAnadaNDoM kI ekarUpatA para hI khar3A hotA hai / RSibhASita meM isa sthiti para vyaMgya karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki kucha vyakti aise hote haiM jinakA sabhA meM dUsarA rUpa hotA hai thaura ekAnta meM kucha dUsarA rUpa hotA hai arthAt ve karate kucha haiM aura kahate kucha haiM / ' aMgirasa aise vyaktiyoM ke sandarbha meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahate haiM ki ve dharma ke lie sadA anupasthita rahate haiM, arthAt ve samAja vyavasthA ke lie eka abhizApa hI siddha hote haiM / isI prasaMga meM aMgirasa ne sAmAjika jIvana meM pracalita binA vicAre anukaraNa karane kI pravRtti yA bher3a cAla kI bhI nindA kI hai / ve kahate haiM ki duniyA vAle kalyANakArI ko pApakArI aura pApakArI ko sadAcArI batalAte haiM / unhoMne andhAnukaraNa kI isa pravRtti ko bhI sAmAjika jIvana ke lie eka abhizApa hI mAnA thA, kyoMki isake kAraNa samAja meM samyak guNoM ke prati sanniSThA kI sthApanA sambhava nahIM thI / RRSibhASita aura strI-puruSa sambandha RSibhASita ke sAmAjika cintana meM strI aura puruSa ke pArasparika sambandha ko lekara bhI carcA huI hai / yaha satya hai ki RSibhASita ke kucha RSi aise haiM, jo nArI kI apekSA puruSa kI jyeSThatA aura zreSThatA ko svIkAra karate haiM / RSibhASita ke bAIsaveM adhyayana meM gardabhAlI nAmaka RSi spaSTa rUpa se yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki dharma puruSa pradhAna hai / ve kahate haiM ki 'dharma puruSa se sthApita hotA hai, vaha puruSa pradhAna, puruSa - jyeSTha, puruSa - kalpita, puruSa pradyotita, puruSa samantrita aura puruSa ko kendrita karake rahatA hai / isa prakAra yahA~ dhArmika jIvana meM bhI puruSa ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai / isI adhyAya meM nArI 1. isibhAsiyAI, 4-8 2. vahI, 4-9 3. vahI 4 - 13 4. purisAdIyA dhammA purisapavarA purisa jeTThA / purisakappiyA purisapajjovitA ... ... 1 vahI, 22 - gadya bhAga

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76 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1992 nindA bhI vizeSa rUpa se dekhI jAtI hai, isameM kahA gayA hai ki ve grAma aura nagara dhikkAra ke yogya haiM, jahAM para mahilA zAsana karatI hai aura ve puruSa bhI dhikkAra ke yogya haiM, jo nArI ke vazIbhUta haiM / " nArI nindA karate hue usameM kahA gayA hai ki vaha sarpaveSThita latA ke samAna hai, jo puruSa ko AkarSita karake, use duHkhI banA detI hai / use siMhayukta svarNa guphA, puruSoM kI viSayukta mAlA, viSa mizrita gandha-guTikA tathA bha~varayukta nadI kahA gayA hai / vaha madonmatta banA dene vAlI madirA ke samAna hai / vaha kula kA nAza karane vAlI, nirdhana kA tiraskAra karane vAlI, sarvaduHkhoM kA pratiSThA sthAna aura Aryatva kA nAza karane vAlI hai jisa grAma aura nagara meM striyA~ balavAna hokara belagAma ghor3e kI taraha svacchanda hotI haiM, ve grAma aura nagara vastutaH tiraskAra ke yogya haiN| / 12 isa samasta carcA se yaha spaSTa hai ki RSibhASita ke gardabhAlI RSi spaSTa rUpa se nArI ko heya dRSTi se dekhate haiM / kintu isa AdhAra para yaha kalpanA kara lenA ki zramaNa paramparA mAtra nArI nindaka hai, ucita nahIM hogA / yaha sahI hai ki zramaNa paramparA ke aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina paramparA ke aneka granthoM jaise - sUtrakRtAMga, taMdulavaicArika Adi graMthoM meM bhI aneka pRSTha nArI nindA se bhare hue haiM kintu isa AdhAra para una granthoM athavA unase jur3I huI paramparA ko nArI nindaka mAna lenA bhrAntijanaka hI hogA / yahA~ kisI bhI nirNaya para pahu~cane ke pUrva hameM zramaNa paramparA kI jIvana dRSTi ko samajhanA hogA / yaha spaSTa hai ki zramaNa paramparA vairAgya-pradhAna hai usameM jo nArI nindA ke citra milate haiM, unakA prayojana nArI ke vyaktitva ko girAnA nahIM hai, apitu puruSa ko nArI ke prati AkarSita hokara vAsanA meM lipta hone se bacAnA hai / vastutaH nArI-nindA ke ye samasta citraNa puruSa ko nArI se vimukha karane ke lie yA usameM vairAgya bhAva jAgRta karane ke lie hI haiM, kyoMki yadi usake sammukha nArI jIvana 1. isibhAsiyAI, 22-1 2. vahI, 22 - 2,6 3. vahI. 22-7

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RSibhASita kA sAmAjika darzana qlq ke vikRta pakSa ko ubhArA nahIM jAyegA to usakI nArI ke prati Asakti nahIM ttuuttegii| yahA~ nindA, nindA ke lie nahIM kintu vairAgya ke lie hai| zramaNa paramparA meM nArI ko samucita gaurava pradAna karane kA hI prayatna kiyA gayA hai| yahI eka aisI paramparA hai jo nArI ko puruSa se svatantra hokara jIvana jInA sikhAtI hai aura spaSTa rUpa se yaha udghoSita karatI hai ki nArI bhI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dizA meM Age bar3ha sakatI hai| yahI eka aisI paramparA hai, jisameM nArI puruSa ko prabodhita kara use sanmArga para lAtI hai / jaina zramaNa paramparA meM brAhmI, sundarI, rAjImati Adi aisI aneka nAriyoM ke ullekha haiM jo puruSoM ko pratibodhita karake sanmArga kI dizA meM le gaIM / ' ataH RSibhASita meM nArI nindA ke kucha citraNoM ko dekhakara yaha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ki vaha nArI ko koI mahattva aura mUlya hI nahIM detA hai| RSibhASita aura pArivArika sambandha : RSibhASita meM bhAI-bahana, pitA-putra, pitA-putrI, pati-patnI, mAM-putra, mA~-putrI Adi kA ullekha milatA hai| RSibhASita ina vividha prakAra ke pArivArika sambandhoM kA nirdeza karatA hai| usakI dRSTi meM ye sabhI pArivArika sambandha vyakti ke lie duHkha ke kAraNa mAne gae haiN| ina pArivArika sambandhoM ke prati rAgabhAva vyakti ko bandhana meM bAMdhatA hai aura unake prati ghaTita hone vAle duHkha-saMkaTa, vyakti ke apane duHkha-saMkaTa bana jAte haiM / RSibhASita ke 'mahAkAzyapa nAmaka adhyAya meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki bhAI ke maraNa se, bhagini ke maraNa se, putra ke maraNa se, putrI ke maraNa se, bhAryA ke maraNa se, athavA anya svajana mitra, bandhu-bAndhavoM ke maraNa se, unakI daridratA se, unake bhojanAbhAva se vyakti duHkhagrasta hotA hai, vaha unake viyoga, apamAna, nindA, parAjaya Adi duHkhoM se svayaM bhI dukhita hotA hai| isa prakAra RSibhASita ke lekhaka kI dRSTi meM vyakti eka ora pArivArika sambandhoM ke kAraNa parivAra evaM samAja se ba~dhA huA hai, to dUsarI 1. dekheM, jaina dharma meM nArI kI bhUmikA, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR0 zramaNa 2. isibhAsiyAiM, 7-gadya bhAga 3. vahI 1-gadya bhAga

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78 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1992 ora ye sabhI pArivArika sambandha vyakti ke duHkha aura pIr3A ke kAraNa bhI haiN| RSibhASita meM hameM pArivArika jIvana ke prati pArasparika dAyitvoM kI koI carcA nahIM milatI hai, kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki pArivArika sambandhoM aura dAyitvoM kI vistRta carcA na hone kA kAraNa, malata: usakA saMnyAsa pradhAna yA vairAgya pradhAna dRSTikoNa hI hai kyoMki nivRttimArgI paramparA ne sadaiva hI pArivArika jIvana ko AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM eka bAdhA hI mAnA thaa| usameM pArivArika sambandhoM ke prati vizvasanIyatA kA bhAva parilakSita na hokara avizvasanIyatA kA hI bhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| isa sandarbha meM RSibhASita ke tetalIputra nAmaka adhyayana kA nimna sandarbha draSTavya hai / ve kahate haiM ki zramaNa brAhmaNa kahate haiM ki zraddhA (vizvAsa) karanA cAhiye kintu maiM kahatA hU~ ki zraddhA ( vizvAsa ) nahIM karanA caahiye| 'maiM' saparijana hokara bhI aparijana hU~, mere ina vacanoM para kauna vizvAsa karegA ? maiM putra sahita hokara bhI putrarahita hU~, mere isa kathana ko kauna mAnegA? maiM samitra hokara bhI mitra rahita hUM, isa bAta para kauna vizvAsa karegA? kauna isa bAta para vizvAsa karegA ki mujhe apane svajana aura parijanoM se virAga ho gayA hai ? kauna isa bAta para vizvAsa karegA ki jAti, kula, rUpa, vinaya Adi se yukta merI patnI mujhase vimukha ho gaI hai| tetalIputra ke upayukta vacana spaSTa rUpa se isa bAta ke sUcaka haiM ki nirvANa mArga ke abhilASI ke lie ye samasta pArivArika dAyitva nirarthaka bana jAte haiN| eka anAsakta vItarAga puruSa ina samagra sambandhoM se Upara uTha jAtA hai| tetalIputra kI dRSTi meM ye samasta pArivArika sambandha vizvasanIya nahIM haiM, kyoMki ye sabhI svArthoM para AdhArita hote haiN| jahA~ svArthoM kI pUrti nahIM hotI, yA hitoM kI TakarAhaTa hotI hai vahA~ ye samasta sambandha TUTate hue pratIta hote haiN| vairAgyavAdI jIvana dRSTi ke lie pArivArika sambandha yathArtha nahIM haiM, apitu ve Aropita haiM aura jo Aro. pita haiM ve vizvasanIya nahIM haiN| 1. isibhAsiyAI, 10-gadyabhAga

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RSibhASita kA sAmAjika darzana 79 RSibhASita kI pArivArika aura sAmAjika dAyitvoM ke prati niSedhAtmaka jIvana dRSTi AlocanA kA viSaya ho sakatI hai| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki RSibhASita pArivArika aura sAmAjika dAyitvoM kI avahelanA karatA hai| nizcaya hI hama isa tathya se sahamata haiM ki usameM pArivArika sambandhoM aura dAyitvoM kI upekSA huI hai, kintu usakA mUla kAraNa usakI vairAgyavAdI jIvana dRSTi hai| vairAgyavAda RSibhASita ke sabhI RSiyoM kA eka sAmAnya jIvana darzana hai| yaha eka alaga prazna hai ki yaha vairAgyavAda ucita hai yA anucita hai| yadi RSibhASita saMnyAsamArgI jIvanadRSTi ko lekara cala rahA hai to usameM pArivArika aura sAmAjika dAyitvoM kI yaha upekSA svAbhAvika hI hai|

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paryAvaraNa evaM ahiMsA DA0 DI0 Ara0 bhaNDAro bhAratIya RSiyoM, manISiyoM evaM ciMtakoM ne 'jIvana' ko sarvocca sammAna diyA hai / unake anusAra jIvana pratyeka rUpa meM ArAdhya hai / unhoMne prAkRtika pariveza ko pUjya banA kara isakI na kevala mahattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai apitu use ucca sthAna bhI diyA hai / jaina darzana to agni, vAyu, pRthvI ityAdi ko bhI sajIva mAnatA hai / jIvana kisI bhI rUpa meM kyoM na ho vaha AdaraNIya hai, stutya hai / bhAratIya darzana meM 'jIvana' kI garimA aura utthAna ke mUla meM ahiMsA kA hI tattva hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA anya tIrthaMkaroM ne jaina darzana ke pramukha tattva ke rUpa meM ahiMsA ko hI nirUpita kiyA hai / AcArAMga sUtra meM ahiMsA, satya aura adattAdAna kA ullekha milatA hai / paMca mahAvratoM meM ahiMsA prathama vrata hai| pataMjali ne yogasUtra meM prathama sthAna ahiMsA kA hI mAnA hai / bauddhadharma meM bhI ahiMsA prathama hai / hai kyoMki yaha jo hAr3aprANI hI hai, hA~ eka mAnava eka prANI hai aura anya prANiyoM kI bhA~ti vaha bhI isa bhU-maNDala para vikasita huA hai / vijJAna ne pramANa evaM tarkoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha kara dikhAyA hai ki mAnava kI yAtrA jIvana ke unnayana kI yAtrA hai / vijJAna kA yaha tathya adhUrA mAMsa kA putalA hai vaha nizcaya hI Aja bhI unnata prANI hai, parantu isake bhItara jo vyaktitva chipA hai vaha mAtra prANI nahIM hai / yahI vyaktitva use anya prANiyoM se bhinna karatA hai / manuSya kA vyaktitva mAtra unnata mastiSka nahIM hai balki usake jIvana meM anuprANita vaha darzana hai jo use zarIra rUpI prANI se Upara uThAtA hai / hAr3a-mAMsa ke dRSTikoNa se to vaha kSINa huA hai, durbala huA hai, tathA usakI saMvedanazIlatA aura sAmarthya bhI kama huI hai / hamane jo sAdhana vikasita kie haiM ve bhI hamAre vistAra kI hI eka kar3I hai * vibhAgAdhyakSa, darzana vibhAga, jodhapura vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura

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82 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 192 aura isI vikAsa kI parAkASThA meM ahiMsA mAnava jIvana kA aMga bana sakI hai| __ ahiMsA mUlataH niSedhAtmaka zabda hai / ise spaSTa karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| mAnava sabase pahale hiMsA se paricita huA, hiMsA usake jIvana kI paddhati thii| phira usake bhItara viveka aura jJAna sphUrita huA aura vaha jAna pAyA ki prANI ke stara se Upara uThA jA sakatA hai| usane jIvana ke UrdhvArohaNa kA pahalA pATha siikhaa| usane sIkhA ki hiMsA jIvana kI paddhati nahIM hai, hiMsA anivArya nahIM hai| sRjana evaM vikAsa hiMsA se sambhava nahIM haiN| yaha bodha use prANI se mAnava meM rUpAntarita karatA gyaa| sahiSNutA, samabhAva, sahayoga, tyAga, Adi sabhI tattva jo mAnava ko samAja kA rUpa dete haiM una saba kA mUla AdhAra ahisA hai / mAnava ke lie ahiMsA ko aMgIkAra karanA svAbhAvika thaa| jaina darzana ke parama mUlyoM meM ahiMsA zreSTha hai| yaha mAnavIya karmoM ke mulyAMkana kA tattva hai aura isIliye yaha 'mAnavatA' kA AdhArabhUta tattva hai| lekina abhI bhI mAnava ke bhItara kA pazu pUrNatayA rUpAntarita nahIM ho pAyA hai| kevala hiMsA kA svarUpa badalA hai tathA hiMsA ke lie nita nae sAdhana vikasita kie gaye haiN| prakRti ke dohana se lekara svayaM manuSya ke zoSaNa kI vidhiyoM aura sAdhanoM kA vikAsa yaha darzAtA hai ki ahiMsA ke tattva ko pUrNataH aMgIkAra karane ke lie athaka prayAsa Avazyaka hai| vaijJAnika pragati evaM saMsAdhanoM ke vikAsa ne mAnava ko sarvabhakSI banA diyA hai| mAnava hI eka mAtra aisA prANI hai jo mAnava kI hI vyApaka hiMsA karane kI taiyArI kara rahA hai aura sampUrNa mAnavatA usake duSpariNAma bhoga rahI hai / vaijJAnikatA ke AvaraNa meM svayaM mAnava ne mAnavIya mUlyoM ko gauNa kara diyA hai| hiMsA ke rUpa dina-ba-dina vyApaka evaM sUkSma hote jA rahe haiN| prANI hiMsA kI jagaha karma-hiMsA ke nae rUpa vikasita hue haiN| mAnava ne aisI sthitiyA~ utpanna kI hai jinake pariNAma hiMsaka hote jA rahe haiN| AjakAparyAvaraNa, samAja tathA rAjanIti isake udAharaNa haiN| prakRti ke nirlajja dohana aura prANImAtra ke zoSaNa ne na kevala mAnava kA jIvana trasta kara diyA hai, varan mAnava utpAdoM aura kAryoM se dUsare jIvoM kA

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paryAvaraNa evaM ahiMsA jIvana bhI saMkaTamaya ho gayA hai| aba paMchI nIr3a nahIM banAte kalarava mUka ho gayA hai aura adhikAMza jaMgala samApta ho gae haiN| andhAdhundha audyogika pragati aura Arthika sAmrAjyavAditA ke jo navIna mUlya sthApita hue haiM vahA~ ahiMsA ke mUlya kA koI sthAna nahIM hai / Aja kisI bhI deza ke lie yaha garva kI bAta mAnI jAtI hai ki vaha antarrASTrIya stara para mAMsa kA adhika se adhika kitanA utpAdana karatA hai| yaha pauSTika bhojana ke nAma para kI jAne vAlI hiMsA kA hI rUpa hai| tathAkathita sabhya samAjoM ne prakRti ko Aja jisa rUpa meM pahu~cA diyA hai vaha sthiti cintAjanaka hai / 1830 meM jahA~ pRthvI kI kula janasaMkhyA eka araba thI vahA~ 1986 meM chaH araba ho gayI hai aura san 2000 taka yaha sAta araba kI sImA ko pAra kara jaayegii| janasaMkhyA ke isa visphoTa ne pRthvI ke anya prANiyoM, vanaspatiyoM tathA sampUrNa paryAvaraNa ko saMkaTa meM DAla diyA hai| audyogika krAMti kI hor3a ne mAnava zakti ke prayoga aura saMsAdhanoM ke vikAsa ke lie prakRti ke dohana kA jo kucakra AraMbha kiyA usase sampUrNa paryAvaraNa prabhAvita huA hai / Aja mAnava apane sukha evaM svArtha ke prati itanA samarpita hai ki ahiMsA ko mAnavatA kA dharma svIkArane se katarAtA hai| bhautika sukhoM kA svAda use laga cukA hai tathA vaha usa svAda ko chor3anA nahIM cAhatA / paryAvaraNa kA saMkaTa vizvavyApI hai| International union for the Conservation of Nature ke anusAra 25,000 vanaspati prajAtiyoM ke lapta hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| 1000 se Upara pakSI evaM anya prANiyoM kI prajAtiyAM pichale 100 varSoM meM vilupta ho cukI hai| manuSya hI mukhyataH isakA uttaradAyI hai| usane vanaspati evaM prANiyoM ke jIvana avasara ko hI kama nahIM kiyA hai balki apane sukha, sanaka evaM hiMsaka Ananda ke lie nirIha prANiyoM kA vadha kiyA hai tathA jaMgaloM kI nirmama kaTAI kI hai| vastutaH prakRti ke prati mAnava kI soca hI galata hai| vaha prakRti ko dAsI yA bhogyA mAnakara calA hai, phalasvarUpa vaha prakRti para atyAcAra karane lagA hai evaM svayaM usakI jIvana paddhati bhI adhikatama bhoga

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84 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1992 ke siddhAnta para A TikI hai| isa galata darzana ne usake jIvana kI sAmAnya maryAdAoM ko bhI nakAra diyA hai| vaha bhUla gayA hai ki prakRti mA~ hai, jIvana dAtrI hai| Ane vAle mAnava kI bhI use ciMtA nahIM hai| kala kATe gae jaMgaloM se Aja jala kI vikaTa samasyA utpanna ho gaI hai| kala phailAyA gayA pradUSaNa Aja ghAtaka viSa bana kara vyApta ho rahA hai| vaijJAnikoM ne paryAvaraNa ko mukhyatayA bhU-maNDala, janamaNDala, vAyu-maNDala evaM jIva-maNDala ina cAra bhAgoM meM bAMTA hai| Aja ye sabhI dUSita ho gae haiN| inako pradUSita karane kA uttaradAyitva mAnava kA hI hai / vaijJAnika khojoM ne yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki mAnava hI eka mAtra aisA prANI hai jo sabase jyAdA pradUSaNa karatA hai tathApi vaha apane dvArA kiye gaye pradUSaNa kI jimmedArI ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai| vaijJAnika sadaiva yaha kara apane uttaradAyitva se mukti pA lete haiM ki ve kevala sAdhanoM kI khoja karate haiM evaM unheM vikasita karate haiM, upayoga kA viveka ve nahIM dete| upayoga karane vAle vyakti ko yaha nirNaya svayaM karanA hai ki vaha isakA kisa prakAra se upayoga kare / parantu ve aisA kaha kara apane dAyitva se mukta nahIM ho sakate / vaijJAnika parIkSaNoM ke lie na kevala jala, thala aura vAyumaNDala hI dUSita kiyA jAtA hai balki kitane hI nirIha prANiyoM ko prativarSa yAtanA dI jAtI hai aura unake prANa hara liye jAte haiM / vijJAna inako ucita evaM Avazyaka batalAtA hai| samudra meM paramANu parIkSaNoM se hone vAle pradUSaNa se jalIya vanaspati evaM jalIya jIvoM kI apAra hiMsA hotI hai| rAsAyanika evaM jaiva rAsAyanika hathiyAroM ke nirmANa evaM parIkSaNa ke lie kitane hI prANiyoM kI bali dI jAtI hai| vaijJAnika zodha evaM parIkSaNoM kI saMkhyA tathA unase prApta pariNAmoM kI paraspara tulanA kI jAya to kula prApti nagaNya ke barAbara hI hai / arthAt hiMsA kI tulanA meM milane vAlA lAbha kucha eka kSetroM ko chor3a kara vizeSa nahIM haiN| yAMtrika saMskRti ke vistAra ne paryAvaraNa evaM anya ghaTakoM ko bahuta adhika prabhAvita kiyA hai / jisa kArbanika evaM akArbanika kUr3e ko mAnava nisRta kara rahA hai, usameM se kitane hI padArtha kaI varSoM taka punaH visarjita nahIM hote evaM kitane hI vibhinna rAsAyanika evaM jaivarAsAyanika viSoM kA nirmANa karate haiN| mAnava ghAtaka

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paryAvaraNa aura ahiMsA 85 triSoM ke rUpa meM jina padArthoM kA upayoga karatA hai unameM se lagabhaga sabhI hAnikAraka haiM; samasyA kA eka aura pahalU mAdaka padArthoM ke utpAdana aura sevana kA hai jo atyanta ghAtaka hai / yaha sAmAjika evaM mAnasika dUSaNa kA paricAyaka hai / prAkRtika saMtulana ko banAe rakhanA Aja ati anivArya ho gayA hai / amla kI varSA, vAyu evaM jala pradUSaNa, dhvani pradUSaNa Adi Aja sAmAnya ho gae haiM / Aja reDiyodharmitA, sTona kensara tathA esiDa zAka jaisI vinAzakArI ghaTanAeM bar3hane lagI haiN| mAnava kA dharma hai ki vaha Ane vAlI pIr3hI ko svAsthya evaM saMtulita paryAvaraNa de / Ane vAlI pIDhI ke zArIrika evaM mAnasika svAsthya ko unnata karane ke lie abhI se prayAsa AraMbha karane hoMge / mahAtmA gA~dhI ne kahA hai ki Ane vAlI pIr3hiyoM kI ciMtA na karanA bhI hiMsA hI hai| vastutaH ahiMsA sarvocca mAnavIya mUlyoM meM se eka hai aura mAnavIya karmoM ko ahiMsaka honA hI cAhiye / vastutaH mAnavIya jJAna aurazakti ko jIvana evaM prakRti ko saMrakSita rakhane evaM vikasita karane meM sahAyaka honA cAhie na ki zoSaNa evaM hiMsA ke lie prayukta honA cAhiye / Adhunika yuga meM hiMsA ke naye AyAma ubhara rahe haiM / rAjanaitika hiMsA kA jvAra niraMtara bar3hatA jA rahA hai / jitanA apavyaya zastroM ke nirmANa aura yuddha kI vibhISikAoM ko janma dene meM huA hai yadi utanA hI vyaya mAnava evaM prakRti ke Upara kiyA jAtA to yaha dharatI svarga ho jAtI / mahAkavi dinakara ne ThIka hI likhA hai 'jaba kAla manuja para chAtA hai, pahale viveka mara jAtA hai,' hiMsaka hote hI mAnava kA viveka lupta ho jAtA hai arthAt vibeka aura hiMsA sAtha-sAtha nahIM raha sakate haiM / viveka ahiMsA ko janma detA hai aura hiMsA pratihiMsA ko / Arthika kSetroM meM hiMsAtmaka prayAsoM se dhanopArjana meM vRddhi huI hai / saundarya prasAdhanoM, camar3e kI vastuoM, taiyAra bhojana ke nae-nae hiMsaka mArga apanAe jA rahe haiM / mAnava ke lie yaha lajjA kI bAta hai ki vaha apane sukha aura jhUThI zAna ke lie kitane hI prANiyoM kI hatyA karatA hai / yadi vaha kahatA ki bhojana kI pUrti ke lie hiMsA Avazyaka hai to isakA kAraNa bhI svayaM mAnava hI hai / kyoMki jaba hamAre pAsa

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86 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1992 paryApta bhojana nahI thA taba hameM sayaMma ko apanAnA cAhiye thA evaM janasaMkhyA ko sImita rakhanA cAhiye thaa| sAtha hI prakRti ke dohana ko vyAvasAyika nahIM banAnA cAhie thA / lekina manuSya kI adUradarzitA ke kAraNa hI bAja bhojana tathA vanaspati kI kamI anubhava kI jA rahI hai / mAnava meM pradUSaNa phailAne kI tathA hiMsA karane kI vyApaka kSamatA hai / usane aise sAdhana vikasita kiye haiM jisase adhikatama hiMsA saMbhava hotI hai tathA adhikatama paryAvaraNa prabhAvita hotA hai / vijJAna ke anucita prayoga tathA prakRti para svAmitva sthApita karane ke lie vaha maryAdAoM ko lAMghatA jA rahA hai / yaha prANI mAtra ke prati hiMsA hai / hiMsA kisI bhI stara para kyoM na ho, hiMsA hI hai / yadi hama kinhIM bAhya kAraNoM se hiMsA karate haiM taba hameM aise upAya khojane hoMge ki hameM isa prakAra kI hiMsA se mukti mile| jaina darzana meM ahiMsA ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ' ahiMsA niuNaM diTThA savvabhUesu saMjamo' arthAt prANI mAtra ke prati jo saMyama hai vahI pUrNa ahiMsA hai / jahA~ bhI jIvana hai mAnava saMyama kare / eka sAmAnya vyakti ke lie ahiMsA pUrNatayA vaijJAnika, tarkasaMgata evaM vivekapUrNa hai / ahiMsA kA siddhAnta mAnavocita karma kI AdhArazilA hai / hiMsA na kevaLa mAnava ko patita karatI hai balki usake pariNAma bhI antatogatvA mAnava ko hI bhogane par3ate haiM / ahiMsA ke dvArA hI vyakti kA rUpAntaraNa sambhava hotA hai / hiMsA ko jIvana kA sAdhana banAnA anucita hai / mAnava ko hiMsA se dUra le jAnA evaM use ahiMsA ke mahattva ko samajhAnA jyAdA kaThina nahIM hai AvazyakatA hai kevala satarka mAnavIya prayAsoM kI / vijJAna aura saMsAdhanoM kI sahAyatA se isakI anivAryatA, upayogitA evaM prAmANikatA ko jana-jana taka pahu~cAyA jA sakatA hai / jaina darzana hiMsA ko do prakAroM meM vibhakta karatA hai -- bhAva hiMsA aura dravya hiMsA | vyAvahArika dRSTi se prANavadha hiMsA hai aura prANavadha na karanA ahiMsA hai / parantu yaha kevala dravya hiMsA para lAgU hotA hai, vaha bhI eka sImA taka / kisI bhI prakAra kA kaSTa jisakA kAraNa mAnava karma hai vaha hiMsA kI zreNI meM AtA hai / isa prakAra rAga, dveSa, krodha, apazabda Adi bhAva hiMsA meM Ate haiN| manuSya jo kriyAeM sampanna

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paryAvaraNa aura ahiMsA 87 karatA hai ve mana, vacana aura karma se sampanna hotI haiN| yahA~ karma kA artha zarIra ke aMga ke saMcAlana se bhI hai| isa prakAra bhAva hiMsA kA janma hotA hai| manuSya kI bhAva hiMsA use dravya hiMsA ke lie prerita karatI hai / ataH sarvaprathama bhAva hiMsA ko miTAnA Avazyaka hai| jaba taka vyakti hiMsA ko ucita mAnatA hai taba taka bhAva hiMsA kI sthiti meM rahatA hai| ahiMsA ke lie dravya evaM bhAva donoM prakAra kI hiMsA se mukta honA anivArya hai| ahiMsA kA mahAvrata dhAraNa karanA kaThina ho sakatA hai parantu ahiMsA ke aNuvrata ko dhAraNa karane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM hai / mana, vacana evaM karma se hiMsA kA parityAga karanA mAnava ke lie aprAkRtika nahIM hai| usakA viveka evaM jJAna usake lie paryApta hai / hiMsA kA bhAva udaya hone para mAnava ko usakA jJAna hotA hai| isI prakAra ahiMsA kI zreSThatA se bhI vaha paricita hotA hai| ahiMsA kA darzana prANI mAtra ke lie kalyANakArI hai| jaina darzana pudgala mAtra ke lie ahiMsA ko anivArya mAnatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM ki samyak darzana, samyaka cAritra, samyak jJAna meM samyak zabda ahiMsA ko hI iMgita karatA hai| mAnava kA darzana, cAritra, karma, bhojana ityAdi sabhI samyak hone cAhie, ahiMsaka hone caahie| Aja mAnava ne bhautika vikAsa aura samRddhi se jIvana ko nayA AyAma de DAlA hai| vaijJAnika prayAsoM ne samAja ko nae-nae sAdhana diye haiN| ina sAdhanoM evaM mAnavIya UrjA kA aniyaMtrita atireka evaM asamyak prayoga huA hai| yaha jAnakara dukha hotA hai ki apanI vika. sita avasthA meM bhI mAnava hiMsA ko chor3a nahIM pA rahA hai / Aja mAtra prANI vijJAna ke vidyArthiyoM ko zikSita karane ke lie prati varSa 150 lAkha se adhika prANiyoM kI hatyA kara dI jAtI haiN| jaMgala tejI se kaTa rahe haiN| nadI, bhUmi evaM sAgarIya jala dUSita hote jA rahe haiN| dhvani, vAyu evaM antarikSa meM pradUSaNa tejI se bar3ha rahA hai| mAnava ne kUr3e ko antarikSa taka pahuMcA diyA hai| zoSaNa tathA prakRti ke dohana kA yaha kRtya itanA bhayAnaka hai ki vikAsazIla deza kA eka vyakti tIna varSoM meM jitanA bhojana karatA hai usase kahIM adhika khAdya sAmagrI aura sambandhita utpAdoM kA kacarA prativarSa prati vyakti, vikasita dezoM kA utpAda hai| amerikA jaise vikasita deza meM prati vyakti,

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88 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1992 prati varSa eka Tana se bhI adhika kUr3A pheMkA jAtA hai| rAsAyanika, jaiva rAsAyanika evaM anya prakAra ke pradUSaNa kA AMkalana to aura bhI jyAdA haiM / vaijJAnika zodha meM, vizeSakara cikitsA evaM kITanAzakoM ityAdi meM zodha ke nAma para kitane hI anucita prayoga kiye jA rahe haiM / yadi vizeSa kAraNavaza prANiyoM para prayoga kiye jAyeM to bhI ye prayoga mAnavIya hone cAhiye / prANiyoM ke isa mUka balidAna se mAnava upakRta huA hai tathA usakA yaha uttaradAyitva hai ki vaha atizIghra aise upAya vikasita kare jisase use isa hiMsA se mukti mila sake / hiMsAtmaka zodha kI isa dizA ko parivartita karanA Avazyaka hai / jisa prakAra pradUSaNa rahita UrjA ke srotoM kA vikAsa kiyA gayA hai / usI prakAra kI samajha aura zodha praNAliyoM ko vikasita karanA Avazyaka hai vaijJAnika zodha, utpAdana, cikitsA, zikSA Adi sabhI kSetroM meM ahiMsA ko anivArya niyama banAnA Avazyaka haiM / Aja yaha Avazyaka ho gayA hai ki ahiMsA ko siddhAntataH pratyeka kSetra meM anivArya banAkara vyavahAra meM lAnA hogaa| vaijJAnikoM ko una prayogoM, yaMtroM evaM sAdhanoM ke vikAsa se apane Apa ko pUrNatayA pRthak karanA hogA jinakA pariNAma hiMsA hai| zastroM, jaiva rAsAyanika viSoM evaM vibhinna utpAdanoM ke prayoga evaM utpAdana para punarvicAra karanA Avazyaka hai / ahiMsA kA niyama mAnava ke lie vAMchanIya honA cAhiye / yAMtrika vikAsa ke sAtha jo sAdhana vikasita hue haiM unase pracura mAtrA meM prakRti kA dohana aura zoSaNa ho rahA hai / prakRti ke dohana kI AvazyakatA nirantara bar3hatI jA rahI hai jo anucita hai / honA yaha cAhiye ki janasaMkhyA kA vistAra ghaTe aura mAnava apanI janasaMkhyA ko usI sImA taka hI bar3hAyeM jisase prakRti kA saMtulana na bigar3e / prakRti svabhAvataH apane saMtulana ko banAe rakhane kA bharasaka prayatna karatI hai parantu mAnava usa saMtulana ko niraMtara naSTa karane kA prayAsa kara rahA hai / samasyA kA eka aura vicAraNIya pahalU sAmAjika kSetra meM vyApta hiMsA kA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM yaha samasyA sAmAjika paryAvaraNa meM hiMsA se saMbaMdhita hai / hiMsA sAdhya yA sAdhana kisI bhI rUpa meM anucita

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paryAvaraNa aura ahiMsA hai| svArtha se parAbhUta tathA bhoga ko eka mAtra lakSya mAna lene vAlI Adhunika mAnasikatA ne samAja meM vyApta pArasparika sahayoga, sadbhAva, prema, tyAga ityAdi mUlyoM ko aprAsaMgika evaM avyAvahArika banA diyA hai| sAmAjika kSetroM, vizeSakara rAjanIti evaM Arthika sAmrAjyavAda ne hiMsA ko apanA sAdhana banAyA hai sAmpradAyika, jAtIya evaM AtaMkakArI hiMsA pUre vizva-jIvana meM vyApta hai| hiMsA kA prabhAva bar3ha rahA hai tathA use nirNAyaka bhI samajhA jAne lagA hai / isase spaSTa hotA hai ki mAnava kA stara girA hai aura usakA vaicArika evaM mAnavIya pakSa bhI kSINa huA hai| AcArAMga sUtra ke anusAra 'iha 'saMti-gayA daviyA, NAMva karaMvaMti jIviaM' arthAt saMyaMmI puruSa anya prANiyoM kI hiMsA ke dvArA apanA jIvana calAnA nahIM cAhate / saMyama karane kA nirdeza sarvaprathama hiMsA na karanA hai| apanI tuccha vAsanAoM aura mahattvAkAMkSA kI pUrti ke lie sabhI kSetroM meM hiMsA kA bar3hatA prayoga samAja evaM mAnava ke lie khatare kI ghaMTI hai| Ane vAle mAnava meM ahiMsA kI pravRtti ko saMskArita karanA hogA, ahiMsA ke samAja darzana ko jIvana-paddhati banAnA hogaa| _ Aja vijJAna mAnava ke jIvana paddhati kA abhinna aMga bana cukA hai / vaijJAnika prayAsoM ko bhI ahiMsAtmaka praNAliyoM ke dvArA vikasita karane kI AvazyakatA hai| vijJAna mAnatA hai ki mAnava paryAvaraNa kA hI eka mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka hai aura janasaMkhyA vRddhi ne use atyadhika prabhAvita kiyA hai| vijJAna aura jJAna kA samyak evaM vivekapUrNa upayoga Avazyaka hai / vijJAna evaM paryAvaraNa kisI rASTra, samAja athavA vyakti kI sampatti nahIM hai, usa para to sampUrNa mAnavatA kA adhikAra hai evaM usake prati sabhI samAna rUpa se uttaradAyI haiN| ___ahiMsA jaina zAsana kA mahAmantra hai| tattvArthasUtra meM mana-vacanakAya yoga se jIva ke bhAva prANa, dravya prANa athavA donoM kA viyoga karanA hI hiMsA kahA gayA hai| yahA~ taka ki binA prayojana jahAM-tahAM jAnA, vRkSAdi kA chedana, pRthvI khodanA, jala bikheranA, agni jalAnA Adi bhI hiMsA kA hI rUpa kahA gayA hai| ataH ahiMsA ke mahattva ko jana sAmAnya taka pahu~cAnA tathA ahiMsA ko anivArya mAnava dharma ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA hogaa| vaijJAnika pragati evaM vibhinna karmoM ke

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zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1992 lie ahiMsA ko anivArya niyama ke rUpa meM apanAnA hogA / ahiMsA mAnava ke sAdhya aura sAdhanoM kI kasauTI hai aura sabhI sAdhyoM aura sAdhanoM kA ahiMsAtmaka honA anivArya hai| ahiMsA mAnava karma ke mAnavocita hone kA darzana hai| bhAratIya darzana meM ahiMsA prathama saMyama hai| mAnavIya hiMsA mAnava samAja ke sahayoga ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai isalie ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko mAnava jIvana kI paddhati banAnA anivArya hai, mAnava paryAvaraNa kA eka ghaTaka hai aura vijJAna usake jIvana kA eka sAdhana hai / ataH paryAvaraNa ke pradUSita hone kA aura usake asaMtulita hone kA kAraNa banane vAle sAdhanoM meM kamI karanA ati Avazyaka hai / sAtha hI mAnava ko apane paryAvaraNa ke prati sahiSNutA ke bhAva ko jAgRta karanA hogA, jo ahiMsA ke bhAva dvArA hI saMbhava hai / ataH apane paryAvaraNa kA samyak evaM ahiMsAtmaka upayoga karanA hI mAnava mAtra kA kartavya hai, usakA dharma hai|

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syAdvAda evaM zUnyavAda kI samanvayAtmaka dRSTi --DaoN0 (ku0) ratnA zrIvAstavA* lagabhaga sabhI dArzanika paddhatiyoM ne jagata evaM tattva ke viSaya meM apanI-apanI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ sthApita kI haiM / isa mAnyatA-sthApana meM mAtra apane siddhAMta ko sarvotkRSTa siddha karane taka hI ve sImita nahIM rahe varan pUrvavartI evaM samasAmayika mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana bhI karate rhe| dArzanikoM kI isa pravRtti ke kAraNa itane mata evaM dArzanika vicAra astitva meM Aye ki yaha samasyA ho gaI ki kauna se vicAra yathArtha haiM aura kauna se ayathArtha / isa khaNDana evaM maNDana ke pariveza meM bhArata meM aise do dArzanika siddhAntoM kA prAdurbhAva huA jinhoMne pUrvavartI vicAradhArAoM kI tattvaviSayaka mAnyatAoM meM samanvaya kA prayAsa kiyaa| ye do vicAradhArAe~ haiMjaina darzana kA syAdvAda evaM bauddha darzana kA zUnyavAda / ukta donoM vicAra dhArAoM ne kisa prakAra samanvaya kA prayAsa kiyA yahI batalAnA isa lekha kA mantavya hai| isa krama meM hama sarvaprathama vibhinna bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI tattva viSayaka mAnyatAoM para vicAra kareMge isameM do mata nahIM ki bhAratIya pariveza ati prAcIna kAla se hI svatantra cintana ke anukUla rahA hai| pratyeka vicAraka ko apane siddhAntoM evaM mUlyoM ke anukUla cintana karane evaM jIvita rahane kI svatantratA rahI hai| yahI vaicArika svatantratA samasta tattva viSayaka mata vaibhinnya evaM vivAdoM kI jar3a thii| ina vicArakoM ke sammukha pramukha samasyA jagata kI utpatti, vinAza, utpatti kAraNatA evaM tattva kA svarUpa thaa| kiJcit vicArakoM ne jagat-utpatti ko 'sat'; to kucha ne asat kI koTi meM rakhA evaM kucha ne 'sat' evaM "asat" donoM ko maanaa| veda, upaniSad evaM gItA meM tadviSayaka spaSTa ullekha milate haiN| * DiplomA chAtrA, pA0 zodhapITha, vArANasI /

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zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1992 Rgveda meM sat evaM asat donoM ko jagat-utpatti kA kAraNa mAnA hai| Rgveda ke dazama maNDala' meM asat se, jo avyakta hai, nAma rUpa se jo yukta nahIM hai, arthAt vizuddha brahma jisameM koI vikAra nahIM hai, sat kI utpatti varNita hai| Rgveda meM yaha bhI ullekha milatA hai ki tattva to eka hI hai kintu usI ko vidvajjana nAnA prakAra se abhihita karate haiM-'ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vadanti / ' upaniSadoM meM kahIM 'sat' ko to kahIM 'asat' ko jagat kI utpatti kA mUla kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| chAndogya upaniSad meM sat ko mUla kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| taittirIyopaniSad meM asat ko jagat kI utpatti kA mUla kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| 'upaniSadoM meM hI kahIM kahIM para jaise ki chAndogya upaniSada' meM sat-asat donoM ko jagat kA mUla mAnane vAle vicAra varNita haiN| gItA meM bhI tattva ke sat-asat hone se sambandhita vicAra varNita haiN| uparyukta matoM ke viparIta bauddha darzana jagat kI utpatti akAraNa mAnatA hai| mUla tattvoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM bhI paryApta matabheda hai / kahIM para mUlatatvoM kI saMkhyA eka mAnI gayI hai to kahIM para caturbhUtoM dvArA jagat-sRSTi mAnI gayI hai to kahIM para mUla tatvoM kI saMkhyA chaH mAnI gayI hai| kucha vicAraka tattvoM ko nitya mAnate haiM jaise zAzvatavAdI jo kucha anitya mAnate haiM jaise uchecdvaadii| upayukta carcA kA tAtparya yahI hai ki tattvoM kI saMkhyA, prakRti, Adi ke viSaya meM dArzanika siddhAntoM meM paryApta matabheda evaM 1. devAnAM pUrve yuge'sataH sdjaaytH| Rgveda 1072 / 4 2. asdevedmgraasiit| tat sadAsIt / tatsamabhavat / chAndogyopaniSad 3 / 9 / 2 3. asadvA idamagrAsIt tato vai sadajAyat / taittirIyopaniSad 217 4. sadevaMsomyemagrAsIn ekamevAdvitIyata / tadakSat bahusyAM prajAyeyeti / / -chAMdogyopaniSad 7 / 2 / 3 5. gItA, 13.12

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syAdvAda eva zUnyavAda vibhinnatA pAyI jAtI hai| isa pariprekSya meM DA0 sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNan ' kA abhimata hai ki yaha eka yuga thA jo adbhut aniyamitatAoM evaM pArasparika virodhoM se bharapUra thaa|............. tantra-mantra evaM vijJAna, saMzayavAda evaM aMdhavizvAsa, svacchanda jIvana evaM tapasyA sAtha-sAtha eka dUsare se mile-jule pAye jAte haiM / matabhedoM meM samanvaya kA prayAsa -paraspara matabheda evaM vaimatya ke pariveza meM jaina darzana ne syAdvAda ke mAdhyama se evaM bauddha darzana ke zUnyavAda ke dvArA yaha pratipAdita kiyA ki kisI siddhAMta ke kiJcit aMza ke satya yA asatya hone se pUre vAda yA siddhAnta ko satya yA asatya mAnakara khaNDita kara denA ucita nahIM hai| na to koI vicAra pUrNatayA mithyA hai aura na hI koI pUrNatayA satya / samasta siddhAMta ekAMza rUpa se hI galata yA sahI ho sakate haiN| parantu isake viparIta adhikAMza vAdoM ne ekAMtavAdI dRSTi apnaayii| phalataH ve apane mata ko hI pUrNatayA satya evaM dUsaroM ke mata ko pUrNatayA mithyA mAnate rhe| syAdvAdiyoM evaM zUnyavAdiyoM-donoM ne hI 'tattva' ke prati anekAMtavAdI vicAradhArA apnaayii| ina donoM ne yaha siddhAMta apanAyA ki sabhI vAdoM meM kucha satyAMza vidyamAna haiM, isI prakAra mithyA kA aMza bhI vidyamAna hai| ina donoM hI vicArakoM ne na to kisI eka viziSTa siddhAMta kA pUrNatayA khaNDana hI kiyA aura na kisI eka kA pUrNatayA maNDana hI kiyaa| apitu unhoMne to una pUrva vicAroM ko hI jo-jo yatra-tatra bikhare par3e the, unakA saMgraha karake unameM ucita saMzodhana karake eka navIna rUpa de diyaa| ullekhanIya hai ki zUnyavAdiyoM ne samanvaya hetu tattva ke prati "niSedhAtmaka" dRSTikoNa apanAyA jabaki syAdvAdiyoM ne 'vidheyAtmaka dRSTi ko aMgIkAra kiyaa| zUnyavAdiyoM ke matAnusAra 'tattva' sat bhI nahIM hai, asat bhI nahIM hai aura sat-asat ubhaya rUpa bhI nahIM hai aura sat-asat anubhaya rUpa bhI nahIM hai| dUsare zabdoM meM zUnyavAdiyoM kI dRSTi meM tattva catuSkoTi vinimukta arthAt 'zUnya' hai| isake viparIta syAdvAdiyoM ne vidheyAtmaka dRSTi apanAte hue yaha 1. DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan, esa. bhAratIya darzana (bhAga 1) 10 128

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zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1992 pratipAdita kiyA ki tattva sat bhI hai asat bhI hai, sat-asat ubhaya rUpa evaM anubhaya rUpa bhI hai / 94 zUnyavAda evaM syAdvAda donoM vicAradhArAoM ne ukta dRSTi apanAI, usake pIche mujhe prathama kAraNa to yaha pratIta hotA hai ki donoM hI vicAraka cU~ki ahiMsAvAdI the isalie ahiMsAvAdI hone ke kAraNa inhoMne apane dharma yA darzana meM ahiMsA ko pramukhatA pradAna kI evaM jo vicAraka apane cintana evaM AcAra meM ahiMsA ko pramukhatA dete haiM unake svabhAva se zAMti hI parilakSita hotI hai / ve dUsaroM se vAdavivAda karanA nahIM cAhate haiM / sambhavataH isI kAraNa hI syAdvAdI evaM zUnyavAdI dArzanikoM ne dArzanika kSetra meM, sarvatra vyApta azAMti ko dUra karane kA bharapUra prayAsa kiyA / zUnyavAdiyoM evaM syAdvAdiyoM donoM ne hI yaha anubhava kiyA ki tattva kA svarUpa nAnA prakAraka hone se, parivartanazIla hone se usake viSaya meM koI eka nizcita kathana sambhava nahIM hai / dUsare tattva sApekSa hai nirapekSa nahIM, usake aneka pakSa haiM, isa kAraNa tattva ke viSaya meM koI bhI ekAntika kathana sambhava nahIM / tattva ke viSaya meM eka pakSa kA kathana karane para dUsarA pakSa avazya hI akathita raha jAtA hai / isa samasyA ke samAdhAna ke lie syAdvAdiyoM ne 'saptabhaMgI naya" ko pratipAdita kiyA jisameM vastu viSayaka kathana sAta prakAra se kiye jA sakate haiM / unakI dRSTi meM anantadharmAtmaka vastu ke samasta dharmoM kA eka sAtha kathana sambhava nahIM hai kintu una dharmoM ko sAta prakAra ke kathanoM meM samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai | zUnyavAdiyoM ne vastuoM kI nirantara parivartanazIlatA ke kAraNa, vastu ke eka nizcita dharma ke na hone se usake viSaya meM koI bhI eka nizcita kathana karanA ucita nahIM smjhaa| kAraNa yaha ki kisI eka ke kathana se vastu viSayaka samasta rUpoM ko varNita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ataH unhoMne tattva yA vastu ko 'zUnya' kI saMjJA dI, jo ki catuSkoTi vinirmukta arthAt anirvacanIyatA kA sUcaka hai| donoM ne hI vastu ko 'anantadharmAtmaka' hI samajhA / kintu syAdvAda ne saptabhaMgI naya kA sahArA lekara use vyakta kara diyA jabaki zUnyavAda ne 'zUnya'

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syAdvAda evaM zUnyavAda 95 zabda dvArA use avyakta hI rahane diyA arthAt yadyapi donoM ke tattva viSayaka bhAva to eka hI haiM kintu unakI kathana zailI paraspara bhinna hai / syAdvAda evaM zUnyavAda kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai syAdvAda paricaya -syAdvAda do zabdoM ke yoga kA pariNAma hai syAt+vAda = syAdvAda / syAt kA artha hai sApekSatA evaM vAda kA artha siddhAnta yA vadana karanA / isa prakAra syAdvAda kA artha huA sApekSatA pUrvaka kathana karane kA siddhAMta / syAdvAdamaJjarI' ke anusAra syAt zabda ekAMtatA kA nirAkaraNa karake anekAMtatA ko pratipAdita karatA hai| syAt' yaha avyaya anekAMta kA dyotaka hai, isIlie syAdvAda ko anekAMtavAda kahate haiN| sarvathA sat, sarvathA asat, sarvathA nitya, sarvathA anitya Adi ekAMtika vacanoM kA niSedha karake vastu kA kathaMcit sat, kathaMcit asat, kathaMcit nitya, kathaMcit anitya Adi rUpa honA anekAMta hai evaM vastu (tattva) ke usa anekAntAtmaka svarUpa ke kathana karane kI vidhi syAdvAda hai-- __ 'anekAMtAtmakaM kathanaM syAdvAdaH2 syAdvAda meM prayukta 'syAt' zabda kisI bhI vastu viSayaka kathana kI sApekSatA ko hI saMketita karatA hai| isake sAta bhaMga haiM - (1) syAt asti (2) syAt nAsti (3) syAt asti ca nAsti ca (4) syAt avaktavyam (5) syAt asti ca avaktavyam (6) syAt nAsti ca avaktavyam (7) syAt asti ca, nAsti ca avaktavyam ca / / __ syAdvAdiyoM kA mantavya thA ki vastuoM ke ananta dharma haiM aura sabhI dharma vastuoM meM sadA vidyamAna rahate haiN| aisA nahIM ki kisI samaya usameM eka dharma ho aura dUsarA dharma na ho| kintu jaba hama vastu-viSayaka koI kathana karate haiM to una dharmoM meM se koI dharma pramukha ho jAtA hai evaM koI gauNa / kintu sabhI dharma vastu meM rahate avazya haiM / vastu ke ananta dharmoM kA ina sAta bhaMgoM ke mAdhyama se kathana kiyA jA sakatA hai / saMkSepa meM syAdvAda kA tAtparya yahI hai ki (1) yaha pratyeka kathana yA 1. DA0 rAdhAkRSNan, esa. pUrvokta pR. 128 2. syAdityavyaya manekAntadyotakaM tataH syAdvAdo'nekAntavAda: (syAdvAdamaJjarI, 5) kA vyAkhyArtha

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96 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1992 vAkya ko sApekSa evaM sImita karatA hai (2) vastuoM ke anantadharmo ko vyakta karatA hai / (3) sarvathA ekAMtatA kA virodha karatA hai, cAhe vaha kisI vAkya yA bhASA meM ho yA vastu kA svarUpa ho Adi / zUnyavAda paricaya - zUnyavAda tattva viSayaka siddhAMta hai / yahA~ 'zUnya' zabda sAmAnya pracalita artha 'abhAva' se bhinna artha meM prayukta huA hai / zUnya kA tAtparya hai catuSkoTi (sat, asat sat-asat ubhaya, sat-asat anubhaya) vinirmukta arthAt anirvacanIya / isameM paramatattva evaM bhautika tattva donoM zUnya haiM / zUnyavAda ke praNetA nAgArjuna ke mata meM paramatattva kA pUrNa jJAna hamArI buddhi se pare hai / ataH paramatattva ke viSaya meM koI bhI kathana apUrNa hogA evaM vikArayukta hogA / bhautika tattva bhI zUnya kahe gaye haiM kyoMki buddhi dvArA vastuoM kA svabhAva jJAta kara pAnA duSkara hai / kAraNa yaha ki vastue~ satata utpanna hotI rahatI haiM, sarvadA parivartana zIla haiM, eka jaisI nahIM rahatI haiN| vastutaH vastueM catuSkoTi -- sat, asat, sat-asat ubhaya, sat-asat anubhaya vinirmukta haiM) / nAgArjuna ne pratItya samutpAda ko hI zUnyatA kahA - "yaH pratItyasamutpAdaH zUnyatAM tAM pracakSmahe"" inhoMne pratItyasamutpAda ke mAdhyama se vastuviSayaka anirvacanIyatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isa siddhAMta ke anusAra vastueM paraspara eka dUsare para nirbhara haiM / vastuoM ke sabhI dharma apanI utpatti ke lie anya para Azrita hai - ataH jitane dharma haiM sabhI zUnya haiM / isa vicAra se yaha spaSTa hai ki vastuoM ke parAvalambana ko, usakI nirantara parivartanazIlatA ko, usakI avarNanIyatA ko hI "zUnya" kI saMjJA dI gaI hai ( madhyamaka zAstra adhyAya 24, kArikA 18, 19) ni:svabhAvatA hI vastu kA pAramArthika svabhAva hai jaisA ki bodhicaryAvatAra meM kahA gayA hai - evaM niHsvabhAvataiva sarvabhAvAnAM nijaM pAramArthikaM rUpamavaSThitaM / zUnyavAda meM sabhI ekAMtika matoM se pare madhyama mArga ko hI apanAyA gayA hai / isa vicAra dhArA meM tattva ko donoM atiyoM (sat evaM asat) se mukta rakhA gayA hai / zUnyavAda abhAvavAda nahIM hai / isakI pratipatti bhAvAtmaka nahIM kintu niSedhAtmaka hai, ( upaniSad ke neti neti 1. mAdhyamika kArikA 24|18:

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syAdvAda evaM zUnyavAda 97. kI bhAMti / pratItyasamutpAda kA samarthaka hone ke kAraNa hama zUnyavAda ko sApekSavAda bhI kaha sakate haiM kyoMki pratItyasamutpAda ke anusAra kisI bhI vastu yA viSaya kA apanA koI nizcita, nirapekSa tathA svatantra svabhAva nahIM hai| ataH tattva sambandhI koI bhI vicAra yA kathana nirapekSa DhaMga se nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| syAdvAda evaM zUnyavAda meM nihita bhedAbheda : upayukta donoM siddhAntoM ke paricayAtmaka vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki syAdvAda bhAvaparaka evaM zUnyavAda niSedhaparaka hai| sAmAnya dRSTi se vicAra karane para donoM meM koI sAmya nahIM pratIta hotA hai| parantu donoM hI siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana, vastutaH mAnava jJAna kI apUrNatA evaM maryAdA, bhAvAbhivyakti kI sImA, vastuviSayaka paraspara sApekSatA evaM vastu kI anantadharmAtmakatA kI dRSTi meM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai| Age donoM siddhAntoM meM nihita paraspara sAmya evaM vaiSamya ke tattvoM para vicAra kareMge :(ka) donoM siddhAnta ekAntika mantavyoM ke niSedhaka evaM anekAntika vicAroM ke vidheyaka haiM / buddha ne zAzvatavAda, va ucchedavAda ko ekAntika hone se asatya yA mithyA kahA aura inheM tyAgane kA upadeza diyaa| unakI dRSTi meM kevala apane hI vicAroM ko sarvotkRSTa samajhane ke kAraNa hI koI bhI vicAraka apanI apekSA anya ko heya samajhatA hai| isI kAraNa usakA aisA vicAra vivAdagrasta hai| buddha ne spaSTa kahA-didvimmi so na pacceti kiccaM' arthAt vidvajjana aisI vicAradhArAoM meM vizvAsa nahIM karate haiM / buddha ke inhIM upadezoM ke Aloka meM sabhI pUrva-vivAdoM kA anta karane ke lie, sabhI matoM ke niSedha rUpa zanyavAda kI sthApanA kI gii| mahAvIra ne vAdoM kI kamiyoM kA ullekha karake unameM samanvaya kI dRSTi se upadeza diyaa| donoM mata sApekSika dRSTikoNa apanAkara hI ekAntika matoM kA nirAkaraNa karate haiN| vastutaH zUnyavAda kA 'zUnya' tathA syAdvAda meM saMlagna syAd zabda sApekSatA ke hI sUcaka haiN| yahA~ yaha kahanA

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zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1992 asaMgata na hogA ki zUnya aura syAd zabdoM ke dvArA prasaMgavizeSa meM pradatta viziSTa arthoM ko na samajha sakane ke kAraNa hI ina para kramazaH abhAvavAda tathA saMzayavAda yA nizcayavAda yA anizcayavAda ke Aropa lage haiN| vidvAnoM ne zUnya kA artha abhAva liyA tathA syAd kA artha sambhavataH kadAcit, saMzaya Adi liyaa| (kha) sAmAnya mAnava ke jJAna kI maryAdA hai jabaki vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai| ataH vastu kA pUrNa jJAna sambhava nahIM hai aura yadi hama mAna bhI leM ki vastu viSayaka yathArtha jJAna pUrNa rUpa se sambhava nahIM hai to bhI vastu viSayaka sabhI kathanoM kA yugapat kathana mAnava kI vANI meM sAmarthya se pare hai| udAharaNArtha eka hI puSpa ke rUpa, raMga, khilane, bikharane Adi ko eka samaya meM nahIM kaha sakate haiM / vastu-svabhAva ko isI kAraNa zUnyavAdiyoM ne anirvacanIya kahA, jo zUnya kA bhAvAtmaka artha hai / isI anirvacanIyatA ko jaina dArzanikoM ne syAdvAda ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyaa| (ga) donoM vicArakoM kA eka mAtra uddezya vastu ke citra-vicitra svabhAva ke grahaNa meM mAnava kI akSamatA batAnA hI thaa| mAnavagata akSamatA kA anubhava karake hI buddha ne jIva, jagata, tattvAdi vicAroM ko nirarthaka kahakara tyAga diyaa| unake anusAra vastuoM kA eka nizcita svabhAva nahIM hai, isI kAraNa unhoMne use anirvacanIya, avyAkhyeya, zUnya khaa| mahAvIra ne vastuviSayaka ananta dharmoM ko, vidhiparaka siddhAnta apanAkara syAt zabda dvArA vyakta kiyA / mUlarUpa se donoM ne vastu ke ananta dharmoM kA anubhava kiyA kintu eka ne usakA varNana niSedha dvArA to dUsare ne vidhi dvArA kiyaa| (gha) zUnyavAdI evaM syAdvAdI donoM ne hI vastu svarUpa ke viSaya meM abhivyakti kI asamarthatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai / isakAraNa unhoMne use anirvacanIya evaM avyakta kahA hai| sabhI vicAraka inadonoM zabdoM ko prAyaH eka hI artha meM rakha lete haiN| mujhe isameM kucha bhinnatA dikhAI detI hai| syAdvAdiyoM ne vastu viSayaka kathana meM

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syAdvAda evaM zUnyavAda 'avyakta hai' evaM 'avyakta nahIM hai' ina donoM pakSoM ko samAhita kiyA hai kintu zUnyavAdiyoM ne vastuviSayaka anirvacanIyatA ke prasaMga meM aisA koI saMketa nahIM kiyA hai / isa pariprekSya meM zUnyavAda avyaktatA ke aikAntika mata kA pratipAdaka lagatA hai| yaha bAta alaga hai ki unhoMne laukika stara para vastu viSayaka kathana ko nirvacanIya mAnA hai, kintu jaba kathana ko bAta AtI hai taba vahA~ ve ekAntika mata ke pakSa meM dikhAyI dete haiN| (Da) zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda donoM ne yaha svIkAra kiyA ki vyAvahArika stara para tattvaviSayaka kathana sambhava hai, kintu pAramArthika stara para nahIM / vyAvahArika stara para prayukta bhASA ekAntika hI ho sakatI hai / isI kAraNa yaha mithyA hote haiN| pAramArthika stara para vastu viSayaka kathana ke lie hamAre pAsa anekAntika koI bhASA hI nahIM hai| vyavahAra aura paramArtha ko zUnyavAdiyoM ne saMvRti satya aura pAramArthika satya dvArA vyakta kiyA hai to syAdvAda ne vyavahAranaya evaM nizcayanaya ke mAdhyama se| yadyapi donoM zabda bhinna haiM, kintu bhAva eka hI hai| (ca) donoM hI siddhAntoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki yadi eka bhAva kA paramArtha svarUpa jJAta kara liyA to sabhI bhAvoM kA paramArtha svarUpa jJAta kara liyA aisA mAnanA cAhie-jo eka ko jAnatA hai vaha sabako jAnatA hai| jo sabako jAnatA hai vaha eka ko jAnatA hai / bauddhAcArya candrakIti kA bhI yahI mantavya hai / (cha) zUnyavAdiyoM ko niSedhaparaka dRSTi apanAne ke lie nirvikalpI tathA syAdvAdiyoM ko vidhiparaka dRSTi apanAne ke kAraNa savikalpI kahA jA sakatA hai| (ja) zUnyavAdI sabhI matoM kA niSedha kara dene ke kAraNa nirapekSavAdI bhI kahe jA sakate haiM (yadyapi unakA yaha niSedha sApekSatA kI anubhUti para AdhArita hai aura syAdvAdI sabhI matoM ko samanvita karake apanAne ke kAraNa sApekSavAdI kahalA sakate haiN| 1. AcArAMga 1 / 3 / 4 2. mAdhyamaka vRtti pR0 50

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zramaNa. janavarI-mArca 1992 (jha) zUnyavAda vastuviSayaka sApekSatA kA anubhava karake bhI use vyakta nahIM karatA jabaki syAdvAda use vyakta karatA hai / (Ja) zUnyavAda ne tattva ke viSaya meM madhyama mArga svIkAra kiyA jabaki syAdvAda ne vivAda ko anta karane kA prayAsa kiyA usane sabhI siddhAntoM meM samanvaya kara eka navIna siddhAnta ko pratipAdita kiyA / 100 (Ta) zUnyavAda evaM syAdvAda donoM ne hI tattva ko anirvacanIya evaM avyakta svarUpa mAnA hai kintu unameM nimna sUkSma bhinnatAyeM vidyamAna haiM ( 1 ) zUnyavAda meM anirvacanIyatA kA kAraNa tattva kA svarUpa hai kintu syAdvAda meM avyaktatA kA kAraNa tattva sambandhI kathana yA bhASA kI akSamatA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM zUnyavAdI viSayI arthAt caramatattva ke svarUpa ko hI anirvacanIya kahate haiM jabaki syAdvAda kI avyaktatA bhASAtmaka hai / (2) anirvacanIyatA nirapekSa hai kyoMki isa artha meM tattva vivecana yogya nahIM hai / avyaktatA bhaMgasApekSa hai / yaha tattva ko sApekSataH vAcya evaM sApekSataH avAcya batAtA hai / ina donoM siddhAntoM meM nihita samAnatAoM aura asamAnatAoM kI carcA ke bAda yaha vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai ki ina donoM meM kaunasA mata zreSTha mAnA jA sakatA hai donoM matoM ne ekAntavAdI vicAradhArA kA nirAkaraNa apane -2 DhaMga se kiyA hai / parantu isa prakriyA meM zUnyavAdiyoM kA sarvathA niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa unheM punaH ekAntavAdiyoM kI zreNI meM hI sammilita karA detA hai / zUnyavAdiyoM ko ekAntavAda se bacane ke lie usake donoM pakSoM (tattva sat bhI hai aura asat bhI hai Adi) ko samAna rUpa se svIkAra karanA cAhie thA / isa dRSTi se hama syAdvAda ko uttama svIkAra karate haiM kyoMki unhoMne tattva ke vibhinna pakSoM sat bhI hai. evaM asat bhI hai yA sat hai bhI aura nahIM bhI hai, ko samAna rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai /

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syAdvAda evaM zUnyavAda 101 punaH zUnyavAda ke viSaya meM hama yaha kahanA cAheMge ki, jaba unhoMne tattva ke viSaya meM yaha kahA hai ki vaha anirvacanIya hai taba phira tattva ke lie 'zUnya' yaha kathana karanA bhI to eka kathana hI hai taba ve kisa prakAra kaheMge ki tattva anirvacanIya hai ? isakI tulanA meM hama syAdvAda ko uttama kaheMge kyoMki unhoMne sabhI prakAra ke kathanoM ko (tattva viSayaka hoM yA anya kisI bhI viSaya meM hoM ) svIkRti dI hai / vaise zUnyavAdiyoM ne uparyukta 'zUnya' viSayaka saMzaya ko dUra karane ke lie yaha kahA hai mAnyayA bhASayA mlecchaH zakyo grAhayituM yathA / na laukikamate lokaH zakyo grAhayituM tathA // catuHzataka: tathApi kathana kI dRSTi se syAdvAda hI adhika uttamapratIta hotA hai / zUnyavAdiyoM kI vastuviSayaka dRSTi adhika samanvayapUrNa na hokara kevala ekAMtika matoM ke vivAdoM kA aMta hI kara pAtI hai jabaki syAdvAdiyoM kI dRSTi pUrNarUpeNa samanvayAtmaka hai kyoMki sahI mAne meM to unhoMne hI sabhI matoM ko grahaNa karake eka navIna vicAradhArA ko janma diyA hai / punaH zUnyavAda kI tulanA meM jaba hama syAdvAda kA sUkSma adhyayana karate haiM taba hameM yaha pratIta hotA hai ki sAmAnya rUpa se adhyayana karane para to syAdvAda kevala samasta pUrva dArzanika vicAroM kA eka saMgrahamAtra hai, kyoMki isa siddhAnta ne samasta dArzanika vicAroM (tattva sat bhI hai, asat bhI hai, sat-asat bhI hai, na sat na asat bhI hai ) koM saMgrahIta karake unhIM ko eka nayA rUpa de diyA hai syAdvAda ke nAma se / isa dRSTi se hameM zUnyavAda adhika uttama pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki unhoMne apane siddhAMta meM kisI bhI pUrva dArzanika mAnyatA ko sthAna nahIM diyA aura na to unakA saMgraha hI karake eka hI viSaya kI punarAvRtti kI syAdvAdiyoM kI bhAMti / 1 mujhe aisA pratIta hotA hai ki, yadyapi tattva ke aneka dharmoM yA guNoM kA anubhava to zUnyavAdiyoM ne bhI kiyA thA, kintu unhoMne uparyukta syAdvAda kI samasyAoM kA dhyAna karake hI koI bhI tatva viSayaka kathana karanA ucita nahIM samajhA / vaise syAdvAda kI uparyukta samasyA isa siddhAnta kA sAmAnya adhyayana karane para hI AtI hai kiMtu jaba hama 1

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102 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 1992 viziSTa adhyayana karate haiM to hama yaha pAte haiM ki samasta pUrva vicArakoM ke vicAra ekAMzI satya hI the sarvAMzI satyatA kI unameM kamI thI, jisake kAraNa una samasta vicAroM ko syAdvAdiyoM ne saMgrahIta kiyaa| uparyukta tarka-vitarkoM kI prakriyA aura dUra taka cala sakatI hai kintu merI dRSTi se na to kisI AlocanA yA vivecanA kA anta hai aura na hI tarka-kutarka kA aura aisA isalie hotA hai kyoMki manuSya svayaM svatantratA pUrvaka cintana karatA hai pariNAmataH vicAroM kI vibhinna dRSTiyA~ janma letI haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki syAdvAdiyoM evaM zUnyavAdiyoM ne dArzanika kSetra meM tattva viSayaka vivAdoM ko dUra karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai kintu phira bhI inake ye prayAsa antima nahIM kahe jA sakate aura na to unheM sarvadA doSamukta hI kahA jA sakatA hai| ekAMta vAdiyoM ne jisa prakAra tattva viSayaka vicAroM ko prastuta kiyA (bhale hI ve doSayukta rahe hoM) usI prakAra syAdvAda evaM zUnyavAdiyoM ne bhI kevala vicAroM ko hI prastuta kir3I (bhale hI inake siddhAMtoM meM doSoM ko dUra karane kA prayAsa nihita ho)| kintu tattva vAstava meM kyA hai ? ise samyak prakAra se yA pAramArthika dRSTi se jAna pAnA asambhava sA lagatA hai| sahAyaka grantha suucii| 1. anekAMtavAda : eka parizIlana--vijayamuni zAstrI, sanmatiH jJAnapITha AgarA, (1961) 2. catuH zataka -Aryadeva 3. bhAratIyadarzana (bhAga 1)-DA0 esa. rAdhAkRSNan anu0 sva0nanda kizora gobhila, rAjapAla eNDa sansa, kazmIrIgeTa, dillI(1967) 4. syAdvAdamaJjarI--malliSeNa, zrImadarAjacandra Azrama, agAsa (gujarAta) 1970 5. syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI naya (Adhunika vyAkhyA)- DA0 bhikhArI rAma yAdava, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI 5--- (9989) 6 zUnyavAda evaM syAdvAda-padmabhUSaNa paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA pR0 265, zrI AnandaRSi saMpA0 zrIcandra surAnA abhinandana grantha zrI mahArASTra sthAnakavAsI jainasaMgha, sAdhanA sadana, nAnApaiTha pUnA (9975) .

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yuga puruSa AcArya samrATa Ananda RSi jI ma0 -upAcArya devendra muni yuga puruSa apanI mahAnatA, priyatA aura bhavyatA se jana-jana ke antarmAnasa meM abhinava Aloka pradAna karatA hai| samAja kI vikRti ko naSTa kara saMskRti kA pracAra karatA hai| usakA adhyavasAya atyanta tIvra hotA hai jisase kaNTakAkIrNa patha bhI sugama aura sarala bana jAtA hai| patha ke zUla phUla bana jAte haiN| vipatti sampatti bana jAtI hai| mahAmahima rASTrasanta AcArya samrAT sacce yuga puruSa the| unameM rAma ke samAna saMkalpa zakti, hanumAna ke samAna utsAha, aMgada ke samAna dRr3hatA, mahAvIra ke samAna dhairya, bAhabalI ke samAna vIratA aura abhaya kumAra kI taraha dakSatA thii| ve zera kI taraha dahAr3ate hue apane lakSya kI ora nirantara bar3hate the / ye apane yuga ke sacce pratinidhi the| samAja vikAsa ke lie andha-vizvAsoM, andha-paramparAoM aura mUr3hatA pUrNa rUr3hivAda se jUjhate rhe| sva-kalyANa ke sAtha para-kalyANa ke lie sadA samarpita rahe / zivazaMkara kI taraha jahara ke pyAle ko pIkara samAja ko sadA amRta bAMTate rhe| unakA svabhAva nistaraMga samudra kI taraha thA, jo kolAhala se dUra rahakara bhI vikAsa kI taraMgoM se taraMgita hotA thaa| unakA vizvAsa sRjanAtmaka zakti meM thaa| ve sadA virodha ko vinoda mAnakara kArya karate rhe| samudra yAtrI ko sadA tUphAna kA bhaya rahatA hai para kuzala nAvika tUphAnI vAtAvaraNa meM bhI naukA ko apane lakSya taka le jAtA hai| AcArya pravara UphAna aura tuphAna se kabhI ghabarAye nahIM, kintu jAgarUka rahakara apane lakSya taka samAja ko bar3hAte rhe| Apa zrI ne samAja ko nUtana vicAra, nUtana cintana aura nUtana vANI pradAna kii| samAja-samutkarSa ke hetu agaNita kaSTa sahana kiye para kabhI bhI kRtitva kA ahaMkAra nahIM kiyaa| anAsakta yogI kI taraha phala kI AkAMkSA kiye binA kArya karate rhe| samAja

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( 104 ) sevA meM Apane apanA sampUrNa jIvana samarpita kiyA isalie samAja hRdaya se Apako cAhatA thaa| Apake kuzala netRtva meM use vizvAsa thaa| ___ ApakA bAhya vyaktitva atyadhika nayanAbhirAma thaa| usase bhI adhika manobhirAma thA Abhyantara vyktitv| ApakI maJjula mukhAkRti para cintana kI bhavya AbhA sadA prasphuTita hotI thii| Apake tejasvI netroM se sadA sneha sudhA barasatI thii| vArtAlApa meM sarasa zAlInatA aura gambhIratA aura hRdaya kI udAratA pratibimbita hotI thI / saralatA-sarasatA kA aisA madhura saMgama Apake jIvana meM huA thA jise nihArakara darzaka prathama kSaNa meM hI zraddhA se vibhora ho uThatA thaa| ApakA janma mahArASTra kI vIra bhUmi meM huaa| Apake pUjya pitA zrI kA nAma devIcanda jI thA aura mAtezvarI kA nAma hulasA bAI thA / nanhIM umra meM sadguruvarya ratna RSi jI ma0 ke pAsa AhatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| bhAratIya dharma aura darzanoM kA gambhIra adhyayana kiyaa| ApakI gambhIra yogyatA ko nihArakara RSi sampradAya ne apanA AcArya bnaayaa| usake pazcAt pAMca sampradAya ke AcArya bane / zramaNasaMgha banane ke pazcAt Apa zramaNa saMgha ke pradhAna mantrI aura upAdhyAya pada grahaNa karane ke pazcAt san 1964 meM zramaNa saMgha ke AcArya samrATa ke pada para AsIna hue| jaina dharma aura paramparA meM AcArya kA gaurava sarvAdhika rahA hai / tIrthakara ke abhAva meM AcArya hI saMgha kA samyaka saMcAlana karate haiN| ve tIrthaGkara ke sadRza hote haiM / unakI AjJA anulaMghanIya hotI hai| AcArya samrAT Ananda RSi jI ma0 aise hI saphala AcArya the| eka hajAra se bhI adhika sAdhu sAdhvI unake kuzala netRtva meM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM agrasara hote rahe haiN| bhArata ke vividha aJcaloM meM vicaraNa kara dharma, samAja aura rASTra kI guru gambhIra granthiyoM ko sulajhAte rahe haiN| vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa ve cirakAla se mahArASTra kI pAvana puNya dharA ahamadanagara meM virAja rahe the| bhUtapUrva rASTrapati jJAnI jailasiMha jI, vartamAna uparASTrapati DA. zaMkara dayAla jI zarmA Adi bhArata ke

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( 105 ) jAne-mAne ucca rAjanetA gaNa aura prabuddha cintaka sadA patha-pradarzana hetu unakI sevA meM pahu~cate rahe haiM aura unake maulika mArga darzana ko pAkara apane Apako dhanya anubhava karate rahe haiN| naitika zikSA aura sAhitya ke kSetra meM unakI sevA avarNanIya rahI hai| ve jJAnayogI the| dhyAna yogI the| japa yogI the| lAkhoM hI nahIM, karor3oM vyaktiyoM ke ananta zraddhA ke kendra the| dinAMka 28-3-92 zanivAra ko unhoMne jaina paddhati ke anusAra saMnyAsa-saMlekhanA kara samAdhi pUrvaka haMsate hue mRtyu ko varaNa kiyA hai| jIvana kalA ke pArakhI ne 93 varSa taka haMsate hue aura haMsAte hue jIvana yApana kiyA aura anta samaya meM haMsate aura muskarAte hue mRtyu ko mahotsava rUpa manAkara sadA ke lie bhautika deha ko unhoMne tyAga kiyaa| unakA ojasvI-yazasvI aura varcasvI jIvana sadA hI preraNA kA srota rahA hai| hama ananta AsthA ke sAtha usa mahAguru ke caraNoM meM zraddhA sumana samarpita karate haiM / zAyara ke zabdoM meM phUla eka gulAba kA murajhA ke calA gyaa| tyAga ke anurAga se khuzabU jagata ke de gayA /

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pArzvanAtha zodhapITha ke prAMgaNa meM cAra chAtroM ko pI-eca0 DI0 upAdhi prApta sAdhvI pramoda kumArI jI ko kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke darzana vibhAga meM prastuta unake zodha prabandha 'RSibhASita kA dArzanika adhyayana' para pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi pradAna kI gii| Apane saMsthAna meM rahakara DA0 umeza kumAra dUbe, rIDara, darzana vibhAga ke nirdezana meM zodha kArya sampanna kiyaa| Apake isa zodha adhyayana meM zodha pITha ke nidezaka DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina kA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai| zrI dhanaMjaya mizra ko darzana vibhAga, kA0 hi0 vi0 vi0 dvArA unake zodha prabandha 'AcArya haribhadra kA yogadarzana' para pI eca0 DI0. upAdhi pradAna kI gii| Apane pro0 sAgaramala jaina ke nirdezana meM zodha kArya pUrNa kiyaa| Apako zodhapITha dvArA sva0 kundanamala phirodiyA smAraka chAtravRtti pradAna kI gyii| zrImatI gItA siMha ko saMskRta vibhAga, kA0 hi0 vi0 vi0 meM prastuta zodha prabandha 'vaidika sAhitya meM zramaNa paramparA ke tattva' viSaya para pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi prApta huii| inake bhI nirdezaka pro. sAgaramala jaina rhe| inheM zodhapITha dvArA AcArya vijayanandana sUri memoriyala chAtravRtti pradAna kI gyii| zrImatI arcanA rAnI pANDeya ko darzana vibhAga, kA0 hi0 vi0 vi0 dvArA unake zodha prabandha 'jaina bhASA-darzana kI samasyAyeM' para pIeca0 DI0 kI upAdhi prApta huii| pro0 sAgaramala jaina inake nirdezaka rahe aura inheM AcArya vijayavallabha sUri memoriyala chAtravatti pradAna kI gii|

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( 108 ) S HERE MAHARASTRA SEASE 3083805888862 sAdhvo arcanA zrI ko pI-eca0 DI zramaNasaMghIyA mahAsatI sva0 zrI pannAdevI jI kI praziSyA sAdhvI arcanA zrI ko 'jaina-darzana ke Aloka meM madhyayugIna saMtakAvya' viSaya para bambaI vizvavidyAlaya ne pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA hai| sAdhvI arcanA zrI ne apanA zodha-prabaMdha esa. AI. I. esa. kAleja -zIva (bambaI) ke hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa DaoN0 ravinAtha siMha ke mArgadarzana meM taiyAra kiyA /

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jaina jagata rojagAra unmukha zikSA saMsthAna ke lie zrI nemanAthajI jaina dvArA sATha lAkha rupaye kI ghoSaNA presTIja udyoga samUha ke pravartaka zrI ena0 ena0 jaina ne apanI SaSThi pUrti ke avasara para samAja ke utthAna ke lie sATha lAkha ru0 ke dAna kI ghoSaNA kI hai jo ki AgAmI pA~ca varSoM meM presTIja ceriTebala phAuNDezana ke mAdhyama se eka bRhad evaM bahu AyAmI rojagAraunmukha saMsthAna ke nirmANa hetu upayoga kI jaaegii| isa AraMbhika rAzi ke atirikta kendra va rAjya sarakAroM tathA anya svaicchika saMsthAoM evaM dAnadAtAoM ke sahayoga se ise eka bRhad AkAra pradAna kiyA jA sakegA / isa yojanA ke tahata pra esTIja insTITyUTa Apha vokezanala TreniMga (PIVOT) kI sthApanA kI jAegI jo ki vibhinna prakAra ke yuvAoM ko hAI skUla athavA kAleja zikSA ke pazcAt aisI TreniMga degI jisase ki unheM rojagAra pAne ke avasara bar3heM tathA ve svAvalambI evaM Atmanirbhara bana sakeM / vartamAna zikSA praNAlI kA doSa yaha hai ki ucca zikSA prApta karane ke bAvajUda bhI vyakti meM vyAvahArika jJAna nahIM AtA tathA DigrI use rojagAra dilAne meM madada nahIM karatI tathA sirpha kAgaja kA eka purjA mAtra raha jAtI hai isalie vakta kI jarUrata yaha hai ki zikSA aisI dI jAe jo vyakti ko jIvana yApana meM sahayoga de sake evaM usameM kucha hunara paidA ho sake / / (PIVOT) yAne prasTrIja insTITyUTa Apha bokezanala TreniMga eka aisI dhurI kA kArya karegA jo vidyArthiyoM ke jIvana ko mor3akara, unameM kArya dakSatA sthApita karake unheM aise kArya kuzala vyakti ke rUpa meM prastuta karegI jisakI mA~ga pahale se hI maujUda hai| isake sAtha meM yaha

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( 110 ) saMsthA isa bAta kA bhI prayatna karegI ki samAja meM zrama kA bhI mahattva bar3he aura koI bhI kArya cAhe vaha kitanA bhI choTA kyoM na ho, use karane meM vyakti garva kA anubhava kare / isa saMsthAna dvArA snAtaka evaM hAI skUla pAsa vidyArthiyoM ko DiplomA dene ke sAtha-sAtha aise bhI pAThyakrama calAye jAyeMge jinake lie zikSA kI koI nyUnatama yogyatA nirdhArita na ho| isake alAvA samaya samaya para kama avadhi ke riphrezara korsesa bhI calAye jAyeMge / saiddhAMtika zikSA ke sAtha-sAtha isa saMsthAna dvArA "Ana jAba TreniMga" bhI dI jAegI tathA vibhinna vyAvasAyI evaM audyogika saMsthAoM ke kAryakalApoM se avagata karAyA jaaegaa| vidyArthiyoM ke lie kairiyara mArgadarzaka prakoSTha tathA eka plesamenTa byUro dvArA unheM rojagAra upalabdha karAyA jaaegaa| kucha mahattvapUrNa kSetra jina meM prazikSaNa diyA jAegA ve haiM - Aphisa menejamenTa, eksaporTa menejamenTa, suparavAIjarI menejamenTa, iNDasTrIyala sephTI, kampyUTara ekAunTiga, leboreTarI kemisTa, bilDiMga suparavijana, kRSi AdhArita kuTIra udyoga, aigrIkalcara TreniMga, kraoNpa proTekzana Adi isake alAvA plaMbara, phiTara, kArapenTara, ilekTrIziyana, velDara, DrAphTsamena, penTara tathA mahilAoM ke lie silAI-bunAI evaM nijI saciva Adi ke lie prazikSaNa bhI diyA jaaegaa| __isa saMsthAna kI prabandha samiti meM samAja ke prabuddha varga se evaM takanikI zikSA se jur3e vyaktiyoM kA sahayoga bhI liyA jaayegaa| sarakAra va anya svaicchika saMsthAoM ke sahayoga se isa saMsthA ko takanikI evaM rojagAra unmukha zikSA ke kSetra meM eka advitIya sthAna prApta ho sake tathA zikSA ke kSetra meM krAMtikArI parivartana lAne ke lie yaha saMsthAna eka mIla kA patthara sAbita ho aise prayAsa kiye jAyeMge / prAcArya zrI AnandaRSi jI kI puNyasmRti meM zrI pI0 esa0 lukar3a dvArA 71 lAkha ke TrasTa kI ghoSaNA bambaI ke udyogapati, sevAbhAvI evaM dAnavIra tathA a. bhA. zve. sthA. jaina kAnphreMsa, dillI ke adhyakSa zrI pukharAjamala esa. lakar3a ne

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( 111 ) zramaNa saMgha ke AcArya zrI AnaMdaRSi jI kI puNyasmRti meM ahamadanagara meM unakI aMtyeSTi ke dina 30 mArca, 92 ko apane sAtaveM dazaka ke prArambha evaM AcArya zrI kI dIkSA ke sAtaveM dazaka ko dhyAna meM rakhakara loka-kalyANa kI maMgalamaya bhAvanA se dhArmika, zaikSaNika, cikitsA Adi sevAkAryoM ke lie apane TrasToM kI kula jamA rAzi 71 lAkha rupaye karane kI ghoSaNA kI hai| ullekhanIya hai ki abhI pI. esa lukar3a eNDa saMsa ceriTebala TrasTa tathA zrImatI sulocanAdevI pI. lakar3a ceriTebala TrasTa meM kula jamA rAzi lagabhaga 25 lAkha rupaye hai| isa zubha ciMtana kI preraNA unakI dharmapatnI zrImatI sulocanA devI lukar3a, suputra zrI devakumAra lukar3a evaM rAjendra lukar3a, putravadhuoM zrImatI haMsamuktA evaM zrImatI kavitA lukar3a, pautra sarvazraH saMjoga, rAjIva evaM gautama lukar3a arthAt pUre parivAra kI ora se rhii| zrI pukharAjamalajI esa lukar3a ne kaoNnphreMsa ke adhyakSa banane ke bAda kaoNnphrensa ke aMtargata ucca zikSA evaM cikitsA ke lie "jIvana prakAza' yojanA prArambha kI aura sevA ke isa kArya kI sadpreraNA se apane nijI TrasToM ko samRddha kara unake dvArA pUrI mAnava jAti kI sevA kA kArya prArambha kiyA hai| yaha vizeSa ullekhanIya hai ki zrI lakar3ajI ke TrasToM dvArA sevA kA kArya kisI jAti, dharma, sampradAya ke bhedabhAva se pare mAnavIya dRSTikoNa se hotA hai evaM bhaviSya meM hotA rhegaa| lukar3a parivAra kA yaha sevA yajJa nirantara calatA rahe aura zrI lakar3ajI apane dvArA hI ina kAryoM ke lie TrasToM meM eka karor3a kA bar3A phaNDa bhaviSya meM ekatra kareM, yahI prabhu se prArthanA hai| - caMdanamala 'cA~da' marudharA jaina abhinandana samAroha marudharA jaina abhinandana samiti, jodhapura ke tatvAvadhAna meM dinAMka 19.1.92 ko saradAra sIniyara ucca mAdhyamika vidyAlaya ke prAMgaNa meM mahAmahima DA0 zaMkara dayAla zarmA, uparASTrapati, bhArata sarakAra dvArA jaina samAja kI cAra advitIya mUka samarpita vibhUtiyoM, utkRSTa zikSAvid evaM sevAbhAvI zrI devIcanda jI zAha, sAhitya manISI evaM

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( 112 ) samAja sudhAraka pro0 gaNapaticaMdra bhaNDArI, mamatAmayI mAM va samAja sevikA zrImatI prasannakaMvara bhaMDArI koTA kA abhinandana kiyA gayA, prasiddha adhyAtma yogI va dRr3ha saMkalpI zrI jauharImala jI pArakha ko unakI anupasthiti meM sammAnita kiyA gayA / / samAroha kI adhyakSatA kapar3A rAjya saMtrI zrI azoka gahalota ne kii| samAroha meM sarvazrI DA. lakSmImalla siMghavI, briTena meM bhArata ke uccAyukta, DA. suzrI girijA vyAsa, kendrIya sUcanA evaM prasAraNa upamaMtrI, zrI nAthUrAma mirdhA bhU pu. maMtrI va sAMsada, zrI rAma nivAsa mirdhA--bhU. pU. maMtrI va sAMsada, zrI gumAna mala lor3hA-sAMsada, zrI rAma nArAyaNa viznoI-UrjA maMtrI, rAjasthAna sarakAra, zrI mohana medhavAla-- khAdya evaM grAmodyoga mantrI, rAjasthAna sarakAra bhI upasthita huye| samiti ke adhyakSa zrI ghevaracanda jI kAnUnago ne atithiyoM kA svAgata kiyA evaM DA0 lakSmImalla siMghavI ne abhinandana ke prayojana para apanA vicAra prastuta kiyaa| zrI caMpAlAla jI sAlecA, adhyakSa, nagara sudhAra nyAsa, jodhapura, zrI lakSmI caMda jI surANA, bhU0 pU0 adhyakSa jodhapura iNDasTrIja esosiezana evaM roTarI klaba, zrI devendra rAja jI mehatA, upa-vitta saciva, bhArata sarakAra evaM zrI caMcala mala coraDiyA ne abhinandana patroM kA vAcana kiyaa| isa avasara para sAMsada zrI nAthUrAma mirdhA, sAMsada zrI gumAnamala lor3hA ne bhI apane vicAra vyakta kiye| upa rASTrapati mahodaya ne samAja seviyoM ko zAla or3hAkara abhinandana patra bheMTa kara sammAnita kiyaa| jaina vidyA saMgoSThI evaM 'arhatvacana' puraskAra vitaraNa samAroha kuMdakuMda jJAnapITha, indaura dvArA 12-13, janavarI-92 ke madhya jaina vidyA saMgoSThI evam "arhatavacana" puraskAra vitaraNa samAroha kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| pa0 pUjya upAdhyAya muni zrI guptisAgarajI evam muni zrI nijAnanda sAgarajI ke maMgala sAnnidhya meM sampanna isa saMgoSThI kA udghATana 12.1.92 ko saMhitAsUri paM0 nAthUlAla zAstrI

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( 113 ) kI adhyakSatA meM padmazrI bAbUlAlajI pATodI ne dIpa prajjvalita kara kiyaa| isa avasara para arhatvacana varSa-2 (disambara-89 se sita-90) ke 4 aMkoM meM prakAzita 3 sarvazreSTha lekhoM ke lekhakoM ko kramazaH ru0 1001.00; ru0 751.00 tathA ru. 501.00 smRti cihna, zAla evaM zrIphala samarpita kara sammAnita kiyA gyaa| 1. DA0 pArasamala agravAla, rIDara bhautikI adhyayanazAlA, vikrama vi0 vi0 ujjaina (ma0 pra0) 2. DA0 e. vhI. narasiMha mUrti, prAdhyApaka bhA0 i0 saM0 evaM purAtatva, maisUra vi0 vi0 maisUra (karnATaka) (anu0) 3. DA* paramezvara jhA, prAcArya ko-ApareTiva kAleja, begUsarAya (bihaar)| udghATana satra (12.1.92, sAyaM 4.00-5.30) meM hI zrI devakumAra siMha kAsalIvAla ne samAgata vidvAnoM ke prati sammAna vyakta kiyA tathA saMsthA ke TrasTI zrI kailAzacandra caudharI ne saMsthA kA paricaya diyaa| saMgoSThI ke cAra takanIkI satroM meM nimna vidvAnoM ke AmaMtrita vyAkhyAna hue| 1. DA0 zyAma sundara nigama, rIDara-bhA0 i0 saM0 evaM purAtatva; vikrama vi0 vi0 ujjaina / 2. zrI prakAza jaina zodha sahAyaka / 3. DA0 ramezacandra jaina, adhyakSa-kampyUTara kendra, vikrama vi0 vi0, ujjaina / 4. pro0 lakSmIcandra jaina, nirdezaka AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara zodha saMsthAna 554, sarAphA, jabalapura / 5. DA0 rUdradeva tripAThI, nidezaka brajamohana bir3alA zodha kendra vikrama kIrti mandira, ujjaina / 6. DA0 surezacandra agravAla, prAdhyApaka--gaNita uccazikSA saMsthAna, meraTha vi. vi. meraTha / 7. DA0 kamaleza jaina, zodha adhyetA-prAkRta evaM jainAgama vibhAga, zramaNa vidyA saMkAya, saM0 saM0 vi0 vi0, vaaraannsii| 8. DA0 paramezvara jhA, prAcArya-ko-ApareTiva kAleja, begusarAya (bihAra) 9. DA0 bI0 ela0 nAgArca, mandira sarvekSaNa yojanA, bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa, bhopaal| 10. DA0 rAmamohana zukla, sahA0 prAdhyApaka, vanaspati, zAstra, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, sAraMgapura / 11. bra. sumana jaina, saMghastha

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( 114 ) upAdhyAya muni zrI guptisAgarajI / 12. bra. prabhA jaina, saMghastha AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI / 13. DA0 TI0 vhI0 jI0 zAstrI, nidezaka ( purAtattva ) kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura / saMgoSThI kA saMcAlana - saMyojana zrI anupama jaina, sampAdaka'arhatvacana' ne kiyA / samAgata sabhI vidvAnoM ne zrI devakumAra siMha kAsalIvAla kI ise mahatvapUrNa saMrakSaNa dene hetu mukta kaMTha se prazaMsA kI / AcArya pravara zrI Ananda RSi jI kA mahAprayANa 28 mArca 92 ko zramaNa saMgha ke AcArya, rASTra saMta zrI Ananda RSi jI mahArAja sA0 kA ahamadanagara (mahArASTra) meM 92 varSa kI avasthA meM samAdhi pUrvaka mahAprayANa ho gayA / Apake mahAprayANa se tapa tyAga, saMyama - sAdhanA aura bhakti kI mahAna jyoti zAnta ho gaI / ApakA jIvana isa Adarza kA jIvanta udAharaNa thA ki saMta kA jIvana vrata hI samarpaNa hai, ve mAnavatA ko sukha-zAnti, prema, jJAna aura sadbhAva mukta hasta se bA~Tate haiM, AdAna nahIM pradAna, grahaNa nahIM samarpaNa hI unakA svabhAva hai / tapa, saMyama aura adhyAtma ke manasvI AcArya bhagavAn zrI Ananda RSi jI ne samasta jIvana tapa, tyAga, saMyama me vyatIta kiyA / saralatA, saumyatA, udAratA, mana kI pavitratA, mAdhurya eva dayAlutA ke ve eka sacce masIhA the / ve zramaNa saMskRti ke saMrakSaka santa rahe / Apane samUce samAja ko dhArmika prakAza, ullAsa aura vizvAsa kA Alambana diyA / Apa zrI ke samIpya se zramaNa-zramaNI tathA zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM meM paraspara sneha, saujanyatA evaM ekatA kI nirmaladhArA pravAhita hotI rahI hai| AcArya zrI kuzala upadezaka evaM zAsana prabhAvaka santa the unakA sAhitya preraNAdAyaka evaM jaina dharma-darzana ko samRddha karane vAlA hai / aise manISI AcArya ke prayANa se jaina samAja ne variSTha tapasvI santa kho diyA hai| unheM Adara sahita vinayAMjali |

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sAhitya - satkAra anamola ratna-zrI tilakacanda jaina nArovaliyA; mUlya dharma pracAra '10 saM0 256; zrI AtmAnanda jaina mahAsabhA uttarI bhArata, mahAvIra bhavana, cAvala bAjAra, ludhiyAnA-141008 yaha pustaka - anamola ratna --- paramapUjya paramAra kSatriyoddhAraka vartamAna gacchAdhipati AcArya zrImada vijaya indradinna sUrIzvara jI mahArAja ke AzIrvacana se yukta hai| pustaka tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| pahalA bhAga jagata aura dharma, manuSya, AtmA, paramAtmA chaH tattva, karma lezyA ityAdi para prakAza DAlatA hai / dUsare bhAga meM navatatva jIva-ajIva yugalie, kalpavRkSa, deva kAla-cakra ityAdi kA varNana hai, aura tIsare bhAga meM bhagavat bhakti ke - bhajana, stuti, stavana, AratI hai / yaha pustaka vastutaH prArambhika zikSA grahaNa karane vAle dharma premI bAlaka bAlikAoM ke liye atyanta upayogI hai| bhASA-zailI kI dRSTi se bhI ThIka hai| dharma zikSA ke vidyArthiyoM ke atirikta sAmAnya tatvAnveSI zraddhAla jana ke liye bhI paThanIya aura saMgrahaNIya hai| navatatva ko jAnakara una para zraddhA karanA hI samyak darzana hai aura samyak darzana, samya jJAna evaM samyak cAritra ke AtmasAta ho jAne se jIvana kA sahI nirmANa hotA hai aura jIva mokSa kI ora agrasara hone ke liye sakSama ho jAtA hai| yaha pustaka samyak jJAna prApta karane kA mAdhyama bana sakatI hai| yaha pustaka kisI bhI pAThaka kA Atma kalyANa kara sakatI hai| dharma meM zraddhA rakhane vAle isake paThana-pAThana se lAbhAnvita hoMge to lekhaka kA zrama saphala hogaa| aisI jJAnavardhaka aura jIvana ko andhere se rozanI kI ora le jAne vAlI isa jyoti zalAkA ke lekhaka zrI tilakacanda jI nArovAliyA nizcita hI sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN|| -'vijayAnanda' se sAbhAra

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( 116 ) prAcanasAra : eka adhyayana-mUla lekhaka : DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye (aMgrejI), hindI anuvAdaka : pro0 lakSmIcanda jaina; prakAzaka : zrI digambara jaina sAhitya-saMskRti saMrakSaNa samiti, DI0 302, viveka vihAra, dillI; AkAra : DimAI; pRSTha saM0 : 5+166; mUlya : ?; saMskaraNa : prathama 1990 / AcArya kundakunda ke grantha 'pravacanasAra' kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana DA0 e. ena. upAdhye ne aMgrejI bhASA meM kiyA thA / 'pravacanasAra : eka adhyayana' upAdhye jI kI usa kRti kA pro0 lakSmIcandra jaina dvArA kiyA gayA hindI rUpAntaraNa hai / prastuta grantha ko chaH khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama khaNDa meM kundakunda viSayaka sAhityika, purAtAttvika aura paramparAgata sAkSyoM kI samAlocanA prastuta kI gaI hai| dUsare khaNDa meM, pUrvavartI evaM paravartI sAkSyoM ke Aloka meM unakI tithinirdhAraNa kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| tIsarA khaNDa AcArya kundakunda ke sAhitya se sambandhita hai, jisameM unakI viSaya-vastu ke sAtha-sAtha saMkSipta samAlocanA prastuta kI gaI hai| cauthe khaNDa meM pravacanasAra ke vividha pakSoM para prakAza DAlate hue (jaina) sAdhu dharma aura (bauddha) bhikSu dharma kA tulanAtmaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai| pA~caveM khaNDa meM pravacanasAra kI TIkAoM se sambandhita tathya ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai aura anta meM chaThe khaNDa meM pravacanasAra kI bhASA kA vyAkaraNIya adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| prastuta hindI rUpAntaraNa kI bhASA sarala evaM pravAhamaya hai / grantha kA hindI rUpAntaraNa ho jAne se yaha kRti hindI pAThakoM ke lie bhI upayogI aura saMgrahaNIya bana gaI hai / prUpha saMzodhana kI sAmAnya vaTiyoM ko chor3akara mudraNa evaM sAja-sajjA nirdoSa evaM AkarSaka hai / grantha kA mUlya aMkita nahIM huA hai ataH kretAoM ko asuvidhA hogii| mahAjIvana kI khoja-mahopAdhyAya candraprabha sAgara; prakAzaka : zrI jitayazAzrI phAuMDezana, kalakattA; pRSTha saM0 140; mUlya : 10 rU0; AkAra : DimAI; saMskaraNa : prathama, 1991 /

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( 117 ) prastuta kRti mahopAdhyAya candraprabhasAgara dvArA vividha avasaroM para diye gaye pravacanoM kA saMkalana hai / isa kRti ko tIna khaMDoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai - ( 1 ) AcArya kundakunda ke sUtroM para (di0 7-11 julAI, 90 ) diye gaye pravacana (2) Anandaghana ke adhyAtma- padoM para ( di0 1-5 agasta, 90 ) diye gaye pravacana aura (3) zrImada rAjacandra ke adhyAtma - padoM para (di0 7 - 12 agasta, 90 ) diye gaye pravacana | " prastuta kRti ke mAdhyama se sAmAnya pAThaka bhI jIvana kI yathArthatA kA bodha karate hue tadanurUpa AcaraNa kI preraNA prApta karegA / dharma premI janoM ke lie yaha pustaka atyaMta lAbhaprada siddha hogI / kRti kI zailI ojapUrNa aura bhASA pravAhamAna hai / mudraNa evaM sAja-sajjA AkarSaka hai / X X X arihaMte saraNaM pavajjAmi - AcArya jayantasenasUri, prakA0 : zrI rAjendra prakAzana TrasTa, ratanapola, hAthIkhAnA ahamadAbAda; AkAra : DimAI; pRSTha saM0 1090 mUlya : dasa ru0; saMskaraNa : prathama 1991 prastuta kRti ke adhyAtmapremI lekhaka AcArya jayantasenasUri jI ne 'prArthanA' ke gUr3hArtha ko apanI sahaja-sundara zailI meM prastuta kiyA hai / Apane 'jaya vIyarAya' sUtra para cintanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se vivecana kara isa kRti ko aura bhI mahatvapUrNa banA diyA hai / yaha kRti dharmapremI janoM ke lie paThanIya aura saMgrahaNIya hai / X X X chahaDhAlA [ saTIka ] - ( gujarAtI anuvAda kA hindI anuvAda ) anuvAdaka : zrI maganalAla jaina; prakA0 : zrI di0 jaina svAdhyAya maMdira TrasTa, sonagar3ha (saurASTra); AkAra : krAuna solaha pejI; pRSTha saM0 : 188; mUlya : ru0 3 == 50; saMskaraNa : bArahavA~, vIra saM0 2515 / kavivara daulatarAmajI kRta 'chahaDhAlA' nAmaka grantha meM dharma kAM svarUpa bhalI-bhA~ti samajhAyA gayA hai / sarvaprathama zrI rAmajIbhAI mANekacaMda dozI ke dvArA isa kRti kA gujarAtI anuvAda kiyA gayA / prastuta kRti usa gujarAtI anuvAda kA hindI anuvAda hai / isameM chaha DhAloM ko alaga-alaga chaha khaNDoM meM varNita kiyA gayA hai,

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( 118 ) jinameM jIva kI anAdikAlIna bhaleM aura unake phala, dharma prApta karane ke upAya, vastu kA svarUpa, samyak dRSTi kI bhAvanA, samyakacAritra tathA mahAvata, dravyAthikanaya se nizcaya naya kA svarUpa tathA usake Azraya se hone vAlI zuddha paryAya evaM paryAyArthikanaya se nizcaya aura vyavahAra kA svarUpa athavA nizcaya tathA vyavahAra paryAya kA svarUpa Adi viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| --DA0 indra za candra siMha prAcIna ardha mAgadhI kI khoja meM--pro0 ke0 Ara0 candra, bhU. pU0 adhyakSa, prAkRta pAli vibhAga, gujarAta yunivarsiTI ahamadAbAda; prakAzaka: prAkRta vidyA vikAsa phaNDa ahamadAbAda 15; vitaraka pArzvaprakAzana, nizApolanAkA jhaverIvADa rilIpharoDa, ahamadAbAda 1, pR0 112-1-18; mUlya ru0 32 = 00 DA0 ke0 Ara0 candra-prAkRta bhASA ke mUrdhanya vidvAna hai| unakI yaha kati ardhamAgadhI ke prAcIna svarUpa ko ujAgara karane kA mahattvapUrNa prayAsa hai / yadyapi jainAgamoM kI bhASA ardhamAgadhI kahI jAtI hai kintu unake sampAdana kAla (vAcanA kAla) meM una para mahArASTrI kA itanA prabhAva A gayA hai ki Aja unako unake prAcIna mUla svarUpa meM sthira karanA eka kaThina samasyA hai| ina pATha bhedoM ke kAraNa kahIM. kahIM mahattvapUrNa artha bheda bhI ho gayA hai jaise khetanna ke pracalita kheyanna/kheyaNNa rUpa ke kAraNa usakA artha 'kSetrajJa' (AtmajJa) se badalakara 'khedajJa' ho gayA hai| vidvAna lekhaka ne pracIna AgamoM kI upalabdha hastapratoM evaM prakAzita saMskaraNoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke AdhAra para prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kA svarUpa kyA rahA hogA isakA gambhIra vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA hai| jo loga prAkRta bhASA ke adhyayana se jur3e hue haiM unake liye yaha kRti paThanIya hai| grantha kI sAjasajjA aura mudraNa cAhe sAmAnya ho kintu usakI viSayavastu gahana adhyayana aura zodhadRSTi se sampanna hai| aise prakAzana ke liye lekhaka aura prakAzaka badhAI ke pAtra hai|

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( 119 ) paJcazatI-lekhaka AcArya vidyAsAgarajI saMskRta TIkA evaM hindI rUpAntaraNa-DA0 paM0 pannAlAla sAhityAcArya; prakAzakajJAnagaMgA 30 DipTIgaMja sadarabAjAra, dillI 110006; pR0 351+14 AcArya vidyAsAgarajI na kevala vartamAna digambara muni paramparA ke prabuddha AcArya haiM, apitu eka uccakoTi ke sAhitya sarjaka bhI haiM / ve hindI ke samAna hI saMskRta bhASA meM bhI sAdhikAra racanAye likhate haiM unakI yaha kRti isa tathya kI sAkSI hai ki jaina paramparA meM saMskRta bhASA kI racanA-dharmitA Aja bhI jIvanta hai| prastuta kRti meM AcArya zrI ke nimna pA~ca zatakoM kA saMkalana hai 1. zramaNa zataka, 2. niraMjana zataka, 3. bhAvanA zataka 4. pariSaha (kaSTa) jaya zataka aura 5. sunIti zataka / viSayavastu kI dRSTi se pAMcoM zataka adhyAtma, vairAgya zaura nIti pradhAna hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kRti zAnta-rasa pradhAna hai| sAmAnyatayA to bhASA meM pravAha aura lAlitya hai yadyapi kahIM-kahIM adhika bojhila evaM durUha avazya ho gaI hai| ina sabhI zatakoM kA padyAnuvAda svayaM AcArya zrI ne kiyA hai| vaha una logoM ke liye vizeSa rUcikara evaM prabodhaka hogA-jo saMskRta bhASA nahIM samajha pAte haiN| hindI padyAnuvAda bhAvapUrNa tathA adhika sahaja aura bodha gamya hai| paM0 pannAlAlajI kI saMskRta vyAkhyA aura hindI anuvAda bhI viSaya ke sAtha pUrNa nyAya karatA hai aura use spaSTa aura bodhagamya banA detA hai| isa kRti ke sRjana ke liye lekhaka evaM vyAkhyAkAra donoM hI abhinandanIya hai| mudraNa evaM sAja-sajjA nirdoSa aura kalApUrNa hai| grantha paThanIya aura saMgrahaNIya hai| --DA0 sAgaramala jaina jaina nirdezikA-saMpAdaka pradIpa kumAra copar3A; pra0 zrI jaina samAja, DI0 142 grIsama sTrITa sekTara 2-bI, vidhAna nagara, durgApura 71 / 329 / 2 prathama saMskaraNa sitambara 1991, pR0 58020 : AkAra ibalaDimAI pepara baika, mUlya 25 rupye|

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( 120 ) jaina nirdezikA zIrSaka se yaha bhrama hotA hai ki isameM vardhavAna jile ke jaina sadasyoM kI sUcanA mAtra hai parantu isameM jaina vidyA se sambandhita 12 lekha bhI diye gaye haiM jo jaina vidyA ke vividha pahaluoM para likhe gaye haiN| isameM upAdhyAya amaramuni, AcArya zrI rajanIza, zrI rAmadhArI siMha dinakara, sva0 muni mahendra kumAra jI prathama, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa Adi vibhUtiyoM dvArA likhe gaye lekha upalabdha haiN| jo isa nirdezikA kI mUlyavattA meM cAra cAMda lagA dete haiN| ina lekhoM ke hone se nirdezikA kI upayogitA sUcanAtmaka mAtra nahIM raha jAtI aura yaha pAThakoM ke lie uccastarIya bauddhika sAmagrI bhI upalabgra karAtI haiN| patrikA kI rUpa sajjA atyanta suruci pUrNa evaM mudraNa ucca-- koTi kA hai, nirdezikA saMgrahaNIya hai / rayaNasAra-AcArya kundakunda anu0 AryanandI muni; prakAzaka : zrutabhaNDAra graMtha prakAzana samiti phalaTaNa / solApura, mahArASTra AcArya zAntisAgara di0 jaina jinavANI jIrNoddhAra granthamAlA puSpa 21, AkAra Dabala krAuna 16 pR0 pepara baika, pR0 10-70 mUlya svaadhyaay| ___AcArya kunda-kunda kI racanAoM ke rUpa meM mAnya 'rayaNa sAra' ke isa saMskaraNa meM mUla marAThI anuvAda sahita prakAzita hai / isa saMskaraNa meM 171 gAthAyeM dI huI haiN| jabaki DA0 devendra zAstrI sampAdita (kunda-kunda bhAratI dillI se 1975 meM prakAzita saMskaraNa meM 156 gAthAyeM upalabdha haiM, aura zrI madrarAjacandra, svAdhyAya mandira devalAlI se prakAzita saMskaraNa meM 167 gAthAyeM haiN| yaha grantha vyavahAra ratnatraya kA pratipAdana karatA hai| mukhya rUpa se yaha AcAra zAstra kA graMtha hai| isameM zuddha Atma-tatva ko lakSya meM rakhakara gRhastha aura muni ke saMyama-caritra kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| prakAzaka ne marAThI anuvAda prakAzita kara prazaMsanIya kArya kiyA hai| --DA0 azoka kumAra siMha

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( 121 ) jinendra-vANI (prathama khaNDa)-lekhaka manohara muni jI; sampAdakaH tilakadhara zAstrI; Atma-manohara jainazrutapITha, 150, L, mADalaTAuna, ludhiyAnA; prathama saMskaraNa 1991; mUlya 160 ru0; rAyala 8. pRSTha sajilda 23, 664, 64 / ___isameM dazavaikAlika, AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, dazAzrutaskandha, praznavyAkaraNa sUtra, Avazyaka, nandI aura uttarAdhyayana sUtra ina pramukha 8. jaina Agama granthoM kA hindI meM sAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isameM do pariziSTa bhI haiN| prathama pariziSTa meM ina granthoM meM AyI pramukha kathAoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| dvitIya pariziSTa me pramukha pAribhASika zabdoM kA artha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / isa grantha meM viSaya ko mUla ke anusAra hI adhyayanAdi meM vargIkRta kara prastuta kiyA gayA hai / hindI bhASA meM eka jilda meM 8 pramukha AgamoM kI viSaya vastu ko upalabdha karAkara munizrI ne stutya kArya kiyA hai / isa grantha kI eka kamI jaina vidvAnoM ko avazya khttkegii| isameM dazavaikAlika kI bhI viSaya vastu ko sudharmA aura jambU svAmI ke saMvAda ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai jabaki yaha sarvamAnya rUpa se zayyaMbhava kI kRti hai| ___ jo bhI ho isa grantha kA kalevara AkarSaka hai, mudraNa atyanta sundara hai| AkAra kI dRSTi se isakA mUlya bhI atyanta kama hai / grantha saMgrahaNIya hai| samayasAra vaibhava-lekhaka : AcArya kundakunda; bhAvAnuvAdaka nAthurAma DoMgarIya; prakAzaka : jaina sAhitya prakAzana, 70 ema0 TI0 klAtha mArkeTa indaura; DimAI pRSTha 304; mUlya ru0 21 mAtra / prastuta grantha meM AcArya kundakunda kI adhyAtma pradhAna mahAna kRti samayasAra kA mUla ke sAtha hindI padyAnuvAda aura bhAvArtha diyA gayA hai| ataH samayasAra ko hindI mAdhyama se samajhane kA saralatama evaM sahaja upAya hai| vaise to aba taka samayasAra ke aneka saMskaraNa hindI anuvAda yA vyAkhyA ke sAtha prakAzita ho cuke haiM kucha hindI padyAnuvAda bhI nikale haiN| kintu prastuta kRti kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usakI vyAkhyAyeM na to ati vistRta hai aura na ati saMkSipta / ve viSaya ko

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( 122 ) spaSTa karane meM pUrI taraha nyAya karatI haiM aura pravacana zailI meM likhI gaI vyAkhyAoM kI taraha artha meM viSaya ko bojhila nahIM banAtI hai| yadyapi pUrva meM lekhaka ke padyAnuvAda svataMtrarUpa se mudrita hue the kintu isameM mUla pATha ko ukta hindI padyAnuvAda ke sAtha-sAtha hindI gadyavyAkhyA se samanvita kiyA gayA hai / mudraNa aura sAjasajjA nirdoSa aura AkarSaka hai / grantha paThanIya evaM saMgrahaNIya hai| ___ grantha ke prArambha meM paM0 jaganmohanalAlajI kI bhamikA aura nAthurAma jI kA sampAdakIya bhI mahattvapUrNa aura paThanIya hai usase grantha kI mahattA meM vRddhi huI hai| digambaratva aura digambara muni-lekhaka kAmatA prasAda jaina; prakAzaka : zrI raghuvara dayAla jaina, smRti granthamAlA B. 2/22 sopiMga senTara saphadaragaMja inakleva naI dehalI 29, pR0 162, mUlya svAdhyAya / prastuta kRti do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai prathama bhAga meM digambaratva kI vyAkhyA ke sAtha sAtha hindu, bauddha, IsAI, islAma Adi vibhinna paramparAoM meM digambaratva kA kyA sthAna hai isakI carcA kI gaI hai| sAtha hI digambara muni ke paryAyavAcI nAmoM kI carcA bhI dI gaI hai / isameM itihAsAtIta kAla meM aura aitihAsika yuga ke vibhinna kAlakhaNDoM meM hue digambara muniyoM kI bhI sapramANa carcA kI gaI hai| ataH prastuta kRti ko digambaratva aura digambara muniyoM kA eka aitihAsika dastAveja kahA jA sakatA hai| mudraNa nirdoSa evaM sAjasajjA AkarSaka hai| kRti paThanIya aura saMgrahaNIya hai| isa mahatvapUrNa kRti ke liye lekhaka aura prakAzaka dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| .

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sAbhAra prApti 1. zIlatva kI saurabha : lekhaka- AcArya zrI jayantasenasUri; prakA zrI rAjarAjendra prakAzana TrasTa, ratanapola, hAthIkhAnA, ahamadA-bAda; pR0 saM0 32; mUlya : 500ru0; 1991 / prastuta laghukRti meM zIladharma ke upAsaka evaM pAlaka vijaya seTha aura vijayA seThAnI kI kathA ko bar3e hI preraNAspada DhaMga se varNita kiyA gayA hai / 2. cira pravAsI - lekhaka evaM prakAzaka : uparokta; pR0 saM0 40 ; mUlya : 4.00 ru0; 1991 / prastuta laghu kRti AcArya zrI jayanta vijayajI ke muktakoM kA saMgraha hai / 3. sevA hamArI bhASA - pravacanakAra : puSpadaMta sAgara, prakAzaka kundakunda prakAzana 731 rUpa mahala gesTa hAusa, karamacanda cauka, jabalapura ( ma0pra0) pR0 saM0 : 18; prastuta kRti meM bhAratIya rASTrIyatA para munizrI ke pravacanoM kA saMkalana hai | 4. nizcaya nahIM niSkarSa kaho - lekhaka - prakAzaka- pUrvokta; pRSTha saM0 : 26; sahayoga (mUlya) : ru0 do / 5. prastuta vyAkhyAna meM nizcaya ko kevala jJeya nahIM mAnakara usake anusAra jIvana jIne kI bAta kahI gayI hai / AcArya zrI kA mAnanA hai ki vyavahAra ke pazcAt hI nizcayAtyaka anubhava sambhava hotA hai / namaskAra mahAmaMtra - lekhaka : muni zrI jayAnanda- vijayajI; pustakaprAptisthala : zAzvata dharma kAryAlaya, jAmalI nAkA, thAnA (mahArASTra) / prastuta kRti meM pA~coM padoM kA Agamika AdhAra para vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI pratyeka pada ke pratyeka zabda ko lekara usakI viziSTatA kI carcA kI gaI hai / 6. mukti mahala kA rAjamArga - lekhaka : munijayAnanda vijaya; prApti sthala: pUrvokta;

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( 124 ) prastuta kRti meM dAna, zIla, tapa, aura bhAvanA ina cAra viSayoM para abhidhAna rAjendra koSa ke AdhAra para vyAkhyAe~ evaM vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| .. 7. kAmovijetA jagatovijetA-lekhaka aura prApti sthlpuurvokt| prastuta kRti meM kAmavAsanA para vijaya pAne ke sandarbha meM 115 sUkti vacana saMkalita kiye gaye haiN| cintana kI razmiyA~-lekhaka (ciMtaka) : muni zrI jayAnanda vijayajI, prakAzaka : zA. bAbulAla amIcandajI bAphaNA, mAgha kAlonI bhInamAla (raaj.)| prastuta kRti meM lekhaka ne jaina dharma se sambandhita vibhinna viSayoM para apane cintana ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| 9. pragati kA prathama sopAna- lekhaka : pUrvokta; prakAzaka zA. pukharAjajI manarUpajI zAjI, pIpala cauka; bhInamAla (raajsthaan)| prastuta kRti meM dharma ke svarUpa ke vivecana ke sAtha-sAtha zrAvaka ke 35 mArgAnusArI guNoM kA varNana hai| 10. muni jIvana no mArga (gujarAtI)- lekhaka : pUrvokta; prakAzaka : zrI tharAda jaina zrAvikA saMgha, tharAda, vnaaskaaNtthaa| prastuta kRti meM lekhaka ne jaina muni jIvana ke sAmAnya AcAra niyamoM para vizeSa rUpa se prakAza DAlA hai / 11. manuSya kI aisI jindagAnI-lekhakaH muni ajitazekharavijayaH prakAzaka : zrI jaina saMgha gunTUra; pRSTha saM0 105; mUlya : ru0 15= 00 / prastuta kRti meM anityANizarIrANi, bhagavAna mahAvIra kA utkRSTa vairAgya, aNu meM virATa kA darzana, svayaM ko sudhArojagata ko svIkAro, mahAnatA ke mArgopadezaka bhagavAna mahAvIra, dhArI ke svAda meM, Adi viSayoM para muni zrI ke vicAroM kA saMkalana hai|

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