Samipya 1987 Vol 04 Ank 03 04

Author(s): Pravinchandra C Parikh, Bhartiben Shelat
Publisher: Bholabhai Jeshingbhai Adhyayan Sanshodhan Vidyabhavan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/535765/1

Page #1
sANIya putaka 4 aMka 3-4 okaTobara, 87 - mArca 1988 Adhina. vi. saM. 2043 thI phAlyuna, vi. saM. 2044 adhyayana ane saMzodhananuM trimAsika - saMpAdaka pravINacaMdra ci. parIkha bhAratI kI zelata bhoLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI adhyayana saMzAdhana vidyAbhavana amadAvAda-380 009 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #2
varSamAM cAra aMka bahAra paDe che: eprila-jUna, julAI-sapTembara, eNkaTobara-Disembara ane jAnyuArI-mArcanA lavAjama lekhakone vijJapti 'sAmI'mAM prakAzita karavA mATe lekhakoe pRinI eka ja bAjue zAhIthI suvAcya akSare lakhelA lekha mokalavA vinaMtI che, zakya hoya te lekhe TAIpa karI mokalavA jarUrI che. gujarAta vidyApIThanA joDaNIkeza pramANenI joDaNI rAkhavI Avazyaka che. lekhanI mULa prata ja mekavI. lekhanuM lakhANuM 3,000 zabdothI vadhu lAMbuM na hevuM joIe. bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti, purAtattva ane prAcyavidyAne lagatA kaI paNa viSaya para saMzodhanAtmaka ke ucca kakSAno lekha ja svIkAravAmAM Avaze. lekhake e pAchIpamAM saMdarbhagraMthanuM nAma, enA lekhaka ke saMpAdakanuM nAma, AvRtti, prakAzanavarSa gere vigata darzAvavI Avazyaka che. lekhanI sAthe jarUrI phoTogrApha, rekhAMkane vagere mokalavAM Avazyaka che. anyatra pragaTa thavA mokalelAM lakhANa A sAmAjika mATe mokalavAM nahIM. ahIM pragaTa thatA lekhomAM vicAre lekhakanA che. tenI sAthe saMpAdake haMmezA sahamata che ema mAnavuM nahIM. sAmayikanAM A lakhANa kopIrAITathI surakSita karavAmAM Ave che. A sAmayikomAM prasiddha thayela lekha mATe mudrita pRSTha dITha rU. 5/-no puraskAra temaja emanA lekhanI 20 eNphajhisa apAze. graMthAvalokana mATe graMthanI samIkSA karAvavA mATe pustakanI be nakala mekalavI anivArya gaNAze. je pustakanI eka ja nakala maLI haze tenI samIkSAne badale e aMge sAbhAra-svIkAra noMdhamAM ane samAveza karavAmAM Avaze. pustaka samIkSAne yogya che ke kema ene nirNaya saMpAdake karaze. purataMkanA samIkSakane ochAmAM ochuM rU. 10 -ne puraskAra ane emanA avakananI 10 eprinsa tathA emaNe avakana karela graMthanI nakala bheTa apAze. -saMpAdaka bhAratamAM : rU. 20/- (TapAla kharca sAthe) paradezamAM : yu. esa. e. mATe 6 Dolara (TapAla kharca sAthe) yuropa ane anya dezo mATe - 250 pauDa (TapAlakharca sAthe) lavAjama mATenuM varSa eprilathI mArca ma. ., patro, lekho, ceke vagere "adhyakSa, bhe. je. adhyayana saMzodhana vidyAbhavana, ha. kA. A kolejanA kampAunDamAM Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380009' e saranAme mekalavA. jAherAto A mAsikamAM jAherAta ApavA mATe lakho : saMpAdaka, 'sAmI', bho. je. adhyayanasaMzAdhana vidyAbhavana, ha. kA. ArTasa kolejanA kampAunDamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380 009 jAherAtanA dara aMdaranuM puSTha AkhuM rU. 500/, , adhu rU. 250/AvaraNa pRSTha bIju trIju rU. 1,000/ cothuM rU. 2,000 - prakAzaka : DaoN. pravINacaMdra parIkha adhyakSa, bhe. je. vidyAbhavana, ha. kA. ArTasa koleja kampAunDamAM, Azrama roDa. amadAvAda-380009 prakAzana varSa : mArca 1989 mudraka : kRSNa prinTasa, cha-e, vAsupUjya cembarsa, amadAvAda-9 : For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #3
sAmeTyuM 144 ekabara, 87 thI mArca, 1988 pustaka 4, aMka 3-4 Adhina, vi. saM. 2043 thI phALuna, vi. saM. 2044 anukramaNikA 1. prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsamAM abhilekha bhagavAnasiMhajI sUryavaMzI vidyAnuM mahattva 2. maitraka rAjA dharasena 2 jAnuM saradAra hariprasAda zAstrI, ane vallabhabhAI paTela myujhiyama surata, bhAratI zelata 1217 tAmrapatra, zaka saMvata 400 3. Arya saMskRti ane paMca-makAra jayadeva a. jAnI 135 ja. "amasvAmicarita'no racanAkALa madhusUdana DhAMkI 128 5. saMvAda rameza beTAI 6. caMdranuM mUti vidhAna : purANa ane zilpa kamalezakumAra che. cokasI 153 zAstrIya graMthanA pariprekSyamAM che. leketi alaMkAra pI. yu. zAstrI 8. ziva vivAhane lagatI gujarAtamAMthI prApta pravINacaMdra parIkha be virala pratimAo 9. gujarAtamAMthI upalabdha "kAliyamardana zilpamAM viSNunuM svarUpa haripriyA raMgarAjana 164 10. mArtaDa, mANekanAtha ane amadAvAda 2. nA. mahetA, raseza jamInadAra 67 11. sIdI arabastAnamAMnI gujarAtanA be phArasI salatanatakalIna itihAsa-graMthanI prati keDa. e. desAI 12. rakAba (gaDA)no itihAsa bAlAjI gaNorakara 179 13. sau prathama gujarAtI akhabAra "muMbaI samAcAra" ratana rustamajI mArzala 183 14. dakSiNa gujarAtanA pATIdAra ane anAvilenI jJAti sudhAraNAnI dizAH 20 mI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM zirIna mahetA 189 15. amadAvAdanAM keTalAMka parAM ane piLo vibhUti vi. bhaTTa 198 (rAyapura-khADiyA vistAra) graMtha samIkSA 201 citra sUci 1. maitrakarAjA dharasena 2 jAnuM saradAra paTela myujhiyama tAmrapatra 160 sAme 2. kalyANa suMdara mati, pAvAgaDha 3. pArvatI-pariNayanuM Alekhana karatuM zilpa, amadAvAda 16 0 - 61 vacce 4. kAliyamardana, mAdhavapurA (saurASTra) 161 sAme 5. kalika, rANIvAva, pATaNa | gujarAta vidyAsabhA saMcAlita bhoLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana ha. kA. ArTasa koleja kampAunDamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380 009 172 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #4
prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsamAM abhilekhavidyAnuM mahattva+- bhagavAnasiMhajI sUryavaMzI * bhAratanA rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika itihAsanA adhyayana, saMzodhana ane nirUpaNa mATe abhilekhA e atyaMta mahattvanuM sAdhana che. abhilekhane uddeza amuka vyakti ke vRttAMtane lagatI hakIkata TakAu padArtha para UtarIte enI kAyamI taiAMdha rAkhavAnA hoya che. AthI e lakhANa te te vyakti ke vRttAMtanA itihAsa mATe mahattvanu` samakAlIna sAdhana khanI rahe che. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir aitihAsika caritA ke vRttAMte nirUpanAra prAcIna lekhako potAnI najIkanA bhUtakALanA abhilekhA vAMcI emAMnI hakIkata noMdhatA, paraMtu prAcIna abhilekha ukelI zakatA nahIM arvAcIna paMDitA ane lahiyAe vadhumAM vadhu sAtamI sadI sudhInAM jUnAM lakhANa mahAmahenate ukelI zakatA. tArIkhe firAjAhI'pramANe I. sa. 1356 mAM dilhInA sulatAna phirAjazAha tugaluke ToparA (ji. aMbAlA, pUrva paMjAba)mAMthI eka jUnA zilAsta bha dhaNI jahematathI khaseDAvI dilhImAM ' phirojhazAha koTalA ' ane meraTha( uttara pradeza )mAMthI khIne zilAsta`ba khaseDAvI dilhImAM 'kuzka zikAra' pAse UbhA karAvele, A khate zilAsta bho para kotarelA lekhAmAMnI hakIkta jANuvA sulatAne ghaNA pa`DitAne ekaThA karyAM, paraMtu ati prAcIna lipimAM kAtarAyelA A lekha kAI paDatathI vAMcI zakAyA nahi. sau prathama I. sa. 1781 thI 1786 daramyAna yuropIya vidvAna cAlsa" devapAladeva( I. sa. 9 mI sadI )nuM meAMghIra( bihAra )nuM tAmrapatra ane maukharI varSoMnA nAgArjunI ane kharAbaranI guphrAmAMnA traNa abhilekhA ukelyA. viliyama vikinse vaMzanA rAjA anaMta 1780-88 daramyAna cAhasa vikinse bagALanA dInAjapura jillAnA khadAla pAse maLela aMgALanA rAjA nArAyaNupAlanA samayane eka zilAstabha paranA lekha ukeyA ane prasiddha karyAM.3 e ja varSe 5. rAdhAkAnta zarmAe ajameranA cAhamAna rAjA vIsaladeva-vigraharAja 4 thAnA traNa dilhI sivAlika zilAstabha lekha vAMcyA, jemAMnA emAM vi. saM 1220' I. sa. 1164)nI miti ApelI che.ja I. sa. 1818 thI 1823 daramyAna kali jemsa ToDe rAjapUtAnA ane kAThiyAvADamAMthI I. sanI cha mI thI 15 mI sadI sudhInA bhrUNA prAcIna lekha zodhI kADhayA. A lekha jaina yati jJAnacaMdra vAMcyA.pa For Private and Personal Use Only khI. jI. vaeNligTane mAmalapuranA dhaNA prAcIna saMskRta ane tamiLa lekhA vAMcI 1828 mAM enI vadhu mAlA taiyAra karI. e ja rIte vaoNlTara iliyaTe prAcIna kannaDa akSarA ukelI 1833 mAM enI vahu mAlA pragaTa karI, 1834 mAM kaeNpTana Troyare alAhAbAdanA samudraguptanA zikSAsta bhale khanA + yunivarsiTI vyAkhyAnazreNI ' heThaLa bho. je. vidyAbhavananA bhAratIya saMskRti keMdramAM apAyela 1986-87 nuM vyAkhyAna . * prophesara, DipA maeNnTa oNpha ArkiyolAjI, ma. sa. yunivarsIiTI, vaDAdarA sAmIpya H oNkaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 198] [117

Page #5
keTaleka bhAga ukaryo ane De. miloe e ja varSe saMpUrNa vAM. 1837 mAM skaMdaguptano bhitarI zilAtaMbhalekha vAM. 1835 mAM Dablyu. eca. bethane valabhInA tAmrapatro vAMcyA. 1837-38 mAM jemsa prinsepe dilhI, kahAu ane eraNanA staMbhalekha tathA giranAra zailalekhanA guptakAlIna lekha ukelyA ane te pachI te aneka khyAtanAma bhAratIya vidvAno thayA, jemaNe paNa brAhmI, kharoSThI, kuTila ane nAgarI lipione pUrepUrI ukelI. ItihAsanA adhyayana mATe abhilekhavidyA atyaMta Avazyaka che. vizeSataH prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsanuM adhyayana te abhilekhAnA jJAna sivAya thaI zake ja nahIM. itihAsanI daSTie A eka atyaMta pramANabhUta strota che. tatkAlIna rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsanA adhyayana, saMzodhana ane nirUpaNu mATe abhilekho e eka ghaNuM mahatvanuM sAdhana che. vaNya viSayone AdhAre abhilekhanuM vagIkaraNa A pramANe thaI zake ? 1, dharmAnAsana ; maurya samrATa azokanA mukhya zailalekha tathA staMbhalekhe dhamane lagatAM anuzAsanA( upadeza)rUpe lakhAyA che. 2, rAjazAsano : azokanA keTalAka abhilekha adhikArIone uddezIne karAyelAM rAjazAsanorUpe lakhAyA che, jema ke kaliMganA alaga zailalekhe, "alAhAbAda-kosama staMbha parano rANIne lagatA lekha temaja saMghane lagato lekha.8 2. pratimA lekhe : pratimAlekhe be prakAranA hoya che : 1. pASANa pratimAlekha 2. dhAta pratimA lekha. A lekhamAM pratimAnA nirmANa ane tenI pratiSThAne lagatA lekha katarelA hoya che. lekhamAM pratimA ghaDAvanAra vyakti ke saMsthAnuM nAma, pratiSThAne hetu, tatkAlIna zAsakanuM nAma, miti vagere jaNAvela heya che. 4. prazasti lekha : prazasti lekhamAM vijaya pAmelA narezanAM parAkramo, zo, vijita rAjAo. vijaya kacano mArga vagerenuM racira varNana kareluM hoya che; jema ke khAravelane hAthIguphA lekha, samudraguptanI alAhAbAda prazasti, rudradAmA ane skaMdaguptanA jUnAgaDha zailalekha, yazadharmAna maMdira zilAtaMbhalekha, tejapALane Abu lekha, kumArapALane vaDanagara lekha, DabhoInI vaidyanAtha prazasti. nAnAkanI keDinAra prazasti vagere. . pa. pUrtanirmANanA lekhe : maMdira, vAva, kUvA, taLAva Adi sArvajanika paramArthanA bAMdhakAmane pUrta kahe che. bauddha stUpamAMnA asthipAtra para, caityagRhanA staMbha ane vihAranA staMbha upara ghaNI vAra tenA nirmANane lagatA lekha kotareluM hoya che. besanagara garuDastaMbhalekhamAM eka bhAgavata yavane vAsudevanA maMdira sAme garuDadhvaja karAvyAno ullekha che.10 jUnAgaDha zailalekhamAM 11 mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAe tathA gupta samrATa skaMdagupate tyAMnA sudarzane taLAvane setu samarAvyAnI hakIkata che. caMdragupta ra jAna mathurA staMbhalekha2 be zivAlayonA nirmANane lagate che. maMdiranA zilAlekhamAM, I.sa. 436 mAM sUryamaMdiranuM nirmANa ane I.sa. 473 mAM punanirmANa thayAnuM jaNAvyuM che.13 eraNane staMbhalekha(I. sa. 483) viSNunA vajastaMbhane lagato che.14 gujarAtanA prAcIna abhilekhomAM AvA abhilekha khAsa karIne solaMkI kAlathI vadhu saMkhyAmAM maLe che. prabhAsapATaNamAM somanAtha maMdirano jIrNoddhArane lagatA zilAlekha 5 mejUda che, kumArapALe AnaMdapura(vaDanagara)mAM keTa karAvyAne ulekha vaDanagara lekhamAM che. 118] [sAmIpya : ekabara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #6
6 mAraka lekho : AvA zilAlekhomAM kaI mahApuruSa athavA narezanuM evuM varNana Ave che, je koI vizeSa avasaranI yAda apAve che, jema ke azokanA razmina deI lekhamAM bhagavAna buddhanA janmasthaLanuM varNana che. aMdhau ji. kaccha)mAMthI maLelA kAmaka kSatrapa rAjA cASTananA yaTile paNa saMbaMdhInI smRti arthe yaSTi UbhI karAvyAnuM jaNAve che. 10 a. dAnazAsane : bihAranA gayA jillAmAM AvelA barAbara DuMgaranI guphAomAM kotarAyelA maurya rAjA azokanA tathA dazarathanA traNa abhilekha te te guphA AjIvikene dAnamAM ApI hovAnuM jaNAve che. dAnane lagatAM AvA zAsanone "dAnazAsana kahe che, orissAmAM udayagirikhaMDagirimAM tathA dakhaNamAM nAsika ane kAlanI guphAomAM kSaharAta kSatrapa tathA sAtavAhana vaMzanA rAjAonAM dAnazAsana kotarelAM che. A dAnazAsana tAMbAnA patarAM para kotarAvIne paNa ApavAmAM AvatAM. ene " tAmrapatra" ke "tAmrazAsana' kahetA. tAmrapatro para kotarelAM TUMkA dAnazAsananA sahuthI jUnA namUnA uttara bhAratamAM pahelI sadInA maLyA che. gujarAtamAM maLeluM sahuthI prAcIna tAmrapatra 4 thI sadInuM che. valabhInA trika vaMzanA rAjAonAM ekasothI vadhu tAmrazAsana maLyAM che. gujare, cAlukyo ane rASTrona ghaNuM tAmrazAsane prApta thayAM che. solaMkI vaMzanAM paNa aneka tAmrapatra maLyA che, jema ke siddharAja jayasiMhanuM vi. saM. 1193 nuM dAnapatra, kumArapAlanuM vi saM. 1201 nuM dAnapatra, ajunadevanuM vi. saM. 1320 nu dAna5tra vagere. Ama abhilekhavidyA prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsane atyaMta mahattvapUrNa AdhAra che, jene aneka prakArathI abhyAsa ApaNe karI zakIe chIe. prastuta lekhamAM aitihAsika ane sAMskRtika daSTie abhilekhenA mahatva vize vivecana karyuM che. abhilekhenuM sauthI mahatvanuM anudAna bhAratane itihAsa che. je abhilekha na hota, to bhAratanI aneka mahAna vibhUtio ajJAta rahI hata. dA. ta., samrATa azoka, azakane ApaNe zilAlekhenA AdhAre ja jANIe chIe. jo ke siMhalI bauddha graMthomAM azokanuM varNana thayuM che, chatAM mAtra sAhityika pramANenuM koI mUlya hotuM nathI. prAcIna sAhityamAM aneka rAjAone nAmollekha che, paraMtu purAtatvIya pramANonA abhAve AvA rAjAone prAcIna itihAsamAM koI sthAna apAtuM nathI. A mATe rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhArata mahattvanAM udAharaNa che. vAmIki rAmAyaNamAM sUryavaMzI nareza dazaratha tathA rAma-lakSmaNane itihAsa che, jemanA viSayanI aneka bAbate nizcita che ane bahusaMkhyaka vidvAne AmanI aitihAsikatAne svIkAra kare che. paraMtu purAtatvIya pramANonA abhAve ene itihAsanA pRSThomAM sthAna ApavuM muzkela che. A ja sthiti mahAbhAratanI che. paraMtu mahAbhAratanA astitvane batAvanArAM keTalAMka purAtattvIya pramANe maLe che, tethI mahAbhAratane te itihAsanA pRSThomAM sthAna ApI zakAya che, chatAM A aMge vadhu zodhane avakAza to che ja. prAcIna bhAratanA itihAsane ghaNe aMza abhilekhe upara AdhAra rAkhe che. udAharaNa tarIke kaliMganA rAjA khAravele dakSiNathI uttara sudhI vijaya meLavyo hato, paNa tene sAhityamAM kayAMya ulekha maLato nathI. abhilekhenuM rAjanaitika ItihAsamAM sauthI moTuM pradAna kAlagaNanA che, je sAhityika tathyathI barobara pramANita banI zakatuM nathI. dezakALa tathA kAlagaNanA vinA itihAsamAM dAdA-dAdInI vAta je banI rahe che. prAcIna kALamAM bhAratavarSamAM ghaNuM badhA saMvata prayojAyA. saMvatane sAce nirNaya sAmIpya : oNphaTebara, '87 thI mArca, 1988]. [119 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #7
paNa abhilekhe sivAya saMbhavita nathI. bauddha, jaina, brAhmaNa tathA yunAnI graMthonA AdhAre evuM manAya che ke naMdavaMzIya nareza dhananaMda mahAna sikaMdarane samakAlIna hatuM. A tathya sau koI svIkAre che. abhilekhavidyA kevI rIte prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsanA kAlakramane nirdhArita karavAmAM sahAyaka bane che e ahI joIe. samrATa azokanA teramA zilAlekhamAM cAra yunAnI narezone ullekha che, je azokanA samakAlIna hatA. jemake sIriyAno eNnTIokasa 2 (aMtaka) jeNe 26 1 I. pU. thI 246 I. pU. rAjya karyuM. bIje uttara AphrikAmAM sAIrInane zAsaka, megAsa maka) je I. pU. 250 thI 242 I. pU. sudhI rahyo. turamAya nAmaka TelemI 2 jo ijiptane zAsaka I. pU. ra77 thI 247 I. pU. sudhI rahyo. cothe alikamyudara epirasano elekajhAMDara I. pU. 272 thI 225 I. pU. athavA kArethane elekajhAMDara(I. pU. 255-244). A rIte I. pU. 258 sudhI cAreya rAjAo vidyamAna hatA ane azoka temane samakAlIna hati, e jANI zakAya che. ema mAnI zakAya ke azoke pitAne teramo lekha zAsanakAlanA teramAM varSamAM lakhyo hato. azokanA teramA zilAlekhamAM lakhyuM che ke teNe ATha varSa sudhI rAjaya karyuM. tyArabAda kaliMga upara vijaya meLavyuM, arthAta pitAnA rAjyAbhiSekanA ATha varSa pachI teNe kaliMga upara vijaya meLavyuM. siMhalI graMthanA anusAra pArasparika saMdharSane lIdhe cAra varSa sudhI azake pitAnA rAjayAbhiSekanA navamA varSamAM kaliMga vijaya meLavyo hoya, to 9+ 4 = 13 ema gAdI upara beThA pachI 13 mAM varSa pachI athavA te teramA varSamAM zilAlekha lakhAyo hovo joIe. upayukta yunAnI narezamAM megAsane mRtyu I. pU. 258 mAM thayuM, eTale terame zilAlekha megAsanA mRtyuthI aMdAje be varSa pUrva eTale ke I. sa. pUrva 256 mAM lakhAye hai joIe. A rIte 256 + 13 = 269 I. pU. azAkano rAjyAbhiSeka thayo hovo joIe. dIpavaMzamAM jazuLyA anusAra AMtarika saMdharSane lIdhe 4 varSa sudhI azoka gAdI upara besI zakayo na hato. ethI 270 + 4 = 274 I, pU mAM azoka rAjA thayo. dIpavaMza anasAra gautama buddhanA mahAparinirvANunA 218 varSa pachI azoka rAjA thayo. Ama 218 + 270 = 488 I. pU. mAM bhagavAna buddhanuM nirvANa thayuM. A tithi(488 I. pU.) cInanI kenTonI paraMparA sAthe paNa maLatI Ave che. A paraMparA anusAra gautama buddhanA mahAparinirvANa pachI dareka varSe eka biMdu mUkavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. badhA maLIne kula 975 biMdu che te paraMparA I. sa. 489 sudhI cAlI hatI. AthI (975- 489 = 486 I. pU.) cInI paraMparA mujaba bhagavAna buddhanuM nirvANa I. pU. 486 mAM thayuM. A rIte bhagavAna buddhane samaya nakkI thayA pachI, have magadhanA rAjAo eTale ke biMbisAra, ajAtazatru vagerethI mAMDI cheka azoka sudhInA rAjAone samaya jANI zakAya che. A sAthe azokanA samaya vaDe maurya samrATono samaya paNa sahelAIthI maLI rahe che. dA. ta. azokanA rAjyAbhiSeka I. pU. 269-70 mAM thaze. cAra varSa sudhI te rAjyAbhiSeka karI zakyo nahIM, eTale 270 + 4 = 274 I. pU. arthAta 274 I. pU. mAM te gAdI upara beThe. eTale ke biMdusArane svargavAsa 274 I. pU. AsapAsa thayo haze. biMdusAre 25 varSa sudhI rAjya karyuM, eTale 274 + 25= 299 I. pU. 299 thI I. pU. 274 sudhI. caMdragupta maurya 24 varSa sudhI rAjya kayu (299 + 24 = 323 I. pU.). 23 I. pU. thI 299 I. pU. sudhI arthAta naMda samrATa dhananaMde ka24 I. 5. sudhI rAjaya karyuM. kaliMgarAja khAravelanA hAthIguphA lekhamAM jaNAvyuM che ke paMcameM ca dAnI vase naMda-rAja-tivasa-sata-o(ghA)TitaM tanasuriyaarer Torrfka nAnuM sa ca ]ti (uM. 6) arthAta khAravele tanasuliyavATA nahera je naMdarAje traNa varSa pUrve khedAvI hatI, pitAnA [sAmIpya : kaTobara, "87 thI mArca, 1988 120] For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #8
rAjyAbhiSekanA pAMcamA varSamAM rAjadhAnImAM ANI hatI. ahIM titrasata zabda atyaMta mahattvapUNu che, jenA vaDe ApaNe khAravelA samaya nizcita karI zakIe. AneA anuvAda jo 103 varSI karavAmAM Ave teA naMda(- dhanana')nA samaya I. pU. 324 mAMthI 103 varSa bAda karatAM 'khAravelane samaya I. pU. 221 rahe che. jyAre (A samaye) azAkanuM magadhamAM rAjya hatuM, tethI A atha asaMbhava lAge che. Ane 300 varSoM mAnavAmAM Ave, teA 324-300 eTale ke 24 Avaze. I. pU 24 mAM khAravela vidyamAna hatA. Aja samaya zAtaNune che, ane A ja hAthIguphAnA lekhanI AThamI paMktimAM yavanarAja krimita samaya che. zAtanA samaya pazu Aja rIOM nizcita karI zakAya che. purANuanusAra simukha kaNDanareza suzarmAMNu(I. pU. 40 thI 30)nA samakAlIna hatA. simukhe I pU. 40 thI I. pU. 30 sudhI rAjya karyu. simukha pachI kRSNe I. pU. 30 thI 27 sudhI rAjya karyu ane te pachI zAtakaNi 1 lAe I. pU 27 thI 37 sudhI rAjya karyuM". A jJAtakaNita dakSigrApathapati zAtakaNi` kahyo che. A rIte e spaSTa thAya che ke abhilekhavidyA vinA prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsanA kALakrama nakkI karI zakAya tema nathI, ta prAcIna bhAratamAM dhArmi ka sahiSNutA aMgenAM udAharaNo paNa aneka abhilekhemAMthI upalabdha thAya che. esanagara garuDa staMbhalekhamAM jaNAvyA anusAra yavana rAjA aMtilikananA rAjadUta heliyedAra zuM. nareza bhAgabhadra(bhAgavata bhadraka)nA darabAramAM AvyA hatA. bhAratanA vaiSNuva dharmothI te eTale prabhAvita thayA ke teNe svaya... vaiSNava dha svIkAra karyAM ane esanagaramAM ja garuDastaMbha sthApita karyAM, je Aje paNa meAjUda che. A lekhamAM heliyeAdora potAne bhAgavata tarIke varNave che. itihAsanA keTalAMka tathyo Azika rUpamAM sAhityamAMthI maLI rahe che, paNa tenI saMpU mAhitI tA abhilekhAmAMthI ja maLe che. dA. ta. kAlidAsanA 'mAlavikAgnimitra' nATakamAMthI puSyamitra zuMgA yavanavijaya ApaNe jANIe chIe, paNa mahArAjA dhanadevanA ayodhyAmAMnA zilAlekha uparathI jaNAya che ke puSyamitre yuvAne harAvI, e azvamedha yaneA karyAM hatA. je samudraguptanI prayAga prazastine rAjAonA itihAsamAMthI judI kADhI nAkhavAmAM Ave, te guptava`zanA itihAsamAM samudraguptanA nAma sivAya kaMI bAkI rahe nahIM. ska MdaguptanA bhitarI zilAlekha dvArA NenA AkramaNu vize mAhitI maLe che, maMsAramAMnA yazeAdharmAMnA zilAlekhathI tatkAlIna rAjanaitika itihAsa jANavA maLe che. maMsAranA A staMbhalekha na hota to, ATalA moTA vijaya aMge ApaNe sau ajJAta ja raheta. A ja pramANe dilhInA caMdraguptanA meharaullI leAhasta bhalekha A rAjAnA vijayanI yazeAgAthArUpe che. rAjanaitika itihAsanI sAthe sAthe abhilekhA dvArA sAMskRtika itihAsa aMgenI sAmagrI pazu vipula pramANamAM prApta thAya che. dA. ta. kumAragupta avarmAMnA madasAra zilAlekhamAM prazastikAra vatsaTTie ma'dasAra nagaranuM suMdara ane sajIva vana kayu` che. maMdasaura guptakAlamAM eka khUbasUrata nagara hatuM. abhilekhamAM AvatAM varSoMna uparathI tyAMnA bAga-bagIcA, saritA taTa ane bhavavinyAsanI mAhitI maLe che. prazastikAranuM citraNu bahu ja hRdayaspazI che. vicitratIrAnta - jalAni bhAnti praphullapadmAbharaNAni yatra / sarAMsi kAraNDavasaMkulAni // 7 vilolavIcicalitAravindapatadrajaH pijjaritaizva haMse / 8 A tyAMnA bhavA mATe kavi lakhe che : prAsAdamAlAbhiralaMkRtAni dharAM vidAyyaiva samutthitAni / vimAnamAlA sadRzAni yatra gRhANi pUrNendukarAmalAni / / 12 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir sAmIpTa : kaTobara, '87thI mArcI, 1988] For Private and Personal Use Only 121

Page #9
prazastikAre lATa viSayathI rezamI kApaDanA vaNakaronuM dazapuramAM AvI rahevuM tathA tyAM pote karelA vyApArano paNa ullekha karyo che. dazapuranI suMdara yuvatIonuM varNana karatAM te lakhe che ke, nArIjana: priyamupaiti na tAvadagya yAvanta paTTamayavastra[ya]gAni dhatte // 2. B ghaNu badhA zilAlekhamAM gavarnara jevA uccatama ke uparI padAdhikArIonAM guNa tathA kartavyanuM paNuM varNana che, jethI te samayanA adhikArIonI regyatA jANI zakAya che. dA. ta. skaMdaguptane jUnAgaDhane zilAlekha. AnRNyabhAvopagatAntarAtmA sarvasya lokasya hite pravRttaH / / 9 nyAyAjane[s * ]rthasya ca kaH samarthaH syAdarjitasyApyatha rakSaNe ca gopAyitasyApi [ca] vRddhihetau vRddhasya pAtrapratipAdanAya / / 10 itihAsa tapAsatAM jaNAya che ke saurASTramAM pANInI samasyA haMmezanI che. rudradAmAM ane &yaptanI giranAra prazastiomAM zAsana taraphathI karavAmAM AvelI siMcAI yojanAnuM vivaraNa maLe che. rudradAmAnI prazasti pramANe mIya samrATa caMdragupta maurya(cothI sadI I. pU.)nA zAsanakALa daramyAna vaizya puSyagupta nAmanA rASTrike sudarzana nAmanuM taLAva girinagaramAM karAvyuM tathA azokanA samayamAM yavanarAja tuSAphe te taDAgamAMthI nahera kaDhAvI hatI. A sudarzana taLAva I. pU. jethI sadImAM banyuM tathA I. sa. nI bIjI sadI sudhI rahyuM. rudradAmAnA rAjakALamAM mArgazIrSa mahinAmAM bhAre varasAdane lIdhe te tUTayuM. suvarNasikatA ane palAzinI nadIo purajozathI varSavA lAgI ane AkhuMya nagara : thayuM. rudradAmAe pitAnA koSamAMthI apAra dhana khacIne tenuM punanirmANa karAvyuM. A pachI sudarzana taDAga traNa varSa sudhI siMcAI mATe paryApta rahyuM. vaLI pAchuM skaMdaguptanA rAjayakALamAM unALAnA divasomAM bhAre varSo thatAM sudarzana taDAga pAchuM tUTyuM ane pAMcamI sadImAM skaMdagupta tenuM pharI nirmANa karAvyuM. A pachI sudarzana taDAga kayAre tUTayuM ane zuM thayuM teno kaI ulekha maLatuM nathI. je sudarzana taDAga ane naherono ullekha rudradAmAM ane skaMdaguptanA zilAlekhamAM prApta na thayo hota, to prAcIna bhAratIya ijanerAnA ATalA moTA pradAnanI bAbatamAM ApaNe ajJAta ja rahyA hatA. A zilAlekhethI ja ApaNane prAcIna bhAratanA sivila ijaneronI pratibhAne khyAla Ave che. e te Azcarya che ke Aje ApaNe Adhunika vaijJAnika yuganI prazaMsA karatAM thAkatA nathI, chatAM AjanA ijaneronA banAvelA Dema te trIsa varSa jevA TUMkA gALA sudhI paNa kAma ApatA nathI, jyAre prAcIna bhAratIya sivila Ijanere dvArA banAvelA "taDAga" lagabhaga 1000 varSa sudhI kAma ApatA hatA. je abhilekhamAM Avo ullekha na hota, te bhAratanI ATalI moTI upalabdhi viSe ApaNe kAMI paNa jANI zakata nahIM. abhilekhavidhA ApaNane dhArmika itihAsa jANavAmAM paNa madadagAra bane che. azokanA cothA zilAlekha uparathI, te samayanA samAjanuM vikRta rU5 ane temAM sudhArA karavA samrATo dvArA thayelA prayatnone khyAla Ave che. samAjamAM vizeSa karIne strIomAM dhArmika bhAvanA tathA temanAmAM anuzAsana lAgavA mATenA prayatnonuM varNana azokanA pAMcamA ane navamA zailalekhamAM che. azokanI dharmanirapekSatA tathA badhA dharmone Adara karavo vagere vize mAhitI ApaNane agiyAra ane bAramA zailalekhamAM maLI Ave che. keTalAka vidvAnoe azokane vyaktigata dharma bauddhadhama mAnya nathI, paraMtu vairATa ma) zilAlekhathI spaSTa rIte jaNAya che ke te bauddha hato ane teNe potAnA zilAlekhamAM gautama buddhanA dharmopadezAnuM ja pratipAdana karyuM che. dA. tanIcenI paMkti dhyAnathI joI e. 122] [sAmIpya : kabara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #10
e kecimate bhagavatA budhena bhAsite se vase subhAsite vA / ATalu` ja nahI, azeke potAnA samayamAM maLatA bauddha graMthAtA pazu ullekha karyAM che. (prathama upadeza mRgadAvamAM ApelA.) (AryAMnA caritranA niyameA) vinaya samukasa (vinaya samutkarSa ) aliyavasANi (Arya'vAsA) anAgatamayAni (anAgatamayAni ) (aMttaranikAya mAM viSNu ta bhaviSyanI samasyAo) (suttanipAta nA aMza) (aMguttara niAya ne aza) ( sUtranipAta) sAriputrasUtra rAhulane Apela upadeza munigAthA (munigAthA) meneyasuta (meneyasUtram) upatisapana ( upatiSya prazna ) lAghulAvAda ( rAhulovAda ) mUttAvAra (munAyAra) 18 peAtAnA dharmAMnI bAbatamAM temanu spaSTa kathana che ke yaM mA saMdhe sarjAyate vADha 2 me pate / mauryAM pachI uttara zuMgakAlanA zilAlekhe jotAM jaNAya che ke I. pU. khIjA saikAmAM uttara bhAratamAM vaiSNava dharmAMtA prabhAva hatA. dheAsu`DInA zilAlekhe mAM sa'kalhaNu vAsudevanI pujA, zikSAprAkAra tathA nArAyaNa-vATikA AdinuM vana Ave che. te zilAlekha uparathI jaNAya che ke I. pU. mIjI sadI sudhI devI-devatAonA maMdirA banAvavAnuM pracalana hatuM nahIM, ekamAtra cabUtarA upara deva pratimA sthApavAmAM AvatI ane tenI AsapAsa suMdara bAga-bagIcAo karavAmAM AvatA upara joyuM tema yunAnI rAjadUta heliyeAdAra vaiSNuva dhathI eTale prabhAvita thayA ke teNe potAnA yunAnI dhama tyajI vaiSNava dharmAMnA svIkAra karyAM, maukharivaMzanA baDavA yUpa lekha uparathI jaNAya che ke cUpa sthApita karavA tathA hajAre gAyAne dAnamAM ApavAnI prathA sAthe sAthe pracalita hatI. vaidikadhamanI A prathAne ullekha tA vAruNa dvIpa (khAniyA)mAM paNa mahArAjA mUlavA~nA zilAlekha uparathI pramANita thAya che. A uparathI kahI zakAya ke bhAratanI sImA pAra karIne pracAra mATe mAtra khauddha dharmAM ja gayeA na hatA, paNa vaidika dharmonuyAyI paNa sudUra dezA sudhI pracAra mATe gayA hatA. prAyaH badhA abhilekhenA AMrabhamAM rAjAnA ArAdhya devanI prAnA hoya che, jenAthI rAjAnA vyaktigata dharmanuM jJAna thaI zake che. ddA. ta. gupta rAjA paramabhaTTAraka teA kahevAtA ja hatA, paraMtu skaMdaguptanA jUnAgaDha zilAlekhamAM viSNu tathA lakSmInI upAsanA paNa karavAmAM AvI che. ska MdaguptanA bhitarI sta MbhalekhamAM kumAraguptane paramabhAgavata kahyo che. guptA pachI yazeAdhamAM AdinA zilAlekhamAM zivanI upAsanA che. kAnyakubjezvara mahArAjAdhirAja gAvi cadradeva gaDaDavAlane gajapati, narapati, rAjatrapAdhipatinI sAthe paramamAhezvara paNa kahevAmAM AvyA che. A ja rIte cAhamAna nareza vigraharAja 4 thAnA zilAlekhAmAM tene zivanA upAsaka batAvAyA che. abhilekho parathI jaNAya che ke caitramatanI sAthe vaiSNutramata paNa pracalita rahyo hateA udAharaNa tarIke bheja pratihAranA gvAliyara lekha 'om name vive'thI zarU thAya che. ziva tathA viSNunI sAthe sUrya'nI upAsanA paNa pracalita hatI. jemake harSoMnA bAMsakheDA abhilekhamAM mahArAjA AdityavarSAMte paramAdityabhakta kahyo che. abhilekhA parathI guptakALa pachI vizeSataH uttara tathA pazcima bhAratamAM thayelI sAmAjika unnati-avanatinA khyAla Ave che. itihAsanuM nirIkSaNa karatAM jaNAya che ke kaniSka pachI bauddha dha videzI zAsakAnA dhama' thaI paDavo, jemane bhAratanI saMskRti pratye koI mamatva na hatuM. I. sa. nI khIjI sadInA aMta sudhI nAgA, bhAraziva tathA vAkATakoe vaizvika punarutthAnaneA pAcA nAMkhyA. sAmIpya : kaTAkhara, '87 thI mArca, 1988] [123 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #11
vArANasImAM gaMgA taTe mahArAjA bhavanAge daza azvamedha yajJa karI, vaidika paraMparAone punarjIvita karI. gatoe vaidika paraMparAnI abhivRddhi te karI, paraMtu harSavardhanane lIdhe bauddhoe pharIthI pAchA bhAratamAM paga jamAvyo. pariNAme dezamAMthI vIratA, dhIratA tathA deza mATe balidAna ApavAnI bhAvanA jatI rahI. ane jyAre siMdhavijaya pachI arabasenAe moTAbhAgane uttara dakSiNa bhArata khuMdI vaLI tyAre pharI ekavAra vaidika paraMparAonuM punarutthAna thayuM ane pratihAra tathA cAlukaya samrATonI tIka talavAronA bhArathI arabane bhArata vijayanI lAlasA choDavI paDI. A ja samayamAM jagadaguru zaMkarAcAryuM karI vaidika saMskAronuM praNidhAna kayu". aneka brAhmaNe vaidika paraMparAonA pracAra mATe pitapotAnA pradeza choDI dUra-dUra jaI caDavyA, ane tyAM vaidika dharmano pracAra karatAM karatAM tyAM ja vasyA. A rItanA AvAgamananuM pramANa ApaNane abhilekhomAMthI ja maLe che. uttara bhAratamAMthI ja nahIM, paNa gujarAtamAM paNa A bAbatanA aneka abhilekha prApta thayA che, jemAM vidyA tathA vaidika karmakAMDanA pracAra mATe uttara bhAratathI gujarAta AvelA vidvAna brAhmaNoe vedika paraMparAone punaHjIvita karI. abhilekhomAM brAhmae pota-potAnA gotra pravara, zAkhA, prazAkhA ItyAdino sagarva ullekha karyo che. A brAhmaNe jyAM gayA, tyAM potAnI paraMparAo sAthe letA gayA ane tyAM ja sthAyI thayA. gujarAtamAM vasatA audIcya brAhmaNe ahIM vaidika saMskRtinA pracAra mATe ja uttara bhAratamAMthI AvyA hatA. jevI rIte brAhmaNoe pitAne vaziSTha, gautama, kazyapa, bharadvAja jevA RSionAM saMtAne batAvyAM ane prAcIna garakala praNAlInI jema vighAyayana Adarya" tema kSatriyoe paNa pitAne prAcIna sUryavaMzI kSatriyonA vaMzaja tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM garva anubhavyo. Ama lagabhaga AThamI zatAbdImAMnA A punarutthAnanI jANa mAtra abhilekho uparathI thAya che. ahIM yAda rAkhavuM joIe ke A samayanA prAraMbhika abhilekhamAM brAhmaNonA gatra pravarane ullekha nathI. dA. ta. raNugrahanA kalacuri saMvata 391(I. sa. 641)nA saMkheDA dAnazAsanamAM AdityazarmA nAmanA brAhmaNane ApelA dAnano ullekha che, paraMtu brAhmaNanA gotra-pravarano ullekha nathI. A ja pramANe dada prazAtarAmanA kheDA dAnazAsana(ka. saM. 385-I. sa. 634)mAM athavavedI brAhmaNane arezvara viSayamAM sthita zirISa5draka gAmamAM bhUmidAna ApyAno ullekha che, paraMtu brAhmaNanA gotra pravara AdinI carcA nathI. vaikaTaka nareza dahananA kalayuri saMvata 207(I. sa. 457)nA pAraDI dAnazAsana tathA jayabhaTTa 4 thA(ka saM. 486 I. sa736)nA kAvI dAnazAsanamAM brAhmaNanA gotra Adino ullekha paraMtu sAtamI zatAbdI pachInA lekhamAM bhAradvAja, pArAzara, zADiya, bhArgava, vatsa, kauzika, kauDinya kazyapa, gAyuM, sunaka, kautsa, gAlava, kauzavasa, prAvAyANa, kauDavya, zAkaMrakSi vagere gotrone ullekha Avyo che. lekhamAM varNavelA brahmacArIonI AzvalAyana, karva vagere zAkhAone paNa ullekha che. A zilAlekhamAM gujarAtanA aneka caturvedI brahmacArIone paNa ullekha che. zilAlekhomAM uhilakhita caturvedI brAhmaNo mathurAthI AvyA haze, je kALAMtare ahIM vasyA che. ahIM dhyAna rAkhavuM joIe ke AmAM badhA prAMtanA brAhmaNa hatA, je judA-judA pradezanA nivAsI hatA, avanijanAzraya pulakezI ka. saM. 490(I. sa. 739)nA navasArI tAmrapatramAM vatsagetrIya draviDa brAhmaNa goviMdaLine dAnamAM Apela padraka(pAraDI) nAmanA gAmano ullekha che. A ja rIte zIlAditya 2 jAnA navalakhI dAnapatramAM vatsagotrIya tailaMga brAhmaNa bapasvAmIne morDanaka nAmanuM gAma dAna karyAnA ullekha che. A brAhmaNe vAjasaneyI mAdhyandina zAkhAnA hatA. A rIte abhilekhe uparathI aneka brAhmaNanuM dUra-dUra thI AvavuM ane gujarAtamAM sthAyI thavuM tema ja temanA vedanA adhyayananI jANakArI thAya che. A 124] [sAmIpya : oNkaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #12
pratigrahItAnuM nAma bhaTTa gAma che. tenA sthAna, geAtra, veda ane pitAnI vigata pahelA patarAmAM lupta thaI che. paraMtu A gAma dharasena 2 jAtA zaka varSa 400 nA pahelA dAnazAsanane pratigrahItA bhaTTa gAviMda lAge che. te e dRzapura-viniga Mta, kauzika-sageAtra, chaMdoga-sabrahmacArI ane bhaTTa sara(Izvara)nA putra hAI zake. * dAnazAsananI miti zaka saM. saMvatanuM 534 muM varSa cAlatuM hatuM. mI Ave. * * Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir dAnapatramAM AvatAM sthaLa-nAmeAmAM dharAya viSayanuM vaDu mathaka gharAya e surata jillAnA kAmareja tAlukAnA dhalA gAma sAthe baMdha ese che.4 dAnamAM ApeluM gAma vikilisa mAMgareLa tAlukAnA vAlesA gAma sAthe baMdha ese che.5 delludra ane jIrUkI anukrame kAmareja tAlukAnu delAda ane jayAra hovAnuM jaNAya che. pUrva sImAe AveluM gAma barAbara vaMcAtuM nathI. sa Mbhavata tatharade ke rakharo hoya te| e ja tAlukAnA TIbA sAthe aMzataH baMdha bese, mAMgareALa tAlukAmAM kIma nadInA kAMThe veLAchAM gAma AveluM che. tyAMthI nAnA vAkaLa nIkaLIte kAma nadIne maLatA hoya ane te ahIM tairASTa nadI tarIke jaNAvela hAya.8 400 nA bhAdrapada mAsanI vada chanI che. e samaye kArttikAdi vikrama A divase aMgrejI tArIkha I. sa. 478 nA sapTembara mAsanI 5 A rAjAnAM 16 dAnazAsana valabhI saMvata 25ra(I. sa. 571) thI 270(I. sa. 189)no maLyAM che, jyAre enuM eka banAvaTI dAnazAsana zaka varSa 400 nI vaizAkha pUrNimAnuM prApta thayu che. dharasena 2 jAnAM 16 dAnazAsAmAM bhUmidyAnane vize traNa zlAka (vaSTi vaMsannALi.; pUrvavattA Tvigatimpe ane dumirthyasudhA mustA.) ApelA che, jyAre enAM zaka varSa 400 nAM kharlR dAnazAsanAmAM STi, yAnIa jJAni ane vattA vavattAM vA.e traNa zlAka ApavAmAM AvyA che. A rAjAnAM valabhI seM. 252-270 sudhInAM badhAM dAnazAsanAmAM lekhaka tarIke saMdhivigrahAdhikRta skaMdabhaTanu nAma Ave che, jyAre zaka saMvatanI mitinA eziyATika sAsAyaTI phra khammevALA dAnazAsanamAM ane prastuta jJAnazAsanamAM saMdhivigrahAdhikRta revanuM nAma Ave che. ahIM tene 'nArAyaNusUta' kahyo che, jyAre e. sA. khau, dAnazAsanamAM tene saMdhivigrahAdhikRta mAdhavasuta kahyo che. saMdhivigrahAdhikaraNAdhikRta tarIke revanu' nAma gurjara rAjA 46 2 jAnA kAvI tAprazAsana.(ka. saM. 380-I. sa. 629 ane 3. saM. 385-I. sa. 634) te enA saMkheDA tAmrazAsana11(ka. saM. 392-I.sa. 642)mAM temaja ka. saM. 399(I. sa. 648)nAM tAmrapatrAmAM Ave che, A tAmrapatromAM enA pitAnA nAmane| ullekha nathI, jyAre da6 2 jAnAM khaNumarA tAmrapatra 3(zaka va415-I. sa. 493)mAM sa`dhivigrahAdhikRta tarIke revAdityanuM nAma Ave che. emAM ene 'dAmeAdarasuta' kahyo che, jyAre ph 2 jAnAM pralAva tAmrapatrA4(zaka varSa 417-I. sa. 45)mAM sa`dhivigrahAdhikRta tarIke 'reva' che ane ene 'mAdhava-suta' kahyo che. da6 2 jAnAM umeTA tAmrapatrA15 (zaka varSa 400-I. sa. 478)mAM saMSivigrahAdhikRta 'gilakasuta mAdhava bhaTTa' che. Ama, dharasena 2 jAnAM zaka saMvatavALAM te dAnazAsanAmAM temaja da6 2 jAtAM e banAvaTI dAnazAsanAmAM e rAjazAsaneAnA lekhaka tarIke saMdhivigrahAdhikRta revanuM nAma Ave che. zuM A Akasmika haze ? alabatta e paikI dharasenanA pahelA banAvaTI dAnazAsana(zake varSAM 400)nAM ane nA trIjA banAvaTI dAnazAsana(zaka varSa 4 17)nAM revane mAdhavasaMta kahyo che, jyAre dharasenanA A dAnazAsana(zaka varSa 400)mAM sAmIpya : kaTekhara, '87thI mArca, 1988] [129 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #13
A samaye nAma ATaluM kapriya che te A guNa revane nArAyaNa-suta ane dadanA bIjA banAvaTI dAnazAsana(zaka varSa 415)mAM dAmodara-sata kahyo che. zuM A samaye reva" nAma ATaluM kapriya haze ne A traNa reva bhinna bhinna haze ? ke A badhI vigata kapolakalpita haze ne dareka dAnazAsanamAM lekhakanuM ane enA pitAnuM nAma phAve tema ka9pI kaDhAyuM haze? dharasena 2 jAnAM va saM. 252 thI 270 nAM 16 dAnazAsanamAM dUtakanuM nAma ApeluM che, jyAre enAM za. saM. 400 nAM baMne dAnazAsanamAM nathI dUtakanuM nAma ApeluM ke nathI e svamukhAjhA hovAne ya ullekha karelo. rAjAnA svahastamAM zAka varSa 400 nAM baMne dAnazAsanamAM rAjAnuM nAma "zrI dharasenadeva' jaNAvyuM che paraMtu tenI pahelAM koI rAjabiruda ApeluM nathI. zrI maNibhAI trivedInA jaNAvyA mujaba zrI cakravatIe A dAnazAsanano abhyAsa karatAM e banAvaTI hovAnuM dhAryuM che, paraMtu zrI maNibhAI e enAM koI kAraNa darzAvyAM nathI. A lekhanA pahelA lekhake 'purAtana dakSiNa gujarAtamAM prakAzita thayelA phoTogrAphanA AdhAre lekhane pATha tAravI A matanuM samarthana karyuM hatuM, mukhyatve zaka varSa 400 nI miti, lekhaka tarIke revanuM nAma ane rAjAnA svahastamAM umerAyelA "deva" nAmAntanA AdhAre. maitraka vaMzanA rAjA dharasena 2 jAnAM 16 dAnasana valabhI saMvata 252 thI 270 nI miti dharAve che, ne e mitio I. sa. 571 thI 589 nI che. A rAjAnuM eka dAnazAsana zaka varSa 400 nI vaizAkha pauNamAsInuM maLyuM che. enuM prAptisthAna noMdhAyuM nathI, paraMtu e eziyATika sosAyaTI oNpha baeNenA saMgrahamAM raheluM che. enAM baMne patarAM upalabdha che te che. nyUlare ene saMpAdita karyuM che. vaMzAvaLI, nAmAnta, rAjamudrA, amuka zabdaprayoga, rAka varSa 400 nI miti, lekhakanuM nAma ityAdi aneka asaMgationA AdhAre saMpAdake e dAnazAsanane banAvaTI TharAvyuM che.17 prastuta dAnazAsananuM mAtra bIja patara upalabdha che. AthI enA pahelA patarAmAMnI asaMgatie jANavA maLI nathI. paraMtu bIjA patarAmAMnuM lakhANa dharasena 2 jAnA prakAzita banAvaTI dAnazAsananA lakhANu sAthe ghaNuM sAmya dharAve che. A dAnazAsana paNa zaka varSa 400 nuM hovAnuM jaNuvAyuM che. valabhInA maitrakonAM dAnazAsanamAM haMmezAM valabhI saMvata ja prayojAyo che, zaka saMvata mAtra A rAjAnA prakAzita banAvaTI dAnazA sanamAM ja prayojAyele. vaLI rAjAnAM dAnazAsana I. sa. pa71-589 nAM maLyAM che, jyAre zaka saMvata 400 nI mitio te I. sa. 478 mAM paDe che. A samaye te valabhImAM maitraka vaMzanA sthApaka senApati bhaTAka rAjya karatA hatA, jyAre dharasena 2 je te e vaMzamAM cothI peDhIe thayele sAtamo rAjA che. AthI za. sa. 400 mAM e rAjya karato hoya e leza mAtra saMbhavita nathI. banAvaTa karanAre zaka saM. 400 ne badale za. saM. 500 nuM varSa ApyuM hota, te baMdha besata. vaLI dAnazAsananI miti maitrakanAM dAnazAsanamAM lekhane aMte apAtI ne emAM varSa tathA tithinI saMkhyA aMkamAM ApavAmAM AvatI, jyAre dharasenanAM zaka saM. 400 nAM baMne dAnazAsanamAM miti lekhanA mukhya bhAganI aMdara ApI che ne emAM varSa tathA tithinI saMkhyA paNa zabdomAM ApelI che. dakSiNa gujarAtamAM A prathA anumaitrakakAlIna rASTrakUTa rAjAonAM dAnazAsanamAM prajAI che. dharasena 2 janAM dAnazAsana(va. saM. 25-270) aMdabhaTa nAme saMdhivigrahAdhikRta lakhelA che. jyAre enAM zaka varSa 400 nAM baMne dAnazAsana reva nAme saMdhivigrahAdhikate lakhelAM hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. gurjara vaMzanA da6 2 jAnAM zaka varSa 415 ane 417 nAM dAnazAsanomAM paNa lekhaka tarIka revanuM nAma Ave che. A paikInAM traNa dAnazAsana banAvaTI hovAnuM mAluma paDayuM che. upara 130] [sAmIpya : ekabara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #14
nAMkhyA mujaba A revanA pitAnuM nAma paNa bhinna-bhinna che. zaka saMvatavALAM A badhAM banAvaTI dAnazAsane lakhanAre revanuM nAma gurjara vaMzanA rAjA da6 2 jAnAM pramANita dAnazAsanamAM ApelI vigatamAMthI lIdhuM lAge che ka. sa. 380, 385 ane 382(I. sa629, 634 ane 642)nAM e dAnazAsanemAM revane saMdhivigrahAdhikRta kahyo che, paNa enA pitAnuM nAma jaNAvyuM nathI. A rAjAnAM zaka varSa 400 nAM baMne dAnazAsanamAM rAjAnA svahasta "zrI dharasenadeva'nA nAme ApelA che, jyAre enA valabhI saMvatavALA 16 dAnazAsanamAM e "mahArAja zrI dharasena' nuM nAma dharAve che. maitraka vaMzanA dAnazAsanomAM rAjAnA nAmanA aMte "deva" zabdano umero dharasena 2 jAnA AThamA uttarAdhikArI zalAditya 3 jA(laga I. sa. 960-685) nA samayathI zarU thayo che. dakSiNu gujarAtanA rAjamAM maitrakakAlanA gujara rAjyanAM dAnazAsanamAM ya rAjAnA nAmamAM "deva" nAmAnta dekhA deto nathI, jyAre anumaitrakakAlIna rASTra rAjyanAM dAnazAsanamAM rAjAnA nAmanA aMte "deva" zabda hamezAM dekhA de che. A traNeya muddAo parathI prastuta dAnazAsana dharasena 2 jAnA zaka varSa 400 nA pahelA dAnazAsananI jema tathA nAMdIpurInA gurjara rAjA da6 2 jAnAM zaka varSa 400-417 nAM dAnazAsanonI jema banAvaTI hovAnuM sArI rIte spaSTa thAya che. upara jaNAvelA traNa muddAo uparAMta bIjA keTalAka muddA paNa A anumA ane samarthana Ape che. prastuta dAnazAsananuM paheluM pataru' maLyuM hota, to dharasena 2 jAnA zaka saM. 400 nA pahelA dAnazAsananI jema emAM paNa vaMzAvaLInI garabaDa jovA maLI hota. saMbodhita adhikArIonA hoddAo paNa maitraka rAjapane badale rASTra rAjyane anulakSIne apAyA hatA. vaLI pratigrahItAnA sthAna, gotra, veda ane pitAnI evI vigata paNa maLI hata. A tAmrapatra sAthe rAjamudrAnI chApa maLI hota, to temAM paNa evI ja asaMgati jovA maLata. dharasena 2 jAnAM za. saM. 400 nAM baMne dAnazAsanomAM temaja da6 2 jAnAM za, saM. 400417nAM traNeya dAnazAsanamAM pratigrahItAnA nAmamAM catuthIne pratyaya umero rahI zake che. dAnazAsanamAM mukhya hakIkata 5chI AvatA aneka zabda prayoga paNa rASTrakUTa dAnazAsananA anukaranI cADI khAya che, jema ke ratudAdAvizuddha, putra pautrAvAtrAmethika, sAmyatafsaddhayA, bindu (vidyu?)llolAnyanityAnyaizvaryANi tRNAgralagnajalabinducaJcalaM ca jIvitamAkalayya svadAyanivizeSaH, zrAjJAnatimirAta-tirAgivAta ityAdi. vaLI, vyAsanA zlokamAM paNa pUrvattA brigati cAtRkSa gdhaSThira ! ne badale havavatta jarA yA janAkSa narAdhi ! evo pATha paNa rASTrakUTonAM dAnazAsanamAM prayojAyo che. AmAMnA keTalAka zabdaprayoga maitrakakAlIna gujaronAM dAnazA sanamAM paNa prayojAtA, paraMtu bIjA keTalAka zabdaprayoga temaja danane lagatA mukhya lakhANanI aMdara saMvatamAM apAtI miti kevaLa rASTronAM dAnazAsanamAM ja Apela che. prastuta dAnazAsananA akSaronA maroDAne maitrake, gurjara ane rASTrakUTonAM dAnazAsananA akSaronI maroDa sAthe sarakhAvatAM mAlUma paDe che ke (1) 7, 1, 2, , 5, 6, 2, 3, 6 ane 4 jevA akSaronA maroDa traNeya rAjavaMzanAM dAnazAsanomAM lagabhaga sarakhA che, (2) , 4, ta ane 4 nA marADa mAtra gujaro ane rASTronAM AraMbhika dAnazAsanamAMnA maraDe sAthe maLatA Ave che, (3) cA, , , ane 4 nA maroDa mAtra rASTrakaTonAM dAnazAsanamAMnA maroDa sAthe sAmya dharAve che ne te paNa rASTrakaTa zAsanamAM pUrvArdhamAM prayojAyela dakSiNI zailInA maroDa sAthe ane (4) sAmIpya : okaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988] [1 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #15
, gha, 2, 3, 4 ane 8 jevA thaDA akSaronA maroDa rASTrakUTa zAsananA uttarArdhamAM prayojAyela uttarI zailInA maroDa sAthe vadhu maLatA Ave che. Ama lipivijJAnanI tulanAtmaka dRSTie tapAsatAM prastuta dAnazAsananI lipi rASTrakuTa vaMzanAM dAnazAsanamAMnI dakSiNI zailInI lipi sAthe sahuthI vadhu sAmya dharAve che. A zailInI lipi dakSiNa gujarAtanA rASTra rAjyamAM kAThamI sadInA aMtima caraNa tathA navamI sadInA prathama caraNa daramyAna pracalita hatI.58 A badhA mudAo lakSamAM letAM valabhInA maitraka rAja dharasena 2 jAne Arepita A dAnazAsananI banAvaTa rASTrakUTa dAnazAsananA AdhAre I. sa. 788-25 daramyAna dakSiNa gujarAtamAM thaI lAge che. dharasena 2 jAne vAstavika rAjyakAlane tyAre be--aDhI saikA vyatIta thaI gayA hatA. alabatta A banAvaTa karanAranI upara dakSiNa gujarAtanAM maitrakakAlIna gurjara dAnazAsananI ya thoDIka asara varatAya che, jema ke saMdhivigrahadhikRta revanA nAmamAM tathA dAnazAsananA keTalAka zabdaprayogamAM. game tema, bhadra gemanA vaMzajane lAbha apAvAya te rIte A banAvaTa I. sa. 800 nA arasAmAM basaaDhI varSa para thaI gayelA maitraka rAjA dharasena 2 jAnA nAme thaI hovAnuM spaSTa che. A rAjAne Arepita zaka varSa 400 nAM dAnazAsana parathI mAlUma paDe che ke maitraka vaMzanA rAjAonI sattA prAyaH dharasena 2 jAnA samayamAM nahi, te te pachI zIlAditya 1lAnA samayamAM dakSiNa gujarAtamAM sahya pradezamAM AvelA kansAragrAma viSaya tathA dharAya viSaya para prasarI hovI joIe. dharasena 2 jAnAM be ane da6 2 jAtAM traNa banAvaTI dAnazAsane tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karatAM e sarvemAM keTalAka zabdaprayoga tathA keTalIka asaMgatio samAna hovAnuM mAluma paDe che, jema ke pratigrahItAnA nAmamAM catuthInA pratyAyano lepa, yatrAjJAtajirAtamati , vattA vAratA vALA lekA ane emAM aMtima zabdamAM saMbodhanane badale prathamAno azuddha prAga. A parathI kAnyakuja, ahicchatra ane dazapura jevAM sthaLAnA amuka brAhmaNonA vaMzajoe rASTrakUTa rAjyakAlanA AraMbhamAM bhUtapUrva maMtraka rAjA dharasena 2 jAnA tathA guja2 rAjA da6 2 jAnA nAme bhUmidAnane lagatAM banAvaTI rAjazAsane taiyAra karAvavAnI pravRtti AdarI lAge che. alabatta emAM atIta rAjavaMzonA dAnazAsananuM anukaraNa karavAmAM ghaNI hoziyArI ajamAvI hovA chatAM emAM svAbhAvika rIte keTalIka evI asaMgatio AvI gaI che ke je abhyAsIo samakSa A banAvaTa chatI karI de che. pAdaTIpa 1. maNibhAI dvivedI, purAtana dakSiNa gujarAta, navasArI, 1940, pR. 194-95 2. tAmrapatranuM mApa, vajana, akSaronuM kada vagere vigate aMgenI mAhitI pUrI pADavA badala ame prA. . mugaTalAla bAvIsI(surata)nA AbhArI chIe. 3. zrI divedIe jaNAvyA mujaba zrI cakravatIe pUrve AvelA gAmanuM nAma Tama, dakSiNe AvelA gAmanuM nAma gIra, pazcime AvelA gAmanuM nAma revadra ane uttare AvelI nadInuM nAma rAjI vaceiluM (purAtana dakSiNa gujarAta, pR. 195). 4. maNibhAI dvivedI, upayuMkta, pR. 195 5. zrI dvivedIe vikilisa mAMDavI tAlukAnuM vIrapura hovAnuM dhAreluM (ejana, pR. 195). 6. ejana, pR. 195 132] [sAmIpya : okaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #16
brAhmaNonAM nAma devasvAmI, dhanapati, mahaha, AkhaNDalamitra, aditizammarNa tathA dattasvAmI jaNAvelA che. A brAhmaNa dazapura(maMdara, madhyapradeza), navagrAma(naugaravA) dvIpa, jaMbusara, kheTaka AhAramAM kAsara grAma u5leTa (upaleTA) vagerenA nivAsI hatA. sAmAjika ItihAsanI sAthe sAthe ApaNane abhilekhamAMthI vyApAra tathA sArthonA mAgenI paNa jANakArI thAya che. vedikakAlathI ja vyApArIvarga vyApAra karavA mATe dUra dUra sudhI jatA. saMskRta prAkRta tathA apabhraMza sAhityamAM A mATenA aneka pramANe maLe che. A sivAya abhilekhe uparathI paNa A bAbatamAM ghaNo prakAza paDe che. mahArAjAdhirAja taramANanA rAjya kALanA trIjA varSane eka zilAlekhamAM vyApArIonA eka saMghe jayasvAmInA maMdiramAM dhUpa, dIpa, naivedyavALA caru vagere tathA maMdiranA samAra kAma mATe ApelA dAnane ullekha che. A lekhamAM aneka vyApArIonAM nAme paNa ApelA che. tathA bahArathI AvanArA yAtrIo ane vyApArIo mATe goLa, mIThuM, kApaDa, anAja vagerenI vyavasthAno paNa ullekha che. ATaluM ja nahIM mAMdA yAtrALuo tathA bIjI rIte asvastha banelI vyaktionI sevA mATe davAnI paNa vyavasthA karAI che. abhilekhAmAM ghaNI zreNIonAM nAma Ave che. emAM akSayanIvijamA karela rakamanA vyAja)mAMthI bhejana vagerenI vyavasthAno ullekha che. dA. ta., haviSkanA mathurA zilAlekhamAM haviSkanA AdhIna kharAlera tathA vakananA zAsake bhUkhyA nidhana tathA yAtrALuonA bhojananI vyavasthA karyAnI mAhitI maLe che. A kAma mATe vakananA zAsake e dALa tathA cekhA ApanArAonI zreNImAM 1000 purANa jamA karyA hatA. A ja rIte abhilekha dvArA ApaNane aneka zreNIono paricaya paNa maLI rahe che ane ethI prAcIna bhAratanI baeNka jevI vyavasthAno paNa khyAla Ave che, jemAM vyApArI ke koI anya vyakti pitAnuM dhana jamA karAve ane tenA nirdhArita vyAjamAMthI prApta thatA dhanamAMthI maMdiro mATe upadIpa, naivedya vagerenI vyavasthA karavAmAM AvatI. prAcInakALamAM judI judI vastuo upara judI judI rIte vyAja gaNavAmAM AvatuM. senA, cAMdI vagere upara vyAjano dara vadhu UMce hato. kAi abhilekhomAM aneka prakAranA khAdyAnnanA ullekho parathI tatkAlIna janajIvana upara paNa prakAza paDe che. haviSkanA mathurA zilAlekhamAM saka(satta)ne ullekha che. satta java, ghauM ane makAI ne zekI tathA daLIne banAvavAmAM Avato. A loTane pANImAM mIThA-maracA athavA khAMDa sAthe ogALIne khAvAmAM Avato. haviSkanA mathurA lekhamAM mIThuM-maracuM tathA harita kalApaka(tAju lIluM zAka) saMbhavataH tuveranI sAthe khAvAne ullekha che. "vaNuMka samuccaya" vagere graMthomAM te AnuM varNana che ja, paNa abhilekhomAM AvA ullekha maLe che, je noMdhanIya che. A rIte prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsanuM jJAna abhilekhavidyA vagara apUrNa che. bhAratanA aneka vizvavidyAlayomAM snAtakottara kakSAomAM A abhilekhavidyAnA adhyayananI vyavasthA che. paraMtu e yAda rAkhavuM joIe ke abhilekhanuM adhyayana karatI veLAe vaNya viSayanuM vizleSaNa jarUra karavuM joIe. ghaNI jagAe prazastikAro potAnA AzrayadAtAnI khATI ke vadhu paDatI prazaMsA karavAnuM cUkatA nathI. paNa je itihAsanI kasoTImAM kharA nathI UtaryA tevA dhaNA abhilekhomAM vijita narezAnA parAjayane ghaNI cAlAkIthI chupAvIne atizayoktipUrNa bATI-TI prazaMsA paNa karAya che. AthI abhilekhonuM varNana sUkSma abhyAsa vagara pUrNataH sAcuM mAnavuM joIe nahIM ane etihAsika pramANothI tenI satyatA zodhavI joie. aneka abhilekhamAM paurANika AkhyAnonI eTalI pracuratA hoya che ke jethI aitihAsika tathya ja lupta thaI jAya che ane vidyAthI bhramamAM rahe che. AvA varNananI satyatA sAmIpya : kaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988] [125 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #17
jANavA mATe purANAnI zailI tathA vaNya viSayanuM vizada adhyayana jarUrI che. jethI vaNya' viSayanI satyatA sudhI paheAMcI zakAya. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir abhilekhAnA adhyayana mATe te samayanI lipinuM jJAna paNa atyaMta jarUrI che. prAcIna abhilekhA brAhmI, kuTila, athavA jUnI devanAgarImAM lakhelA hoya che. paMjAba vagere pradezAnA prAcIna lekhA kharAbdI lipimAM che. vizvavidyAlayemAM haju sudhI lipinA adhyayananI yogya vyavasthA nathI. abhilekhAnI bhASA prAkRta athavA saMskRta hoya che. saMyAganI vAta teA e che ke dhaNA badhA ItihAsavidyAne saMskRta AvaDatuM nathI ane saMskRtanone itihAsanu jJAna nathI hatuM. pariNAma e AvyuM che ke Aje A(abhilekha) zAstranI unnati prAyaH aTakI gaI che. prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsanA vidvAne prAcIna lipi ane bhASAnuM jJAna maLI rahe tevI suvidhA pUrI pADavI joIe. Aje prAcIna lipi sArI rIte ukelI zake tevA gaNyA gAMThayA vidvAne che. A vidyAnA adhyayananI yeAgya vyavasthA nathI. A vidyAnA utkaSa mATe sakriya thaI vizvavidyAlayeAmAM sarakAre yAgya suvidhAo pUrI pADavI joIe, nahIM to dhIre dhIre A vidyA amuka vyakti pUratI sImita thaI jaze ane adhikAMza samAja tenAthI anabhijJa ja raheze. pAdaTIpa 1. H. M. Elliot, History of India, Vol. III, London, 1871, pp. 350 ff; gau hI, golA, mAratIya prAcIna ttivimAnA (mAtrAnti,, vinnI, 2628, 6 27; R B Pandey, Indian Palaeography, Varanasi, 1957, p. 59 2. gau. Dho. bokSA, karyuM hra, 6 28 3. Asiatic Researches (1788), Vol. I, pp. 131 ff; Epigraphia Indica, 160 ff; mAtrAli., pR.28 1890), Bombay, pp. 215 ff. 6. nana, pR. 28-32 7. D. C. Sircar, Select Inscriptions (SI,), Calcutta, 1942, Book I, nos. 6-19 & 24-30 Vol. II (Delhi, reprint), 1970, pp. 4. Indian Antiquary, Vol. XIX (July, 5. mAtrAti., pR. 38 8. Ibid,, nos. 20-21 & 33-33 9. Ibid., Book I, no. 46., Book II, nos. 1, 14, 20, 43, 44, 94 & 104 10. Ibid., Book II, no. 2 11. Ibid., Book II, no. 67; Book III, no. 25 12. Ibid., Book III, no. 9 1.. Ibid,, Book III no. 21 14. lbid., no. 35 15. ga. va. AcAya', (sa:), 'gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekha', bhA. 2 muMbaI, 1935, na. 155, 204 16. ejana, naM. 147 17. ejana, bhA. 1, muMbaI, 1933, lekha 2 thI 5; Journal of Ancient History, Vol. II, Calcutta, 1968-69, pp. 104 ff. 18. D. C. Sircar, op cit, Book I, no. 22 12] [sAmIpsa : oNkaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #18
mitraka rAjI dharasena 2 jAnuM saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela myujhiyama, surata tAmrapatra, zaka saMvata 400 hariprasAda zAstrI * bhAratI zelata + valabhInA bhatraka rAja dharasena 2 jAne nAmanA dAnazAsananuM bIja pataruM vAMsadA rAjyanA eka gAmamAM eka rAnIparaja kheDUtane jamIna kheDatAM upalabdha thayeluM; enuM paheluM pataruM maLyuM nathI. bIjuM pataruM enI pAsethI navasArInA zrI maNibhAI dvivedIne maLeluM. emaNe pachI e pataruM kalakattAnA inDiyana myujhiyamanA zrI cakravatIne mokaleluM. zrI cakravatInA vAcana parathI zrI divedIe patarAmAMnI vigate aMgenI noMdha temaja patarAno phoTogrApha emanA " purAtana dakSiNa gujarAta" pustakamAM rajU karyo che. A pataru vaSothI suratanA saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela myujhiyamamAM rakhAyuM che. lekhakane A tAmrapatrane phoTogrApha ane enuM rabiMga saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela myujhiyama, surata pAsethI maLyAM che. dAnazAsananuM A pataruM vAMcI enuM livyaMtara sAthenuM vivecana patarAnA phoTA sAthe (citra-1) ahIM rajU karavAmAM AvyuM che. dAnazAsananA pheTamApha ane rabiMga pUrAM pADavA badala ame saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela myujhiyama, suratanA AbhArI chIe. De. pra. ci. parIkhe suratanI mulAkAta daramyAna A tAmrapatramAMnA keTalAka saMdigdha zabdo jAte joI teno pATha sUcavyo te mATe temane paNa AbhAra mAnIe chIe. dAnazAsananA A bIjA patarAnuM mApa 26.5 se.mI. x 17 se.mI. che. enA lakhANavALA bhAganuM mApa 25.5 se.mI. x 16.5 se.mI. che patarAnI kinArI cAre bAjuthI upasAvelI che. uparanA bhAgamAM kinArInI nIce kaDI mATe be goLa kANuM che. patarAnuM vajana 950 grAma che. A patarA upara kula 15 paMkti kotarelI che. dareka paMktimAM akSaronI saMkhyA 45 thI 46 nI che. akSaranuM sarerAza kada 1 se.mI. x 0.5 se.mI. che. 2 dAnazAsananuM lakhANa anumaitrakakAlanI pazcimI zailInI brAhmI lipimAM kotareluM che. lekhamAMnA akSaravinyAsanI keTalIka lAkSaNikatAo nIce mujaba che : 5. saMyukta vyaMjarAmAM 6 pachI AvatA vyaMjanane bevaDAvavAnuM vaikalpika valaNaH jema ke pUrvataH (5. 2), deg iva (paM. 4), varga (5. 5), deg fmarma deg (5. 10), imartha (5.12); 2. anasvAranA sthAne keTalIka vAra anunAsikano prayoga, jemake (5. 1); sedra (. 3), 0 mAnadrA 0 (5. 4), viddeg (5 8), * jaya deg (paM. 8), rAjumatA (paM. 12); 2. vAkaya ke paMktinA aMte ma ne badale anusvArano azuddha proga, jema ke (5. 9), jasaM paM. 10), gr (5. 14); * mAnArha adhyApaka, bho.je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda + rIDara, bho che. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda sAmIpya H ekabara, '87thI mArca, 1988]. [127 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #19
4, 6 ane mo pachI avatrahanA cihnA abhAva(paM. 7, 9, 16); zleAkA tathA zlokanA aMte tathA vAkonA aMte virAmacihnanA abhAva (5. 9, 14, 15); 5. lahiyAe lakhANumAM saratacUkathI keTalIka bhUleA karI che, jemake paM. 1 mAM mAya te badale gAma; 5. 2, 3, 5 vageremAM visaga` saMdhinA lepa; 5. 4 vageremAM li MgadoSa, 5. 4, 5 mAM visaganA lApa ane 5. 4, 7, 8, 10, 12-15 mAM bIjI keTalIka prakINu azuddhi. dAnazAsana saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhelu che, purANeAkta zlokA sivAya bAkInA badhA bhAga gadyamAM che. prastuta dAnazAsana bhUmidAnane lagatuM che. dAnazAsananuM prathama pataruM upalabdha nahI hovAthI zAsanasthaLanuM nAma tema ja maitraka vaMza ane dAtAnA purogAmI rAjAonI vaMzAvaLI tathA pratigrahItAnAM sthAna, geAtra, veda ane pitAne lagatI vigatanA bhAga lupta thayA che. bIjA patarA AraMbha tathya sattu maTTa gema e vAkAMzathI thAya che. ghAya bhaTTa gAma e pratigrahItA brAhmaNanuM kAma che. dhaiyadAnamAM ApeluM) gAma viSamAM AveluM vikillama che. A gAmanI pUrve tatharA gAma, dakSiNe jIrUkI gAma, pazcime Dhellavdra gAma ane uttare terAcha nadI AvelAM che (5.1-3). A bhUmi udraMga(janInadAra pAsethI vasUla karAtuM sAmaTuM mahesUla), uparakara(jamIna para mAlikI haka na dharAvatA kheDUtA para nAMkhele kara), dhAnyahiraNyAdeva(dhAnya athavA hiraNyanA rUpamAM levAtu' mahesUla), utpadyamAviSTa(jarUra paDatAM veTha karAvavAnA haka) sahita ApavAmAM AvI che (5.3-4). emAM sava rAjakIyeAne hastakSepa karavAnI manAI hatI. A bhUmidAna caMdra, sUrya, sAgara, pRthvI, nadI, paryaMta Take tyAM sudhInuM arthAt zAzvatakAlIna che. putrapautrAdikane enA bhAgavaTAnA haka hatA (5. 4-5). emAM jaNAveluM dAna zaka saMvata 400 nA bhAdrapadu mAsanI kRSNe saptamIe jala mUkIne apAyeluM che (5. 6). 'brahmadAyanI rUe ene pratigrahItA bhAgave, kheDe, kheDAve ke bIjAne Ape temAM aMtarAya karavA nahI. (5. 6-7). AgAmI rAjAe ate amArA vaMzanA rAjAoe bhUmidAnanu phaLa sAmAnya(sahiyAru) che, aizvaryAM biMdu jevAM anitya ane asthira che te jIvana tRNAzramAM lagna jalabiMdu samAna caMcala che, ema jANI amArA A dAnane anumeAdana ApavuM ane enuM pirapAlana karavuM (paM. 7-9).' tyAra khAda dAna devAthI ane dIdhelA dAnanA paripAlanathI kevuM puNya maLe te ApeluM dAna jhUMTavI levAthI kevuM pApa lAge tene lagatA pAMca leka TAMkavAmAM AvyA che (5. 9-14). dAnazAsananuM lakhANa nArAyaNasuta reve lakhyuM che, 'svamukhAnA' ke 'dUtaka'nA nirdeza nathI. aMtamAM dAna ApanAra rAjA dharasenanA daskata che, jemAM vastA[Da *]ya mama zrIdharalenavevasya lakheluM che. dAtAnI tathA tenA purAgAmIonI prazasti lupta pahelA patarAmAM ApelI hoI A patarAnA lakhANunA AraMbha pratizrRhItAnI vigatathI thAya che. para Mtu dAnazAsananA aMte rAjAnA svahasta (skata) mApelA che, e parathI A bhUmidAnanA dAtA dharasenadeva hAvAnu mAlUma paDe che. eziyATika sAsAyaTI Apha enA zaka varSa 400 nA dAnazAsana parathI A rAjA valabhInA maitraka vaMzanA guhasena-putra dharasena 2 jA heAvAnuM phalita thAya che. 128] [sAmIpya : oNkaTobara, '87thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #20
7. zrI dvivedIne "dama" vAcana maLeluM, tene mATe paNa temaNe hAlanuM A TIMbA gAma sUcaveluM (melana, pR. 145) 8. mena, pR. 145 k. G. Biihler, Valabhi Grants', Indian Antiquary. Vol. X (Oct., 1881), p. 277 10-11 V.V. Mirashi, Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarom, Vol. IV, Part I (Ootacamund, 1955), nos. 16, 17, 19, 20; 1.va. mAyAya, zuzatanA zati bAsima'(ase.), sA.2 bhuma1835 naM 104, 110, 112, 113 12. 2. nA. mahetA ane a, ma, Thakkara, "mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTInAM da6 prazAMtaraNanAM tAmra patrA,' "svAdhyAya", pR. 14(janyu., 1877), pR. 172 thA 13. gumale., mA. 2, naM. 115 14. menana, naM. 18 15. me, na. 114 16. 7.ga. zAstrI, bhai sIna gujarAta', abhAvAra, 1855, pR. 81 17. Indian Antiquary,, Vol X (Oct., 1881), pp. 277 ff. 18. zubhale., mA. 2, naM. 108, 110, 112 mata 113 19. pra. ci. parIkha, "gujarAtamAM brAhmIthI nAgarI sudhIne lipivikAsa," amadAvAda, 1974, pR. 10 [ 4 137tu yAtu] 15. khecaryA mAMsajihvAyA AgalAntapravezanam / mAMsabhuktiriti prAhurmadyapAnaM yayA saha // saMkSiptazaMkaradirivajaya, 16,8 16. gaMgAjamunayomadhye carantaM prANasaMjJitam / matsyaM tatpUraye dantastanmInAdanamucyate / / megana 16, 9 17. guNatrayAdatItaH syAd graMthitrayavibhedakaH / zivazaktisamAyogAjjAyate paramA sthitiH / / yogabIja, 127 18. samaM kAyazirogrIvaM dhArayannacalaM sthiraH / prekSayannAsikAgraM svaM madrAyukta itIyate // saMkSiptazaMkaradigvijaya, 16, 10 sana s2paave| gItA 6,13; haThayogapradIpikA, 3. 6, 7, dheraMDasaMhitA, 3, 1, 3 19. AhArazuddhI sattvazuddhiH sattvavAzuddhau dhruvA smRtiH smRtilaMbhe sarvagranthInAM vipramokSaH // chAndogya upa. 7. 26.2; haThayogapradIpikA, 1. 58, 59; dheraMDasaMhitA; 5, 16-19. 20 yastu sarvANi bhUtAni AtmanyevAnupazyati / sarvabhUteSu cAtmAnaM tato na vijugupsate / / IzopaniSad, 6; bRhadAraNyakopa0 1, 4. 1-7. sAmIpya : 12, '87 thA bhA, 1488] 133] For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #21
pataruM 2 ju pATha 1. stasya su (sU) nu bhaTTa goma' balicarutraizvadevAgnihe / trapaJcamahAyajJAdikriyAsamutsarpaNAtya gharAyaviSayAntaH pAti 2. vikillisagrAmasyAghATanasthAnAni pUrvvataH 2 ta ( Ta ) tha ( ba ) rado grAmaH dakSiNataH 3 jIrUkIgrAmaH pazcima3. ta: 4 dellavvadra grAma : " uta (tta ) rata: : nerAcha nadI evamayaM svacaturAghATanavizuddho grAmaH seAgaH seoparika4. raH sadhAnyahiraNyAdeyaM (yaH) sertpadyamAnaviSTika [:] samasta rAjakIya (yA) nAmapravezyamA candrAkarNa kSitisaritparvatasamakAlIna (naH) putrapau - 5. jJAnvayakramApabhAgya (yaH) pUrvaprattadeva brahmadAyavarjjamabhyantarasiddhayA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zakanRpakAlAtIta saMvaccha (rasa) ra zata catuSTaye bhA 6. drapadabahulasaptamyAM udakAtisargeNa pratipAditaM yateAsyAcitayA brahmadAyasthityA kRSataH karSayatA bhuJjato 7. bhojayataH pratidizato vA na 1. vAM sUnave bhaTTagAmAya 2. va 5. pAMca grAma. 9. va 134] vyAsedha: ( dhe) pravartitavya [ + ] tathA [ss * ]gAmibhirapi nRpatibhirasmadvaMzyairanyairvA sAmAnya (yaM) bhUmidAna - 8. phalamavetya bindU (du) lAlAnyanityAnyaizvaryANi tRNAgralagnajala binducaJcalaNca ( saM ca ) jIvitamAkalayya svadA nirvizeSo [s] yamasma 9.dAya [s * ]numantavyaH pAlayitavyaca [1 * ] tathA coktaM [1 * ] bahubhirvasudhA bhuktA rAjabhiH sagarAdibhiH [1 * yasya yasya yadA bhUmistasya ta - 10. sya tadA phalaM (lam ) [ 11 * ] yazrAjJAnatimirAvRtamatirAcchidyAdAcchidyamAnamanumodetA (ta) vA sa paJcabhirmahApAtakairupapAtakai 11. saMyuktaH syAditi [ 1 * ] uktaM ca bhagavatA vedavyAsena vyAsena [1 * ] SaSTiM varSasahasrANi svarge tiSThati bhUmi 12. da: [] * ] AcchettA cAnumantA ca tAnyeva narake vaset [11] yAnIha dattAni purAtanAni dAnAni dharmmArtha yazaska 13. rANi [1] nirbhuktamAlyapratimAni tAni ko nAma sAdhuH punarAdadIta []1 * ] svadattAM paradattAM vA yatnAdrakSa na 14. rAdhipaH 10 [[* ] mahIM mahImatAM zreSTha dAnAcchU yAnupAlana [11] likhitamidaM saMdhivigrahAdhikRtena reveNa 15. nAra ( rA ) yaNasutena [1] svahastA [s] yaM mama zrIdharasena devasya - [ 1 * ] pAdaTIpa pUrvvatasta 6. vo uttarato. 7 vaaNthe| pratipAdita : 10 vAM narAdhipa 11. 3. vo dakSiNato. 4. va pazcimato. ma pravezya A. 0 8. vo saptamyAmudakAM vAyo * pAlanam. [ sAmIpya : moTora, 187 thI bhArya, 1888 For Private and Personal Use Only 0

Page #22
AryasaMskRti ane paMca-makArI jayadeva a, jAnI, * AryasaMskRti jagatanI prAcInatama jIvaMta saMskRti che. AryasaMskRtinA veda, vedAMta, dharmazAstra jevA sAhityamAM daSTipAta karatAM jaNAya che ke Arya saMskRti kALakrame rASTriya, sAmAjika ane vaiyaktika dhArAdhoraNe pazatAmAMthI mAnavatA ane mAnavatAmAMthI divyatA tarapha vyaktine laI javAnA prayAsa ApaNA prAcIna RSimunioe aviratapaNe karyA che. sRSTi, sRSTine mAnava, mAnavanuM mana, mananAM kAryo ane tenuM niyamana ane te niyamana dvArA thatI ucca avasthAonuM AryagraMthamAM sarvatagrAhI vivecana jovA maLe che. prAcIna samayathI suSTinA kramathI saMpUrNa jJAta RSiono abhigama mAnavalakSI rahyo che. mAnavanI zArIrika, mAnasika ane AdhyAtmika vikAsayAtrAmAM RSionuM apUrva yogadAna che. temAM rahelI prakatitavanI upAsanA, upaniSadonI tAtvika vicAradhArA, purANe mAM varNita itihAsa vageremAM eka anokhI paNa anupama zailInA darzana thAya che. paMca AkAranuM sevana Aje paNa keTalAka saMpradAyamAM jovA maLe che. paMca makAra eTale madhasurA, mAMsa, matsya, mithuna ane mudrA' Ama paMca makAra eTale ma akSarathI zarU thatA pAMca padArtho jenuM sevana leke karatA hoya che. A zabdo mULa arthamAM prAcIna kALamAM hatA. Aryo A pAMca padArthonuM sevana karatA. tAMtrika paraMparAnA kaula saMpradAyamAM Aje ya A paMcamakAranuM sevana thatuM jovA sAMbhaLavA maLe che. vaidika kALamAM hiMsA thatI te vAtane nakArI zakAya tema nathI, kAraNa ke ghaNuM yAmAM devane bali tarIke pazunuM balidAna karavAmAM AvatuM. paraMtu te pachInA zrotasUtro ane gRhyasUtramAM hiMsAne maryAdita karavAmAM AvI ane kevaLa yajJa pUratI maryAdita rAkhIne kahevAmAM AvyuM ke yajJamAM thatI hiMsAne hiMsA na kahevAya. (yajJayA fphasA fphrakA), tenuM kAraNa e batAvavAmAM AvyuM ke yajJanI hiMsA vedamAM vihita-vidhAna karAyelI che. (vihitasvA.)* paraMtu upaniSakALamAM A hiMsAne tAtvika-AdhyAtmika arthamAM ghaTAvavAmAM AvI. tenuM vizada vyAkhyAna bRhadAraNyaka upaniSadanA prathama adhyAyanA azvamedha yajJanA sRSTi paraka artha parathI spaSTa thAya che. upaniSadanA AdhyAtmika artha pramANe paMca makArano artha saMpUrNa rIte badalAI gayelo jovA maLe che. te mujaba 1. magha-paramabrahma paramAtmA saccidAnaMda svarUpa che tenuM AnaMdamayarUpa sAdhakane mada-harSita karanAruM hoI brahmajJAna ja magha che.' 2, mAMsa-A zabdanA be bhAga kare che. mA eTale jIbha ane sa eTale rasa tene je bhakSe eTale ke jIbhanI caTAkedAra svAdavRttinuM ja bhakSaNa karI javuM e ja mAMsabhakSaNa che 5 Ama mAMsabhakSaNa eTale svAdavRtti para vijaya. ja adhyApaka saMskRta vibhAga, ma. sa. yunivarsiTI, vaDodarA sAmIpya : eNkabara, '87 thI mArca, 1988]. [135 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #23
che. 3. masya-mAchalI. mata AtmasvarUpa temAMthI je sya prayuta kare-pADe tevAM sukha ane duHkha e be mAchalIo che jenA tarapha upekSAvRtti rAkhI sahana karavA ane harSa ke uga na kare, te bhasmabhakSaNane artha thaye. 4 mithuna-AtmajJAnanI taravA vagere jevI sAdhanAo dvArA jIvAtmArUpa strI ane paramAtmArUpa parano saMyoga eTale ja vedAMtAnasAra mithana thayuM kahevAya 8 "te saMyoganA pariNAme je brahmAnaMda anubhavAya che temAM paNa bAhyavastu ke vAtAvaraNane khyAla rahetI nathI. 5, mudrA-chA5 mahera, ijananA saMganI mahora lAgavAthI saMsAranA baMdhane vadhu gADha bane che, tethI satsaMganI mahora manuSya potAnA jIvana para mAre te ja mudrA che 50 vedAMtanI paribhASAne uparyukta artha karatAM jude artha yogasaMpradAyamAM khAsa karIne gorakSanAthanA graMthamAM dekhAya che tadanusAra haganA sAdhake(nAthagIe , paMca makAranuM sevana karavAnuM hoya che. eTale haThagI sAdhaka piMDasAdhanA-ghaTasAdhanA karanArA hAI paMca makAno artha temanI rIte temanI paribhASA pramANe ApavAmAM Ave che. 1, madha-manuSyanA mastakamAM sahastrAracakra che, tyAM semamaMDaLa che. te semamaMDaLamAMthI satata amRta Tapake che. te amRta manuSyanA jaTharAgni-agnimaMDaLamAM paDatAM baLIne bhasma thaI jAya che. tethI tene khecarI mudrA dvArA jIbha para jhIlI tene AsvAda mANavo te madyapAne che.18 2, mAMsa-bha. bha mAMsapezIone banelI che. tene kapAlakuharamAM khecarI mudrA dvArA laI javAthI mAMsa-jIbha gaLAmAM pahoMcatI hovAne lIdhe mAMsabhakSaNa thayuM.15 3masya-manuSyanA DAbA ane jamaNu nasakerAmAM rahelI IDA ane piMgalA nAmanI nADIemAM pharato prANu e ja matsya che. te prANane kuMbhaka karIne rokavo te ja bhasmabhakSaNa che.16 4 mizana-kaDalinI zakti ane parama zivanuM milana e mithunakriyA che. karoDarajaja (suSumaNA)nA nIcalA cheDe mUlAdhAracakramAM suSupta rahelI kuMDalinIne prANAyAmAdi gaprakriyA dvArA jAgRta karavI ane tene mastakamAM rahelA sahastrAracakramAM virAjamAna paramaziva sAthe milana karAvavuM te ja mithuna che. 17 5mudrA-dayAnamAM besavuM, zarIra, zira ane Dokane eka ja rekhAmAM rAkhI (TaTTAra besI) nAsAgradRSTi thaIne sthira besavuM te mudrA che.18 Ama paMca makAranA mULa artha mAMthI vedAMtane AdhyAtmika artha ane te pachI hogIonA (ke nAthagIonA) tatparaka arthanuM tAtparya Arya saMskRtinI bahuhetuka parivartanamAhyatA batAve che. tenA hetuo ghaNuM gaNI zakAya tema che. upaniSadakALathI ane pAtaMjala yogasUtranA kALa sudhImAM RSi-munio ane yogIonA svayaM anubhavane tAraNa daSTigocara thAya che. paramAtmapAsanAmAM AhAranI zuddhi agatyane ja nahIM paraMtu anivArya bhAga bhajave che. AhAranI sArivakatA para buddhinI svacchatA-zuddhine AdhAra che 18 [jo ke AhAranI svacchatA ane samatAne svIkAra Adhunika vijJAna paNa svIkAre ja che.] bIjo hetu e che ke AryasaMskRtinA yajJakAMDa ane pazuhatyAjanita hiMsAnI sAme bauddhadharma ane jainadharmane ahiMsAtmaka valaNane paDagho paDayo. AryasaMskRtine ahiMsAnI upAdeyatA jaNAI trIje hetu vedAMtabhAvanA sAthe saMkalita che. vedAMtamAM sarvAtmabhAva deg-brahmabhAva para bhAra mUkavAmAM Avyo che. jagatane prANimAtra paramAtmAnA ja aMze che. tethI eka brahma bIjA brahmane haNe [sAmIpya ? oNkaTobara, "87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #24
athavA eka AtmA bIjA AtmAte haze ane tenuM bhAjana kare te rAgaprApta hoya teA svIkAya na hovuM joIe paNa dharmaprApta ke prakRtiniyukti hoya te svIkArya gaNAya. Ama makAra-sevana niSedha karavA upaniSadanA RSioe AdhyAtmika a`vivecana karyuM. rAgaprApta Aje vaidika samayamAM mAMsabhakSaNa ane madirAsevana thatuM ja hatuM tema pUravAra karavAnA athaga paraMtu anAvazyaka prayatne Aya saMskRtinA sudhArAvAdI valaNuthI ajJAta vidvAnA karI rahyA che. tenI sAthe sAthe paMca-makArarUpa dUSaNa hatuM ja nahIM evuM pratipAdana keTalAka rUDhicusta pa`Dita vidvAnA kare che. paraMtu saMskRti yathAkAla sudhArAvAdI khate nahi te zAzvata TakI zake nahi, ane te sudhArAvAdI abhigama dUSaNa na hoI zake te te bhUSaNa ja che. ane te bhUSaNu ja siddha kare che ke jagatanI badhI prAcIna saMskRtimAM Aje paNu A saMskRti potAnuM AgavuM unnata sthAna jALavI rahI che. pAdaTIpa 1. madyaM mAMsaM ca mInaM ca mudrAM maithunameva ca / makArapaMcakaM. || saMkSiptazaMkara digvijaya, 16-3 2. vaidika (yAgIyA) hiMsA na hiMsA vA prayoga yA hetvAbhAsa - vibhAga para Aye vI. vAya. 3. uSA vA azvasya medhyasya ziraH sUryazcakSuvatiH prANaH // adhyAya-1 zrAhmayu-1 4. yaduktaM paramaM brahma nirvikAraM niraMjanam / tasmin pramadanaM jJAnaM tanmadyaM parikIrtitam // saMkSiptazaMkara digvijaya, 16 -- 13 5 mA - zabdAdurasanA jJeyA tadaMzaM rasitaM tathA / sadA ye'dyAt tamevAha zaMkaro mAMsasAdhakam // 14 6. mAM syataH svasvarUpAdyau sukhaduHkhAtmakau priye / matsya bhakSayedityapyAhezI matsyasAdhakam // nna, 15 zAstramAM thayo che. vadhu yo tarkasaMgraha 7. chAndogyopaniSad, 6.8. 7 8. yathA striyaM pariSvajya na brAhmaM veda nAntaram / iti zruterjIvapara- yogo maithunamIryate // saMkSiptazaMkara digvijaya, 16.17 9. kalpadrukoza, 5.72; mudrArAkSasanATakam, aMka 1, aMka 5 10. satsaMgena bhavenmuktirasatsaMgena baMdhanam / satsaMgamudraNaM yattu sA mudrA parikIrtitA / / khena, 16. 16 11. siddhasiddhAntapaddhati, 6. 51; haThayogapradIpikA, 3. 47 49 12. tuma gheraMDasaMhitA, 12.8 13. jihvApravezasaMbhUtavanotpAditaH khalu / candrAt sravati yaH sAraH sA syAdamaravAruNI || haThayogapradIpikA, 3 49 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 14. khecaryAM mudritaM yena vivaraM lambikaurdhvataH / na tasya kSarate vinduH kAminyAzleSitasya ca / na 3. 42 sAmIpya : oNsTora, '87 thI bhAnya, 1788 ] For Private and Personal Use Only [ anusa'dhAna pRSTha 133nI nIce] [287

Page #25
'amamasvAmicarita'nA racanAkALa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir candraprabhasUri dharmAMdhASasira ' samuhyeSasUra madhusUdana DhAMkI pUrNimA gacchanA AcAya muniratnasUrinI kRti agamasvAmicarita bhAvI tIthaMkara 'amama' saMbaMdhI eka dharmAMkathAnaka gUMthI letI jaina racita madhyakAlIna saMskRta kRti che. prastuta racanAnuM sAhityika dRSTie amukAze mUlya je hoya te, aitihAsika daSTie te tyAM apAyela jinasiMhasUri racita prAntaprazastinuM vizeSa mUlya che. prazastimAM racatava zabdAMkamAM "dvipaMcaddinavRkSe" ema batAvyuM che, jene (vAbhagati niyama anusAra) sa. 125ra(I. sa. 1196) (sva.) muni puNyavijayajIe, ane pramANe (sva). prA. hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApaDiyAe ghaTAvyu` che? teA vaLI paM. aMbAlAla premacaMda zAha prastuta racanAnuM miti varSAM saM. 1255/I. sa. 1199 batAve che.pa bIjI bAju (sva.) mehanalAla dalicaMda dezAIe tene sa. 1225/I. sa. 1169 mAnyuM che. racanA-miti sadha prastuta bhinna abhiprAyA AthI parikSaNIya banI jAya che. e BY * racanAnA zabdAMkamAM kathita vathI vAstavika miti zu' phalita thaI zake te saMbadhamAM te prazasti aMta ta noMdhAyelI ghaTanAe, tenA aitihAsika saMdarbheEnI sAthe sakaLAyela pAtrAnI samayasthitine lakSamAM letAM khyAla maLI rahe che. pau`mika muniratnasUrinI prazastimAM dIdhela gurvAvala nIce mujaba che : For Private and Personal Use Only muniratnasUra suraprabhasUri pUrNimAgacchanI saMsthApanA candraprabhasUri dvArA saM. 1149/I. sa. 1093 mAM thaI hovAnuM anya sAdhanA dvArA vidita che. candraprabhasUri-ziSya dhASasUri siddharAja dvArA sammAnita hovAnu amamasvAmicarita atirikta prastuta guccha para parAmAM thaI gayelA anya munionI racanAothI paNa siddha che. dharmAMdhASanA ziSya samudraASa paNa siddharAja dvArA sammAnita hovA uparAMta geAdhraka(godharA) nA rAjA dvArA, temaja mAlapati paramAra naravarmAMnI sabhAmAM vAdizvetA rUpeNu mAnaprApta muni hatA * sahAyaka niyAmaka, amerikana insyUiyUTa oNpha inDiyana sTaDIjha, vArANasI 138 ] [sAmIpya : ma~kiTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988

Page #26
2 DI ane te rIte bhAratanA evuM jinasiMhasUri prazastimAM noMdhe che. svayaM muniratnasUrie paNa mahAkAla maMdiramAM naravamAMnI pariSada samakSa zaiva vAdi vidyAzivane parAjita karyAnI paNa prastuta prazastimAM nedha jovA ma che.10 uparanI mahattvapUNa etihAsika hakIkatonA sandarbhamAM ja amasvAmicaritanI mitino vinizcaya thavo ghaTe. ene dhyAnamAM rAkhatAM dharmaghoSasUrine samaya siddharAjanA prAraMbhika be dazakAmAM paDe ane temanA ziSya samudraSasUrine siddharAjanAM zAsananA uttarArdhamAM paDe. paramAra naravarmAno kALa IsavI sana 1105-1133 no che; AthI samudraSasUrinI ja nahIM, muniratnasUrinI bhALavAnI mulAkAta paNa i. sa. 133 pahelAnA koIka varSamAM thaI hovI ghaTe; sarAsarI tora para tene I. sa. 1130 nA arasAmAM mAnIe to prastuta kALe muniratnasUri vRddha nahIM te jJAna ane vayamAM paripakava avasthAmAM AvI cUkayA haze. A hakIkata dhyAnamAM letAM temaNe cheka i. sa. 1196 mAM eTale ke mALavAmAM meLavala vAda-jayathI lagabhaga 66 varSa bAda, amabhasvAmicaritanI racanA karI hatI tevI vAta, to bilakula vyAvahArika, ane ethI tathyasaMgata, jaNAtI nathI; e ja rIte . sa. 1169 nI miti paNa dara to paDI ja jAya che. vadhumAM e bIjI gaNatarImAM vAmanagatinA niyamanuM pAlana paNa thatuM nathI (chatAM te sAcI hoI zake ke nahIM te viSe AgaLa jaIza.), mitinA prAraMbhika gaNita-zabdano artha jarA jadI rIte paNa dhaTAvI zakAya ""fiaa" no artha guNAkAra krame "10" paNa thato hovAnuM vAstuzAstromAM meM joyAnuM smaraNa che. e rIte ghaTAvatAM miti saM. 12 10/I. sa. 1154 nI Ave che. A miti maniratnasUrinI bhAlavAvALI ghaTanAthI 24 varSa bAdano samaya darzAve che, je vyAvahArika dRSTie to ekadama baMdha besI jAyuM che tema chatAM I sa. 1169 nuM varSa paNa kumArapALanA zAsanakALa aMtargata Ave che. ane prazastimAM ulakhita kumArapALanA samayanI keTalIka anya vyaktio, jema ke kumArapALanA mahAmauddhika rudrane putra maMtrI nina, kumArapALanA maMtrI yaze dhavalano patra bAlakavi jagadeva, rAjAne akSapATalika kumArakavi, ItyAdi IsavI 1169 mAM hayAta hovAno ghaNe saMbhava che. vastutayA A bIjI mitine prabaLa samarthana te muniratnasUrie karela hemacandrAcAryanA triSaSTizalAkApuraSacaritranA ulekhathI sahaja rUpe maLI jAya che. prastuta graMthamAM eka sthaLe kumArapALa AhaMta cetyothI pRthvIne zaNumAraze evI bhaviSyavANI, ane bIje sthaLe zaNagArI" evI bhUtavANI prakaTa kare ullekha tha che.12 kumArapALa dvArA pATaNamAM kumAravihAra, tribhuvanapAla vihAra. trivihAra ityAdi jinAlaye sau prathama baMdhAyA haze, paNa kyAre, te viSe cokkasa mAhitI upalabdha nathI. paraMtu tAraMgAnA kumAravihAra ane jAloranA kAMcanagirigaDhanA kumAravihAranI mitio I. sa. 1165-66 nI hovAnuM jJAna che. kumArapALanI jaina dharma prati vizeSa rUci khAsa to I. sa. 116 0 thI ja dekhAya che. 13 triSazilAkApuruSa caritranI racanAnA samaye kumArapALa dvArA nirmita judA-judA sthaLonA kumAravihAra baMdhAI cUkelA hovA joIe. te jotAM prastuta graMthanI racanA I. sa. 166 pUrvenI hovAno saMbhava nathI. ane ethI te graMtho ullekha karanAra amamasvAmicaritano samaya I. sa. 1569 hovAno saMbhava dRDhatara bane che. ane e miti ja gaNita--zabdanA arthaghaTana anirikta aitihAsika pariprekSaNamAM vizeSa baMdha besatI thAya che. muniratnasUri AthI siddharAja uparAMta kumArapALanA paNuM samakAlIna bane che. je aMge anya pramANa prazasti aMtargata mojUda che, je have joIe. amasvAmicaritanuM saMzodhana gUrjaranRpAkSapATabrika kumAra kavie karyAnI noMdha tyAM prAntaprazastimAM che. 14 prastuta "kumAra" te dvitIya bhImadeva tema ja vAghelA varadhavala temaja vIsaLadevanA rAjapurohita, ane maMtrI vastupALanA vidumitra kavi saMmezvadevanA pitA hovAnuM mAnavAmAM AvyuM che.15 paraMtu te vAta amacaritanA upara nizcita karela bhiti ane AnuSaMgika samaya-vinirNayanA muddAonA sandarbhamAM amukAMze praznArtha rU5 banI jAya che. sAmIkha : kaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988) [139 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #27
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra sadaiva (dvitIya) seAmezvaradevanI potAnI kRti surathAtsavamAM apAyeA prazasti anusAra temanI potAnI 'zAvaLI nIce mujaba che : selazamAM lallazamAM muja (prathama) seAmezvara (prathama) rAmezvara mahAdeva www.kobatirth.org AmazarmA 1 kumAra (prathama) sarvodeva (prathama) Abhiga kumAra (dvitIya)=lakSmI) (caulukaya mUlarAjane purAhita) (cAmu DarAjatA pureAhita) (dulabharAjanA purAhita) (bhImadeva prathamanA pureAhita) (kaNu devanA purA hita) (jayasiMha siddharAjatA pure hita) (kumArapALatA samakAlIna) (kumArapALanA pureAhita) [prabandhacita maNi(I sa. 1305)nA AdhAre] (ajayapALanA samakAlIna) (kavi) sAmezvaradeva (dvitIya) (caulukaya bhImadeva dvitIya, vAdhelA vIradhavala temaja vIsaladevane samakAlIna) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir muMja (dvitIya) For Private and Personal Use Only ADa vijaya sAmezvaradeve potAnA pitA kumAra viSe je teAMdha ApI che te anusAra che ajayapALa, mULarAja (dvitIya) ane bhImadeva (dvitIya)nA samakAlIna hatA.6 temane kumArapALanA purAhita vA akSapAlika hovAnuM ane tee 'kavi' hatA tema paNa tyAM kyuM nathI. (jo temanA saMbadha kumArapALa sAthe vastuta: hoya te AvI mahattvanI noMdha levI semezvara kema bhUlI gayA haze ?) je kumAra kavie I.sa. 1169 mAM amaJasvAmicaritanu zaidhana karyu, te semezvara pitRkumAra hAya. te temanA putra semezvara deve cheka I. sa. 1155mAM DabhoInI hIrAbhAgeALanI prazasti lakhI hatI, te vAta paNa dhyAnamAM levI joI e. kema ke A banne mitie vacce khAssA 86 varSI jevaDA mATA gALA paDI jAyuM chaeN. sAmezvaranI prathama kRti kItti kaumudI I. sa. 1225 nA arasAnI che. I sa 1220 mAM mahAma`Dalezvara vIradhavala vAghelAne sahAya karavA mantrI badhu vastupALa-tejapALa jyAre bhImadeva dvitIyanA anurAdhathI dhALakA AvyA te arasAmAM sAmezvaradeva paNa tyAM rAjapurAhita rUpe AvI vasyA hoya tema jaNAya che. 140] [sAmIpya : kaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988

Page #28
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra lAkokti alaMkAra pI. cu. zAstrI zabdo kAvyazarIranAM ghaTaka tattvo hoya che. tevI ja rIte rUDha prayAga| paNa kAvyanI rajUAtane AkarSIka banAvanArAM tattvA che. lekavyavahAramAM paNa AvA rUDha prayogA calaNI jovA maLe che, kAraNa ke tenAthI vaktAnA muddo asarakAraka rIte rajU thaI zake che. Ama rUDha prayogA athanI abhivyakti athavA sUcanA sArI rIte karI zake che. bhASAmAMnI keTalIka kahevatA paNa rUDha prayogeAnA jevI ja hoya che. AvI keTalIka kahevato ane rUDha prayogA kAvyanI zAbhA vadhAratAM hovAthI alaMkAra kahI zakAya. lAka vyavahAramAM pracalita AvA rUDha prayoga ane kahevato saikAothI jANItAM hAvA chatAM tene leAkeAkti alaMkAra' kahI svataMtra alaMkAranA darajo ApavAnuM kAya' appaya dIkSite potAnA kuvalayAna"mAM sa prathama mADe moDe karyu che. peAtAnA 'kuvalayAnanda'mAM appaya dIkSite leAkeAkti alaMkArane sarva prathama svataMtra alakAra gaNyA che. lokokti alaMkAranI appaya dIkSite ApelI vyAkhyA A pramANe che. jyAM lAkAmAM jANItI uktinuM anukaraNa karavAmAM Ave tyAM lokokti alakAra thAya che."1 Ama lekamelImAM jANItI ukti leAkeAkti alakAra race che, kAraNa ke tenAmAM kAvyasauMdaya raheluM che. alpaya dIkSite leAkeAkita ala`kAranI vyAkhyA ApyA pachI leAkeAkti alaMkAranAM e udAharaNA ApyAM che. AmAMthI pahelA udAharaNamAM eka virahI vyaktine cAra mahinA vadhu sahana karI levAnI vAta karavAmAM AvI che. A udAharaNu mahAkavi kAlidAsanA khaDakAvyamAM mecadUtanI yAda Ape che. kAraNa ke me%0dUta khaMDakAvyamAM yakSa yakSapatnIne vadhu cAra mahinA akhA mIcIne" sahana karavAnI bhalAmaNa kare che; tyAM ja 'none mIyitvA e lekamAM jANItI ukti rajU karavAmAM AvI che. tete ja pA appaya dIkSitanA leAkeAkti alaMkAranA prathama udAharaNamAM ApaNane saMbhaLAya che, e dRSTie jotAM medUtanI pragADha asara ahIM aya dIkSite jhIlI che ema kahevamAM kaze vAMdhe nathI. ahI 'AMkhe mI'cIne' evI leAkeAmAM pracalita uktine rajU karavAmAM AvI hovAthI suMdara leAkokti alaMkAra thayA che. evI ja rIte aya dIkSite ApeluM khIjuM udAharaNa paNa temaNe racelA 'varadarAjastava'nAmanA stAtrakAvyanA zleAka che. temAM varadarAja varadAnamudrA dhAraNu karatA nathI, kAraNa ke varadarAja nAma ja varadAnanI vAta sUcave che. tene spaSTa karavA mATe evI lokAkti rajU thaI che ke brAhmaNa hAvAnI sAbitI mATe jatAI paherelI batAvavI e jagatamAM khUba jANItA brAhmaNakuLamAM janma lenArane mATe jarUrI nathI." A lekti alaMkAranI se|dAharaNa vyAkhyA sarvAM prathama ApavAnuM mAna appaya dIkSitane phALe jAya che. aya dIkSita lokokti alaMkArane svataMtra alaMkAra mAne che. *** adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga, ela. DI. ArTsa kaoNleja, amadAvAda sAmIpya : kaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988] For Private and Personal Use Only [157

Page #29
appaya dIkSita pachI devazaMkara lekekti alaMkArane ravIkAranArA bIjA AlaMkArika AcArya che. lokokti alaMkAranI apagya dIkSite ApelI vyAkhyApa ja devazaMkare zabdazaH svIkArI che. eTale vyAkhyAnI bAbatamAM appaya dIkSitanuM RNuM devazaMkare svIkAyuM che. paraMtu udAharaNanI bAbatamAM devazaMkare paNa apanI jema maulika udAharaNu leketi alaMkAra mATe ApyuM che. devazaMkare ApelA udAharaNamAM potAnI khAnagI vAta duSTane kahIne pAchaLathI pastAI rahelA manuSyane tene mitra jaNAve che ke "hAtha vaDe peTa coLIne teNe zaLa utpanna karyuM che. ahIM peTa coLIne zULa upajAvavuM' evI lokapracalita ukti ApavAthI lokokti alaMkAra thayo che. phalata:, lakekti alaMkAranA eka maulika udAharaNane rajU karavA sivAya apAya dIkSitathI AgaLa vadhI devazaMkarane kazuM ja kahevAnuM nathI. devazaMkara pachI kaNa kavie lakti alaMkArano svIkAra pitAnA "maMdArabharaMdacaMpUmAM karyo che. kaNuM kavie leke kti alaMkAranI vyAkhyA apaya dIkSitane anusarIne ApI che. paraMtu A kaNa kavie devazaMkaranI jema le kokti alaMkAranuM udAharaNa maulika ApyuM che. Ama chatAM temAM rahelI AMkhe mI:cIne e lokomAM pracalita ukti to kaNa kavie kAlidAsa ane a5ya dIkSite ApelI pracalita lokoktine ja svIkArI che. AthI udAharaNamAM paNa uSNa kavie aya dIkSitanuM RNuM ja svIkAryuM che. pariNAme kRNakavine paNa leketi alaMkAranI bAbatamAM appaya dIkSitathI AgaLa vadhI kazuM ja kahevAnuM nathI ! saMkSepamAM a5ya dIkSitane phALe lakti alaMkArane kSetre atyaMta agatyane che. alaMkArie karelI A lokokti alaMkAranI carcA jotAM ema kahI zakAya ke moDe moDe rUDha prayogo ane kahevata jevAM lekavyavahAramAM calaNI banelAM vAkaye 5NuM kAvyanI zobhA vadhAre che e vAtano svIkAra thayo che. AvA rUDha prayoga ane kahevato kAvyamAM sUcaka ane asarakAraka rajUAta kare che. tethI lokokti alaMkAramAM kAvyasaudarya raheluM hoya che. loketi kyAreka vyaMgyArthavALI, te kayAreka jIvananA anubhavanA navanItavALI hoya che. aMgrejI vagere vividha bhASAomAM AvA rUDha praga ane kahevata dharAvatI bhASAne zobhAvALI bhASA mAnavAmAM Ave che e vAta kekti alaMkArane mAnanArAone khUba svAbhAvika jaNAya temAM kazI navAI nathI. eTale tamAma bhASAomAM A alaMkAra AdarapAtra banyo che. chelle, lekokti alaMkArane svataMtra alaMkAra tarIke svIkAro joIe, kAraNa ke arthAtaranyAsa alaMkAramAM samarthya samarthakabhAva hoya che, jyAre lokakita alaMkAramAM tene abhAva hoya che. dRSTAnta ane nidarzana jevA alaMkAromAM dAkhale ApavAnI vAta mukhya hoya che, jyAre lakti alaMkAramAM teno abhAva hoya che. vaLI vakrokti alaMkAramAM liSTa artha ke kAku hoya che tene lekokti alaMkAramAM abhAva hovAthI A alaMkArane vakrokti alaMkAramAM samAvI zakAya nahIM. evI ja rIte rokokti ala kAramAM lokokti alaMkArane samAvI na zakAya, kAraNa ke chekekita alaMkAramAM kavine viziSTa abhiprAya hele he ya che ke jene abhAva lekekti alaMkAramAM hoya che. vyakti , gUDhakti tathA vivRkti alaMkAromAM kazuMka chUpAvavAnI vAta hoya che ke je vAta leketi alaMkAramAM nathI. tethI lokoktine jude alaMkAra mAnavo ghaTe. chelle, nirukti alaMkAramAM zabdanA bIjA yaugika arthanI vAta hoya che, jyAre lokokti alaMkAramAM tevI vAta na hovAthI nirukti alaMkAramAM lokti alaMkArane samAvI na zakAya. phalata:, lekokti alaMkArane svataMtra alaMkAra tarIke svIkAre joIe. [juo anusaMdhAna pRSTha-163] 158] [sAmIpya : oNkaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #30
zivavivAhane lagatI gujarAtamAMthI prApta be virala pratimA --pravINacaMdra parIkha For Private and Personal Use Only * zivavivAha devAnA vivAhe|mAM anokhI bhAta pADe che. vastuta: ziva sivAya koI anya devatAnAM lagna viSe karyAMya purANomAM ke khIjA zAstrIya graMthamAM nirUpaNa maLatuM nathI. A ziva-vivAhanuM mUrtividhAna purANA uparAMta zilpazAstromAM paNa apAyuM che. ska Mda purANu, ziva mahApurANu, aMzumadbedAgama, pUrvAMkAraNAgama, uttara-kAmikAgama ane zrItatttanidhi jevA graMthAmAM ziva-pArvatInA lagna-prasaMgane kalyANu suMdara' tarIke oLakhAvyA che. hiMdu mUrtividhAnanA mUdhanya vidvAna zrI TI. gopInAtha rAve temanA Elements ot Hindu Iconography nAmanA prasiddha pustakamAMra AvI sAta mUrtie vaNavI che, jemAMnI eka ilerAmAM ane eka dhArApurI(eliphanTA)nI prasiddha che. gujarAtamAM pAvAgaDhamAMnI A svarUpanI eka mUrtine ullekha zrI ka. bhAve ane DaoN. u. pre. zAhe4 karelA che, paraMtu teoe enuM vaNaeNna ApyuM nathI. ahIM pAvAgaDhanI e mUti uparAMta amadAvAdamAM paNa eka A prakAranI mUtinI jANakArI anAyAsa prApta thatAM e khatenuM ahIM avalAkana pragaTa karavAmAM Ave che. AmAM pAvAgaDhanA zilpapa (yitra-2)nuM abhidhAna zrI ka. bhA. dave ane zrI u. pre, zAhe 'kalyANu suMdara mUrti' tarIke kayu`' che, paraMtu A zipanuM avale!kana karatAM emAMne prasaMga pANigrahaNutA nahi paNa pANigrahaNa pachInI vidhi darzAvatA jAya che. A zilpa pAvAgaDhanA lakulIza maMdiranA vADAmAM chUTuM paDeluM che. A zilpA phoTogrApha upalabdha karavA mATe amerikana insTiTayUTa oNpha inDiyana sTaDIjha, vArANusItA huM...AbhArI chuM. zivavivAhane lagatA A zilpamAM zivanI DAbI bAjue pArvatI UbhAM che. ziva samabhagamAM ane pArvatI tribhaMgamAM UbhelAM che. zitra caturbhuja che, jyAre pAtI dvibhUja che. zive jamaNA upalA hAthamAM trizUla (jetA uparamA bhAga kha`Dita che) ane DAkhA upalA hAthamAM nAga dhAraNa karela che. teo DAbA nIcalA hAtha vaDe pAva tIne AliMgana Ape che. zivane jamaNA nIcalA hAtha ane pAtInA khate hAtha, Ama traNeya hAtha vaDe koI vastu dhAraNa karela che. emAM zivatA hAtha upara ane pAtInA hAtha enI nIce rAkhela che. ziva ane pAvaMtInA jAnu para thaIne pasAra thatu vara-kanyAnuM cheDA-gAMThaNuM spaSTapaNe joI zakAya che. ziva ane pArvatInA paganI vaccethI dekhAtA gALAmAM brahmA vIrAsanamAM besIne hema karatA jovA maLe che. temanAM trimukha spaSTa dekhAya che. temanI saMmukha nAnuM sarakhuM cArasa ghaTanu vedipAtra rAkhelu che, jemAM tee jamaNA upalA hAthamAM dhAraNa karelA dhruva vaDe Ahuti ApI rahyA che. temanA jamaNe nIcalA hAtha aspaSTa che, jyAre DAkhA upalA hAthamAM pustaka ane DAbe nIcalA hAtha hRdaya AgaLa rAkhIne jANe ke te Ahuti gaNutA hoya e prakAraneA bhAva darzAve che. temanA hAthamAM akSamAlA che ke nahi te spaSTa thatuM nathI. * adhyakSa, bhA. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda sAmIpya : oNkaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988] [159

Page #31
zivanA jamaNA paga pAse je nAnI beThelI Akati najare paDe che te viSNunI hovAnuM jaNAya che. emAM caturbhuja viSNune jamaNo nIcale hAtha AzIrvAda mudrAmAM che, je prasaMgane anurUpa che. viSNunA jamaNu upalA hAthamAM gadA, DAbA upalA hAthamAM pu5 (kamaLa) ane DAbA nIcalA hAthamAM saMbhavataH zaMkha dhAraNa karela che. pArvatInA DAbA paga pAse je AkRti vIrAsana mAM beThelI che, te mRdaMgavAdakanI che. A mRdaMgavAdaka pitAnA baMne hAtha vaDe naradhA-tabalAnI jema be alaga-alaga mRdaMgone vagADI rahyo che. ahIM hAma karatA brahmA, AzIrvAda ApatA viSNu, ziva-pArvatIne saMyukta karatuM cheDA gAMThaNuM tema ja pArvatI dvArA potAnA baMne hAtha vaDe ziva dvArA apAtI vastune svIkAra A badhAno samagra rIte vicAra karatAM A prasaMga zivapArvatInuM pANigrahaNa thaI gayA pachI ziva dvArA pAvatIne ApatA siMda pAtrano sUcaka hovAnuM anumAnI zakAya che. zive adhovastra tarIke mRgacarma dhAraNa karela che. temanA mastake gamukta jaTAmuka, namAM suvarNanAM bhAre kuMDala, gaLAmAM hAMsaDI (hikkAsatra), karavalaya, sarSane bAjubaMdha, mauktikanI kaTimekhalA, UrudAma, be paga vacce laTakatI kaTimekhalAnI sera ane pagamAM pAdajAlaka dhAraNa karela che. jyAre pArvatInA mastaka para viziSTa prakAranI kezarayanA jovA maLe che. seMthe pADI UbhA oLelA vALane uparanI bAja baMdha bAMdhI tene cUDAmaNi ane suvarNAlaMkArathI suzobhita karela che, jyAre bAkI rahelA vALane pAchaLanI bAju goLa aMDe laI tene DAbA khabhA para jhUkate rAkhela che. e aMDAne phUlamALAthI sajAvela che. pArvatIe kuMDala, grIvA, hikA sUtra, pralaMbahAra ke maMgaLasUtra, karavalaya, bIjubaMdha, kaTimekhalA, UdAma, pAradarzaka custa adhovastra ane pagamAM pAdajAlaka dhAraNa karela che. pArvatInuM mukha ghasAyeluM che. viSNu ane vAdaka baMne AkRtionI pAchaLa lagnanI corIne traNa-traNa ghaDA spaSTa najare paDe che. Ama samagra Alekhana, sapramANa deharacanA ane vALa temaja alaMkAronI racanA zailInI draSTie A virala pratimA I. sa. nI 11 mI sadInA pahelA caraNamAM ghaDAI hovAnuM pratIta thAya che. amadAvAdanuM ziva vivAha ke pArvatI-pariNayanuM Alekhana karatuM suMdara zilpa (citra-3) ha5mAM janI TelIgrApha ophisa pAsenI bhadranA killAnI janI dIvAlamAMthI maLI AvyuM hatuM. A zilpa hAla amadAvAdanA zAhIbAgamAM zrI guNavaMta maMgaladAsanA aMgata saMgrahamAM surakSita che. A zipana phoTogrApha zrI vasaMta gupta(bhadra vistAranA sAmAjika kAryakara)e ro pADavo che tenI atre sAbhAra noMdha lauM chuM. kalyANasuMdara mUrti svarUpanI A pratimA upayukta pAvAgaDhanA zi95nI paraMparAne vyakta kare che. pAvAgaDhanA zi95mAM lagnamaMDapa mATe karelI cerImAM traNa-traNa kuMbha mUkelA che, jeno ahIM pUrNa vikAsa najare paDe che. ahIM baMne bAju cAra-cAra kaLaza UMcI pIThikA para goThavIne UtaraDa banAvI che, jenA TocanA kaLaza para haMsanI AkRti beThelI daSTigocara thAya che. uparanA bhAgamAM adha vartuLAkAre AmrapalavanA toraNanI racanA karelI che. Ama kaLaza ane AmrapalavanAM taraNuthI banelA maMDapamAM ziva-pArvatI tribhaMgamAM UbhelA che. ahI zivanA mastake UMce jaTAmukuTa, kAnamAM vAsukI sarSanA kuDala, lalATamAM trIjuM netra hovAnI nizAnI spaSTa najare paDe che. zivanA gaLAmAM suvarNa hikkAsUtra, uparAMta kaMdha-baMdha ane [160 [sAmIpya : kaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #32
bAjubadha dRSTigocara thAya che. temaNe kamara para zaku brAneA kaTibaMdha bAMdhye che. temanA uttarIyanA cheDA baMnee khAju laTakatA joI zakAya che. zive DAkhA hAthamAM Damaru dhAraNa kayu" che. devI pArvatI dvibhaMgamAM UbhAM che. teoe paganI pIMDI sudhInI sakaccha sADI paherI che, eka lAMbu uttarIya temanA khabhA parathI pasAra thai te ghUMTaNu sudhI pahoMce che. temanI kezaracanA uparyukta pAvAgaDhanI pAvatInI kezaracanAnI jema be bhAgamAM arthAt mastaka para jaTAjUTa tarIke ane mastakanI pAchaLa akheDA svarUpe DAbA khabhA para rahela najare paDe che. maukitaka kula, kaMThamAM mauktika hAra, payukta prala bahAra, mauktika keyUra, mauktika korA aMte pagamAM pAdavalaya dRSTigAcara thAya che. devIe peAtAnA DAbA hAthamAM phaLa dhAraNa karyu che. zive pANigrahaNa mATe pAtAne jamazeA hAtha laMbAvIne pAva tIneA jamaNA hAtha grahyo che. AmAM pANigrahaNa karatA zivanA hAtha spaSTapaNe nIce jovA maLe che. pAtInuM Alekhana ahIM pUNu yauvanA tarIke thayu che. ziva ane pAvatInI vacce paga pAse eka nIcA kadanA gaNunI AkRti dekhAya che. ene DAbe hAtha khaDita che ane jamaNA hAtha vaDe te kAI vAjiMtra vagADI rahyo che. vara ane kanyAnA mastaka vacce je vAmAvatta kATakANu-AkRti jovA maLe che te svastikanA nIcalA bhAganI sUcaka che. zivanI pAchaLa Ubhela bhUija AkRti potAnA DAbA upalA hAtha vaDe kAI vAjiMtra vagADI rahI che. emAM vAjiMtratA keTalAka bhAga khaDita thayelA che. AkAra paratve e. vAji Mtra vINA hovAnuM jaNAya che. A divya AkRtinA jamaNA hAthamAM karatAlanI joDI spaSTa najare paDe che. A AkRtie traiveyaka, hiMAsUtra,prala bahAra, kuMDala, mauktika keyUra ane mauktika valaya dhAraNa karelAM che. TUMkI dheAtI ane nAnuM uttarIya paNa dRSTigacara thAya che. AkRtinA mastakane tema ja DAbA hAthanA keTalAka bhAga kha`Dita ane khavAyele che. tema chatAM mastaka paranA UMcI thayelI zikhA dhAraNa karatA jaTAjUTa spaSTa varatAya che. emanA jamaNA khabhA para lAMkhI jhoLI laTakI rahI che. A AkRtitA sAdhu jevA dekhAva jotAM te prasiddha RSi nAradanI hovAnuM anumAna thaI zake. skaMda purANamAM|| maLatA varSoMna anusAra ziva-pA tInA vivAha prasaMge nAradajI hAjara hatA. banyuM hatu emake pACtInA pitA himAlaye zivate temanuM gAtra ane kulanI mAhitI pUchI tyAre e sAMbhaLIne prasanna mukha ziva udAsa thaI vicAramAM paDI gayA. AvI rIte deva, RSi, ga Mdha, muni ane siddhoe pUchyuM ane zivane niruttara jotAM te hasavA lAgyA, tyAre brahmAnA putra nArada vINA vagADavA lAgyA. patarAje nAradane e vakhate vINA vagADatAM rAkavyA. tyAre nArade kahyuM, 'tame zivanA gAtra ane kula khAkhata pUchyuM hatuM, te temanuM geAtra ane kula 'nAda' che ane tethI huM vINA vagADIne nAda utpanna karu chu.' A rIte nArade zivapakSe zivanAM gAtra ane kula vize vakIlAta karI hatI. ziva mahApurANamAM pazu uparyukta prasaMgane anurUpa vana maLe che. 1 prasa`ge skanda purANu ane ziva mahApurANunA ullekhAnA anusaMdhAnamAM letAM nAradanI A upasthiti hatI ema jaNAya che ane amadAvAdanA zilpanA zilpIe ziva-pArvatInA lagnamAM brahmA ane viSNunI upasthitivALA anyatra jovA maLatA prasaMga karatAM ahIM ane vizeSa mahattva ApyuM hAvAnuM jovA maLe che. nAradajI ahIM zivanI bAjue UbhA rahIne DAbA hAthe vINA ane jamaNA hAthe karatAla vagADIne nAdanA svAmI zivanA lagnotsavane madhura banAvI rahyA che. A apUrva prasa Mga che ane sAmIpTa : kaTAkhara, '87 thI mArca, 1988] [16 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #33
bhAratamAM koIpaNa jagyAe AnuM Alekhana thayAnuM jANamAM nathI. tethI A zivavivAhane lagatu anupama advitIya virala zilpa gaNAya. ahIM prastuta pAvAgaDhanA temaja amadAvAdanAM zilpamAM lagnanI corInuM svarUpa jotAM 11mI sadInA (pAvAgaDha) zipamAM ene prAraMbha thate ane amadAvAdanA A 13 mI sadInA pUrvArdhanA zilpamAM eno pUrNa vikAsa thate najare paDe che. gujarAtamAM lagnanI corInI racanA karavAnI paraMparA ochAmAM ochI eka hajAra varSa jeTalI jUnI che e bAbata A zilpo uparathI nizcita karI zakAya che. 15 pAdaTIpa 1. T. A. Gopinath Rao, Elements of Hindu Iconography, Vol. II pt. I, p. 337 2. Ibid., p. 343 3. 4. mA. have, "zurAtanu' bhUtividhAna', pR. 280 4. u. e zAha, zilpakRtio", "gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, graMtha 4 (selaMkI kSa)", 5 517, 54 31, pAti 73 5. 4. mA. have, upayu, pR. 240; . zAla, upayu, pR. 57 1. T. A Gopinath Rao, op. cit, p. 339 7. Ibid., p. p. 342 f. 8. A vidhi uttara bhAratamAM ane mahArASTra temaja madhya bhAratamAM adyAvadhi pracalita che. 8. T. A. Gopinath Rao., op. cit., p. 338 10. 246purANa, bhAlezvara-mA2-13, adhyAya 25; kathyatAM tAta gotra svaM kulaM caiva vizeSataH / / kathayasya mahAbhAga ityAkarNya vacastathA // sumukho vimukhaH sadyo hyazocyaH zocyatAM gataH // 70 / / evaMvidhaHsuravaraiRSibhistadAnIM gaMdharvayakSamunisiddhagaNastathaiva // dRSTo niruttaramukho bhagavAnmahezo hAsyaM cakAra subhazaM tvatha nAradana // 71 / / vINAM prakaTayAmAsa brahmaputro'tha nAradaH / / tadAnIM vArito dhImAnvINAM mA vAdaya prabho // 72 / / ityuktaH parvatenaiva nArado vAkyamabravIt // tvayA pRSTo bhavaH sAkSAtsvagotrakathanaM prati / / 73 / / asya gotra kulaM caiva nAda eva paraM gire / / nAde pratiSThitaH zaMbhu do hyasminpratiSThitaH / / 74 / / tasmAnnAdamayaH zaMbharnAdAcca pratilabhyate / / tasmAdvINA mayA cAdya vAditA hi paraMtapa / / 75 / / 11. ziva mahApurANa, 26 sahita, pAvatI 43, adhyAya 48; svagotra kathyatAM zambho pravarazca kulaM tathA / / nAma vedaM tathA zAkhAM mAkArSIssamayAtyayam // 7 // brahmovAca // ityAkarNya vacastasya himAdrezza karastadA / / sumukhAvimukhaH sadyo'pyazocyaHzocyatAM gataH // 8 // evaMvidhassuravaramunibhistadAnIM gaMdharvayakSagaNasiddhagaNaistathaiva / / dRSTo niruttaramukho bhagavAnmahezo'kArSIssuhAsyamatha tatra sa nAradatvam // 9 // vINAmavAdayastvaM hi brahmavijJo'tha nArada // zivena preritastatra manasA zaMbhumAnasaH // 10 // tadA nivArito dhImAnparvatendreNa va haThAt // viSNunA ca mayA devamunibhizcAkhilastathA // 11 // na nivRtto'bhavastvaM hiM sa yadA zaMkarecchayA // iti prokto'driNA tarhi vINAM mA vAdayAdhunA // 12 // ...zivo nAdamayaH sattyaM nAdazzivamayastathA / ubhayorataraM nAsti nAdasya ca zivasya ca // 28 // sRSTI prathamajatvAddhi lIlAsaguNarUpiNaH // zivAnnAdasya zaileMdra sarvotkRSTastatassa hi // 29 // ato hi vAditA vINApreritena mayAdya vai // sarvezvareNa manasA zaMkareNa himAlaya // 30 // 11.2] [sAmIpya : opa2, '87 thI bhAya', 1488 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #34
[anusaMdhAna pRSTha-158 nuM cAlu'] 12. kalyANusuMdara svarUpane vyakta karatuM eka nAnuM (9 x9 IMca kanuM) apamRta` zilpa meDAsAnI sAya'sa ane ArTsa kaoNlejanA sAMskRtika saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita che. A zilpa 12 mI sadInuM hovAnu` manAyuM che. (jue kAMtilAla sAmapurA, meADAsA kaoNleja myujhiyama paricaya' ane kaoNlejanA sAMskRtika namUnAonu vagI rahyu', 'mAjuma", mArca, 1967). paraMtu zilpanA rUpAMkanane tema ja samagra zikSApaTanA sajAvaTanI bhAtane lakSamAM letAM A zilpa 13 mI sadInA uttarAnuM ke te pachInuM hovAnuM pratIta thAya che. pAdaTIpa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1 lopravAvAnuotioittiriti mate / yuthalayAnanya:-kavvayyayIkSitaviracita:-niNu yasAgara AvRtti(chaThThI), alaMkAraca'drikA sAthe-1931, pR. 161 2. sajja kRttiSimAsAnmItavidyA vinoSane ! ejana 3. zevAn masAt gamaya jaMturo hoyane mIyiA / medyUtam-vAliyAsa:- uttaramegha niSNuyasAgara, AvRtti paMdaramI, 1947, pR. 47 4. madIye varadarAjastave nAmnaiva te varada vAJchitadAtRbhAvaM vyAkhyAtyaMto na vahase varadAnamudrAm / vizvaprasiddhataravivu sUteyaMjJopavItavana f na lavavejJam ! kuvalayAnanya. pR.16| 5. bhojaprayAvAnuvruti lokoni vijhyulAvidu:| yevazaMkarAtA malAramagvA-sidhiyAorIenTala sirIjha, ujjaina, 1940, pR. 210 sAmIpya : TAbara, '87thI mArca, 1988] 6. marmALavedya tulTeDamin anutAvamupeyuvA / tenovaramAmaI cUlamutpAdita thayA ! ejana 7. lonAvAlAnugaranuM lokoryivi thate / visAmasvAmavazvampU / niyasAgara ArthAtta bIjI, 1924, pR. 148 8. anusarati nanAndA nandakumAraM parApi sAnandA | tava kiM nIrajanayane pazya mudonmIlya mAdhavaM nayane / / ejana For Private and Personal Use Only [193

Page #35
gujarAtamAMthI upalabdha "kAliyamadana-zilpamAM viSNunuM svarUpa haripriyA raMgarAjanaka bhagavAna viSaNunA daza avatAromAM rAma avatAra ane kRSNa avatAra e be saMpUrNa avatAra manAya che. A baMne avatAromAM bhagavAna viSNue svayaM manuSya svarUpamAM avatAra dhAraNa karI adharmane nAza karyo ane dharmanI sthApanA karI. bhagavAna viSNunA avatAromAMnA ekalA kRSNa avatAramAM ja emaNe potAnA janmathI mAMDI jIvananI aMtima ghaDI sudhI potAnI divya lIlAone pradarzita karatA rahI avatAranA prayajanane pUrNataH siddha karyuM. zrIkaNunA avatAra ane emanI bALa lIlAonuM varNana harivaMza purANu, viSNu purANa, bhAgavata purANu. ane brahmavaivarta purANamAM vistArathI maLe che. zrIkRSNanI bALalIlAomAM sahuthI vadhu vAra ullekha kAliyamadana ane govardhanadhAraNane thayele che. gujarAtamAM maMdiranI chatamAM kAliyamananuM mahattvapUrNa svarUpe pradarzita karAyeluM jovA maLe che. emAM oDadara(tA. porabaMdara ji, jUnAgaDha), vaMthalI(ji. junAgaDha), maNuMda(tA. pATaNa, ji. mahesANA), aMbAsaNa, bhImAsaNa (ji. mahesANA) ane mUlamAdhavapura (saurASTra) temaja bhe, je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda ane junAgaDha myujhiyamamAM rajU thayela kaliyamananuM svarUpa atre ullekhanIya che. oDadaramAM navamI sadInA viSNu maMdiranA dvAramaMDapanI chatamAM kAliyamardananuM zi95 kaMDAreluM che.' ema kRSNanI mukhAkRti bAla svarUpanI nahIM paraMtu praDha svarUpanI jaNAya che. mastake ki mukuTa, gaLAmAM kaMThahAra ane mastaka pAchaLa prabhAmaMDaLa dekhAya che. dvibhUja kRSNa vRddha kAlIya nAganI phaNA para vIrAsanamAM virAjamAna che. zrIkRSNane jamaNe hAtha kadaMba vRkSanI DALa para che ane DAbo hAtha kAlIyanI uNu upara rAkhele che. kAlIya vRddha dekhAtA mAnavanA rUpamAM rajU thayela che ane aMjali mudrAmAM che. baMne bAju traNa traNa ema cha nAgaNIo kRSNane prArthanA karatI darzAvAI che. kAliyamananuM A sahuthI prAcIna zilpAMkana hovAnuM jaNAya che. vaMthalI (ji. jUnAgaDha)mAMnI bANa vAvamAM 10mI sadInuM kAliyamardananuM zilpa kaMDAreluM che. ahIM paNa kRSNanuM svarUpa prauDha mAnavanA jevuM lAge che. emAM kRSNa caturbhuja darzAvAyA che. upalA jamaNA hAthathI prAya: kadaMbanI DALane pakaDI hoya tevuM lAge che. nIcalA jamaNe hAthamAM khatra spaSTa jaNAya che. upale DAbo hAtha tUTele che, jyAre nIcalA DAbA hAthamAM cakra che. kAliyanuM svarUpa vRddha darzAvAyuM che ane teo aMjali mudrAmAM beThelA che. 3 maNuMda(tA. pATaNuM, ji. mahesANA)mAM nArAyaNa maMdiranI chatamAM kAliyamardananuM IsavI sananI 11 mI sadIna zipa upalabdha che. ahIM kRSNa caturbhuja darzAvAyA che ane emanuM svarUpa prauDha * bhAratIya itihAsa anusaMdhAna pariSadanA posTa DokaTarala risarca phelo. 164] [sAmIpya : kaTobara, '87thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #36
A kAraNasara saMvAde hamezAM anicchanIya nathI. A prakAranI pratIti AnaMde A saMvAdanA traNa prakAra tathA tenI TUMkI samIkSAmAM ApaNane karAvI che. have ApaNe A traNa prakAro TUMkamAM samajI laIe. AnaMda kahe che : tatra pUrvamananyAtma tucchAtma tadanantaram / tRtIyaM tu prasiddhAtma nAnyasAmyaM tyajetkaviH / / tatra pUrva pratibimbakalpaM kAvyavastu parihartavyaM sumatinA / yatastadananyAtma tAttvikazarIrazUnyam / tadanantaramAlekhyaprakhyamanyasAmyaM zarIrAntarayuktamapi tucchAtmatvena tyattavyam / tRtIyaM tu vibhinna kamanIyazarIrasadbhAve sati sasaMvAdamapi kAvyavastu na tyaktavyaM kavinA / na hi zarIrI zarIriNAnyena sadRzo'pyeka eveti zakyate vaktum / (1) nAma - abhinava A prathama prakArano saMvAda A rIte samajAve che ananyaH pUrva nibandhakAvyAdAtmA svabhAvo yasya tadananyAtma yena rUpeNa bhAti, tata prAkkavispRSTameva yathA yena rUpeNa pratibimbaM bhAti, tena rUpeNa bimbamevaitam / tatkIdRzaMmityatrAha - tAttvikazarIrazUnyamiti / na hi tena kiJcidapUrvamutprekSitaM pratibimbamadhyevameva / arthAta "pUrve jenI racanA thaI che tenAthI ja nathI AtmA eTale ke svabhAva jene, te ananyAtma je rUpe (kAvya) pratIta thAya che te AgalA kavi dvArA rajU karAyuM ja che, jema ke je rIte pratibiMba pratIta thAya che. e rUpe ja A bimba che. paraMtu te svayaM kevuM hoya che te bAbata kahe che-tAtvika zarIrathI rahita. e (navA kavie) kazuM ja apUrva (ApavAnI) ujhekSA nathI karI, pratibiMba paNa tevA ja prakAranuM hoya che." artha A pramANe thaze. kAvyamAM badhI daSTie eTaluM anukaraNa heAya ke eka kAvya moTA bhAge bIjAne samAne lAge; bIju kAvya judA zabdomAM hoya to paNa Ama bane, AnaMda vRttimAM Ane "pratibiMbane samAna kAvyavastu' kahe che ane tene tyAjya gaNe che. sAmAnya rIte, jemanI pratibhA ochI hoya tevA kavio AvuM anya uccatara kavionuM anukaraNa kare. dAkhalA tarIke azvaghoSanA keTalAka ko kAlidAsanA leko samAna lAge che. tyAM alpaSanA zloka pratibiMbaka95 che ane A kakSAmAM Ave che. bane che evuM ke ochI pratibhAthI anvita kavi, DI kahe che tema bhUte kahene ...vAghevInI upAsanA kare, na paNa kare ane moTA kavionuM anukaraNa kare, tyAre je kAvya sarjAya te anukaraNa rUpe mAtra hoya. AnaMdane anusaraNune virodha nathI, chatAM jyAM kevaLa anukaraNa hoya, bIju kazuM nahIM, tevI kAvyaracanA tyAjaya che. AvI bAbatamAM mULa kAvyanA anukaraNa kavine muzkela paDaze, te kare te paNa vAcakane rUcikara nahIM bane evo saMbhava che. Ama ana-anyAtma eTale pratibiMbatulya, eTale evuM kAvya jemAM anukaraNa karanAra kavinuM potAnuM vitta jovA na maLe, eka ane bIjA kAvya vacce judApaNuM na hoya, abhinave je artha karyo che temAM- zrI vipUrvamuvaMhitta prativizvamaveramevA e vidhAna mahatvapUrNa che. (2) mAyAvaravata - eka kAvya bIjA kAvyanA citra samuM lAge, navA kAvyane AkAra maLa kAvyanA citra jevo hoya te bIjA prakArano saMvAda. A prakAranuM kAvya prathama pratibiMbavata sAmIpya : oNkaTobara, '87thI mArca, 1988] [149 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #37
ananyAma kAvyanI tulanAe pramANamAM vadhu sAruM hoya che, kAraNa, mULa kAvyanA pratibiMbane badale kAvya citra samuM lAge temAM mULanuM anukaraNa te pradhAna che ja, chatAM temAM citrakAranI mAphaka ja kavinuM pitAnuM pratibhAjanya sarva nidAna a5 pramANamAM paNa Ave che. kAlidAse rAmAyaNa, vagerenuM je anukaraNa karyuM che te A kakSAmAM zekasapiyare karyuM che, chatAM potAnI anekhI kavipratibhAthI tene maMDita kaya" che. AmAMnuM keTaluMka A prakAramAM AvI zake. ""medhadata" nI racanA bAbata TIkAkAra mahilanAtha kahe che-sItat afta rAma0 sUnumasa je manasi nidhAya medhaseTelAM va: tavAn | arthAta "sItA pratyenA rAmanA hanumAna dvArA mokalelA (praNaya) saMdezane manamAM rAkhIne kavie "meghasa deza" nI racanA karI". A vAta sAcI hoya te paNa kAlidAsanuM "meghadUta' rAmAyaNanI prastuta kathAnuM citra nathI. AgaLa joIza te trIjA prakAramAM A kAvya Avaze. paraMtu "medhadUta" nI pAchaLa bIjAM aneka "caMdradata" vagere kAvya racAyAM che te paikI ghaNAM AnA citrAkAra samAM che. AmAM kavinI pratibhA mULanA anukaraNa chatAM potAnuM AgavuM keTaluMka umere che tethI tene citrakAra samuM kahI zakAya. citramAM mULane kSaNavAra mATe sAkAra karI devAnI kSamatA hoya ja che, ane tethI ja te zrIzaMkakano "citraturaganyAya" jANItuM che. citrakAranI potAnI kalAnI mAphaka koIkanuM anukaraNa karavA chatAM kAvyamAM kavinuM paNa kazuMka cokkasa pradAna maLe che. AthI Ane kevaLa pratibiMba samA kAvya karatAM AnaMda vadhu sAruM gaNe che. chatAM tene mate A kAvya tuchAtmaka che turachatmaka kahevAmAM AvyuM che tenAM be saMbhavita kAraNe gaNI zakAya: (1) mULanuM hArda jhAMkhuM chatAM navA kAvyamAM jovA maLe che. (2) kavi pita mULanA hArdane AdhIna che ane anukaraNane DhAMkI de teTalA pramANamAM pitAnI pratibhAthI ka9i5ta avanavA hAdathI maMDita karI zakI nathI. AthI vAstavamAM A prakAranuM kAvya paNa AnaMdane mate varyuM che. (3) suvita -eka kavi bIjA kavitA kAvyanA hArdanuM vastu-viSayanuM anukaraNa kare ane kAvyanI saMracanA, tenI Akati rIti, bhASA vagere kavinAM pitAnAM hoya, AnaMdane mate A prakAranuM anakaraNa AvakArya che. tAvika kahI zakAya evA A anukaraNamAM mAnavajIvananA zAzvata ane tethI purANuM chatAM sadAnavIna bhAvonI preraNA kavi bIjethI le che, tene saMskAre, na opa Ape ane sAthe tenA zarIrane potAnI rIte sAkAra kare zarIrI eTale AtmA eTale hArdanuM anukaraNa A rIte thAya te chatAM AmAM kavine vizeSa avakAza pitAnuM satva ApavA, jUnAne saMskArI temAM navI bhAta pADavAne rahe che. kRSNa caitanya kahe che tema It is this creativity, Rajashekhar points out, that enables the poet to obliterate the ordinary distinctions between flaws and excellences. The real poet transmutes flaws ihto excellences. The poetaster ruins his poetry even with what are usually recognised as excellence." rAmAyaNa" nI kathAmAM rAmanA sItA pratyenA anerA praNayane AdhAra laI bhavabhUtie "uttararAmacarita"nI racanA karI te A ja prakAranuM udAharaNa gaNuya. "rAmAyaNa" nI mAphaka " uttararAmacarita" mAM | rAmano sItA pratyeno praNaya kendragata che, chatAM e praNayakathAnuM hArda saMskArAyuM che ane navA 150] [sAmIpya : oNkaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #38
Acharya Shri Kailassagarsur Gyanmandir svarU5 tathA saMracanAmAM, jANe navA avatAre nATakamAM rajU thayuM che. AnaMda kahe che ke A prakAranA sAmyano tyAga na kare, na ja kara, Plagiarism viSe carcA karatAM "ensAIkalopIDiyA amerikA"mAM "However, the use of themes and ideas common to every educated man is considered inevitable, and is not plagiarism. The mere treatment of a subject identical with that dealt by someone else is not forbidden either". ema spaSTa jaNAvyuM. eka vadhu dAMta laIe to prAcIna kavioe gAyelA kRSNanA rAdhA pratyenA praNayanI kathAne AdhAre jayadeve "gItagoviMda" nI racanA karI, sUradAse hindImAM "bhramaragIta" nI. baMne racanAo A kakSAmAM Ave. kAlidAsanAM "raghuvaMza" ane tulasIdAsanuM amara kAvya "rAmacaritamAnasa" A ja prakAranAM kAvyo che. AnaMda spaSTatA kare che ke keIe paNa be AtmA samAna hoya to paNa kAvyamAM te sarvathA samAna hatAM nathI, te saMdarbhamAM sAcuM che. traNeya prakAromAM prathama karatA dvitIyamAM ane dvitIya karatAM tRtIyamAM, anukaraNa karanAra kavinI pitAnI AgavI, evI pratibhAnI zakti, sAtvikatA, maulikatA pragaTa thavAne vadhumAM vadhu avakAza che. saMvAdanuM trIjA prakAranuM sAmya tene mAnya che tethI tene jarA vigate AnaMda A rIte rajU kare che- Atmano'nyasya sadbhAve pUrvasthityanuyAyyapi / vastu bhAtitarAM tanvyAH zazicchAyamivAnanam // tattvasya sArabhUtasyAtmanaH sadbhAve'pyanyasya pUrvasthityanuyApi vastu bhAtitarAm / purANaramaNIyacchAyAnugRhItaM hi vastu zarIravatparAM zobhAM puSyati / na tu punarujatatvenAvabhAsate / tanvyA: zazicchAyamivAnanam / caMdranI AbhA dharAvatA suMdarInA mukhanI mAphaka anya koIka kAvyanAM hArda ane sauMdaryanI chAyA grahaNa karatI vakhate nUtana pravartita kAvyanuM saudarya vizeSa zobhe che. ahIM mahattva e bAbatanuM che ke caMdranI AbhA suMdarInA mukhamAM jovAmAM Ave che tenAthI mukha ja savizeSa dIpI UThe che. A ja rIte AgalAM kAbena hAnI chAvAnuM praha karanArA anugAmI kAvyamAM banI zake che. tura kakSAnA "zakuntalepAkhyAna" uparathI kAlidAse "zAkuntala" nI racanA karI ane uccatara kakSAnA "rAmAyaNa" nI preraNA laI tulasIdAse temanA "rAmacaritamAnasa" nuM sarjana karyuM A baMne temanI potapotAnI rIte A trIjA prakAranAM saMvAdamAM mUkI zakAya. A jagatamAM skUla ane sUkSma rIte je kaI ramyatA bharI che te aneka sahadone AkaSTa kare che ane tethI te koI eka ja kavinI milakata banI zakatI nathI. ramyatAnI chAyA tamAma kavio grahaNa kare, te pachI tenI rajUAta, sAkAratA, saudaryamaMDana vagere te dareka kavinI potapotAnI pratibhAne AdhIna che. AthI yogya ja rIte 4.4 mAM AnaMda kahe che. dRSTapUrvA api hyAH kAvye rasaparigrahAt / sarve navA ivAbhAnti madhumAsa iva drumAH / / ane A AkhI carcAne a te AnaMda kahe che te paNa tenI vidvattAnA pramANurUpa che? yadapi tadapi ramyaM yatra lokasya kiJcita sphuritamidamitIyaM buddhirabhya jjihIte / anugatamapi pUrvacchAyayA vastu tAdRk sukavirupanibadhnannindyatAM nopayAti / / vaLI ahIM e paNa noMdhapAtra che ke je kavio bIjA kavionuM ATaluM 5NuM anukaraNa karatA nathI. karavA IcchatA nathI, vApIna zata fNa siddhimata: nI mAphaka potAnI pUrI racanAne zarIrI sAmIpya : okaTobara, "87 thI mArca, 1988] [151 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #39
ane zarIra baMnene svAdhIna eTale ke pitAnI ja pratibhAne AdhIna rAkhavA mAge che, teo te uparanA trIjA prakAranA saMvAdane apanAvanArA kavio karatAM uccatara kakSAnA hoI zake e bAbata AnaMda spaSTa che. dekhAI AvatA hArdanA anukaraNathI mukta kAvyaracanA kaI rIte thaI zake ? A praznane pratyutara ApatAM AnaMda kahe che ke AmAM sAkSAt sarasvatI devI tene madada kare che. tenuM vidhAna che pratAyantAM vAco nimitavidyArthAmRtarasA na sAdaH kartavyo kavibhiranavadye svaviSaye / parasvAdAnecchAviratamanaso vastu sukaveH sarasvatyevaiSA ghaTayati yatheSTaM bhagavatI // . siddhahasta kavione arthAta, hadayamAMthI ApoApa jemane svataHsiddha rIte kuraNa thAya che. tevA kavione te vAstavamAM bIjAnuM grahaNa karavAnI vRtti ja hotI nathI; temane temane vA vyApAra ApoApa madada kare che. ahIM ema paNa sUcita che ke kadAca paNa siddhahasta kavione thoDuM ghaNuM paNa kaIkanuM ye anukaraNa karyuM hoya, to te vAstavamAM anukaraNa lAgatuM nathI; rasAsvAdakane, kAvyAsvAdakane AsvAdana samaye AvA saMbhavita anukaraNanI pratIti paNa thatI nathI. AnAM be kAraNe che (1) siddhahasta kavine AvI saMvAdanI vRtti hotI nathI, jarUriyAta paNa letI nathI. (2) chatAM Avo koI saMbhavita prabhAva teNe jhIlyo , ane tene teNe kAlidAsanI mAphaka RNa svIkAra karyo hoya te paNa tenI potAnI pratibhAnuM satva eTaluM ucca ane ujajavaLa hoya che ke tenAthI ja kAvyasamagranuM saudarya raMjita thayeluM hovAthI tenuM anukaraNa 5Na vilupta samuM banI jAya che. kAvyamAM saMvAdano svIkAra, tenA prakAro, tenAM Isita ane anIsinI A carcA viyo temaja siddhahasta kavio baMnene AvarI le che. AnaMda baMnenA saMvAdanI vAstavikatA svIkArI tenA bhedabheda paNa carce che. noMdhapAtra e che ke AvI spaSTa ane vAstavika carcA kaI paNa jANItA purogAmIe karI nathI. anugAmIo paikI hemacaMdra vageremAM A viSayanI carcA maLI Ave che. a.naMdanI prastuta viSayanI carcAne ApaNe pratinidhi carcA kahI zakIe. 152] [sAmIpya : eNkabara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #40
caMdranuM mUrtividhAna : purANa ane zilpazAstrIya graMthanA pariprekSyamAM kamalezakumAra cha, cokasI ka paurANika sAhitya tapAsatAM jaNAya che ke khAsa karIne matsyapurANa, viSNudharmottara purANa viSNupurANa ane agnipurANa e cAra purANuM caMdranuM mUrtividhAna varNave che. A paikI matsyapurANamAM judAM judAM sthaLoe caMdranuM mUrtividhAna A pramANe darzAvAyuM che : (ka) navagrahonI sAthe caMdranI pUjAnA saMdarbhamAM jaNAvAyuM che tema caMdranA zarIrane raMgata che. tene ta azvavALA veta ratha che. enA AbhUSaNane raMga paNa zveta che. tene be bAhu che ane te paikI ekamAM gadA ane bIjAmAM varadamudrA che, (kha) A pachI surya vagere grahonI gatinA varNana prasaMgamAM caMdanuM matavidhAne upara karatAM : DuMka bhinna rIte rajU thayuM che. ahIM jaNAvyA pramANe caMdra catubahu che, mahAtejasvI che, ane temanuM vAhana daza azva joDAyele be paiDAMvALo ratha che. (ga) A pachI eka ThekANe caMdranA rathanuM vigate varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. ahIM jaNAvyuM. che tema caMdrano ratha triA eTale ke traNa paiDAM dharAve che. vaLI enI baMne bAja, dakSiNa ane nAma pAzvamAM, azva joDAyelA che. ane raMga zukala che, ane temanI saMkhyA dasa che. A dasa azvonA nAma paNa ahIM ApyAM che, je A pramANe che : aja, tripatha, vRSa, vAjI, nara, haya, aMzumAna, saptadhAtu, hasa ane vyAamRga.' Ama ahIM noMdhapAtra bAbata e che ke eka ThekANe caMdranuM dvibhuja, to bIje ThekANe caturbhuja svarUpa batAvavAmAM AvyuM che. vaLI, emanA rathane eka ThekANe be paiDAMvALA te bIje ThekANe traNa piDAMvALe batAvyo che. A pachI mRti vidhAnazAstra tarIke paMkAyelA viSNudharmottara purANamAM jotAM tyAM caMdranA rUpanirmANa mATe A svataMtra adhyAya maLI Ave che.pa vaje karelI vividha devatAonA rUpanirmANa mATenI pRcchAnA saMdarbhamAM mAkaraDeye jaNAvyuM che tema caMdranuM zarIra &ta che, vastra paNa ta che. bAhucAra ane badhAM AbhUSaNothI bhUSita che. cAra hAtha paikI be hAthamAM sapheda kumuda(=piyaNuM) che. bIjA be hAthamAM zuM che, te ahIM spaSTa karyuM nathI. caMdranI pratimAnA dakSiNa pArzvamAM "kAMti ane vAma pAzvamAM zAbhA ne anupama rU5 bakSIne mUrtimaMta karavI, ema 5NuM ahIM jaNAvela che. sUryanA rAma pAmAM jema siMha ane vajAnuM cihna makavAmAM Ave che, tema ahIM caMdranA vAmapAzvamAM 'sihAMka mUkavA jaNAvyuM che. A pachI atyaMta rUpasaM5nna aThThAvIsa patnIonuM nirmANa karavuM. A aThThAvIsa patnIe, e azvinI bharaNI vagere nakSatra che. maka adhyApaka, je. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda sAmIpyaH oNkaTobara, 87 thI mArca, 1988] [153 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #41
ahIM viSNudharmottara purANamAM caMdranA rathanuM varNana karatAM matsyapurANane Azraya levAmAM Avyo lAge che. matsyapurANamAM caMdra rathanA dasa azvonAM nAma ApyAM che, tema ahIM paNa ApavAmAM AvyAM che. upaladha prakAzita viSNudharmottaranA pustakamAM ApelAM nAme karatAM matsyapurANanA caMdrarathanA azvonAM nAma vadhAre saMgata ane spaSTa che. viSNudharmottaramAM matsyapurANanA "aja'nI jagAe aja; tripathanI jagAe trimana, "vA"nI jagAe vAdI ane aMzumAnanI jagAe athavApha zabda vaparAyA che; jemane arthaghaTana vadhAre saMgata banatuM nathI. caMdrarathanA varNananI bAbatamAM viSNudharmottara purANanI vizeSatA e che ke ahI rathanA sArathina paNa khyAla ApavAmAM AvyuM che. viSNudharmottara pramANe caMdranA rathane sArathi "aMbara" che. " Ama matsyapurANamAM caMdranAM dvibAhu ane catubahu ema be svarUpo darzAvyAM hatAM, te paikI satabaha3 pato vigaNadharmottaramAM svIkAra thayo che. ane e rUpanirmANa aMgenI bAkInI vigate pADavAmAM AvI che. A pachI viSNupurANamAM upara mujaba caMdranA zarIranA raMga tathA vAhana vagerene nirdeza che, paNa ahIM caMdra dvibhuja che ke caturbhuja, e spaSTa nathI. viSNupurANa moTe bhAge matsyapurANamAM (prastuta lekhamAM (ga) mAM) ApelAM varUpane anusaratuM hoya, ema lAge che. AthI ja ahIM rathane traNa paiDAMvALo ane tenA azvo vAma ane dakSiNa pArzvamAM javA, evI spaSTatA karavAmAM AvI che. viSNupurANakAra caMdranA rathamAM yojAyelA azvone kuMdAbhA eTale ke megarAnA phUla jevA sapheda batAve che. A pachI agnipurANamAM jo ke caMdranuM mUrtividhAna atyaMta saMkSepamAM ApyuM che, chatAM enI vizeSatA e che ke te uparanAM badhAM purA karatAM javuM paDe che. (ahIM saMbhavataH caMdrane dvibhuja mAnIne) caMdranA be hAthamAM, ekamAM kaMDikA(kamaMDala) ane bIjAmAM japamALA batAvI che 6 caMdranAM vastra Ata ane vidyutyuMja jevAM camakadAra batAvyAM che. AthI vadhAre vigata ahIM daSTigocara thatI nathI. Ama paurANika sAhityamAM caMdrane kavacit dvibAhu te kavacit catubahu batAvela che. A pachI tenA zarIra, vastra, AbhUSaNa vagerenAM raMga, vAhana tathA vAhanamAM yojAtA azva ane enA raMga vagerenI bAbatamAM ahIM prAyaH samAnatA dekhAya che. alabatta, caMdranA rathane kavacita be paiDAMvALo to kavacita traNa pakAMvALe varNavyuM che, e; tathA hAthamAM mUkAyelI vastuomAM ahIM samAnatA nathI, e ullekhanIya che [2] paurANika sAhityamAM caMdranuM mUrtividhAna tapAsI have, zilpazAstranA svataMtra graMtho ane bIjA keTalAka dhArmika graMthamAM caMdranA rUpanirmANa viSenI vigate joIe. ahIM prathama te e khulAso karave joIe ke, je ke zilpazAstranA graMthe moTe bhAge te purANasAhityanuM avalaMbana kare che. chatAM e eka zAstra tarIke racAtAM hoI temanAM vidhAne kaMIka aMze saMpUrNa ane spaSTa hoya che, e hakIkata che. paurANika sAhityane pagale cAlIne abhilakSitArtha ciMtAmaNimAM caMdranuM svarUpa A pramANe, darzAvyuM che : "veta daza azvo yojelA spaMdana (=raya) upara ArUDha caMdranAM vastrota che. te dvibhuja che, dakSiNa hAthamAM pRSe darI gadA ane vAma hAthamAM varada(mudrA) dhAraNa kare che."10 154] [sAmIpya : okaTobara, "87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #42
devatAmRtiprakaraNa 11 rUpamaMDana 12 zi5ratnAkara13 vageremAM paNa AvuM ja rUpavidhAna jovA maLe che. uttaranI paraMparAne bhuvanadeva racita "aparAjita pRcchAmAnuM atividhAna paNa AvuM ja che, chatAM ahIM gadA tathA varadane badale bane hAthamAM kamaLa' mUkavAnuM sUcavela che, 14 e vizeSa che. hemAdrine caturvarga ciMtAmaNi' graMtha ahIM sauthI judA paDe che. ahIM viSNudharmottara purANumAMnA caMdranA mUrtividhAnane anurUpa caMdrane caturbAhu ane mahAtejasvI batAvI temanA be hAthamAM sitakumuda (=sapheda poyaNuM) karavA, sucana karyuM che. dasa azva joDAyelA caMdra rathanA ahIM be paiDAM svIkArAyAM che. 5 A pachI dakSiNanI draviDa zailInA zrIkumArakRta zilpara graMthamAM caMdranA be judAM judAM svarUpa rajU thayAM che. A be svarUpa navagrahonI sAthenAM che, jyAre A uparAMta soma(=caMdra)nuM eka svataMtra deva tarIkenuM rUpavidhAna paNa ahIM maLI Ave che. 14 navagrahanI sAthe je be judA judA svarUpa che, te paikI eka abhiSitArthaciMtAmaNi vagere pUrvanirdiSTa graMthane maLatuM Ave che, jyAre bIju thoDaka ja paDe che. te e rIte ke ahIM caMdranA be hAtha paikI eka vAma hAtha, vAma U2( = jAMgha) tarapha namele ane bIjA eTale ke dakSiNa hAthamAM abhayamudrA rAkhavAnuM jAvela che.17 A ja ziparAmAM eka bIje ThekANe soma( = caMdra)nuM rUpa darzAvatAM kahyuM che tema "caMdra kamaLamAM beThela che. mukha prasanna che. hAthamAM varada ane kumuda dhAraNa karyA che. cAruhAra (suMdara-manahara hAra) vagerethI AbhUSita che, ane sphaTika-cAMdI jevo temane vaNuM che."18 A rIte ahIM upayukta rUpavidhAnamAM caMdrane eka hAtha paga( = jadhA) tarapha DhaLate batAvI ane ahIM bIjA rUpamAM caMdrane kamalAsanastha batAvyA hovAthI A banne bAbato, uparanA tamAma graMtha karatAM judI paDe che, e noMdhavuM joIe. aMzumabhedAga makArane paNa caMdranuM dvibhuja svarUpa mAnya che. paraMtu ahIM somane siMhAsana upara AsIna batAvyA che, e navInatA che. Adhunika zilpazAstromAM prasiddha zrI prabhAzaMkara samaparAe emanA "bhAratIya zilpasaMhitA' nAmanA pustakamAM caMdranuM vAhana "siMha" paNa svIkAryuM che, tene AdhAra saMbhavataH A aMzamadabhedAgama hoya, ema jaNAya che. A uparAMta keTalIka navIna bAbate paNa A graMtha pUrI pADe che. ahIM caMdratA mukhanI pharate prabhAmaMDaLa karavAnuM ane tenI AsIna la) ke sthita(=UbhI) pratimA karavAnuM sUcavAyela che. vaLI, senAne ya pavIta karavAnuM paNa ahIM jaNAvyuM che.19 A pachI "IzAna zivagurudevapaddhati' jevA pUjA paddhatinA graMthamAM upara pramANe caMdrane dibhuja svIkArI, A ja dibhuja caMdranAM be judAM judAM rUpa ApyAM che. te paikI ekamAM caMdranA bane) hAthamAM paDyA che, jyAre bIju rU5 gadAdhara eTale ke hAthamAM gadA dharAve che. 20 rIte zilpazAstranA graMthono abhyAsa karatAM jaNAya che ke ahIM caMdranuM dibhuja svarUpa sarvamAnya rahyuM che. paurANika sAhityamAM varNita caMdranA caturbAhu ke caturbhuja svarUpane ahIM ochuM svIkAravAmAM AvyuM che. dasa veta avaLe ratha ahIM vAhana tarIke che, paNa enA dvicakra ke tricakrano vivAda nathI. caMdranA hAthamAM vilasatI vastuomAM ("zi9paratna" mAMnA eka svarUpane bAda karatAM) prAyaH pA, kumuda, gadA ke varadamudrA e cAra paikInI vastuone sau svIkAra kare che, je paurANika sAhityanI sAthe saMgata che. Ama chatAM zi5ratna tathA aMzumadabhedAgama e be graMthe caMdrane anukrame kamalAsanastha sAmIpyaH ekabara, '87 thI mArca, 1988] [155 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #43
ane siMhAsanA sIna kahIne, caMdra svarUpamAM eka navuM ja vidhAna umere che. Ama paurANika sAhityane zipazAstra anusaraNa karatuM hovA chatAM keTaleka aMze e juduM paDe che, te svIkAravuM joIe. pAdaTIpa 1. matsyapurANa, AnaMdAzrama saMskaraNa, adhyA. 4, zlo. 2 2. ejana, adhyA0 125, zlo. 8 3. trickrobhyto'shvshn...| ejana, adhyA0 126, zlo. 48 . 4. ajazca tripathazcaiva vRSo vAjI naro hayaH / aMzumAn saptadhAtuzca haMso vyomamRgastathA // ejana, adhyA0 126, zlo. 52 5. viSNudharmottarapurANa, (saMpA. priyabAlA zAha), bhA. 3, vaDodarA, 1958; adhyA0 68 1. dvicakro'mbarasArathiH / ejana, 68, 74 7. viSNupurANa, aMza-2, adhyA0 12, zlo. 1, gorakhapura 8. kuNDikAjapyamAlIMnduH / agnipurANa, AnaMdAzrama saMskaraNa, 1900, adhyA0 51, zlo. 11 4. ejana, 300, 95 10. abhilaSitArthacintAmaNi, saM. Do. Ara. zAmAzAstrI, mAyasora, 1926, zlo. 863-864 11. devatAmUrtiprakaraNa, saM. upendra mohana, 1936, kalakattA, pR. 69 (zlo. 47-48) 12. rUpamaDana, adhyA0 2, zlo. 20-24 13 zilparatnAkara, (prakA. somapurA, narmadAzaMkara), 1939, dhrAMgadhrA; pR. 415 14. somaH kamalahastaH / aparAjitapRcchA, vaDodarA, 1950; pR. 547-548 15. caturvargacintAmaNi, bra. khaM, adhyA0 1, pR. 149-50 11. draSTavya, zilparatna bhAga-2, (saM. sAmbaziva zAstrI), 1929, trivendrama, pR. 172-173 17. vAmorunyattavAmakaralasitAH / aprkraabhymudraa......| ejana, pR. 173 18. vimalakamalasaMsthaH suprasannAnanendurbaradakumudahastazcAruhArAdibhUSa / ejana, pR. 156 19. prabhAmaMDalasaMyukto...AsIno vA sthito vaapi...hemyjnyopviitaanggH...|| aMzumadbhedAgama, paTala-49 (yani; Elements of Hindu Iconograpy; Rao Gopinatha, Varanasi; 1971, Vol. I, Part II; P 93.] 20. IzAnazivagurudevapaddhatiH, (saM. TI. gaNapati zAstrI, 1922, trivendrama; bhAga 3; pR. 101 (paTala 12) 156] [sAbhAcya : yomara, '87 yA bhAya", 1688 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #44
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra lokokti alakAra pI. yu. zAsrI * zabdo kAvyazarIranAM ghaTaka tattvA hoya che. tevI ja rIte rUDha prayogA paNa kAvyanI rajUAtane AkarSaka banAvanArAM tattvA che lekavyavahAramAM paNa AvA rUDha prayogo calaNI jovA maLe che, kAraNa ke tenAthI vaktAnA muddo asarakAraka rIte rajU thaI zake che. Ama rUDha prayogA athanI abhivyakti athavA sUcanA sArI rIte karI zake che. bhASAmAMnI keTalIka kahevato paNa rUDha prayogeAnA jevI ja hoya che. AvI keTalIka kahevA ane rUDha prayogA kAvyanI zAbhA vadhAratAM hovAthI alakAra kahI zakAya. leka vyavahAramAM pracakSita AvA rUDha prayogA ane kahevata saikAothI jANItAM hovA chatAM tene leAkeAkti alaMkAra' kahI svataMtra alaMkArane darajjo ApavAnuM kAryAM aya dIkSite peAtAnA 'kuvalayAna'mAM sa prathama meDe meDe karyu che. For Private and Personal Use Only potAnA 'kuvalayAnanda'mAM appaya dIkSite leAkeAkti alakArane sava" prathama svataMtra alaMkAra gaNyA che. lokokti alakAranI aya dIkSite ApelI vyAkhyA A pramANe che. jyAM lekAmAM jANItI uktinuM anukaraNa karavAmAM Ave tyAM lekokti alaMkAra thAya che."... Ama leAkamAlImAM jANItI ukti leAkeAkti ala'kAra race che, kAraNa ke tenAmAM kAvyasaudaya` rahelu che. appayadIkSite lokokita alaMkAranI vyAkhyA ApyA pachI leAkeAkti alaMkAranAM be udAharaNA ApyAM che. AmAMthI pahelA udAharaNamAM eka virahI vyaktine cAra mahinA vadhu sahena karI levAnI vAta karavAmAM AvI che. A udAharaNu mahAkavi kAlidAsanA khaMDakAvyamAM meghadUtanI yAda Ape che. kAraNa ke me%0dUta khaDakAvyamAM yakSa yakSapatnIne vadhu cAra mahinA AkhA mIcIne" sahana karavAnI bhalAmaNa kare che; tyAM ja 'toSane mIyitvA' e lekamAM jANItI ukti rajU karavAmAM AvI che. tene ja paDagheA appaya dIkSitanA leAkAkti ala kAranA prathama udAharaNamAM ApaNane saMbhaLAya che. e dRSTie jotAM medhadUtanI pragADha asara ahIM aya dIkSite jhIlI che ema kaheva mAM kazA vAMdhe nathI. ahI' AMkhe mIcIne' evI leAkAmAM pracalita uktine rajU karavAmAM AvI hovAthI suMdara leAkeAkti alaMkAra thayA che. evI ja rIte appaya dIkSite ApeluM khIjuM udAharaNa4 pazu temaNe racelA varadarAjastava'nAmanA stotrakAvyate| zloka che. temAM varadarAja varadAnamudrA dhAraNa karatA nathI, kAraNa ke varadarAja nAma ja varadAnanI vAta sUcave che. tene spaSTa karavA mATe evI leAkeAkti rajU thaI che ke brAhmaNu hovAnI sAbitI mATe jateAI paherelI batAvavI e jagatamAM khUba jANItA brAhmaNakuLamAM janma lenArane mATe jarUrI nathI." A lekti alaMkAranI sAdAharaNa vyAkhyA sarva prathama ApavAnuM mAna appaya dIkSitane phALe jAya che. aya dIkSita leAkeAkti ala kArane svataMtra alaMkAra mATe che. adhyakSa, sa MskRta vibhAga, ela. DI. ArTsa kaoNleja, amadAvAda sAmIpya : kaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988] [157

Page #45
aya dIkSita pachI devazaMkara lekekti alaMkArane svIkAranArA bIjA AlaMkArika AcArya che, lokokti alaMkAranI apuSya dIkSite ApelI vyAkhyApa ja devazaMkare zabdazaH svIkArI che. eTale vyAkhyAnI bAbatamAM appaya dIkSitanuM RNa devazaMkare svIkAryuM che. paraMtu udAharaNanI bAbatamAM devazaMkare paNa apanI jema maulika udAharaNa leketi alaMkAra mATe ApyuM che. devazaMkare ApelA udAharaNamAM pitAnI khAnagI vAta duSTane kahIne pAchaLathI pastAI rahelA manuSyane tene mitra jaNAve che ke "hAtha vaDe peTa coLIne teNe zULa utpanna karyuM che. ahIM peTa coLIne zULa upajAvavuM' evI lekapracalita ukti ApavAthI leketi alaMkAra thayo che. phalata:, lokekti alaMkAranA eka maulika udAharaNane rajU karavA sivAya appaya dIkSitathI AgaLa vadhI devazaMkarane kazuM ja kahevAnuM nathI. devazaMkara pachI kuNu kavie lekokti alaMkAra svIkAra pitAnA maMdAramacaMdacaMpUmAM karyo che. kRSNa kavie lekekti alaMka ranI vyAkhyA apaya dIkSitane anusarIne ApI che. paraMtu A kRSNa kavie devazaMkaranI jema le kekti alaMkAranuM udAharaNa maulika ApyuM che. Ama chatAM temAM rahelI "Akho mIcIne e lokomAM pracalita ukti to kRSNa kavie kAlidAsa ane a5ya dIkSite ApelI pracalita lokoktine ja svIkArI che. AthI udAharaNamAM paNa kRSNa kavie aya dIkSitanuM RNu ja svIkAryuM che. pariNAme kRSNakavine paNa lokokti alaMkAranI bAbatamAM appaya dIkSitathI AgaLa vadhI kazuM ja kahevAnuM nathI ! saMkSepamAM apAya dIkSitane phALo leke kti alaMkArane kSetre atyaMta agatyanuM che. alaMkArikoe karelI A lokokti alaMkAranI carcA jotAM ema kahI zakAya ke meDe moDe rUDha prayogo ane kahevata jevAM lekavyavahAramAM calaNI banelA vAkaye paNa kAvyanI zobhA vadhAre che e vAtano svIkAra thayo che. AvA rUDha prayogo ane kahevato kAvyamAM sUcaka ane asarakAraka rajUAta kare che. tethI lokokti alaMkAramAM kAvyasaudarya raheluM hoya che. jokekti kyAreka vyaMgyAthaMvALI, to kyAreka jIvananA anubhavanA navanItavALI hoya che. aMgrejI vagere vividha bhASAomAM AvA rUDha prayogo ane kahevata dharAvatI bhASAne zobhAvALI bhASA mAnavAmAM Ave che e vAta lokokti alaMkArane mAnanArAone khUba svAbhAvika jaNAya temAM kazI navAI nathI. eTale tamAma bhASAomAM A alaMkAra AdarapAtra bane che. chelle, leketi alaMkArane svataMtra alaMkAra tarIke svIkAravo joIe, kAraNa ke arthAntaranyAsa alaMkAramAM samarthya samarthakabhAva hoya che, jyAre lekekita alaMkAramAM tene abhAva hoya che. dRSTAMta ane nidarzana jevA alaMkAromAM dAkhale ApavAnI vAta mukhya hoya che, jyAre leketi alaMkAramAM tene abhAva hoya che. vaLI vakaeNkti alaMkAramAM zliSTa artha ke kAku hoya che tene lekekti alaMkAramAM abhAva hovAthI A alaMkArane vaoNkti alaMkAramAM samAvI zakAya nahIM. evI ja rIte che kokti alaMkAramAM lokapti alaMkArane samAvI na zakAya, kAraNa ke chekekita alaMkAramAM kavine viziSTa abhiprAya rahelo hoya che ke jeno abhAva kekti alaMkAramAM hoya che. vyAkti , gUDhakti tathA vikti alaMkAromAM kazuMka chUpAvavAnI vAta hoya che ke je vAta lekokti alaMkAramAM nathI. tethI lokoktine judo alaMkAra mAnavo ghaTe. chelle, nirukti alaMkAramAM zabdanA bIjA yaugika arthanI vAta hoya che, jyAre lekekti alaMkAramAM tevI vAta na hovAthI nirukti alaMkAramAM lekokti alaMkArane samAvI zakAya. phalata:, lekokti alaMkArane svataMtra alaMkAra tarIke svIkAravo joIe. anusaMdhAna pRSTha-16 3] 158] [sAmIpya : oNkaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #46
zivavivAhane lagatI gujarAtamAMthI prApta be virala pratimAo --pravINacaMdra parIkha * zivavivAha devAnA vivAhamAM anokhI bhAta pADe che. vastuta: ziva sivAya koI anya devatAnAM lagna viSe kayAMya purANamAM ke bIjA zAstrIya graMthomAM nirUpaNa maLad A ziva-vivAhanuM mUrtividhAna purANa uparAMta zilpazAstromAM paNa apAyuM che. skaMda purANa, ziva mahApurANa, aMzumabhedAgama, pUrvakAraNagama, uttara-kAmikAgama ane zrItattanidhi jevA graMthamAM ziva-pArvatInA lagna-prasaMgane "kalyANa saMdara' tarIke oLakhAvyuM che. hiMdu mUrtAividhAnanA mUrdhanya vidvAna zrI TI. gopInAtha rA temanA Elements of Hindu Iconography nAmanA prasiddha pustakamAM AvI sAta mUtio varNavI che, jemAMnI eka IlerAmAM ane eka dhArApurI(eliphanTA)nI prasiddha che. gujarAtamAM pAvAgaDhamAMnI A svarUpanI eka mUtino ullekha zrI ka. bhA dave ane De. u. ke. zAhe kareluM che, paraMtu teoe enuM varNana ApyuM nathI. ahIM pAvAgaDhanI e mRti uparAMta amadAvAdamAM paNa eka A prakAranI mUrtinI jANakArI anAyAsa prApta thatAM e baMnenuM ahIM avalekane pragaTa karavAmAM Ave che. AmAM pAvAgaDhanA zi955 ( citra-2 )nuM abhidhAna zrI ka. bhA. dave ane zrI u. ke. zAhe kalyANa suMdara mUrti tarIke kayuM che, paraMtu A zi95nuM avalekana karatAM emAMno prasaMga pANigrahaNano nahi paNa pANigrahaNa pachInI vidhi darzAvate jaNAya che. A zi5 pAvAgaDhanA lakulIza maMdiranA vADAmAM chUTuM paDeluM che. A zipane phoTogrApha upalabdha karavA mATe amerikana InsTiTayUTa oNpha inDiyana sTaDIjha, vArANasIne huM AbhArI chuM. ziva vivAhane lagatA A zi95mAM zivanI DAbI bAjue pArvatI UbhAM che. ziva samabhegamAM ane pArvatI tribhaMgamAM ubhelAM che. ziva caturbhuja che, jyAre pArvatI dvibhUja che. zive jamaNA upalA hAthamAM trizUla (jene upara bhAga khaMDita che) ane DAbA upalA hAthamAM nAga dhAraNa karela che. teo DAbA nIcalo hAtha vaDe pArvatIne AliMgana Ape che. zivane jamaNe nIcale hAtha ane pArvatInA baMne hAtha, Ama traNeya hAtha vaDe koI vastu dhAraNu karela che. emAM zivane hAtha upara ane pArvatInA hAtha enI nIce rAkhela che. ziva ane pArvatInA jAnu para thaIne pasAra thatuM vara-kanyAnuM cheDA-gAMThaNuM spaSTapaNe joI zakAya che. ziva ane pArvatInA paganI vaccethI dekhAtA gALAmAM brahmA virAsanamAM besIne hAma karatA jovA maLe che. temanAM trimukha spaSTa dekhAya che. temanI saMmukha nAnuM sarakhuM corasa ghATanuM dipAtra rAkheluM che, jemAM teo jamaNu upalA hAthamAM dhAraNa karelA sUva vaDe Ahuti ApI rahyA che. temano jamaNe nIcale hAtha aspaSTa che. jyAre DAbA upalA hAthamAM pustaka ane DAbe nIcale hAtha hRdaya AgaLa rAkhIne jANe ke teo Ahutio gaNatA hoya e prakArano bhAva darzAve che. temanA hAthamAM akSamAlA che ke nahi te spaSTa thatuM nathI. * adhyakSa, je. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda sAmIpya : kaTobara, '87thI mArca, 1988] [159 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #47
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra zivanA jamaNA paga pAse je che. emAM tu ja viSNuneA jamaNeA viSNunA jamaNA upalA hAthamAM gadA, saMbhavataH zaMkha dhAraNa karela che. nAnI beThelI AkRti najare paDe che te viSNunI hovAnu jaNAyuM nIcalA hAtha AzIrvAda mudrAmAM che, je prasagane anurUpa che. DAbA upalA hAthamAM puSpa (kamaLa) ane DAbhA nIcalA hAthamAM pArvatInA DAbA paga pAse je AkRti vIrAsanamAM beThelI che, te mRgavAdakanI che. A mRgavAdaka potAnA baMne hAtha vaDe naradhA-nakhalAnI jema be alaga-alaga mRgAne vagADI rahyo che. ahIM hAma karatA brahmA, / , AzIrvAda ApatA viSNu, ziva-pArvatIne saMyukta karatuM kheDA gAMThaNuM tema ja pAtI dvArA potAnA baMne hAtha vaDe ziva dvArA apAtI vastune svIkAra A badhAnA samagra rIte vicAra karatAM A prasaMga ziva-pArvatInuM pANigrahaNa thaI gayA pachI ziva dvArA pAva'tIne ApatA siMdUra pAtranA sUcaka hovAnuM anumAnI zakAya che. zive adheAvasra tarIke mRgaca dhAraNa karela che. temanA matake cUDAmaNiyukta jaTAmukuTa, kAnamAM suvarNanAM bhAre kuMDala, gaLAmAM hAMsaDI (hikkAsUtra), karavalaya, sapA bAjubadha, mauktikanI kaTimekhalA, UrudAma, be paga vacce laTakatI kaTimekhalAnI sere| ane pagamAM pAdAlaka dhAraNu karela che. jyAre pAtInA mastaka para viziSTa prakAranI kezaracanA jovA maLe che. sethe pADI UbhA eLelA vALanA uparanI bAju baMdha bAMdhI tene cUDAmaNi ane suvarNAlaMkArathI suzobhita karela che, jyAre bAkI rahelA vALanA pAchaLanI bAju gALa bheDA laI tene DAbA khabhA para jhUlA rAkhela che. e akhADAne phUlamALAthI sajAvela che. pAtIe kuMDala, grIvA, hikkAsUtra, pralaMbAra ke maMgaLasUtra, karavalaya, bAjubaMdha, kaTimekhalA, U udAma, pAradarzIka cUsta adhAvastra ane pagamAM pAdAlaka dhAraNu karela che. pAvatInuM mukha ghasAyelu che. viSNu ane vAdaka ane AkRtinI pAchaLa lagnanI cerInA traNa-traNa dhaDA spaSTa najare paDe che. Ama samagra Alekhata, sapramANu deharacanA ane vALa temaja alakArAnI racanA zailInI dRSTie A virala pratimA I. sa. nI 11 mI sadInA pahelA caraNamAM dhaDAI heThavAnuM pratIta thAya che. amadAvAdanu ziva vivAha ke pAva tI-pariNuyanuM Alekhana karatuM suMdara zilpa (citra-3) 1956mAM jUnI TelIgrApha ophisa pAsenI bhadranA killAnI jUnI dIvAlamAMthI maLI AvyuM hatuM. A zilpa hAla amadAvAdanA zAhIbAgamAM zrI guNava'ta maMgaladAsanA aMgata saMgrahamAM surakSita che. A zilpA phoTogrApha zrI vasaMta gupte(bhadra vistAranA sAmAjika kAya kara)e rU| pADayo che tenI atre sAbhAra noMdha lauM chuM. kalyANusuMdara mUrti svarUpanI A pratimA upaCkta pAvAgaDhanA zilpanI para parAne vyakta kare che. pAvAgaDhanA zilpamAM lagnamaMDapa mATe karelI cerImAM traNa-traNa ku Mbha mUkelA che, jenA ahIM pUNu vikAsa najare paDe che. ahI' baMne bAju cAra-cAra kaLaza U'cI pIThikA para geAThavIne UtaraDa banAvI che, jenA TAcanA kaLaza para haMsanI AkRti beThelI daSTigocara thAya che . uparanA bhAgamAM adha vartuLAkAre Amra-pallavanAM tAraNanI racanA karelI che. Ama kaLaza ane AmrapallavanAM raNuthI khanelA maMDapamAM ziva-pArvAMtI tribhaMgamAM UbhelAM che. ahIM zivanA mastake UMcA jAmukuTa, kAnamAM vAsukI sa`nAM kuMDala, lalATamAM trIjuM netra hovAnI nizAnI spaSTa najare paDe che. zivanA gaLAmAM sutraNa' hikkAsUtra, uparAMta skaMdha-baMdha ane [ [sAmIpya : oNkaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #48
For Private and Personal Use Only anh ARABAYA og de (dajme nga su SEINNAABI.E IIA. d 28 1, HIJWL C 10 A TUGU AJ J 7AUT * PF+UA*Addushw-21 ioPS gY=C/KV{4,\>> 28 J ejak Az yas de Hader? 017 We ne esde Haj?? 248 citra 1 maitraka rAjA dharasena 2jAnu. saradAra paTela myujhiyama tAmrapatra [ samajUtI mATe jue A aMkamAM hariprasAda zAstrI ane bhAratI zelatanA lekha ] saujanya (phATAgrApha) - saradAra va. paTela myujhiyama, surata

Page #49
$43. { citra 2 kalyANa suMdara mUrti, pAvAgaDha [ samajutI mATe juo A aMkamAM pravINacaMdra parIkhane lekha] saujanya phoTogrApha) - amerikana insTiTyUTa opha InDiyana sTaDIjha, vArANasI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #50
ba.JS, I'l citra3pAvatI - pariNayanuM Alekhana karatuM zilpa, amadAvAda [ samajUtI mATe jue A aMkamAM pravINacaMdra parIkhanA lekha ] saujanya (phATAgrApha) - zrI vasaMta gupte, amadAvAda

Page #51
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra - pa.po * - For Private and Personal Use Only paN www.kobatirth.org : raka dat? I I ! Siii - * tA. citra 4 kAliyamardana, mAdhavapura (saurASTra) [ samajUtI mATe juo A aMkamAM haripriyA raMgarAjanane lekha] ( bleka je. je. vidyAbhavana) citra 5 kalki, rANIvAva, pATaNa [ samajUtI mATe juo A aMkamAM bAlAjI gaNorakarane lekha ] saujanya (phoTogrApha) bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa ane amerikana InsTiTyUTa opha InDiyana sTaDIjha, vArANasI Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir

Page #52
bAjubaMdha dRSTigocara thAya che. temaNe kamara para zaMku ghATane kaTibaMdha bAMdhe che. temanA uttarIyanA cheDA baMne bAju laTakatA joI zakAya che. zive DAbA hAthamAM DamaruM dhAraNa karyuM che. devI pArvatI dilaMgamAM UbhAM che. teoe paganI pIMDI sudhInI saphara cha sADI paherI che. eka lAMbu uttarIya temanA khabhA parathI pasAra thaI ne ghUMTaNa sudhI pahoMce che. temanI kezaracanA uparyukta pAvAgaDhanI pArvatInI kezaracanAnI jema be bhAgamAM arthAta mastaka para jaTAjuTa tarIke ane mastakanI pAchaLa aMboDA svarUpe DAbA khabhA para rahela najare paDe che. maukika kuMDala, kaMThamAM mauktika hAra, padayukta pralaMbahAra, mauktika keyUra, mauktika kaMdoro ane pagamAM pAdavalaya daSTigocara thAya che. devIe potAnA DAbA hAthamAM phaLa dhAraNa karyuM che. zive pANigrahaNa mATe pitAne jamaNe hAtha laMbAvIne pArvatIne jamaNo hAtha grahyo che. AmAM pANigrahaNa karate zivano hAtha spaSTapaNe nIce jovA maLe che. pArvatInuM Alekhana ahIM pUrNa yauvanA tarIke thayuM che. 9 ziva ane pArvatInI vacce paga pAse eka nIcA kadanA gaNanI AkRti dekhAya che. ene DAbe hAtha khaMDita che ane jamaNa hAtha vaDe te kaI vAjiMtra vagADI rahyo che. vara ane kanyAnA mastaka vacce je vAmAvatta kATakoNa AkRti jovA maLe che te svastikanA nIcalA bhAganI sUcaka che. zivanI pAchaLa Ubhela dvibhUja akRti potAnA DAbA upalA hAtha vaDe kaI vAjiMtra vagADI rahI che. emAM vAjiMtranA keTalAka bhAga khaMDita thayela che. AkAra paratve e vAjiMtra che jaNAya che. A divya AkRtinA jamaNuM hAthamAM karatAlanI joDI spaSTa najare paDe che. A akRtie zaiveyaka, hiMkAsUtra, pralaMbahAra, kaMDala, mauktika keyUra ane mauktika valaya dhAraNa karelAM che. TUMkI dhotI ane nAnuM uttarIya paNa daSTigocara thAya che. AkRtine mastakane tema ja DAbA hAthane keTaleka bhAga khaDita ane khavAyela che. tema chatAM mastaka para UMcI thayelI zikhA dhAraNa karate jaTAjUTa spaSTa varatAya che. emanA jamaNA khabhA para lAMbI jhoLI laTakI rahI che. A AkRtine sAdhu jevo dekhAva jotAM te prasiddha RSi nAradanI hevAnuM anumAna thaI zake. skaMda purANamAM maLatA varNana anasAra ziva-pArvatInA vivAha prasaMge nAradajI hAjara hatA. banyuM hatuM emake pArvatInA pitA himAlaye zivane temanuM gotra ane kulanI mAhitI pUchI tyAre e sAMbhaLIne prasanna mukha ziva udAsa thaI vicAramAM paDI gayA. AvI rIte deva, RSi, gaMdharva, muni ane siddhoe pUchayuM ane zivane niruttara jotAM teo hasavA lAgyA, tyAre brahmAnA putra nArada vINA vagADavA lAgyA. parvatarAje nAradane e vakhate vINuM vagADatAM rokaLyA. tyAre nArade kahyuM, 'tame zivanA gotra ane kula bAbata pUchyuM hatuM, te temanuM gotra ane kula "nAda" che ane tethI huM vINA vagADIne nAda utpanna kare chuM.' A rIte nArade zivapakSe zivanAM gotra ane kula vize vakIlAta karI hatI. ziva mahApurANamAM 5Na u5yukta prasaMgane anurU5 varNana maLe che. 1 da purANa ane ziva mahApurANunA ullekhonA anusaMdhAnamAM jotAM nAradanI A prasaMge upasthiti hatI ema jaNAya che ane amadAvAdanA zi95nA zipIe ziva-pArvatInA lagnamAM brahmA ane viSNunI upasthitivALA anyatra jovA maLatA prasaMga karatAM ahIM ene vizeSa mahattva ApyuM hevAnuM jovA maLe che. nAradajI ahIM zivanI bAjue UbhA rahIne DAbA hAthe vINu ane jamaNA hAthe karatAla vagADIne nAdanA svAmI zivanA lagnotsavane madhura banAvI rahyA che. A apUrva prasaMga che ane sAmIpya : ekabara, '87 thI mArca, 1988] [1 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #53
bhAratamAM koIpaNa jagyAe AnuM Alekhana thayAnuM jANamAM nathI. tethI A zivavivAhane lagatuM anupama advitIya virala zilpa gaNAya. - ahI prastuta pAvAgaDhanA temaja amadAvAdanAM zilpomAM lagnanI corInuM svarUpe jotAM 11mI sadInA (pAvAgaDha) zi95mAM ene prAraMbha thatA ane amadAvAdanA A 13 mI sadInA pUrvArdhanA zilpamAM, ene pUrNa vikAsa thatA najare paDe che. gujarAtamAM lagnanI corInI racanA karavAnI paraMparA ochAmAM ochI eka hajAra varSa jeTalI jUnI che e bAbata A zilpo uparathI nizcita karI zakAya che.' pAhI 1. T. A. Gopinath Rao, Elements of Hindu Iconography, Vol. II pt. I, p.337 2. lbid., p. 343 3. 7. bhA. have, "zubharAtanubhUtividhAna', pR. 250 4. 7. gresa, zipatimA', "zuzatanA 45 ane sAMti tikhAsa, a5 4 (saab| )", 5 57, 54 31, bhAti 73 / 5. 4. mA. ve, upayu, pR. 280; 8. zAra, upayu, 5. 517 1. T. A Gopinath Rao, op. cit, p. 339 7. Ibid., p. p. 342 f. 8. A vidhi uttara bhAratamAM ane mahArASTra temaja madhya bhAratamAM adyAvadhi pracalita che. 4. T. A. Gopinath Rao., op. cit., p. 338 10. 2465zaSya, bhADezvara-mAra-43, adhyAya 25; kathyatAM tAta gotra' svaM kulaM caiva vizeSataH / / kathayasya mahAbhAga ityAkarNya vacastathA // sumukho vimukhaH sadyo hyazocyaH zocyatAM gataH // 70|| evaMvidhaHsuravaraRSibhistadAnIM gaMdharvayakSamunisiddhagaNastathaiva // dRSTo niruttaramukho bhagavAnmahezo hAsyaM cakAra subhRzaM tvatha nAradana / / 71 // vINAM prakaTayAmAsa brahmaputro'ya nAradaH / tadAnIM vArito dhImAnvINAM mA vAdaya prabho // 72 // ityuktaH parvatenaiva nArado vAkyamabravIt // tvayA pRSTo bhava: sAkSAtsvagotrakathanaM prati ||73 / / asya gotra kulaM caiva nAda eva paraM gire // nAde pratiSThitaH zaMbhurnAdo hyasminpratiSThitaH // 74 / / tasmAnnAdamayaH zaMbharnAdAcca pratilabhyate / / tasmAdvINA mayA cAdya vAditA hi paraMtapa // 75 / / 11. ziva mahApurANa, 26 saMhitA, pAvatI 43, adhyAya 48 svagotra kathyatAM zambho pravarazca kulaM tathA // nAma vedaM tathA zAkhAM mAkArSIssamayAtyayam // 7 // brahmovAca // ityAkarNya vacastasya himAdrezzaMkarastadA / / sumukhAvimukhaH sadyo'pyazocyaHzocyatAM gataH // 8 // evaMvidhassuravaramunibhistadAnIM gaMdharva yakSagaNasiddhagaNastathaiva / / dRSTo niruttaramukho bhagavAnmahezo'kArSIssuhAsyamatha tatra sa nAradatvam // 9 // vINAmavAdayastvaM hi brahmavijJo'tha nArada / / zivena preritastatra manasA zaMbhumAnasaH // 10 // tadA nivArito dhImAnparvatendreNa va haThAt // viSNunA ca' mayA devamunibhizcAkhilastathA // 11 // na nivRtto'bhavastvaM hiM sa yadA zaMkarecchayA // iti prokto'driNA tarhi vINAM mA vAdayAdhunA // 12 // ...zivo nAdamayaH sattyaM nAdazzivamayastathA / / ubhayorataraM nAsti nAdasya ca zivasya ca / / 28 // sRSTau prathamajatvAddhi lIlAsaguNarUpiNaH // zivAnnAdasya zaileMdra sarvotkRSTastatassa hi // 29 // ato hi vAditA vINApreritena mayAdya vai // sarvezvareNa manasA zaMkareNa himAlaya // 30 // 192] [sAmIpya : yomara, "87 yA bhAya, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #54
12. kalyANasuMdara svarUpane vyakta karatuM eka nAnuM (9 49 Ica kadana) a85mata zi95 moDAsAnI sAyaMsa ane ArTasa kolejanA sAMskRtika saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita che. A zi95 12 mI sadInuM hevAnuM manAyuM che. (juo kAMtilAla semapurA, moDAsA koleja myujhiyama paricaya ane kolejanA sAMskRtika namUnAonuM vargIkaraNa", "mAjuma', mArca, 1967). paraMtu zilpanA rUpAMkanane tema ja samagra zilApaTanA sajAvaTanI bhAtane lakSamAM letAM A zi95 13 mI sadInA uttarArdhAnuM ke te pachInuM hovAnuM pratIta thAya che. [anusaMdhAna pRSTha-58 nuM cAluM] - pAdaTIpa 1 novAkavAvAjhatiiirati maNa | kuvanayAnaH-acqdhyarIkSitaviravita:-niNayasAgara AvRtti (chaThThI), alaMkAracaMdrikA sAthe-1931, pR. 161 2. sAva tarimAnuM mItrakiravA vinone ! ejana . zeSAd mAtAnuM jamava sone nIyitva | meghadUta-thAnikAsa:-3rarapa nirNayasAgara, AvRtti paMdaramI, 1947, pR. 47 4. madIye varadarAjastave nAmnaiva te varada vAJchitadAtRbhAvaM vyAkhyAtyato na vahase varadAnamudrAma / vizvaprasiddhataraviprakulaprasUteryajJopavItavahanaM hi na khalvapekSam / / kuvalayAnanda. pR. 11 5. togavavAta to vivuar vidyuH | tevAM vAratA annavAramagnag-siMdhiyA orIenTala sirIjha, ujajaina, 1940, pR. 210 : 1. marmANyAvedya duSTe'smin anutApamupeyuSA / hastenodara mAmartha zUlamutpATitaM tvayA // anana 7. sonAvAlAnavara nociMdri | sortvatA mattAmarahUH | nirNayasAgara AvRtti bIjI, 1924, pR. 148 8. anusarati nanAndA nandakumAraM parApi sAnandA / tava ki nIrajanayane pazya mudonmIlya mAdhavaM nyne|| ejana sAmINa : okaTobara, 87 thI mArca, 1988] [163 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #55
gujarAtamAMthI upalabdha "kAliyamanazilpamAM viSNunuM svarUpa haripriyA raMgarAjana * bhagavAna viSNunA daza avatAromAM rAma avatAra ane karuNa avatAra e be saMpUrNa avatAra manAya che. A baMne avatAramAM bhagavAna vibaNue svayaM manuSya svarUpamAM avata karI adharmane nAza karyo ane dharmanI sthApanA karI.. bhagavAna viSNunA avatAromAMnA ekalA kRSNa avatAramAM ja emaNe pitAnA janmathI mAMDI jIvananI aMtima ghaDI sudhI potAnI divya lIlAone pradarzita karatA rahI avatAranA prajanane pUrNataH siddha karyuM. zrIkRSNanA avatAra ane emanI bALa lIlAonuM varNana harivaMza purANa, viSNu purANa, bhAgavata purANa, ane brahmavaivarta purANamAM vistArathI maLe che. zrIkRSNanI bALalIlAomAM sahuthI vadhu vAra ullekha kAliyamana ane govardhanadhAraNane thayele che. gujarAtamAM maMdiranI chatomAM kAliyamardananuM mahattvapUrNa svarUpa pradarzita karAyeluM jovA maLe che. emAM oDadara(tA. porabaMdara ji. jUnAgaDha), vaMthalI(ji. jUnAgaDha), maNuMda(tA. pATaNa, ji. mahesANA), aMbAsaNa, bhImAsaNa (ji. mahesANA) ane mUlamAdhavapura (saurASTra) temaja je. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda ane jUnAgaDha myujhiyamamAM raju thayela kAliyamananuM svarUpa atre u oDadaramAM navamI sadInA viSNu maMdiranA dvAramaMDapanI chatamAM kAliyamardananuM zi95 kaMDAreluM che. emAM kaNanI mukhAkRti bAla svarUpanI nahIM paraMtu prauDha svarUpanI jaNAya che. mastake kirITa makaTa, gaLAmAM kaMThahAra ane mastaka pAchaLa prabhAmaMDaLa dekhAya che. dibhUja kRSNa vRddha kAlIya nAganI kuNA para vIrAsanamAM virAjamAna che. zrIkRSNane jamaNe hAtha kadaMba vRkSanI DALa para che ane DAbA hAtha kAlIyanI phaNA upara rAkhe che. kAlIya vRddha dekhAtA mAnavanA rUpamAM rajU thayela che ane aMjali madrAmAM che. baMne bAja traNa traNa ema cha nAgaNIo kANune prArthanA karatI darzAvAI che. kAliyamanane A sahuthI prAcIna zilpakina hovAnuM jaNAya che. vaMthalI (ji. junAgaDha)mAMnI bANa vAvamAM 10mI sadInuM kAliyamardananuM zilpa kaMDAreluM che. ahIM paNa kRSNanuM svarUpe prauDha mAnavanA jevuM lAge che. emAM kRSNa caturbhuja darzAvAyA che. upalA jamaNA hAthathI prAya: kadaMbanI DALane pakaDI hoya tevuM lAge che. nIcalA jamaNA hAthamAM paNa spaSTa jaNAya che. upale DAbe hAtha tUTele che, jyAre nIcalA DAbA hAthamAM cakra che. kAliyanuM svarUpa vRddha darzAvAyuM che ane teo aMjali mudrAmAM beThelA che.3 maNuMda(tA. pATaNa, ji. mahesANA)mAM nArAyaNa maMdiranI chatamAM kAliyamardananuM IsavI sananI 11 mI sadInuM zipa upalabdha che. ahIM kRSNa caturbhuja darzAvAyA che ane emanuM svarUpa prauDha * bhAratIya itihAsa anusaMdhAna pariSadanA posTa DokaTarala risarca phelo. 164] [sAmIpya : kaTobara, "87thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #56
mAnavanuM jaNAya che. kRSNanA nIcalA ane upalA jamaNA hAthamAM anukrameza'kha ane cakra temaja upalA DAkhA ane nIcalA DAkhA hAthamAM anukrame gadA ane padma dhAraNa karelAM che, mastaka para kirITa mukuTa ane karNAMmAM kuMDaLa zAbhe che. jamaNeA paga vRddha svarUpavALA kAliya nAganA khabhA para rAkhelA che ane DAbe paga pAchaLa vALIne nRtyanI mudrAmAM darzAvAyA che. nAganI baMne bAju e nAgaNIe che, jemanI pUchaDI sAthe nAganI pU'DI lapeTAI vRtta AkAra banela che. kinArInI aMdara nAnAM e lakhagALa vatu LAmAM varAha ane nRsi'hunI mUrti kotarelI dRzyamAna thAya che.ja mULa mAdhavapura(saurASTra)nA eka maMdiranI(I.sa. 11 mI sadI) chatamAM * kAliyamananuM suMdara zilpAMkana jevA maLe che." A zilpamAM zrIkRSNe taddana khAla svarUpamAM darzAvAyA che (citra-4). kAliya aMjali mudrAmAM beThelA che. kRSNe ekAvalI hAra, keyUra, kaTibaMdha, ane vAMkiDayA vALathI zAbhAyamAna lAge che. dvibhuja kRSNe jamaNA hAthathI kadaMbane pakaDayuM che ane DAbhe hAtha chAtI para rAkhelA che. kAliya nAganI te bAju eka eka nAgaNI baddhAMjali kheDelI che. nAga ane nAgaNIonI pUchaDIenA gUMcaLAthI eka vartuLa jevuM banyu' che. A vartuLamAM aMdara nAnAM nAnAM 12 khIjA vRtto banelAM che, jemAMnAM dasa vRttomAM-mithuna, karka, dhanusa, mIna, tulA, mithuna, tulA, makara, vRSabha ane meSa ema jamaNI bAjuthI AraMbha karatAM rAzionI AkRtio kotarelI che bAkInAM be vRttomAMnA ekamAM hAthInI AkRti kotarelI che, je kRSNunA DAkhA paga pAse che. bIjA vRttamAM kapinI AkRti kotarelI che, je kRSNanA mastaka pAse DAbI tarapha che. Ama mULa mAdhavapuranuM rAzionA aMkana sahitanu kAliyamananuM A zilpa utkRSTa che ane gujarAtamAM upalabdha nAta kAliyamananA ziOAmAM ati virala che. A uparAMta aMbAsaNa(ji. mahesANA)mAM I.sa. nI 12mI sadInuM kAliyamananuM zilpa zItaLA mAtAnA maMdiramAM maLyuM che. emAM kRSNa caturbhu ja darzAvAyA che. upalA jamaNA hAthamAM gadA dhAraNa karI che. ane nIcale jamaNA hAtha kAliyanI pUchaDIne sparze che. upalA DAbA hAthamAM cakra che ane nIcalA DAbe hAtha tUTelA che. kRSNe pAtatA jamaNA paga kAliyanA jamaNA khabhA para rAkhyA che ane DAbo paga pAchaLa vALIne nRtyanI mudrAmAM che. kAliya 'jali mudrAmAM che. ahI kRSNanuM svarUpa prauDha vayanu lAge che. AjubAju A nAgaNIe adha` mAnavIya svarUpamAM kotarelI che.8 bhImAsaNa(tA. lAla, ji. mahesANA)mAM cAmuMDA mAtAnA maMdiranA bahAranA bhAgamAM kAliyama navuM zilpa chUTu paDelu che. e I.sa. nI 13 mI sadInu che. bhuija kRSNe kAliya para nRtya kare che. jamaNA hAtha mastakanI upara UMcA uThAvelA che ane DAbA hAthathI nAganI pUMchaDI pakaDela che. jamaNA paga nAganI kRSNA para TekavelA che ane DAme paga ghUTaNathI vALane nRtya mudrAmAM rAkhelA che. cAre bAju kinArI upara kIti`mukha kotarelAM jaNuAya che. kRSNe ahIM bAlasvarUpanA darzAvAyA che. khate bAju cAra cAra nAgaNIo kotarelI che. amadAvAdanA bho. je. vidyAbhavanamAM I.sa. nI 11mI-12 mI sadInuM zilpa saMgRhIta che. emAM kRSNe mULa viSNunA svarUpamAM zeSa nAga para beThelA che. caturbhu`ja kRSNanA upalA jamaNA hAthamAM gadA ane upalA DAbA hAthamAM prAya: cakra dhAraNa karela che. nIcalA jamaNA hAtha koNIthI tUTelA che. ate nIcalA DAmeA hAtha kAliyanA khabhA para mUkelA che. kRSNe jamaNA paga kAliyanI chAtI para sAmIpya : oNkaTobara, '87thI mArca, 1988] [15 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #57
rAkhelo che. ane DAbe paga vALIne pAchaLa rAkhela che. kAliyanuM mukha mAnavIya darzAvAyuM che. kRSNa kirITa mukuTa, karNakuMDaLa, kaMThahAra, keyUra, napura vagerethI suzobhita che jUnAgaDha myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta kAliyamananA zilpamAM kRSNanuM zarIra dazyamAna che. paraMtu mastakano bhAga khaMDita che. kaThaNanA be Ayudha gadA ane cakra vartuLanI kinArInI nIcenA bhAgamAM khUNAmAM rAkhelAM jaNAya che.11 Ama gujarAtamAM je kAliyamardananA zilpo upalabdha thAya che, temAM zipIoe zrIkRSNane viSNunA avatAranA rUpamAM darzAvyA hoya tema jaNAya chepurANamAM AvatA ullekha anusAra kAliyama prasaMge zrIkRSNanuM bAla svarUpe varNavAyuM che, jyAre gujarAtamAM upalabdha kAliyamardananA zimAM kRSNane viSNunA svarUpamAM darzAvAyA che. AyudhomAM zaMkha, cakra gadA, padma, khanna vagere ane mastake kirITa mukuTa darzAvAya cheahIMnA zilpakAroe kRSNanA bAla svarUpane rajU karavAne prayAsa karyo che, paraMtu alaukika bhAvonuM prAgaTya te viSNunA svarUpanuM ja che. pAdaTIpa 9. K. F. Somapura, Structural Temples of Gujarat, Ahmedabad, 1968, p. 467 2. Haripriya Rangarajan, Historical and Cultural study of the spread of Vaisnavism in Gujarat upto 1600 A.D. (an unpublished thesis, Ahmedabad, 1986), part II, p. 663 3. Ibid, p. 664 7. Burgess, Archaeological Antiquities of Northern Gujarat, London, 1903, p. 100, Fig 10; Haripriya Rangarajan, Ibid., pp. 668 f. 4. K. F. Somapura, op. cit., p. 170 1. H. Rangarajan, op. cit, pp. 665 f. 7. bhagavAnadAsa makavANA, bhImAsaNa ane aMbAsaNanI nAgadamana chato," "svAdhyAya", pu. 20, pR. 414-15 6. H. Rangarajan, op. cit. pp. 667 f. 9. "svAdhyAya", pu. 20, pR. 414-15 20. H. Rangarajan, op. cit., pp. 673 f. 11. Ibid,, p. 674 166] [sAmIpya : oNkaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #58
mAtaDa, mANekanAtha ane amadAvAda 2nA mahetA * raseza jamInadAra+ prAstAvika - paMdaramI sadInA bIjA dAyakAnA prAraMbhe rAjakIya ane sAmAjika kAraNosara pATaNathI AzAvala pAsenA vistAramAM AvI potAne rAjamahela baMdhAvanAra ahamadazAhe e vistAranuM nAma pitAnA nAma uparathI ahamadAbAda rAkhyuM, je leka jIbhe amadAvAda tarIke ramatu rahyuM ane kAlAMtare e ja nAma prasiddha thaI pracAramAM rahyuM; jyAre AzAvela nAma mAtra smRtimAM ane hastapratomAM sacavAI rahyuM. tyAranA amadAvAda pAse AzAvalanA sthaLanirNayanI bAbatamAM anaveSaNa karatAM AjanA amadAvAdamAM te sthaLa rAmanAtha, devanI zerInA pUrva bhAgamAM kAmanAthanI uttare tathA mANekacokanI pazcime hovAnuM puravAra karavAnI paristhiti nirmANa thaI hatI, mANekanAthanI kathA amadAvAdanA AjanA bhadra vistAramAM ahamadazAhe tyAre rAjamahela bAMdhe te samayathI adyApi tenI sAthe mANekanAthanI vAta saMkaLAyelI che. A vAtanA sArarUpa mukhya muddA e che : 1. mANekanAtha bAvAe ahamadazAhanA rAjamahelanA bAMdhakAmano virodha karyo hato. A virodhanA pratIkarUpe te divasa daramyAna godaDI athavA sAdaDI taiyAra karate ane rAtre te choDI nAMkhato tethI divase thayelu rAjamahelanuM bAMdhakAma tUTI paDatuM. 2. sulatAna ahamadazAhane A vAtanI khabara paDI eTale mANekanAthane pATha zikhavavAnA AzayathI eNe jhArInA nALacAmAMthI bahAra nIkaLI javAne camatkAra batAvavA kahyuM ane tema karavA jatAM ahamadazAhe mANekanAthane nALacAnuM meM baMdha karI pUrI dIdho ane rAjamahelanuM bAMdhakAma AgaLa vadhAyuM. je sthaLethI bAMdhakAma zarU thayuM hatuM te sthaLa AjanA mANeka burajathI suparicita che (je eNlipulanA pUrva taraphanA cheDe AveluM che.) aSaNane prayAsa prastuta kathAne ullekha phArasI paraMparAmAM nahI hovA chatAMya sthAnika paraMparAmAM A vAta ghaNI jANItI che. sAmAnyataH AvI lokakathAone itihAsa gaNavAnI ApaNI vRtti hotI nathI, eTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu ghaNIvAra teno ullekha karIne ke karyA vinA tenI upekSA karavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu vaDedarA, vaDanagara ke evAM bIjA sthaLanI tapAsa karavAthI lokakathAnAM maLamAM keTalIka bhogolika, * nivRtta adhyakSa, DipArTamenTa oNpha ArkiyolojI eNnDa ensiyanTa hisTarI, phekalTI oNpha ArTsa, ma. sa. yunivarsiTI, vaDodarA + prAdhyApaka, itihAsa ane saMskRti vibhAga, mahAdeva desAI samAjasevA mahAvidyAlaya, gujarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAda sAmIpya : kabara, '87 thI mArca, 1988] [67 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #59
aitihAsika vagere mAhitI sacavAyelI jovAmAM AvI che. AthI A anubhavanA AdhAre mANekanAthanI prastuta kathAdhaTakanA muddAonI tapAsa sthaLanAma, purAvastu tathA bhUMgALanAM sAdhanAnA baLe karavAne atre ame prayAsa karyAM che. sthaLanAma ane bhaugAlika sthiti sthaLanAmanI dRSTie mANeka buraja, mANekacAka ane mANeka nadInAM nAmeA tapAsavAM jarUrI che. mANeka nadInA pravAhane tapAsatAM te kAlupura TAvara pAsethI nIkaLIne DhIMkavA vistAra, dezIvADAnI pALa, kAgadI ALa, cAMllA ALa vagere sthaLA pAsethI vahIne mANekacoka vistAramAM thaI te sAbaramatI tarapha comAsAnu pANI laI jatu nALu hoya tema jaNAya che.4 ratanapoLa, sAMkaDI zerI, mAMDavInI pALa taraphanAM khIjAM nALAM tene maLatAM hovAM joIe ane te saMyukta pravAha pachI bhadranI dakSiNe sAkharamatI nadIne maLatA hoya tema jaNAya che. A pravAhI nadI kahevAnI rItane lIdhe tene mATe ogaNIsamI sadImAM vividha kalpanAe UbhI thaI hatI, je mATe bhAge kalpita che. A pravAhane sahuthI khulle bhAga jumA masjidanA vistAramAM hovAthI A vistArane mANekacAkapa nAma Apyu. hAya tevuM jaNAya che. ahIM mANekanAthanI maDhI tathA masANiyA hanumAna che. A pravAhanA sauthI sAMkaDA nALacA jevA bhAga mANeka buraja pAse che. purAvastu mANeka burajanA nIcenA bhAga paththarane che tenI pAse gaNeza khArI che jyAM thaI ne iMTa ane mATInI eka dIvAla bhadranA AjhamakhAnanI sarAI pAse jatI, jenA keTalAka bhAga hajI astitva dharAve che. A bhAga sattaramI sadImAM AjhamakhAnanI sarAI tarapha pANI laI javA miSe AkhI bhIMta taiyAra karI hAvAnuM sUcave che. rahe`TathI sAkharamatI nadInuM pANI mANeka muraja caDhAvIne te sarAImAM paheAM cADAtuM haze te kAraja(phuvArA) uDADavA mATe vaparAtuM haze evuM sAdhAra anumAna tAjamahAla, ArAmabAga tathA jUnI dilhInA A ja prakAranA namUnAo uparathI kahIe te| te atizayokti nahIM gaNAya. A vistAramAM mANeka burajanI pAsenA sAMkaDA neLiyAnI dakSiNe hAlamAM paMcanAtha mahAdevanA nAmathI oLakhAtuM eka devAlaya che. A mahAdevamAM 66.5 x 34 se.mI.nI sUrya'nI ArasanI eka maneAhara pratimA sthita che. kavaca ane kirITadhArI, ane hAthamAM kamaLa dhAraNu karelI samalaMgamAM UbhelI sUnI prastuta pratimA sAmAnya rIte zivamadiramAM hAI zake nahIM; chatAM A pratimA A ja vistAramAMthI prApta thaI hovA bAbata zaMkAne koI kAraNa nathI; kema ke 'padmapuru'mAM A sthaLe sUrya'tItha hovAnI vigata/kathA AlekhelI che,F padmapurANa nirdiSTa sUtI A purANanA adhyAya 158 mAM dudhezvara pachI lupta thayelA pippalAda tI'nI kathA nAMkhyA pachI pi'cumandA tI'nI kathA varNAvelI che. sAbhramatI taTanuM A tItha brAhmaNute dhanADhaya ane veda pAraNu banAvanAra, kSatriyane rAjya ApanAra, vaizyane dhana ApanAra ane zUdrane bhakti ApanAra tarIke oLakhAvAyu' che. padmapurANamAM ullekhyA pramANe tathA darzAvelI dizA pramANe ro|dhavAnA prayatna karatAM amane A tItha bhaugAlika rIte paMcanAtha mahAdevanA vistAramAM hovAnuM jaNAyuM. tethI A vistAramAM sUryanI pratimA ke evA avazeSo maLavAnI zakayatA rahelI che. AthI sthaLa tapAsa karatAM paheMcanAthamAMnI 16] [sAmIpya : kaTokhara, '87thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #60
prastuta saMya pratimA A zakayatAne puSTi Ape che. tethI piMcumandA tIrtha A sthaLe hevAne mata daDha thayo. amadAvAdamAM sAbaramatIne kinAre uparavAsamAM arthAta dudhezvara ane paMcanAthanI vaccenA bhAgamAMthI sUryanI koI pratimA prApta thaI nathI tethI paNa sUryatIrtha aMgene prastuta mata dRDhatara bane che. amadAvAda ane sUrya pUjA gujarAta vidyApITha dvArA cAlatA amadAvAdanA itihAsanAM anveSaNa daramiyAna vAghezvarInI piLamAM vAghezvarI mAtAnA maMdiramAM, kAmanAtha mahAdeva(rAyapura daravAjA bahAra)mAM, gAyakavADanI havelInA burajanI bhIMta upara, DhALanI poLamAMnA aMbA mAtAnA maMdiramAM, gaMganAtha mahAdevamAM ema vividha sthaLoe sarva pratimA amane jovA maLI che. A uparAMta rannAdenI pratimAo paNa amArA jovAmAM AvI che. zailInI daSTie Azare AThamI navamI sadIthI Azare teramI sadI sudhInA samayagALAmAM mUkI zakAya tevI A pratimAo paikI ghaNI vividha maMdiromAM pUjAtI mUtio hovAnuM jovA maLyuM che, to keTalIka jagyAe tenI upAsanA Aje paNa cAlu rahI che. A paristhiti jotAM amadAvAdanA purogAmI AzAvalamAM sUryanI upAsanAnuM baLa hatuM tethI sAbaramatI nadIne kinAre sUryopAsakonuM maMdira hoya e bAbata svAbhAvika che. amadAvAda pAsenA sarakheja gAmanI bhAgoLe paNa sUryanI khaMDita pratibhA astitva dharAve che. A mAhitI uparathI amadAvAda pradezamAM sUryanI upAsanA ane tenI sAthe tenA ratna mANekanuM nAma paNa pracAramAM hovAne sAdhAra abhiprAya bAMdhI zakAya, arthaghaTana atyAra sudhI varNavelI mAhitInA AdhAre amadAvAdanA itihAsa vize keTalAMka arthadhaTane rajU karavAnI mokaLAza jaNAya che; jemAM mANeka nAma ane sUrya pUjA, rAjamahelanA bAMdhakAmanI carcA, rUpakanI niSphaLatA, kathAghaTakanI bhaugolika sthiti, mANekanAtha zabdanI carcA jevA muddAo samAviSTa thaI zake, je ahI' ame prastuta karI che. mANeka nAma ane sUrya pUjA : A tamAma paristhitine lakSamAM laIne mANekanAthanI kathA ane mANeka nadInA nAmanA pracAranuM arthadhaTana saraLatAthI thaI zake ema che. AzAvalanA sUryopAsake ahIM lAMbA vakhatathI vasatA hatA. temaNe temanA pradezanAM nAnAM nALAMne mANeka nadI nAma ApyuM hovAno saMbhava che. A nALuM nAnuM paNa mahatvanuM hatuM. tene ratanapaLa, sAMkaDI zerI, mAMDavInI pioLa, dANApIThane DhALa tathA ratanapoLathI pazcimanA vibhAganA uMcANavALA bhAganAM pANI je khullI jagyAmAM maLatAM tenuM nAma A paraMparA anusAra mANekacoka ApavAmAM AvyuM haze. rAjamahelanuM bAMdhakAma : AzAvalanA sUryopAsakenA mahattvanA tIrtha pAse jyAre ahamadazAhano rAjamahela bAMdhavAnuM Ayojana thayuM haze tyAre keTalIka carcA-vicAraNA ke saMgharSa ubhaya pakSe svAbhAvika rIte thayuM haze. pariNAme jamIna bAbatanI carcA saMdarbhe palaTAtA vicArone kAlAMtare mANekanAthanI godaDInA rUpaka dvArA rajU karavAno prayAsa thayo hovAnuM sUcita thAya che. niSphaLatA rUpaka ane tenuM mULa: sUryopAsaka ane sulatAna vacce thayelI carcA vicAraNAnA aMta paNa rAjamahela bAMdhavAno nirNaya to levAyo hovAthI, temAM mANanAtha bAvAnI niSphaLatA svAbhAvika rIte jovI prApta thAya che. A niSphaLatA saMdarbhe, va.manane sADAtraNa pagalAM pRthvI ApavAnI vAtano virodha karavA sAruM vizvAmitra karavAmAM pesI gayA hatA te kathA uparathI mANekanAthanuM rUpaka pracAramAM mUkAyuM hovAnuM anumAna karI zakAya. sAmIpya : kabara, '87 thI mArca, 1988] [169 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #61
rUpakanI bhaugolika paristhiti : A prakAranuM rUpaka pasaMda karavA mATe lAkSaNika bhaugAlika kAraNa javAbadAra hovAnuM anumAna thaI zake ema che. gaNeza khArI ane pacanAtha mahAdevanI vaccenI jagyA Aje sAMkaDI neLa jevI che. tenI pahelAMnAM mANeka nadIne vistAra pramANamAM meATA ane paheALA che, tethI tenuM bhaugolika sthAna adhyapAtra ke karavaDA jevuM rUpaka sUcavI zake tema che. A rUpakamAM sAMkaDI neLa e jhArInA nALacAnuM rUpa saraLatAthI dhAraNa kare che, jemAM mANukenAthanA camatkAranI niSphaLatA sUcavAya che. mANekanAtha zabdanA viniyoga : Ama A AkhI kathA, sulatAnanA adhikArIo vacce thayelI carcA dvArA, aitihAsika tathya rIte thaI zake. prazna e udbhave che ke A kathASaTakamAM mANekanAtha thayuM. A bAbate e anumAna hAthavagAM jaNAya che : Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir paMdaramI sadImAM sUrya[pAsake ane sAcavatI hAvAnuM anumAna saheja zabdanA viniyoga kayA hetusara (1) eka anumAna mujaba sulatAna sAthe sA~pAsA vatI carcA karanAra vyakti keAI mANekanAtha nAmanI hoya athavA sUryamaMdiranA pUjArI mANeka nAmadhArI hAya. saMbhava che meM 'nAtha' saMpradAyanA prabhAva heThaLa mANeka nAmanA pUjArIne ke vyaktine mANekanAtha nAma Apyu. hAya. (2) khIjuM anumAna evu' thaI zake ke mANekanA nAtha eTale sUryAM ane sUtrai nAtha athavA iSTadeva tarIke svIkAranAra samUha, A vicArANAmAM vyakti vizeSate sthAnee sUryadevane prAdhAnya maLe. A khate anumAnA paikI koIpaNa rIte athadhaTana karavAmAM Ave aa paNa te dvArA paMdaramI sadInA bIjA dAyakAnA pUrvAdhamAM sAbaramatIne kinAre TelI ghaTanAne itihrAsa gRhIta che, je A pramANe AlekhI zakAya. aitihAsika sadAna ahamadazAhe pATaNamAM potAnA dAdAneA vadha karyAM ane tethI tyAM mujhaphpharanA putra ane enA anya sagAMsaMbaMdhIothI uddabhavelA bhayane lIdhe tathA vaNuselI kauTuMbika paristhitine kAraNe ahamadazAhane mATe aNuhilavADa pATaNamAM lAMkho samaya rahevAmAM jokhamakAraka paristhiti nirmAMI haze; tene pariNAme tyAMthI sthaLAMtara karI gujarAtamAM anyatra salAmata sthaLe javAnuM vicArI ahamadazAhe sAbaramatIte kinAre AvelA AzAvalane pasaMda karyu hovAnu` sUcavAya che. prastuta pasaMdagI pAchaLanuM mukhya kAraNu e hAI zake ke AzAvalamAM ahamadazAhanA pitA tAtArakhAnanA keTalAka mitro ane madakartA leAkeA rahetA hatA, jemanI kahamadazAhane maLaze evI svAbhAvika manevRttithI te paristhitine lAbha lIdhA haze. ahamadazAhe ke tenA samarthakoe AzAvala AvavAnA vicAra karIne potAnA niveza mATenI yogya jagyA sAbaramatIne kinAre pasaMda karI haze tyAre te sthaLanI najIka sthita sU`ma Mdira ane tenA upAsako sAthe temane rAjamahelanA bAMdhakAma saMdarbhe` carcAvicAraNA ke saMdha'nI paristhiti udbhavI haze ane te pachI AkharI ni`ya laI te AjanA bhadra vistAramAM ahamada AbAda athavA ahamadAbAda athavA amadAvAda vasAvyuM haze. For Private and Personal Use Only prastuta saMdha ke carcAvicAraNAmAM sattAnA baLa pAse sUpAsakate namatuM jokhavuM paDyuM hAvAnI aTakaLa thaI zake ane mANeka nadInA taLiyA pAse thayelI temanI A namatuM jokhavAnI [170 [sAmIpya : oNkaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988

Page #62
prakriyAne, pachIthI mANekanAtha nALacAmAM khUMdha thayAnA ke nAtha saMpradAyanI samAdhi levAnI prakriyAnA kathATaka tarIke oLakhAvI haze. pUrvakAlIna a ghaTanA Ama mANekanAthanuM' rUpaka (kathAghaTaka) amadAvAdamAM bhadra vistAramAM vasatInA thayelA pheraphAranuM sUcita rUpaka hovAnuM jaNAya che ane mANeka bUraja ahInI sUryaMpAsanAnI paraparAnI smRtine sAcavatA aDikhama UbhA che. ghaNIvAra smRti lupta thayAnAM dRSTAnto paNa maLe che, tenuM A udAharaNa che. picumaMdAka tItha'nI hakIktatA nirdeza karatAM ratnamaNirAve evI taiAMdha karI che ke khIlImAM ziva, pIMpaLAmAM viSNu, lIMmaDAmAM prabhAkara rahelA che. A tIthane nikhAkara paNa kahe che. A tItha hAla kayAM che te jAyu' nathI. prAcInakALamAM kei sUryamaMdira haze. prastuta noMdhanA AdhAre IsavI sana 1929 sudhImAM A tIrtha a Mge kAI tapAsa thaI nathI e sUcita thAya che. A zabdanI taiAMdha mAtra umAzaMkara jozIe karI che paNa tenI vadhu tapAsa thaI nathI. padmapurANunAM tIrthAMnI sthaLatapAsa karatAM picumaMdAka`tI'nA sthaLaniNuya ame karavA sadbhAgI banyA. A sthaLaniNuya thayA pachI mANekanAthanI pracalita kathA rUpaka hovAnuM aghaTana zakaya banyu. samApana mANekanAthanI kathAnI keTalIka sArI vigA ratnamaNirAve emanA graMthamAM10vaSNuvI che. temAM temaNe keTalAMka a ghaTanA karavAnA asaphaLa prayAsa karyAM che; kema ke temane picumaMdAka' tInAM sthaLeAtA khyAla AbyA nathI. A bAbate vicAra karatAM evuM jaNAya che ke emanA jamAnAmAM itihAsanI vibhAvanAmAM saMcayananI prakriyAa vadhu mahattva ApavAmAM Avatu` hatu`; ane saMcita sAmagrI parathI sadana mATenA prayAse| AchA thatA haze. vaLI tyAre sacayana meATe bhAge vANIgata rahetu. ane padArthoMgata purAvastunuM anveSaNa paNa pramANamAM ochuM. vikasita hovAthI AvI ghaNI lokakathAe ke kathAghaTako ochAM samajAtAM paraMtu itihAsanI anveSaNanI paddhati vadhu sukSma thatI jAya che, tethI A kSetranAM saMdanA paNu badalAtAM jAya che. A lekha A dizAneA eka prayAsa che. pAdaTIpa 1. vadhu vigata mATe jue, ramaNulAla nAgarajI mahetA, AzAvala, karNAvatI ane amadAvAda,' vidyApITha, va` 24, aMka 3, 1986, pR. 9 thI. 2. apabhraMza sAhityamAM sAdaDI ke geAdaDI gUcavAnAM ane ukelavAnAM tathA rAtre tene cheDI nAMkhavAthI divasa daramyAna thayelAM caNatara tUTI paDavAnAM dRSTAMtA jovA maLe che. prastuta mAhitI ApavA mATe ame prAdhyApaka harivallabha bhAyANInA AbhArI chIe. 3. A kathAnI vadhu mAhitI mATe jue, ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva joTa, gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda, 1929, pR. 30-33, 44, 171. 4. mAhitI mATe jue, 2. nA. mahetA, amadAvAdanA vikAsa,'saMbadhi," pu. 2, na. 1 thI 4 (eprila, 1982 thI jAnyu., 1983), pR. 81-101 5. mANekaceka nAmanI mAMdha 'mirAta-e-sikaMdarI'mAM hovAnI vigata ratnamaNirAve gujarAtanu pATanagara : amadAvAda graMthamAM pR. 34 upara ApI che. tethI A tAMtra A nAma sattaramI sadI pahelAnuM hAvA vize majabUta pramANu pUru pADe che. sAmIpTa : kaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988] For Private and Personal Use Only [ jue anusadhAna pRSTha-178] [171

Page #63
saudI arabastAnamAMnI gujarAtanA be phArasI saltanatakAlIna itihAsa-graMthanI prato jheDa, e, desAI* gujarAta jevA zikSaNa temaja ItihAsa pratye sAro evo abhigama dharAvatA bhAratanA mahatvanA prAMtamAM mahArAjA sayAjIrAva vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarA, sivAya bIjA koI viravavidyAlayamAM bhArata ke gujarAtanA madhyakAlIna ItihAsane tene maLavuM joIe te sthAna abhyAsakramamAM ApavAmAM AvyuM nathI te ya sarvavidita che. gujarAtanA e chAmAM ochA pAMca varSanA itihAsano abhyAsa ke adhyayana(saMzodhananI vAta te javA daIe) pratyenI A upekSA tarapha gujarAtanA itihAsakAro ke itihAsapriya zikSita janatA dvArA saheja paNa virodhano avAja UThata ke UThayo nathI te khedajanaka kahevAya. phArasI bhASAne chellA cAreka dAyakAthI abhyAsakramamAMthI krame krame dUra karavAnI zaikSaNika nItine paNa A bhASAmAM vividha viSaye para lakhAyelAM pustakamAM je kAMI itihAsa-sAmagrI upalabdha che tene samagra bhArata temaja gujarAtamAM ItihAsa saMzodhanamAM je jhaDapI pragati thaI che ane thaI rahI che temAM yathAvata upaga nahIM' thaI zakavAnuM eka kAraNa gaNI zakAya. vadhu khedanI vAta to e che ke AjanA gujarAtanA phArasI bhASAnA gaNyA gAMThavA jANakAramAM paNa dIvAna bahAdura kRSNalAla mohanalAla jhaverI ke bharUcanAM kAjhI nuruddIna sAheba zIrAjhI (jemanuM samRddha pustakAlaya A zatakanA cethA dAyakA sudhI prakhyAta hatuM) athavA phArasI bhASA ne nahivata jANanArA mahUma muhaMmmada umara kokila ane sadbhAgye ApaNI vacce Aje vidyamAna che, te saiyada ImAmuddIna sadarUddIna daragAhavAlA (navasArI) jevI itihAsa pratye abhirUci rAkhanAra vibhUtionI UNapane laIne paNa gujarAtanA madhyakAlIna itihAsanA kSetre nahivata kAma thaI rahyuM che. mahArAjA sayAjIrAva vizvavidyAlayamAM paNa prAraMbhamAM sadgata De. satIzacaMdra mizranI stutya prayAsethI je thoDuM ghaNuM ane agatyanuM kAma thayuM te paNa dhAryA pramANe AgaLa vadhI zakayuM nahI.. . mitre mULa phArasI tArIkhe mahamUdazAhInuM saMpAdana karI tenuM prakAzana karavA pagalAM lIdhAM, bake pustaka chapAIne ATha-dasa varSathI yunivarsiTI presamAM paDavuM che paNa haju sudhI te prasArita thayuM nathI ke kayAre prasArita thaze te paNa anizcita che. Ane laIne gujarAtanA saratananakAlamAM kArasI bhASAmAM lakhAyelA vipula etihAsika sAmagrIne saheja paNa upayoga sadagata prophesara ema. esa. kemisariyeTane mUlyavAna aMgrejI pustaka History of Gujarat, Vol I ke zeTha bhe. je. adhyayana-saMzAdhana vidyAbhavananI gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa zreNInA bhAga-pa sahatanatakAla jevA gujarAtanA itihAsa parane adyatana pustakamAM thayo hovAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. ahIM e sUyana asthAne nahIM lekhAya ke gujarAta vidyAsabhA (jene gujarAtanA itihAsanA amuka kArasI pustakane gujarAtI anuvAda karAvI temaja dilhI salatanata AdhIna * nivRtta nirdezaka (abhilekha), bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSa. nAgapura 172 ] [ sAmI : okaTobara, '88 thI mArca, 1989 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #64
gujarAtanA itihAsa para mama maulAnA saiyada abUjhaphara sAheba nadInA urdUmAM lakhAyelA pustakanu gujarAtImAM bhASAMtara karAvI gujarAtane itihAsa, bhA. 1 ane 2 nA zIrSIka heThaLa temaja eka samakAlIna phArasI itihAsa tArIkhe mujhaphpharazAhI'' tathA tenuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara karAvI chapAvavAnuM zreya jAya che) ke te dvArA saMcAlita zeTha bheA, je. adhyayana-sa'zAdhana vidyAbhavana ke phrAsa gujarAtI sabhA muMbaI ke gUjarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAdanA itihAsa vibhAga jevI sasthAjhmA IliyaTa ane DAusananA ATha bhAgamAM (History of India as told by its Historians) athavA tenA anusaraNamAM saiyada atahara abbAsa rijhavInI bhAratakA adyakAlIna itihAsa, bhAratakA khalajIkAlIna itihAsa, bhAratakA tuglukakAlIna itihAsa, bhAratakA uttara tulukakAlIna itihAsa, bhAratakA mutralakAlIna itihAsavALI hiMdI zreNIomAM phArasI arabI sAdhana sAmagrInA aitihAsika 'zAnA aMgrejI athavA hiMdI bhASAMtare| ApavAmAM AvyAM che te pramANe gujarAtanA je phArasI itihAsa-pustako upalabdha che temanA jarUrI bhAgA gujarAtI ke aMgrejImAM anuvAda karAvI gujarAtanA satanatakAlIna itihAsanI atyaMta upayeAgI zreNI taiyAra karI pragaTa kare te gujarAtanA itihAsanAM samagra pAsAMete AvarI letI sabhara mAhitI prakAzamAM Ave temAM zakAne lezamAtra sthAna nathI. gujarAtanA sulatAneAnA samayamAM vividha kALe ochAMmAM echAM aDadhA Dajhana jeTalAM phArasI pustakAnuM nirmANuM thayuM hatu`.1 A badhAMmAM nimna pa ktiomAM jenuM vaNa na apekSita che te e pustaka tArIkhe mahamUdazAhI' ane tenI pUravaNI le tArIkhe mahamUdazAhI' ke Asire mahamUdazAhI'' aneka rIte mahattvapUrNa che. ukta phArasI graMtheAnI hastaprateA Ama paN ati alpa saMkhyAmAM maLe che eTaluM ja nahI. paNa bhAratamAM teA eka be apavAda sivAya maLatI paN nathI, yuzapamAM laMDana, raziyAmAM tAka, pAkistAnamAM pezAvara ke arabastAnamAM madInA jevA dUra dUra sthAnAmAM A pratA sacavAI che. A prate svAbhAvika rIte bhAratamAM ke gujarAtamAM lakhavAmAM AvI haze. ahIthI temanuM yurezapa, raziyA ke arabastAna jevA pradezAmAM sthaLAMtara thavAnA kAraNeA paNa jANItA ke kalpanAmAM AvI zake tevAM che. pazu '"tArIkhe mahamUdazAhI'' ane tenI pUravaNI jevAM dhAmika nahI" paNa itihAsanAM pustakAnI nakalA gujarAta ane bhArata bahAra ane te paNa phArasI bhASA je vistAramAM kadApi pracalita na hatI, tevA arabastAnanA muslimeAnA pavitra dhArmika sthAna makkAmAM taiyAra thaI hatI te tenI puSpikAnA lakhANa parathI phalita thAya che. makkA jevA see se TakA arakhIbhASI zaheramAM gujarAtanA itihAsanu* phArasIbhASAnA pustakeAnI nakala taiyAra karAvavAmAM Ave te atyaMta sUcaka hAvA chatAM tenuM savistara varSoMna ke tenA para TippaNI ahI' asthAne che. A pratAnI bIjI mahattvanI vAta e che ke tenA sthaLAMtarane rasaprada itihAsa eka ja graMthamAM baMdhAyela prateAnA mukhapRSTha para tenA dhArakA ke mAlikAe lakhelI taidhA dvArA AlekhAyele che.2 te mujaba ukta pADulipi tenA udbhavasthAna makkAthI tenA viSaya-itihAsa--nA sthAna gujarAtamAM pahoMcI. tyAMthI tenA udbhavasthAna makkAnA joDiyA gaNAtA madInA zaheramAM pAchI pharI te pAMDulipinA itihAsamAM ativirala lekhAya. A pratanAM A sthaLAMtara ke pravAsa vanane! A itihAsa vAcakagaNu samakSa rajU karavAtA A lekhane mULa uddezya che. tu stAnanA khalIphAnA arabastAna-pajipta sahitanA madhyapUrvanA arakhadezA paratA vastra kAla daramyAna eka tuka vidvAna ane adhikArI zekhuislAma ahamada Aphri himatullAha bina ismatuphlAhu ala-husainI thaI gayA. temaNe potAnA hastalikhita temaja mudrita pustakane samRddha sa Mgraha hiM. sa. 1266(I. sa. 1849-50)mAM vakaph karI dIdheA. A sa`graha Aphri e DriMkamata pustakAlayanA sAmIpTa : AkaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 ] [ 173 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #65
nAme atyAre (ane kadAca zarUAtathI ja) islAmanA pegambara sAheba(sa. a. sa.)nA rAtre Avele che te haramenakhavI (arthAt pegambara sAhebanI masjida)nI pAchaLanA bhAgamAM AvelI eka vizALa aitihAsika imAratamAM sthita che. temAM dhama, bhautika jJAna, itihvAsa, bhASA, sAhitya, kAvya, chaMdazAstra ityAdi badhA viSayeA para arabI, phArasI ane tukI bhASAmAM lakhAyelA Azare sADA cAra hAra hastalikhita graMthAmAM sArI evI sakhyA bhAratIya vidvAne racita che jemAM mukhyatve pratidvAsa, kAvya, saMtAnAM jIvana vRttAMta jevA viSayAne lagatAM pustakone samAveza thAya che. A pustakAlaya tarapha bhAratIya vidvatA ane vAcakAnuM sarvoprathama dhyAna mArI mAhitI mukha dArUlamulasanniphIna AjhamagaDha(uttara pradeza)nA tatkAlIna vaDA ane gujarAtanA itihAsavido jemanA nAmathI paricita che te mama maulAnA saiyada abUjhaphara navI sAhebanA pitAnA vaDIla badhu allAmAM saiyada sulemAna nadIe temanA ta MtrIpaNA heThaLa nIkaLatA urdUnA vikhyAta mAsika maAripha dvArA I.sa. 1926 mAM doryu hatu.ja tyAra pachI muMbaI phAsa gujarAtI sabhA sAthe saMkaLAyelA temaja gujarAtanA itihAsanA samartha abhya!sI temaja kekrizna eNnDa kaM panI nAmanI aprApya pustaka vikretA sasthAnA AdyasthApaka mama muhammada umara kaiAkilanuM dhyAna 'magmAphi' dvArA gherAyuM tenA phaLasvarUpe ke temane svataMtra rIte mAhitI maLI tenA pariNAme temaNe madInAvALI prata viSe haja pravAse jatA amadAvAdanA suprasiddha sAmAjika kAya*kara tathA dhArmi*ka netA ane gujarAtanI mAsika 'AkSehayAta''nA taMtrI mama maulAnA habIbura humAna gajhanavIne vAta karI temane te vratanI nakala utArI lAvavA sUcana karyu.. maulAnA gajhanavI tenI nakala utArIne lAvyA paNa hatA. A nakala atyAre kAM che te viSe keAI mAhitI maLatI nathI. paNa maulAnA gajhanavI pAsethI vaDedarAnA DaoN. satIzacaMdra mitre thADA samaya mATe lIdhI hevAnu` kahevAya che. ane sabhavataH temaNe A nakala parathI nakala karAvI upara jaNAvyuM tema prakAzita karAvavAnuM pagaluM bhayu hatuM.pa Ama atyaMta icchA heAvA chatAM A tArIkhe mahumUdazAhI' temaja tenI puravaNInI nakala jovAmAM saphaLatA maLI na hatI. prasagApAtta oNgasTa--sapTembara 1984 mAM huja prasa`ge arabastAna javAnuM saubhAgya prApta thayuM tyAre daseka divasa(sapTembara 21-30)nA madInAnA nivAsa daramyAna Aripha me vALA pustakAlayanI UDatI mulAkAta levAnuM zakaya banyuM. saudI arabastAnanA vak khAtA dvArA sa'cAtrita A graMthAlayanA kramacArIonA upekSAbharyAM vatana karatAM vadhu te samayanA abhAvane laI ne tenA yathAcita lAbha laI zakAya tema hatuM nahI. mAtra tyAM upalabdha mahamUda begaDAnA samaya sudhInA gujarAta ane tenA ADeza pADozanA rAjyano itihAsa AlekhatI A che phArasI kRtie jemanA viSe ghaNA samayathI mAhitI hatI te jovAnI tItra utkaMThA sa MtASavA mATe tyAM theDe! eka samaya gALI ukta graMtha joyA tathA tyAM saMgrahAyela pustakAnI yAdInu rajisTara paNa joyu. rajisTara jotAM pratIti thaI ke annAmA saiyada sulemAna sAhebanA lekha temaja temAM Apela pustakonI TUMkI yAdI parathI A pustakAlayanI samRddhitA ke temAM sIdhI athavA ADakatarI rIte bhAratane upayeAgI tevAM pustakonA mahattva viSe joIe tevA khyAla AvI zake nahIM. A pustakAmAM hasana nijhAmInuM IltumizanA samayamAM lakhAyelu tAjumA Asira", muhammada bina tuglukanA samayamAM racita "basAtInuMunsa', anula-pha jhalakRta "akabaranAmA", "tArIkhe salImazAha" (bahudhA tujhUke jahAMgIrI' athavA 'ikabAla-nAmae-jahvAMgIrI'), muhambha amIna rAjhInuM 174 ] [ sAmIpya : oNkaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #66
haphata kalIma", balI AphandInuM 15 mA zatakamAM nakala thayeluM "rIjhatunAjhira phI mukilahinda" sulatAna bahAdurazAhanI prazastivALA rIsAle, zekha khalIla sarahiMdI racita muddidI silasilAnA bhAratanA suphI saMtAno jIvanavRttAMtasaMgraha, prakhyAta saMta ane kavi mijha majhahara jAne jAnanuM jIvanavRttAMta temaja temanA kAvya saMgraha ("dIvAna') ItyAdi pustakono samAveza thAya che. A saMgrahanAM pustakonI sArI evI saMkhyA kalAnI daSTie paNa mahattavanI hovAnuM jaNAya che. temAM sonerI raMgothI AbhUSita tema ja suMdara sulekhana zailIthI lakhAyela pustaka temaja kartAonA hAthe lakhAyelI kRtionI saMkhyA paNa ThIka ThIka evI che, tema rajisTaranI noMdha parathI jANavA maLe che. uparyukta "tArIkhe mahamUdazAhI" tathA tenI puravaNI sAva aprApya nathI paNa temanI prate ativirala te che ja. "tArIkhe mahamUdazAhI"nI atyAra sudhI pramANamAM arvAcIna evI eka pUrNa pratanI bhALa maLI che je pUrvenI laMDananI inDiyA phiksa lAIbrerI ke jenuM navuM nAma rASTra samUha saMbaMdha pustakAlaya che, temAM sacavAI che; jyAre tenA ardhA bhAgane AvarI letI bIjI apUrNa prata laMDanamAM ja briTiza myujhiyamanA pustakAlayamAM che. sadarahu pUrNa prata tenA pupikAnA lakhANa anusAra hi. saM. 1299(I. sa. 1881-82)mAM lakhAI hatI. jyAre saMpUrNa pratamAM lekhana samayane kAI nirdeza nathI. puravaNInI paNa mAtra eka ja prata rASTra samUhuM saMbaMdha pustakAlayamAM che. te hi. sa. 1299(I. sa. 1881-82)mAM lakhAI hatI. Ama madInAvALI prata sadarahu be pustakanI vizvamAM upalabdha dvitIya prate che te svayaM ati mahatvanI vAta gaNAya, paNa tethI vadhu mahattvanI vAta te e baMne pratanI prAcInatA che. "tArIkhe mahamUdazAhI"nI racanA sAla hi. sa. 892(I. sa. 1487) ane puravaNInI racanA sAla hi. sa. (16 (I. sa. 1510-11) che, jyAre madInAvALI pratanI nakala levAnuM kArya IslAmanA pahelA naMbaranA pavitra sthAna makkAmAM hi. sa. 986 nA zavvAla mAsanI anukrame 6 ThThI tathA 25 mI (I. sa. 1578 nA Disembara mAsanI 6 ane 25 mI) tArIkhe saMpUrNa thayuM hatuM. Ama A prate racanA samayathI se eka varSa AsapAsa lakhAI hatI. rASTra samUha saMbaMdha graMthAlayanI baMne prate madInAvALI pratonI nakala hovAnuM jaNAya che. madInAvALI prate suMdara kahI zakAya tevI nakha zailImAM lakhAI che tathA tenI hAlata ghaNI sArI che. A baMne pustakana' aitihAsika mahatva to che ja paNa te viSe vadhu kahevA mATe temane gADha abhyAsa anivArya che. ahIM te upara jaNAvyA mujaba temanA pravAsa varNananI kahAnI temane ja zabdamAM kahevAne azaya che. gujarAtanA itihAsanA A pustakonI mULa nakala bhAratathI hajAro kilemITara dUra AvelA makkA zaheramAM thaI, te pachI te pratie mughala samrATa akabaranA samaya (I.sa. 1556 (1605)mAM hi. sa. 887(I. sa. 1579)mAM bhArata AvI, amadAvAdamAM kelIke milanI dakSiNe navA asAvalamAM jemane suMdara roje che te mIra abU turAba zIrAmI dvArA amadAvAdamAM ja akabaranA bIja ane aMtima gujarAta vijaya pazcAta hi. sa194(I. sa. 158 6)mAM ke te pachInA cAra pAMca varSa daramyAna vikhyAta madhala subedAra ane sipAha solAra mirjhA abrahIma khAna khAnAnane bheTa maLI, pachI somanAtha pATaNamAM hi. sa. 1001 nA jamAdI uAkhara mAsanI 10 (I. sa. 1593 nA mArcanI 14) tArIkhe gujarAtanA tatkAlIna subedAra ane akabarane dUdhabhAI khAne Ajhama mijha ajhIjha kAkAe pitAnA tAbena amIra mIra abdurajhAka maajhUrIne smRtirUpe ApI ane pachI koI anizcita sAmI : okaTobara, '87thI mArca, 1988 ] [ 175 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #67
samaye bhAratathI arabastAna paheAMcI te samaye ke tapazcAt upayukta turka adhikArI zaikhuC/islAma ahamada AphrinA kabajAmAM AvI, hi.sa. 1266(I. sa. 1849-50)mAM tenA samagra pustaka sauMgrahuM sAthe mULa udbhavasthAna makkAthI sADA traNase| kilemITara dUra AvelA madInA zaheramAM varUpe sacavAI. hi. sa. 986(I. sa. 1578)mAM lakhAyelA A graMtha arabastAnathI bhArata kayAre AvyA te lagabhaga nizcita rUpe kahI zakAya tema che. gujarAtanA itihAsanA abhyAsIete jJAta che ke mahamUda khegaDanA samayamAM IrAnanA zIrAjha zaherathI gujarAta AvI cAMpAneramAM vaselA salAmI saiyada kuTuMbanA eka nabIrA mIra amrUturAbazIrAmane akabare hi.sa. 985(I. sa. 1577)mAM 'amIre hAjaja' (hAjIonA kAphalAnA vaDA) banAvI arabastAna mekalyA hatA. haja karI hiM. sa. 987(I. sa. 1579) mAM bhArata pAchA pharyAM. AvatI vakhate tee makkA zarIthI pegambara sAhebanA caraNapada akita zikSA ('kaddame rasula') bhArata sAthe lAvela jenuM khuda akabare tatkAlIna rAjadhAnI kttehapura sikrIthI thADA aMtare svAgatAthe AvI, pUjya bhAvanA pratIkarUpe peAtAnA zire mUkI thADAM Daga bharyAM hatAM.6 A parathI saheje anumAna thaI zake ke makkA zarIphanA peAtAnA nivAsa daramyAna .i sa. 985-980(I. sa. 1577-1979)mAM koI samaye mIra abU turAkhe je pote itihAsakAra hatA, kAMtA A prA taiyAra karAvI athavA temanA lahiyA ke mAlika pAsethI meLavI I. sa. 1579 mAM peAtAnI sAthe bhArata lAvyA hAvA joIe. tyAra pachI A prata mahAna pustakapremI ane saMgrAhvaka mirjhA abdura hIma khAnakhAnAnane tenI gujarAtanI sukhAgIrInA samaya(I. sa. 1586-1588) daramyAna bheTa ApI haze. bheTa maLavAnI noMdha khAnakhAnAne svahaste upayukta graMthanA mukhapRSTa pru. 3 a para A zabdomAM lIdhI che allAho akabara (Izvara savathI mahAna che). gujarAtanA bIjA vijaya pazcAt AdaraNIya mIra turAme bheTamAM ApyuM. dinAMka 13 rakhI uavvala hijarI sana likhitaMga abdurahIma Ibna muhammada erama, Izvara temane mApha kare.' uparyukta noMdha nIce tenI sahI(Signature)nA pratIkarUpe tenI gALa meAra mAravAmAM AvI che : 'abdurrahIma khina muhummuda erama(hi. sa.) 994' A parathI pratIta thAya che ke A prata ddhi. sa. 994(I. sa. 1586)mAM ke te pachI (pazu te pahelAM te nahIM ja) tenA gujarAtanI summedArInA aMtima varSoM hiM, sa. 998(I sa. 1589) pahelAM kAI paNa samaye khAna khAnAna pAse AvI, tyAra pazcAt A prata akabaranA dudhabhAI ane gujarAtanA be vAra rahI cUkelA sUbedAra khAte Ajhama mirjhA ajhIjha kAka! pAse amuka samaya rahI hatI, paNa khAta khAnAna pAsethI te sIdhI khAte Ajhama mirjhA ajhIjha kAkA pAse ke bIjA keAI pAsethI ane kayAre ane kevI rIte AvI te kahevu muzkela che. banavA joga che ke khuda khAna khAnAne potAnA sALA khAte Ajhamane gujarAtanA sUbAne khIjI vAre cAja letA samaye ApI hoya. paNa mirjhA ajhIjha kAkAe A pustaka hi. sa. 1001 nA jamAdI uAkhara mAsanI 10(I. sa. 1593nA mAmAsanI 14mI) tArIkhe semanAtha pATaNamAM A graMtha mIra abdura jhajhAka maasUrIne smRti rUpe ApyuM tenI sadarahu mIranI pR. 2 ba para AvelI nimnalikhita phArasI taidha parathI phalita thAya che. "allAho akabara. A pustaka tArIkhe mahamUdazAhI jemAM gujarAtanA bAdazAheAtA ahevAla ApavAmAM AvyA che, navvAla AjhamakhAne 10 jamAdI ussAnI hi. sa. 1001 nA dine jUnAgaDha 176 ] [ sAmIpTa : kiTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #68
pathakamAM Avela pATaNa seminAtha sthaLe A tu abdurajhAka masUrIne enAyata karyuM jenI yAdadAsta rUpe A vAkayo kalamabaddha karavAmAM AvyAM." | gujarAtanA itihAsanA abhyAsIone vidita haze ke mughala samrATathI nArAja thaI khAne Ajhama mirjhA ajhIjha kAkA akabaranA tene AgrA pAchA pharavAnA AdezanuM ulaMdhana karI I. sa. 1593 nA mArcanI 25 mI e verAvaLa baMdarethI haja karavAnA bahAnA heThaLa samagra parivAra sAthe makkA javA ravAnA thaI gayela. uparanI noMdha parathI ema jaNAya che ke khAna Ajhame prasthAna samaye A graMtha mIra abdurrajhAka maasUrIne bheTa Apo hato. khAne Ajhame A uparAMta bIjA graMtho mIra abdurajhAka (ane saMbhavataH bIjA vaphAdAra anucare ke hAtha nIcenA amaladArone) ApyA hoya tema lAge che, kAraNa ke 11 mA zatakamAM thaI gayelA vikhyAta sUphI ane phArasI bhASAnA mahAna kavinI prasiddha phArasI kAvyakati ""hadItula-hakIkata" nAmanI mananInI hi. sa6 (I. sa. 1220121)mAM lakhAyelI prati khAna Ajhame pitAnA temaja kavinA vatana gajhanA khAtethI pitAnA saMgraha mATe maMgAvI hatI. A prata paNa khAne Ajhame mIra abdurajhAkane ApI dIdhI hatI. Ane ajhajhavALI "hadItun hakIkata"nI prata A kAvyanI saMzodhita AvRtti taiyAra karanAra gujarAtanA ane mULa amadAvAdanA vatanI abdulatIpha bina abdullAha abAsIe hiM. sa. 13pa(I. sa. 1025) mAM meLavI tenI nakala karAvI laI tenA vibhinna zabdapAThanI noMdha karI temanA para hAMsiyAmAM TippaNI vagere lakhI saMzodhita AvRtti taiyAra karI hatI. pAdaTIpa 9. C. A. Storey, Persian Literature, Section II, Fascimele 3; History of India (London, 1939), pp. 725 f; B. M. Tirmizi, 'Are Tabagat-iMahmudshahi, Ma'athir-i-Mahmudshaha and the Tirikh-i Mahmudshahi identical ? Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Session 10 (1947), pp. 325 f. AvI rasaprada itihAsa dharAvatI ghaNI hastaprato vizvanA pustakAlayamAM maLe che. khuda amadAvAdamAM daragAha hajharata pIra muhammada zAhanI lAIbrerIne lagabhaga 2500 hastalikhita pustakomAM ThIka ThIka pustako para AvI ne daSTigocara thAya che. vakaphanAmAnA arabI lakhANanuM bhASAMtara A pramANe cheH "je kaI para nirbhara nathI tevA IzvaranA vAcaka baMdA ahamada Aripha hikamatullAha bina IsmatulAha ala-husenI e mahAna ucca pegambara sAheba (allAhanA temanA upara salAma ane vaMdana ha)zahera (madInA)mAM e zarate vakapha karyuM ke tene pustaka bhaMDArathI bahAra laI javAmAM Ave temaja tenI yAcita sAcavaNI mATe karmacArI rAkhavAmAM Ave.' 4. bhaAripha' (udUmAsika), oNkaTobara-Disembara 1926nA aMkamAM hijAke kutubakhAne' (hijAjhanAM pustakAlaye) lekha, mahUma alAma saiyada sulemAna deza videzamAM jyAM jyAM jatA tyAMnA pustakAlaya ke jovAlAyaka aitihAsika sthaLonI acUka mulAkAta laI te para savistara nadhi ke lekha ukta mAsikamAM pragaTa sAmIpya : eNkaTobara, "87thI mArca, 1988 ]. [ 177 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #69
karatA. dAkhalA tarIke gujarAtanI eka mulAkAta daramyAna lakhele lekha riyAsata baMdA ke kutubakhAne (vaDodarA rAjyanA pustakAlayo) je "bhaAriphanA I. sa. 1924 nA me mAsanA aMkamAM pR. 378 -80 para pragaTa thayela che. A "kadame, rasala' mIra abU turAba hi. sa. 988(I. sa. 1580)mAM gujarAta pAchA pharyA tyAre pitAnI sAthe lAvela ane tene tenA mATe amadAvAda bahAra AzAvalamAM khAsa nirmANa karelI ImAratamAM rAkhavAmAM Avela te ja ImAratamAM daphana thayA pachI mIranI kabara para tene mUkavAmAM Avela. 18 mA zatakamAM marAThAonA humalA vakhate mIra abU turAbanA vaMzajo te zilA temanA raheNAkanAM sthaLa khaMbhAta laI gayA hatA. (juo, alI muhammada khAna, mirAte ahamadI, puravaNI, vaDedarA.) bhIra abU turAbe sulatAna bahAdurazAhanA samayathI akabaranA gujarAta vijaya parvatane itihAsa AlekhatuM pustaka lakhyuM che, je "tArIkhe gujarAtanA zIrSaka heThaLa sara DenIsana pAse eziyATika sosAyaTI kalakattAnI biblIzeka InDikA zreNImAM I. sa. 1909 mAM saMpAdana karI pragaTa karyuM che. tenuM urdU bhASAMtara paNa I. sa. 1930 mAM alhAbAdathI pragaTa thayuM hatuM. 7. 2. che. parIkha ane ha. naM. zAstrI (saMpA.), gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa', bhAga-5, "satanatakAla', amadAvAda, 1979, pR. 50 A pratano upayoga prastuta kAvyanA aMgrejI bhASAMtarakAra je. je. sTIphansane karyo hovAnuM pitAnA AmukhamAM lakhyuM che (J. J. Stephenson, Hadiqatul-Haqiqat, Calcutta). sanAInA kAvyanI TIkA sAthe saMzodhita karelI AvRttine "latAI kuhadAIka mina naphAIsida kAIka'nuM navuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. A prata arabI bhASAnA jarmana vidvAna , eDepha engara pAse hatI, tema temaNe A pratanuM varNana karatAM lakhyuM che. (juo A. Sprenger, A Catalogue of the Arabic Persian and Hiudustany Manuscripts in the Libraries of the King of Gudh, Vol. I, Calcutta, 1854, pp. 558 f. [anusaMdhAna pRSTha 171nuM cAluM] che. mAhitI mATe juo, padmapurANu, gurugraMthamALAnI AvRtti, saM. 2015, uttarAkhaMDa, adhyAya 154 thI 159. 7. varNana mATe, juo ra. nA. mahetA ane raseza jamInadAra, paurANika amadAvAda', sAmI, varSa 2, aMka 3, 1985, pR. 131 thI; tathA R. N. Mehta and Rasesh Jamindar, 'Ahmadabad and Padma Purana,' Puranam, July, 1985, pp. 371 ft. 8. gujarAtanuM pATanagara amadAvAda, pR. 6 62 9. purANomAM gujarAta, 1964, pR. 25 10. pAdanoMdha 3 mujaba. 178 ] [ sAmIpya : kabara, '87thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #70
rakAba(peMgaDA)no itihAsa bAlAjI gaNerakara yuddha ane zAMti kALa daramyAna prAcIna kALathI ghoDe mAnavIno mitra rahyo che. jo ke siMdhu sabhyatAmAM tenA avazeSa maLato nathI, chatAM bhAratIya sAMskRtika itihAsamAM vedakALathI tenI khyAti rahI che sau prathama vedamAM tenA aneka prasaMgo maLI Ave che. ghoDAne saMbaMdha kevaLa mAnavajAtinI sAthe ja hoya ema nathI, paraMtu devatAonI sAthe paNa teno saMbaMdha che. pAMDuputra nakuLe "azvazAstra" mAM kahyuM che tema jema caMdra vinAnI rAtri robhatI nathI, pati vinAnI strI pativratA kahevA tema gheDa vinAnI vistRta hovA chatAM paNa senA zobhatI nathI. yaMtrayuga pUrve ghoDo manuSyanuM khUba ja mahattvanuM vAhana hatuM. badhAM prANIomAM eka mAtra citto ja ghoDA karatAM vadhAre jhaDapathI doDI zake che. Aje tvarita gatinAM aneka vAhano hovA chatAM ghoDAnuM mahattva ochuM thayuM nathI. nAgarika tathA senika sevAomAM karavAmAM AvatA ene upayoga AnI sAkSI pUre che. : ghoDA uparanI savArI tene rathamAM joDavA ane pAlana karavA aMgenI tathA gheDAnA jAti bheda, rAkhara khAva vagere ane te saMbaMdhita zabdone ulekha bhAratIya sAhityamAM sArA pramANamAM maLI Ave che. Ama chatAM atiprAcIna sAhityamAM "kAba (paMgaDuM; Stirrup) mATe koI zabda ke nirdeza prApta thatuM nathI. jo ke keTalAka vidvAnoe AnI prAcInatA I. pU. 852 sudhI mAnI che; jyAre esIriyana rAjA salamAnasara 3 ja e doraDAthI bAMdhelA pAdapITha (Stirrup)ne prayoga karyo hato. bhAratIya kaLAmAM Ane sarva prathama prayoga sAMcI stupa-2 nI vedikA(I. pU. 100 thI 150)mAM jovA maLe che. staMbha saMkhyA 48 bI, 81 bI, 82 e tathA 84 bI mAM puruSa ArohIoe potAnA paga rakAbamAM rAkhelA che.4 rakAbanA A aMkanone sara jahona mArzale bhAratamAM ja nahIM, paraMtu AkhI duniyAmAM sauthI prAcIna aMkano mAnyAM che. IrAnamAM sAsAnI yuga pUre rakAbanuM jJAna hatuM nahIM. grIka ane ramanA prAcIna sAhityamAM paNa Ane kaI ulekha jovA maLato nathI. I.sa. pUrve pahelI zatAbdInA mathurAmAMnA eka sUcI paTTa(rekhAMkana 1) upara karavAmAM AvelA aMkanamAM strIe rakAbamAM paga rAkhela che. tenA paga cAmaDAnI paTTI upara che je khUba ja spaSTa dekhAya che. pra. AnaMda ke. kumArasvAmInA mata pramANe prAcInakALamAM strIo rakAbanI sAthe tathA puraSo rakAba vinA ghoDAnI savArI karatA. zipamAM jyAre rakAbanuM aMkana thayuM che, tyAre tyAM vALelA paga sIdhA ane nIce laTakatA darzAvyA che. pro. vAsudeva za. agravAle kumArasvAmInA matanuM samarthana karyuM che, paraMtu mane mathurAnI uparyukta strI-pratimA sivAya bIjuM kaI udAharaNa maLyuM nathI, ke jemAM strIe rakAbamAM paga rAkhela che. jo ke puruSanA aMkane te maLe che mathurAnA kaMkAlI TIlAthI prApta * saMzodhana sahAyaka, je. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda sAmIpya : kabara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 ] [ 179 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #71
janastapanI eka mUti (vedikA 9) upara kaMDArAyela zobhAyAtrAnA eka dazyamAM puruSa ghoDesavAranA ghUMTaNenA taLiyA sudhI doraDA jovA maLe che. A mUti atyAre lakhanau(u. pra.)nA saMgrahAlayamAM pradarzita che. rekhAMkana 1 briTiza saMgrahAlaya, laMDanamAM pradarzita kulukhINamAMthI prApta eka pittaLanA leTA upara ukIrNa eka anya zAbhAyAtrAnA dRzyamAM paNa be pu ghoDesavAro rakAba sAthe kaMDArAyelA che. ahIM paNa daravAno prayoga rakAba mATe thayo che (rekhAMkana 2). adhikAMza vidvAnonA mate A leTe I. sa. pUrve pahelI zatAbdIna che. rekhAMkana 2 180 ] [ sAmIpya : kabara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #72
A rIte jotAM I. sa. pUrve bIjI zatAbdImAM bhAratamAM rakAbane upayoga thato hato, e ni:saMdeha che. cInamAM pAMcamI-chaThThI sadImAM Ane upayoga pracalita thayo.10 maMgalee paNa madhya eziyAmAM chaThThI zatAbdImAM ja ane proga karyo hato.11 mahAkavi bANe "harSacarita'mAM mAlatI dvArA zaNunadI pAra UtaravAnA prasaMgamAM teNIne ghaDA upara caDhelI ane uradhrApita caraNuyugalA2 kahI che. - bANe rAjAonA paganA kaDAnI sAthe rakAbe TakarAvAthI thatA khaNakhaNa (pracala pada phalikA) dhvaninuM paNuM varNana karyuM" che.13 AthI e nirvivAda che ke harSanA samayamAM lekhaMDanI paTTIvALI rakAba jANItI banI gaI hatI. anAmathI maLela AThamI zatAbdInI eka paththaranI pratimA upara paNa ghoDesavAra rakAba sahita kaMDArAyele che, jenI tulanA vidvAnoe mathurAnA jaina stUpanI pratimAM tathA kulunA leTAnA aMkano sAthe karI che. 14 gujarAtamAM pATaNamAM rANIvAvanI sApha-saphAI daramyAna je zilpa jJAna thayAM che, emAM kaTukI avatAranuM zipa maLI AvyuM che.15 emAM ghoDesavAra karakInA paga peMgaDamAM rAkhelA spaSTa jovA maLe che ane e paMgaDAM nizcitapaNe lokhaMDanA joI zakAya che. A daSTie purAtatvane A agiyAramI sadIno purAvo gujarAtamAM lekhaMDanA paMgaDAnI prAcInatAne cheka agiyAramI sadI eTale vahelA laI jAya che (juo citra 5). cAlukya nareza somezvare 1130 I. sa.mAM "bhAna halAsanI racanA karI che. AmAM temaNe tAvAhyAlI vida(pala (saMge Dhapha)ne saMdarbhamAM svarNa nimita "pAdAdhArane ulekha karyo che, jemAM ghaDAnI banne bAju paga laTake che. polonI ramata eziyAnA musalamAnomAM pracalita hatI ane bhAratamAM semezvara dvArA A ramatanAM prathama ullekha uparathI De. goDae bhAratamAM rakAbanI prAcInatA phakta ATha se varSanI mAnI che. 18 paraMtu A mata asaMgata che; kAraNa ke AnI pUve prAraMbhika bhAratIya zilpa ane bANa dvArA vaNita "pAdakalikA' dvArA e jaNAya che ke rakAbanuM pracalana bhAratamAM ethIya ghaNuM prAcIna che. zivAjInA nirdezathI sane 1676 mAM taiyAra thayela rAjavyavahAra koza(pUnA 1880)mAM raghunAtha paMDite caturaMga varNanI antargata te samayanA pracalita sainika zabdono ullekha karyo che. ahIM "rakAba" zabdano artha ArohiNI uhilakhita che. sattaramI sadImAM eka musalamAne jodhapuramAM taiyAra karelI bhAgavata purANanI pAMDulipivALI sacitra hastapratamAM yuddhakSetranA dazyamAM le khaMDanI rakAbanuM aMkana dekhAya che. sattaramI sadIne anya citromAM paNa lokhaMDanI paTTIvALI rakAba citrita joI zakAya che.19 ApTe e potAnI aMgrejI saMskana DakazanarImAM20 sTirane artha vAdagrahaNI ane pAdadhAraNI karyo che, kintu saMskRta aMgrejI zabdakoSamAM temaNe Ane ulekha karyo nathI. pAdakalikA, pAdAdhAra, AhiNI, pAdadhAraNI vagere zabdanA arthomAM samAnatA spaSTa rIte jaNAI Ave che, je badhA zabda rakAbanA vAcaka che. mayakALathI Aja sudhI lokhaMDanI rakAba badhe pracalita hatI, tenI sAthe sAthe e ullekhanIya che ke Aje paNa gaDhavAlanI pahADIo upara leka rakAba mATe deraDAne prayoga kare che. sAmIpya : okaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 ] [ 181 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #73
" pArakI 1. candrahInA yathA rAtriH patihInA pativratA / azva hInA tathA senA vistIrNApi na zobhate / / nakula, azvazAstra, 1/14 8. Gode, P. K. Studies in Cultural History, Vol. II (Poona, 1960) p. 78 3. Marshall, John, The Monuments of Sanchi, Vol. II, pl. 82, Pillar 40, pl. 89, Pillar 81B, pl. 90, Pillar 82 A & 84 B. 4. Marshall, John, A Guide to Sanchi (Delhi, 1936), p. 152, f.n.3 5. Coomaraswamy, A.K, 'Early Indian Sculptures', Bulletin of Museum of Fine Arts : Bostan, (Bostan, 1926), p. 59, fig. 4 6. Ibid. 7. agravAla, vAsudevazaraNa, harSacarita eka sAMskRtika adhyayana,' (paTanA, 1863), pRSTha 23 8. Smith, V.A., The Jain Stupa & Other Antiquities of Mathura, (Reprinted, Varanasi, 1969) pl. 15 t. Burgess, J, Report on the Buddhist Cave Temples & their Inscrip tions, (A.S.W.I.) (Reprinted Varanasi, 1964), p. 6., fig. 4 10. Marshall, A Guide to Sanchi, p. 152, f. n. 3 91. Gode, op. cit. p. 77 12. agravAla, uparyukta, pR. 23 13. ejana, pR. 148 14. Gode, op. cit., p. 77 15. A zilpa tarapha mAruM dhyAna doravA badala huM De. pI. sI. parIkha, adhyakSa, je. vidyAbhavanano * chu. 16. 'mAnasollAsa' dvitIya bhAg2a, (gAyakavADa sIrija; baDaudA, 1939), pR. 221 17. ejana, pR. 224 18. Gode, op. cit, p. 73 14. Ibid, p. 74 20. Apte, V.S, English/Sanskrit Dictionary, (Second Edition), p. 413 182]] [sAbhAya : maurIpara, '87 yA bhAya, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #74
sau prathama gujarAtI akhabAra "muMbaI samAcAra * ratana rUstamajI mAla "muMbaI samAcAra mATe nIcenAM varSo mahattvanAM che ? - sana 1812 mAM muMbaI samAcAra chApakhAnuM zarU thayuM. prathama gujarAtI chApakhAnuM -sana 1814mAM emAMthI saMvata 1871 nuM prathama gujarAtI paMcAMga bahAra paDayuM-bIje varSe emAMthI phArasI graMtha dabestAnane gujarAtI tarajumo pustakarUpe prasiddha thaye-sana 1822 mAM tA. 1 lI julAI, somavAre prathama gujarAtI samAcArapatra muMbaI samAcArano prathama aMka bahAra paDayo. paNa baso varSa upara "muMbaI samAcAra"nI majala Ama zarU thaI te Aja paryata vaNathaMbhI AgaLa vadhatI rahI che. e chApakhAnuM, e paMcAMga, e prasiddha pravRtti, e vRttapatra saghaLuM ja Aja paryata satata cAlu che, eTaluM ja nahi e sau samRddha dazAne pAmyuM che. e saumAM savizeSa lakSa mAMgI le che vRttapatra "muMbaI samAcAra". "muMbaI samAcAra"ne gujarAtI vRttavivecananA itihAsamAM mAnabharyuM ane mahattvanuM sthAna che. gujarAtI bhASAnuM e sauprathama vRttapatra che eTalA ja mATe nahi paNa te sAthe patrakAratvane kSetre eNe je arpaNa karyuM che e kAraNe paNa. enA sthApaka, enA staMbho, enI nIti-rIti, eNe joyelI caDatIpaDatI, prajAhitArthe eNe karela arpaNa vagere vize jANavA-vicAravAnuM jijJAsune svAbhAvika game, paNa e kathA eTalI lAMbI che, eka daLadAra pustakane viSaya che eTale bane eTalA saMkSepamAM e upara najara nAMkhIe. cheka 1822 mAM "muMbaI samAcAra"nA sthApaka mobeda pharadunajI marjhabAnane pitAnuM vRttapatra pragaTAvavA pUrve tenI maheranajara yAne "spekTasa" bahAra pADavAne khyAla Avyo e bAbata lakSa kheMce che. A maheranajaranuM vAMcana Ajeya rasamaya bane evuM che. patramAM zuM zuM vAnagI pIrasAze, enuM lavAjama zuM raheze vagere vize emAM vigate jaNAvyuM che, paNa Aje Azcaryajanaka lAge evI vAta e che ke emAM patranI nIti vize kazo ullekha nathI. A prathama ja gujarAtI patra hAI pharadunajIne Avo ullekha karavAnI AvazyakatA na jaNAI haya, banavA joga che ke tyAre e viSayamAM emanA khyAla paNa spaSTa na hoya, chatAM noMdhavA jevI eka vAta e paNa che ke patranA pahelA ja aMkamAM "akhabAranI AjhAdI" e viSaya para lAMbo lekha taMtrIe pragaTa karyo che. koI aMgrejI pustakamAMthI mAhitI meLavI lekhake tenA prakAzamAM pitAnA vicAra vistArathI pradarzita karyA che. prathama ja aMka mATe taMtrI akhabAranI AjhAdI jevo viSaya pasaMda kare ane te paNa jyAre bhArata gulAma hatuM ane patrane zAsanakartAonA sahArAnI ghaNuM ghaNuM jarUra hatI tyAre e bAbata ghaNuM ghaNuM kahI jAya che. kamanasIba saMjogomAM pharadunajI marjhabAne patra sAthe saMbaMdha cheDatA tA. 13-8-1832 nA aMkamAM je nivedana pragaTa karyuM che ane temAM potAnA sthAne avAranavAra navA taMtrI temulajI rUstamajI mirajhAMne zikhAmaNanA je zabda suNAvyA che te emanI akhabArI nItine ekaMdare sAro khyAla ApI jAya che. ja prasiddha vRttapatravivecaka, surata sAmIya ? oNkaTobara "87 thI mArca, 1988]. [183 thama ja ghaNI vArata gu jene kana che, For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #75
e nivedana pramANe patrakAre vinA kAraNe keIne mATe mAThuM lakhavuM nahi, potA mATe koI ayogya bolI bole te tene sAmo kaDaka zabda saMbhaLAva nahi, binaupayogI bhAMjagaDamAM paDavuM nahi, TaMTA/patronI garaja sAre evAM carcApatrone potAnAM chApAmAM sthAna ApavuM nahi, bane tyAM sudhI dharmanI carcAmAM paDavuM ja nahi ane tema karavAnI jarUra ja jaNAya te je dharma saMbaMdhI vivAda upasthita thaye heAya te dharmane vaDAnI AjJA meLavavI, sArA-mAThAne satvare pichAnavAnI buddhi khIlavavI ane gujarAtI bhASAmAM arabI ke phArasI bhASAnA zabdo bheLavavA nahi jethI binapArasIo, khAsa karI hiMdu vAcake paNa te barAbara samajI zake vagere. 165 varSa pramANamAM lAMbo samayagALe che. AvA lAMbA gALA daramyAna samAjamAM, dezamAM, prajanI vicArasaraNImAM moTuM parivartana Ave e svAbhAvika che. A dezamAM paNa Ama thayuM ja che. parivartana pAmatA samAjamAM patranI nIti palaTAya, paraMtu "muMbaI samAcAra" mATe eTaluM kahI zakAya ke tenA prathama pravartake tenA mATe nIti-niyamane je mAga kaMDArelo tenA para cAlavAne temanA sthAne AvanArAe niSThAbharyo prayAsa karyo che. pharadunajI marjhabAna sAmAnya mAnavI nahi, eka phirasta hatA. muMbaI choDI damaNa jatAM tyAM emaNe potAnuM bAkInuM jIvana je rIte pasAra karyuM te A vAta spaSTa karI jAya che. mAnavasamAja jenA mATe garva le evA A mahAmAnava dvArA A patrane uddabhava thayo ane A AnaMdasaMtoSanI vAta che ke emanA sthAne AvanArA ghaNA jIe emanI vicArasaraNI-nItirItinuM anusaraNa karyuM. uparanA lAMbA samayagALA daramyAna patranA saghaLA ja mAlike pArasIo rahyA che ane alpa samayanA be apavAda bAda karatAM taMtrIo paNa. A be apavAdo te janArdana vAsudeva ane temanA bhAI vinAyaka vAsudeva. banne mahAvidvAna, emAMnA pahelA tyAranI muMbaInI vaDI adAlatanA prathama hiMdI kAmacalAu nyAyamUti nimAyA ane bIjA sarakAranA "oriyenTala TrAnsaleTara" banyA. Azcaryajanaka lAge evI A vAta e che ke A banne vidvAna marAThI hatA ane pArasI mAlikInA gujarAtI chApAnA teo TUMka samaya mATe paNa taMtrI banyA. A bAbata avazya rasamaya ane noMdhanIya che. paNa vadhAre mAMdhanIya vAta to e che ke "muMbaI samAcAra" savizeSa gujarAtI hiMduonuM ane temAMya hiMdu vepArI varganuM ati priya patra che. chatAM, uparanAM a85 samayanA taMtrIpadanA apavAdane bAda karatAM. tenI mAlikI, saMcAlana, taMtrI sthAna pArasIo hastaka rahyAM che. A patre hiMdu ane pArasI samAja vacce ane Ama joIe to sau samAja vacce, mIThe saMbaMdha bAMdhavAmAM ane jALavavAmAM sarasa phALe Ape che. "muMbaI samAcAra"nA sUtradhAro bhAIbaMdha samAjomAM keTalo Adara ane vizvAsa dharAve che enI pratIti vividha prasaMge prajAe ApI ja che. A vRttapatra prajAnA khAsa karI gujarAta saurASTranI prajAnA sukha-duHkhanuM sAthI rahyuM che. A bhAgomAM paDelA kAramA kepo prasaMge jarUra jaNAtAM ke gujarAtane sAda saMbhaLAtA eNe vipattiomAM mukAyelAone sahAyabhUta thavA jude jude prasaMge lAkha rUpiyA bhegA karI ApyA che. enA rAhata-vahIvaTamAM prajAno eTale vizvAsa ke patra pote jaIne kahe ke have kALA svIkAravAnuM baMdha karavAmAM AvyuM che tyAM sudhI nANone dhodha vaheto rahe. prajAe ApelAM nANAMne prAmANika vahIvaTa thAya ane pIDitAnAM duHkha bane eTalAM pramANamAM ochAM thAya e mATenI patranA saMcAlakonI cIvaTa ane kALajI AdarapAtra banI che. patranA vizALa vAcakavarga hiMdu che. khAsa karI vepArIo, paNa te bhegA bhAIbaMdha samAjamAM paNa patrane sAro phelAvo che. pArasI, horA, muslima vagere samAjane lagatA vibhAgane patramAM lAMbA samayathI sthAna apAtuM AvyuM che. ema karatAM patranI sAmAjika ane dhArmika kSetro je sudhAraka nIti che ene 184] [sAmIpya ? oNkaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #76
spaSTa paDaze A vibhAgamAM paDato Avyo che. A samAjone sAre e bhAga sAmAnya rIte junavaTavAdI ke sthitirakSaka vicAro dharAve che, je ke emAM kALakrame palaTo Avato rahyo che, eTale A samAjanAM sonA eka bhAgane patranI A nIti nathI gamatI. teo tene virodha kare che. keTalIka veLA A virodha maryAdAnI hada oLagI jatAM, khaphA thayelA janavaTavAdIonA haste "muMbaI samAcAra'nA taMtrIone zArIrika yAtanA paNa sahana karavI paDI che. pharadunajI marjhabAnane zahenazAhIone sAmane kare paDe, karasanadAsa mULajIne jadunAthajI ane viSNu mahArAjane roSa vahAra paDe, narmadane potAnA bhAIonA khephanA bhoga banavuM paDe e to tyAre samaya jotAM samajyA, paNa vIsamI sadInA aMta tarapha ApaNe jhaDapI prayANa karI rahyA chIe tyAreya svataMtra dimAganA patrakArane AvI paristhitino kyAreka sAmane karavAno thAya tyAre, varSonA pracAra pachI samAje "sudhArAne sAra" spaSTa samajyA che kharA ? evo savAla pUchavAnuM mana thAya. muMbaI samAcAra" enA prAraMbhanAM varSomAM mukhyatve pArasIonuM patra hatuM. gujarAtI patrakAratvane lagabhaga Akhoya prathama yuga e pArasIone yuga che. patranI mAlikI, patrakAronI saMkhyA, vAcakavarga vagere daSTie paNa samaya vahetA gaye, "muMbaI samAcAra" vepArI varganuM vAjiMtra banyuM, pArasIo vyApAra ga cheDI nokarIo tarapha vaLyA ane "muMbaI samAcAra"nI lekapriyatA bhAIbaMdha vyApArI samAjamAM vadhavA mAMDI. emAM svAbhAvika pArasI praznonI carcA chaNAvaTa ochI thatI gaI ane vakhata jatAM lagabhaga baMdha thaI gaI. varaso pachI, pArasI samAjanA sudhAraka gaNAtA vargane ema lAgavA mAMDayuM ke temanA avAjane gugaLAvavAmAM Ave che, temanI vicAraNAne vAcA ApanAru koI nathI. "kayasare hinda" baMdha thaI jatAM AvI sthiti vizeSa spaSTa banI. mInuM desAInA taMtrI pada daramyAna "muMbaI samAcAra"mAM "pArasI tArI ArasIenA vibhAga zarU thayo ane dhImedhIme jora pakaDato gayo. ethI uttejita thaI patranA saMcAlakAe pArasI carcA saptAhamAM be veLA ApavA mAMDI-guruvAre gujarAtImAM ane ravivAre aMgrejImAM. A katAronuM AkarSaNa pArasI samAjamAM dinapratidina vadhatuM rahyuM che. niyamita "muMbaI samAcAra" na vAMcanArA paNa A katAre vAMcavA jijJAsA dharAve che. "jAme jamazeda" dainikanuM kada kathaLatuM jAya che te hakIkatamAM vakhatanA vahevA sAthe "muMbaI samAcAra" pArasI samAjamAM vizeSa prasAra pAme paNa kharuM. kamabaI samAcAra" sAmAnya rIte sudhAraka pravRttionuM, vicAradhArAnuM puraskartA che, paNa virodhI vicArone gugaLAvavAnuM eNe hitAvaha mAnyuM nathI. pite sudhAraka vicArone prasAra kare to sAme sthitirakSaka ke janavaTavAdI vicAradhArAnuM samarthana karato pratyuttara Ave to patra tene kheladilIpUrvaka AvakAre che ane tene potAnI katAromAM sthAna ApavAnI kALajI rAkhe che. ema karatAM patrane aMte saMpAdakanI noMdha" umerI saMpAdaka keTalIka veLA sAthosAtha potAnA vicAro darzAve che ane carcAne jIvaMta banAve che. eka sadI ane sADA cha dasakA daramyAna A patranI majalane AgaLa laI javAmAM tathA tenI upayogitA ane pratiSThA vadhAravAmAM aneka niSThAvAna patrakArone hisso che. e saune A ladhu lekhamAM saMbhAravAnuM zakya nathI, paNa je traNa taMtrIoe A dizAmAM bhAre mUlyavAna arpaNa karyuM che te vize saMkSiptamAM joIe. pharadunajI marjhabAna vize upara ullekha thaI gayo. 1866 nA jUna mAsanA pAchaLanA bhAganA aMkamAM patrane cheka chevaTe A pramANenI noMdha vaMcAya che: "A muMbaI samAcAra patra" muMbaInI korTamAM devaLanA mahelAmAM "TAImsa opha InDiyA"nI pAse naMbara 1 sAmaya : kaTobara '87 thI mArca, 1988] [185 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #77
vALA dharamAM peAtAne vAste mANekajI borajI mInAcaheraheAmajInAe chApyuM che." tA. 27-6-1866 thI mANekajI mInAcaheraheAmajInA A patranA mAlika ane taMtrI bane che. tA. 29-3-1898 ne dine emanA dehAMta thayA, yAne lAgaTa 32 varSa sudhI teoe A sthAna saMbhALyu. patranA uddayakALa emanA samayamAM thaye. mANekajI emanA samayanA saMskAravAmI hatA. eka bAju samAjanA hitanI kAMI keTalIya pravRttie sAthe emaNe peAtAnI jAtane sAMkaLI to khIjI bAju kAMI keTalAMya nAnAM-moTAM patrA, sAmayikA kADhayAM, vecANu lIdhAM, khIlavyAM ane na cAlyAM e baMdha paNu karyA. "dAtaraDuM" ane "hiMdI paMca" [aMgrejI-gujarAtI] jevAM prakAzanA dvArA ApaNA patrakAratvanI haLavI bAju khIlavavAmAM paNa emaNe phALA ApyA. Ara. pI. karakarIA jevA patrakAratvanA abhyAsIe temane "muMbaI samAcAra"ne tenI atyAranI UMcAIe pahoMcADanAra ane hiMdamAM patrakAratvanI bAbatamAM anupama sevA bajAvanAra mAnavI tarIke oLakhAvI umeryu che ke AvA khruddhizALI ane UMcA cAritryavALA mAnavIe muMbaInA jAhera AgevAnAmAM UMcuM sthAna meLavyuM heAta, paraMtu peAtAnA keTalAka samakAlIneAnI mAphaka bhASaNe karIne AgaLa AvavAnuM pasaMda karavAne badale temaNe peAtAnA akhabAra mAraphata leAkamata para asara karavAnuM ane ene ghaDavAnuM vadhAre pasaMda karyu che." A patra sAthe pUrA cAra dasakA sudhI saMkaLAyele bIjo mahArathI te maherajIbhAI pAlanajI mAdana. nAnI pAyarIethI zarUAta karI e patranA taMtrIsthAne paheAMcyA te bhegA Adaza patrakAra tarIke bhAre kIrti kamAyA. *baI samAcAra' vepArIvarganu vAjiMtra heAI maherabhAI vepArI viSayAnA UMDA abhyAsa karavAnI AvazyakatA pichAnatA. pariNAme temanA lekhe ane vepArI viSaye vizenI patranI rajUAta jANakAra ane lAgatAvaLagatA vargamAM AdarapAtra banatI. maherajIbhAInI A dizAmAMnI jANakArI ane abhyAsa eTalAM UMDA hatAM ke e patrakAra heAvA chatAM mahattvanA vepAra vANijyanA viSayamAM vepArI varga" ke temanA ma`DaLA emanuM mA darzIna mAMgatA ane inDiyana manTsa cembare temane tenI vyavasthApaka samitimAM sthAna ApyuM. sAva sAmAnya zALA zikSaNa meLavanAra, agiyAra varSanI vaye mAsika rUpiyA bAranA pagAre muMbaI samAcAra" sAthe sabadha joDanAra A jIva sAcA arthamAM patrakAratvanA jIva hatA, eTale 1875 thI 1915 nA cAra dAyakA daramyAna vRttavivecanane kSetre e AgaLa vadhatA gayA, "muMbaI samAcAra"ne AgaLa letA gayA ane gujarAtI patrakAratvanI AlamamAM evuM sthAna prApta karyuM ke amadAvAdanA premAbhAI hAlamAM gujarAtI patrakAra pariSada maLI tyAre e tenA pramukhasthAne hatA. A prasaMge temaNe kahyu hatuM : eka sAcA patrakAranI pharaja prAmata keLavavAnI, tene dareka dizAmAM AgaLa vadhavAne mArga batAvavAnI ane sarakAra tathA prajAne eka bIjAnI nema samAvI tee vaccenA sabaMdhane banI zake eTaleA vizvAsa ane ekhalAsa bharyA batAvavAnI che." 1915 mAM muMbaI samAcAra" sAthenA sabaMdha temaNe che|DatA A patranA eka vadhu tabakko-yAdagAra tabakko pUrA thayA. e pachIthI A patrane kA bhAra kathaLe che. mANekajI barajorajI mInAcaheraheAmajInA jevA pati patrakAranA putra kekhuzarU, jee pitA pachI patranA mAlika banyA che temanuM nabaLu` svAsthya ane khIjAya kAraNeAne laI patranuM saoNMcAlana karavuM temanA mATe muzkela ane Arthika javAbadArI vadhatAM sana 1921 mAM tee chApakhAnu ane patra navarAjI heAramasajI belagAmavALAne vecI nAMkhe che. belagAmavALA oNMgresa taraphI vicArA dharAvatA, gAMdhIjI mATe emane dhaNuA Adara hatA te bhegA bhAratanA rAjakAraNane kSetre AgaLa AvavAnI temanI tIvra icchA hatI. sarakArapakSI AgevAna aMgrejI akhabAra "TAImsa oNpha inDiyA"ne sabaLa sAmanA karatuM gujarAtI patra peAtAnuM muMbaI samAcAra' ane e vicAre e DAlI UThatA. A vicAraNAne 186] [sAmIpTa : oNkaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #78
amalamAM mUkavA temaNe pIDha patrakAra sorAbajI pAlanajI kApaDiyAnI patranA taMtrI sthAne nimaNUka karI. belagAmavALAnA jIvananAM aramAno jadAM hatAM, patra para e dhyAna ApI zakayA nahi, patra bhaMyakara Arthika bhIMsamAM sapaDAyuM ane chevaTe tyAranA bhAMgyA- tUTayA jevA banI gayelA A patranuM saMcAlana 1933 thI maMceracha nasaravAnajI kAmAnA hAthamAM AvyuM. emaNe bhasmamAMthI bhavyatA sajI je AkhA pustakano viSaya che. temanA A puruSArthamAM temanA taMtrI sorAbajI kApaDiyAnuM apaeNNa mUlyavAna hatuM. sattareka varSanI vaye patrakAranA vyavasAyamAM pitAnI jAtane sAMkaLanAra sorAbajI 80 varSanI vaye svargavAsa pAmyA tyAM sudhI patrakAra ja rahyA, jemAM 1921 thI 1961 sudhI pUrA cAra dAyakA, emaNe "muMbaI samAcAra"ne ApyA. "muMbaI samAcAra"nI kItikathAmAM emanAM nAma-kAma gavAtAM raheze. "muMbaI samAcAra"nI majalane nIce pramANenA tabakkAomAM vaheMcI zakAya ? - 1822 thI 1832 sudhIne pharadunajI marjhabAnanA samayagALAne prathama tabakake . - 1832 thI 1866 sudhIne cAra mAliko ane tera taMtrIonA saMcAlana heThaLano sAmAnya tabakko - tyAra pachI mInA caherAmajInA bApa-beTAnA saMcAlanavALo ekaMdare tejasvI tabakko - 1933 thI maMceracha kAmAnA netRtva heThaLa zarU thayela ane Aja paryata cAlu rahela suvarNa tabakko. eka sadI ane cha dasakAnA A sArA evA lAMbA samayagALAmAM lagabhaga eka bAra varSa enI sAthe niSThAthI saMkaLAyelA rahyA mANekajI mIne caherAmajInA, maherajIbhAI mAdana ane sorAbajI kApaDiyA. tyAra pachI kAmAjI ane temanA suputro ne zIra ane rustame ApaNuM prathama gujarAtI ane bIjA bhAratIya akhabArane sthira saMgIna pAyA para mUkavA karela puruSArtha ane arpaNa hajI tAjI vAta che. gujarAtI vRttavivecananI vikAsagAthAmAM enuM avazya agatyanuM sthAna raheze. Aje te samaya ghaNe badalAI gayo che, paNa patranA prAraMbhanA varSomAM jyAre paristhiti ghaNI jadI hatI, jJAna-vidyAne prasAra nAmano ja hato, janavaTa viruddha avAja uThAvavAnI samAjamAM koImAM tAkAta nahotI, aMdha dharmazraddhA e ja dharma manAto tyAre paNa "muMbaI samAcAra" tyArane vakhata vicArIne, dhIredhIre sudhArAno sAra potAnI rIte saMbhaLAvyo-samajAvyo hato. tyAre prajAne jyotiSa para bhAre zraddhA hatI, satIprathA, bahupatnItva, daheja, bALalagna vagere kurivAjo pracalita hatA, vahemI mAnyatAo sumAra vinAnI hatI, "samAcAre" prajAne-samAjane egya mArge doravavA mATe prayatna karyo. tenuM A dizAmAMnuM kArya koI Adarza dharmanAyaka ke samartha samAjasudhAraka ke niSThAvAna dezahitaciMtakane zobhe evuM hatuM. Ama karatAM prajAnI dharma paranI zraddhAne dhakko na lAge e mATe te kALajI rAkhatuM. AvI zraddhAnI himAyata karatAM zarUnA varSomAM teNe jaNAveluM : "bImArInA vakta upara potAnA dharamazAsatArane je kAMI zarIra zAMnatI tathA tenadarazatI Izavara pAse mAMgavAnuM bhaNatara hoe te bhaNavuM athavA bhaNAvavuM tathA garIba ane kaMgAla lokone anavadaMtara lakhazamI dAna tathA puna karavuM e bImAranA hakamAM ghaNuM phAdAvALuM che hemAM kaze zaka nathI." samayane susaMgata sudhArAno prasAra karatAM mAnavanI tenA dharma paratvenI sAcI - zraddhA tUTe nahi, ghaTe nahi ane sAcA dharmane e jANe pichAne-samaje ane te anusAra AcaraNa kare e A patrane prayAsa Aja paryata rahyo che. muMbaI samAcAra" AraMbhathI rASTravAdI patra rahyuM che. enAM dRSTAMto enA jUnA aMke uthalAvatAM jANavA maLe. atre eka ja nAMdhIe. 1857nA baLavA pachI dezIo paranI pakaDa vadhu majabUta karavA sAmaya : okaTobara '87 thI mArca, 1988] [187 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #79
zAsanakartAe kAMIne kAMI kadama bharatA ja rahyA. A sattA dinapratidina vadhu ane vadhu Apakhuda banatI jatI, paNa teNe jyAre akhabAranI AjhAdI paNa khUMcavI tyAre "muM baI samAcAre' tenA tA. 15-3-1876 nA aMkamAM kaDaka TIkA karI. enA sAra bhAga A pramANe che. briTanamAM zAsana rAjAnA hAthamAM heAvA chatAM tyAM prAsattAka sarakAra che, paNa A dilagIrInI vAta che ke hiMdustAnanI sarakAranA svarUpamAM pheraphAra karI ahI' sAva Apakhuda sarakAra sthApavAmAM AvI rahI che. keTalAka samayathI dezamAM adAlateAne kArAbArInA kabAmAM mUkavAmAM AvI rahI che.........hAI korTa gavana ra para je sattA bhAgave che te sAva dUra karavA kAje ane gavarnara janaralane hAIkorTa upara sattA ApavAnI mAMgaNI thaI rahI che. A mAgaNI vicitra nahi lAge kAraNa ke baMgALana! mAjI leTenanTa gavarnara sara jayeAja kaeNmpabele pArlAmenTamAM hiMmatathI jaNAvI dIdhuM che ke bhAratanA vAIsarAyanu gaurava mudhala zahenazAha jeTaluM ja rAkhavu joIe. Ama evI icchA rAkhavAmAM AvI che ke bhAratanA vAIsarAya mughala zahenazAha jeTaleA ja Apakhuda hai|ve joIe. bhAratamAM vAIsarAya AvI sattA tA dharAve ja che. dezanA hera vartamAnapatrAne enA kAmakAjanI TIkA karavAnA hakka che-paNa ema lAge che ke akhabAranI AjhAdI paNa khU'cavAI jaze vagere. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir A agAu lagabhaga sADA pAMca dasakA pUrve A patra prAraMbha akhakhAranI AjhAdI'nA lekhathI karele. teNe tenI svataMtra vicArasaraNI tyAra pachIya cAlu ja rAkhI tenuM A noMdhanIya dRSTAMta che. prajAnA hakka adhikAranI rakSA karavA patra sArI sajAgatA rAkhI che. dezanA AgevAnAnI hAkalane tenI katArAmAM sAruM sthAna maLatuM ane taMtro-nAMdhAmAM tenuM samana thatuM. koMgresanA kabaje gAMdhIjI hastaka AvatAM dezanI svata MtratA mATe temaNe je zastro upADayAM tenuM patre joradAra samarthana karyuM.... Ama karatAM tenA taMtrI sArAbajI kApaDiyAe jelavAsA vaDeA. praznamAM sArA phelAvA ane vagavasIleA dharAvatAra "muMbaI samAcAra' jevA patrane sabaLa TekA koMgresane AziSarUpa thaI paDaye patranI rAjakIya vicArasaraNI Ama prathamathI svataMtra hatI, rASTrIya hitanI hatI, prAnA svamAnane pAnA caDhAvatArI hatI, gulAmInI kheDIe teADavAmAM sIdhI ke ADakatarI rIte rAjakIya AgevAnetA prayAsAne samarthana ApanArI hatI. patranI A svataMtra nIti Aje ya cAlu ja che. AjanI prajAkIya sarakAra prajAnA hakka-adhikAra para tarApa mAravAnA koI prayAsa kare teA A sAga akhabAra te sAme joradAra avAja uThAve ja che, 188] A patranI janmatithie, tenI 140 mI varSagAMThe, tenA 19 mA tatrI mInu desAIe lakhela vicAra preraka vacanAthI ApaNuM sauprathama gujarAtI vRttapatra vizenA lekha pUrA karIe : "patrakAratva janatAnI sevAnuM eka ane ajoDa sAdhana che ane tethI ja patrakAra janatAne sevaka lekhAya che. e sevA teNe nirapekSabhAve karavAnI che...... : patrakAratva hunnara lekhe puNyazALI heAI zake yA pApamaya paNa banI zake che. samAjanA eka aMga lekhe e sarvAM gI sevAbhAvI heAI zake yA tamAma aniSTAnuM e sAdhana paNa banI zake, para`tu je leAkeA eka pavitra sAdhana tarIke e vyavasAyane jhaDapI laIne peAtAnA dezamAMdhavAnA hiMtamAM tenA sarvavyApaka upayoga karavA utsuka hAya temane mATe A vyavasAya eka ajoDa sAdhana che." "muMbaI samAcAra" saphaLa dhaMdhAdArI vyavasAya rahevA sAthe prAhitArthe kAma karatuM ane jAgRti dAkhavatuM sabaLa sAdhana paNa rahyuM ja che.' [sAmIpsa : kaTAbara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #80
dakSiNa gujarAtanA pATIdAro ane anAvilonI jJAti sudhAraNAnI dizA : 20 mI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM zirIna mahetA dakSiNa gujarAta briTiza hakumata heThaLa lagabhaga 1817 mAM AvatAM sAmAjika sudhAraNAnI bhUmikA ghaDAI. briTiza rAje te mATenI bAhya paristhiti pUrI pADI. dakSiNa gujarAtanA bharUca, surata ane valasADa ji9lAne AvarI letAM sane 1800 sudhImAM vAhanavyavahAra sAdhane UbhA ryA'. surata tApI relave lAIna naMkhAI. Adhanika keLavaNI paNa dAkhala karAI. gujarAtamAM keLavaNI pAmelAnI saMkhyAmAM surata jillAnuM 20 mI sadInI zarUAtamAM prathama sthAna hatuM. Ama aMgrejoe eka prakAranuM avasthApana-infrastructure UbhuM karyuM. sAmAjika sudhAraNA mATe bAhyabaLa UbhuM karavA uparAMta AMtarika dabANa paNa ApyuM. jene pariNume dakSiNa gujarAtanA samAjanA jJAti jevA sUkama saMgaThane Micro Institutions upara vyApaka asara thaI. 1850 mAM jJAtinI akSamatA dUra karato kAyade (Castes Disabilities Removal Act) pasAra karyo je dvArA eka vyakti bIja dharmane svIkAra kare ke bIjI jJAtimAM praveza meLave te milakatamAMthI tene haka rada nA thAya. briTiza sarakAre kAyadA viSayaka temaja nyAyakIya kSetre evAM pagalAM lIdhAM ke jJAtienA kAyadAo ane vyakti mATenI tenI chevaTanI nirNaya sattA upara tarApa paDI. 1856 mAM dhAravADanI sarakArI zALAmAM mahAra jJAtinA bALakane dAkhala karIne hukama muMbaI sarakAre A. 1872 mAM viziSTa lagnadhAra karyo. je dvArA koIpaNa vyakti game te dharma ke kemanI vyakti sAthe lagna kare to te lagna kAyadesara gaNAvyuM. 1876 mAM muMbaInI hAI korTa jAhera karyuM ke vidhavAne punarlagnanI chUTa ApatI ke vyaktinA lagnane nakArI kADhatI jJAtinI sattAne mAnya nahIM kare. Ama eka taraphathI jJAtinI vAyakIya sattA chInavI lIdhI jyAre bIjI bAja sarakAre jJAtinA saMgaThanone anumodana ApatI pravRtti paNa karI. 1857 ne baLavA bAda de-Brahmanisation brAhmaNapraNAlI viruddha nIti apanAvI. je dvArA nokarI mATenI arajIomAM jJAtino ullekha jarUrI banyo. vaLI 1872 thI vasati-gaNatarImAM jJAti pramANenI noMdhaNIne prAdhAnya maLyuM. keTalAka aMgrejoe vaLI jJAtinI paddhatimAM khUba rasa dAkhavI samAjazAstra ane nRvaMzazAstranI dRSTie abhyAsa karyo. A abhyAsa karanArA Elliot, Dalton, Sherring, Nesfield vagere hatA. Ama jJAtiprathAnuM 25STa vyavasthita citra UbhuM thayuM. aMgrejoe jJAti pratye eka tarapha Labelling ane bIjI tarapha pigeonholing anumodana ane sattA upara tarApa mAratI nIti apanAvI Ane pariNAme baMgALa ane muMbaI prAMtamAM keTalAka buddhijIvIoe samAja-sudhAraNAnI pravRtti AdarI. dakSiNa gujarAtanI jJAtisudhAraNa Macro Development-vistRta phalaka upara UbhI thayelI pravRttinA bhAgarUpe AvI. 19 mI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM baMgALanA elites-bhadra vagera brahmosamAjanI sthApanA karI. sarvadharmasamabhAva, vizvabaMdhutva ane vyakti svAtaMtrya upara bhAra mUke. brahmosamAjanA sudhArakoe Agraha rAkhe ke koIpaNa brahmosamAja lagna kare, tyAre teNe lekhita ApavuM ke te koIpaNa jJAti ke * rIDara, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda sAmIya ? oNkaTobara '87 thI mArca, 1988] [189 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #81
dharmamAM mAnato nathI. baMgALanI samAja sudhAraNAne paDagho 19 mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM muMbaI prAMtamAM paNa paDe. muMbaImAM 1867 mAM brahmasamAjanA ja pAyA upara prArthanA samAjanI sthApanA pragatizIla mAnasa dharAvatA, aMgrejI keLavaNI pAmelA vage karI. Ama briTiza zAsananI asarane pariNAme 19 mA saikAmAM UbhI thayelI samAjasudhAraNAnI pravRttinI be dizA vizeSa karIne rahI. eka brahmosamAja ane prArthanAsamAja jevI pravRttie pAzcAtya saMskRtinA mulya bhAratIya samAjamAM dAkhala karavA prayatno karyA. kAraNa A pravRttinA sUtradhAre aMgrejI keLavaNI lIdhelA, pazcimanI saMskRti, sAhitya ane jJAtiprathA vagarane samAjathI AkarSita thayelA hatA. jyAre bIjI bAju rAmakRSNa mizana ane AyasamAja jevA saMgaThanee hiMdu dharma ane hiMdu saMskRtinA pAyA upara samAja sudhAraNA rajU karI. AyasamAjanA sthApaka dayAnaMda sarasvatIe 1870 nA arasAmAM A AMdolana gujarAtamAM sthApavAno prayatna karyo, paraMtu niSphaLatA maLI hatI. gujarAtamAM A AMdolana paMjAbamAMthI parAvartita thaI AvyuM. vizeSa karIne khristI dharmaguruonI vaTALa pravRtti sAme virodha kabaLa UbhuM karavA kRddhi AMdolana je AryasamAje jAgRta karyuM hatuM, te pravRtti vaDodarA rAjyamAM zarU thaI. 1905 mAM paMjAbanA AtmArAma paMDitanI vaDodarAnA mahArAjA sayAjIrAve harijanomAM samAja sudhAraNAnI pravRtti calAvavA nimaNuMka karI. AryasamAje jJAtiprathAne virodha karyo paNa varNavyavasthAne Teko Ape. bALalagno niSedha gaNyA, vidhavA vivAha ane lagna viSayaka chokarA-chokarInI uMmara vadhAravA upara bhAra mUke. kanyA vikrayano virodha karyo. strI, puruSane samAna darajajo gaNI strIkeLavaNInI himAyata karI. AyasamAjanI keLavaNInI pravRtti khUba mahatvanI rahI ane gujarAtamAM AryasamAja gurukuLa sthApavAmAM AvyA. kheDA jillAnA ane dakSiNa gujarAtamAM pATIdAra, anAvilo ane audicya brAhmaNomAM khUba phelAyuM. surata jillAmAM gAmaDAomAM AryasamAja AMdolananI pravRttinA keMdro jevAM ke bAjIpurA, sUpa, mocA, vAMjha, zikara vagere sthaLoe UbhAM thayAM. 20 mI sadInI zarUAtamAM nagInadAsa tribhuvanadAsa mAstara, bhaktibhAI durlabhabhAI, khuzAlabhAI makanabhAI, amAIbhAI vagere jANItA dakSiNa gujarAtanA AryasamAjI hatA. supa AryasamAja gurukuLanI sthApanA thaI hatI. AryasamAja maMdiro sthapAyA hatA. dakSiNa gujarAtamAM jJAtisudhAraNAnI pravRtti AryasamAja A delananI asararUpe AvI. prArthanAsamAja ke brahmosamAjanA vicAronA pAyA upara A pravRtti cAlatI na hatI. jJAtisudhAraNanI pravRtti calAvanArA sUtradhAro AryasamAjIe hatA.4 Ama briTizarAjane pariNAme je bAhya temaja AMtarika dabANa UbhuM thayuM ane tenA paripAkarUpe je vistRta phalaka upara samAjasudhAraNAnI prakriyA UbhI thaI tenuM pratibiMba sthAnika kakSAe dakSiNa gujarAtamAM jhIlAyuM ane jJAti sudhAraNuM hAtha dharAI. A pravRtti zahera pUratI maryAdita na rahetA gAmaDA tarapha phelAI. sudhAraNAnA sUtradhAro kevaLa zaheranA buddhijIvIo ja na hatA. paraMtu gAmaDAnA keLavAyelA zikSitone samAveza thato hato. Ama dakSiNa gujarAtanI jJAti sudhAraNAnuM baLa kendragArma Centripetal nA rahetA kendro pasArI Centrifugal banyuM. A pUrvabhUmikAmAM backdrop mAM A lekhane hetu dakSiNa gujarAtanI mahattvanI anAvila ane pATIdAra komamAM jJAti sudhAraNanI pravRtti kayA paribaLone lIdhe AvI ane emAM kAyakarAnI sAmAjika bhUmikA kevI hatI te tapAsavAne che. jJAtinA rUDhigata praNAlikAgata mALakhAmAM AvelA parivartananuM svarUpa ane sudhAraNAnI dizAnuM vizleSaNa karavAnuM che. - dakSiNa gujarAtamAM pATIdAro ane anAvilemAM jJAtisudhAraNAnI jhuMbeza zarU thaI tenuM mukhya kAraNa sAmAjika mALakhAnA uccastaramAM teo hatA. 20 mI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM dakSiNa gujarAta mukhyatve khetIpradhAna hato. tenI 76 TakA vastI khetI upara nabhatI hatI. surata jillAmAM jApharaalI mila 1908 mAM zarU thaI hatI. kapAsa loDhavAnA presIga ane jInIMga kArakhAnAM zarU thayAM hatAM. paraMtu amadAvAdamAM A 190] [sAmIya ? oNkaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #82
samaye lagabhaga 30 jeTalI mile hatI. vaDodarAmAM elembikanuM rAsAyaNika kArakhAnuM hatuM. ane AsapAsanA vistAromAM khAMDa banAvavAnA kArakhAnAM hatAM. muMbaI paNa eka audyogika zaheranI pratibhA prApta karatuM jatuM hatuM, paraMtu dakSiNa gujarAtanI kALI jamInamAM thatA kapAsa, zeraDI, tamAka jevI khetapedAzo IgleMDamAM kAcA mAla tarIka jatI. Ama dakSiNa gujarAtanA jillAo IMgleMDanA saMlagna saMsthAnI jillAo banI rahyA hatA. (Colonial adjunct).1 A kheDUta samAjanA pirAmiDa AkAranA mALakhAmAM pATIdAra ane anAvilo upalA stare birAjamAna hatA, paraMtu aMgrejoe ahIM reyatavArI prathA dAkhala karavAthI teo nAnI jamInanA TukaDA dharAvatA madhyamavargI jamIna mAlike hatA. aMgrejoe occupancy rights-jamIna bhegavaTAnA adhikAro ApyA hatA. A samAjamAM moTA jamInadAra ke sthApita maThAdhIze dharmaguruo jevI Macro Institutions -bRhatasaMsthAone abhAva hato. jJAtisaMgaThana, mahAjano, mahollApALa samitio jevI sUma saMsthAo Micro Institutions nI samAjamAM pakaDa hatI. A samAjamAM pATIdAra ane anAvilonuM jJAti vaga tarIkenuM sthAna otaprota hatuM. pATIdArone sAmAjika ane Arthika darajajo ekabIjA sAthe gADha rIte saMkaLAyelo hate. vaLI A vagamAM khetInI upaja karatAM dakSiNa AphrikA, moreziyasa, barmA vagere jagyAe jaI vaselA kuTuMbIjane temane dara varSe ghaNuM nANuM mokalatA. tethI videzI nANunA saMcArane pariNAme pATIdAra ane anAvilo dakSiNa gujarAtamAM Arthika mobho paNa dharAvatA. ahIM rAjakIya sabhAnatA vAtAvaraNamAM khUba vartAtI hatI. 1907 mAM hiMdI rASTrIya mahAsabhA athavA keMgresanI beThaka surata khAte bharAI hatI. koMgresanA beya jUtha-mavALavAdI temaja udAmavAdInI vicArasaraNI pracalita hatI. jillA keMgresa, tAlukA koMgresa samitio temaja sudharAIomAM mavALavAdIonuM saMkhyAbaLa sArA pramANamAM rahetuM. suratamAMthI mavALavAdIonuM mukhapatra "gujarAtI" nIkaLatuM. suratamAM A samaye udAmavAdI vicArasaraNInuM jora paNa ochuM hatuM. suratanA vikhyAta traNa DokaTara (trio) maganalAla motIrAma mahetA, mohananAtha kedAranAtha dIkSita ane manaMtarAya madanarAya rAyajI udAmavAdI saMsthA (Nationalist Association) nezanAlIsTa esosIezana" athavA "svadezI saMdha" calAvatA. teo "zakti' nAmanuM patra kADhatA.9 1906 nA arasAmAM vaDodarA kolejamAM baMgALanA vikhyAta kAMtivIra araviMda ghoSa prAdhyApaka hatA tyAre vaDodarAmAM Terrorist Activities AtyaMtika AMdolanane lagatI pravRttio zarU thaI hatI. 1905 mAM paDelA baMgALanA bhAgalAnA AMdolananuM te svarUpa hatuM. vaDodarA rAjyanA subA ke. jI. dezapAMDee yuvAnone krAMtikArI Dhabe tAlIma ApavA "gaMgAnAtha bhAratIya vidyAlaya' nAmanI saMsthAnI sthApanA karI hatI. lagabhaga 60 jeTalA yuvAne tAlIma letA hatA. dakSiNa gujarAtanA keTalAka pATIdAra anAvila yuvAno paNa joDAyA. kheDA jillAnA traNa mahArathIo paNa vaDodarA rAjyamAM nokarI karatA. pUjAbhAI bhaTTa, mohanalAla paMDayA ane narasiMhabhAI paTelanI krAMtikArI vicArasaraNI dakSiNa gujarAtanA jillAomAM phelAI hatI. narasiMhabhAI paTele boMba banAvavAnAM sUtro "sAbu banAvavAnI rIta ane vanaspati davA' e zIrSaka heThaLa patrikAo vahecI hatI.8 dakSiNa gujarAtamAM briTiza rAjyane pariNAme tema ja samAjasudhAraNAnI pravRti baMgALa, muMbaI prAMtamAMthI rAjakIya krAMtikArI pravAhonI asaranA paripAkarUpe AvI. bIjI komo karatAM pATIdAra ane sAmIpya : oNkaTobara 187 thI mArca 1988 [191 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #83
anAvilee A pravAhe jhIlyA tenuM mukhya kAraNa temano sAmAjika darajajo ane Arthika mobhe UMcA hatA. A vAtAvaraNanAM paribaLo jhIlanArAomAM mahattvanA be pATIdAra bhAIo kuMvarajI vI. mahetA (I. sa. 1886-1980) ane kalyANajIbhAI vI. mahetA (i. sa. 1890-1973) hatA. teo surata jillAnA coryAsI tAlukAnA vAMjha gAmanA hatA ane bIjA anAvilomAM dayALajI nAnubhAI desAI (I. sa. 1877-1994). dakSiNa gujarAtanA sudhAraka tarIke "dala-kala"nI jeDIthI pAchaLathI vikhyAta banelA. zarUAtamAM temano jhoka baMgabhaMganA AMdolanothI 2'gAI krAMtikArI tarapha DhaLelo hato. kuMvarajI ane kalyANajI nALiyeranI kAcalImAM kANuM pADI boMbane pAvaDara bharI baeNba banAvatA. jo ke temaNe kadI tene upayoga na karyo, paraMtu pAchaLathI dakSiNa AphrikAthI nIkaLatuM gAMdhIjInuM sAptAhika "IDijhana opiniyana'nA paricayamAM AvatA A pravRttine temaNe pitAnA kAryakramano bhAga banAvI hatI. rAjakIya vicArasaraNImAM teo uddAmavAdI hatA. tilaka, lAlA lajapatarAya temanA vIrapuruSo hatA. 1907mAM temaNe keMgresamAM hAjarI ApI hatI. phreMca gArDanamAM UbhA karAyelA kAMgresa maMDapamAM jyAre mavALavAdI ane uddAmavAdIo vacce dhAMdhala-dhamAla thatAM tilakane khabhA upara UMcakI laI maMDapamAMthI bahAra kADhanArA kuMvarajI* bhAI ane temanA sAthIdAro hatA. vaLI kuMvarajIbhAInA patA viThThalabhAI ane kAkA mavALajI prakhara AryasamAjI hatA. vAMjha ane tenA paDozamAM AveluM bAjIpurA AryasamAjane ahI hatuM. kalyANajIbhAInA zabdomAM kahIe te "dakSiNa AphrikAnA satyAgrahanI laDatamAMthI je cinagArI maLelI, te AryasamAjanI preraNAthI samAja sudhAraNAnI jhuMbezamAM pariNamI."e nA lArapuruSo hatA. 1907mAM te uddAmavAta - ''T 91. 6ca gArDanamAM UbhA kAra A be pATIdAra bhAIoe vAMjha gAmamAM 1908 mAM sAta vyaktiothI "pATIdAra yuvaka maMDaLanI sthApanA karI. A maMDaLane dayeya pATIdAra komamAM keLavaNI phelAvavI, samAjasudhAraNa karavI, kurivAje nAbUda karavA ane te aMge lokajAgRti ke sabhAnatA keLavavI, temaja kheDUtahitonuM rakSaNa karavAnA hatA. kuMvarajI ane kalyANajI leuvA pATIdAra hatA ane zarUAtanI maMDaLanI pravRtti leuvA pATIdAra jJAti pUratI ja maryAdita hatI, paraMtu TUMka samayamAM ja tenI pravRttine vyApa Coil nI mAphaka keMdramAMthI zarU thaI vartuLAkAre cAre bAja phelAI jAya tema phelAtA vAra nA lAgI. pATIdAra kemanA yuvAvaganA jIvaMta pragatizIlata ahIM ekatrita thatA vAra nA lAgI. maMDaLe pitAnA vicAre pATIdAra samAja samakSa raju karavA potAnuM mukhapatra "pATIdAra hitecchu" mAsika, vAMjha gAme zarU karyuM. A patrane dayeya tenA mukhapRSTa upara ja suMdara kAvyamaya zailImAM chapAta UThe pATIdAro tame hAMsa dharo karo premathI jJAti maLe sudhAre, sudhAro sudhAne jamAna lUTe che, UMghe jANaje bhAgyadevI rUThe che." barAbara A ja samaye vaDodarA rAjyamAM sinera gAmamAMthI goradhanabhAI kahAnadAsa amIna "paTela badha' mAsika kADhatA. jJAti sudhAraNa mATe prajAmata keLavavAmAM A mAsikane kALA mahattvane hatA. zarUAtamAM lagabhaga 1915 sudhI A mAsikane avAja mavALavAdI 2o. briTiza sarakArane vaphAdArI darzAvatA sUtra paNa lakhAtA. vakhato vakhata "mAyALu sarakAra" tarIke ullekha thato. "bALa lagna" niSedha uparanA lekhamAM vAMjhanA zikSaka rAmabhAI kALIdAsa nedhe che-"musalamAna bAdazAhanA vakhatovakhata thatA humalAne pariNAme sAmIpya : oNkaTobara '87 thI mArca 1988 192 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #84
madhyayugamAM sahIsalAmatI khAtara dIkarIo nAnI vaye paraNAvI devAtI, paNa have mAyALu sarakAranA rAjyamAM saleha che." pATIdAra hitecchanA viSaye mukhyatve traNa rahyA hatA. (1) jJAti-sudhAraNa-kurivAjonI nAbUdI (2) keLavaNIno pracAra (3) kheDUta samAjanI samasyAonI rajUAta. chatAM paNa A samayane pATIdAra samAja Arthika daSTie eka varga tarIkenI sabhAnatAvALo "Class in itself' hato ane rAjakIya jAgRtine abhAva hato eTale "Not class for itself' kahI zakAya.11 jJAti sudhAraNA aMgenuM vyavasthita AMdolana leka jAgRti keLavavA A mAsikoe zarU karyuM. vAMjha gAmanA zikSaka ane dakSiNa gujarAtanA pATIdAra kAmanA sudhArakonA lekho mAsikamAM chapAvA mAMDayA. A lekhonA mukhya viSayo bALalagna, kanyAvikya, maraNa pAchaLanAM bAramA vagere hatA. lakhANa kAvya, vArtA ke niMbadha rUpe rahetuM. lakhANanI bhASA sAdI, saraLa lokabhogya hatI. okaTobara 1909 nA aMkamAM eka vRddhanA bAramA pAchaLa jamaNavAra karyA pachI DosImAM kevA khuvAra thaI jAya che teno citAra ApatuM suMdara kAvya DosImAnI haiyAvarALa'e zIrSaka heThaLa lakhAyeluM che.12 jJAti sudhAraNAnI jhuMbeza AryasamAjanI samAja sudhAraNAnA pAyA upara hatI. AyasamAje varNa | hatI, jJAtine virodha karyo hato. bALalagna ane kanyAvikrayane virodha karyo. lagna viSayaka chokarA-chokarInI uMmara vadhAravA upara bhAra mUkyo. vidhavAvivAhane Teke Aye. strIpuruSone samAna darajajo gaNI strIkeLavaNIne khUba pracAra karyo. A mUlyo upara pATIdAronI samAjasudhAraNAnI pravRttio cAlI. pATIdAromAM keLavaNInuM pramANa vadhAravA "pATIdAra hitecchu"e keLavaNuM upara column zarU karI. vaLI kheDA jillAnA pATIdAromAM keLavaNI ghaNI phelAyelI che ema vakhato vakhata lakhavAmAM AvatuM ane dakSiNa gujarAtamAM mAtra AMgaLIne veDhe gaNAya tevA ucca zikSaNa pAmelAonAM nAma prasiddha karatA. kuMvarajIbhAInI IcchA suratamAM gAmaDAnA vidyArthIone rahevA karavAnI sagavaDa ApI zaherI keLavaNIno lAbha meLavI zake te mATe boDiga hAusa sthApavAnI utkaTa icchI hatI, paraMtu phaDane abhAva hato. mATe keLavaNInI jarUriyAta pATIdAromAM pedA thAya te aMge lakhANa lakhyAM.13 aMgrejI keLavaNInI temaja aMgrejI bhASAnA zikSaNanI himAyata karavAmAM AvI. kheDUtoe dhaMdhAkIya zikSaNa levuM joIe ane kRSi zikSaNa aMgrejImAM apAya che mATe aMgrejI zIkhavuM jarUrI che. keLavaNIne abhAva kheDUtonI dUradazAnuM kAraNa che ema jaNAvyuM. pATIdAra yuvakamaMDaLa Direct Action - sIdhI ja kAryavAhI karavAmAM mAnatuM. 1909 pATIdAronI peTA jJAti balezvara paMcanI eka sabhA palasANa tAlukAnA dharamadA gAme maLI tyAre kuMvarajIbhAIe vidyAthI mATe beMkiMga hAusanI jarUriyAta upara bhASaNa karI sArI asara upajAvI. pATIdAro petAno phALo AvAM sArAM kAmamAM noMdhAvA tatpara thayA. kAryane varelA kuMvarajIbhAI lakhANethI besI nA rahetA maMDaLanA sAthIdAro sAthe nIkaLI paDI taka joI yAM bAramAnA jamavAra thatAM tyAM gADA upara caDhIne bALalane baMdha karavA, maraNa pAchaLanA "hInA lADavA" baMdha karavA, raDavA phUTavAnuM baMdha karavA ane nAnA nAnA jJAti-peTAjJAtionA goLa teDI vizALatA prApta karavA bhASaNa ApatA.14 navembara, 1909 mAM pATIdAra hitecchuM ane paTelabaMdhu eka thayA. 1912 thI kevaLa paTelabaMdha nAmathI ja mAsika nIkaLatuM thayuM. paTelabaMdhuno phelAvo ghaNuM vadhyo. viSayanuM vaividhya AvyuM. temAM pATIdAra sAmIpya : oNkaTobara 87 thI mArca 1988 [193 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #85
uparAMta bIjI jJAtinA lekhakone paNa samAveza karavAmAM Avato. jJAti sudhAraNAnI pravRttine vega maLe. pATIdAronI Caste Identity - jJAti sAthe tAdAtmya oLakhanI majabUta bhUmikA ghaDAI. sAthe sAthe dhaMdhAkIya tAdAmya Occupational Identity - paNa AvyuM. kheDUtonI durdazA mATe javAbadAra paribaLAmAM temanI ajJAnatA, keLavaNIne abhAva, jJAtinA kurivAjo, devuM-karaja, lagna ane marattara kriyA mATe thatA lakhalUTa kharcA vagere jaNAvavAmAM AvatA. temanI durdazAne rASa "prapaMcI pApI vepArIo" "huracA vANiyAo", "kapaTI Thaga zAhukAro" hatA. paraMtu sarakAra sAme koIpaNa prakArano roSa na hato. kavi dalapatarAma DAhyAbhAInI kavitA "kheDUto dareka dezamAM stabhaMrUpa che' e batAvavA nAMdhAtI ke "kaNabI pAchaLa kroDa, kaNabI nahi koInI pAchaLa'; paraMtu eka varga tarIke rAjakIya jAgRtino abhAva hato. paraMtu pATIdAra pratinidhi samAja amadAvAdanA vikhyAta berIsTara paTela maganabhAI caturabhAInA netRtva heThaLa 1909 mAM sthapAyo hato. jeno hetu bIjA gAmanA pATIdArone paNa jJAti sudhAraNAmAM bheLavavAne hati. paTela baMdhumAM paNa naDiyAdanA viThThaladAsa dhanajIbhAI paTelanA kramabaMdha lekhe "gujarAtanA pATIdAroe zIrSaka heThaLa AvavA mAMDayAM hatA. pATIdAronI ekatA, saMpa ane sudhArA upara bhAra mUkAtA.15 paTelabaMdhamAM 1909 thI karmavIra gAMdhInA pheTA chapAvavA mAMDayA. dakSiNa AphrikAnI laDatanA samAcAra savistArathI AvatA. dakSiNa AphrikAnA satyAgrahane Take ane madada karavA pATIdArane vinaMtI thatI. sAthe sAthe khetI viSayaka vaijJAnika mAhitI 2jU thatI. "khetIvADI vijJAna' patranA taMtrI dulerAya sI. aMjAriyA ane madrAsanA DepyuTI DAyarekaTara oNpha egrIkalcara gaNapatarAma dayArAma mahetAnA lekhe chapAtA. jaMtunAzaka davAo, rAsAyaNika khAtara, bIja sudhAraNuM, sahakArI dukAna, kaeN-pareTIva kreDITa sosAyaTI temaja khetIne mATe upayogI jAnavaronI pedAza sudhAravA viSe lekho AvatA. 16 A prayAsothI saMtoSa nA mAnatA 1910 mAM pATIdAra yuvaka maMDaLe suratanA pATIdAronA sUtradhArAne vizvAsamAM laI pahelI pATIdAra pariSada 15, 16, 17 jAnyuArI 1910 mAM coryAsI tAlukAnA vAMjha. gAme bolAvI. tene dhyeya samAja sudhAraNA ane kheDUtonA hitane lagatA dareka praznonI carcA karavAne hatA. vakhatovakhata gujarAtamAM leuvA, kaDavA, mAtIA, AMjaNAnI peTAjJAti pariSado alaga alaga maLatI. jJAtionA kurivAje viruddha ane kheDUtone khetIvADInuM zikSaNa ApatI gujarAtInA mAdhyamavALI zALA kaeNlejo gAmaDA sudhI sthApavA nAmadAra sarakArane vinaMtI karatA TharAvo paNa rajU thatA. paratu samagra gujarAtanA pATIdAronI peTAjJAtine AvarI letI pariSada pahelI vAra maLI. have pachI tAlukAo, jilAone AvarI letI pATIdAra pariSada thavA mAMDI. 1913 mAM bAraDolI tAlukAmAM moTA gAme, 1914 mAM surata khAte pATIdAra pariSada bharAI. 3-4- ane 5 phebruArI, 1917 mAM cothI pATIdAra pariSada kAThiyAvADanA pATIdArone AvarI letI kAThiyAvADamAM jUnAgaDhamAM maganabhAI caturabhAI paTelanA pramukhapada heThaLa maLI. A pariSadamAM kAyamI mahesUla, veThane pratibaMdha, maphata pharajiyAta keLavaNI, grAma paMcAyatanI sthApanA temaja maraNettara varA, bALalagna, dahejaprathA nAbUta karatA TharAva pasAra thatA. pratinidhionI salAhakAra samiti sthApavAmAM AvI. Ama, 1914 thI pATIdAra komanI eka varga tarIkenI jAgRti jovA maLe che. nAti prathAnA varga tarapha jhaDapathI pATIdAra kome prayANa karavA mAMDayuM. sAthe sAthe pATIdAra jUthanI prAdezika sugrathitatAnA joDANAno vyApa paNa vadhato jato hato. 1913 mAM hiMdabharanA kheDUtonI karma pariSada yu. pI. nA bArAbAjI khAte bharAI. temAM samagra gujarAtamAMthI pATIdAra yuvaka maMDaLa taraphathI kavarajIbhAIe bhAga lIdhe. pariNAme kuMvarajIbhAInA prayatnathI 1914 mAM kheDA jillAmAMnA prakhyAta 194] sAmIya : oNkaTobara 87 thI mArca 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #86
baeNrisTara viThThalabhAI jhaverabhAI paTelanA pramukhapada heThaLa amadAvAdamAM akhila hiMda kRmi pariSada bharAI.17 1914mAM "paTela baMdhu'mAM pahelI ja vAra sarakAranI khetI viSayaka jamIna mahesUlane lagatI TIkAo karatA baMgALanA AI. sI. esa. thayelA arthazAstrInA chapAze lakhAyA che. 1917 mAM "jayasvadeza'mAM nhAnAlAla kavinAM kAvyo, kheDA jillAne lIlo dukALa, sarakAranI jamIna mahesUla ugharAvavAnI nItinI TIkAo karatA kalyANajI vi. mahetAnA lekhe chapAyA che. gAMdhIjInA pramukhapade paMcamahAla jillAmAM godharA khAte maLelI pahelI rAjakIya pariSadane pUrepUro vigate hevAla rajU thayo che ane gAMdhIjInuM bhASaNa chapAyuM che. vaLI eja aMkamAM (na., 1917) gAMdhIjInA pramukhapaNA heThaLa bharUca khAte maLelI gujarAta keLavaNI pariSada joga temanuM bhASaNa chapAyuM che. kheDUtone amaladAro sAme nirbhayI banavA aMgenI rajUAta upara prakAza pADayo che. okaTobara, 1918 nA paTelabaMdhumAM noMdhAyuM che, "kheDUto rAjyane moTAmAM moTuM jamIna mahesUla Ape paNa temanA bALake keLavavA sarakAra darakAra rAkhatI nathI." paTela baMdhu A arasAmAM jAhera kare che, "saghaLAM duHkhone eka ja rAmabANa upAya svarAjya che." 18 1911 mAM pATIdAra yuvaka maMDaLa jJAtipravRttimAM mahattvanuM pagaluM lIdhuM. pATIdAra beDiga hAusanI sthApanA karI. tenuM mukhya dhyeya pATIdAra vidyArthIomAM keLavaNI vikase, zaherI keLavaNI meLavavA gAmaDAnA vidyArthIne sugamatA rahe e hato. vaLI samAjasudhAraNA ane dezadAjhanI lAgaNI sahelAIthI vidyAthIMjagatamAM vikasI zake che, e kuMvarajI jANatA. temanI pravRttiomAM vidyArthIone temaja temanA mAbApanA TekAnI temane AvazyakatA jaNAI. 1915 thI A boDiga hAusanuM nAma dakSiNa gujarAtamAM je pAchaLathI khUba jANItI saMsthA banI te "pATIdAra Azrama rakhAyuM. AraMbhamAM A saMsthA kevaLa leuvA pATIdAra vidyAthI ne dAkhala karatI. paraMtu pAchaLathI badhI ja peTAjJAtinA vidyArthIone praveza maLavA lAgyo. jJAtinI custa vADAbaMdhInuM pratibiMba ahIM paNa jaNAvyuM, leuvA sauthI UMcA hAI mAtI A sAthe jamatA nahIM. paraMtu kaMvarajIe pahelethI ja badhAne sAthe ja besI jamavAnI prathA pADI. Ane lIdhe pATIdAra kemane rUDhicusta varga uzkerAyo ane kuMvarajIne nAta bahAra mUkavAnI dhamakI paNa ApI. paraMtu dakSiNa AphrikAthI AvelA vidyArthIo temaja je vidyArthI bhegA jamI cUkyA hatA temanA TekAthI, samAgama ane saMmizraNanI prakriyA zarU thatAM kuMvarajIbhAInI jJAtinI sudhAraNAnI pravRttie sImAcihnarUpa saphaLatA prApta karI. A Fusion ne pariNAme binasAMpradAyikatA ane lokazAhI praNAlI tarapha pATIdAra AzramanI pravRtti DhaLatI gaI. pATIdAra jJAtimAM eka jJAti tarIkenA tAdAsyanI sAthe sAthe pitAnA sAmAjika darajajanuM punaH arthakaraNa Reinterpretation of social status e bhAvanA paNa jAgRta thatA. pATIdAra AzramamAM sAMskRtikIkaraNanI prakriyA zarU thaI. brAhmaNonI mAphaka vidyAthIone temaNe yajJopavIta vidhi zarU karAvI ane badhAne janoI paherAvI. barAbara Aja arasAmAM paTelabadhumAM suratathI goradhanabhAI DAhyAbhAI eMjIniyare pATIdAromAM pracalita "chUTAcheDAnA rivAja' viruddha nibaMdha lakhyo. jemAM temaNe jaNAvyuM ke lagna e to strI-puruSanuM pavitra baMdhana che ane jema brAhmaNa, vANiyA ane bIjI ucca jJAtimAM A rivAja nathI tema ApaNAmAM paNa nA hovo joIe'. "pATIdAra Azrama" e pATIdAranA yuvAna vargane zistanI suMdara tAlima ApatuM kendra banyuM. A vidyAthIe paTela baMdhumAM lakhatA. 1912 mAM temaNe evA samAjanI sthApanA karI dukALa, InphalyuenjhA, kudaratI AphatomAM A vidyAthIo dakSiNa gujarAtamAM leka sevA karavA kaTIbaddha rahetA. AzramamAM sAhityika pravRtti, sAmAjika sudhAraNAnI pravRtti cAlatI. dakSiNa AphrikAmAM cAlatA sabhAgRhane phaMDa mokalavA mahine ekavAra bhojanane tyAga karatA. Ama AzramanI pravRtti kuMvarajIbhAIe zarU karelI samAja sudhAraNAnI vizALa pravRttine TekArU5 nIvaDI.19 sAmIpya : oNkaTobara '87 thI mArca 1988 [195 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #87
pATIdAronI mAphaka dayALajIbhAI nAnubhAI desAI (I. sa. 1877-1943)e anAvila brAhmaNamAM paNa A ja rIte pravRtti upADI. svAmI vivekAnaMda ane svAmI rAmatIthathI teo AkarSAyA hatA. sarakArI mahesUla khAtAmAM kArakuna hatA. bAraDolI tAlukAmAM vAloDa gAmanI sarakArI kacerImAM hatA. kuMvarajI karatAM paNa pahelAM koMgresa sAthe te saMkaLAyelA hatA. tilaka ane lajapatarAya tarapha DhaLatA temanA rAjakIya vicAre hatA. homarUla AMdolana sAthe paNa te saMkaLAyelA hatA. samAjasudhAraNAnI dhagaza hatI ane jJAtisudhAraNuM dvArA ja te zakaya banI zake tema mAnatA. pariNAme anAvila brAhmaNomAM paNa temaNe kuMvarajIbhAInI mAphaka maMDaLa ane jJAti pariSadanI pravRtti upADI.20 1906mAM temaNe "anAvila vidyArthI AzramanI sthApanA suratamAM karI. temano hetu temanA ja zabdomAM kahIe to "vidyAthIomAM jJAnanI jyota pragaTAvI temanA cAritranuM dhaDatara deza ane samAja sevA mATe karavuM." dayALajIbhAInI AzramanI jImakhAnA pravRtti khUba jANItI hatI. dakSiNa AphrikAnA satyAgrahamAM teoe paNa bhojanano tyAga karI phaMDa ApyuM hatuM. anAvila Azrama khUba vikhyAta hatA. dakSiNa gujarAtamAM bhAgye ja koI ghara anAvila brAhmaNanuM haze jene potAne tyAMthI vidyAthIne nahIM meka heAya. 1917mAM dayALajIbhAInA AzramanA ja kaMpAunDamAM vanitA-zALA nAnIbena TI. gajajara (TI. ke. gajajaranA patnI)nI preraNAthI sthApI. 1 1910 dayALajIe jJAti sudhAraNAnI pravRtti mATe "anAvila sevaka" nAmanuM mukhapatra zarU karyuM. anAvila sevaka jJAtine lagatI aneka pravRttinI jANakArI, rAjakIya samAcAra ane samAjasudhAraNAnA lekha chapAtA. strI keLavaNI, vidhavA vivAha, bALalagna niSedha ane dahejaprathA sAthe temaNe paNuM vyavasthita pAyA upara pracAra pravRtti AdarI. dayALajIe anAvila brAhmaNanA "brAhmaNane jAgRta karavA prayatna karyo. vedakAlIna brAhmaNenAM samAjanA je kAryo ane pharajo hatAM te upADI levAM joIe. anAvila brAhmAne sAmAjika darajajo pahelethI ja UMce hovAthI "jJAti tAdAsya" Caste Identification nI samasyA na hatI. 1911 thI anAvila AzramanA kaMpAunDamAM ja anAvila jJAtipariSada bolAvavI zarU karI. dayALajIbhAIe rAvabahAdara khaMDabhAI gutAbhAI desAI jevA ucca sarakArI adhikArIo ane muMbaInA vakIla bhulAbhAI desAI jevAnI madadathI A jJAti pariSadonI pravRtti zarU karI. dahejaprathA, bahupatnItva jevA kurivAjo sAme temaNe khUba lakhyuM, pracAra karyo paNa ochI saphaLatA maLI. lagnanA ochA kharcA karavA paNa temaNe prayAsa karyo. keLavaNInA phelAvA upara bhAra mUkyo. Ama dayALajIbhAIne kuMvarajIbhAInA pramANamAM jJAti-sudhAraNAnI jhuMbezamAM ochI saphaLatA maLI. paraMtu samAstarIya jJAti Horizontal solidarity sadhAI. saMgaThana baLavAna banyuM. anAvila sevakanI mAphaka anAvila pokAra, anAvila vijaya patro zarU thayAM temaNe paNa samAja sudhAraNa tarapha jhoka Ape. Ama anAvilonI paNa jJAtinuM baMdhiyArapaNuM khUlyuM ane pragatikAraka brAhya paribaLo jhIlavA tatparatA AvI. anAvile ane pATIdAronI jJAti sudhAraNAnI dizA samAMtara rahI.22 Ama gAMdhIjInA Agamana pahelAM jJAtinA saMgaThananuM mALakhuM parivartana pAmI udAra, binasAMpradAyika lokazAhI mAne poSaka bane che. pATIdAra yuvaka maMDaLa ke anAvila Azrama jevI vyaktione AvarI letI pravRttine zarU karI sAmAnya prajane joDatI kaDIrUpa patra, lakhANe ane pachIthI 196] sAmIpya : okaTobara '87 thI mArca 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #88
zarUAtamAM tAlukA ane jillAne AvarI letI jJAtipariSadanI pravRtti jJAtinA sagaDanane samastarIya kakSAe majabUta kare che sAthe tenu sa`kucitatAmAMthI vistRta phalaka upara udAra paribaLA jhIle tevA tenA mALakhAmAM parivartIta kare che. Ama dakSiNa gujarAtanA anAvile ane pATIdArAmAM jJAtisudhAraNAnI A pravRttinI vartuLAkArI prakriyA Cyclical Process je nAnA biMduthI zarU karI gUcaLA AkAre eka pravRtti bIjI pravRttine TaMke ApatI Symbiotic AgaLa vadhatI jAya tema Hermentic CirclemAM phelAI. Ane pariNAme gAMdhInA netRtva heThaLa cAlelA AMdolanomAM pATIdArA ane anAvilAnA kALA mahattvanA rahyo hatA. gAMdhIjIe kheDA satyAgraha, bAraDolI satyAgraha ane dAMDIkUca samaye paNa A ja jJAtionA saMgaThanAnA upayAga karyA hatA. pAdaTIpa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1. G. S. Gurye, Caste, Class and Occupation, Bombay, 1961, pp. 178 ff. 2. Stanley wallpert, A New History of India, Oxford, 1982, p. 49 3. David Hardiman, Peasants Nationalist of Gujarat, Kheda District : 1917-1934, New Delhi, 1981, pp. 63 ff. 4. kalyANajI vi. mahetA (saMpA.), vallabha vidyArthI Azrama suvaNaeN jayaMtI aMka', surata, 1974, pR. 21 Shirin Mehta, Peasantry and Nationalism: A Case Study of Bardoli Satyagrah, New Delhi, 1984, pp. 19 ff. 5. 6. Ibid, pp. 45 ff. 7. Shirin Mehta, 'Gujarat Politics on the Eve of Congress session of Surat, 1907,' Indian History Congress Proceedings, Bodh Gaya, 1981, 42nd session, pp. 444 ff. '. vallabha vidyArthI Azrama', pR. 30 kavIra bhAIe', surata, 1974, pR. 19 1 11. ejana, 1908-9, aka 1-10 14. 'va. vi. A.', pR. 286 9. IzvaralAla che. desAI ane rAmanArAyaNa nA. pAThaka, e 10. 'pATIdAra hitecchu', Disembara, 1908, vAMjha, aM.1, pR. 12. ejata, tave., 1909, pR. 4 13. ejana, pR. 16 15. paTela andhu', eprila, 1909, aM. 4,xsurata, pR. 11 16. ejata, phebru., 1909, a. 2, surata, pR. 1-15 18. 'paTela bandhu' me-Disembara, 1917, a. 5 thI 12, surata 19. Anil Bhatt Caste and Political Mobilization in Gujarat District', "The 17. va. vi. A.', pR. 30 Caste in India (ed. Rajni Kothari)'', New Delhi, 1970, pp. 301 ff. 20. Ghanshyam Shah, Traditional Society and Political Mobilization : The Experience of Bardoli Satyagrah, 1920-28', Contribution to Indian Sociology, No. 8, 1974, New Delhi, pp. 89 ff. 21. kalyANujI tri, mahetA, IzvaralAla i. desAI ane hukUmata desAI (sa'pA.), meATAnAM mana', surata, 1972, pR. 25 22. 'anAvila sevaka', jAnyu.-Dise., 1910, aMka 1-12, surata sAmIpya : Akhira '87 thI mArca 1988] For Private and Personal Use Only [197

Page #89
amadAvAdanAM keTalAMka parAM ane piLe, (rAyapura-khADiyA vistAra) vibhUti vi. bhaTTa * A saMgrahanA 123 khatapatre atyAra sudhImAM noMdhAyelA che, 12 arabI-phArasI khatapatronI sAmAnya vigate gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA arabI-phArasI hastapratonA keTalegamAM pragaTa thayelI che. ahIM A saMgrahanA ja mAtra amadAvAdane lagatAM khatapatrono vicAra A viSayanI daSTie karavAno namra prayAsa karyo che. A saMgrahamAM amadAvAda zaherane lagatAM lagabhaga 80 jeTalAM-sauthI vadhu khatapatra saMgrahIta thayelAM che. ahIM gujarAtI saMskRta mULa khatapatra ane arabI-phArasI khatapatronI tenA keTaleganA AdhAre vigato ApavAmAM AvI che. A khatapatramAM amadAvAdamAMnA keTalAMka parAM vistAranAM, piLAnA, cakalAonAM nAmone ullekha karIne te makAna ke jamIna ke eraDI ke khetaranI cokkasa sthAnavizeSanI vigata ApavAmAM AvatI hoya che. te parathI etihAsika dRSTie amuka samayane amadAvAdanA nakazAnuM chuM rekhAcitra ApaNane upalabdha thaI zake che. A saMgrahanA khatapatramAM amadAvAda zaheranI aMdaranA ane enI bahAra AsapAsanA parA-vistAranAM keTalAMka nAme prApta thAya che tenI vigate ekaThI karIne raja karavAno namra prayAsa karyo che. jethI ApaNane amadAvAdanI tatkAlIna aitihAsika bhUgoLa samajavAmAM madada maLI zake. amadAvAda zaheranI pazcime vahetI sAbaramatI nadI mATe "revanA ' (ravI iA)no prayoga vi. saM. 1712 nA khatapatra naM. 8820 mAMthI prApta thAya che. A zabda pRthvI paranI koIpaNa vahetI nadI mATe vaparAto sAmAnya zabda hoya te rIte prayojAye lAge che. temAM dhArmikatA ane pavitratA sUcavAtI lAge che. "sarItA jhamatI ' (naM. 8848) jevA zabdo paNa jAyelA jovA maLe che. amadAvAda zaheranI koTanI aMdaranA vistAranAM keTalAMka nAmo prApta thAya che. temAM khAsa karIne rAyapurane sauthI vadhAre (8-9 khatamAM ullekha jovA maLe che. - (1) vi. sa. 1835 nA marAThAkAlIna khatapatra naM. 8914 mAM rAyapura, sAMkaDIzerI, lAkhApaTelanI poLamAM nathu mulajInI khaDakImAM AvelA makAnanA vecANanI vigata maMdhAyelI che rAyapura aMgenA A khatapatramAM sAmAnya rIte AvA prakAranA zabda vAMcavA maLe che.-"tana suve rAyapura phara (1) je () vavAranA se(4)rI jaze..." temAM rAyapurane ke , ane bhadranA vistArane a gtare (4) ke che ane gAlila khAnanuM cakaluM e jamAnAmAM kahevAtuM haze ema lAge che. A khatapatramAMnA rAjadvArI amaladAro temaja sthAna vizeSanI carcA . yatIndra dIkSita karI te daSTie jotA rAyapuramAM AvelI muralIdharanI paLanuM nAma "zrI 5 mAralIdharanA dIvAna'nA nAma parathI paDayuM hovAnI zakayatA che.' lAkhA paTelanI poLa hAlamAM paNa rAyapura, sAMkaDI zerImAM che. zrI maganalAla * myujhiyama-Ina-cA, je. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda [sAmIpya : eNkabara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 [198 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #90
vakhatacaMde saMdhyA pramANe' e paLamAM e nAme paTela-kaNabI raheto haze. te lAkhA paTelanA nAmathI poLanuM nAma paDayuM haze. e poLanuM bAraNuM dakSiNubhimukhanuM che. tenI pUrve lAlA vasAnI piLa tathA khADiyAmAM javAne rastA-"rAjamAraga', pazcime eka paLa che. 5(pha)tAsA piLane joDatA be galIvALo rasto che te kadAca abhipreta lAge che. e piLamAM nAgara, senI, vANiyA tathA kaNabInI vasatI che. zrI maganalAle karelA varNana pramANe ja atyAre paNa sAcuM lAge che, paraMtu temanA varNanamAM A saMdarbhamAM sAMkaDI zerIno ullekha maLato nathI. A uparAMta (2) marAThAkAlIna vi. saM. 1836 nAM naM. 8915 mAM, (3) vi. saM. 184 nA naM. 8855 mAM, (4) vi. saM. 1852 nA naM. 8916 mAM tema ja (5) vi. saM. 18 para nA naM. 8917 mAM rAyapuramAM AvelI sAMkaDI zerInA raste lAkhA paTelanI pALamAM AvelI devanI zerImAM AvelI khaDakInAM makAnane ullekha maLe che. A badhAM khatapatrAmAM "rAyapura cakale gAlila khAnanA vaDe cabutare"ne ulekha lagabhaga samAna zabdomAM prApta thAya che. lAkhA paTelanI piLamAM hajI paNa devanI zerI ane devanI zerImAM hAlamAM paNa thoDIghaNuM prAcIna khaDakIo kAlanA sapATAthI bacelI jovA maLe che. zrI maganalAla vakhatacaMde devanI zerInI pazcima lAlAbhAInI poLa, dakSiNe harakIzanadAsa zeThanI poLa che, temAM mezarInI vasatI ane rAmanAtha mahAdevanuM daheru' che (pR. 96), ema jaNAvyuM che. hAlamAM devanI zerI agAunA khatapatromAM joyuM ane nedhyuM te pramANe sAMkaDIzerI lAkhA paTelanI poLamAM che, paraMtu lAlAbhAInI poLa ane harakizanadAsa zeThanI paLano meLa A rAyapura vistAra sAthe baMsa besato nathI. kemake te baMne piLa AsToDiyA, mADavInI piLamAM AvelI che. kadAca e samaye badhI paLanA rastA saLaMga haze tethI zrI maganalAle evuM lakhyuM haze ? A uparAMta (6) briTiza kAlanA khatapatra naM. 8920 mAM paNa rAyapura, lAkhA paTelanI poLa, devanI zerInA khAMcAmAM AveluM eka ghara vaNika jJAtinA kuberadAse potAnI patnIne lakhatarane navuM baMdhAvI ApyuM. samaya jatAM teNIe pitAnuM makAna kAchiyA jJAtinA geradAsa nA be putrone vecyuM. e vigato che.(7) briTiza kAlanA bIjA eka khatapatra naM. 16086 mAM paNa sAMkaDIzerI, lAlAvasAnI poLa nAma uhilakhita che. hAlamAM paNa sAMkaDIzerImAM A paLa che ane teno ullekha zrI maganalAle paNa karyo che te upara ApaNe joyuM. te parathI te piLa paNa ghaNI prAcIna che. ema kahevAya. (8) marAThAkAlanAM hijarI sana 109 (i. sa. 1762, vi. saM. 1818) nA arabI-phArasI khatapatra naM. 8909 AkAzeThakuvAnI poLa, rAyapura nA eka makAna aMgenuM che. emAM vaDanagarA nAgara brAhmaNa De. puruSottamadAsa bhagavatIdAsa piote saMtAna rahita levAthI potAnuM makAna rU. 200mAM sAThodarA nAgara zrI aMbArAma bhadrane vecuM hovAnI vigata Ape che. temAM chelle pAMca kArasI mahera chapAyelI che ene matuM-sAkSImAM gujarAtI sahIo che te noMdhapAtra gaNAya. urdU bhASAnuM calaNa mukhya lAge che. (9) bIjuM khatapatra naM. 8901 vi. saM. 1730 nuM Aja poLanA makAna aMgenuM che tenuM kArya hai. yatIndrabhAI dIkSite karyuM che. rAyapuranA eka bahAnAkhatamAM keTalIka rasaprada bAbata Ave che. temAM amadAvAda maLe, cakale rAyapura, khADiye piLa (khADiyAnI poLa)no ullekha maLe che. (naM. 8897). khADiyAmAM AvelI A poLanuM nAma hAlamAM spaSTa samajI zakAtuM nathI, paraMtu khADiyAgeTanA vistAramAM haze ema lAge che. kadAca desAInI piLa ke jeThAbhAInI poLa mATe kahevAyuM haze ? e khatamAM vadhumAM jaNuvyuM che ke enI dakSiNe nakela gAma javAno rAjamAraga paDe che A nakela gAma cekakasa kahI zakAtuM nathI, paraMtu rAyapura daravAjA tarapha A gAme javA mATe javAnuM thatuM haze. naM. 8900 mAM cakale khADiye kacariyAnI poLanA rahevAsIe asAravAnA rahevAsI pAsethI tyAMnI jamIna gIre lIdhI hevAno ullekha Ave che. A poLa khADiyA cAra rastAthI mANekacoka jatAM, jUnI maeNDala TokIjha pAse AvelI che. sAmIpya : oNkaTobara, "87thI mArca, 1988] [199 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #91
asAravA 'asAruA' tarIke paNa jUnA ullekhAmAM ALakhAya che. te amadAvAdanI uttare Avelu' puru' che. zahera ane parAMta nikaTane saMbadha A parathI varatAya che. naM. 8917 nA vi. saM. 1853 nA khatapatramAM 'rAyapure cabutre' kAhAMnage...nagarazeThe dIvAsa..."nA ullekha che. temAM 'rAyapurane camrutarA' kahyo che. tyAMnA vistAramAM sthAnika amaladArA kAhAMnugA vagere nImAtA hovAnuM spaSTa che ane nagarazeTha dIpAsa-e dIpAsAM hovAnuM spaSTa lAge che. khatapatra na, 8913 mAM ahemadAvAda zaheranI madhye cakale akabarapure khADIye raste hI'galeka josInI poLanA bahAra dakSiNa vibhAge uttarAbhimukhanI eka khaDakImAM pUrvAbhimukhanuM makAna ADadhareNe mUkAyAnI vigata Ave che. zrI maganalAle jaNAvyu che te pramANe e pALatuM bAraNuM pUrvAbhimukhanuM che. enI uttare nAthAkAkAnI pALa, pazcime phatAsAnI poLa, dakSiNe la khA paTelanI pALa che. e pALamAM nAgaranI vastI che.4 hAlamAM paNa A pALa sAMkaDIzerImAM che. zrI 2. bIjoTe 'akabarapura'nu'-varNana' karyu che." paraMtu tenu cAkkasa sthAna darzAvyuM lAgatuM nathI, paraMtu te zaheranI madhyamAM haze. lAkhA paTelanI poLamAM nAgarezanI vasatI atyAra sudhI vadhu hatI. 'akabara pura' khADiyAne oLakhavAnu'; vaLI tene adAvara pura' paNu jaNAvAyuM che. zrI. joTe kahe che te pramANe amadAvAda zaheranA daravAjA ane cakalA ke mutarAnAM judAM judAM nAmethI oLakhAtAM hatAM. temAM rAtre koTavAla ane cokIdAra rahetA hatA. AvA khatapatrAmAM rAyapura cakalA sadarajahAM cakale akabarapure...cakale gAlibakhAne vagere nAmeA ApIne varNana karIne te te vistAranA amaladAratAM nAmAtA ullekha karAtA. A 'sadarajahAM'nI zodhakhe,La zrI 2. nA, mahetA ane zrI raseza jamInadAre karI che. temanA mata pramANeH A vistAra rilIpha rAha para, paththara kuvA pAseA bhAga che. paraMtu A khatapatrAmAM jaNAvyA pramANenA sthAnanI dRSTie e barAbara baMdha esatuM lAgatuM nathI. kadAca khatapatrAnI dRSTie kaMIka juduM' hoI zake. (10) hijarI saM. 1216 (i. sa. 1801)nA mulakAlIna khatapatramAM amadAvAdanA rAyapura cakalA rAjAmahetAnI poLanA makAnanA vecANanI vigata (naM. 219) tathA naM. 223 nA hijarI saM. 1091(I. sa. 1680)nA arabI-phArasI khatapatramAM pazu rAyapuramAM AvelI 126 gaja jamIna ane makAna vecAyAnI vigata noMdhAyelI che. atyAre paNa khADiyA cAra rastAthI rilIpha roDa jatAM DAbA hAthe A nAme pALa AvelI che. kALupuramAM brahmapurInI poLamAMthI jakariyA masjida tarapha javAnA raste A poLa AvelI che. tenuM samana ra. bhI. jeTanA ullekha parathI vadhu maLe che. jUnAM parAM ke oLAne atyAranAM navAM nAmeA sAthe sAMkaLIne oLakhI batAvavAnA prayAsa zrI 2. bI. joTee karyAM che. saiyada aphajhalakhAnA sagAM-sa'badhIe paikI saiyada phayAjhakhAnane bhAI 'sajahAna" nAme hateA. e nAme te| A sadarajarhAMnA cakalAnuM nAma nahi paDayuM hoya ? sahAna' uparathI gujarAtImAM 'sadarajar'' thayu' haze ?10 pAdaTIpa 1. 'vidyA', aM. 20, I. sa. 1977, pR. 30 2. amadAvAdanA itihAsa', pR. 104 4. 2. bhI, joTa 'gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda', pR. 330 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 3. ejana, pR. 99 5. ejana, pR. 328-329 6. 'sadara jatAM cakalA(amadAvAda)nI nistAra purAvastu', 'sAmIpya', pu. 1, aM. 4, pR. 130-134 che. 'gujarAtanuM' pATanagaraH amadAvAda,' pR. 11 8. ejana, pR. 213,229,328-329 vagere. 10, gujarAta itihAsa pariSada mATe taiyAra karelA lekhatA thoDo aMza. 200] ane 106 9. mirAte ehamadI, pR. 293 (gujarAtI anuvAda). [sAmIpya : okaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #92
graMthasamIkSA gujarezvara-purAhita kavi somezvara : jIvana ane kavana : lekhikA : DaoN, vibhUti vikrama bhaTTa, prakAzaka : zrI kezavaprasAda cunIlAla bhaTTa, 'sunaMdA sadana', ramaNunagara seAsAyaTI pAse, maNinagara, amadAvAda-8, pR. 12 + para, ki Mmata rUA. 6/- sapTembara, 1981 sAmezvara-viracita surathAtsava, eka anuzIlana : lekhikA ane prakAzaka uparyukta, pR. 8 + 120, kiMmata rUA. 15/- me, 1984, praziSTa saMskRta sAhityamAM gujarAtanAM sakAnA gauravabharyAM. pradAnanI vAta karatAM AcAya AnaMdazaMkara dhruve kahyuM. tu ke'gujarAte je bhAga lIdhA che te piramANumAM alpa nathI; ane guNAmAM te te ApaNane jarUra magarUra khanAve evA che ane keTalAka prathAe te anya prAMtamAM ane pariNAme AkhA hindustAnamAM sArI pratiSThA meLavI che.' 'kIti kaumudI' ane 'surathAtsa' jevI praziSTa saMskRti sAhityakRtioe mAtra gujarAtanA ja nahi paraMtu samagra bhAratIya sa skRtasAhityamAM AcAya kuva kahe che tevI sArI pratiSThA meLavelI che. sa`skRta sAhityasarjananI paraMparA gujarAtamAM prAcIna che paNu siddharAja ane kumArapALanA rAjyakAmamAM e sarjana paraMparA praka para paheAMcI hatI ane tyAra pachI bhImadeva bIjAnA temaja vIradhavala ane tenI maMtrIelaDI vastupAla-tejapAlanA samayamAM pharIthI sAhitya sarjananA pramaLa juvALa varatAya che ane gujarAtamAM saMskAra temaja sAhityakSetre apUrva utsAhathI pravRtti thavA lAge che. kavi sAmezvara A sAhityika samayagALAne prakhara pratinidhi che. vastupAlanA samakAlIna saMskRta sajAmAM sAmezvara agragaNya kavi hate. sAmezvare kIti kaumudI'nAmanuM aitihAsika kAvya, 'surathAtsava'nAmanu praziSTa paurANika mahAkAvya, ullAdharAdhava' nAmanuM nATaka, 'kA~mRtaprapA'nAmanA medhAtmaka zlokasa graha, 'rAmazataka'nAmanu statrakAvya, 'Ayuprazasti,' vaidyanAthaprazasti' ane bIjI keTalIka zilAlekhaprazastio Adi aneka sarjanAtmaka saskRta kRti racIne praziSTa saMskRta sAhityamAM gujarAtanA yeAgadAnane paramANu tathA guNavattA banne dRSTie nakkara tathA nedhipAtra TheravyuM che. sAmezvaranI kAvyakaLAnAM emanA samakAlIna kavioe paNa vakhANu karyAM che ane, temaNe eka praharamAM ja eka nATaka racI kADhacu` hatu` tevI temanI prazaMsA, temanI prabaLa sirakSA tathA zIghra kavitvazaktinI zAkha pUre che. praziSTa saMskRta sAhityamAM vipula ane vividhatAsabhara pradAna karanAra, sema gura sarjaka, sAmezvara kavinA jIvana tathA sAhityanuM DaoN. vibhUti vikrama bhaTTa UMDANapUrvaka adhyayana karyuM che. ane emanA adhyayana-saMzodhananA LasvarUpe, gu rezvarapurAhita kavi seAmezvara : 'jIvana ane kavana' ane sAmezvaraviracita suthAtsava : eka-anuzIlana" e be pustako ApaNuMte maLyAM che. A banne mahattvanAM pustakonA prakAzanathI, ApaNAM mahAvidyAlayeA, vidyAbhavane tathA vizvavidyAlayAmAM, saMskRta sAhityanA samAlAcananI tathA saMskRta sAhityasvAmIe ane temanI praziSTa kRtiyAnA saMdhanA sapramANa ane sUkSma adhyayananI pravRtti, chellAM paMdara-vIsa varSoMmAM keTalI paripakava ane dRDha banatI rahI che tenI ApaNane pratIti thAya che. DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrI jevA ApaNA gaNyamAnya vidvAnanA bhAda'na heThaLa DaoN. vibhUti bhaTTa kavi somezvaranA jIvana-sAhityanuM sa`zeAdhanakAya' prAraMbhyuM hatu. ane temane mahAnibadha svIkArAI gayA pachI paNa temaNe sAmezvaranA gra^thenu parizIlana cAlu rAkhyu tene pariNAme sAmIpTa : kaDhAkhara, '87 thI mArca, 1988] [201 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #93
temanAM A baMne prakAzanuM saMzodhanamUlya ghaNuM UMcuM AMkI zakAya tevuM banyuM che. saMzodhananI vRtti-pravRtti karanAra abhyAsIone tathA saMskRta sAhityanA vidyAthIone kavi saMmezvaranA sajana tathA jIvanane anulakSIne che. vibhUti bhAre prakAzita karelAM A baMne pustake mAtra mahattvanI mAhitI ja nahi paNa keTalAka dizAsUcana paNa pUrAM pADaze emAM zaMkA nathI. kavi saMmezvaranA jIvana-kavana vizenA prathama pustakamAM lekhikAe prathama be prakaraNomAM anekAneka saMdarbho ane strotomAMthI, vivecanayukta tapAsa tathA parizrama dvArA, kavinAM nAma, vatana, gotra, kuLaaTaka tathA pUrvajo vize ane kavinI kArakidI vize atyaMta vizvasanIya, aitihAsika-jIvanacaritrAtmaka mAhitI tAravIne prastuta karI che jyAre trIjA ane chellA prakaraNamAM te kALe sAhityane maLatA rAjyAzrayana, pracalita saMskRta lalita sAhityasvarUpe temaja kavi somezvaranI vividha kRtione mitAkSarI paricaya karAvyo che. A traNeya saMzodhanAtmaka-paricayAtmaka prakaraNo anekAneka saMdarbhone AdhAre taiyAra thayAM che ane sarva saMdarbhe tathA anya Avazyaka vivaraNa, puraka mAhitI-sAmagrI Adino samAveza prakaraNonA anate ApelI saMkhyAbaMdha pAdaTIpamAM karavAmAM Avyo che. A pustaka taiyAra karavAmAM upayogI nIvaDelI saMdarbha sAmagrInI vigatavAra mAhitI ApatI vagIkRta saMdarbha sUci paNu pustakanI zarUAtamAM ApI che je abhyAsIone upakAraka nIvaDe tevI che. Do. vibhUti bhaTTanuM bIja pustaka kaMIka vadhAre mahatvakAMkSI adhayayana upakrama darzAve che. emAM, somezvarakRta "suratsava' mahAkAvyanuM, saMskRta mahAkAvya paraMparA tathA alaMkArazAstra paraMparAne anusarIne, zAstrIya adhyayana-vivecana karavAne, samagra rIte jotAM saLa, pravAsa karavAmAM Avyo che. suratsava" mahAkAvyane viSaya, mArkaDeya purANAntargata devImAhAsyathI saMbaddha che. potAnuM rAjapATa gumAvI beThele ane hatAza thayele suratha nAmane rAjA pitAnuM rAjya kevI rIte pAchuM meLave che tenuM suratsava'nA paMdara sargomAM nirUpaNa che. paurANika saMdarbha anusAra, svArociSa manvantaramAM, caitra vaMzamAM janmela suratha samasta pRthvIne rAjA hato. teno zatru sAthe saMgrAma thatAM, te hAryo ane venamAM jaI medhA nAmanA RSinA AzramamAM rahevA lAgyo. tyAM paNa tene mamatA ane ciMtA karI khAtI hatI tethI te asvastha hatA. evAmAM, Azrama najIka, samAdhi nAmanA eka vaizya sAthe suratha rAjAne samAgama thayo. RSi pAse jaIne e banee potapotAnI manaHsthitinuM nivedana karyuM tyAre RSie temane devI mAhAsya saMbhaLAvyuM ane AzvAsana ApyuM ke "A devI ja tamane cheDAvaze ane mukti Apaze." A suratha rAjA bIja janamamAM AThamo sAvaNuiM baje (mA. . a. 78-90). surathotsava' mahAkAvyanA anuzIlanamAM lekhikA prathama kavinA jIvana-kavananI jhAMkhI karAvI pachI gujarAtamAM saMskRta mahAkAvyanI paraMparAne Acho paricaya ApIne suratsavanA kathAvastune rasapUrNa sAra Ape che. te pachI mULa paurANika kathAnakanuM kavie kAvyocita rUpAMtara kevI rIte karyuM che tenuM varNana karatAM lekhikAe durgAsaptazatI, devI bhAgavata ane suratsavanA vividha prasaMgonI tulanA karI che ane kavie pitAnI lalita sAhitya kRtinA udezonI paripUti athe kevA kevA pheraphAro karyA che tenuM nidarzana karAvI, kavinI pratibhA tathA maulikatAne biradAvI che. tyAra pachI "suratsava'nI, praziSTa saMskRta mahAkAvya tathA saMskRta kAvyazAstra sameta "mahAkAvya" tarIke samIkSA prastuta karatAM, surathotsavanA sargabaddha, prasiddha viSayavastunI; asaMkSipta vistAranI; mAMgalika, vastu nirdezAtmaka, satyaviprazaMsAtmaka AraMbhanI; AnaMda tathA yazaprAptinA ubhayavidha kAvya prajananI; "suratsava 202] [sAmIpyaH kabara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #94
zIrSakanA aucityanI, sargonAM nAmakaraNanI tathA sagane bhAvisaNane kathAMzanA sUcananI, dabaddha ane I devidhyasabhara kalAtmaka kAvyasvarUpanI; trividhapuruSArthasiddhinI; varyaviSayonI paMcavidha vizietAnI; mahAkAcita caritracitraNanI; paMcasaMdhiyukta vastugUMthaNInI ane zabdArtha saudaryanI vivecanA karI che. mahAkavio anuprAsa, yamaka, zleSa, citrabaMdha Adi zabdAlaMkAronA dayabharyA prago dvArA Azcarya tathA camatkRti nIpajAve che ane upamA-ujhekSA-rUpakAdi arthAlaMkAronA kuzaLa prayogathI agaurava tathA sauMdarya siddha kare che. "suratsava' mahAkAvyamAM prayojAyelA zabdAlaMkAro tathA arthAlaMkArone be svataMtra prakaraNamAM sadRSTAnta abhyAsa tathA sUkSma vivaraNa karIne lekhikAe kavi saMmezvaranuM bhASA prabhutva tathA kAvya kalA vaidavya darzAvyuM che tyAra pachI eka svataMtra prakaraNamAM suratsava'nA rasanirUpaNanI lekhikAe zAstrIya samIkSA karI che ane A kAvyamAM "mukhya kathAnakanA nAyaka suratharAjAnI dRSTie jotAM mukhya rasa dharmavIra prakaranA vIrarasanuM nirUpaNa thayuM che." evo spaSTa abhiprAya Ape che. joke mukhya rasane upakAraka rIte AvatA yuddhavIra, bhayAnaka, raudra, bIbhatsa, karuNa, abhuta, hAsya Adi rasonAM ane gauNa prasaMgomAM dekhAtI zaMgArarasanI chAMTanAM tathA samagra katine vyApI rahetA zAMtarasanAM dAktapUrNa vivaraNe paNa rasanirUpaNanA prakaraNamAM maLe che. chelle, be prakaraNomAM "sarathotsava'nA kavinI kalA upara emanA purogAmI kavionI nirUpaNa paddhati, varNanakalA Adine prabhAva varNavIne lekhikAe A mahAkAvyanuM samagra dRSTithI mUlyAMkana karyuM che ane tenI siddhi maryAdAo darzAvI che. sarathonuM A eka zIlana praziSTa saMskRta sAhityanI kAvya paraMparA tathA alaMkArazAstra paraMparA e ubhaya paraMparAne anulakSIne thayeluM', zAstrIya adhyayana hAI ApaNuM adyatana adhyayana-saMzAdhana vADamayamAM nAMdhapAtra sthAnanuM adhikArI Thare che. saMskRta sAhityamAM nakkara phALo ApI potAnuM kavi tarIkenuM sthAna nizcita karI lenAra gujara kavi saMmezvara vizenAM be abhyAsa pUrNa pustako ApavA mATe che. vibhUti bhadrane abhinaMdana ghaTe che. -amRta upAdhyAya nAgara sarvasaMgraha (prazno), darzana paheluM-lekhaka zrI mukundarAya haridatta pAThaka, prakAzaka: paMkaja ane pareza, 1986 pR. 135 A pustakamAM lekhake praznorA nAgara brAhmaNa jJAtinAM saMskRti, itihAsa, samAja ane dharmane lagatI sarvavidha mAhitI ekatra karI graMtha rUpe saMkalita karI che, te AvakAra pAtra che. gujarAtanA ghaDataramAM nAgara jJAtinAM aneka naranArIoe gaNanApAtra pradAna karyuM che. temAM praznorA nAgara noMdhapAtra sthAna dharAve che. jotiSa Ayurveda pratyenI teonI abhiruci suprasiddha che. ItihAsa purAtatva ane rAjakAraNamAM paNa keTalAMka praznorAoe mahattvanuM pradAna karyuM che. lekhake A pahelA darzanamAM 23 zravaNa rajU karyA che. emAM hATakezvaranI utpatti, jJAtinAM hATakezvaramaMdira, nAgaronI utpatti, ahiachatra nagara ane ahi chatra jJAti, jJAtinAM mukhapatra, vastI gaNatarI, lahANa, avaTaMke, satIo, gotra, pravara, zilAlekhe ityAdi anekavidha viSayone lagatI mAhitI ApI che ke keTalIka samasyAonI taTasthatA pUrvaka chaNAvaTa karI che. lekhaka jaTila praznone lagatA vibhinna mata rajU kare che te pote emAMnA koI matane nizcita gaNavAno durAgraha ke pUrvagraha dharAvatA nathI e A pustakanuM viziSTa lakSaNu gaNAya. sAmI : okaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988] [203 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #95
mArA aMgata mata mujaba "nAgara'nI utpatti nagara (AnaMdapura) sAthe saMkaLAyelI hoya e sahuthI vadhu saMbhavita che. gujarAtanA nAgaronuM mULa sthAna AnaMdapura (vaDanagara) che. tyAMnA nAgaromAMthI keTalAka vIsanagara ane keTalAka sAThoda (ke sAThodara) jaI vasyA, jyAre keTalAka vaDanagaramAM sthira rahyA te parathI nagaramAM vaDanagarA, vIsanagarA, sAThedarA vagere vibhAga paDavA lAge che. kRSNagorA ane citroDA nAgaronI vastI pramANamAM ochI che; emanA kora ane citroDa kayAM AvyAM e sunizcita nathI' praznora brAhmaNonI utpatti A anya nAgara-vibhAgonI utpattithI sAva bhinna lAge che, praznorA" nAma pramANamAM uttarakAlIna che; e pahelAM e jJAti "ahicchatra" nAme oLakhAtI. A nAmanA jJAta ulekha vi. saM. 1629 - 1630 thI upalabdha che. "praznorA" nAma lagabhaga saM. 1800 nA arasAmAM pracalita thayuM che. ahicchatra jJAtinuM mULa vatana ahicchatra pAMcAla dezamAMnuM ke jagala dezamAMnuM e vize vidvAnomAM matabheda pravarte che. selaMkI kAlanA abhilekhAmAM prasanapura nAme nagarano ullekha Ave che, paraMtu ene sthaLa nirNaya kare muzkela che. keTalAka ene hAlanA "pachegAma" tarIke ane keTalAka hAlanA 5sanAvADA tarIke oLakhAve che, paraMtu "prasannapura nAmanuM arvAcIna rU5 vastutaH pasAra" jevuM bane che evuM nAma dharAvatuM keI gAma hAla mAluma paDatuM nathI. prasannapurane lagatA prAcIna ullekha "vinigata'nA saMdarbhamAM AvatA hAI sthaLAMtara karelA e brAhmaNonuM mULa sthAna zodhavuM muzkela che, bIja, "Anandapura-vinirgata" ne "Anandapura vAstavya" brAhmaNanA je ullekha maitraka kAlanA abhilekhAmAM Ave che temAM kayAMya nAgara' evo jJAti vAcana zabda prayojAye nathI. 'nAgara' zabdano e prayoga nizcita arthamAM vi.saM. 1000 pahelAM bhAgye ja maLe che. evI rIte "praznorA' nAma sAthe brAdA" zabda prayojAyo che paraMtu "nAgara' zabada ene lagatA prAcIna ullekhamAM bhAgye ja prayojAyo che, te muddo paNa lakSamAM levA jevo che. nAgara, ahicchatra, praznorA vagerenI utpatti vize lekhake vibhinna mato ja karatAM lekhake ghaNI jahemata uThAvI che. praznorA ane dazerA bhinna hevA vize emaNe sapramANa chaNAvaTa karI che. praznorA nAgaro vize sarvasaMgrahAtmaka mAhitI saMkalita karI graMthAkAre prakAzita karavAne lekhake je puraSArtha Adaryo che te gujarAta nI mahattavanI jJAti vize ghaNe upagI saMdarbha graMtha nIvaDe tevo che. "AmukhamAM zrI. ke. kA. zAstrIe nagaronI saMbhavita videzI utpatti vize vizeSa chaNAvaTa karI che. " vasa gotrane badale 'vara cha (vatsa) sagotra" (dareka gAtratA nAma 5chI "sagotra" lakhAtuM, emane "sa" gotranA nAmane aMtamAM bhAga hoya evI gerasamaja dhaNuM kare che) ane "bho. je. vidyAsabhAne badale ". je. vidyAbhavana' joIe. zrI. mukundarAya pAThake A sarva saMgraha taiyAra karavA mATe pustaka tathA vyaktione saMparka sAdhI je jahemata uThAvI che te emane prabaLa utsAha darzAve che. A sarvasaMgrahanA anya bhAga taiyAra thaye, teoe potAnI jJAtinI ja nahi, gujarAtanA samAjanI ya amUlya sevA karI gaNAze. nAgara sarvasaMgraha, darzana bIjuM ane trIjuM le mukundarAya ha. pAThaka; pra. saralA mu. pAThaka dhoLakA, 1988; pRSTha 186; kiMmata rUA. 40. A pustakanuM darzana paheluM prakaTa thayA pachI enuM A darzane bIjuM tathA trIju eka saMkalita pustaka rUpe jaladI prakAzita thayuM che. 204]. [sAmIpya : okaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #96
e paikInuM dR'na khIju mukhte daza na pahelAnA anu Msa MdhAnarUpa che. A darzIna rUparekhAtmaka hAI A pustakanAM mAtra 24 pRSTha zake che. emAM lekhake zrImad bhAgavata purANamAM nirUpita zrIkRSNanuM jIvana layAnvita jIvananI jhAMkhI karAve che te nAgara saMskRtimAM e Adaza` AtmasAt thayeA che evuM pratipAdita karavA prayatna karyAM che, paraMtu emAM kRlitA' karatAM gRhItA adhika rahele che. ahIM nAgarAnI je lAkSaNikatAo gaNAvI che temAM tamAma nAgarenA iSTadeva hATakezvara che' athAt 'hATakezvara' nAme oLakhAtA ziva che e ja nAgarAnuM viziSTa lakSaNu jaNAya che. bIjA lakSaNA anya jJAtiomAM ya vattAochA pramANamAM najare paDe che. nAgara| satyanA upAsaka che te teonu jIvana layAnvita hoya e pazu Ardaza rUpe ja rajU thayela che. lekhakamAM saMcaya tathA saMkalananI sArI phAvaTa rahelI che. 'vINelAM mAtI' zIka nIce nAgarAne lagatI je kahevatA ane uktie apAI che te enuM uttama dRSTAMta che. nAgarAnA iSTadeva ziva che, chatAM tenAM mAMgalika gItAmAM zrIkRSNe mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che evuM lekhakanuM avalokana nAMdhapAtra che. lekhake potAnA prAstAvikamAM AbhAra darzanamAM 'bhe. je. vidyAsabhA' jaNAvI che temAM 'lo, je. vidyAbhavana'nA pUrvArdhanuM ane 'gujarAta vidyAsabhA'nA uttarAdhanuM ajANutAM sa...mizraNa thaI gayuM lAge che. nAgarAnI utpatti vagere keTalAka yakSa prazno' vize vizada vicAraNA zrI. mAnaza'kara pI, mahetAe ja karI che (pR. 20) e vidhAna karatAM A praznonI chaNAvaTa keTalAka anya vidvAnAe ya karI che e lekhakanA lakSa bahAra rahyuM che. dA. ta. zrI. vrajalAla kAlidAsa zAstrIe emanA 'nAgara purAvRtta'mAM nAgara gRhasthA ane nAgara brAhmaNAnA vibhAga kevI rIte paDayA te darzAvyuM che ne thADAM varSoM upara mu`baI yunivarsi TImAM rajU thayela nAgarone lagatA zodha prAdhamAM AmAMnA ghaNA 'yakSaprazno' carcAyA che. darzIna trIjuM' e A pustakanA mahattvatA ane cira'jIva khaMDa che, emAM nAgarAnA judAjudA vibhAgAmAM mAMgalika prasa'gAe gavAtAM vividha pracalita gItAmAMthI keTalAMka pasaMda karIne saMkalita karavAmAM AvyAM che. A gItAnI pasaMdagI lekhake kaI kaI daSTithI karI che te prAstAvika'mAM spaSTa kapu" che. pasaMda karelAM gItAne emaNe vivAha saMskAra, sImantA nayana, yajJApavIta ane rannAde e cAra samUhomAM vagIkRta karI te te peTAprasaMganA krama anusAra gAThavyAM che. vivAhasaMskArane lagatAM gIta 107 che, sImantAnnayananAM pAMca ane yApavIta jeneA prasaMga pahelAM lagnanI jema cAreka divasa cAlate tenAM mAtra sAta gIta apAyAM che, jyAre rannAdene lagatAM gIta 29 jeTalAM che. puravaNImAM traNa gIta 29 jeTalAM che. puravaNInAM traNa gIta umeratAM, A gItAnI saMkhyA 152 thAya che. pariziSTa 3 mAM adharA zabdonA artha TippaNurUpe ApyA che te pariziSTa 4 mAM saMda` granthonI sUci ApI che. A gItAneA saMcaya aneka prakAzita gIta saMgrahe uparAMta gujarAta-saurASTa kacchanAM vividha sthaLAe gavAtAM gItA parathI karavAmAM lekhake bhAre jahemata uThAvI che. emAM emanAM sadhamA~cAriNI zrI. saralAbahenane sakriya sAtha sAMpaDayA che. mAMgalika prasaMgAnA samayAvadhi ekadama dhakI gayA che te pariNAme ene lagatAM aneka gItA lupta thatAM jAya che tyAre lekhake parizrama laI pasaMda karelAM gItAne vyavasthita rIte graMthastha karyAM che te dhaNuM AvakAra pAtra che. pariziSTa 5 mAM A saMgrahamAM ApelAM gItAnI prathama paMktinA akArAdi krame sUci ApavAmAM AvI che. mAMgalika gItAnA A saMgrahanI upayeAgitAmAM enAM pariziSTa taiAMdhapAtra rIte umerA kare che. agAu lagnanA utsava dhaNA Tvisa UjavatA tyAre savAre pramAtiyAM ane sAMje sAMjI gavAtAM, cAka vadhAvatAM, vADI mUkatAM, pApaDa vaNutAM te mAMgalika prasa`ga mATe kharIdI karavA jatAM ya gIta gavAtAM sAmIpya : DhAkhara, '87 thI mArca, 1988] [pa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #97
ukaraDI nAMtaratAM ane uThADatAM, pasa bharatAM, grahazAMtinI vidhi karatAM, maMDapAropaNuM ane kalekA samaye, jAna ughalatAM, jatAM ane kanyAne gAma pahoMcatAM ya vividha gIta gavAtAM. "senAnI saLI e mAMDavo" (pRSTha 27)mAM "vAsudevanA sUta" chapAyuM che, temAM "vasudevane badale "vasudeva" vAMcavAnuM zuddhipatrakamAM darzAvyuM che, paraMtu "sUta ne badale "suta' sudhAravuM rahI gayuM che. sUta eTale te sArathi, jyAre ahIM suta" arthAt putra abhipreta che. "gaLiyA goLa vahecAya re, dUdhamAM sAkara bheLAya re' e vevizALanuM bhAvavAhI gIta che. sAMjImAM vasudeve rAyajaMga mAMDiye, naMdanA kuMvarane kAja re' nedhapAtra che. jAnaprasthAnanAM gItamAM raNachoDajInI jAna ane dazarathanI jAnanAM gIta kapriya che. sAmaiyAnAM gItomAM 'UMcA UMcA re dAdA gaDhaDA caNa" jANItuM che. strIo kare che laIne Ave tyAre ya gokuLanA goviMda dvArakAnA kRSNajIne saMbhAre che. kanyA padharAvatAM purohita sAvadhAnanA sUra pachI maMgala leka gAya che. have maMgalASTakanI ekeka kaDI baMne pakSanAM nArIvRMda gAvA lAge che. A prathA nAgomAM khAsa le kapriya che. maMgalASTakamAM lagnajIvananI udAtta bhAvanAo tathA varavadhUne ApavAnI AziSa vyakta karAya che. emAM kuryAt sadA maMtram e prAyaH dareka kaDIne aMte prajAnuM pravapada banI rahe che. A gIta saMgrahamAM siddhahasta kavioe racelAM maMgalASTakonA keTalAMka suMdara namUnA ApavAmAM AvyA che, paraMtu keTalIka vAra vara ke kanyAnA kuTuMba mATe kaI sagA saMbaMdhI vinA AvaData potAnA nAme maMgalASTaka racI, sUMThanA gAMgaDe gAMdhI thavAno prayAsa kare che tyAre temAM ghaNI vAra prastuta kuTuMbanA sabhyonA nAmano atireka jovA maLe che ne e kahevAtI padyaranAmAM nathI hotI IdanI kaMI gatAgata ke nathI hotuM kAvyanuM koI kharuM tattva. alabatta emAM pitAnAM nAma joI kuTuMbIjano harakhAya che te gAvAmAM kuzaLa nArIo laya dvArA e gAvAmAM gametema meLa meLavI le che. siddhahasta kavie racelAM zuddhapadyamaya bhAvavAhI maMgalASTaka gAnakuzala nArIo nichAthI gAya tyAre e sAMbhaLavAmAM kharekhara majhA Ave che. kanyAvidAyanA hRdayadrAvaka prasaMge 'DhelIDA dhakyA lADI cAle ApaNe ghera re' e gIta asarakAraka banI rahe che. sIMbhanayanane saMskAra lupta thatAM tene lagatAM gIta paNa have lupta thatAM jAya che. yajJopavItane saMskAra paNa have ghaNI vAra lagna prasaMganA AraMbhe patAvI devAmAM Ave che. rannAde (rAMdala)nI ArAdhanA saurASTramAM savizeSa pracalita che. mAMgalika prasaMgone lagatAM gItane lupta thato jato A sAMskRtika vAraso sacita ane saMkalita graMtha rUpe prakAzita karavA mATe zrI. mukundarAya pAThakane ghaNA dhanyavAda ghaTe che. A gItamAM sAmAjika, Arthika, sAhityika ane sAMskRtika vibhAvanA ane virala ane vipala khajAno rahelo che. e vividha dRSTione anulakSIne keI abhyAsI A gIta saMgrahanuM talasparzI adhyayana ane vivecana kare, te temAMthI gaI peDhInA mAMgalika prasaMgenAM vividha aMgo temaja tene sparzatI sAhityika tathA sAMskRtika bhAvanAo para ghaNo prakAza paDI zake tema che. 25-9-88 -hariprasAda zAstrI bAde evAmI [gujarAtane saMkSipta itihAsa tArIkhe gujarAta' : lekhaka, maulAnA hakIma saiyada abdula haya hasI (raha), abdulakAdira phAsIvAlA (guja. anu.), prakAzaka, majalise tahakIkAta vana rahI vAte ilAma' (islAmI sa zedhana ane prakAzana akAdamI') pa. bo. naM. 119 (nadavasula ulamA) lakhanava(yu.pI.) jhIla hajaja, hi. sa. 1406; ogasTa, 1986; pRSTha saMkhyA 224, mUlya darzAvyuM nathI. avale kana heThaLanuM A pustaka sarva prathama 1919mAM "ola InDiyA mehameDana ejayukezana konsa' (akhila hiMda muslima zikSaNa pariSada), alIgaDha bhAraphate alIgaDha kelejane insTiTyUTa 206] [sAmIpya oNkaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #98
Acharya Shri Kailassagarsur Gyanmandir presamAM, lekhakanI hayAtImAM chapAyuM hatuM temAM gujarAtane nakazo mukavAmAM AvyuM hatuM paNa A anavAdamAM teno samAveza karAyo nathI. A prakAzananA sAta varSa pachI, ziglI buka Depa, lakhanave tene pharIthI lakhanavathI pragaTa karyuM, jemAM lekhakanA suputra che. saiyada abdula alI sAhebe lekhakane visvata paricaya Apyo hato, anuvAdaka zrI abdulakAdira jAtIvAlA mujaba "yAde ayAma"ne A cothe gujarAtI anuvAda che. tene prathama gujarAtI anuvAda janAba mustaphAbAdIe karelo je rAMderanA mAsika "sAdikamAM hasatAvAra pragaTa thayA hatA. bIjo anuvAda janAba saiyada kAsima alI pIrAnAvAlA sAhebe karyo hato te amadAvAdathI pragaTa thatA 'Abe hayAta"nA phebruArI, 1963 thI phebruArI, 1964 nA samayagALAnA aMkamAM hasatAvAra pragaTa thayo hato. emano trIjo anuvAda : gujarAta sAthe islAmI saMbaMdha" zIrSaka heThaLa suratane "ela IlAha' mAsikamAM eprila, 1958 thI jAnyuArI, 1960 sudhI haphatAvAra pragaTa thayuM hatuM. maulAnA saiyada abdula hayano janma 18, ramajhAnula mubAraka, 1286 hijarI sana (22, Disembara, 189)nA divase rAyabarelI zaheranI hada bahAra AthelA dAIraha hajharata zAha alamulAhamAM thayela hatA. teo hasanI sAdAtanA khAnadAnanA hatA. temanA pitA maulavI hakImasaiyada phakhradIna khyAlI' eka niNAta tabIbI, ciMtanazIla zAyara, moTA lekhaka, phArasIne sAhityakAra ane sAhitya rasika hatA. maulAnA saiyada abdula haye haMsavaha ane rAyabarelImAM phArasI ane arabInuM prAthamika zikSaNa lIdhuM. te pachI IlAhAbAda, bhopAla ane lekhanamAM AgaLa abhyAsa karyo hate. temaNe gaNitazAstra. arabI sAhitya, hadIsa niba (vedakazAstra), kAnUna" UMDe abhyAsa karyo hato. 1915mAM "naravatala ulapAnA vahIvaTadAra tarIke cUMTAyA ane jIvananI aMtima paLa sudhI e para rahyA. teo sAhitya, haThIla, karaAna ane tibba (vaidakazAstra), philasUphI (darzanazAstra) vagere viSaya zIkhavatA. temane zera ane zAyarImAM rasa hato. urdU bhASA ane sAhityanA ItihAsa para emanI vyApaka ane UDI najara hatI. maulAnA u, phArasI ane arabI sAhityamAM ucca sthAna dharAvatA hatA temaNe arabI phArasI ane udamAM aneka graMthanI racanA karI che jenI yAdI A pustakamAM che, temanI vizvavikhyAta arabI bhASAmAM racAyelI kRti "sujhatula khavAtari' che jenA ATha graMtha che. temAM hiMdustAnanA sADAcAra hajAra karatAM e vadhAre amIra umarA ane mahattavanI vyaktione paricaya che. 15, jamArIla Akhirata. hi. sa. saiyada hamane I-kAla (avasAna) thathI janAjho rAyabarelI laI javAmAM Avyo. "kada nAnuM paNa mUlaya moTuM' e kahevata A nAnA graMthane sArI rIte lAgu paDe che. hakIktamAM te i. sa. 1919mAM oNla inDiyA mohameDana ejayukezana konpharansa' (akhila hiMda muslima zikSaNa pariSada)nuM vArSika adhivezana gujarAtamAM suratamAM bharAyuM hatuM, jemAM lekhakane bhAga levAnuM AmaMtraNa maLela ane temAM gujarAtanA ilmI daurane ItihAsa saMpAdita karIne adhivezanamAM temaNe raja karavAno hato, paraMtu surata pahoMcyA pachI lekhaka acAnaka mAMdA paDI gayA ane adhivezanamAM paNa hAjarI ApI zakayA nahI. tethI "yAde ayAma" e temanuM adhivezanamAM rajU karavA mATe taiyAra kareluM saMzodhana patra che. A nAnA saMzodhana patramAM IslAmI saMbaMdhanI zarUAta, musalamAnonA humalA, gujarAtamAM musalamAnonI svataMtra salatanata, gujarAtanA bAdazAhanI zAsana paddhati, madaresAo (vidyAlayo), pratibhAzALI vajIro, gujarAtanA malAI kha, gujarAtane Aliye, gujarAtanA Alime (mogala zahenazAhanA darabAramAM) ane vividha sUciyo A rIte aneka aitihAsika bAbatone AvarI letA prakaraNamAM khUba mahattavanI atahAsika mAhitIone khajAnA ThAMsI ThAMsIne bharavAmAM AvyA che. gujarAtanA A tamAma pAsAM para je prabhAvaka ane saMzodhanAtmaka zailImAM maulAnA hakIma saiyada abdula have sAmIpya : kaTobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988] [207 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #99
208] yAde ayAya'mAM najara nAMkhI che te vismaya upajAve tevI che. A sakSipta pustaka kharekhara gujarAtanA musalamAnonA itihAsa mATe eka mAdazikAnu kAma kare ema che. mokSAnA itihAsanI upayeAgitA ane itihAsakAranI javAbadArIothI sabhAna hatA, prajAnuM samAjajIvana, tenI zikSaNa ane saMskAranI pravRttio, tenAM vicAra ane vana, tenuM AdhyAtmika ane sAMskRtika jIvana vagere aneka bAbatane temaNe nyAya ApavA saphaLa prayatna karyAM che. se...kaDA graMthonA aka ane sattva mAtra gaNutarInAM pRSThomAM rajU karIne emaNe kharekhara bhAre saphaLatApUrvaka itihAsanI sevA bajAvI che. samagra pustakamAM hijarI sana ApavAmAM AvI che paraMtu anuvAdake pustakane aMte hijarIsana-IsavI sananu` kebjhaka Apyu che. je sameTa ane yeAgya ja che. A nAnA pustaka dvArA gujarAtanA itihAsa sa'zeAdhananI keDIe ja mAtra prakAzita nathI thaI ke hindustAnanA vividha pradezA vize sodhana kAryaM karanArIo mATe eka ucca, anukaraNIya namUne prastuta thayA che ema kahI zakAya, kAraNa ke maulAnA saiyada abdula hayanuM A pustaka sauthI vadhAre saMkSipta hovA chatAM sauthI vadhAre mAhitIsabhara che. enu laka guja rAtanA itihAsanA rAjakIya, sAMskRtika ane dhArmika pAsAMote AvarI le che. jo ke anuvAdanI bhASA temAM vaparAtA pracUra urdU` ke phArasI zabdaprayAgA ane vyaktivizeSo mATe vaparAyelA vizeSaNA sAthenA nAmAne kAraNe thADI kahe che. chatAM ghaNe sthaLe anuvAdake tenu paNa suMdara gujarAtI bhASAMtara ApyuM che. anuvAdaka zrIe A anuvAda koI gujarAtI bhASAnA niSNAta pAse tapAsAvI lIdhA hota tA bhASAnI jhaLaka vadhAre Apata. bhAvisaMzAdhanakArane temaja sAmAnya vAcaka va` mATe A khUba upayAgI pustaka puravAra thAya tema che. urdU mAMthI gujarAtImAM anuvAda hAvA chatAM anuvAdakazrIe khUba jahemata uThAvI A pustaka gujarAtI bhASI prajA samakSa mUkayu' te badala zrI abdulakAdara phAtIvAlAne dhanyavAda Te che ane AzA rAkhIe ke A ja pramANe urdU, qArasI ane arakhI itihAsanA graMthe je anuvAdanI vATa jotAM sadIothI amadAvAdanA temaja gujarAtanA graMthAlayeAmAM rahyAM che te gujarAtI bhASI prajA samakSa bane eTalAM jaladIthI bahAra mukAya tA senAmAM sugaMdha bhaLyA jevu' kAma thaze. --thatIvra dIkSita tArAyaNa (tArAgaNu) saM. eca. sI. bhAyANI, prakAzaka, prAkRta graMtha pariSada, amadAvAda-9, pR 17 + 79, ki Mmata za. 20/-, 1987 tArAyaNa (tArAgaNu) navamI sadInA aMtabhAgamAM thaI gayelA bappa bhaTTInAM subhASita prAkRta gAthAonA kavinA ja samakAlIna zaMkuke karela saMgraha, haiM. bhAyANIe saMpAdita karIne prAkRta TekasTa sAsAyaTI dvArA 1987mAM prasiddha karyAM che. A granthamAM gAthAonI kAIka ajJAte racelI saMskRta vRtti paNa prasiddha karavAmAM AvI che, te prAkRtathI cADIka kaThinAI anubhavatA vAcaka mATe sahAyarUpa thaze. A subhASitAnAM mukhya viSayAmAM sajjana-duna, varSA, anurAga, kamalinI, asatI vagere subhASitAmAM dazya thatA evA khIjI viSaye paNa che. DaoN. bhAyANIe bappabhaTTInA jIvana viSenI jANakArI paNa TUMkAmAM ApI che, tathA kavinuM mUlyAMkana kahIne tenI zailI tathA A saMgrahanuM sAhityakIya sthAna paNa cacyu che. eka vizeSatA A saMgrahamAM e che ke kavie eka viSyagata gAthAonA prathamAkSarAnI eka gAthA racIne evu' sUcavyu che ke te gAthAone racanAra khappabhaTTI ja che. ahI' e paNu nAMdhavuM ghaTe ke A saMgrahanI pramukha gAthAomAMthI pa gAthAo te| zakuMke racelI che tema saMpAdake nAMkhyuM che. AmAMnI keTalIka gAthAo vajjA lagnama' mAM paNa maLI Ave che, tethI A badhI gAthAonA kartRtva viSe saMzaya thAya chatAM sapAdakane abhiprAya e saMzayachedI che. -rasikalAla tripAThI [sAmIpya H Tobara, '87 thI mArca, 1988

Page #100
'gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa' saMpA. pro. 2. cho. parIkha ane The. ha, ga'. zAstrI (graMtha 1-7) hai. ha, ga. zAstrI ane hai. pra. 'ci. parIkha (graMtha 8- 9) | kiMmata graMtha 1 : itihAsanI pUrvabhUmikA (5. 24 + 610 + 31 citra) 1972 9-75 (aprApya) cUtha 2 : moyakAlathI guptakSala (5. 23 + 646 + 35 citra) 1972 9-75 ( , ) graMtha 3 : maitrakakAla ane anumaitraka kAla (u. 23 + para 5 + 35 citrA) 1974 6-20 ( , ) graMtha 4 : solaMkIkAla (5. 36 + 628 + 34 citro) 1976 9-55 graMtha 5 : saltanata kAla (5. 32 + 575+ 40 citro) 1976 25-50 graMtha 6 : mughala kAla (pR. 24 + 599 + 38 citro) ' 1979 19-4pa graMtha 7 : marAThI kAla (5. 24 + 461+ 57 citro) 1982 13-25 graMtha 8 : briTiza kAla (I. sa. 1818 thI 1914). 1984 20-40 (5. 31+ 6 84 + 24 citro) graMtha 9 : AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI (I. sa. 1915 thI 196 0) 1987 40-40 (pR. 24 + 570 + 24 citro) -: prAptisthAna : bheA. je vidyAbhavana, ha. kA. ArTasa koleja kempAunDamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380 0 09 prabandhAdimAM aitihAsika ane sAmAjika vastu (5. 4 + 56) 1977 15-00 le. bhegIlAla ja. sAMDesarA avatAre ane avatAravAda (5. 8 + 36), 1978 10-0 0 le. DelararAya mAMkaDa navapurAtatva (5. 8 + 70 + 21 citro). 1983 20-0 0 | le. hasamukha dhI. sAMkaLiyA jaina sampradAyameM mokSa, avatAra aura punarjanma (pR. 4 + 48) 1982 | ta : . vaghanAma banI. Coins : The Source of Indian History (Pages 6 + 143) 198 28-00: by Parameshwari Lal Gupta Indian Literary Theory and Practical Criticism (Pages 7 + 96) 1982 20-00 by Dr. K. Krishnamoorthy History and Culture of Central India 1984 100-00 by Prof. K. D. Bajpai (Pages 132 + 39 Illus.) gaNudharavAda (5. 147 + 212 + 5ra) 1985 10 0 0 0 le. 5, lasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA --: prAptisthAna :gujarAta vidyAsabhA, premAbhAI haoNla, bhadra, amadAvAda-38 0 001 10 0 For Private and Personal Use Only