Prachin Ardhamagadhi ki Khoj me

Author(s): K R Chandra
Publisher: Prakrit Jain Vidya Vikas Fund Ahmedabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001435/1

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vidyA vikAsa phaMDa, pranyAMka-8 zreSThI ka.lA. smAraka. nidhi, granthAMka-6 prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM ke. Ara. candra bhUtapUrva adhyakSa prAkRta-pAli vibhAga bhASA sAhitya bhavana gunarAta yunivarsiTI, ahamadAbAda-9. -: prakAzaka:prAkRta jaina vidyA vikAsa phaMDa ahamadAbAda motocation International For Private & Personal use only www.jalinellibrary org

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vidyA vikAsa phaMDa, pranyAMka-8 zreSThI ka.lA. smAraka. nidhi, prAka-6 prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM ke. Ara. candra bhUtapUrva adhyakSa prAkRta-pAli vibhAga bhASA sAhitya bhavana gujarAta yunivarsiTI, ahamadAbAda-9. -: prakAzaka :prAkRta jaina vidyA vikAsa phaMDa .. ahamadAbAda

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DaoN. ke Ara. candra, mAnada maMtrI prAkRta jaina viza vikAsa phaDa ahamadAbAda-38.015. prata 500 mUlya : 32-00 mukhya vitaraka : baa eskaahn nizApola nAkA, jhaverI vADa rIlIpha roDa, ahamadAbAda 1 mudraka : gAyatrI lebara prinTa 43/A zaMkaranagara, navAvADaja ahamadAsada-13

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AbhAra . isa graMthake prakAzana-vyaya kA vahana zreSThI zrI kastUrabhAI lAlabhAI smAraka nidhi bI. 11, nyU klotha mArkeTa, ahamadAbAda-1 SHRA AN kiyA hai etadartha +- --- --- hama ukta TrasTa evaM usake udAramanA TrasTiyoM -- zrI aravindabhAI narottamabhAI zrI AtmArAmabhAI bhogIlAla sutariyA zrI saMvegabhAI araviMdabhAI zrI kalyANabhAI puruSottamadAsa phaDiyA zrI ramezabhAI puruSottamabhAI zAha ke prati hArdika AbhAra prakaTa karate haiM / 3 -2 P prakAzaka villevalBEUMDE V ROUVaibaTRINTMENER

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zreSThIvarya zrI kastUrabhAI lAlabhAI I. san 1894 ] FoahamadAbAdanalu svargavAsa I. san 1980nelibrary.org, dain Edjanma

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seTha zrI kastUrabhAI lAlabhAI (1894-1980) seTha zrI kastUrabhAI lAlabhAI ke jIvana kAla kA vistAra unnIsavIM zatI ke aMtima dazaka se lekara bIsavIM zatI ke ATha dazakoM taka rahA / gujarAta ke zreSThI-varga kI paramparA ke aMtima stambha ke rUpa meM unhoMne nyAya-nIti evaM prAmANikatA ke sAtha apane vyAvasAyika AdarzoM kA nirvAha kiyA thA / audyogika kSetra meM ve AdhunIkaraNa kI prANa-pratiSThA karane vAle evaM yugapravartaka mAne jAte haiM / kalA evaM zikSA ke kSetra meM bhI unakI dRSTi pragatizIla rahI / vyavasAya ke kSetra meM bhI nijI lAbha kI apekSA rASTra-hita kI bhAvanA hI unameM pramukha rhii| bhArata ke gine-cune udyogapatiyoM meM unhoMne prazaMsanIya sthAna prApta kiyA thA / videzI kampaniyoM ke sahayoga se unhoMne bhArata meM rAsAyanika raMgoM kA utpAdana prArambha kiyA aura apanI anokhI sUjha-bUjha se ve bhAratIya arthanIti ke AdhAra-staMbha bane / antarrASTrIya kSetra meM aneka vikaTa Arthika aura vyAvasAyika samasyAoM ko sulajhAne meM unakI vivekabuddhi ko adbhuta saphalatA milI / vizva ke vastra udyoga ke itihAsa meM unakA nAma svarNAkSaroM meM likhA jAne yogya hai / apane udyoga-saMkula ke kisI bhI vyakti ke sukha-dukha ke pratyeka prasaMga meM usakI pUrI madada karate the / yaha unake vyaktitva kI udAratA aura mAnavIya guNoM kI vizeSatA thI / unakA janma 19 disambara 1894 ko ahamadAbAda meM seTha zrI lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI ke ghara huA jo suzikSita, saMskAra-sampanna aura

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samAja sevA kI bhAvanA se otaprota the / eka bAra lArDa karjana ne mAuMTa AbU ke delavADA ke mandiroM ke zilpa sthApatya se prabhAvita hokara unheM zAsakIya purAtatva vibhAga ke dvArA adhigRhIta karane kA prastAva rakhA taba seTha lAlabhAI ne seTha AnaMdajI kalyANajI kI peDhI ke adhyakSa kI haisiyata se usakA virodha kiyA aura ATha-dasa varSoM taka aneka kArIgaroM ko kAma meM lagAkara yaha siddha kara diyA ki peDhI kI tarapha se mandiroM ke saMrakSaNa meM kitanI suvyavasthA hai / aneka vidyAlayoM, pustakAlayoM evaM saMsthAoM ke nirmAtA ke rUpa meM unakI udAratA kI suvAsa sampUrNa gujarAta meM phailI huI hai / unhoMne 1908 meM sammetazikhara para vyaktigata baMgalA banAne ke zAsakIya Adeza ko nirasta karavAyA thA / ve jaina zvetAmbara kaoNnpharensake mahAmantrI bhI the / briTiza zAsana ne unakI sevAoM kI sarAhanA kI thI aura unheM saradAra kA khitAba pradAna kiyA thA / seTha lAlabhAI ke sAta saMtAna thIM / tIna putra aura cAra putriyA~ / zrI kastUrabhAI unakI cauthI saMtAna thI / pitA ke anuzAsana aura mAtA ke vAtsalya ke bIca ina sAtoM saMtAnoM kA lAlana-pAlana huA / zrI karastubhAI ne prAthamika zikSA nagarapAlikA dvArA saMcAlita eka zAlA meM prApta kI aura ve 1911 meM Ara0 sI0 hAIskUla se meTikyulezana kI parIkSA meM uttIrNa hue / jisa samaya ve cauthI kakSA meM the usa samaya cala rahe svadezI Andolana kA unake citta para gaharA prabhAva par3A / meTrika ke pazcAt unhoMne gujarAta kAleja meM praveza prApta kiyA kintu kAleja jIvana ke prathama chaH mahIne meM hI san 1912 meM pitAjI kA dehAnta ho jAne se mila kI vyavasthA

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meM apane bhAI kI sahAyatA karane ke lie unheM apanA adhyayana chor3a ; denA par3A / unhoMne apane cAcA ke mArgadarzana meM apane hisse meM . AyI rAyapura mila meM TAimakIpara, sTorakIpara Adi se kArya prArambha kiyA aura bAda meM mila ke saMcAlana viSayaka sabhI kAryoM meM yogyatA . arjita karake apanI tejasvI buddhi evaM kArya kuzalatA se use bhArata. kI prasiddha evaM agragaNya kapar3A miloM kI zreNI meM lAkara rakha diyA / usake bAda azoka-mila, aruNa-mila, araviMda-mila, nUtana-mila, anilasTArca aura atula saMkula Adi aneka udyoga-gRhoM kI san 1921 se 1950 ke bIca sthApanA karake lAlabhAI-grupa ko deza ke agragaNya udyogagRhoM meM pratiSThita kara diyA / ___ vyAvasAyika kAryoM ke sAtha sAtha kastUrabhAI ne apane pUjya pitAjI kI taraha loka kalyANa ke kAryoM meM bhI bar3e utsAha se bhAga liyA / san 1921 meM ahamadAbAda nagarapAlikA ke adhyakSa ke nirdeza se unhoMne aura unake anya bhAiyoM ne nagarapAlikA kI prAthamika zAlA ko 50 hajAra kA dAna diyA thA / san 1921 ke disaH mbara mAha meM jaba bhAratIya rASTrIya kAMgresa kA adhivezana ahamadAbAda meM huA taba paMDita motIlAla neharU ke sAtha unakA maitrI sambandha huA / 1922 meM saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela kI salAha se ve bhAratIya saMsada meM mila mAlikoM ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM cune gaye / 1923 meM jaba svarAja pakSa kI sthApanA huI taba ahamadAbAda tathA bambaI ke mila-mAlikoM kI ora se use pA~ca lAkha kA dAna dilavAyA thA / saMsada meM bastra para cuMgI samApta karane kA prastAva kastUrabhAI ne rakhA thA aura zAsana kI aneka vighna-bAdhAoM ke bAvajUda bhI use svIkAra karavA liyA / svarAja pakSa ke sadasya nahIM hone para bhI kastUrabhAI ko paM0 motIlAlajI ne svarAja-zreSTha kI upAdhi pradAna kI thI /

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lambe samaya se cala rahe mila-majadUroM ke bonasa evaM vetana sambandhI vAda-vivAda ko nipaTAne ke lie san 1936 meM gA~dhIjI aura kastUrabhAI kA eka Ayoga banAyA gyaa| prArambha meM donoM ke bIca matabheda utpanna ho gayA parantu anta meM donoM kisI eka vikalpa para sahamata ho gaye / ina saba kAryoM meM kastUrabhAI kI nirbhIkatA, sAhasa aura yogyatA ke darzana hote haiM / __san 1929 meM unhoMne jinevA kI majadUra pariSada meM majadUroM ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM aura san 1934 meM udyogapatiyoM ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM bhAga liyA thA / svatantratA kI prApti ke bAda bhI isI prakAra ke aneka pratinidhi maNDaloM meM unhoMne bhAga liyA thA / ina saba prasaMgoM para deza ke hita ko hI sarvopari mAnakara ve videziyoM ke sAtha kI carcAo meM vilakSaNa buddhi aura kuzalatA kA paricaya dete the / zikSA evaM saMskRti ke kSetra meM unakA yogadAna atyanta mahattvapUrNa rahA hai / ahamadAbAda kI ejukezana sosAyaTI ke Ayojaka ve hI the jisakI sthApanA san 1934 meM huI thI / nagara ke bhAvI zaikSaNika vikAsa ko lakSya meM rakhakara unhoMne 70 lAkha rupaye vyaya karake cha sau ekar3a jamIna saMpAdita karavAI thI jisake pariNAmasvarUpa gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya kA bhavya aura vizAla saMkula astitva meM AyA / unake parivAra kI ora se ela0 DI0 ArTasa kaoNleja, ela0 DI0 injiniyariMga kaoNleja tathA ela0 DI0 prAcya vidyA mandira ko lAkhoM rupaye dAna meM diye gaye / vigata tIsa-paiMtIsa varSoM meM lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI parivAra TrasTa kI ora se do karor3a pacahattara lAkha kA aura apane hI udyoga gRhoM kI ora se cAra karor3a kA dAna diyA gayA / kastUrabhAI ko zikSA ke prati kitanI ruci thI isakA anumAna unake ina saba kAryoM

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se lagAyA jA sakatA hai / yadi aisA na hotA to aTIrA, pI0 Ara0 ela0, lA0 da0 bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira, inDiyana insTiTyUTa oNpha mainejamenTa, skUla oNpha ArkiTekcara, nezanala insTiTyUTa oNpha DijAina aura vikrama sArAbhAI kamyuniTI senTara jaisI - khyAtiprApta antarrASTrIya saMsthAe~ ahamadAbAda meM kaise nirmita ho sakatI ? - yaha udyogapati kastUrabhAI aura yuvA vaijJAnika DaoN0 vikrama sArAbhAI ke saMyukta svapna kI hI siddhi hai / O 0 | bhAratIya saMskRti ke prati unake prema kA paricAyaka hai vizvavidyAlaya - saMkula meM sthita jahAja ke ramaNIya AkAra meM nirmita lA0 - da0 bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira jo san 1955 meM banakara taiyAra huA thA aura usakA udghATana pradhAna mantrI zrI javAharalAla neharU ne kiyA thA / - muni zrI puNyavijayajI ne usa saMsthA ko 10 hastapratoM *evaM 7000 pustakoM kI atyanta mUlyavAna bheMTa arpita kI thI / Aja isa saMsthA ke pAsa 30,000 ke prAyaH prakAzita granthoM kA evaM 70,000 ke prAyaH pANDulipiyoM kA saMgraha hai / usameM se dasa hajAra pANDulipiyoM kI sUcI kendrIya sarakAra kI sahAyatA se evaM 7000 pANDulipiyoM kI sUcI gujarAta sarakAra kI sahAyatA se prakAzita ho cukI hai / adyAvadhi isa saMsthA kI ora se 100 se adhika grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiM / 4800 pANDulipiyoM kI TrAnsaperensI evaM do hajAra mUlyavAna hastapratoM kI mAIkrophilma bhI kara - lI gayI hai sAtha hI sAtha 10:0 se adhika purAne sAmAyikoM ke aMka bhI saMgrahIta haiM / isa saMsthA kA mukhya AkarSaNa sAMskRtika saMgrahAlaya hai / kastUramAI evaM unake parivAra ke logoM kI ora se bheMTa meM - dI gayI bahuta sI purAtAtvika vastuoM ko isa saMgrahAlaya meM saMgrahIta kiyA gayA hai / sundara citra, kalAkRtiyA~, prAcIna vastra - AbhUSaNa,

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sajAvaTa kI vastue~, hastaprata evaM bArahavIM zatI kI citra yukta hastaprata Adi prAyaH cAra sau se adhika vastue~ isa saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita haiM jo prAcIna bhAratIya jIvana aura sAMskRti kI mohaka jhalaka prastuta karatI haiM / purAne premAbhAI haoNla kA sthApatya kastUrabhAI ko kalA kI dRSTi se khaTaka rahA thA / unhoMne lagabhaga chappana lAkha rupaye kharca karake usakA nava saMskaraNa karavAyA jisameM battIsa lAkha kA dAna kastarabhAI parivAra evaM lAlabhAI grupa ke udyoga samUha ne diyA / / vikhyAta injIniyara lUI sAhaba ne kastarabhAI ko kudaratI sUjha vAle injIniyara kahA thA / unhoMne apanI svayaM kI nigarAnI meM rANakapura, delavAr3A, zatraMjaya aura tAraMgAtIrtha ke mandiroM ke zilpa sthApatya kA jo jIrNoddhAra karavAyA hai use dekhate hue lUI kA kathana sahI mAlUma par3atA hai / seTha AnandajI kalyANajI kI peDhI ke adhyakSa ke rUpa meM unhoMne aneka jIrNa tIrthasthaloM kA kalAtmaka dRSTi se. jIrNoddhAra karavAyA / unhoMne upekSita rANakapura tIrtha kA punaruddhAra karake use ramaNIya banA diyA / unhoMne bahuta hI parizrama uThAkara purAnI zilpa kalA ko punarjIvita kiyA / delabAr3A ke mandira ke nirmANa meM jisa jAti ke saMgamaramara kA upayoga huA hai usI jAti kA saMgamaramara dA~tA ke parvata se prApta karane meM bahuta hI avarodha Aye the / kArIgaroM ne jIrNoddhAra kA vyaya pacAsa rupaye ghanaphuTa batAyA thA, kintu usakA kharca baDhate-baDhate pacAsa kI jagaha do sau rupaye pratighanaphuTa AyA phira bhI pratikRti itanI sundara banI ki kastarabhAI kI kalApremI AtmA prasanna ho gayI aura adhika vyaya kI unhoMne tanika bhI cintA nahIM kI / zatraMjayatIrtha meM unhoMne purAne praveza dvAra ke sthAna para nayA dvAra banavAyA aura mukhya mandira kI bhavyatA meM avarodha,

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karane vAle choTe-choTe mandira aura unakI mUrtiyoM ko bIca meM se haTavA diyA / jisa prakAra dharmadRSTi udghATita hote hI jIvana darzana ke kSitijeAM kA vistAra hotA hai usI prakAra jIrNoddhAra ke bAda ina dharmasthAnoM ke kSitija bhI vistRta ho gae / eka amerikana yAtrI ne eka bAra kastUrabhAI se pUchA ! yadi kala hI ApakI mRtyu ho jAya to......! kastUrabhAI ne sasmita kahA : mujhe Ananda hogA / kintu bAda meM kyA ? bAda meM kyA hogA isakI mujhe cintA nahIM hai / ApakA kyA hogA usakA vicAra nahIM AtA hai kyA ! maiM punarjanma meM AsthA rakhatA hUM / usakA tAtparya ? jaina tatvajJAna ke anusAra Izvara jaisA koI vyakti vizeSa nahI hai / pratyeka prANI aura maiM svayaM bhI Izvara kI sthiti ko pahu~ca sakatA hU~ arthAt mujhe mere caritra ko utanA U~cA le jAnA cAhiye . aura yaha vizvAsa utpanna karanA cAhie ki maiM kramazaH usa pada ke lie yogya bana rahA hU~ / isa vicAradhArA meM mujhe AsthA aura gaurava hai / usa sthiti taka kaise pahu~cA jA sakatA hai ? usake upAya bhI hamAre darzana meM batAye haiM :- satya bolanA cAhie, dhana ke prati mamatva nahIM rakhanA cAhie, hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie, Adi / itane ucca Adarza zAyada hI dUsarI jagaha para dekhane ko mile / jaina dharma kyA hai ? satya to yaha hai ki jaina dharma eka dharma nahIM apitu jIvana jIne kI

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kalA hai jisakA AcaraNa karane se mAnava isI janma meM ucca AdhyAtmika sthiti ko prApta kara sakatA hai / kyA jaina dharma meM dhana saMcaya na karane ko kahA gayA hai ? nahIM, usameM kahA gayA hai ki nizcita maryAdA se adhika "dhana-sampatti nahIM rakhanI cAhie / kyA Apane usakA vrata liyA hai ? nahIM kintu svayaM prApta dhana kA kucha hissA sArvajanika ke lie kharca karane kA merA niyama hai / dinAMka 8 janavarI 1980 ko kastUrabhAI bambaI meM bImAra paDe, DAkTara ne unake svAsthya ko dekhakara pandraha dina bistara meM hI 'ArAma karane kI salAha dii| kintu kastarabhAI ne kahA mujhe ahamadAbAda le calo maiM vahIM ArAma karUMgA / DAkTara ne pravAsa nahIM karane kI - salAha dI kintu kastUrabhAI ke mana meM ahamadAbAda ke prati aisI AtmIyatA thI ki unhoMne apane antima dina ahamadAbAda meM hI bitAne kI tIvra icchA vyakta kI / unako baicena dekhakara DAkTara ne aMta meM ahamadAbAda jAne kI sammati dI / vedanA hone para bhI kastarabhAI ke mukha para Ananda chA gayA embyUlensavAna dvArA sTezana lAe gaye / dUsare dina subaha jaba ahamadAbAda pahuMce taba mana prasanna ho gayA, mAno sArI pIDA samApta ho gayI ho, parantu 19 janavarI ko divyadhAma ke AmaMtraNa ko zAnti pUrvaka svIkAra kara unhoMne usake lie prasthAna kara diyA / kastarabhAI mAnate the ki vyakti kI mRtyu se deza kA utpAdana rukanA nahIM cAhie / unake anusAra vyakti ko sahI zraddhAMjali to usakI bhAvanAnusAra kAma karake hI dI jAnI caahie| unhoMne spaSTa

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- 13 nirdeza diyA thA ki mere avasAna ke zoka meM nahIM rahanI cAhie / unake putroM ne unakI yaha kI nau miloM ke sabhI karmacArI - gaNoM ko sUcita karo' ise seTha kA aMtima Adeza mAnakara kAma para laga gaye / sArA ahamadAbAda zahara jinake zoka meM banda rahA vahIM unhIM kI mileM usa dina kAryarata rahIM yahI eka apUrva ghaTanA thI / dhIrubhAI ThAkara eka bhI mila banda - icchA lAlabhAI grupa kara dI / 'kArya

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sampAdakIya evaM prakAzakIya mujhe isa prakAra ke adhyayana aura use graMthabaddha karanekI preraNA zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya dvArA prakAzita 'AcArAMga'se hI milI / usameM mUlagraMthakI pratoM aura cUrgI kA upayoga karake aneka pAThAntara diye gaye haiM / isa saMskaraNakI jaba zuciMga mahodaya dvArA saMpAdita AcArAMga ke sAtha tulanA kI gayI taba to bhASAviSayaka bar3A hI Azcarya huA / zukiMga mahodaya ke saMskaraNa meM zabdAvalI prAyaH mahArASTrI prAkRta kI hai, arthAt rAkaraNakArerAne mahArASTrI prAkRta bhASA ke lie dhvani-parivata na sambandhI jo niyama banAye unakA prAyaH akSarazaH pAlana kiyA gayA ho aisA lagA jabaki unhoM ke dvArA sampAdita 'itibhAsiyAI" graMtha dekhA gayA to aura bhI Azcarya huA kamoMki isameM madhyavatI 'tako 'ta-zruti mAnakara use sarvathA niSkAsita nahIM kiyA gayA hai aura isa vyajanake alAvA anya alpaprANa aura mahAprANa vyaMjanAMkI yathAvat sthiti bhI jagaha jagaha para milatI hai / Agama divasakara pU. muni zrI puNyavijaya jI aura pa. zrI becaramAI dozIkA bhI yahI kahanA thA ki ardha. mAgadhI AgamoM meM madhyavatI thajanoMkA lopa itane pramANa meM nahIM thA jitanA Ajake saMskaraNoM meM mila rahA hai / isa prakAra yadi adhamAgadhI bhASA bhI pAli bhASAkI taraha purAnI hai aura azoka ke zilAlekhose pahale kI bhASA hai taba to usakA rUpa dUsarA hI honA cAhie thA | adhyayanakartAoMkI aura le hiyoMkI aneka pIDhiyoM ke hAtha mUla arghamAgadhIkA aneka zatAbdiyoM daramyAna rUpa hI badala gayA / isa tathya ke pramANa hameM hastapratoMmeM mila rahe haiM / ina saba pramANoM ko yahA~ para mayabaddha kiyA gayA hai / yaha to mAtra anveSaNakA prathama prayatna hai, isa sambandhameM mere khyAlase abhI Age aura kArya karane kI AvazyakatA hai / upalabdha hastapratose sabhI pAThAntaroM kI sUcI banAkara unameMse bhASAkI dRSTise jo jo prAcInatama pATa haiM unheM khoja nikAlanA cAhie / isa sambandhameM eka aura kArya karanekI AvazyakatA pratIta hotI hai / vaha yaha ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM se mUla ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRtake zabdoM aura rUpoMko alaga alaga kiyA jAnA cAhie jisase prAcIna ardhanAga kA svarUpa spaSTa ho sake / yaha to saMzodhana kArya karanevAlI kisI mAtabara saMsthAkA kArya hai, kisI eka vyakti dvArA yaha kArya kiyA jAnA bahuta kaThina hai / AzA kI jAtI hai ki zodha saMsthAe~, sarakAra aura jaina samAja isa viSaya para dhyAna deNge|

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___ AnaMdakI bAta hai ki hamArI saMsthAkA yaha AThavA prakAzana hai / paM.. zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA aura DaoN. zrI ha. cU. bhAyANIkI taraphase jo sahayoga milatA rahA hai usake lie maiM aura hamArI saMsthA unakI AbhArI haiM / isa saMsthA ke kAryoM ke lie jo protsAhana aura Arthika sahayoga milatA rahA hai usake lie hama 'zreSThI kastUrabhAI lAlabhAI smAraka nidhi'ke sabhI TrasTiyoM aura zrI AtmArAmabhAI sutariyAke vizeSa AmArI hai / DaoN. ku. prIti mahetA aura ku. zobhanA Ara. zAha bhI dhanyavAdake pAtra haiM jo saMsthAke kArya meM madada karatI saMsthA ke utsAhI pramukha zrI bI. ema. bAlara kA bhI isa avasara para smaraNa karate hue Ananda kA anubhava hotA hai / isa prathake mudraNake lie zrI pItAmbaramAI je. mizrA gAyatrI lebara prinTasa aura mudraNAlayake sabhI kAryakartAoM kA bhI hama AbhAra mAnate haiM / tA. 9-1-92 . ke. Ara. candra mAnada maMtrI

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eka viziSTa prayatna kaI vidvAnAne jainAgama - AcArAMgakA samaya I. sa. pUrva 300 ke AsapAsa rakhA hai kintu aba taka kisI vidvAnane usa samaya meM likhe gaye azoka ke zilAlekhoM kI bhASA ke sAtha AcArAMgakI bhASA kI tulanA nahIM kI / kisI ko yaha vicAra bhI nahIM AyA ki jaba donoMkA lagabhaga eka hI samaya hai taba bhASA meM itanA antara kyoM ? dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki bha mahAvIra aura bha. buddha donoMne apane upadeza bihAra meM diye haiM to usa pradeza kI bhASAmeM hI diye hoMge taba phira jainAgama aura pAli piTaka kI bhASA meM bhI samAnatA kyoM nahIM ? inhIM praznoMkA lekara DaoN. ke. RSabhacandrane sarva prathama azoka ke lekha, pAli piTaka aura jainAgama - AcArAMgakI bhASAkA abhyAsa karanekA prayatna diyA hai / maiM 1 sAkSI hU~ ki isake lie unhoMne apane abhyAsakI sAmagrI lagabhaga 75 hajAra kArDoM meM ekatra kI hai| AcArAMga ke sAtha sAtha sUtrakRtAMga, RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, suttanipAta aura azoka ke zilAlekhoM ke zabdoMke saMskRta rUpAntara ke sAtha kArDa taiyAra karavAye haiM / isI sAmagrIkA prastuta grantha "prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM" meM upayoga kiyA gayA hai / unhoMne isa samasyA ke samAdhAna ke lie jo lekha likhe unhIMkA saMgraha prastuta graMtha meM haiM / prastuta grantha eka choTI sI pustikA hI hai parantu usake pIche DaoN. candrakA kaI varSo kA prayatna hai - yaha hameM bhUlanA nahIM cAhie | jainAgamoMke saMzodhana kI prakriyA zatAdhika varSoM se cala rahI hai kintu usa prakriyAko eka nayI dizA yaha pustikA de rahI hai yaha yahA~ dhyAna denekI bAta hai aura isake lie vidvajjagat DA~ candrakA AbhArI rahegA isameM koI saMzaya nahIM hai / vizeSa rUpa se bhagavAna mahAvIrane jisa bhASA meM upadeza diyA vaha ardhamAgadhI mAnI jAtI hai to usakA mUla svarUpa kyA ho sakatA hai yaha DA~ candrake saMzodhanakA viSaya hai / isI lie unhoMne prakAzita jaina AgamoMke pAThoM kI paraMparAkA parIkSaNa kiyA hai aura dikhAnekA prayatna kiyA hai ki bhASAke mUla svarUpako binA jAne hI bo prakAzana huA hai yA kiyA gayA hai anyathA eka hI perAmeM eka hI zabda ke jo vividha rUpa milate haiM vaha saMbhava nahIM thA / unhoMne prayatna kiyA hai ki prAcIna ardhamAgadhIkA kyA aura kaisA svarUpa ho sakatA hai use prasthApita kiyA jAya / AcArya hemacandrake prAkRta vyAkaraNakA bhI nayI dRSTise kiyA gayA adhyayana prastuta grantha meM milegA /

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udAharaNake taura para 'kSetrajJa' zabda ke vividha prAkRta rUpekio lekara tathA AcArAMgake upodAtarUpa prathama vAkyakA lekara jo carcA bhASAkI dRSTise kI gayI hai vaha yaha dikhAne ke lie hai ki jo abhI taka mudraNa huA hai vaha bhASA vijJAna kI harise kitanA adhUrA hai / DaoN. candrakA yaha sarva prathama prayatna prazaMsAke yogya hai| itanA hI nahIM kintu jainAgamake saMpAdanakI prakiyAko nayI dizAkA bodha dene vAlA bhI hai aura jo AgamasaMpAdanameM rasa le rahe haiM ve sabhI DaoN. candrake AbhArI raheMge / dalasukha mAlavaNiyA 8 operA sosAyaTI ahamadAvAda-7 tA : 11-12-91

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Abbreviations a. sU : adhyAya aura sUtra u sU : uddezaka aura stra AlsaDarpha : Ludwig Alsdorf, Kleine Schriften, Wiesbaden, 1974 Agamo(daya) : Agamodaya samiti, mehesANA jai vi. bhA. : jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU na. nambara pR. pRSTha ma. je. vi : mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI meheNDale : M. A Mehendale : Historical Grammar of Inscriptional Prakrits zApe. je zApeNTiyara zu., zubriga : DaoN. vAlthera zubriga

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anukramaNikA adhyAya zIrSaka pRSTha 1-34 35-52 53-67 jaina Agama grayoM ke vividha saMskaraNoM meM ardhamAgadhI kI sthiti ardhamAgadhI meM prAcIna bhASAkIya tatva ardhamAgadhI Agama granthoM kI prAcInatA aura unakI racanA kA sthala AcArya zrI hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA prAcIna ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kI mukhya lAkSaNikatAe~ kSetrajJa zabda kA artha mAgadhI rUpa AcArAMga ke upodAta ke vAkya kA pATha mUla adhamAgadhI kI punaH racanA : eka prayatna viSaya-sUcI saMdarbha graMtha 80.84 82-93 100-106 11

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1. jaina Agama-graMthoM ke vividha saMskaraNoM meM ardhamAgadhI kI sthiti ardhamAgadhI ke jaina Agama-graMthoM ke vividha saMskaraNoM meM bhASAkIya eka-rUpatA ( vizeSataH 'dhvani-parivartana-sambandhI ) nahIM mila rahI hai / samaya ke pravAha ke sAtha pAThoM meM bhASAkIya parivartana hote gaye haiM aura sAtha hI sAtha prAcInatAdarzI pATha bhI kisI na kisI aMza meM bace hue milate haiM / kisI graMtha meM yA kisI saMskaraNa meM prAcIna to kisI meM paravartI, eka hI saMskaraNa meM kahIM para prAcIna to kahIM para paravartI bhASAkIya prayoga milate haiM / ina muddoM ko hI yahA~ para sodAharaNa spaSTa kiyA gayA haiM aura yaha AzA bhI vyakta kI gayI hai ki upalabdha prAcIna (sAmagrI) prayogoM ke AdhAra se puna: sampAdana karake jaina AgamoM kI prAcInatA kI surakSA meM hama kahA~ taka saphala ho sakate haiM / (ka) ardhamAgadhI Agama-graMthoM ke pATha badala jAnA bhASAkIya dRSTi se ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ke pATha badala jAne ke bAre meM AgamoM ke gaMbhIra adhyetA Agama-divAkara pU. muni zrI puNyavijayajIne apane kalpasUtra ke saMskaraNa meM jo bAteM kahI haiM ve bahuta mahattvapUrNa haiM / isa viSaya meM unakA jo abhiprAya hai usakA sAra nIce diyA jA rahA hai : (1) sabhI pratiyoM meM bhASA kI dRSTi se adhika vaiSamya hai / (2) cUrNikAra aura TIkAkAroM ne jo pATha yA Adarza apanAye - hoMge ve Adarza pratiyA~ hamAre sAmane nahIM haiN| 1. kalpasUtra, pU. zrI puNyavijayajI, sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba, pR. 3 se 7 (mUla gujarAtI), 1952. Jain. Education International

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM ke Ara. candra .. (3) maulika pAThoM ke viSaya meM puna: gaMbhIra vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai / (4) cUrNikAra ke sAmane jo pATha the ve kisI bhI prata meM nahIM mile / (5) madhyavartI alpaprANa vyaMjana kA prAyaH lopa aura mahAprANa kA prAyaH ha-ina niyamoM ko itanA adhika sthAna prApta nahIM thA / (6) paravartI AcAryoM ne jAnabujhakara prayogoM ko badalA haiM athavA prAcIna zabda prayoga nahIM samajhane ke kAraNa unako badala diyA haiM / phira bhI anekAneka sthaloM para maulika prayoga baca gaye haiN| (7) paravartI kAla meM hareka pradeza meM prAkRta bhASA khicar3I bana . gayI hai aura AgamoM kI bhASA bhI khicar3I bana gaI hai| (8) ina sabhI kAraNoM se jana ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI maulika ___ bhASA kaisI thI use khoja nikAlanA duSkara ho gayA hai / hareka Agama graMtha, bhASya aura cUrNI graMtha meM yaha parivartana ghara kara gayA hai / (9) saMzodhana ke lie mAtra pU. hemacandrAcAryakA vyAkaraNa paryApta nahIM hai / pU. munijI ke abhiprAya ke jo mudde Upara diye gaye haiM unameM se naM. 3,5,6 aura 9 bahuta mahattvapUrNa haiM / hamAre adhyayana tathA saMzodhana kArya ke daramiyAna hameM bhI aisI hI pratIti huI hai ki bhASAkIya dRSTi se jaina AgamoM kA puna: sampAdana kiyA jAnA cAhie / 1. kyA isI kAraNa pU. hemacandrAcArya ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM ardhamAgadhI kI apanI koI maulikatA spaSTa rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM ho rahI hai|

Page #26
Agama-graMthoM meM .....ardhamAgadhI kI sthiti (kha) prAcIna bhASA meM kAlAntara se Agata parivartanoM ke katipaya udAharaNa prAcIna bhASA meM kisa prakAra parivartana Aye haiM unakI spaSTatA kucha prayogoM ke AdhAra se kI jA sakatI hai / (1) 'jIvita' zabda (a) sabbesaM jIvitaM piyaM-dhammapada, 130 / (ba) sanvesiM jIvitaM piyaM-AcArAMga, sUtra 78 (ma. jai. vi. saMskaraNa) dhammapada aura AcArAMga meM 'jIvita' zabda eka samAna mila rahA hai kyoMki bhagavAna buddha aura bhagavAna mahAvIra samakAlIna the, itanA khyAla rakhanA cAhie / isa zabda meM paravartI kAla meM jo parivartana AyA vaha zubiMga mahodaya ke saMskaraNa se spaSTa hogA / unake saMskaraNa meM pATha isa prakAra hai : (sa) 'savvesiM jIviyaM piyaM'-AcA. pR. 8.25 / yahA~ para 'jIviyaM' zabda para vyAkaraNakAroM ke dhvani--parivartana ke niyama kA prabhAva spaSTa taura se naz2ara A rahA hai / (2) 'kSetrajJa' zabda AcArAMga meM hI (ma. jai. vi.) kSetrajJa zabda ke aneka prAkRta rUpa milate haiM --khettanna, khetanna, khedanna, khedaNNa, khetaNNa aura kheyaNNa / - kyA ye sabhI rUpa eka hI kAla aura eka hI kSetra meM eka sAtha cale hoMge? spaSTa hai ki inameM (pUrvI kSetra) mAgadhI, (uttarI kSetra) zaurasenI aura (pacchimI kSetra) mahArASTrI--tInoM prAkRta bhASAoM ke rUpa vidyamAna haiM / antima cAra rUpoM para vyAkaraNakAroM kA prabhAva bilakula spaSTa hai aura ve kramazaH paravartI kAla meM praviSTa hue haiM /

Page #27
prAcIna adhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke. Ara. candra (3) 'Atman' zabda __ AcArAMga meM isake lie attA, AtA aura AyA tInoM zabda prayukta hue haiM / inameM se AyA zabda kyA spaSTataH paravartI kAla kA rUpa nahIM hai ? AtA ke madhyavartI 'ta' ke lopa se bane AyA zabda para vyAkaraNakAroM kA hI prabhAva hai / sUtrakRtAMga (1.4.2.22. AlsaDarpha) meM adhyAtma ke lie ajjhatta(visuddhe) kA prayoga hai jabaki anya saMskaraNoM meM ajjhattha (visuddhe) milatA hai jo paravartI prayoga hai (dekhie Kleine Schriften, p. 200). (4) 'mokSa' zabda (uttarAdhyayana, a. 4.3) (a) mokkhu (puNyavijayajI, ma. jai.vi.) pAThAntara-mukkhu, mukkha / (ba) mukkha (zANTiyara saMskaraNa) zabda ke dvitIya pATha meM saMyukta vyaMjana ke pahale jo o kA u kara diyA gayA hai yaha bhI paravartI bhASAkIya prabhAva hI hai / (5) vyaMjana La (vaidika) kA pryog| vyAkaraNakAroM kA kahanA hai ki La kA prayoga sirpha pAli aura paizAcI taka hI sImita hai / paraMtu isakA prayoga AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga meM kisI na kisI prakAra kahIM na kahIM baca gayA hai : leLu, leDhusi (AcArAMga, pizala 379), leLuNA (AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, pizala 304, 379) / isa 'La' ke sthAna para Adhunika saMskaraNoM meM 'la' milatA hai / prAcInatA kisa prakAra adRzya hotI gayI usakA yaha bhI eka acchA udAharaNa hai / (6) nIce diye jA rahe pAThAntaroM meM paravartI kAla kI bhASAkIya lAkSaNikatAe~ spaSTataH dRSTigocara ho rahI haiM:

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Agama -graMthoM meM .....adha mAgadhI kI sthiti (ma. jai. vi. saMskaraNa) (pAThAntara) anitiyaM aNiccaM (AcA. 1.1.5.45) sahasammuiyA sahasammuie (AcA. 1.1 1.2) aNuputvIya aNupuvIe (AcA. 1.8.8.230) pamajjiyA pamajjijjA (AcA. 1.9.1 273) AcArAMga ke hI kisI na kisI saMskaraNa meM UparavAle pAThAntara mUla pATha ke rUpa meM apanAye gaye haiM jo paravartI kAla ke pATha haiM / (7) zrutaM me bhagavatA...ke prAkRta pATha ke viSaya meM (a) AcArAMga (ma. jai. vi.) ke prArambha meM hI isa prakAra .. kA pATha hai :suyaM me AusaM teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM (1.1.1.1) / / (ba) mUlArAdhanA para vijayodayA TIkA2 kA pATha hai :____ sudaM me AussaMto ! bhagavadA evamakkhAdaM / (sa) sUtrakRtAMga meM eka jagaha (2.2.694 ) pATha isa prakAra hai : sutaM me AusaMteNaM bhagavatA evamakkhAtaM (ma.ja.vi.) / / (da) isibhAsiyAi ke hareka adhyayana meM 'arahatA buitaM' pATha milatA hai jisameM mUla 'ta' yathAvat hai paraMtu Upara diye gaye pAThoM meM eka meM ta kA da aura eka meM ta kA ya mila rahA hai / 1. anya pramANoM ke anusAra yahI pATha sahI hai / mudrita 'sahasammuiyAe' pATha meM do vibhaktiyA~-yA aura- e lagI haiM / dekhie : 'sahasammuyAe' pATha para kucha carcA; A.I.O.C. Proceedings, Calcutta, 1986 2. AcArAMga, prastAvanA, pR. 36 (ma. jai vi. saMskaraNa) /

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke. Ara. candra (8) dhvani-parivartana ke kAraNa hastapratoM meM paravartI kAla ke pATha utara Ane ke udAharaNa :( (prakAzita granthapATha) | (pratoM meM pAThAntara) | (sUtra naM.) picchAe piMchAe | AcA. 52 | " 52 pucchAe puMchAe maMtA mattA AcA. zubiMga pR. 4.15 jadhA, tadhA ke sthAna para 'jahA', 'tahA' pATha apanAyA gayA hai| dekhie sUtra. 92 ke pAThAntara egatA AcA. 79 egadA Nassati NAsati etaM paveditaM adhe thIbhi thIhi eyaM pavetiyaM ahe " 84 ahikaMtaM " 1.2 1.5 (jai. vi. bhA. saMskaraNa) / vivajjAsaM, vivarIyaM / sUtrakR.1.1.4.9 abhikkaMta viparIyAsaM 1. mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya saMskaraNa

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Agama-graMthoM meM......ardhamAgadhI kI sthiti (ba) AcArAMga kI cUrNi kI pratoM ke pATha AcA. sUtra 40 loya mattA ke lie / maMtA logaM " kUrANi " kUrAI kammANi " kammAI parivaMdaNa" pariyaMdaNa atithibale" atidhibale " 79 (9) pAli bhASA ke suttanipAta se bhI isI prakAra ke dhvanyAtmaka parivartana ke pAThAntara dhyAna meM lene yogya haiM :pahassamANo (50.10) kA pahaMsamANo aura vItarasmi ke lie vItaraMsI (55.4..) pAThAntara milate haiM / / spaSTa hai ki kAla ke pravAha ke sAtha graMtha kI prAcIna bhASA meM kisa prakAra parivartana hote rahe haiM / (ga) AcArAMga ke do saMskaraNoM (zubiMga mahodaya aura pU. jaMbUvijayajI) kI vizeSatAe~ zubiMga' mahodaya dvArA madhyavartI alpaprANa vyaMjanoM kA lopa aura mahAprANoM kA ha kara diyA gayA hai arthAt vyAkaraNakAroM ke niyamoM kA akSarazaH pAlana huA hai| isake viparIta pU. jaMbUvijayajI 1. AcArAMga, lIpajiga, 1910 2. AcArAMga, ma.jai vi , 1977

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ ke. Ara candra ke saMskaraNa meM madhyavartI vyaMjana adhikatara yathAvat sthiti meM pAye jAte haiM / zubriMga mahodaya ne zabda ke andara ke takAra aura vibhakti, pratyaya, kRdanta ityAdi ke tA, ti, tu, tuM, to ityAdi kA sarvathA lopa kara diyA hai jabaki unhIM ke dvArA upayoga meM lI gayI pratoM meM se prAcInatama tADapatrIya prata meM (e saMjJaka ) vartamAnakAla ke pratyaya -ti kI upalabdhi 50 pratizata hai, sarvatra - ti ke sthAna para -i nahIM milatA hai' / pU. jaMbUvijayajI ke saMskaraNa meM madhyavartI ta kA lopa alpamAtrA meM milatA hai / zujiMga mahodaya ke saMskaraNa meM madhyavartI vyaMjanoM kA lopa 50 pratizata se adhika mAtrA meM milatA hai jabaki jaMbUvijayajI ke saMskaraNa meM 25% hI milatA hai 12 zukriMga mahodaya ke saMskaraNa meM prAraMbhika nakAra, avyaya na, madhyavartI aura prAraMbhika nya, madhyavartI nna, prAraMbhika aura madhyavartI jJa ke sthAna para na aura na hI milatA hai jabaki pU. jaMbUvijayajI ke saMskaraNa meM Na aura paNa milatA hai / prAkRta bhASA ke kramazaH vikAsa kI dRSTi se pU. jaMbUvijayajI ne paravartI kAla kI lAkSaNikatA ke prayoga apanAye haiM jabaki zubiMga mahodaya ne yahA~ para prAcIna paddhati apanAyI hai / 3 1. unhIM ke dvArA sampAdita 'isibhAsiyAI' meM madhyavartI ta kI yathAvat sthiti (alaga alaga adhyayanoM meM 50 se 100 pratizata milatI hai / 2. zuviMga mahodaya dvArA saMpAdita 'isibhAsiyAI' meM madhyavartI vyaMjanoM kA lopa kabhI 10, kabhI 25, kabhI 35 aura ausatana lagabhaga 25 pratizata hI milatA hai / 3. dekhie merA lekha : prAcIna prAkRta bhASA meM Aya nakAra yA NakAra; prAkata vidyA, udayapura, julAI-sitambara, 1989

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Agama-graMthoM meM......ardhamAgadhI kI sthiti sajAtIya vyaMjanoM ke sAtha saMyukta rUpa meM AnevAle kaNThaya aura tAlavya anunAsika G aura ke prayoga zubiMga mahodaya ke saMskaraNa meM yathAvat milate haiM paraMtu pU. jambUvijayajI ke saMskaraNa meM ina anunAsika vyaMjanoM ke sthAna para sarvatra anusvAra kara diye gaye haiM / yaha paddhati bhI eka prakAra se prAcInatA ko arvAcInatA meM badalane kI hI hai / isa taraha se yaha sAbita hotA hai ki alaga alaga sampAdakoM ne prAcIna graMthoM ke sampAdana meM apane alaga alaga siddhAnta banAye haiM aura grantha kI prAcInatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara prAcIna bhASA-prayogoM ko prAdhAnya nahIM diyA haiM / ___ (gha) vibhinna saMskaraNoM meM alaga alaga dhvani-parivartana vAle zabda aura pratyaya (1) AcArAMga ke pATha zuciMga. Agamodaya / jai.vi.bhA. ma.ja.vi.ke sUtra naM. dhvani-parivartana : ka = ka, ga, ya logAvAI / loyAvAdI ! logAvAI ! logAvAdI 1.1.1.3 logaM loyaMloyaM loga 1.1.3.22 logasi logaMsi logaMsi / logaMsi 1.1.1.9 mahovagaraNaM mahAvagaraNaM / mahAvagaraNaM mahovakaraNaM 1.2.4.82 bahugA bahugA bahugA / bahuyA 1.2.4.82 udaya- udaya- / udaya - udaya- 1.1.3.26 . 1. dekhie merA lekha : "prAcIna prAkRta meM G aura bU ke parivartana kI samIkSA", prAkRta vidyA, julAI-disambara, 1990.

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke. Ara. candra aniMga / Agamodaya | jai.vi.bhA.! ma.jai.vi. | sUtra naM. ja = ja, ya viyahittu / viyahittA | vijahittu / vijahittA ! 1.1 3.20 1.1.1.7 ta = ta, a, ya bhgvyaa| bhagavatA / bhagavayA, bhgvtaa| paveiyA paveiA ! paveiyA / paveditA 1.1 1.7 paveiyA / paveditA / paveditA paveditA 11.1.24 annayarIo | aNNayarIo aNNayarIo anntriitaa| 1.1.1.1 , annatarIo 1.1.12 ahiyAe / ahiAe ahiyAe / ahitAe 1.1.2.1 bhavai bhavai bhavati 1.1.11 bhavai bhavati bhavati / bhavati 1.11.1 da = da, ya kmmaavaaii| kammAvAdI kmmaavaaii| kammAvAdI : 1.1.1.3 paDisaMveei paDisaMvedei paDisaMvedei paDisaMvedayati 1.1.1.6 udaraM uyaraM udaraM 1.1.2 15 udaya udaya- udaya- / udaya- 1.1.3.26 bhavai uyaraM dha = dha, ha ahedisAo ) ahodisAo | ahedisAo! adhedisAto 1.1.1.1

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Agama-graMthoM meM .. ...ardhamAgadhI kI sthiti 11 zubiMga Agamodaya, ja.vi.bhA. ma.jai.vi. sUtra naM. na = na, Na no No No No 1.1 !.1 natthi natthi Nasthithi 1.1.1.1 jJa = na, paNa nAyaM NAyaM NAtaM NAtaM 11.11.1 samaNunne samaNunne / samaNuNNe samaNuNNe - nna - nna, guNa ainnAyANaM adinnAdANaM adinnAdANaM adinnAdANaM 1.1.3.26 chinnaM chiNNaM chinnaM chiNNaM 1.1 5.45 1.1.1.4 nya = nna, paNa annayarIo aNNayarIo aNNayarIo annesiM aNNesiM aNNesiM (ba) vibhakti : annatarIto aNNesiM 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.2 - " cute 111.11 Finimi cuocue cuo aNegA aNege aNegA aNegA11.3.26 annayarammi aNNayaraM mi aNNayaraMsi / aNNayara mi 126.96 (sa) kriyA-rUpa :adakkhU adakkhU, adakkhU adakkhU 1.9 1 27 sahaI sahate sahatI 12.6.98paDisaMveei paDirAvedei / paDisaMvedei paDisaMvedayati 1.1.1.6 aNupAliyA aNupAlijjA! aNupAliyA aNupAliyA 1.1.3 20 - sahae

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke. Ara. candra (da) kRdanta : | viyahitta | viyahittA ! vijahitta / vijahittA | 1.1.3.20 (2) itthIparinnA (sUtrakRtAMga [4) ke pATha AlsaDarpha / ma.ja.vi. / jai.vi.bhA. | puNyavijayajI / u. sU. (a) dhvani-parivartana :- ka =ka, ga, ya ekadA sAviyA egayA sAviyA ukasanti uvagasittANaM -jAiyA -pAgAe egatA ekadA sAviyA sAvikA uvakasanti uvksnti| uvagasittANaM uvagasittANaM -jAtikA --jAtikA -pAgAe -pAgAe - -jAiyA -pAyAya 1.14 1.26 11.20 17 2 19 2.5 ga=ga, a bhoga- mie bhogamie bhoga-- mie bhoga- / mie 2.1 19 ja = ja, a / oe teyasA / oje teyasA oe teyasA | oe teyasA 2.1 1.21

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Agama-grayoMmeM......ardhamAgadhI kI sthiti ta = ta, da, ya 2.19 -jAiyA | --jAtikA --jAtikA / --jAiyA sarapAdagaM / sarapAdagaM / sarapAyagaM / sarapAdagaM 2.13 tha = dha, ha 2.13 gorahagaM aha gorahagaM / aha | gorahagaM / aha goradhagaM adha da = da, ya, ta egayA / egatA egayA ekadA / AyaMsagaM egatA ekadA / AtaMsaga 1.4 1.14 2.11 AdaMsaMga AdaMsagaM dha = dha, ha ahe / ahe ahe / adhe / 1.3 (ba) vibhakti, kriyArUpa aura kRdanta : 1.19 AiTTho --pAgAe AiTTho --pAgAe 25 2.10 AiTTho AiTTe ! -pAgAe / pAyAya ., .. ! pAtAe AghAe AghAti saMThaveMti pavesehi pavesehi / AyAe - 1.11 AghAe AghAti saMThavanti . saMThaventi pavesAhi | pavesehi AdAya / AyAe 2.17 / 211 1.10

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14 (sa) itthIparinnA (sUtrakR. 1.4) se kucha aura udAharaNa sUtra naM. | saMskRta | 1.4.1 25 rukSam gRhANi 1.4.1 2 sUkSmeNa 1.4.1.24 vAcA 14.1.16 AtmahitAya 1.4.1.15 bhavanti 1.4.1.9 mucyate 1.4 1.31 icchet 1.4.1 12 viharet (3) sUtrakRtAMga ( 1.6) 1.4.1.17 ( ma.ja.vi.) pannasA mahIya prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM / ke. Ara. candra prAkRta haM [ anya saMskaraNa] gihANi [ puNyatriM.] suhRmena~ [AlsaDarpha] vAyA [ AlsaDarpha ] AtahitAya ( ma. jai. vi.] bhavaMti [ puNyavi.] muccae [AlsaDarpha ] icche [anya] vihare [anya] (jai. vi. bhA. ) paNNayA mahI saMskaraNa rukkhaM [je.vi.bhA.] gihAI [anya] sumeNa [anya] vAyAi, vAyAe [anya] AyahiyAe [anya] hoMti [anya] muccatI, muccaI [anya] icchejja [ puNyavi.] viharejja [ AlsaDarpha ] (a. sUtra naM.) paravartI kAla ke zabda aura rUpoM ne kisa prakAra lehiyoM aura saMpAdakoM ko prabhAvita kiyA haiM tathA sAtha hI sAtha prAcIna zabda aura rUpa baca bhI pAye haiM unakA yaha spaSTa citra upasthita ho rahA hai / 1.6.8 1.6 13

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bhAgama-graMthoMmeM......ardhamAgadhI kI sthiti (4) isibhAsiyAI (zubiMga) (ma.jai.vi.) (adhyAya) cautthaM uvahANavaM AyAti bhavidavvaM kAhaM jadhA parinnAtA catutthaM uvadhANa AyAi bhavitavvaM ko, jahA pariNNAtA vedaNA veyaNA ghaTTati ghaTTa (5) uttarAdhyayana (AlsaDarpha) saMbhUta (a. sU.) 13.11 (a)| (zANTiyara) / saMbhUya | (ma.jai.vi.)* kAmabhoe bhogAI (jai.vi.bhA.) kAmabhoge bhogAI ! 13.34 13.20 - - 'sAmAyArI' ke 26 veM adhyayana meM madhyavartI 'ga' ma. jai. vi. ke saMskaraNa meM 7 bAra yathAvat milatA hai jabaki sApeNTiyara aura jai. vi bhAratI ke saMskaraNa meM ga kA prAyaH lopa milatA hai|

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16 (sa) (zArpe.) niyANapayaDA uccoyae kammAI mahAlayA sANi cautthIi mahAlayAI sANi cautthIe ( 6 ) AcArAMga niyukti, adhyAya 1 ( Agamodaya samiti) ekkA solasagaM saMjoge gaI imAhAro paya sahassio apase nissaMgayA saNNA AcAlo imAhAro jANijjA - O WA U N N N E (niryukti) | (gAthA naM. ) | (dhvani) / (cUrNi meM uddhRta gAthA) | (pR.naM.) (ka) 4 19 20 20 29 30 42 34 prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kA khoja meM/ke. Ara. candra (ma.jai. vi.) nidANapagaDA 13.8 uccodae 13.13 kamANi 13.26 mahAlayANi 13.26 sesAI 63 (jai. vi.bhA.) niyANa pagaDA uccoyae kammAI 7 30 4 (ga) (ta) egA solasayaM utthIi saMjoe payatI gati -AhAre padasahasio aTTapadeso NirasaMgayA sannA (adhyAya) (vibhakti evaM kriyA rUpa) AcAle gati. AhAre jANejjA .26.28 26.12 5 5 6 10 7 12 2 64

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Agama-graMthoMmeM......ardhamAgadhI kI sthiti sUtra naM. (7) anya graMtha meM uddhRta AcArAMga kA pATha AcArAMga mUlArAdhanA kI (ma. jai. vi.) vijayodayA TIkA * uvAtikate upAtikkate ahA athA -pAya -pattaM maTTiyA maTTigatahappagAraM tathAppakAraM 214 (yathA) 588 (ca) eka hI saMskaraNa meM alaga - alaga kAloM ke zabdapATha (1) zubiMga mahodaya dvArA sampAdita AcArAMga ke anta meM dI gayI zabda-sUcI ke anusAra alaga - alaga zabda-pATha (a) vijJa = viSNU , binnU ; Arya = Ariya, ajja; artha = attha, aTTha; Atman = atta, appa, AyA; arhat = arahanta, arihA; adhas = aha, ahe, aho; Aveza = Avesa, Aesa; ityAdi / (A) ka = ga, ya (i) Agara, AgAsa, alaga, appaga, AhAraga / (ii) ahiya, abhiseya, Alaiya (Alayika), ANugAmiya / (i) ja = ja, ya ajiNa, avijANao / viyahittu (pAThAntara-vijahittA) / (I) da = da, ya ___udaya-nissiyA / ainnAyANaM (adattAdAnam ) / * AcArAMga, prastAvanA, pR. 36-37 ( ma jai. vi.)

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18 prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke. Ara. candra (2) Agamodaya-saMskaraNa kA AcArAMga ta = ta, ya (a) iccete (2,5,6,7) iccee (3) (ba) pariNNAtA.......pariNNAta kamme (17) pariNAyA......pariNAta kamme (30) pariNAyA......pariNNAya kamme (13) (3) jaina vizvabhAratI saMskaraNa kA AcArAMga ta = ta, ya . (a) bhavai (1, 4, 134), bhavati (2, 25, 48) (A) pariNAyA bhavaMti (12), pariNAtA bhavaMti (34) (i) jAI-maraNa-moyaNAe (10), jAtI-maraNa-moyaNAe (103) na = na, Na (I) no saNNA (1), No NAtaM (2) jJa = Na (u) NAtaM (2. 4, 25), NAyaM (4 , 134) nya = NNa, nna nevaNNehiM (33, 88), NevannehiM (64) (4) ma. ja. vi. ke saMskaraNa kA AcArAMga ta = ta, ya (a) jIviyassa (7), jIvitassa (24) (A) pariNAyA (9), pariNNAtA (39) (i) dukkhapaDighAtahetuM (7, dukkhapaDighAtaheu* (13) dukkhapaDighAyahetuM (51) (I) annatarIto disAto (1), annatarIo disAo (2)

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bhAgama-grathoMmeM......ardhamAgadhI kI sthiti da = da, ya (u) pavayamANA (23), pavadamANA (42) dha = dha, ha (U) adhe disAto (1), ahAo vA (2) kSa = kkha, ha (e) (1) dakSiNAo vA (2) dAhiNAo vA, (cha) eka hI saMskaraNa meM alaga-alaga pATha (1) kabhI prAcIna to kabhI paravartI pATha (a) AcArAMga-prathama zrutaskaMdha (ma. jai. vi.) khettaNNa (32, 79, 104, 176, 210), gvetaNNa (109, 132, 209), kheyaNNa (88, 109) (zubiMga) anitiyaM (pR. 22. 7) aniccayaM (pR. 4.30) (jai. vi. bhA.) aNitiyaM (29), aNiccayaM (113) (ma. jai. vi.) adhe (174), ahe (1), tividheNa...bahugA (79), tiviheNa...bahuyA (82), egadA (79), egayA (66) (A) itthIparinnA (sUtrakRtAMga 1.4) AlsaDarpha mahodaya ne isa adhyayana ke punaH sampAdana meM kabhI prAcIna to kabhI paravartI zabda-pATha apanAye haiM:da = da da = ya, a vadittANaM (1.23) channapaeNa (1.2) itthIveda (1.23) veya (1.20) pAdachejjAiM (1.21) nisIyaMti (1.3)

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke. Ara. candra pa = pa hai pa = va upakasanti (1.20) virUva--rUvANi (1.6) na = na na = Na suhumena~ (1.2) channapaeNa (1.2) (aya = e) (aya = a) nimantenti daMsati jJa = nna jJa = Na khedanna paNNA (2) kabhI kabhI eka hI vAkya meM alaga alaga tIna staroM ke zabda-prayoga AcArAMga (ma. ja. vi.) (a) vitahaM pappa khettapaNe tammi ThANammi ciTThati- 1.2.3.79 isa vAkya meM tIna stara ke zabda isa prakAra haiM:stara / prathama dvitIya tRtIya pappa khettaNNe ciTThati vitaha ThANammi (A) vagheti / vahati / vahiti / 1.16.52 (i) / sadA satA / 1.1.4.33 egadA ! egayA / 111.67 (3) alaga - alaga graMthoM ke eka samAna zabdoM meM kAlAntara se Agata dhvani-parivartana se unake racanA-kAla kI pUrvAparatA kI pratIti tammi (3) / sadA satAyA 1167_

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Agama-graMthoM meM......ardhamAgadhI kI sthiti ma. jai. vi., bambaI dvArA prakAzita do yoM AcArAMga aura AvazyakasUtra se kucha zabda nIce diye jA rahe haiM jina se spaSTa hogA ki AcArAMga meM zabdoM kI yojanA meM prAcInatA hai jaba ki --- AvazyakasUtra ke unhIM zabdoM ke madhyavartI vyaMjanoM para paravartI kAla - ke dhvani-parivartana kA prabhAva A gayA hai / / AcArAMga AvazyakasUtra agaNi aggi aNidANa aniyANa atithi atihi atta (Atman ) appa AtA AyA / AyA abodhi abohi abohi AdANa (AdAna) AtANa AyANa Ariya (Arya) x ajja (Arya) uvadvita uvaTTiya jAti jAi appa ajja 1 saMbaMdhita grathoM ke anta meM dI gayI zabda sUcI se udhata

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22 prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke Ara. candra (ja) zubiMga mahodaya dvArA sampAdita lagabhaga eka hI kAla ke do prAcInatama graMthoM ke zabda-pAThoM meM antara AcArAMga isibhAsiyAI / AcA. isimA. bhagavayA arahatA AyAe AdAya taiya. tatiya AyANa AdANa bhavai bhavati vAya virai virati ainnapaveiyaM vAdaM AdiNNavedeti savvao sevae savvato sevate aivAya / atipAta kheyanna / khittato (jha) lagabhaga eka hI kAla kI do racanAoM ke do alagaalaga sampAdakoM kI alaga alaga saMpAdana-paddhati sUtrakRtAMga (AlsaDarpha) AcArAMga (zubiMga) AdAya (1.4.1.10) (da) | ainnAyANaM(adattAdAnam) pR. 3.21 vijANehi (14210) (ja) | viyahittu (vijahAya) pR. 3.10 (Ta) madhyavartI ta ke viSaya meM (1) isibhAsiyAI zubiMga mahodaya ke saMskaraNa meM kabhI madhyavartI ta kA lopa aura kabhI yathAvat

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Agama-graMthoMmeM......ardhamAgadhI kI sthiti pAThAntara mudrita (lopa) lippae (a. 3) asieNa (a. 3) (yathAvat) AyAti (a. 1) Agacchati (a. 1) lippate asiteNa AyAi Agacchada (2) AcArAMga aura isibhAsiyAiM meM madhyavartI ta kI sthiti (zubiMga saMskaraNa) zubiMga mahodaya ne AcArAMga (pra. zru. skaMdha) kI pratiyoM meM kahIM kahIM para madhyavartI ta yathAvat milate hue bhI apane saMskaraNa meM se use 'bI meM par3I makkhI kI taraha' cuna cuna kara (madhyavartI vyaMjana, vibhakti yA pratyaya) sabhI sthaloM se bAhara nikAla pheMkA hai paraMtu isibhAsiyAI ke saMskaraNa meM aisA nahIM kiyA hai / usameM ta kI yathAvat sthiti (kucha adhyayanoM kA hI vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai ) isa prakAra hai : yathAvat lopa ya | lopa pratizata | adhyayana % . . 21

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM / ke. Ara candra ( 3 ) zukriMga mahodaya AcArAMga ke lie aisA niyama banA kara cale ki jahA~ para bhI zabda meM madhyavartI ta milatA hai vaha ta zruti hai ataH use nikAla diyA gayA paraMtu isi bhAsiyAI ke lie aisA niyama nahIM apanAyA gayA / AcArAMga meM anya madhyavartI vyaMjanoM kA lopa takAra kI taraha nahIM kiyA gayA hai, da = ta bhI milatA hai / yaha aghoSa banAne kI prakriyA lopa se pahale kI sthiti hai / isimAsiyAI meM da ta rakhA gayA hai (yadi = jati 3.2) paraMtu AcArAMga meM aise pATha ( pratiyoM meM upalabdha hote hue bhI) nahIM apanAye gaye haiM / kabhI kabhI to isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki AcArAMga ke sampAdana ke samaya vyAkaraNakAroM dvArA paravartI prAkRta bhASA ke diye gaye lakSaNoM kA prabhAva una para rahA hai jabaki isimAsiyAI ke sampAdana ke samaya una niyamoM kA pAlana nahIM karake unhoMne sahI sthiti kA anukaraNa kiyA hai jo prAcInatAlakSI hai / (4) anya sampAdakoM ne bhI madhyavartI ta kA lopa apanAyA hai / udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM: uttarAdhyayana 24 = -! (zArpe. saMskaraNa) (a) jAI 13.18 harai 13.26 nAbhisamei 13.30 ( pratoM meM pAThAntara ) jAtI, harati nAbhisameti (ba) saMbhUya 13.11 saMbhUta' 1. AlsaDarpha mahodaya ne yahA~ para 'saMbhUta' pATha apanAyA hai / dekhie Kleine Schriften, p. 190

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Agama-graMthoMmeM......ardhamAgadhI kI sthiti 25 (Tha) prAraMbhika dantya nakAra aura jJa ke lie kisIne nakAra to kisIne NakAra apanAyA hai : ma. jai. vi. ke saMskaraNoM kI zabda - sUcI se udAharaNa na = na, Na (saMpA. pU. jaMbUvijayajI) | (saMpA.pU. puNyavijayajI) AcArAMga sUtrakRtAMga uttarAdhyayana dazavakAlika AvazyakasUtra NagiNa nagga NaTTa naTTa nara NaraNara, nara Naraga raga Naraga / naraga 1. Avazyaka-niyukti kA racanAkAla paravartI hote hue bhI usake Agamodaya samiti ke saMskaraNa meM nakAra hI prAyaH milatA hai (i) natthi, nANAviha, niuNa, nigguNa, nijuttI, nihosa, (ii) nANa, nAyavva, sannA, (iii) uvavanna, (iv) anna

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke. Ara. candra pU. jaMbUvi pU. puNyavi. AcArAMga sUtrakRtAMga | uttarAdhyayana dazavaikAlika AvazyakasUtra NAma / NAma, nAma / nAma nAma NikAya nikAya niggaMtha niggaMtha niyama NikkhaMta nikkhata nikkhata NiggaMthaNiggaMtha, niggaMtha / niggaMtha Niyama NiyAga niyAga NivvANa nivvANa nivvANa NivuDa NisIejja nisIejja NIla nIla nivvANa nivvuDa No jJa = na, Na NANa NANa nANa nANa NAta nAya paNa, = nna, paNa NisaNNa / / _ nisanna / - (Da) prAcIna-zabda rUpa nahIM apanAye gaye (1) AlsaDarpha mahodaya ne uttarAdhyayana ke (cittasaMbhUta) 13.10 ko prAcIna padya mAnA hai / ma. jai. vi. ke saMskaraNa meM isa padya meM AtmA ke lie 'AyA' (13.10) pATha liyA gayA hai jabaki cUrNI

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Agama-graMthoM meM......ardhamAgadhI kI sthiti 27 ke pAThAntara meM 'attA' pATha mila rahA hai / aisI avasthA meM prAcIna pATha 'attA' kyoM nahIM liyA jAnA cAhie thA ? (2) AcArAMga (jaina vizvabhAratI saMskaraNa) | pAThAntara prAcIna pahU ejassa (AcA. 1.1.7.145) / pabhU (3) itthIparinnA (AlsaDarpha dvArA saMpAdita) kahIM para prAcIna to kahIM para paravartI zabda-pATha (ka) prAcIna pATha svIkRta) | (paravartI pAThAntara meM) itthIvede (1.23) / vidU vi (1.26) viU vi vadittANaM (1.23) vaittANaM lUha(cUrNI se)(1.25) rukkhaM (kha) / (paravartI pATha svIkRta) | (prAcIna pAThAntara meM) veyANuvIi 1.19 / vedAnuvIyI (cUrNI-pATha) pavAeNaM 1.26 pavAdeNa (,) muccae 1.9 muccatI (prAcInatama tAr3apatra) gihAI21.17 / gihANi (pAThAntara) 1. dekhie : Kleine Schriften, pp. 197-198 ____.. 2. jabaki 1.25 meM cittalaMkAragANi (yAni-ANi vAlA pATha)

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kA khoja meM/ke. Ara. candra (4) prAcIna zabda-rUpa pAThAntaroM meM (a) AcArAMga zuliMga saMskaraNa (svIkRta pATha) (16 bAra) - kheyanna khedanna (pR. 17.21) aniccayaM (pR. 4.30) cuo (pR. 1.7). jIvA aNegA (pR. 3.18) AraMbhamANA (pa. 6.1) aNAiyamANe (pR. 12.25) annayarammi (pR. 11.29) __(pAThAMtara) khettanna (carNI meM 3 bAra aura jI prata meM 5 bAra) khettanna (cUrNI evaM jI prata) anitiyaM (cUrNI) cue (cUrNI) jIvA aNege (e prata) AraMbhamINA (cUrNI, aNAiyamINe (e prata) annayaraMsi (e, DI, jI, prateM aura cUrNI) jai. vi. bhA. saMskaraNa paDisaMvedei 1.1.1.8 / paDisaMvedayai cuo 1.1.1.2 cute (gha prata) (gha prata)

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Agama-graMthoMmeM...... ardhamAgadhI kI sthiti svIkRta pATha roga samupAyA egayA saMNihi saMNicayo abhikaMtaM pancahie iha, jahA, tahA se taM saMbujjhamANe kUrAI kammAI aNNarammi aNupubbIeN sahatI kapai ma. jai. vi. saMskaraNa 1.2.2.67 1.2.1.64 1.2.5.87 1.2.1.64 1.2.4.84 1.1.2.14 1.2.4.82 1.2.6.96 1.8.8.230 1.2.6 98 1.1.3.27 29. pAThAntara roga samuppAtA (saM, khaM prata) egatA (he - 1, 2, 3, lA, i, prata ) saMNidhisaMnicayo ( cUrNI ) abhikkataM (zubiMga, he-2, 3, lA. i. prata) pavvadhi = pravyathitaH (khe, prata ) idha, jadhA, tadhA ( cUrNI evaM prAcIna tAr3apatrIya pATha - dekhie prastAvanA pR. 44 ) se taM ( zIlAMka, cUrNI evaM zubiMga) kUrANi kammANi (saM, zAM, khaM, khe prata ) aNNayaraMsi (he - 1, 2, 3, lA.) aNupuvvIya (khaM aura cUrNi sivAya) sahate (he - 1, 2, 3 lA.) sahae (zubiMga) sahate (jai. vi. bhA. ) kappati (saM, zAM, khaM, khe prata aura cUrNI)

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30 prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM ke.Ara.candra (ba) sUtrakRtAMga jai. vi. bhAratI saMskaraNa svIkRta pATha mahIe majhammi (1.6.13) visohaittA (16.17) | pAThAntara mahIya majjha mmi (kha prata evaM carNI ) visodhaittA (carNI ma. jai. vi. saMskaraNa saMbohI (1.2.1.1) saMbodhI / cUrNI) aha (14.2.16) adha ( cUrNI) kayapuvvaM (14.2.18) kaDapuvvaM (carNI ) gihAiM (1.4.1.17) gihANi ( carNI) eyAI bhayAI etANi bhayANi (cUrNI) AiTTho (1.4 1.19) AiSTe (pu. prata) kaDehiM gAhatI (1.2.1.4)1 kaDebhi gAhae (cUrNI) (sa) uttarAdhyayana (ma. jai. vi. saMskaraNa) AyA (13.10) / attA (cUrNI kA pATha) (5) prAcIna zabda-rUpavAle pAThoM ko asvIkAra karane kI paddhati kA anya prakAra se prastutI--karaNa / yahA~ para 'thIbhi' (strIbhiH) AcA. 1.2.5.84 ke prayoga kA ullekha karane yogya hai jo AcArAMga ke sabhI saMskaraNoM meM milatA hai| yaha prAcIna prayoga kaise baca gayA yahI Azcarya hai / isa dRSTi se 'kaDebhi' pATha svIkAra karane yogya hai /

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Agama-graMthoM meM ...... . ardhamAgadhI kI sthiti (a) arvAcIna pratoM meM upalabdha prAcIna pATha asvIkRta pavvathie ( i prata ) kUrANi kammANi (bI, bI', bI2 prata ) idhamekesi (khaM prata) ( ca prata ) pavvahie (ma. jai. vi, AcA. 1.1.2.10) kUrAi kammAi (zubiMga, AcA, pR. 9.8 ) 1.2.1.64) (jai. vi. bhA. AcA. 1.2.1.4) ihamegesi (ma. jai. vi, AcA. (ba) mUla meM paravartI pATha jaba ki vRtti meM prAcIna pATha AcArAMga ( Agamodaya saMskaraNa) viyahittA (sU. 19) | vijahittA (vRtti pATha pR. 43 bI.) -- (sa) pratoM meM se kabhI prAcIna to kabhI paravartI pATha apanAye gaye haiM : 31 (1) cuo (jai. vi. bhA. AcA 1.1.1.2 ) cute ( ca prata ) (2) nAtaM (,, 1.1.1.4) NAyaM (ca prata ) "9 (da) tatkAlIna loka - pracalita rUpa chor3a diyA gayA : varta kRdanta-mANa ghAyamANe (ma. jai. vi. 1.6.4.192) (jai. vi. bhA. 1.6.4.91 ) samaNujANamANa (jai. vi. bhA. - mINa ( loka - pracalita ) ghAyamINe (zubiMga pR. 31.3 samaNujANamINa (zubriMga, AcA. pR. 31.4;33.9) (Dha) uttaravartI sampAdakoM dvArA apane se pUrvavartI saMskaraNoM meM se prAcIna zabda-rUpa asvIkRta

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32 prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke.Ara.candra 1. AcArAMga navIna saMskaraNa - pUrvavartI saMskaraNa aviyANao(ma.jai.vi.1.1.6.49 jai.vi.bhA.) / avijANao - zu. Niie (jai. vi. bhA. 1.4.1.2) nitie -zu. bahuyA (ma. jai. vi. 1.2.4.82) bahugA-zu. Agamo,jai.vi.bhA.. adakkhu (ma.ja.vi. 12 5.88;1.9.2.70, ! adakkhu - zu. Agamo. jai. vi.bhA.) * kUrAI kammAI (ma.jai.vi. 1 24.82, kUrANi kammANi - Agamo. jai. vi. bhA.) 2. sUtrakRtAMga navIna saMskaraNa pUrvavartI saMskaraNa vivegamAyAe (ma. je.vi. 1.4.1.10) | vivegamAdAya (AlsaDarpha) (Na) mUla upadezaka kI bhASA paravartIkAla kI jabaki usake saMgrahakartA kI bhASA meM prAcInatA (1) AcArAMga (ma. jai. vi. ) (a) saMgrahakartA kI bhASA tattha khalu bhagavatA pariNNA paveditA (sUtra. 7) soccA bhagavato aNagArANaM ihamegesi NAtaM bhavati sUtra. 14) dekhie sUtra naM. 24, 25, 35, 36, 43, 44, 51, 52, aura 58, 59 bhI / (ba) Upara ke udAharaNoM meM madhyavartI-ta,-da-ityAdi kA lopa nahIM hai jaba ki nIce mUla upadeza se diye gaye udAharaNoM meM inakA lopa mila rahA hai : -

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Agama-thoMmeM......ardhamAgadhI kI sthiti 33 kappai Na kappai ( sUtra-27), saMpayaMti ( sU.-37) etthovarae ( sUtra-40 ) (-ta-kA lopa) / pavayamANA ( sUtra-12, 13), hiyayamabbhe ( sUtra-15 ) (-da-kA lopa ) (2) isibhAsiyAiM . ( a ) saMgrahakartA kI bhASA arahatA isiNA buitaM ( hareka adhyayana meM aisA hI pATha hai / ) isameM-ta-kI yathAvat sthiti hai / (ba) upadezaka kI mUla bhASA adhyAya, 38 samAhie ( samAhitaH ), lubbhaI ( lubhyate ), jAgarao (jAgRtaH ) adhyAya, 39 bhAvao, kammao, ajjhavasAyao isibhAsiyAI ke hareka adhyAya meM-ta-kAra ke isa prakAra ke lopa ke udAharaNa milate haiM / upasaMhAra __ bhASA ke isa taraha ke vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana se spaSTa ho rahA hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama graMthoM ke sampAdakoM kI paddhati eka samAna nahIM rahI hai / zabdoM ke madhyavartI vyaMjana kabhI yathAvat haiM to kabhI ghoSa kara diye gaye haiM aura bahudhA lopa ( mahAprANa kA ha kAra ) kara diyA gayA hai| vibhaktiyoM aura pratyayoM meM kabhI prAcInatA hai to kabhI para AN

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM / ke. Ara. candra prAcIna ktakAla kA prabhAva hai / prazna yaha hai ki ardhamAgadhI eka prAkRta bhASA hai jo mahArASTrI prAkRta se bahuta purAnI hai / prAcIna ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kA sarjana bhArata ke pUrvI kSetra meM huA hai aura AgamoM kI prathama vAcanA kA samaya azoka ke zilAlekhoM se pUrvavartI hai / ina saba muddoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA mahArASTrIkaraNa huA hai yaha binA kisI zaMkA ke svIkAra karanA paDegA / paraMtu bhASA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se yadi prAcIna pATha milate ho to unheM kyoM nahIM apanAyA jAnA cAhie / graMthoM kI pratiyoM aura cUrNiyoM meM prAcIna pATha milate haiM ataH prAcInatA kI surakSA ke lie una pAThoM ko apanAyA jAnA cAhie yahI isa adhyayana kA niSkarSa hai / 34

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2. ardhamAgadhI meM prAcIna bhASAkIya tattva .. jaina ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke prAcIna graMthoM meM kucha aise bhASAkIya prayoga milate haiM jo paravartI bhASA ke prabhAva meM na Akara kisI na kisI prakAra baca gaye haiM aura apanI prAcInatA ko surakSita rakhe hue haiM / yadi aise prayogoM kI paravartI prAkRta bhASA ke rUpoM ke sAtha tulanA kI jAya to spaSTa hogA ki ye hI bace hue prayoga ardhamAgadhI kI prAcInatA ko (anya paravartI prAkRtoM, jaise - zaurasenI, mahArASTrI se ) siddha karate haiM aura kabhI kabhI ve pAli bhASA ke samAna ho aisA pratIta hue binA nahIM rahatA / / (ka) madhyavartI vyaMjanoM ke lopa ke badale meM ghoSIkaraNa madhyavartI 'ka' ke ghoSIkaraNa ke to aneka prayoga ardhamAgadhI meM milate hI haiM / 'ta' aura 'tha' ke sthAna para unake dhoSa 'da' aura 'dha' ke prayoga bhI ardhamAgadhI meM kahIM kahIM para baca gaye haiM, jaise (1) sarapAdagaM (zarapAtakam ), sUtrakR. 1.4.2.13. (AlsaDarpha) ___ (2) bhavidavvaM (bhavitavyam ), isibhAsiyAiM 3.1 (zubiMga) (3) tadhA, jadhA, kaMdha, savvadhA (tathA, yathA katham , sarvathA ) ke lie dekhie, isibhAsiyAI 3.7,8; 25.14, 35.12; 38.29; 40.10; 45.25, radha (ratha ) (24.3) / __ 1 kisI taraha ke anya saMskaraNa ke ullekha ke abhAva meM sabhI udAharaNa mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI se prakAzita Agama-nayoM se diye gaye haiM / 2. paravartI kAla ke prAkRta sAhitya meM amuka amuka prAcIna (vibhakti aura pratyaya vAle) rUpa naye prayogoM ke anupAta meM ghaTate jAte haiM aura kabhI kabhI to sarvathA lupta ho jAte haiM tathA unakA sthAna anya naye naye rUpa le lete haiN| 3. Kleine Schriften : Ludwig Alsdorf, Wiesbaden, 1974 A. D. p. 200

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM ke Ara.candra adha (atha) itthIparinnA, sUtrakR. 1.4.1.23 (puNyavijayajI ) AkhyA dhAtu ke lie 'Agha' vAle rUpa jaise ki AghaM, AghavaNA, Adhavijjanti, Aghavittae, Aghaviya, AghavemANa, ityAdi jo prayoga ardhamAgadhI graMthoM meM milate haiM ve bhI 'kha = gha' arthAt ghoSIkaraNa ke hI udAharaNa haiM ( pizala 202, 551, 85, 88, 350, 382, ityAdi ) / . (6) usI prakAra pU. hemacandra dvArA diye gaye 'ka = ga' ke sivAya 'ca = ja'(8.1.177) pisAjI(pizAcI), 'tha = dha' (8.1.186) (piMdha, pudha, (pRthak) aura 'pha = bha' (8 1 236 repha = rebha) bhI prAkRta bhASA ke prAcIna prayoga pratIta hote haiM / (7) ardhamAgadhI kA kAla anya prAkRtoM se prAcIna hai ataH . 'ta = da' aura 'tha = dha' kA milanA bhASAkIya vikAsa kI dRSTi se anupayukta nahIM hai / isa viSaya meM zrImatI nIti DolcI' kA aisA kahanA bilakula ucita lagatA hai ki pU. hemacandrAcArya ne jaba sAmAnya prAkRta meM takAra ko da meM badalane kA niSedha kara diyA taba se hastapratoM meM se aise prayoga svataH nikala gaye / isa badalI huI paddhati kA jvalanta udAharaNa hai mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya dvArA prakAzita AcArAMga kA saMskaraNa / saMpAdaka pU. jaMbUvijayajIne usakI prastAvanA (pR. 44) meM spaSTa kara diyA hai ki 'jadhA' aura 'tadhA' ke badale meM unhoMne jahA (yathA) aura tahA (tathA) rUpa apanAye haiM / 1. The Prakrit Grammarians (1972) p. 159 f.n. 4 2. prAkRta vyAkaraNa, 8.1 209

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ardhamAgadhI meM prAcIna bhASAkIya tattva (kha) saMyukta vyajanoM ke samIkaraNa ke badale meM svarabhakti svarabhakti dvArA amuka amuka saMyukta vyaMjanoM ko alaga (sAmAnya) karane kI jo pravRtti hai vaha samIkaraNa se pUrvavartI mAnI jAtI hai| pizala ke anusAra (132,133) ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM samIkaraNa ke sthAna para svarabhakti adhika mAtrA meM pAyI jAtI hai / kucha udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM.-AcArAMga' meM prayukta zabda : agni = agaNi (sUtra,34,37,39,211,212) uSNa = usiNa (sUtra,101) tUSNIka = tusiNia (sUtra, 288) paNyazAlA = paNiyasAlA (sUtra, 278) vaiyAvRtya = veyAvaDiya (sUtra,199,207,219,227) / pizala dvArA diye gaye anya udAhadaNa :- kasiNa (kRtsna), pasiNa (prazna), nigiNa (nagna), dIhara (dIrgha ), ityAdi / inameM nitya = Nitiya, Arya = ariya, paryAya = pariyAya Adi aura bhI jor3e jA sakate haiM / isibhA. se kAriyauM (kAryam ) 11.3, agaNikAe 10, pR. 23.3 ityAdi / (ga) Atman ke lie attA ke prayoga 'Atman' zabda ke lie 'attA', 'AtA', 'AyA' aura 'appA' ye cAra rUpa milate haiM / inameM se pAli aura azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM sirpha 'attA' zabda milatA hai / ataH yaha rUpa sabase prAcIna hai / azoka ke pacchimI zilAlekhoM meM 'attA' ke lie 'atpA' zabda milatA hai jo paravartIkAla meM appA meM badala gayA aura yahI adhika pracalana meM rahA / 'attA' se hI 'AtA' aura usase 'AyA' 3. ma. ja. vi. sa skaraNa 4. ata- (Atma-), atana, atanA (AtmanA), atane (AtmanaH), atAna (AtmAnam )

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38 ___.. prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke.Ara candra zabda vikasita hue haiM jo paravartIkAla ke zabda haiM, jinameM 'AyA' antima stara kA zabda hai / prAcInatama prAkRta graMtha AcArAMga ke prathama zruta skaMdha meM attA hI adhika pramANa meM aura AtA bahuta kama pramANa meM milatA hai jaba ki usI graMtha ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM appA adhika mAtrA meM milatA hai, usameM attA, AtA aura AyA to nahIM ke samAna haiM / udAharaNa:AcA. pra. zra. skaMdha - attANa, attasamAhite, attattAe, Atato, AtavaM, AtAvAdI / AcA. dvi. zru skaMdha - appaNo, appANaM, appaNA, appANeNaM / (gha) dantya nakArayukta saMyukta vyaMjana vahni (vahnimAruyasaMyogA), isibhAsiyAI 9.24 (zubiMga) / paravartI kAla meM yahI zabda vaNhi ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai / anya udAharaNa : ___annatarI (anyatarI) AcA. 1.1.1.1; anna (anya), annAya (anyAya), channa, chinna, panaga, manne (manye), sUtrakR. / ina prayogoM meM 'gaNa' ke badale 'na' milatA hai / yaha prAcInatA kA dyotaka hai / (ca) prathama puruSa sarvanAma ke prathamA bahuvacana kA rUpa 'vayaM' pra. pu. prathamA ba. va. kA pracalita rUpa amhe hai / paraMtu ardhamAgadhI ke prAcIna aMzoM meM 'amhe' ke badale meM vayaM rUpa bhI baca gayA hai / udAharaNa : vayaM puNa evamAcikkhAmo (AcA. 1.4.2.138) jahiM vayaM savvajaNassa vessA (uttarA. (13.18 cittasaMbhUta) /

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ardhamAgadhI meM prAcIna bhASAkIya tatva tesi pi vayaM lajjAmo (AcA. 1.8.8.203) / pizala (419) mahodaya ne 'vayaM' rUpa ke AcArAMga se 7 prayoga, sUtrakRtAMga se 6 prayoga, uttarAdhyayana se 3 prayoga tathA bhagavatIsUtra aura dazavaikAlika se bhI aise prayogoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| (cha) vyaMjanAMta zabdoM ke tRtIyA e. va. ke kucha prAcIna prayoga pizala mahodaya ne (364,396,407,411,413) tRtIyA e. va. ke aneka prAcIna prayogoM kA ardhamAgadhI se ullekha kiyA hai / ve isa prakAra haiM :- vAyA = vAcA (uttarA; dazava.) kAyagirA (dshvai.)| 'vAyA' kA prayoga sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI milatA hai (1 4.1.24) / anya udAharaNa : viusA, teyasA, ceyasA, jasasA, sirasA, (kAyasA, jogasA, NiyamasA, payogasA, balasA, bhayasA Adi bhI, aura matimayA, mahayA, jANayA ityAdi / ye prayoga AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, sthAnAMga, bhagavatIsUtra aura aupapAtika sUtra se uddhRta kiye gaye haiM / inameM sUtrakRtAMga kA prayoga 'AyasA' (AtmanA 1.4.1.6 AlsaDarpha) aura AtasA (ma. jai. vi.) bhI jor3A jA sakatA hai / isibhAsiyAI se udAharaNaH-cakkhusA 35.23, tejasA 37, pR. 63.24 ityAdi / (ja) tRtIyA bahuvacana kI vibhakti-bhi vAle rUpa ardhamAgadhI meM isa vibhakti vAle kucha avaziSTa prayoga isa prakAra milate haiM: thImi (strIbhiH), AcA. 1.2.4.84, pasubhi (pazubhiH), uttarAdhyayana 9.49, saMjhamebhi ke lie dekhie isibhAsiyAI, zubiMga, pR. 128; kaDebhi ( satrakR. cUrNI ke prayoga ) ke lie dekhie pIche pR. 30, ( pAda--TippaNa naM 1) /

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v prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ ke. Ara. candra (jha) caturthI ekavacana ke - Aya vibhakti vAle kucha rUpa (i) isibhA. - vAhikkhayAya, mohakkhayAya, 387, jhANAya, 38.15, kammAdANAya, 38.16, mohakkhAyAya, 24.38 (ii) sUtrakRtAMga - AtahitAya ( ma, jai. vi) 1.4 1.16, aNNapAyAya (annapAkAya) ma. jai, vi. pR. 50 para uddhRta cUrNI kA pAThAntara ( sAmAnyataH isake sthAna para Ae vibhakti ke prayoga hI adhikatara milate haiM / ) (Ta) kriyAvizeSaNa ke rUpa meM paMcamI ekavacana ke prAcIna prayoga padiso :- tasaMti pANA padiso disAsu ya ( AcA. 1.1.6.49 ), pizala mahodaya (413) ke anusAra anya prayogaH- diso disaM ( AcA. (216.6), disA disiM ( praznavyAkaraNa, uttarAdhyayana, nAyAdhammaka hAo) paogaso (isibhA 24.37). inameM bahusA ( AcA. 1.9.4.17), sanvaso (AcA. 1.9.1.12,16,18) ityAdi bhI jor3e jA sakate haiM / pAli suttanipAta meM bhI aise prayoga milate haiM : puthuso 50.14, 15 sabbaso 53.6,16. (Tha) SaSThI ekavacana ke rUpa (1) vartamAna kRdantaH--- ( pAThAntara, karao (kurvataH ) AcA. 1.1.1.4 aviyANao, avijAnato = avijAnataH, AcA. 1.1.6.49 (aura dekho sUtra naM. 144, 148,149,154 ) / pizala mahodaya ( 396 ) dvArA diye gaye anya rUpaHviharao, akuvvao, haNao, kittayao / isibhA. 16. pR. 33.20 se vippavato /

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ardhamAgadhI meM prAcIna bhASAkIya tattva (2) vyaMjanAMta zabdoM ke rUpa (SaSThI e. va. ) :-- dhImatA ( dhImataH ) isibhA 995, dhIimao, mahao ( mahataH ) bhagavao ( bhagavataH ); (pizala - 396 ), jasassiNo (pizala - 405 ) / (Da) saptamI ekavacana kI prAcIna vibhakti - hiM aura mhi (1) 'hiM' aura 'mhi' vibhaktiyoM kA vikAsa 'smin vibhakti meM se huA hai / azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM 'hi' vibhakti pacchima ke zilAlekhoM meM milatI hai / 'hi' meM se hI bAda meM 'mmi' vibhakti kA vikAsa huA hai / pAli bhASA meM saptamI ekavacana kI vibhaktiyA~ 'smi' aura 'mhi' haiM jinheM yahA~ para dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie / ardhamAgadhI ke graMthoM meM prAcIna vibhakti 'siMha' aura 'hiM' ke bace hue prayoga : imamhi ( vyavahAra sUtra 7. 22,23), kahiM (uttarAdhyayana (152. AlsaDarpha ) 1 41 ( 2 ) saptamI ekavacana kI prAcIna vibhakti 'ssiM ' ardhamAgadhI meM sa. e. va. kI pracalita vibhakti asi hai, jaiselogaMsi, nayasi, aggiMsi, vAuMsi, paraMtu 'ssiM' vibhakti zAyada hI milatI hai / vaise -ssiM hI - asi kA pUrva rUpa hai aura 'ssiM' kA zilAlekhoM meM isI - 'ssiM ' vikAsa 'smin' meM se huA hai / azoka ke ke lekhana kA svarUpa - 'siM' milatA hai / prAkRta vyAkaraNakAroM ne sarvanAma ke lie - 'ssiM' vibhakti kA Adeza diyA hai, paraMtu nAma - rUpoM 1. Kleine Schriften, ( 1974 AD ), p. 232.

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM / ke. Ara candra ke lie isakA ullekha nahIM hai / yaha vibhakti nAma-rUpoM ke prAcIna prayogoM meM rahI hogI paraMtu bAda meM 'asi' vibhakti hI sarvatra pracalita ho gayI / - 'ssiM' vAle prAcIna prayoga zAyada hI kahIM para baca pAye haiM / usakA eka udAharaNa AcArAMga kI eka hastaprata meM milatA hai jise mudrita graMtha meM pAThAntara ke rUpa meM rakhA gayA hai (logassiM, AcA. 1.1.19 pAThAntara, ma. je. vi.) / isa - ssiM vibhakti ke prayoga sAhitya se adRzya ho gaye haiM aisA lagatA hai kyoMki vyAkaraNakAroM ne bhI nAma rUpoM ke lie 'risa' vibhakti kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / # 42 (3) rAtri kA sa. e. va. kA rUpa rAo (rAtrau ) rAtrI kA pracalita sa. e. va. kA rUpa 'rattIe' hai paraMtu 'rAto' aura 'rAo ( rAtrau ) bace huye prAcIna rUpa bhI milate haiM 2 : diyA ya rAto ya ( AcA. sUtra, 189.190 ma. jaitri . ) aho ya rAo ya ( AcA, sUtra, 63, 73 ) isake alAvA aura mI dekhie sUtra naM. 133. 282, 291, ityAdi / pizala mahodaya ne (386) sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, ityAdi se aise udAharaNa diye haiM / (Dha) kucha aura prAcIna rUpa (i) vedavI ( vedavit) pra. e. va. ( AcA. sUtra. 145,163 174, 196, kAlaveyatrI (isibhA . 22.12 ) meM 1. pU. hemacandra ke vyAkaraNa 'aMsi' vibhakti kA ullekha hI nahIM hai (8.3.11; 8.3.59 ) / isake alAvA aura bhI kitane hI ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke prAcIna prayogoM kA ullekha nahIM hai / paM. becaradAsajI dozI kA yaha mantavya sarvathA ucita lagatA hai ki pU. hemacandra kA prAkRta vyAkaraNa ardhamAgadhI ke sabhI prayogoM ko nahIM samajhA sakatA hai kyoMki unhoMne AgamoM ke sabhI prayogoM para dRSTipAta nahIM kiyA thA / dekhie : prAkRta mArgopadezikA, pR. 31, cauthI AvRtti, 1947 A.D. 2. sUtrakRtAMga (1.1.1.8) meM eka prAcIna rUpa 'te bho' (tebhyaH, paM.ba.ba.) baca gayA hai -

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ardhamAgadhI meM prAcIna bhASAkIya tattva - (ii) jantavo, sAhavo (pra. ba. va; pizala, 380) (iii) dummaNA, sumaNA (pra. e. va; pizala, 408) (iv) ativijaM (atidviAn ) AcA. sUtra, 112, 115, sUtrakR. pizala, 299) (v) tamasi (sa. e. va. pizala, 408) (vi) Nipatanti (isibhA. 10 pR. 23 9); jabaki cAlU rUpa hogA Ni(ni)vaDaMti, vaise AcArAMga meM Nivartisu rUpa (sUtra 295,297) milatA hai| (vii) vidhIyate (isibhA. 22.14) (viii) cit (isibhA. 22.1) (ix) dittatejasa (dvi. e. va., isibhA. 39 1) (Na) pAli ke samAna strI, e. va. kI vibhaktiyA~ - 'ya' aura __- 'yA' aura azoka ke zilAlekhoM ke samAna - 'ye vibhakti strIliMgI ekavacana kI vibhaktiyoM 'ya' aura 'yA' kA prAkRta vyAkaraNakAroM ne ullekha nahIM kiyA hai ataH prAcIna sAhitya meM inakA prayoga yadi hogA bhI to aisI 'vimaktiyA~ paravartIkAla meM svataH nikala gayI hogI / vaise ye vibhaktiyA~ prAcIna haiM aura azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM tathA pAli meM milatI haiM / ardhamAgadhI meM aisI vibhaktiyA~ ho hI nahIM sakatI aisA kahanA upayukta nahIM jAna par3atA kyoMki 1. inake sthAna para 'a,' 'A,' aura 'i' vibhaktiyoM kA vyAkaraNakAroMne ullekha kiyA haiM / vAstava meM ye vibhaktiyA~ 'ya' aura 'yA' se hI vikasita huI haiM / prAkRta vyAkaraNa likhe gaye taba taka-'ya'-aura-'yA'-dhvaniyoM -'a' - 'A' meM ' badala gayI hogI, ataH vyAkaraNakAroM ne unakA ullekha nahIM kiyA haiM / isakA natIjA yaha huA ki prAcIna sAhitya meM 'ya' aura 'yA' ke jo bhI prayoga hoMge ve saba -'a' aura -'A' meM badala diye gaye hoNge|

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM ke Ara candra mUla ardhamAgadhI aura pAli sAhitya ke sRjana kA sthala evaM samaya to eka hI rahA hai / yadi aisI vibhaktiyoM ke kucha bace hue prayoga hameM 'ardhamAgadhI meM milate haiM to ve prAcIna paraMparA ke hI dyotaka haiM / udAharaNa :- aNuputvIya (AcA. 1.8 8 230 tRtIyA e. va.) isibhAsiyAI se :- mucchAya (3 2 Sa. e. va.) araNIya (araNyAm ) 22, pR. 43.9; puDhavIya (pRthivyAm ) 22 pR. 43.8 . isI prakAra AcArAMga kA eka prayoga 'sahasammuiyAe'-vAstava meM 'sahasammuiyA' 1.1.1.2 honA cAhie jaisA ki uttarAdhyayana (28. 17) aura AcA, kI niyukti gAthA 65 aura 67 meM tathA AcA. cUrNI meM pR. 12 para milatA hai / isa zabda kA dUsarA rUpa sahasammuie bhI milatA hai / isibhAsiyAI meM-'ye' vibhakti vAle nimna prakAra ke prayoga milate haiM: . subhAsiyAe bhAsAye 33 4 / isameM 'e' ke badale meM 'ye' .tR. e. va. kI vibhakti kA prayoga hai aura yaha 'ye' azoka ke zilAlekhoM kI vibhakti ke bilakula samAna hai / isI prakAra kA dUsarA udAharaNa hai :* pAduppabhAyAe rayaNIye-isibhA. 37, pR. . 3.23 sa.e.va. / AcArAMgacUrNi meM bhI-gAhAye ceva bhaNNati aMDayAdi (pR. 35.11, sa. e. va.) kA prayoga milatA hai / (ta) bhUtakAla ke prAcIna pratyayoMvAle prayoga ardhamAgadhI meM bhUtakAla ke lie nimna prakAra ke prAcIna pratyaya milate haiM jo paravartI sAhitya meM nahIM milate haiM / ye tRtIya puruSa ekavacana aura bahuvacana ke pratyaya haiM /

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ardhamAgadhI meM prAcIna bhASAkIya tattva pratyaya : - si,-sI; - iM, -I; - tyA, - itthA; - u, - U; - ssaM, - aMsu aura iMsu / inake lie dekhie pizala (515 - 518 ) / pAli sAhitya aura azoka ke zilAlekhoM se bhI ina pratyayoM kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai / ardhamAgadhI sAhitya se udAharaNa : (1) akAsI ( AcA. 194314 ), rikkAsi (AcA. 1.9.1.257ahesi ( AcA. 1.9.1.298) / pakAsI, NAsI (isiMbhAsiyAI, 31 pra. 69.10) (2) acArI ( AcA. 1.9.3.294 ); bhuvi (isibhA 31 63.2 ityAdi se ] / 45 69.18 ) [ tulanA kIjie suttanipAta ke abhiramiM ( 3 ) ' itthA' eka bahu pracalita pratyaya hai / kuvvitthA ( AcA. 194.321 ), esitthA ( AcA. 318) V (4) Ahu (Ahu:) AcA. sUtra abhU (abhUt ) uttarA (pizala 516 ), akkhU (AcA, sUtra 88,151, 152 ) 1 140, sUtrakR. 1.2 17,20) adakkhu, adakkhU, addakkhu, (5) akassiM ( AcA. sUtra, 4, pizala 516 ), pucchirasa' haM ( sUtrakR. 1.5.1 ) ( 6 ) AhaMsu (sUtrakR. 1.4, 1.28), abhaviMsu (sUtrakR. 1.15.25 ), hiMsisu ( AcA. sUtra 52,256,295 ), lUsiMsa, Nivartisu, viharisu ( AcA, sUtra 295,297 ) / (tha) vidhiliMga ke lie prAcIna pratyayoMvAle prayoga - - jja, - jjA, - ija aura ijjA vidhiliMga ke lie prAkRta ke cAlU . pratyaya haiM paraMtu ardhamAgadhI ke prAcIna aMzoM meM vidhiliMga ke prAcIna

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46. prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke.Ara.candra pratyayAMvAle prayoga baca pAye haiM ve isa prakAra darzAye jA sakate haiM / ( dekhie pizala 462 ) :(1) -e pratyaya gijjhe (gRdhyet), harise (heSet ), kujhe (krudhyet ), kaNDUyae / (kaNDya yet ), kiNe (kRNet ), care (careta) ( aacaaraaNg)| labhe ( labhet ), .ciThe (tiSThet ), uvaciThe (upatiSThet ) (uttarAdhyayana) / acche ( AchindyAt ) abbhe ( AbhindyAt ) (AcArAMga, pizala - 466) / aise hI prAcIna prayoga suttanipAta (pAli) meM bhI milate haiM :tiTThe 54.14, gacche 54 14, abhinande 54.18; sikkhe 52.19, icche 47.1, ityAdi / (2) -yA pratyaya ( dekho pizala 462, 464, 465 ) / siyA ( syAt ), asiyA ( asyAt ), bUyA (yAt ) haNiyA / hanyAt ), sakkA ( zakyAt ), cakkiyA ( *cakyAt ) labbhA ( *labhyAt ), ityAdi / pamajjiyA ( pramArjayet ) AcA. 19.1. 273 aura siyA ( isibhA. 39.3 ) / (3) -eya pratyaya ___ vatteya ( varteta ) isibhA. 24.11 [isa prAcIna pratyaya ke viSaya meM pizala ( 459 ) mahodaya kA yaha kahanA hai ki aisA koI purAnA pratyaya pracalita nahIM thA / paraMtu isibhA, meM isakI ekala dokala upalabdhi yaha siddha karatI hai ki ese prayoga prAcIna kAla kI pratoM meM rahe hoMge paraMtu paravartI kAla meM bhASA kI prAcInatA ke jJAna ke abhAva meM lehiyoM ke hAtha aise prayoga nikala gaye hoMge /

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ardhamAgadhI meM prAcIna bhASAkIya tattva . (daH saMbaMdhaka bhUtakRdanta ke prAcIna rUpa 41) saMbaMdhaka bhUtakRdanta ke lie mUla dhAtu meM prAkRta kA pratyaya jor3e binA saMskRta kRdantoM ( mAtra dhvani-parivartana ) se bane hue prAcIna rUpa isa prakAra darzAye jA sakate haiM :abhikaMkha ( abhikAMkSya ), nikkhamma (niSkramya ), pakkhippa / prakSipya ), pavissa ( pravizya ) uvalabbha (upalabhya', pariccajja (parityajya), (dekhie-pizala) / paravartI prAkRta meM isa kRdanta ke rUpa-ia pratyaya ke sAtha milate haiM aura prAcIna rUpoM kA pracalana banda ho jAtA hai, jaise : - laMbhia, pavisia, pariccaia, ityAdi / Upara jaise prAcIna prayoga 'suttanipAta' meM bhI milate haiM : Arambha-54 18, parakkamma-54.12; ityAdi / gAigara mahodaya ke anusAra kucha aura rUpa :-Apuccha, nikkhamma, pariccajja ityAdi / ardhamAmadhI ke ina prAcIna rUpoM meM kucha aura rUpa jor3e jA sakate haiM :'pappa (prApya ) AcA. 1.2.3.79, isibhA. a. 31 aura 45, kicA ( kRtvA ), isibhA. 31, jittA ( jitvA ) isibhA. 29, ityAdi / inake paravartI kAla ke rUpa -pAviya, pAviUNa, jiNiya, jiNiUNa, karia, karettA, ityAdi mileNge| (2) -ttANaM,-ccA,-ccANaM,-yANa aura -yANaM saM. bhU. kR. ke prAcIna pratyaya mAne gaye haiM jo AcA., sUtrakR., uttarA., dazavai., Adi sUtroM meM milate haiM ( dekhie-pizala, 583, 587 aura 592) / isibhAsiyAI se kucha udAharaga : ( kiccA 35.1, 39.2, 41.1 ', ANaccA ( AjJAya ) 11, pR. 23.20, NirAkiccA 11.5, NaccA 11, pR. 23.20; 30.8.

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48 prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke.Ara. candra sAhaittANaM. 11.4 ( sAdhayitvA ), jiNittANaM 29.16, kasittANaM 32.4, ityAdi / ina prAkRta pratyayoM ke anurUpa-tvAna pratyaya vAle. pAli. prayogoM ke lie ( batvAna, katvAna, chetvAna ) aura-yAna tathA -yAnaM pratyayoM ke lie dekhie:-gAigara 209, 214 tathA azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM prayukta-cca evaM - cya pratyayoM ke lie dekhie :-meheNDale, pR. 45 [ AgAca (Agatya ), adhigicya ( adhikRtya )] / (3) dRSTvA ke prAcIna prayoga / dissa ( isibhA. 28.22 ) aura pizala. 334 ke anusAra 'dissA" ( sUtrakR., vivAhapa.), padissA ( vivAhapa.), dissaM (uttarA.), ityAdi jo pAli ke 'disvA' ke samAna haiM / (dha) vartamAna kRdanta ke prAcIna prayoga (1) an = 'a' pratyayavAle prayoga akuvvaM (akurvan) AcA. 19.1.271, jANaM ( jAnan ) isibhA. 412 pAli suttanipAta meM bhI aise prayoga milate haiM : akubbaM ( 47.10, 51.18 ) passaM ( 51.15) (2) --'ANa' pratyaya pizala ke anusAra yaha pratyaya kabhI kabhI hI milatA hai (562) / buyAbuyANA = bruvantaH ( strakR. 1.7.390) suttanipAta meM bhI aise prayoga milate haiM : ___ vadAnaM 422, vadAno 50.11, pajAnaM 54.9, parimbasAnA 51.1, ityAdi / (na) hetvarthaka kRdanta kA prAcIna pratyaya -'ttae' (-ittae) - yaha pratyaya ardhamAgadhI sAhitya taka hI sImita hai jo vaidika -vai' kA dhvanyAtmaka parivartana hai, ( dekhie, pizala-598) /

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ardhamAgadhI meM prAcIna bhASAkIya tattva pAli aura azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM yahI pratyaya 'tave' ke rUpa meM milatA hai / ( dekhie, gAigara 204.1 aura meheNDale, pR. 45) / AcArAMga se udAharaNa :--tarittae, garmittae (1.2.3 6), ThAittae (2.8.1), kahaittae, pUraittae ( 1.3.2.2), dharittae (1.7.7.1) / pizala mahodaya (577) ke anusAra yaha -'ttae' pratyaya ardhamAgadhI meM bahu pracalita hai / pizala ne (578) aise hI kucha rUpoM kI vaidika prayogoMke sAtha tulanA kI hai : __ jaise--pAyae ( pAtatrai ), vatthae ( vastave / / (pa) eka vaidika kriyAvizeSaNa : aNuvIyi, aNuviyi, aNuvIi dekhie : AcA. sUtra, 26, 140, 196, 197 pizala mahodaya (593) ke anusAra 'anuvIti' ke hI ye saba rUpa haiM jo sambandhaka bhUtakRdanta nahIM hai paraMtu kriyAvizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta hai / ise 'sAvadhAnIpUrvaka' isa artha meM lenA cAhie jaisA ki vaidika prayoga meM pAyA jAtA hai / (pha) amuka dhAtuoM ke prAcIna rUpoM ke prayoga (1) 'bhU' = bhava, bho, hava, ho, hu ___AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga jaise prAcIna granthoM meM 'bhU' dhAtu ke lie 'bhava' aura 'bho' kA prayoga bahuta adhika mAtrA meM milatA hai jabaki 'hava, ho, hu' kA prayoga bahuta kama mAtrA meM milatA hai / paravartI granthoM meM 'bhava, bho' kA prayoga ghaTatA jAtA hai jabaki 'hava, ho, hu' ke prayoga bar3hate jAte haiM / pAli ke suttanipAta jaise prAcIna grantha ke aTThakavagga meM bhU, bhava, bho ke prayoga 9 bAra milate haiM jaba ki ho, hu ke 22 prayoga 1. dekhie grayoM kI zabdasUciyA~ (ma. jai. vi.)

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke Arabandra milate haiM / azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI 'bhU , bho, bhava' ke prayoga 25% aura 'hu, hava' ke prayoga 75% milate haiM / anya prAcIna sAhitya aura abhilekhoM kI apekSA AcArAMga meM 'bhU' dhAtu ke 'bhava' vAle prAcIna prayoga adhika mAtrA meM milate haiN| isa pramANa ke AdhAra-svarUpa prastuta graMtha kI prAcInatA kA aMdAja lagAyA jA sakatA hai / (2) bra dhAtu ke prayoga bra ke rUpa prAcIna granthoM meM hI milate haiM, paravartI sAhitya meM inakA prayoga nahIM milatA hai| udAharaNa : 1 bemi, bUyA, bUhi, beMti, bujhya, bavIti, buita, buitAo, buyA. buyANA, ityAdi / isibhAsiyAI ke prayoga : tti bemi aura arahatA isiNA buita (hareka adhyAya meM pryukt)| (3) prAp dhAtu ke prAcIna rUpa ( pizala 504 ke anusAra) (a) pappoi, pappoti, papputi ( prApnoti ) uttarA. (A) pAuNai ( * pApuNAMti, * pApuNati ) (i) vyAkhyAprajJapti, aupapAtikasUtra, prajJApanAsUtra / pAuNati ( isibhAsiyAI 33.8, sUtrakR. sUtra, 714), pAuNaMti (sUtrakR, sUtra 517 ) ( I ) pAuMNissAmi ( AcA. sUtra, 187) (u) pappa (prApya ) AcA. sUtra, 79, isimA a. 31 1. devieH AcAMrAga aura sUtrakRtAMga kI zanTa sUciyA~ (ma . vi) 2. isa upavibhAga na. (3) aura (4) meM pizala ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa se udAharaNa diye gaye haiN|

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ardhamAgadhI meM prAcIna bhASAkIya tattva (U) pAuNejjA ( AcA. 2.473) (e) pAuNittae (AcA. 2.490) (4) kR dhAtu ke prAcIna rUpa (i) ( a / kurute ( isibhAsiyAI 29.17 ) ( * kurvate-kartR prayoga ) pizala ke vyAkaraNa meM yaha rUpa nahIM milatA hai / pAli suttanipAta meM aise prayoga milate haiM : 43.1,4,56; 49.6 ityAdi ( dekho gAigara-149 ) / (A) kajjate, kajjati, kajaMti kajjate 'isibhAsiyAI 34.3) = (*karyate : karmaNi pryog)| (i) kajjati = AcA. 67, 73 aura sUtrakR. 747 (m.j.vi.)| pizala (547) mahodaya ne 'kajjaI' rUpa kA ullekha kiyA hai| isakA bahuvacana kA rUpa 'kajaMti' (kriyante ) AcA. 87, sUtrakR. 714 ityAdi meM milatA hai / / I) kajjamANa ( sUtrakR. 431) / / (ii) kuva se bane rUpoM ke prayoga : kuvvati ( sUtrakR. 376, 417), kuvaMti ( sUtrakR. 262, 418), kuvvamANa ( AcA. 19 ), kuvvaM (AcA. 13, sUtrakR. 753), kumvitthA (AcA. 321), kuvvaha (AcA. 117),2 kuvejja ( isibhAsiyAI 33.7, 17), ityAdi / pAli suttanipAta meM bhI aise prayoga milate haiM :-- kabbati, kubbanti, pakubbamAno, kubbetha, kubbaye, ityAdi / / 1 dekhie S. M. Katre: Prakrit Languages and their Contribution to Indian Culture, p. 60 (1945). 2 ina prayogoM ke lie dekhie pizala (508 aura 517)

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM / ke. Ara. candra Upara darzAye gaye prAcIna prayoga ardhamAgadhI kI prAcInatA siddha karate haiM aura kabhI kabhI vaha pAli bhASA ke samAna ho aisI pratIti karAte haiM / mUlataH ardhamAgadhI sAhitya kA sRjana I. sa. kI kucha ( caturtha zatAbdI I. sa. pUrva ) zatAbdiyoM pahale huA thA | ataH pAli ke samAna evaM anya prakAra ke prAcIna bhASAkIya prayoga isa sAhitya meM mila rahe haiM / yaha bhASA mahArASTrI aura zaurasenI prAkRtoM se nizcayataH pUrvakAlIna hai aura zabdoM kI vartanI meM vyaMjana saMbaMdhI jo dhvani - parivartana ( madhyavartI vyaMjanoM kA lopa ityAdi ) milatA hai vaha saba kAlAntara meM praviSTa huA hai aisA mAnane meM koI zaMkA nahIM raha jAtI hai | 2 52 1 pATaliputra kI prathama vAcanA kA yaha samaya hai jo I. sa. pUrva cauthI zatAbdI kA dUsarA dazaka mAnA jAtA hai / dekhie jaina sAhitya kA bahad itihAsa, bhAga - 1, prastAvanA, pR 51 (1966 A. D), vArANasI. - 2. Agama divAkara pU. muni zrI puNyavijayajI kA spaSTa mantavya rahA hai ki madhyavartI alpaprANa kA prAyaH lopa aura mahAprANa kA prAyaH ha vyaMjanoM meM badalanA ina niyamoM ko ardhamAgadhI ke prAcIna graMthoM meM itanA adhika sthAna prApta nahIM thA / isakA ullekha prAraMbha ke adhyAya meM hI kara diyA gayA hai / paM. zrI becaradAsa jIvarAja doSI kA bhI yahI mata rahA hai ki prAcIna ardhamAgI bhASA vyaMjana-pradhAna thI parantu kAlAnukrama se usameM se ( madhyavartI) vyaMjanoM kA lopa ho (yA kara diyA gayA hogA / dekhie- prAkRta mArgopadezikA, g. 29, atat arafa (1947).

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3. ardhamAgadhI Agama-granthoM kI prAcInatA aura unakI racanA kA sthala . jaina Agama-granthoM kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA svarUpa eka samAna nahIM hai yaha sabhI vidvAna jAnate haiM aura yaha bhI sarvavidita hai ki kAla kI gati aura sthalAntara ke sAtha mUla ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM parivartana hotA gayA hai / aisI sthiti hote hue bhI prAcIna AgamagranthoM meM amI bhI aise bhASAkIya pramANa milate haiM jinase yaha nissandeha nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama-granthoM kI. racanA mUlata: pUrvI bhArata meM huI thI aura unakI bhASA meM azoka kAlIna bhASA ke kitane hI tattva abhI mI mila rahe haiM jo kisI na kisI prakAra aparivartita rUpa meM baca gaye haiM / .. (1) ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM azokakAlIna bhASA ke lakSaNa ka. yathA ke lie ahA aura yAvat ke lie Ava ke prayoga sAmAnyata: prAkRta meM prAraMbhika ya - kA ja - hotA hai paraMtu ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM yathA aura yAvat ke lie ahA aura Ava vAle prayoga anekabAra milate haiM / AhattahiyaM (yAthAtathyam ) yA AhAttahIyaM ( * yAthAtathIyam ) ..- sUtrakRtAMga ke 13 veM adhyayana kA yaha zIrSaka hai / yadi yahI zIrSaka sAmAnya prAkRta meM hotA to isa prakAra hotA - 'jahAtacchaM' / ( dekho - pizala - 335) / AcArAMga se udAharaNa : ahAsutaM (yathAzrutam ) 1.9 1.254 __ ardhamAgadhI AgamagranthoM meM aise prayoga aneka bAra milate haiM / pizala mahAdayane apane prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM bIsoM aise udAharaNa

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM ke.Ara.candra Agama-granthoM se prastuta kiye haiN| unhoMne jina jina granthoM se jo jo zabda diye haiM ve ahA (yathA) aura Ava (yAvat ) saMbaMdhI isa prakAra haiM (dekhie pizala - 335, 404, 565 ) / AcArAMga : (a) ahAkappaM, ahANupuvvIe, ahArihaM, ahAsuTumaM, ahAsuyaM, ahAtiritta, ahAkaDaM, ahAsacca, ahAparijuNNa; (ba) AvakahaM, AvakahAe, AvantI (ityaadi)| sUtrakRtAMga : ahAkammANi, AhAkaDaM; AvakahA ( ityAdi) / sthAnAMga :-ahArAiNiyAe; AvakahAe ( ityAdi ) / vyAkhyAprajJapti - ahAmaggaM, ahAsutaM, (ityaadi)| jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, kalpasUtra:--ahAkappaM, ahAmaggaM,, ahAsutaM / aupapAtika sUtra :-ahANupuvIe / uttarAdhyayana sUtra :-ahAkammehiM / prAraMbhika ya ko a meM badalane ke viSaya meM pro. meheNDale (pR. 274) kA kahanA hai ki azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM pUrvI pradeza kI yaha pravRtti hai aura isa pradeza ke prabhAva ke kAraNa anya kSetroM meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai / azoka ke pazcAt yaha pravRtti kama ho jAtI hai parantu pUrvI pradeza meM dvitIya zatI I. sa. pUrva laka kucha aise udAharaNa milate haiM ( meheNDale, pR. 13 ) / zilAlekhIya udAharaNa :athA ( yathA ) dhaulI, jaugaDa, kAlasI evaM staMbhalekha, (anytr-ythaa)| AvaM, AvA (yAvat ) dhaulI, kAlasI, staMbhalekha, giranAra, zAhabAjagaDhI aura mAnaseharA /

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ardhamAgadhI Agama-granthoM kI prAcInatA aura unakI racanA kA sthala kha. 'mati' zabda ke lie 'muti' kA prayoga (i) AcArAMga meM eka prayoga milatA hai-sahasammuiyAe (se jaM puNa jANejjA shsmmuiyaae...| AcA. 1.1.1.2) / vRtti meM isake lie jo pAThAntara milate haiM ve isa prakAra haiMsahasammuie, sahasammaie / AcArAMga kI niyukti (gAthA naM. 65,67) aura uttarAdhyayana meM (28.17) sahasammuiyA (tR.e.va.) pATha milatA hai| arthAt 'sammuI' mUla zabda hai jo 'sammati' ke lie prayukta hai / (ii) pAli suttanipAta meM bhI isI taraha muta, muti aura sammuti zabda milate haiMdiDha sutaM mutaM-43.3,51 17, sammuti 51.10, mutiyA (tR.e.ka.) 47.12 (iii) azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI isI prakAra kA prayoga milatA haivedaniyamute = vedanIyamataH, gulumute = gurumataH ( kAlasI lekha naM. 13 ), mukhamute = mukhyamataH ( zAhabAjagaDhI aura mAnaseharA lekha naM. 13) aura mute = mataH (kAlasI lekha naM. 6) / . ina udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki lokabhASA meM mataH ke lie mute kA pracalana thA ataH pAli aura prAcIna prAkRta bhASA arthAta ardhamAgadhI meM bhI yaha prayoga cala par3A / / ga. caturthI ekavacana kI vibhakti-Aye = - Ae ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM akArAnta zabdoM ke lie caturthI ekavacana kI-Ae vibhakti bahupracalita hai / jaise : taM se ahitAe (AcA.

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM ke.Ara.candra 1.1.2.13) / pizala mahodaya ne ( 361, 364) isake aneka udAharaNa Agama sAhitya se prastuta kiye haiM / ... isI vibhakti kA pUrvarUpa-Aye hameM azoka ke zilAlekhAM meM prApta ho rahA hai (meheNDale pR. 28 ) udAharaNa : imAye aThAye (asmai arthAya ) dhaulI 5.7, imAye dhaMmAnusAthiye (asmai dharmAnuziSTyai) dhaulI-3 2 zAhabAjagaDhI aura mAnaseharA meM bhI 'aThAye' rUpa milatA hai| madhya, pazcima aura dakSiNa kSetroM meM yaha vibhakti nahIM milatI hai| yahI - Aye vibhakti paravartIkAla meM uttara-pazcima meM-Ae meM badala jAtI hai paraMtu anya sabhI kSetroM meM bAda meM Aya ke rUpa meM hI milatI hai ( meheNDale pa. 283) / pUrvI kSetra ke paravartI kAla ke zilAlekha nahIM milane ke kAraNa usa kSetra ke udAharaNa nahIM diye jA skte| gha. vartamAna kRdanta ke pratyaya--mAna ke sthAna para-mIna .. ardhamAgadhI Agama-granthoM meM vartamAna kRdanta-mAna ke lie kabhI kabhI - mIna kA prayoga milatA hai / kabhI kabhI -. mIna ko pAThAntara meM rakha diyA gayA hai aura svIkRta pATha meM - mAna,-mANa hI rakhA gayA hai / pizala mahodaya ke anusAra AcArAMga meM hI yaha pratyaya adhika mAtrA meM milatA hai (562) / udAharaNa : ___ghAyamINa, samaNujANamINa, aNADhAyamINa, AgamamINa, abhivAyamINa, apariggahamINa, amamAyamINa, AsAemINa (AcA. zubiMga, pR. 31,33, ma. jai. vi. sUtra. 192, 199), vikAsamINa (sUtrakRtAMga), bhisamINa,

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ardhamAgadhI Agama-granthoM kI prAcInatA aura unakI racanA kA sthala bhibhisamINa (naayaadhmmkhaao)| vyavahArasUtra meM bhI aise prayoga kAphI mAtrA meM milate haiM / pUjya puNyavijayajI dvArA AcA. cUrNI (pR. 41.7) kA saMzodhita pATha bhI isI prakAra kA milatA haiAraMbhamINA viNayaM vadaMti (suutr-62)| prazna yaha hai ki-mAna ke badale meM -mIna pratyaya AyA kahA~ se aura yaha kauna se kAla meM pracalita thA / isakA uttara hameM azoka ke zilAlekhAM se milatA hai, udAharaNa :. saMpaTipajamIna, vipaTipAdayamIna (pRthak dhaulI lekha) palakamamIna (sahasarAma laghu zilAlekha), pAyamIna (staMbhalekha), pakamamIna (siddApura, rUpanAtha, bairATa laghuzilAlekha, yerAguDI zilAlekha), pakamamINa (brahmagiri laghuzilAlekha) / pro. meheNDale (562) ke anusAra azoka ke pazcAt yaha-mIna pratyaya nahIM milatA hai / isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki isa pratyaya ke prayogavAle ardhamAgadhI sAhitya ke aMza nizcita hI azoka ke samaya taka to prAcIna hai hI / ca. saMbaMdhaka bhUtakRdanta kA pratyaya - tu (-itta) . gAigara mahAdaya ke anusAra pAli bhASA meM saM. bhU. kR. ke jo jo pratyaya (alpamAtrA meM yA adhika mAtrA meM) milate haiM ve isa prakAra haiM --tvA, tvAna, tUna, cca, ya, yya, iya aura yAna (208-214) / . ye sabhI (-yya ke sivAya) pratyaya (dhvani-parivartana ke sAtha) ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM bhI milate haiM paraMtu eka aura pratyaya milatA hai aura vaha hai -ttu (-ittu) jo pAli meM nahIM milatA hai (pizala-577), udAharaNa :

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ ke Ara. candraH jANintu (AcArAMga), caittu (uttarAdhyayana), pavisitu, pamajjittu (daza kAlika) vaMdittu ( kalpasUtra), suNittu, bhuJjintu (dazavaikAlika) ityAdi / 58 ye saba udAharaNa ardhamAgadhI ke prAcIna granthoM meM milate haiM jo pizala ne prastuta kiye haiM / yahI pratyaya azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM milatA hai / ataH usa samaya meM pracalita pratyaya hI usa kAla kI racanAoM meM A sakatA hai aura yadi yaha pracalita nahIM hotA to ardhamAgadhI meM kaise A sakatA / udAharaNa : jANitu (dhaulI pRthak ), sutu (kAlasI, ToparA), zrutu ( zAha, mAna. ) 11 Ae, va. kR. mAna mIna aura Upara dI gayI pA~coM bhASAkIya vizeSatAe~ - prAraMbhika ya = a, . mati = muti, ca. e. va. kI vibhakti saM. bhU. kR. kA pratyaya nta azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM pAyI. jAtI haiM / isase pahale ke utkIrNa pramANa hamAre pAsa nahIM haiM ataH ye bhASAkIya vizeSatAe~ azoka se bhI kitanI prAcIna hogI yaha nahIM : kahA jA sakatA parantu itanA nizcita hai ki ina vizeSatAoM kA ardhamAgadhI Agama-granthoM meM milanA yahI sAbita karatA hai ki amuka Agama-granthoM kI racanA kama se kama azoka ke kAla taka purAnI to hai hI / - - - 1. zilAlekhoM meM kisI vyaMjana ke dvitva ke sthAna para eka hI vyaMjana likhane kI paddhati pAyI jAtI hai, jaise - tu ~= tu 1

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ardhamAgadhI Agama -granthoM kI prAcInatA aura unakI racanA kA sthala (2) ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM bhArata ke pUrvI kSetra (azoka kAlIna bhASA) ke lakSaNa cha. ra = la ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke Agama granthoM meM rakAra ke sthAna para lakAra ke kitane hI prayoga milate haiM - AcArAMga prathama zrutaskaMdha se udAharaNa : -- lADha (294, 295, 298, 300, , lukkha (176),. lUha (99,161,198,295,30.), eliMsa (177), aNelisa (229),. elikkha (297), palichiMdiya (145), palichidiyANaM (115), palichiNNa. (144), paliochaNNa (151), palimokkha (151), urAla ( udAra - 263), ityAdi / isibhAsiyAI - antalikkha 10. pR. 23.5, palichaNNo 45.45; vyavahArasUtra - apalichaNNa; bRhatkalpasUtra - palichanna; nizIthasUtra - palimadda, ityAdi / pizala mahAdayane (257) apane prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM aise aneka udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiM - aMtalikkha (AcA., uttarA., dazabai ityAdi), pariyAla (parivAra),. paliyanta (paryanta), ruila (rucira), ityAdi / isa viSaya meM unakA kahanA hai ki anya prAkRtoM se ardhamAgadhI meM ra = la ke prayoga adhika mAtrA meM aura bahudhA milate haiN| isa dRSTi se yaha bhASA mAgadhI ke nikaTa pahu~catI hai aura mahArASTrI se dUra ho jAtI hai (257) / azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM to pUrvIkSetra meM rakAra kA prAyaH lakAra hI pAyA jAtA hai ataH yaha lakSaNa spaSTa rUpa se pUrvI kSetra

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke.Ara candra kA hai aura ardhamAgadhI sAhitya kI racanA kA saMbaMdha nizaMka rUpa se pUrvI kSetra yAni magadha deza ke sAtha jur3atA hai / ja. ka = ga ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM madhyavartI ka kA ga meM parivartana adhika pramANa meM milatA hai aura madhyavartI ga ko adhika pramANa meM yathAvat rakhA jAtA hai / isa bhASA ke prabhAva se hI jaina zaurasenI aura jaina mahArASTrI meM bhI yaha pravRtti cAlU rahI hogI (pizala-202) / anya prAkRtoM meM to kabhI kabhI hI ka = ga milatA hai / ardhamAgadhI se udAharaNa : loga, asoga, AgAsa, egamega, jamagasamaga, kulagara, sAgapAgAe, silAgagAmI, appaga, phalaga, ityAdi / meheNDo ke anusAra (pR, 271 ) madhyavartI ka ko ga meM badalane kI pravRtti pUrvI kSetra kI hai aura vaha kramazaH madhyakSetra, dakSiNa aura pazcima meM phailatI hai / azoka ke udAharaNa : - 'loga' (loka) jaugaDa pRthak lekha, jabaki 'loka' anya zilAlekhoM meM / pU. hemacandrAcArya bhI apane vyAkaraNa meM madhyavartI ka ke ga meM badalane ke kitane hI udAharaNa dete haiM jo vAstava meM ardhamAgadhI kI vizeSatA kA hI aprastuta rUpa meM ullekha jAna par3atA hai / sUtra naM. 8.1.177 jo madhyavartI vyaMjanoM ke lopa kA sUtra hai usakI vRtti meM diye gaye udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM - ityeva kasya gatvam ; udAharaNa - loga, ego, sAvago / ardhamAgadhI pUrvIkSetra kI bhASA hone ke pakSa meM yaha eka aura pramANa prastuta hai|

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ardhamAgadhI Agama-granthoM kI prAcInatA aura unakI racanA kA sthala jha. sAmaMta zabda kA samIpa ke artha meM prayoga ardhamAgadhI Agama-sAhitya ke kucha aMga nAmaka granthoM me' 'adUrasAmaMte' zabda kA prayoga anekabAra milatA hai jisakA artha hai 'dUra nahIM samIpa meM' / arthAt nikaTa, najadIka, pAsa meM / , gaNadhara se ( bhagavAna mahAvIra ke) upadeza sunate samaya ziSya jisa prakAra baiThatA hai usa vinaya-pUrvaka sthiti ke lie isa zabda kA prayoga huA hai - nAyAdhammakahAo - a. 6 ---- iMdabhUI nAma aNagAre adUrasAmaMte jaav....| isI prakAra ke. anya udAharaNoM ke lie dekhie - Agamazabdakoza, bhAga-1, pR. 55, I. sa. 1980 saMskRta sAhitya meM samanta aura sAmanta donoM zabdoM ke prayoga milate haiM / vaidika sAhitya meM inakA artha hai - paDausa, pAsa meM, najadIka yAni samIpa / parantu paravartI sAhitya meM sAmaMta zabda kA artha 'adhIna rAjA' ho gayA / ardhamAgadhI sAhitya meM yahI zabda samIpa ke artha meM prayukta huA hai / isake sthAna para samaMta kA. prayoga nahIM hai / azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM paDausI ke lie dhaulI, jaugaDa aura kAlasI meM sAmanta zabda kA prayoga hai, jabaki zAhabAjagaDhI aura.. 1 azoka ke zilAlekhoM se udAharaNa : (a) aMtiyokasa sAmaMtA lAjAne (dhaulI, bogaDa, na. 2.2) (A) aMtiyogasA sAmatA lAjAno (kAlasI, na. 2.5) . (i) atiyokassa sama ta rajano (zAhabAjagaDhI na. 2.6) (I) ...gasa samata rajane (mAnaseharA, na. 26) (u) aMtiyakasa sAmIpa rAjAno (giranAra na. 2.3)

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM / ke. Ara. candra mAnaseharA meM 'samanta' zabda milatA hai / giranAra meM isa ke sthAna para 'sAmIpaM ' zabda milatA hai / isase aura bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki artha aura jor3anI kI dRSTi se 'sAmanta' zabda kA prayoga jisa pradeza meM thA usI pradeza se yaha zabda ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM AyA hai / arthAt AgamoM kI racanA pUrvI pradeza meM huI hai isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai / pAli' sAhitya meM bhI 'sAmanta' zabda kA artha paDosI yA paDausa meM hotA hai / Ta. 62 yakAra yukta saMyukta vyaMjanoM meM svarabhakti prAkRta bhASA meM saMyukta vyaMjanoM meM prAya: samIkaraNa hotA hai / paraMtu ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM saMyukta vyaMjanoM meM jahA~ para dvitIya vyaMjana jaya ho unameM samIkaraNa ke badale meM svarabhakti ke udAharaNa adhika milate haiM, jaise aNitiya (anitya) AcA. 1 1.5.45 tahiya ( tathya ) uttarA 28.14 kAriya (kArya) isibhAsiyAI 11.3 veyAvaDiya (vaiyyAvRtya) vyavahAra sUtra AcA. 1.5.4.163 pAli bhASA ke suttanipAta meM bhI aise udAharaNa milate haiMtathiya ( tathya ) 50.5,6, macchariya ( mAtsarya ) 49.2 samIkaraNa ke badale sAmAnyIkaraNa karane kI saMyukta vyaMjanoM kI yaha paddhati AlsaDarpha mahodaya ke anusAra azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM pUrva bhArata meM pAyI jAtI hai jabaki uttara - pacchima aura pacchima meM unakA yA to samIkaraNa hotA hai yA vaise ke vaise rahate haiM / 2 1. dekhie pAli iMgliza DikzanarI jisameM dIghanikAya aura vinayapiTaka se prayoga uddhata kiye gaye haiM / EUR 2 L Alsdorf Kleine Schriften, pp. 451-2; : aura dekhira - meheNDale naM. 41, pR. 22

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adha ardhamAgadhI Agama-granthoM kI prAcInatA aura unakI racanA kA sthala azoka ke zilAlekhoM se udAharaNazakya = sakiya (jaugaDa), saka (giranAra), sakya (brahmagiri, siddApura ) / ibhya = ibhiya (dhaulI, jaugaDa ), ibhya ( mAnaseharA ), ibha ( zAhabAjagaDhI, __ kAlasI) / vyaJjana = viyaMjana (dhaulI, jogaDa, kAlasI), vyaMjana ( giranAra ) / u. ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM zabda ke ( vibhakti yukta) antima - aH - -e ke prayoga __ ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM akArAnta puM. pra. e. va. ke lie -e vibhakti sAmAnyataH pAyI jAtI hai jo mUlataH mAgadhI kA lakSaNa hai / paraMtu isa vibhakti ke sivAya anya rUpoM meM jinakA anta a: me' hotA hai uname bhI-a: ke sthAna para - e kA pAyA jAnA kSetra kI dRSTi se bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai / udAharaNArtha :(a) puras = pure' ( jassa Natthi pure pacchA majjhe tassa kuo siyA AcA. 1.4.4.145; pure saMkhaDiM vA pacchA saMkhaDi vA-AcA. 2.1.2.338); purekaDa, purekamma, purekkhaDa, purekkhAra, puresaMthaya ityAdi ke lie dekhie pizA-345 yA) adhasa = adhe, ahe (uDDhaM adhe ya tiriyaM ca pehamANe-AcA. 1.9.4.320; adhe disAto vA Agato-AcA. 1 1.1.1; kAya ahe vi dasaiti - sUtrakR. 1.4 1.3) (i) heTThA zabda kI vyutpatti bhI adhe zabda se hI samajhAyI jAtI hai / adhestAt = ( * adheSTAt ) = dhastAt =. hastAt ; 1. sa skRta bhASA meM puras ke lie samAsa ke prathama zabda ke rUpa meM isa prakAra ke prayoga milate haiM-pura, puraH, puras , pura, puga, puge| inameM pure kA prayoga nahIM milatA hai /

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke.Ara.candra heTThAt , heTThA ( dekhie pizala-107) bahavaH = bahave (AcA. 1.9 3.295,297,302, sUtrakR., uttarA., uvAsagadasAo, nAyAdhamma., ityAdi-pizala-380) nAmataH = nAmate ( jahA NAmate agaNikAe siyA, isibhAsiyAI 22, pR. 43.5; se jahA nAmate, isibhA. 31, pR. 69.20). (U) naH = ne, Ne ( = asmAkam ) paridevamANA mA Ne cayAhi iti te vadaMti-AcA. 1.6 1.182; ( dekhie pizala - 419) .. zabdarUpa ke antima-aH ko -o ke badale -e meM badalane kI pravRtti khAsa taura se pUrvI bhArata kI rahI hai jo azoka ke zilAlekhoM se spaSTa hai / akArAnta zabda ke pu. pra. e. va. kI vibhaktivAle rUpoM ke sivAya anya rUpoM meM bhI aisA parivartana. milatA hai / udAharaNArtha : lAjine (rAjJaH) dhaulI, jogaDa, kAlasI; atane (attane = AtmanaH ) jogaDa pRthak zilAlekha; dhaulI pRthak zilAlekha; piyadasine ( priyadarzinaH ) dhaulI, jaugaDa, kAlasI / jabaki giranAra, zAhabAjagaDhI meM rAjo, giranAra meM rAjAno aura priyadasino arthAt zabda ke antima aH ke lie o kA prayoga milatA hai| isase itanA to spaSTa hai ki aH = -e vAle prayoga ardhamAgadhI ko pUrva bhArata kI bhASA se hI virAsata meM mile haiM aura ardhamAgadhI 'sAhitya kA sRjana pUrvI bhArata me hone kA yaha eka prabala pramANa hai| Da. ardhamAgadhI meM akasmAt zabda kA prayoga ..

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ardhamAgadhI Agama-granthoM kI prAcInatA aura unakI racanA kA sthala 66 dhvani-parivartana-rahita 'akasmAt' * zabda kA prayoga ardhamAgadhI ke prAcIna AgamagraMtha meM baca gayA hai yaha eka mahatvapUrNa muddA hai / yaha bacA huA prayoga isa prakAra hai: 'ettha hi jANaha akasmAt'-AcArAMga-1.8.1.200, zubiMga pR. 33.14 .... isa viSaya meM AcArAMga ke TIkAkAra zIlAMkAcArya kA kahanA hai ki yaha mAgadha deza kI vizeSatA hai_____ akasmAditi mAgadhadeze AgopAlAGganAdinA saMskRtasyaivoccAraNAdihApi tathaivoccArita iti (AcA. ma. jai. vi., pR. 70, pA. Ti. naM 17) / zabda ke anta meM t kI yathAsthiti isibhAsiyAI ke eka prayoga meM bhI milatI hai-dhit (228) / ise zubiMga mahAdayane ati prAcIna rUpa mAnA hai (dekhie graMtha ke anta meM diye gaye ttippnn)| - mRcchakaTikam kI mAgadhI bhASA ke prakaraNa meM bhI zabdAnta meM-At milatA hai-dUlAt padiTTho si (aMka 2, padya naM 1 se puurv)| pizala mahodaya (314) ardhamAgadhI meM prayukta 'akasmA' ko galata batalAte haiM jaise-akasmAiMDa (sUyagaDaMga, ThANaMga) aura akasmAkaM (sUyagaDaMga) / ve usake sthAna para 'akamhA' kA prayoga ucita batalAte haiM kyoMki 'akasmA' mAgadhI kA rUpa haiN| .. . - jaba azoka ke pUrvI pradeza ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI 'akasmA' (dhaulI pRthak 1 20,21 aura jaugaDa pRthak 1.4) kA prayoga milatA hai to apanAgadhI meM usakA prayoga galata nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yaha prayoga "ardhamAgadhI kI prAcInatA aura usakA : sthala nizcitaH

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM ke.Ara.candra karane meM pramANa rUpa mAnA jAnA cAhie / ataH akasmA ke sthAna para akamhA ke prayoga kA pizala mahodaya kA sujhAva upayukta nahIM ThaharatA hai / Dha. kR dhAtu kA saMbaMdhaka bhUtakRdanta-'kaTTu' saMbaMdhaka bhUtakRdanta ke pratyaya - tu kI cardA Upara kI jA cukI hai / kR dhAtu se bane 'kaTTu' ke prayoga ke bAre meM yahA~ para kucha kahanA hai / - pizala (577) ke anusAra 'kaTu' ke prayoga yA - Tu pratyayavAle anya dhAtuoM ke prayoga aneka Agama graMthoM meM milate haiM, udAharaNArtha AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, vyAkhyAprajJapti, vipAkasUtra, kalpasUtra, aupapAtikasUtra ityAdi / kaTTu ke sivAya anya prayoga pizala mahodaya ne isa prakAra diye haiM-avahaTTu, AhaTu, samAhaTu, sAhaTu ityAdi) / dhvani-parivartana kI dRSTi se - tu pratyaya hI-TTu meM badalA hai / azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM kR dhAtu kA saMbaMdhaka bhUtakRdanta kaTu (dhaulI pRthak) aura kaTU (jaugaDa pRthak) pUrvI pradeza meM milatA hai / anya kSetroM meM -Tu ke sthAna para -tu. milatA hai / / isa prayoga ke AdhAra se bhI kyA aisA nahIM pramANita hotA hai ki ardhamAgadhI graMthoM kI racanA pUrvI pradeza meM huI hai / ... ardhamAgadhI Agama-graMthoM kI bhASA meM Upara darzAyI gayI jo vizeSatAe~ prApta ho rahI haiM unakA sambandha azokakAlIna bhASA ke sAtha hone se ardhamAgadhI bhASA kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai aura azoka ke pUrvI pradeza kI bhASA se jina vizeSatAoM kA sambandha hai

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ardhamAgadhI Agama-granthoM kI prAcInatA aura unakI racanA kA sthala usase yaha siddha hotA hai ki ardhamAgadhI ke prAcIna granthoM kI racanA 'pUrvI bhArata meM huI hai / jaina paraMparA kA bhI yahIM dAvA hai ki azoka se kitane hI varSA pUrva (I.sa. pUrva. cauthI zatAbdI) pATaliputra meM AgamoM kI prathama vAcanA kI gayI thI / ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM jo prAcIna aura viziSTa rUpa mila rahe haiM kyA ve racanA saMbaMdhI kAla aura sthala kI puSTi nahIM kara rahe haiM ? sAmAnyataH AgamoM kA kAla pATaliputra kI vAcanA kA kAla hI mAnA jAtA hai / 1. dekhie-jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-1, .. pa. dalasukha bhAI kI prastAvanA, pR. 51,

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4. AcArya zrI hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa kI _ardhamAgadhI bhASA* ___ina tIna adhyAyoM ke pariprekSya meM AcArya zrI hemacandra ne ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke lie jina jina vizeSatAoM kA ullekha apane prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM kiyA haiM unakA samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana karake unake dvArA diye gaye niyamoM meM katipaya aura mudde joGakara kyA ardhamAgadhI kA eka svataMtra vyAkaraNa banAyA jA sakatA hai ? AcArya zrI hemacandra prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa 'atha prAkRtam' (8.1.1) sUtra se prAraMma karate haiN| vyAkaraNa ke jo niyama diye jA rahe haiM unameM pravRtti, apravRtti, vibhASA, anyat , ityAdi vividhatA ke kAraNa isa bhASA kI vizeSa lAkSaNikatAoM ko batalAne ke lie unhoMne dUsarA hI sUtra diyA hai 'bahulam' (8.1.2) / tatpazcAt 'ArSam' (8.1.3) kA ullekha kiyA hai jise RSiyoM kI bhASA batalAyI gaI hai / isI sambandha meM sUtra naM. 8.4.287 kI vRtti meM eka uddharaNa (Avazyaka satra se) prastuta kiyA hai' -porANamadbhamAgaha-bhAsA-niyayaM havai suttaM arthAt purAnA sUtra ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM niyata hai / isI ko samajhAte samaya 'ArSa' aura 'ardhamAgadhI' eka hI bhASA batalAyI gayI hai-ityAdinArSasya arddhamAgadhabhASAM nityatvam ......(vRtti 8.4.287) / isI ardhamAgadhI yA ArSa bhASA ke viSaya meM apane vyAkaraNa * 'sabodhi' Vol. XVI, 1989 meM prakAzita mere lekha 'ardhamAgadhI bhASA aura AcArya zrI hemacandra ra prAkRta vyAkaraNa' pR 42 se 51 kA yaha vicit panivardhita aura saMzodhita rUpa hai / use sAbhAra yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai / 1. pAiya-saha-mahaSNavo, upodghAta pR. 35, TippaNa na. 4, dvitIya AvRtti,. I sa. 1963.

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AcArya zrI hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA grantha meM alaga se koI vyAkaraNa nahIM diyA hai yaha eka Azcarya kI bAta hai / mAgadhI bhASA meM koI vizeSa svataMtra sAhitya nahIM milatA hai parantu usa bhASA ke lie 16 sUtra (8.4.287-302) diye haiM / paizAcI bhASA ke lie 22 sUtra (303-324) upalabdha haiM / cUlikA paizAcI kA koI sAhitya hI nahIM milatA hai phira bhI 4 sUtra (325-328) diye haiM / zaurasenI sAhitya digambara AmnAya meM adhika pramANa meM milatA hai tathApi usake lie bhI 27 sUtra (260286) milate haiM aura apabhraMza bhASA ke lie unhoMne 118 sUtra diye haiM / svayaM zvetAmbara hote hue bhI zvetAmbara ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI bhASA ke lie koI svataMtrA sUtra eka sthala para vyavasthita rUpa meM nahIM likhe haiM jabaki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya vipula pramANa meM upalabdha hai / kyA jisa prakAra anya bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa unheM paramparA se prApta huA usa prakAra ardhamAgadhI kA prApta nahIM huA yA ardhamAgadhI sAhitya kI bhASA unake samaya taka itanI badala gayI thI ki usake lie alaga se sUtra banAnA asaMbhava sA ho gayA thA / unake vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM se to aisA lagatA hai ki jo sAmAnya prAkRta ke lakSaNa haiM ve hI prAyaH ardhamAgadhI ke lie bhI lAgU hote haiM aura kucha vizeSatAoM ke lie unhoMne bIca-bIca me vRtti meM ullekha kara diyA hai / prAraMbha me hI 'ArSam' kA sUtra dekara usakI vRtti me (8.1.3) unhoMne jo kahA hai ki 'bahulaM bhavati' evaM 'ArSe hi sarve vidhayo vikalpyante' arthAt ArSa meM bahulatA pAyI jAtI hai aura usameM sabhI vidhiyA~ ghaTita hotI haiM / isase to yahIM sAbita hotA hai ki anya bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa likhane kA zrama kiyA parantu ardhamAgadhI ke 2. nATakoM meM prayukta mAgadhI ke atirikta koI svataMtra kRti nahIM milatI hai / -

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke.Ara.candra lie aisA nahIM kiyA kyoMki usa sAhitya meM se prAcInatA-lakSI vizeSatAoM ko alaga karane meM bar3I kaThinAI unake sAmane rahI ho / isa taraha kA rukha apanAne ke kAraNa hI paM. zrI becarabhAI dozI apane 'prAkRta vyAkaraNa' meM ardhamAgadhI ko koI eka alaga bhASA mAnane ko taiyAra hI nahIM hue / hAlaoN ki isakI AlocanA zrI haragovindadAsa seTha ne kI hai aura pizala ne to ardhamAgadhI ko alaga bhASA kA darjA diyA hI hai / kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki bharatamuni ne apane nATayazAstra meM sAta bhASAoM ke sAtha ardhamAgadhI bhASA ko bhI eka kIrti-prApta svataMtra bhASA ke rUpa meM ginAyA hai / / pU. hemacandrAcArya apane vyAkaraNa kI prazasti meM alaga se eka nayA vyAkaraNa likhane kA kAraNa batalAte hue kahate haiM ki ve niravama (nyUnatA rahita) aura vidhivat vyAkaraNa banA rahe haiM / ardhamAgadhI ke viSaya meM kyA unakA yaha vidhAna lAgU hotA hai ? 'bahulam' aura 'sarve vidhayo vikalpyante' kaha dene se ArSa bhASA ko kitanI bar3I svataMtratA mila gayI aura vyAkaraNakAra bhI sabhI bandhanoM se mukta ho gaye ho esA hI pratIta hotA hai / isa paristhiti ke hote hue bhI ardhamAgadhI kI apanI lAkSaNikatAoM ke viSaya meM kyA eka svataMtra vyAkaraNa kA vidhAna kiyA jA sakatA thA isI mudde para yahA~ para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai / 3. pAiya-sadda-mahagavo, 1963, upodghAta, pR. 35. 4 pizala, 16-17. 5. ......saptabhASAH prakIrtitAH-bha. nA. zA., 17.47. . ..

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bhAcAya' zrI hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA ArSa kI vizeSatAoM ke ullekha AcArya zrI hemacandrane apane prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM sUtroM kI vRtti meM alaga alaga sthaloM para ArSa bhASA (ardhamAgadhI) kI vizeSatAoM ke bAre meM 31 bAra ullekha kiyA hai / inameM eka ullekha usakI . mukhya vizeSatA ke bAre meM hai arthAt akArAnta pu. pra. e. va. ke lie-e vibhakti ke bAre meM hai / isake sivAya nAma vibhaktiyoM ke bAre meM do aura ullekha haiM / kAla tathA kRdanta ke viSaya meM eka eka ullekha hai jabaki anya ullekha adhikatara dhvani-parivartana ke viSaya meM haiN| 6. zrImatI nIti DolcIne jina sUtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai unameM eka sUtra 8.3.137 aura jor3A jAnA cAhie / dekhieThe Prakrit Grammarians, p. 180, f.n. 1 (1972) hemacandra ke vyAkaraNa meM vibhinna sUtroM kI vRtti meM viSaya isa prakAra haisUtra-saMkhyA viSaya sUtra-sakhyA viSaya ArSam 1 atima vyajana svaraparivartana adhyaya aH kA parivartana 1 nipAta prArambhika asaMyukta vyaMjana 1 nAmavibhakti madhyavartI asaMyukta vyaMjana 2 vibhakti - vyatyaya prAra bhika saMyukta vyaMjana 1 bhUtakAla madhyavartI sayukta vya jana 1 kRdanta kula 31 sUtra stra na. I. 3, 26, 46, 57, 79, 118, 119, 151, 177, 181, 205, 228, 245, 254 (14) ___II. 17, 21, 86, 93, 101, 104, 113, 120, 138, 143, 146, 174, (12). III. 162, 1V. 238, 283, 287 (3)

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM / ke Ara candra ina vizeSatAoM ke lie jo bhI udAharaNa diye gaye haiM unase yahI spaSTa hotA hai ki ardhamAgadhI eka prAcIna prAkRta bhASA thI / udAharaNoM ke rUpa meM : 1. zabda ke prAraMbhika ya kA a / = sUtra hai - Aderyo ja : ( 8.1.245 ya ja ) paraMtu ArSe lopo'pi / udAharaNa :- ahakkhAyaM, ahAjAyaM / azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI aisI hI pravRtti milatI hai / Adi ya kA ja bahuta bAda kI pravRtti hai (meheNDale,7 pR. 274) / ardhamAgadhI meM yathA aura yAvat avyayoM meM yaha pravRtti milatI hai / tu 72 2. ArSe dugullaM (dukUla) kA udAharaNa sUtra 8.1 119 meM diyA gayA hai / yahA~ para ka ke lopa ke badale meM ga mila rahA hai| hAlA~ki udAharaNa svaraparivartana aura vyaMjana ke dvitva kA ( duallaM, duUlaM ) hai / lekina ardhamAgadhI ke udAharaNa meM lopa ke badale ka kA ghoSa ga milatA hai / ghoSa kI pravRtti lopa se prAcIna hai / azoka ke pUrvI pradeza ke zilAlekhoM meM jaugaDa ke pRthak zilAlekha meM eka bAra 'loka' kA 'loga' ( 27 ) milatA hai / khAravela ke zilAlekha meM bhI eka bAra 'ka' kA ga ( upAsaka -ubAsaga ) milatA hai / 3. isa ke sAtha sAtha sUtra naM. 8.1.177 meM madhyavartI alpaprANa vyaMjanoM ke prAyaH leApa kA jo niyama diyA hai, unakI vRtti meM bhI ka kA ga honA darzAyA gayA hai; udAharaNa - egataM, ego, amugo, sAvago, AgAro, titthagaro / Age kahA hai ArSa meM aise aneka udAharaNa mileMge / yaha saba ghoSIkaraNa kI prAcIna pravRtti hai aura bAda 7. Historical Grammar of Inscriptional Prakrits, M.A. Mehendale, Poona, 1948

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AcArya zrI hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA 73. meM ardhamAgadhI ke prabhAva se aneka aise zabda jaina mahArASTrI aura jaina zaurasenI sAhitya meM bhI pracalita ho gaye / meheNDale' (pR. 271) ke anusAra ghoSIkaraNa kI yaha pravRtti pUrva se anya kSetroM meM phailI hai / pizala ke anusAra bhI ardhamAgadhI meM madhyavartI 'ka' kA bahudhA 'ga' milatA haiM / vAstava meM isakA ullekha ArSa kI vizeSatA ke rUpa me honA cAhie thA / 4. sUtra naM, 8.2.138 meM ubhaya zabda ke lie avaha aura uvaha diye gaye haiM aura vRtti meM kahA gayA hai || ArSe ubhayokAlaM // arthAt mahAprANa bha kA ha meM parivartana isa zabda meM nahIM hai / prAcInatama prAkRta bhASA meM bha kA ha meM parivartana prAyaH hotA ho aisA - nahIM hai / zukriMga mahodaya, zApeNTiyara aura AlsaDarpha dvArA saMpAdita prAcIna Agama granthoM meM yaha lAkSaNikatA milatI hai / 5. madhyavartI na = na yA Na 8.1.228 sUtra ke anusAra madhyavartI na kA Na hotA hai paraMtu phira vRtti meM kahA gayA hai ki - ArSe AranAla, anilo ityAdyapi / madhyavartI na koNa meM badalane kI pravRtti azoka ke zilAlekhoM ke anusAra dakSiNa bhArata kI aura I. sa. ke bAda anya kSetroM meM pazcAt kAlIna hai aura yaha pUrvI bhArata kI pravRtti thI hI nahIM / 6. sUtra naM. 8.1.254 meM rakAra ke lakAra meM badalane vAle lagabhaga 25 udAharaNa vRtti meM diye gaye haiM / anta meM kahA gayA hai| A duvAsaGge ityAdyapi / azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM duvADasa aura duvALasa ( dvAdaza) zabda milate haiM / bAda meM Da aura La kAra la meM badala jAtA hai / ra ke la meM badalane kI pravRtti mahArASTrI yA 8. Ibid. p. 271 9. Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, R. Pischel, para. 202.

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke.Ara candra zaurasenI prAkRta kI nahIM hai / yaha to mAgadhI kI aura pUrvI bhArata kI pravRtti hai / jo zabda udhara diye gaye haiM ve prAyaH ardhamAgadhI se hI anya prAkRtoM meM pracalita hone kI adhika saMbhAvanA hai / 7 sUtra naM. 8.1.27 kI vRtti meM maNosilA (manaHzilA) aura aimuttayaM (atimuktakam ) ArSa ke lie diye gaye haiM jabaki prAkRta ke lie maNasilA aura aimuMtaya diye gaye haiM / saMyukta ke samIkaraNa ke badale - unameM se eka vyaMjana kA anusvAra meM badalane kI pravRtti bAda kI mAnI jAtI hai (maNassilA ---- mnnsilaa)| 8. sUtra naM. 8.2.17 meM kSa = ccha samajhAyA gayA hai / vRtti meM kahA gayA hai ArSe ikkhU , khIraM, sArikkhamityAdyapi dRzyante / arthAt kSa kA kkha bhI hotA hai / azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM yaha pUrvI kSetra kI pravRtti hai / anya kSetroM meM ccha milatA hai / bAdameM kSa kA sabhI jagaha ccha aura kkha eka sAtha milatA hai (meheNDale, pR. 217 ) / 9. sUtra naM. 81.57 kI vRtti me 'ArSe purekamma' kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai / yaha as = e yAni puraH = pure hai / isI taraha hI. aH = e kI pravRtti pUrvI bhArata kI rahI hai / azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM prathamA e. va. ke alAvA SaSThI evaM paMcamI e. va. ke vyaMjanAMta zabdoM meM akArAnta ke bAda anta meM visarga AtA hai vahA~ para -e bhI milatA hai / isibhAsiyAI meM nAmate (nAmataH) prayoga milatA hai (adhyAya 22 aura 31) / ___10. akArAnta puM. pra. e. va. kI -e vibhakti (sUtra 8.4 287 kI vRtti ke anusAra) ardhamAgadhI bhASA kI pramukha lAkSaNikatA hai jo. ' pUrvI bhArata kI bhASAkIya vizeSatA rahI hai /

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AcArya zrI hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA 11. brU dhAtu ke rUpa :abavI (abravIt ) bhUtakAla ke -sI, -hI, -hIa pratyaya dete samaya vRtti meM ArSa ke lie 'abbavI' rUpa diyA hai -ArSe devindo iNamabbavI ( 8.3.162 kI vRtti) / varta. kAla ke bemi (babImi) kA udAharaNa svarANAM svarAH (8.4.238) ke sUtra kI vRtti meM diyA gayA hai (ArSe bemi) / ye donoM rUpa ati prAcIna haiM aura prAcInatama prAkRta sAhitya meM hI prAyaH milate haiM10 / paravartI prAkRta sAhitya meM aise rUpa nahIM milege / prAcIna pAli meM bhI aise hI prayoga milate haiM / 12. sUtra naM. 8.1.206 meM (ka. bhU. kRdanta pratyaya) -ta kA -Da honA samajhAte samaya vRtti meM kahA gayA hai ArSe kRta kA kaDa. ho jAtA hai, dukkaDaM, sukaDaM, AhaDaM, avahaDaM / yaha pravRtti bhI azoka kAlIna zilAlekhoM meM milatI haikRta = kaTa / isI Ta kA bAda meM ghoSa hokara Da bana gayA hai| 13. saMbaMdhaka bhUtakRdanta ke udAharaNa dete samaya sUtra naM.. 8.2.146 kI vRtti meM kahA gayA hai kaTu iti tu ArSe, arthAt -TTu pratyaya / yaha vizeSatA azoka kAlIna pUrvI kSetra kI hai| anya kSetroM meM 'tu' pratyaya milatA hai / ina sabhI vizeSatAoM ko sUtrabaddha karake kyA anya prAkRtoM kI taraha unheM eka jagaha vyavasthita nahIM rakhA jA sakatA thA jabaki 10. Ibid. 515 11. Geiger : Pali Literature and Language, No 159 IV...

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-76 prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM ke.Ara.candra anya prAkRtoM kI ekala dokala vizeSatAe~ bhI sUtrabaddha karake samajhAyI gayI haiM / udAharaNArtha :(a) zaurasenI ke lie : (1) pUrvasya puravaH 4.4.270 // pUrva zabda kA purava // (2) ktvA iya dUNau 8.4 271 / / saM. bhU. kR. ke iya evaM dUNa pratyaya / / (ba) mAgadhI ke lie : (1) vrajo jaH 8.4.294 ___mAgadhyAM vraje: jakArassa jo bhavati // vaAdi / (2) tiSThaH ciSThaH 8.4 298 || ciSThadi / / (3) ahaM vayamoH hage 8 4301 aham aura vayam kA hage hotA hai / (ka) paizAcI ke lie : hRdaye yasya paH // hitapakaM / / 8.4.310 // prAkRta ke lie :(1) kirAte caH 4.1.183 / / cilAo // (2) zaGkhale khaH kaH 8.1.189 / / saGkalaM // (3) chAge laH 8.1.191 / / chAlo, chAlI / / (4) sphaTike la: 8.1.197 // phaliho / (5) kakude haH 8.1.225 / / kauhaM // (6) bhramare so vA 8.1.244 / / bhasalo // (7) yaSTyAM laH 8.1.247 / / laTThI // ArSa bhASA ke unhoMne jitane mI udAharaNa diye haiM una saba

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AcArya zrI hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke lie alaga alaga sUtra banAne ke lie unake pAsa kAphI sAmagrI thI / isake alAvA prAraMbhika na = na ke lie bhI savizeSa kaha sakate the aura jJa, nna, nya = nna ke bAre meM bhI sUtra de sakate the jaisA ki unhoMne mAgadhI ke lie sUtra (8.4 293) diyA hai / ye saba prAcIna pravRtti ke antargata Ate haiM / una saba kA mUrdhanya Na yA paNa honA bAda ke kAla kI pravRtti hai / AcArya zrI hemacandra ke hI vyAkaraNa-grantha meM vibhinna sthaloM para (caturtha adhyAya ke dhAtvAdeza) ko chor3akara) jo udAharaNa diye haiM unameM zabda ke prAraMbha meM nakAra 8 bAra aura NakAra eka bAra yAni 8:1 ke anupAta meM milatA hai arthAt prAraMbhika nakAra kA prAyaH nakAra hI milatA hai / usI prakAra jJa, nna, nya kA nna adhika bAra aura praNa kama bAra milatA hai / isI prakAra ka-varga evaM ca-varga ke anunAsika vyaMjana svavarga ke vyaMjanoM ke sAtha prayukta ho sakate haiM aisA mI sUtra banAyA jA. sakatA thA / / apane vyAkaraNa ke prathama sUtra kI vRtti meM ve kahate haiM ki anunAsika saMyukta rUpa meM Ate hI haiM aura punaH 8.1.30 meM aisA Adeza hai ki saMyukta rUpa meM Ane para unakA vikalpa se anusvAra ho jAtA hai / isa sUtra ke bAvajUda bhI unake vyAkaraNa graMtha meM jitane bhI prayoga haiM una saba meM adhikatara ye anunAsika vyaMjana hI prayukta haiM na ki unake badale meM anusvAra / . amuka vizeSatAoM kA ullekha hI nahIM ardhamAgadhI kI jina jina vizeSatAoM kA AcArya zrI hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM ullekha hI nahIM huA hai. ve isa prakAra haiM / inameM

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.78 prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke.Ara candra se kucha to bahupracalita haiM aura kucha kabhI kabhI kahIM para prAcInatA ke rUpa meM baca gayI haiM / a. bahu-pracalita (1) saptamI eka vacana kI vibhakti-aMsi : udAharaNa-nayaraMsi, logaMsi, rAyahANisi (2) hetvarthaka kRdanta kA pratyaya-ittae (3) caturthI vibhakti (puM. akArAnta e. va. kI) Ae (4) saMbaMdhaka bhUtakRdanta pratyaya - iyA, - iyANa,-iyANaM, -ittANaM (8.2.146) -ccA pratyaya kA saM. bhU. kR. ke anya kRdantoM ke sAtha ullekha nahIM huA hai / hA~ tva = 1ca ke prasaMga para . avazya diyA gayA hai (8.2.15 seoccA, bhoccA, NaccA) paraMtu-ccANaM kA ullekha nahIM hai / kvacit prApta [i ] akasmA yA akasmAt ke prayoga, [ ii] ta zruti ke viSaya meM, [ili] madhyavartI ta aura tha ke badale meM kramazaH da aura gha ke prayoga, [ iv ] tR. ba. ba. kI vibhakti-bhi, [v] sArvanAmika saptamI eka vacana kI vibhakti-mhi, [ vi] strIliMgI eka vacana kI vibhaktiyA~-ya, -yA aura -ye [vii] vartamAna kRdanta kA pratyaya-mIna aura viii] bhUtakAla kA tR. pu e. va. kA pratyaya -i /

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AcArya zrI hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA ina biziSTatAoM meM ta aura tha ke badale meM da aura dha ke prayoga mAgadhI aura zaurasenI ke avazya haiM paraMtu aise prayoga kabhI kabhI pAli meM milate haiM aura prAcIna zilAlekhoM meM milate haiM / --bhi vibhakti pAli ke prAcIna sAhitya meM milatI hai| strIliMga kI - ya, yA aura ye vibhaktiyA~ prAcIna zilAlekhoM aura pAli bhASA meM milatI haiM / vartamAna kRdanta - mIna azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM mila rahA hai / bhUtakAla kA - ipratyaya pAli bhASA meM milatA hai aura 'isimAsiyAI ' meM bhI / ye saba vizeSatAe~ ardhamAgadhI ke prAcIna sAhitya meM kisI na kisI taraha baca gayIM kyoMki arva bhAgadhI sAhitya kA prAraMbhika -kAla to utanA hA purAnA hai jitanA pAli kA aura usa sAhitya ke sarjana kA pradeza bhI pUrva bhArata hI rahA hai jahA~ bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aura bhagavAna buddha ne upadeza diye the aura usI pradeza meM azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI aisI pravRttiyA~ milatI haiM / ataH ina prAcIna tathyoM ko dhyAna meM lenA isalie mahattvapUrNa hai ki inase ardhamAgadhI kI mAgadhI bhASA ke jitanI hI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai / 79

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5. prAcIna ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kI mukhya lAkSaNikatAe~ ardhamAgadha deza kI jo bhASA thI yA jisa bhASA meM Adhe mAgadhI bhASA ke lakSaNa the use ardhamAgadhI bhASA kI saMjJA dI gayI hai / isa paraMparA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue prAkRta vyAkaraNa, prAcIna pAli sAhitya, prAcIna zilAlekhoM, prAcIna ardhamAgadhI sAhitya, Agama sAhitya kI hastapratoM, cUrNI Adi meM upalabdha prAcIna prayogoM ke AdhAra se mUla ardhamAgadhI kI apanI vizeSatAe~ nizcita kI jA sakatI haiM jo ardhamAgadhI sAhitya ke prAcIna aMzAM (viSaya-vastu, zailI evaM chanda ke AdhAra se nirdhArita) ke sampAdana meM patha-pradarzaka bana sakatI haiM / apanI alpajJa mati ke anusAra una lAkSaNikatAoM ko isa prakAra darzAyA jA sakatA hai : 1. yakAra se prAraMbha honevAle avyayoM meM yadi ya ke badale meM a mile to use prAthamikatA dI jAnI cAhie / 2. madhyavartI alpaprANa vyaMjanoM kA mahArASTrI prAkRta kI taraha prAyaH lopa nahIM kiyA jAnA cAhie / (svara pradhAna pATha geya hone ke kAraNa madhyavartI vyaMjanoM ke lopa kI pravRtti ko puSTi milI hai isa tathya ko nakArA nahIM jA sakatA) / 3. madhyavartI mahAprANa vyaMjanoM ke badale meM prAyaH ha hI apanAyA jAnA cAhie yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai / 4. madhyavartI ka yA usake badale me ga ko aura mUla ga ko yathAvat rakhane meM prAthamikatA milanI cAhie / 5. madhyavartI ta ko sarvatra ta zruti mAnakara usakA lopa nahIM kiyA jAnA cAhie kyoMki ta zruti kA lekhana meM pracalana bahuta bAdakA hai /

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AcArya zrI hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA 81 6. madhyavartI ta aura tha kA kramazaH kabhI da aura dha mile to use prAcInatA kA lakSaNa mAnA jAnA cAhie / kabhI kabhI da kA ta mile to use bhI prAcIna aura usake lopa ke pahale kI avasthA mAnI jAnI cAhie / 7. kabhI kabhI pAli kI taraha La mile to use Da meM badalane kA niyama nahIM honA cAhie (dekhie AcArya zrI hemacanda dvArA diyA gayA uddharaNa, sUtra naM. 8.1.7 kI vRtti meM 'kaLabha' zabda aura pizala (304,379) dvArA diye gaye udAharaNa, lelu, lelusi) / ardhamAgadhI meM prayukta kILa, kheLa, chaLa, NaLADa, taLAga, taLAva, tALa, dohaLa, pILa, phaLiha, phALiya, veLu, soLasa, Adi zabdoM ke lie dekhie pizala kI zabda-sUcI / 8. prAraMbhika dantya nakAra ko prAthamikatA denI cAhie aura avyaya * na kA nakAra hI rakhA jAnA cAhie (jaisI ki zubiMga mahodaya kI paddhati rahI hai) / 9. kabhI kabhI madhyavartI dantya na mile to usakA sarvatra Na banAnA jarUrI nahIM samajhA jAnA cAhie / 10. rakAra kA lakAra mile to surakSita rakhanA cAhie / __11. saMyukta vyaMjanoM meM samIkaraNa ke badale svarabhakti kA pATha mile to use prAthamikatA dI jAnI cAhie, jaise-dravya = daviya, nitya = nitiya, tathya = sathiya, agni = agaNi, uSNa = usiNa / 12. Ga aura J ko sajAtIya vyaMjanoM ke sAtha saMyukta rUpa meM yathAvat rakhA jAnA cAhie (unheM anusvAra meM sarvatra badalane kI paddhati para bhAra nahIM diyA jAnA cAhie) jaisI zubriga mahodaya kI paddhati hai /

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke.Ara.candra __13. saMyukta Ja mile to use tyAjya nahIM mAnA jAnA caahie| ___14. saMyukta vyaMjana jJa, nna aura nya kA zubiMga mahodaya kI taraha nna kiyA jAnA cAhie / Nya aura f kA nna meM parivartana bhI azoka kAlIna pUrvI bhArata kI vizeSatA rahI hai| 15. arhat kA arahA yA arahanta, Atman kA attA yA AtA, kSetrajJa kA khettanna aura akasmAt ye saba prAcIna rUpa haiM ataH aise rUpoM ko prAthamikatA dI jAnI cAhie / 16. puras kA pure kI taraha adhas kA adhe rUpa mile to use rakhA jAnA cAhie / 17. akArAnta puMliMga prathamA ekavacana kI -e vibhakti yadi mile to badale meM-o nahIM kI jAnI cAhie / 18. napuMsakaliMgI zabdoM meM prathamA evaM dvitIyA ke bahuvacana meM yadi - Ni vibhakti mile to rakhI jAnI cAhie / 19. vyaMjanAnta zabdoM ke tR. e. va. kI prAcIna vibhaktivAle rUpa mile aura kabhI kabhI svarAnta zabdoM ke lie yadi - sA pratyaya mile to rakhA jAnA cAhira (jaise - kAyasA, pannasA) / 20. tR. ba. va. kI vibhakti-bhi mile to-hi meM nahIM badalI jAnI cAhie (jaise - thIbhi, psuubhi)| 21. akArAnta puliMga zabdoM me caturthI e. va. ke lie prayukta -Aya yA -Ae vibhakti ko badalanA nahIM cAhie / 22. akArAnta nAmika aura sArvanAmika rUpoM meM paMcamI meM jahA~ anta meM -aH (arthAt mAtra visarga) AtA hai vahA~ - o ke badale meM yadi - e mile to use badalA nahIM jAnA cAhie / azoka ke pUrvI

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AcArya zrI hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA 83 pradeza ke zilAlekhoM kI yaha eka lAkSaNikatA hai / isI niyama se 'ne' = (naH = asmAkam ) ko 'no' meM nahIM badalanA cAhie / 23. usI taraha paMcamI eka vacana meM kriyAvizeSaNa ke lie vyaMjanAnta zabdoM kA purAnA rUpa mile to rakhA jAnA cAhie (jaise - padiso ), tR. e. va. ke artha meM jaise -- kamaso aura kharAnta zabdoM meM - so vibhakti vAlA rUpa, jaise- savvaso, ityAdi / 24. paMcamI eka vacana kI aitihAsika vibhakti - mhA mile to rakhI jAnI cAhie / 25. strIliMgI zabdoM meM tRtIyA se saptamI taka eka vacana kI vibhaktiyA~ -ya, yA, ye (athavA - i aura - A bhI) ko mAtra pAli kI vibhaktiyA~ mAnakara unheM tyAjya nahIM samajhA jAnA cAhie / 26. vartamAna kRdanta ke puM. SaSThI e. va. ke rUpa ke anta meM Ane vAlA - to yA - o surakSita rakhA jAnA cAhie / 27. saptamI eka vacana kI vibhinna aitihAsika vibhaktiyA~ - hiMsa, risa, smi, smi, hiM yA mhi mile to unheM surakSita rakhanA cAhie ( sa aura ma kI Apasa kI bhrAnti mAtra hastapratoM meM hI nahIM paraMtu zilAlekhoM meM bhI dekhane ko milatI hai, isI kAraNa kabhI kabhI - siyA - aMsa kA -miyA - ami ho jAne ke udAharaNa haiM / 28. varta. kAla tR. pu. e. va. kA pratyaya - ti mile to use - i meM nahIM badalanA cAhie / - use -ti, yA -i athavA 30. vidhiliGga ke se prAcIna haiM ataH unheM prAthamikatA dI jAnI cAhie / 29. tR. pu. e. va. AtmanepadI tI, yA - e aura -yA pratyaya pratyaya - te (-e) mile to . I meM nahIM badalanA cAhie / - - -- jja aura -jjA --

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke. Ara.candra 31. bhUtakAla ke bace hue prAcIna pratyayoM jaise ki --si, -sI, -I, I; -tthA, -ityA; -u, -U; -ssa, - aMsu, -iMsu ko surakSita rakhA jAnA cAhie / 32. RkAra vAle dhAtuoM aura kucha anya dhAtuoM ke karmaNi bhUta kRdantoM ke rUpoM meM milane vAlA -Da pratyaya jaise ki kaDa, maDa, nivvuDa. avahaDa, gaDa ityAdi ko badalA nahIM jAnA cAhie / ___33. vartamAna kRdanta kA pratyaya -mIna mile to rakhA jAnA cAhie jaisA ki azoka ke zilAlekhAM meM milatA hai / 34. saMbaMdhaka bhUta kRdanta ke lie -ttA, -ttANaM, - ya (-iya) -yA, -yANaM, -ccA, -cANaM prAcIna pratyaya mAne gaye haiM / ___35. -ttae (-ittae) hetvarthaka kRdanta kA prAcIna pratyaya hai / 36. -bhU dhAtu ke lie bhava kA prayoga bho, hava, hA aura hu se prAcIna mAnA jAnA cAhie / 37. una una aitihAsika rUpoM ko jo prAcIna Arya bhASA (OIA) ke sAtha sambandha rakhate haiM (jinameM kabhI kabhI dhvani-parivartana bhI ho gayA ho to) cAhe ve nAmika rUpa ho, cAhe kriyAvAcI rUpa ho yA kRdanta ho unheM prAcInatA kI prAmANika sAmagrI ke * rUpa me yathAvat rakhA jAnA cAhie /

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6. 'kSatrajJa' zabda kA ardhamAgadhI rUpa* __ AcArAMga' ke prathama zrutaskaMdha meM kSetrajJa' zabda ke prAkRta rUpoM kA 16 bAra prayoga huA hai [sUtra saM. 32 (47; 79 (1); (88) (1). 104 (1); 109 (5); 132 (1), 176 (1); 209 (1); 210 (1)] jo vividha saMskaraNoM meM isa prakAra upalabdha ho rahe haiM :a. (1) zubiMga mahodaya ke saMskaraNa meM mAtra kheyanna / (2) Agamodaya samiti ke saMskaraNa meM kheyanna 9 bAra aura kheyaNNa 7 baar| (3) jaina vizva bhAratI ke saMskaraNa meM kheyanna 1 bAra aura kheyaNNa 15 baar| (4) mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya ke saMskaraNa meM kheyaNNa 2 bAra, khetaNNa 6 bAra aura khettaNNa 8 bAra / ba. pAThAntara - (1) zubiMga mahodaya ke saMskaraNa meM sirpha eka hI pAThAntara hai khettanna (cUrNi se 3 bAra aura 'jI' saMjJaka prata se 5 bAra ) / (2) Agamodaya samiti ke saMskaraNa meM koI pAThAntara nahIM hai / (3) jaina vizva-bhAratI ke saMskaraNa meM do pAThAntara milate haiM khettanna ( 'ca' saMjJaka prata se ) aura khettaNNa (cUrNi se) / 'zramaNa', pA. vi. zeo. sa. vAraNasI, akTU-disa, 1980 meM prakAzita yaha lekha sAbhAra idhara prastuta kiyA gayA hai / 1. mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya saskaraNa, sa. muni jaMbUvijaya, I0 san 1977

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86 prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ ke. Ara candra0 ( 4 ) mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya ke saMskaraNa meM pAThAntaroM kI saMkhyA 5 hai - 1. khittaNNa, 2. khedanna, 3. khedaNNa, 4. kheyanna aura 5. kheanna / isa saMskaraNa meM 'khettanna' pAThAntara kA kahIM para bhI ullekha nahIM honA eka Azcarya kI bAta hai, jabaki zukriMga mahodaya ko tADapatra kI eka prata meM aura cUrNi meM khettanna pATha milA hai / sa. kSetrajJa zabda ke lie prAkRta meM (dhvani - parivartana vAle) jo alaga alaga zabda apanAye gaye haiM ve isa prakAra haiM (1) kheyanna, kheyaNNa, khetaNNa, khettaNNa ina cAroM pAThoM ko vibhinna saMpAdakoM ne samAna rUpa se nahIM apanAyA hai / (2) uparokta saMskaraNoM ke pAThAntaroM meM jo rUpa milate haiM ve isa prakAra haiM- khettanna aura Upara ba ( 4 ) meM diye gaye pA~ca rUpa khittaNNa, khedanna, khedaNNa, kheyanna aura anna / (3) arthAt kula nau rUpa milate haiM jo nimna prakAra se cAra vibhAgoM meM rakhe jA sakate haiM : [ a ] kheyanna, kheanna (nna); jJa = nna [ba] khetaNNa, kheyaNNa (NNa ); jJa = NNa [sa] khettanna, khettaNNa, khittaNNa (tta); tra = ta [da] khedanna, khedaNNa (da); tra = ta = da [ka] amuka rUpoM meM ta = da = a = ya

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kSetrajJa zabda ko ardhamAgadhI rUpa da. (1) 'kSetrajJa' zabda saMskRta sAhitya meM milatA hai aura usake artha isa prakAra diye gaye haiMkSetra kA jAnakAra, khetI kA jAnakAra, nipuNa, kuzala, AtmajJa, sva-caitanyajJa / (2) pAiyasadamahaNNavo meM khayanna aura kheaNNa kA saMskRta rUpa khedajJa diyA gayA hai aura usake ye artha diye gae haiM catura, jAnakAra, nipuNa, kuzala / anya prAkRta rUpa jo Upara darzAye gaye haiM unakA ullekha isa koza meM nahIM hai / (3) Agama zabda-koza, aMgasuttANi, jaina vizva bhAratI saMskaraNa meM khettaNNa aura kheyaNNa donoM zabda saMskRta rUpAntara kSetra ke _ sAtha diye gaye haiM / ka. isa zabda ke viSaya meM cUrNikAra kahate haiM--khittaM jANati khittaNNA / khitaM AgAsa, khittaM jANatIti khittaNNo, taM tu AhArabhUtaM davvakAlabhAvANaM amuttaM ca pavuccati / muttAmuttANi khittaM ca jANato pAeNa davvAdINi jANai / jo vA saMsAriyANi dukkhANi jANati so khittaNNe paMDito vA / 1. (a) Sanskrit Dictionary by Monier Williams : knowing localities, familiar with the cultivation of soil, clever, skilful. dexterous, cunning, .. knowing the body i. e. the soul, the conscious principle. etc. (b| kSetrajJa -AtmA (kSetrajJa AtmA puruSaH) amarakoSaH-1/4/29. 3/3/33/ 2. isI lekha ke vibhAga va 13) meM 'khettaNNa' zabda pATAntara meM AtA hai / 3. AcAraMgasuttaM, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, pR0 26, TippaNa: ; pR0 39, Ti0 10.

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88 prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke Ara.candra kha. AcArAMga ke TIkAkAra kSetrajJa kA adhikatara 'khedajJa' se hI artha samajhAte haiM.-nipuNa ke sAtha abhyAsa, zrama Adi artha bhI diye gaye haiM ( Agamo. pR0 124) / kabhI-kabhI kSetrajJa kA artha nipuNatA bhI samajhAte haiM / zIlAMkAcArya (sU0 132 para TIkA ) khedajJa kA artha isa prakAra karate haiM-jantu duHkhaparicchettabhiH / vAstava meM mUla zabda to 'kSetrajJa' hI thA lekina bAda meM badalakara 'khedajJa' bhI bana gayA / vaise prAkRta zabda 'khedaNNa' auda 'khedanna' kAgaja kI pratoM meM hI adhikatara milate haiM / ga. mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya ke saMskaraNa meM kSetrajJa zabda ke lie jo prAkRta rUpa (pATha) svIkRta kiyA gayA hai aura vibhinna pratoM ( tADapatra aura kAgaja) se usake jo pAThAntara diye gaye haiM ve isa prakAra haiMsvIkRta pATha pAThAntara aura prata-paricaya (AdhArabhUta prata evaM sUtra saM0 ) . 1. khettaNNa0 32 khaM. i0 cU0 khetaNNa0 sa, he0 1, 2 kheyanna, kheanna (anyatra) 2. khettaNNa-32 i0 cU0 kheyanna, kheanna (anyatra) 3. khettaNNa-32 i0 c0 khetaNNa saM, khaM, he0 1,2 kheyanna, kheanna (anyatra) 4, khettaNNa-23 i0 c0 kheanna he0 3, lA0 jai,khetaNNa (anyatra) 1. vahI, pR0 26, Ti. 4, pR. 39 Ti0 10 he0 1, 2, 3 aura lA. saMjJaka prtiyaa)|

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kSetra zabda kA ardhamAgadhI rUpa ___ 89 5. khettaNNa, 79 zAM. bAM0 cU0 khetaNNa kha, jai, kheyaNNa saM, he01, __2, 3, lA0 3, i, c0 6 khettaNNa 104 (sarvatra) yahA~ para caNi meM khetaNNa pATha (pR0 100 paMkti 1) 7. khetaNNa 176 kha0 khetaNNa khe, jai, i, kheyaNNa (anyatra) 8. khettaNNa 210 khaM0 khetaNNa khe, jai, kheyaNNa (anyatra) 9. khetaNNa 132 (anyatra) kheaNNa saM, khedaNNa he0 1, 2,3 lA0 khittaNNa ca. 10. khetaNNa 209 , khe, jai0 kheyaNNa (anyatra) 11. khelaNNa 109 (anyatra) khettaNNa khaM, kheyaNNa he0 1,2,3 i, zAM. 12. khetaNNa 109 c0 (1) zveyaNNa zAM, khe0 jai0 lA, i0 he0 1, 2, 3, khedaNNa saM0 kha0 13. khetaNNa 109 (anyatra) khedaNNa khaM0 14. khetaNNa 109 (anyatra) kheyaNNa zAM, he0 2, 3, lA030 khettaNNa cU0 15. kheyaSNa 88 (aspaSTa) khittaNNa cU0, khedanna kheyanna (pratyayAntare) 16. kheyaNNa 109 khemU0 cU0 vinA kheyanna he !, 2, 3 lA, jai,i0 ca, saMpAdakoM dvArA kiye gaye pAThoM kI pasaMdagI yA cunAva para eka samAlocanAtmaka dRSTipAta -

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prAcIna adhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke.Ara.candraH (1) zubiMga mahodaya kI apanI eka vizeSatA rahI hai ki jina pAThAntaroM ko ve apane siddhAnta ke anukUla nahIM mAnate haiM ese pAThAntaroM kA ve ullekha nahIM karate haiN| ata: unake sAmane kauna-kauna se aura bhI pAThAntara rahe hoMge unake bAre meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA jaba taka unake dvArA upayoga meM lAyI gayI sAmagrI kA punarAvalokana nahIM kiyA jAya / unhoMne mAtra eka hI pAThAntara khettanna' diyA hai aura use nahIM apanAkara 'kheyanna' ko hI saba jagaha apanAyA hai / 'jJa' ke. lie 'na' ko aura 'tra' ke lie 'tta' yA 'ta' ke badale meM 'ya' ko sthAna diyA hai / saMskRta rUpAntaroM ke rUpa meM kSetrajJa aura khedajJa donoM zabdoM kA ullekha unhoMne TippaNiyoM meM kiyA haiM / ca. 'kSetrajJa' zabda ke dhvani sambandhI aneka prAkRta rUpAntaroM ko aiti hAsika vikAsa kI dRSTi se nimna prakAra se samajhAyA jA sakatA kSetrajJa = khettA -khettanna-khetanna-khedanna (khedaNNa)-kheyanna-kheyaNNa / (1) khettA -pAli, mAgadhI aura paizAcI (kI avasthA) kA zabda (bhASA vizeSa kI dRSTi se)| pradeza kI dRSTi se pazcima, uttara-pazcima aura dakSiNa meM prayoga (azokakAlIna zilAlekhoM ke anusAra) / (2) khettanna-pUrvI pradeza kI lAkSaNikatA (azoka ke zilAlekhoM ke anusAra) / jaina AgamoM kI prathama vAcanA kA sthala pUrva bhArata meM pATaliputra hI thA yaha eka mahattva kA muddA hai / (3) khetana-mUla khettanna zabda khetanna meM badala gayA kyoMki dIrgha mAtrA ke bAda AnevAle saMyukta vyaMjanoM meM se eka kA vaikalpika lopa prAkRta bhASA ko mAnya hai / /

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kSetrajJa zabda kA ardhamAgadhI rUpa . (4) khedanna-magadhadeza (pUrva) se uttara-pazcima kI ora prayANa (dharma kA prasAra) karane para (mathurA-zUrasena pradeza meM) ta kAra kA da. kAra ho gayA aura khetanna zabda khedanna meM badala gayA / jaina Agamo kI dvitIya vAcanA kA sthala mathurA thA aura zaurasenI meM ta kA da hotA hai| (5) kheyaNNa--punaH pazcimI pradeza (gujarAta-saurASTra) kI ora prasthAna karane para khedanna zabda kA parivartana kheyaNNa meM ho gayA (madhya-vartI alpaprANa kA lopa, ya zruti aura tAlavya na kA mUrdhanya Na meM parivartana) / jaina AgamoM kI antima vAcanA kA sthala valabhI (gujarAta) thaa| isa taraha madhyavartI alpaprANa vyaMjana kA lopa (aura ya zruti), tathA na kA Na meM parivartana paravartI kAla kI aura vizeSataH isI kSetra (pazcimI) kI pravRttiyA~ mAnI gayI haiM jo kAla aura kSetra kI dRSTi se (zilAlekhoM ke pramANoM para AdhArita) bilakula upayukta haiM / / isa prakAra prAcIna prAkRta zabda 'khettanna' (pUrvI bhArata meM-magadha deza kA prAcIna rUpa) paravartI kAla ke prabhAva meM Akara (pazcima bhArata meM) bhale hI 'kheyaNNa' meM badala gayA ho aura paravartI kAla kI pratoM meM 'kheyaNNa' pATha adhikatara milatA ho taba bhI mUla aura prAcIna zabda 'khettanna' hI hai jo jaina Agama granthoM meM prayukta honA cAhie thA / / isa dRSTi se zubiMga mahodaya dvArA apanAyA gayA 'kheyanna' zabdapATha bhI ucita nahIM ThaharatA aura na hI anya sampAdakoM kA 'kheyaNNa' zabda-pATha / cUrNi ke pAThoM meM tta ke sthAna para kvacit hI ya milatA hai jo vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya muddA hai / 1. mulagraMtha kI pratiyoM meM aura cI meM aise pAThAntara bhI mila rahe haiM taba una prAcIna pAThoM ko prAthamikatA kyoM nahIM dI jAnI cAhie /

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM ke.Ara.candra prAkRta meM hone vAle dhvani-parivartanoM ke kAraNa jaba yaha zabda 'khetanna' se 'khedanna' yA 'khedaNNa' (ta = da, na = Na) kI avasthA se gujarA taba dhvani-parivartana-sambandhI niyama tathA mUla paramparA kI smRti ke ojhala ho jAne se usako mUlataH kheda' samajha kara usakA usa rUpa meM artha kiyA jAne lagA / jisa prakAra 'mAtra' zabda kA 'matta'='mAta='mAya' ho gayA: pAtra kA 'pAya', 'Atma' kA AttaAta-Aya' ho gayA usI prakAra 'khetta'kA 'kheya' huA hai / ataH isa zabda kA sambandha khedajJa ke sAtha jor3ane kI paramparA paravartI hai aura ucita bhI pratIta nahIM hotI / pizala ne to (176) mAtra 'kheyanna' zabda hI diyA hai aura usakA sa skRta rUpAntara bhI 'khedajJa' hI diyA hai jabaki usI sthala para 'mAyanna' kA rUpAntara 'mAtrajJa' (saMskRta) diyA hai / isa sampUrNa anveSaNa aura vizleSaNa kA sAra yahI hai ki ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM mUlataH khettanna zabda hI thA jo 'kSetrajJa' arthAt AtmajJa ke sAtha sambandhita thA, na ki 'khedajJa' ke sAtha jo paravartI kAla kI dena hai / badalatI huI prAkRta bhASA kI dhvani-parivartana kI pravRti ke prabhAva meM Akara khettanna zabda ne kAlAnukrama se aneka raMga badale yA aneka rUpa dhAraNa kiye aura ve sabhI rUpAntara AcArAMga ke alaga alaga saMskaraNo meM hameM Aja bhI mila rahe haiM / kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki AgA ke naye saMskaraNa meM 'khettanna' pATha hI ucita, prAcIna aura yathAyogya mAnA jAnA caahie| isa prakAra kAla aura kSetra kI dRSTi se zabda ke aneka rUpAntara hue aura ve alaga alaga pratiyoM meM aura unameM bhI alaga-alaga rUpa meM ___ 1. saMskRta aura pAli kozoM meM 'khedajJa' jaisA koI zabda nahIM milatA hai /

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kSetrajJa zabda kA ardhamAgadhI rUpa tIna staroM meM upalabdha ho rahe haiM / ina sabakA kAraNa hai vividha kAla meM sthAnika pracalana (upayoga) kI bhASA kA prabhAva / yadi yaha zabda bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukha se nikalA ho athavA unake gaNadharoM ne ise bhASAkIya rUpa diyA ho athavA pATaliputra kI prathama vAcanA (jaina AgamoM kI) kA yaha pATha ho taba to pUrvI kSetra ke zilAlekhIya pramANoM ke anusAra 'khettanna' zabda hI maulika evaM upayukta mAnA jAnA cAhie / agara yaha mAnya nahIM ho to mathurA kI dUsarI vAcanA kA zabda (zaurasenI rUpa) khedanna yA khedaNNa hI upayukta ho sakatA hai / yadi yaha bhI mAnya nahIM ho to tIsarI vAcanA arthAt valabhI kA zabda kheyaNNa hI mAnA jAnA cAhie / isa taraha to phalita yahI hogA ki pU0 devardhigaNi ne AgamoM kI racanA kI hai aura unakI bhASA meM mAgadhI prAkRta ke sthAna para mahArASTrI prAkRta kA hI prabhutva hai / parantu prazna yaha hai ki eka kAla kI kisI bhI racanA meM pUrvavartI kAla ke alaga alaga vartanI vAle zabda kaise A sakate haiM / isakA samAdhAna yahI ho sakatA hai ki yadi prastuta grantha kI racanA prAcIna hai aura vaha pUrvI pradeza (magadha deza) kI hai taba to mAtra 'khettanna' zabda-rUpa hI upayukta mAnA jAnA cAhie aura usI zabda kA prayoga AcArAMga meM sarvatra kiyA jAnA cAhie / bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra aura aitihAsika vikAsa kI dRSTi se yahI nirNaya upayukta ThaharatA hai / yogAnuyoga kaisA pramANa mila rahA hai ki sUtrakRtAMga (ma. jai. vi.) ke dvitIya zruta-skaMdha meM 'akhettaNNa' (642), 'khetanna' (680) aura 'akhettanna' (641) mudrita pATha mila rahe haiM / kyA antima pATha 'khettanna' zabda kI hI puSTi nahIM karatA hai ?

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7. AcArAMga ke upodghAta ke vAkya kA pATha pU. gaNadhara zrI sudharmAsvAmIne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mukha se jo upadeza sune unheM apane ziSya jambUsvAmI ko hastAntarita karate (maukhika paramparA se) hue ve pharamAte haiM (AcArAMga, prathama zruta-skaMdha, prathama adhyayana, prathama uddezaka kA prAraMbha) :- 'suyaM me Ausa ! teNaM (teNI kA pAThAntara bhI) bhagavayA evamakkhAya....." - isa upodghAta ke vAkyameM saMdarbha kI dRSTi se do zabda 'Ausa' aura 'teNaM' tathA bhASAkIya dRSTi se tIna zabda 'suya' 'bhagavayA' aura 'akkhAyaM' para vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / . yadi yaha vAkya kathanakI eka praNAlI prasthApita karane ke lie sudharmA svAmI ke bAda bahuta lambe arse ke pazcAt jor3A gayA ho taba to isake bAremeM kucha bhI kahane ko nahIM raha jAtA paraMtu AgamoM kI prathama vAcanA (yAni cauthI zatAbdI I. sa. pUrva ) se hI yadi . yaha vAkya vidyamAna thA taba to avazya vicAraNIya bana jAtA hai| . sudharmA svAmI , bha. mahAvIra ke ziSya the aura jambUsvAmI sudharmA svAmI ke / bha. mahAvIra sudharmAsvAmI ke lie samaya kI dRSTi se bahuta dUra ke upadezaka guru nahIM the isalie unheM bha. . mahAvIra ke lie aisA prayoga karanA , par3e ki usa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne (teNaM bhagavayA) aisA kahA / antarAlake varSoM kI avadhi adhika hotI aura koI ghaTanA bahuta purAnI hotI taba to aisA prayoga ucita lAtA 1. isa dRSTi se vicAra karane ke lie pro. ema. e. DhAkI, banArasa kA maiM AbhArI hU~ /

Page #118
AcArAMga ke upodghAta ke vAkya kA pATha anyathA yaha prayoga yogya nahIM lagatA hai / AcArAMga ke TIkAkAra bhI isa prayoga ke bAre meM eka mata nahIM haiM / cUrNIkAra (1 - 9) 'AusaM teNa' ke sthAna para 'AusaMteNa ' pAThakI bhI saMbhAvanA karate haiM aura likhate haiM - ahavA AusaMteNa, jIvatA kahitaM athavA AusaMteNa gurukulavAsaM ahavA AusaMteNa sAmipAdA vijayapuvvo sissAyariyakamo darisio hoi AvasaMta Ausa taggahaNeNa / 1 zIlAMkAcArya (pR. 11 ) 'zrutaM mayA AyuSman' kA artha samajhAte hue batalAte haiM - ' mayeti sAkSAnna punaH pAramparyeNa' yAni maiMne sAkSAt rUpa se na ki paramparA se sunA / Age punaH ve kahate haiM- 'yadi vA AmRzatA bhagavatpAdAravindam .. AvasatA vA tadantika ityanena gurukulavAsaH karttavya ityAveditaM bhavati etaccArthadvayaM 'Amusa teNa Avasa' teNe' tyetatpAThAntaramAzrityAvagantavyamiti / isa prakAra samajhAyA jAne para yahI ucita lagatA hai ki sudharmAsvAmI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa rahate hue yaha upadeza sunA / isa dRSTi se 'Ausa' teNa' pATha hI upayukta lagatA hai / AcArAMga ke dvitIya zruta- skaMdha meM (ma. jai. vi) bhI aisA hI pATha milatA hai - 'suyaM meM Ausa teNa bhagavayA etramakkhAyaM ' sUtra 635 | cUrNIkA bhI yahI pATha hai aura usameM 'bhaMgavayA' ke sthAna para 'bhagavatA ' pATha hai / ( ma. jai. vi. pAda TippaNa 2 pR. 227.) 95 yogya yaha hai ki jahA~ 2. saMbodhana ke lie nIMna prakAra ke zabdarUpa milate haiM-- Ausa, Aumo aura Auna to Auso ekavacana ke lie, AusaMto bahuvacana ke lie yA sammAnArtha ekavacana ke lie / eka bAta dhyAna dene para bhI 'Ausa' kA prayoga hai usake Age te Ausa te meM se hI Ausa aura teNa paravartI kAla meM aura isa prayoga ke pahale 'surya' me' bhI milatA hai arthAt 'suya zabda " hI honA cAhie thA / milatA hai, ataH alaga ho gaye haiM me Ausa teNa "

Page #119
prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke.Ara.candraH anya saMdarbha :. kisI anya saMdarbha meM bhikSu dvArA gAthApati evaM gAthApati dvArA bhikSu ko saMbodhita karane ke lie AcArAMga ke hI prathama zruta-skaMdha ke AThaveM adhyayana meM 'Ausato' zabda ke prayoga milate haiM (Ausato gAhAvatI 8. 2. 204; 8 5. 218; AusaMto samaNA 8. 3. 211) / ina prayogoM ko dekhate hue tathA sUtrakRtAMga meM sambodhana ke lie 'Auso' kA prayoga dekhate hue (vaccagharaM ca Auso khaNAhi 1. 4. 2. 13 ) 'AusaM' kA prayoga kitanA ucita hai, yaha vicAraNIya bana jAtA hai jaba aise hI prayoga AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga meM aneka sthaloM para milate haiN| (1) AcArAMga ke prayoga (prathama zruta-skaMdha) :-AusaMto gAhAvatI 1. 8. 2. 204, AusaMto samaNA 1. 8. 3. 211 Auso 1. 8. 2 204 / isI prakAra dvitIya zruta skaMdha meM bIsoM ese prayoga (2. 1. 9. 396, 399 ityAdi) milate haiM (dekhie zabda suucii)| (2) sUtra kRtAMga ke prayoga:- Auso 1. 3. 3. 198, ahAuso 2 6. 837, ayamAuso 2. 1. 649, samaNAuso 2. 1. 644, AusaMto 27. 845, 846, 848, 851 ityAdi / Auso aura AusaMto ke. isameM bhI bIsoM prayoga milate haiM / ___ isa prakAra ke prayoga anya graMthoM meM bhI milate haiM / evAmeva samaNAuso ! je amhaM nigaMtho vaa......| (a. 4, pR 67; a. 5, pR 82; a. 7, pR 89. nAyAdhammakahAo, ena. vI. vaidy)| isibhAsiyAI ke udAharaNa- a. 10 pR. 23.5, / / (zu.) . Auso ! tetaliputtA ! ehi tA AyANAhi, pR. 23. 5. Auso ! tetaliputtA ! katto vayAmo pR. 23. 11.

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AcArAMga ke upodghAta ke vAkya kA pATha pAli tripiTaka sAhitya meM bhI sambodhana ke lie 'Avusa'3 zabda kA prayoga milatA hai / isameM 'ya' kA 'va' huA hai jaise 'Ayudha Avudha' / Avuso rUpa ba. va. Ayusmanto kA saMkucita rUpa mAnA gayA hai / niyamita rUpa Ayusmant mAnA gayA hai / aba 'surya, 'bhagavayA' aura 'akkhAya' zabdoM meM AnevAle varNa vikAroM para vicAra kiyA jAya / prathama aura tRtIya zabda bhUtakRdanta haiM tathA dvitIya zabda tRtIyA ekavacana kA rUpa hai / AcArAMga meM hI prApta honevAle isI prakAra ke prayogoM ko dekhate hue inameM jo dhvani - vikAra A gayA hai vaha upayukta nahIM lagatA / AcArAMga ke (ma. jai. vi.) prathama zruta-skaMdha ke kucha prayoga isa prakAra haiM :1 ahAsutaM vadissAmi 1. 9. 1. 254 2. (ka) bhagavatA pariNA paveditA 1. 1. 1.7; 2. 13, 3. 24; 4. 35, 5. 43; 6. 51; 7. 58 (kha) bhagavatA pavedita 1. 2 5. 89, 6. 3. 197; 8. 4. 214, 8. 5. 217; 8. 5. 219; 8. 6. 221, 2233B (ga) mAhaNeNa matImatA 1. 9. 1. 276; 9 2. 292, 9.3. 306; 9. 4.323. 3 (ka) esa maggo Ariehi pavedite 1. 2. 2. 74 (kha) muNiNA hu etaM paveditaM 1. 5. 4. 164 (ga) jaM jiNehiM pavedita 1. 5. 1. 168 (gha) paveditaM mAhaNeNaM 1. 8. 1. 202 . (Da) buddhehiM evaM paveditaM 1. 8. 2. 206 3. draSTavya : . pAle tripiTaka kankoDensa, pR. 345; mUlArAdhanA kI vijayodayATIkA meM pATha isa prakAra hai-'suda meM Aussanto ! bhagavadA evamarakhAda" .. ....: bhAcA, prastAvanA pR. 36, ma. je. vi, 1977.

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke.Ara.candra / (ca) NAyaputteNa sAhite 1. 8. 8 240 ... (cha) cariyAsaNAI ............. jAo bUitAo / Aikkhaha . taaii............|| 1. 9. 2. 277 isa prakAra 'suta, pavedita, sAhita, bUita aura bhagavatA, matImatA Adi kitane hI prayoga svayaM AcA. prathama zruta skaMdha meM hI prApta ho rahe haiM / isa dRSTi se upodghAta kA vAkya isa prakAra honA cAhie . thA .......... / - 'sutaM me AusaMteNa bhagavatA evamakkhAtaM' isI saMdarbha meM 'isibhAsiyAI' ke prayogoM para dhyAna dIjie / isibhAsiyAI graMtha zubiMga mahodaya dvArA hI saMpAdita kiyA gayA hai / usameM hareka adhyayana ke prAraMbha meM RSi ke nAma ke sAtha "...... arahatA isiNA buhataM" vAkyAMza kA prayoga milatA hai / 43 bAra 'arahatA' kA prayoga hai aura 37 vAra 'buitaM' aura 7 bAra 'buiyaM' kA prayoga milatA hai / tulanA kIjie AcArAMga ke | 'bhagavayA........... akkhAya' kI isibhAsiyAI ke . 'arahatA......buitaM' ke sAtha / mUrdhanya vidvAnoM ke dvArA isibhAsiyAi utanA hI purAnA mAnA gayA hai. jitanA AgamoM ke cAra grantha - AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika / taba phira bhASA meM itanA antara kyoM ? isa dRSTi se to AcArAMga kA sahI aura prAcIna pATha hogA ___- 'sutaM me AusaMteNa bhagavatA evamakkhAtaM' aura isI pATha kI puSTi sUtrakRtAMga ke nimna pAThAM se ho rahI hai| [1] suyaM me AusaMteNa bhagavatA evamakkhAyaM 2. 1. 638 . [1] sutaM me AusaMteNaM bhagavatA evamakkhAtaM 2. 2. 694

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. AcArAMga ke upodghAta ke vAkya kA pATha jahAM taka madhyavartI dantya na ke lie mUrdhanya Na kA prazna hai yaha bhI dantya nakAra hI honA cAhie thA / na koNa meM badalane kI prathA IsvI sanke bAda kI aura vaha bhI mukhya taura se dakSiNa, * pazcima aura uttara pacchima bhArata kI rahI hai jaisA ki azoka ke zilAlekhoM aura usake bAda ke zilAlekhoM se pramANita ho rahA hai /

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8. mla ardhamAgadhI kI punaH racanA : eka prayatna* jaina ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke prAcInatama grantha AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ke cauthe adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka meM ahiMsA dharma ke viSaya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA upadeza isa prakAra hai "savve pANA savve bhUtA savve jIvA savve sattA na haMtavvA,. na ajjAvetavA, na parighettavvA, na paritAveyavvA, na uddaveyavvA / " arthAt kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie aura na hI use kisI bhI prakAra se pIr3ita karanA cAhie / "yahI zuddha, nitya aura zAzvata dharma hai jo AtmajJoM ke dvArA upadiSTa hai / " bhagavAna mahAvIra kI isI vANI ko ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke vibhinna saMskaraNoM meM nimna prakAra se saMpAdita kiyA gayA hai (i) zubiMga - (1.4.1) esa dhamme suddhe nitie sAsae samecca logaM kheyannehiM paveie / (ii) Agamodaya - (1.4 1.126) esa dhamme suddhe niie samicca loyaM kheyaNNehiM paveie / (iii) jaina vizva bhAratI - (1.41.2) esa dhamme suddhe Niie sAsae samicca loyaM kheyaNNehiM paveie / (iv) ma. jai. vidyAlaya - (1.4.1 132) esa dhamme suddhe Nitie. sAsae samecca loyaM khetaNNehiM pavedite / ___ ina cAroM pAThoM meM jo zabda prayukta haiM unameM se nimna zabdarUpa eka samAna nahIM haiM... * 'vAmaya' jilda 3, guja. sAhitya akAdamI, gAMdhInagara, 1990 se sAbhAra ratuta

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mUla adhamAgadhI ko punaH racanA : eka prayatna 1.1 khapannAha ___ saMskRta zu. Agamo. jaivibhA. ma.jai.vi. 1. nitya = nitie niie Niie Nitie 2. sametya = samecca samicca samicca samecca 3. lokam = loga loyaM loya loyaM 4. kSetrajJaiH = kheyannehi kheyaNNehiM kheyaNNehi khetaNNehi 5. praveditaH = paveie paveie paveie pavedite spaSTa hai ki apane apane bhASAkIya siddhAntoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra (na ki prAkRta bhASA ke aitihAsika vikAsa kI dRSTi se aura na hI samaya, kSetra aura upadezaka kI vANI ke svarUpa ko dhyAna meM lekara) aura prAkRta vyAkaraNakAroM ke niyamoM ke prabhAva meM Akara (jo na to kAla kI dRSTi se aitihAsika haiM aura na ardhamAgadhI bhASA kI vizeSatAoM ko spaSTa karate haiM) alaga alaga pAThoM ko svIkAra kiyA haiM jisake kAraNa zabdoM kI vartanI meM kitanA antara AyA hai aura yaha antara kyoM AyA use hI samajhanA Avazyaka hai / (1) kisI saMpAdaka ne saMyukta vyaMjana ke pahale e kA i kara diyA hai, samicca (samecca) / (2) kisI ne ta kA, to kisI ne da kA lopa kara diyA hai, nitie, niie, pavedite, paveie / (3 / kisI ne prAraMbhika na kA Na kara diyA hai, nitie, Niie, Nitie / 14, kisI ne ka kA lopa kiyA to kisI ne ka kA ga kara diyA, loyaM, logaM / loya meM udvRtta svara kI ya zruti hai / ___(5) kisI ne jJa kA nna, to kisI ne jJa kA NNa kara diyA hai, kheyannA kheyaNNa / For Private &Personal Use Only .

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1.2 prAcIna adhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke.Ara candraH (6) kisI ne tra kA ta kiyA to kisI ne tra kA ya kiyA athavA (7) kisI ne da (khedajJa se) kA ta kiyA to kisI ne da kA ya kara diyA hai| (8) isa prakAra ke parivartanoM se aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki hareka saMpAdaka kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke viSaya meM alaga alaga dhAraNA banI huI hai / (9) isakA mukhya kAraNa yahI hai ki ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA vyAkaraNa kisI bhI vyAkaraNakAra se hameM spaSTataH prApta hI nahIM huA hai / ina sabhI parivartanoM para vicAra kiyA jAya aura unakI samIkSA tathA AlocanA kI jAya to avazya kucha na kucha samajha meM AegA ki isa prakAra kI vibhinnatA kaise A gayI / zabdoM meM prApta dhvanigata parivartanoM se to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki - (1) 'pavedita' zabda meM kisI ko pAli bhASA kA AbhAsa hotA hogA isalie pavedia hI svIkAranA ucita lagA ho / (2) 'khetaNNa' aura 'nitiya' meM 'ta' zruti kI zaMkA ho gaI ho isalie 'kheyaNNa' aura 'niia' hI svIkAra kiyA gayA ho / (3) prAyaH lopa ke niyama se prerita hokara ta aura da kA lopa karanA ucita mAnakara paveia ko svIkAra kiyA ho / (4) jJa kA nna ayogya samajhakara vyAkaraNa ke niyama se praNA kara diyA gayA ho / ina svIkRta pAThoM meM(1) pAli bhI hai - pavedita, (2) pAli aura ardhamAgadhI bhI hai - samecca, .

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103 - mUla ardhamAgadhI ko punaH racanA : eka prayatna 13, ardhamAgadhI bhI hai - loga aura (4) mahArASTrI bhI hai - loyaM, Niie, kheyaNNa / (5) bhASA-saMbaMdhI dUsarI ora azoka ke samaya kI pUrvI kSetra kI vizeSatAe~ bhI haiM - loga, nitie aura (kheya)nne(hi') jaise zabdoM meM / (6) isa prakAra ke vizleSaNa se yaha to bhASAoM kI khIcar3I ho aisA pratIta hotA hai / ___ hareka sampAdaka ke pAsa jo bhI sampAdakIya sAmagrI (hastaprate) thI unameM pAThAntara bhI maujUda the parantu unameM se amuka amuka pAThAntaroM ko chor3a diyA gayA hai / vAstava meM aitihAsika vikAsa kI dRSTi se una pAThoM meM se kisI eka meM mUla bhASA kI prAcInatA surakSita raha bhI gayI ho ? udAharaNArtha-. (1) zubiMga mahodaya dvArA upayoga meM lI gayI sAmagrI meM se cUrNi aura 'jI' saMjJaka prata meM 'khettannehiM pATha upalabdha thA / 12) jaina vizva bhAratI kI 'ca' saMjJaka prata meM 'khettannehi" pATha thA / (3) ma. jai. vi. ke saMskaraNa meM upayoga meM lI gayI cUrNi meM 'qhittaNNa' pATha thA / (4) aisI avasthA meM 'khettanna' zabda ko apane prAcIna mUla rUpa meM nahIM apanA kara 'kheyanna' yA 'kheyaNNa' kyoM apanAyA gayA jaba bhASAkIya vikAsa kI dRSTi se ye donoM hI rUpa paravartI haiMpahale kheyanna aura bAda meM kheyaNNa /

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ ke. Ara. candra zurniMga mahodaya ne mAtra eka hI rUpa 'kheyanna' ko AcArAMga ( pra zrutaskaMdha ) meM sarvatra apanAyA hai parantu jai, vi. bhA. ke saMskaraNa meM 'kheyaNa' bhI milatA hai, Agamodaya samiti ke saMskaraNa meM bhI sveyaNa bhI milatA hai aura ma, jai. vi. ke saMskaraNa meM kheyaNNa, khetaNNa aura khettaNNa to milate haiM parantu kheyanna nahIM milatA hai / isa zabda kA saMskRta rUpa 'kSetrajJa' hai jisakA artha hai 'AtmajJa' aura isa kheyanna kA paravartI kAla meM TIkAkAroM ne 'khedajJa' ke sAtha jo saMbaMdha jor3A hai vaha kAlpanika hai aura (mUla bhASA ko na samajhane se bhrAnti ke kAraNa ) kRtrima paribhASA dekara use ( tor3a maror3a kara ) prayatna kiyA gayA hai jisase turanta madhyavartI da kA zruti se da kA ya ho jAtA hai / yaha to mAtra = mAya aura pAtra = pAya jaisA parivartana huA aura Atma - atta - Ata Aya jaisA vikAsa hai / samajhAne kA aura ya lopa 104 (1) ataH kSetrajJa meM tra ke sthAna para da lAne kI jarUrata nahIM thI / (2) prAcIna prAkRta bhASA meMtra kA tta hI huA thA na ki 'ta' yA 'ya' / (3) azoka ke pUrvI kSetra ke zilAlekhoM meM jJa kA nna hai, na ki NNa / ( 4 ) sAmAnyataH nna kA NNa I. sa. ke bAda meM pracalana meM AyA hai aura vaha bhI dakSiNa aura uttara pazcima kSetra se / (5) nna = NNa pUrNata: mahArASTrI prAkRta kI dhvani hai na ki pAli mAgadhI, paizAcI yA zaurasenI kI / (6) ataH mUla ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM nna = NNa kA prayoga karanA usa bhASA ko jabaradastI se yA jAne anajAne mahArASTrI bhASA meM badalane ke samAna hai aura kyA yaha mUla ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke lakSaNoM kI anabhijJatA ke kAraNa hI aisA nahIM huA hai aura ho rahA hai /

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mUla ardhamAgadhI kI punaH racanA : eka prayatna (7) zubiMga mahodayane jJa ke lie sarvatra na hI apanAyA hai parantu tra ke sthAna para ya ko sthAna dekara tathA tta kA tyAga karake unho'ne anupayukta pATha apanAyA hai / ve svayaM bhI 'khedajJa' zabda se prabhAvita hue hai aisA lage binA nahIM rahatA / unhoMne nitya ke sthAna para nitiya apanAyA hai vaha prAcIna bhI hai aura bilakula ucita bhI hai, niiya aura Niiya to bilakula kRtrima hai aura mAtra madhyavartI ta ke lopa kA akSarazaH pAlana kiyA gayA ho aisA lagatA hai / (8) Azcarya hai ki pizala ke vyAkaraNa meM na to nitiya (jo prAcIna hai) zabda milatA hai aura na hI Niiya, niiya / (9) prAcIna zilAlekhoM aura prAcIna prAkRta meM svarabhakti kA pracalana hai, jaise-kya = kiya, tya = tiya, vya = viya, ityAdi aura aise saMyukta vyaMjanoM meM samIkaraNa bAda meM AyA hai / (10) samecca ke badale meM samicca arthAt e ke sthAna para i kA prayoga (saMyukta vyajanoM ke pahale) bhI na to sarvatra milegA ora na hI prAcInatA kA lakSaNa hai / (11) ka = ga ke prayogoM se ardhamAgadhI sAhitya bharA par3A hai / ka kA ga bhI pUrvI kSetra kA (azoka ke zilAlekha) lakSaNa hai / ka kA lopa mahArASTrI kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai aura yaha lopa kI pravRtti kAphI paravartI hai / pavedita meM se da aura ta kA lopa bhI paravartI prAkRta kA lakSaNa hai / zaurasenI aura mAgadhI meM to da prAyaH yathAvat hI rahatA hai aura pAli tathA paizAcI meM ta bhI / (12) ardhamAgadhI kA sambandha mAgadhI se adhika hai na ki

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prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM / ke. Ara. candra mahArASTrI se usake nAma meM mAgadhI zabda hI usakI prAcInatA kA bodha karAtA hai / 106 ( 13 ) isa dRSTi se jaina AgamoM ke prAcIna aMzoM meM jo jo prAcIna rUpa ( nAmika, kriyApadika tathA kRdaMta) milate haiM ve use pAlibhASA ke samIpa le jAte haiM na ki mahArASTrI prAkRta ke nikaTa (14) mUlataH ardhamAgadhI bhASA mAgadhI aura mahArASTrI kA mizraNa nahIM thI yaha to paravartI prakriyA kI vikRti hai / ataH carcA kA uparyukta vAkya yadi bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya kA hai, unake mukha se nikalI huI vANI hai yA unake gaNadharoM dvArA use bhASAkIya svarUpa diyA gayA hai taba to usakA pATha isa prakAra honA cAhie esa dhamme suddhe nitie sAsate' samecca logaM khettanne hi pavedite / yadi yaha vANI bha. mahAvIra ke mukha se prasRta nahIM huI hai yA gaNadharoM kI bhASA meM prastuta nahIM kI gayI hai yA I. san pU . caturtha zatAbdI kI prathama vAcanA kA pATha nahIM hai parantu tIsarI aura antima vAcanA meM pUjya devardhigaNi (pA~cavI - chaThI zatAbdI) ke samaya meM ise antima rUpa diyA gayA ho yA unhoMne hI zruta kI racanA kI ho taba to hamAre lie carcA kA koI prazna hI nahIM banatA hai aura jo bhI pATha jisako apanAnA hai vaha apanA sakatA hai / 1,2 = [tR ba. va. kI vibhakti 'hi' ke badale 'hi' bhI paravartI hai / sAsate se 'ta' kA lepa bhI ayogya lagatA hai / itibhAsiyAI jaisA prAcIna graMthAma madhyavartI ta se bharA par3A hai /

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viSaya sUcI adhyAya-1 (ka) aghamAgadho Agama-graMthoM ke pATha badala jAnAH pU. muni zrI puNyavijayajI kA abhiprAya (kha) prAcIna bhASA meM kAlAntara se Agata parivartanoM ke katipaya udAharaNa; jIvita, kSetraza, Atman , mokSa Adi zabda; vaidika vyaMjana La, sutaM me bhagavatA AcArAMga kI hastamatoM meM paravartI kAla ke pATha AcArAMga kI cUrNi aura suttanipAta ke pATha (ga) zukiMga mahodaya aura zrI jabUvijayajI ke AcArAMga ke saMskaraNoM kI vizeSatAe~ 7 (gha) vibhinna saMskaraNoM meM alaga alaga dhvani-parivartana vAle zabda zaura pratyaya 9. AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, isibhAsiyAi, uttarAdhyayana, AcArAMga-niyukti, mUlArAdhanA kI TIkA (ca) evaM (cha) eka hI saMskaraNa meM alaga-alaga zabda pATha AcArAMga ke vibhinna saMskaraNa-zukiMga, Agamodaya, jai. vi. bhA., ma. jai. vi; itthIparinnA (AlsaDapha) eka hI vAkya meM tIna staroM ke zabda ocArAMga aura Avazyaka sUtra meM samAna zabdoM meM dhvani bheda (ja) zuciMga mahodaya dvArA hI sapAdita AcArAMga aura isibhAsiyAI ke zabda-pAThoM meM antara alaga alaga sampAdakoM kI alaga alaga paddhati (Ta) zubiMga ke AcArAMga aura isibhAsiyAI meM madhyavartI ta ke lopa yA yathAsthiti ke viSaya meM atyadhika antara (Tha) prArabhika dantya nakAra aura jJa ke lie na yA Na (Da) prAcIna zabda-rUpa nahIM apanAyA jAnA uttarAdhyayana, AcArAMga, itthIparinnA AcArAMga ke vibhinna saMskaraNa, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana

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108 prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ke.Ara. candra arvAcIna pratoM meM upalabdha prAcIna pATha asvIkRta mUla graMtha meM paravartI pATha jabaki vRtti meM prAcIna pATha kabhI prAcIna to kabhI paravartI pATha tatkAlIna loka pracalita rUpa chor3a diyA jAnA (da) uttaravartI sampAdakoM dvArA pUrvavatI' saMskaraNoM se prAcIna zabda rUpa asvIkRta AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga (Na) mUla upadezaka kI bhASA paravatI kAla kI jabaki usake saMgrahakartA kI bhASA meM prAcInatA upasa hAra *adhyAya-2 (ka) madhyavatI vyajanoM ke lopa ke badale meM ghoSIkaraNa ka-ga, kha-gha, camba, ta-da. thadha (kha) amuka amuka sa yukta vyajanoM ke samIkaraNa ke badale meM svarabhakti (g| Atman ke lie attA ke prayoga (gha) dantya nakArayukta asAmAnya saMyukta vyajana (ca) prathama purUSa sarvanAma ke prathamA bahuvacana kA rUpa 'vaya' (cha) vyaMjanAMta jJabdoM ke tRtIyA eka vacana ke kucha prAcIna prayoga (ja) tR. ba. va. kI vibhakti - bhi vAle rUpa (jha) catuthI' e ba. ke - Aya vibhakti vAle rUpa (Ta) kriyAvizeSaNa ke rUpa meM paMcamI eka vacana ke prAcIna prayoga (Tha: vartamAna kRdanta ke aura vyajanAMta zabdoM ke paThI eka kcana ke rUpa (Da) saptamI eka vacana ko prAcIna vibhakti - mhi, - mhi aura - ssi 41 (Dha) kucha aura prAcIna rUpa (Na) pAli ke samAna strIliMgI eka vacana kI vibhaktiyA~ - ya, - yA aura azoka ke zilAlekhoM ke samAna - ye vibhakti (ta) bhUta kAla ke prAcIna pratyayoM vAle prayoga (tha) vidhiliMga ke lie prAcIna pratyayoM vAle prayoga *(da) saMbaMdhaka bhUtakRdanta ke prAcIna rUpa (dha) vartamAna kRdanta ke prAcIna prayoga

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viSaya ravI 4 . 56 5 ho (na), hetvarthaka kRdantaH kA prAcIna pratyaya - ttara (pa) eka vaidika kriyAvizeSaNa (1) amuka dhAtuoM ke prAcIna rUpoM ke prayoga : bhU, ba, prAp , kR adhyAya-3 1 adha mAgadhI bhASA meM azokakAlIna bhASA ke lakSaNa (ka) yathA = ahA aura yAvat = Ava (kha) mati = muti (ga) catuthI eka vacana kI vibhakti - Aye (gha) vartamAna kRdanta kA pratyaya - mIna (ca) saMbadhaka bhUtakRdanta kA pratyaya - ttu 2 adhamAgadhI bhASA meM bhArata ke pUrvI kSetra (azoka kAlIna) ke lakSaNa (cha) ra = la (ja) ka= ga (jha) sAmata zabda kA prayoga samIpa ke artha meM (Ta) yakArayukta saMyukta vyaMjanoM meM svarabhakti Tha) -aH = e ke prayoga puras = pure, adhas = adhe, hehA, nAmataH = nAmate, naH = Ne (asmAkam ) (Da) akasmAt zabda kA prayoga (Dha) kR dhAtu ke saM. bhU. kR. kaTTa kA prayoga adhyAya-4 AcArya hemajandra dvArA (1) ASa kI vizeSatAoM kA ullekha (2) amuka vizeSatAoM kA ullekha hI nahIM adhyAya-5 prAcIna ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kI mukhya lAkSaNikatAe~ adhyAya-6 kSetrajJa zabda ke vividha prAkRta rUpoM kI carcA 61 64 66 71 77 80 85

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- 110 r ( 1 ) (2) * ( 3 ) prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM / ke. Ara. candra kheyanna, kheyaNNa, khetaNNa, khettaNNa, khetanna, vittA, khedanna, khedaNNa svIkRta pATha aura pAThAntara zabda kA aitihAsika vikAsa khetajJa, khetanna, khetanna, khedanna, kheyaNNa adhyAya-8 (1) prastuta vAkya ke hareka zabda ke vibhinna pAThoM para carcA : (2) "esa dhamme suddhe nitie sAsate samecca loga khettannehi pavedite" adhyAya-7 (1) sutra me Au tegaM bhagavayA evamakkhAye' vAkya ke hara zabda ke pATha 94 para carcA. (2) prAcIna upalabdha pATha 'drutaM me AusaMteNa bhagavatA evamakkhAta " 88 90 98 100 106

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saMdarbha graMtha 2 1. aMgasuttANi ( AcArAMga, Adi), jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, saM. 2031 zrI RSabhadeva kezarImala, ratalAma 1941 aura muni puNyavijayajI dvArA saMzodhita pAThayukta, lA. da. bhA. sa. vi. maMdira meM paMjIkRta saMkhyA pa. 15880. AcArAMga cUrNi 3. AcArAGga sUtra, vAlthera jhubiMga, lIpajiga 1910 4. AcArAGga sUtram - niyukti evaM vRtti, Agamodaya samiti, mehasANA, 1916 AyariMga sutta, muni jambUvijayanI, ma. je. vi., bambaI 1977. 5 AyAro, muni nathamala, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizva bhAratI lADanU, sauM. 2031 itthI parinnA vide Ludwig Alsdorf, Kleine Schriften, Wiesbaden. 1974 isimAsiyAI, W. Schubring, L. D. Indology, Ahmedabad, 1974. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. -- 17. isi bhAsiyAi : dekho paiNNayasuttAi uttarAdhyayanasUtra, je. zApeNTiyara, ajaya buka sarvisa, nyU dehalI, 1980. kalpasUtra muni puNyavijayajI, sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba (gujarAtI) I. sa. 1952 12. cittasaMbhUta vide Ludwig Alsdorf, Kleine Schriften, Wiesbaden, 1974 (p. 186) 13. dasaveyAliyasuttaM, uttarajjhayaNAI, Avassayasutta, muni puNyavijayajI ma. jai. vi. bambaI, 1977 " 14. paNNayasuttAI, prathamo bhAgaH, muni puNyavijayajI ma. je. vi, bambaI, 1984 15. pAiya-sadda - mahaNNavoH pa N. haragovindadAsa seTha prAkRta grantha pariSad, vArANasI 1963 16. prAkRta vyAkaraNa (gujarAtI), paM. becaradAsa dozI, yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa, amadAbAda, 1978. prAkRta vyAkaraNam (Prakrit Grammar) : AcArya hemacandra, saMpAdaka : pI. ela vaidya, 1928

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112 18 suttanipAto. pI. vI. bApaTa, pUnA 1924. 19. sUyagaDa sutta, muni jambUvijaya, ma. jai. vi., bambaI, 1978 20. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, bhAga-1, muni puNyavijayajI, prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI, 1975 21. Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages by R. Pischel, Motilal Banarasidas, Varanasi, 1965 Historical Grammar of Inscriptional Prakrits, M. A Mehendale, Poona, 1948 23. Ludwig Alsdorf : Kleine Schrifen, Wiesbaden, 1974 24. Pali Literature and Language, W Geiger (B. Ghosh, English), 1968 25. The Prakrit Grammarians, Nitti Dolchi, 1972 hamAre prakAzana 1. bhAratIya bhASAoM ke vikAsa aura sAhitya kI samRddhi meM zramaNoM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna, ke. Ara. candra, 1979 22 prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kI khoja meM/ ke Ara. candra 2 prAkRta-hindI koza, ke Ara. candra, 1987 ( pAiyasamaNNavo kI kiMcit parivartita AvRtti ) 3. English Translation of Kouhala's Lilavai - Kaha, Prof. ST. Nimkar, 1988 4. nammayAsuMdarI kahA ( zrI mahendrasUrikRta), hindI anuvAda sahita, ke. Ara. candra, 1989 5. ArAmazobhA rAsamAlA (gujarAtI), pro. jayaMta koThArI, 1989 6 jainAgama svAdhyAya, paM. dalasukhabhAI mAnavaNiyA 'gujarAtI), 1991 100-00 [grantha kharIdane ke lie saMparka kareM mukhya vitaraka : pArzva prakAzana, nizA pola nAkA, jaMvarI vADa, rilIpha roDa, ahamadAbAda, 380001] rU.120-00 ru. 30-00 EUR. 40-00 ru.90-00

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In Search of the Original Ardhamagadhi The collection of Prof. K. R. Chandra's studies "ara 37. 14 alu #" aims at ascertaining the linguistic characteristics of the original language of the Svetambara Jain Canonical texts or what is usually referred to as the Ardhamagadh: Canon. Chandra points out, through a detailed comparison of the cano. nical texts as edited by various modern scholars, the disagreement and diversity of the criteria of selecting the various readings. He has made quite obvious the consequent linguistic heterogeneity that creates problems for making out the real character of the leaguage of the Ardhamagadhi Canon. Secondly, he has sought to point out with the help of the Eastern Asokan and Pali language that inspite of the considerably changed character (under the impact of the standard Maharastri Prakrit) of the language of the Canonical texts during the long period of transmission, certain old readings have been preserved that reveal some of the phonological, morphological and lexical traits of the original Ardhamagadhi, and hence in setting up the text they should be preferred over other modernized readings. In support of his contention Chandra bas presented some typical case-studies. He has also examined the treatment accorded to Ardhamagadhi by Hemacandra in the Prakrit section of the latter's grammar. Thus these studies put forth a strong and convincing plea for restoring the original character of the language of the Ardhamagadhi canonical texts (some sections and portions of which probably go back to the pre-Asokan period) so far as it is possible on the basis of all the available relevant texual data. H. C. Bbayani Retd. Prof. of Linguistics Gujarat University wwwainebles