Gujaratnu Prakritik ane Vyapari Bhugol Vigyan

Author(s): Bhogilal Girdharlal Mehta
Publisher: Farbas Gujarati Sabha
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034835/1

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zrI yazovijayajI - jaina graMthamALA dAdAsAheba, bhAvanagara, OT phona : 0278-2425322 58220 of

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kaapoottttu - reennmaattu maamaa yoomooroonnaayaamookaa poottaa zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA graMthAvaliH aMka 23 * gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna lekhaka 1 rA, rA. bhogIlAla giradharalAla mahetA, ema. kAma, phesara, bATalIya kemisa keleja, muMbaI. maaymaayneulaameraumANANAINDHANAM AMIGaamaannnee yaaroo maamaayee maayai maamookr prakAzaka rA. rA. aMbAlAla bu. jAnI, bI. e. sI basa gujarAtI sabhA, muMbai. kiMmata rU. 12- vi. saM. 1990 I. sa. 1937

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prakAzaka rA. rA. abAlAla bulAkhIrAma jAnI, bI. e. sahAyaka maMtrI, zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA. zrI phasa gujarAtI sabhAmaMdira 365, koMgresa hAusa lAIna, viThThalabhAI paTela reDa muMbaI na. 4 'AvRtti 1 lI prata 500 mudraka: zaMkararAya amRtarAya sahIyaDha zrI jJAnamandira prinTIMga presa rAyapura-amadAvAda pustako vecAtAM maLavAnuM ThekANuM rA. ra. aMbAlAla bu. jAnI, bI. e. ka, ziva phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAmandira viThThalabhAI paTela reDa, koMgresa hAusa leIna

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nivedana zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAnA vyavasthApaka maMDaLe gujarAtI bhASAmAM vijJAnaviSayaka granthone uttejana ApavAnA sabhAnA eka vizeSa udezane anusarIne te saMbaMdhI yojanA ghaDavAnuM kAma maMDaLanA sabhya rA. piopaTalAla goviMdalAla zAha, ema. e., bI. esa. sI, ne seMpI eka pejanA sane 1930 mAM taiyAra karAvI ane sane 1931 mAM te anusAra granthonA pAriteASika, chapAmaNuM vagere mATe rU. 2,000 sudhI kharca karavAnuM TharAveluM che. gujarAtI sAhityamAM vijJAna vizvaka pustakonI saMkhyA ghaNuM ja ochI che, tethI koI paNa dizAmAM te vadhe, e iSTa che. te chatAM gujarAta viSe badhAM vaijJAnika ta ekaThAM karavAnA viziSTa hetuthI, tema zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAne gujarAtI sAhityane ane sAthe sAthe gujarAtane lagatA ItihAsa, vijJAna Adi sAhityanA pracArano Azaya lakSamAM rAkhIne, gujarAta saMbaMdhI ja evAM pusatako taiyAra karAvavAnuM kArya prathamathI ja upADavAmAM AveluM che. te ja hetusara nIcenA viSayo upara 150 thI 200 pAnAnA jAdA judA grantho taiyAra karAvavA mATe vijJAnapriya lekhako sAthe patravyavahAra calAvAyo hato. (1) gujarAtanI bhaugolika racanA-Geography of Gujarat, Physical and Commercial; Geology; Soils; Agriculture. gujarAtanI khanIja ane rAsAyanika saMpatti-Mineralogy Petrology und Chemical Resources. - () gujarAtanAM havAmAna-Meteorology of Gujarat, . (4) gujarAtanI vanaspati-Flora of Gujarat. (5) gujarAtanAM prANIo-Fauna of Gujarat. le ke dareka pustakamAM te te vikyAM arvAcIna dRSTie vivecana, uparAMta te viSayamAM gujarAtamAM thayelAM atyAra sudhInAM anveSaNone rasamaya: saha kana, ema karAveluM che.

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A saMbaMdhI ghaNu patravyavahAra pachI be lekhakoe pote mAre lIdheluM kAma choDI dIdhuM che; ane bAkInI yojanA vyavahAramAM utArAI che. atyAra sudhImAM pRthvIne itihAsa, gujarAtanAM havAmAna ane AbohavA tathA jIvana ane ukAnti," e traNuM pustako tenA lekhakonA sahakArathI prATa thayAM che. A prakAranuM zAstrIya saMzodhana temaja vaijJAnika siddhAntonuM nirUpaNa karanAruM A cothuM pustaka che, je ke eka rIte tene cha gaNavuM ghaTe cheH kAraNa ke 1924 mAM vijJAna viSayI sAhityanA prasAra arthe sabhAnA te veLAnA pramukha zrI nyAyamUti mI. epha. sI. bImana, AI. sI. esa. nA pramukha thayelA TharAva anusAra be vijJAnaviSayI pustake sabhAnA pUrA AzrayathI prakaTa thayelAM che. prastuta pustaka "gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna" atranI bATalIboya kema kelejanA pro. rA. rA. bhegIlAla giradharalAla mahetA, ema. kome. ghaNu zramapUrvaka taiyAra karyuM che, ane muMbaI yunIvasaTIe, potAnA 1933 nA "zrI nArAyaNa mahAdeva paramAnaMda pAritoSika" vALA "gujarAtano vyApAra ane vyavahAra "--e nibaMdhane A pustakamAM sAmela karavA devAnI paravAnagI ApI che, te mATe e bannene ahIM sabhA taraphathI A take AbhAra mAna dhaTe che. pustako, lekhe ane vyAkhyAne dvArA gujarAtI bhASAmAM vaijJAnika sAhityanI abhivRddhi sAdhavA mATe zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA vinAnaniSNAta vidvAnonA vadhu sahakAranI AzA rAkhe che. vijJAnaviSayI sAhitya sacitra hoya e abhimata hAIne upayoga nakazAo ane A AkRtio pustakamAM dAkhala karelAM che. AvAM pustakane sataratAthI prasAra thAya, e vicAravA yogya ane pustakane prasiddhikharca bhAre thaye hovA chatAM tenI kiMmata 0-12-0 ja rAkhelI che. AzA che ke gujarAtI vAMcakavarga sabhAnA A haderAne sakAraze. budhavAra, tA 17-3-17 nivedaka 265. zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA aMbAlAla . jAnI maniraH muMbai . 4. sahAyaka maMtrI, zrI phA. gu. sabhA

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prastAvanA hAlanA zikSaNamAM bhaMgALanuM sthAna hindanA Adhunika zikSaNamAM bhUMgALanA viSaya tarapha pUratuM dhyAna apAtuM nathI. prAthamika zALAomAM hajI bhUMgALanuM zikSaNu mAtra zaherA, nadIe ke pAnAM nAma ane te kyAM AvelAM che te geAkhAvavAmAM ja samApta thAya che. mAdhyamika zALAomAM paNa ghaNuM bhAge e ja prakAranI sthiti jovAmAM Ave che. pariNAma e Ave che ke nAma gAkhavA TevAI gayelA vidyAthIne parvata, nadI ke anya prAkRtika racanAnI vyAvahArika upayogitA samajAtI nathI ane nakazA upara jhaDapathI sthaLeA batAvavA TevAI gayelA vidyAthIne te sthaLa kaI dizAmAM AveluM che, athavA tA kevI rIte tyAM jaI zakAya che tenuM bhAna thatuM nathI. zALAnA AvI jAtanA abhyAsakramathI bhUMgALanA viSaya taddana rasahIna ane apriya ane temAM kaMI Azcaya nathI. A sthiti mATe jeTalA hAlanI zikSaNuzailInA doSa che teTale doSa zALAomAM bhUgALa zikhavatA zikSakonA paNa che. yunivarsiTI taraphathI apAtI keLavaNImAM jUdI jUdI bhASA, gaNita, tattvajJAna, RtihAsa vagere viSaye pratye ghaNuM dhyAna ApavAmAM Ave che, parantu prAkRti paristhitinI vyAvahArika upayeAgitA zikhavatI bhUgALavijJAnI ghaNI ja avagaNanA thAya che. yunivarsiTInA abhyAsakramamAM bhUgALanA viSayane dAkhala karavAnI jeTalI . hAla AvazyaktA che tethI kha vadhAre bhUgALazikSaNanI vartamAna paddhatimAM pheraphAra karavAnI jarUra che.

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rASTrIya bhULanI avagaNanA bhUgoLazikSaNanI bIjI moTI khAmI e che ke dunIyAnA anya khaMDenI bhUgoLa vigatavAra zikhavavAmAM Ave che, tyAre hindanI bhUgoLa viSe mAtra uparaceTIyuM jJAna ApavAmAM Ave che. tenuM pariNAma e Ave che ke AkhI pRthvI viSe mAhItI dharAvato vidyAthI pitAnA ja deza viSe ghaNuM ochuM jANe che. yurepanA svI--laDamAM kudaratI saundarya ghaNuM che, IglAMDanuM nyukesala lekhaMDanA udyoga mATe prakhyAta che, skoTalAMDanA loko sainika tarIke prasiddha che, vagere mAhitI jANanAra vidyAthIne ghaNI vAra eTaluM jJAna nathI hatuM ke hindustAnamAM kAzamIra kudaratI saundaryanuM dhAma che, jamazedapura lokhaMDanA udyoganuM mathaka che, ane gurakhA leko bahAdura sainika tarIke jANItA che. bhUgoLazikSaNamAM AthI hindustAnane prAdhAnya maLavAnI khAsa jarUra che. yuropa jevaDA vistAravALA bharatakhaMDanA vividha prAMte yurepanA svataMtra dezo jeTalo che. hindustAnanI "vigatavAra bhUgoLa lakhAya che temAMthI ghaNuM jANavAnuM maLe tema che. dareka prAMtamAM ke ke kudaratI samRddhio AvelI che; kAzmIramAM ajaba kudaratI ramaNIyatA che; baMgALAmAM rasALa bhUmi ane mAphakasara AhavA che; mahArASTramAM moTe bhAge gaganacumbI pahADe AvelA che; siMdha ane rajapUtAnAmAM raNa che; paNa gujarAtamAM dareka prakAranI prAkRtika paristhiti uparAMta tene vyApArI pradeza banAvanAra samudakinAre che. AthI jeTalI hindanA bhUgoLazikSaNanI jarUra che, teTalI jarUra tenA dareka prAMtanA bhUgoLazikSaNanI paNa che. rASTrIya bhUgoLanA pustakanI AvazyakatA . bhUgoLanA viSayamAM zikSako ane ziSya bane rasa paDe tevA pustakonI hAla meTI khoTa che. ekalA hindustAnanI bhUgoLa haju viratArejUrvaka lakhAvAmAM AvI nathI. pRthvInI bhUgoLanA pustakamAM hina

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7 viSe thADAM pAnAMnuM mAtra varSoMna Ave che temAM ja akhila hindanI bhUgoLanA samAveza thAya che, te ja sAbIta kare che ke hindanA keLavaNInA saMcAlakA A viSaya pratye keTalI udAsInatA darzAve che. prAkRtika paristhiti ane bhASA dhyAnamAM laine hindanA dhaNA kudaratI vibhAge thaI zake tema che, eTale dareka kudaratI vibhAganA saMpUrNa rIte bhaugolika abhyAsa thAya te eka Mdara ghaNA lAbha thaI zake tema che. hindumAM rAjakIya sagavaDa mATe prAMtanA paNa rAjakIya vibhAgeA pADelA che. A meTAmAM meTI khAmIne laine kAI paNa kudaratI vibhAgane saMgIna abhyAsa thavA muzkela che. muMbaI IlAkA jo ke rAjakIya vibhAge ane dezI rAjyeAmAM vaheMcAI gayele che, pazu tenA pAMca kudaratI vibhAgeA thaI zake tema che. uttara taraphane raNapradeza siMdha kahevAya che ke jyAM siMdhI bhASA khelAya che. sAmAnya rIte medAnavALA madhyastha vibhAga gujarAta kahevAya che ke jyAM mAtra kaccha sivAya sarvatra gujarAtI bhASA khelAya che. pazcimamAM jyAM gujarAtI ane marAThI mitra bhASA melAya che te khAnadeza kahevAya che, mahArASTranA uccapradezamAM marAThI bhASA khelAya che, eTale te paNa kudaratI vibhAga che. cheka dakSiNamAM koMkaNa vibhAga AvelA che ke jayAM taddana jUdI prAkRtika racanA AvelI che ane kAMkaNI bhASA khelAya che. AvA dareka vibhAgavAra bhUgoLanAM pustako lakhAvAnI ghaNI AvazyatA che. prastuta pustaka viSe gujarAtI bhASAmAM sAhitya saMbaMdhI pustakA dhaNAM lakhAyAM che, ane dinapratidina temAM vRddhi thatI jAya che, parantu moTAmAM mATI khATa vijJAnaviSayaka pustakAnI che. tAjetaramAM zrI krAsa gujarAtI sannAe te sabaMdhI ceAjanA kaDI kADhI che ane TuMka samayamAM gujarAtI mAMgavate tenA amUlya lAbha maLaze. A yeAjanA anusAra mane

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" gujarAtanuM bhUgoLavijJAna" e nAmanuM pustaka lakhavAnI taka ApavAmAM AvI te mATe sabhAne atyaMta upakAra mAnuM chuM. muMbaI yunivarsiTI taraphathI sane 1933 mAM jAhera thayelA "zrI. nArAyaNa mahAdeva paramAnaMda pAritoSika nibaMdha"nI harIphAImAM meM bhAga lIdhelo ane mAre nibaMdha pAritoSakane yogya svIkArAyele. A nibaMdhane viSaya "gujarAtane vyApAra ane vyavahAra" hovAthI tene yogya pheraphAra sAthe A pustakamAM vyApArI vibhAga tarIke joDI devAmAM Avyo che. A pramANe prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAnane samanvaya karIne A pustaka gujarAtane caraNe mUkavAnI anukULatA karI ApavA mATe sabhAne dhanyavAda ghaTe che. vaLI sabhAnA vijJAnapriya sabhya rA. pipaTalAla goviMdalAla zAha, ema. e, bI. esa. sI., ke jemanI salAha ane sUcanAthI A granthane prathama bhAga lakhavA huM prerAya ane sAthe nibaMdha chapAvavAnI paNa pravRtti thaI te mATe emane paNa A sthaLe AbhAra mAnuM chuM. A pustaka lakhavAmAM moTA bhAge jUdA jUdA jIllA ane ejansIonAM sarakArI gejheTIyarane AdhAra levAmAM Avyo che. zALAmAM cAlatAM bhUgoLanAM pATha5pustakothI tadana navI paddhati pramANe A grantha lakhAyo che. bhUgoLavidyAnuM mukhya daSTibindu dhyAnamAM rAkhIne karaka jAtanI Arthika pravRtti sAthe prAkRtika paristhitine zuM saMbaMdha che tenuM sakAraNa vivecana karavAmAM AvyuM che. zarUAtanA prakaraNamAM prAkRtika bhUgoLavivAnAM mULatanI saMkSipta samajutI ApavAmAM AvI che. gujarAtanA kudaratI vibhAge pADIne dareka vibhAgamAM prAkRtika svarUpa kevuM che ane tenI AsapAsa AhavA vagere para zI asara thAya che te bIjA prakaraNamAM samajAvyuM che. gujarAtamAM mukhya pedAza kaI kaI che, keTale aMze kudarata temAM sAnukuLa che, kaI navI pedAza utpanna thaI zake tema che ane te pedArane

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DhagatA kyA udyoga hAla cAle che ane anukULa soMgA maLatA yA navA udyoga sthApI zakAya ema che, e vagerenA trIjA prakaraNamAM samAveza ryAM che. gujarAtamAM vastInuM pramANu dareka jagyAe keTaluM che, mukhya jAtio kaI che, temanI zI zI khAsIyatA che ane prAkRtika racanA Tale aMze temanA upara asara kare che te cAcA prakaraNamAM samajAvyuM che. vyApArI vibhAgamAM gujarAtanA vyApAra ane vyavahAranu aitihAsi valAyana karyAM bAda arvAcIna vyApAra keTalA che ane tenAM mukhya vakSaNA kayAM che ane arvAcIna vyavahAranAM kayAM kayAM sAdhanA gujarAtamAM AvelAM che, keTale aMze temAM vadhAro thavAnI jarUra che ane kudarata keTalA pramANamAM sAnukUla che, vagerenuM vivecana bAkInAM traNa prakaraNeAmAM pUruM thAya che. saMgIna Arthika vikAsanuM anivArya aMga AMkaDAzAstra che. hindamAM tenI upayeAgitA samajAI che, paNa tenI kheATa haju pUrAI nathI. vistAramAM hinda meATA khaMDa jevaDA hAvAthI dareka prAMta ke IlAkA viSe vividha viSaye| sabaMdhI AMkaDA vistArapUrvaka prasiddha thavAnI khAsa AvazyakatA che. rAjakIya sagavaDa mATe AkhA muMbaI lA) jUdAM jUdAM dezI rAjya ane jIllAomAM vaheMcAI gayelA che. AthI AkhA gujarAta viSe AMkaDA kAI paNa granthamAM prasiddha thayelA nathI. kaccha, kAThIyAvADa ane mULa gujarAtanA jUdA jUdI jIllA ke vibhAganAM gejheTIyarAmAM AMkaDA maLI Ave che, paNa te zreNI jagyAe apUryuM che. sarakArI ripeTa mAM vaLI moTA bhAge khulAmanA jAdA jAdA rAjakIya vibhAgeAvAra AMkaDA prasiddha thayelA che. A muzkelIne laIne gujarAtanI keTalIka vigata ane khAsa karIne vyApAra ane vyavahAranI sthiti cesa AMkaDAthI siddha thaI zakI nathI. gejheTIyarAnA ASAre dareka jIllA ke vibhAganA vyApAra ane vyavahAranI sthiti varNavavAmAM AvI che. vastIpatraka ane sarArI

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riporTamAMthI jUdA jUdA jIllA ane dezI rAjyanA AMkaDA ekaThA karIne AkhA gujarAtanA vyApAra ane vyavahAra viSe hakIkata taiyAra karI che, jo ke te AMkaDAne AdhAre cokakasa nirNa thaI zake 'ema nathI. A pustaka mATe joIe teTalo samaya ekI vakhate ApI nahIM rokAvAthI aneka prakAranI truTio rahI gaI haze ema huM dhAruM chuM. te dUra karavAmAM vijJAnapriya vAcakavarga taraphathI egya sUcanAo maLaze te te upara dhyAna ApavA huM tatpara rahIza. gujarAta viSe navI DhabathI prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLa lakhavAne A prathama prayAsa che, eTale vAMcakavarga ane zikSaNazAstrIo tene yogya protsAhana Ape ema huM IcchuM chuM. jyAre Arthika yuga AkhA gujarAtamAM vyApaka rIte prasaraze, jyAre tenI kudaratI samRddhinI saMpUrNa khIlavaNa thaze, jyAre dareka jagyAe saMzodhana karIne navAM vikAsakSetro sthApavAmAM Avaze, jyAre AMkaDAzAstranI upayogitA saMpUrNa rIte samajAze ane dareka kudaratI vibhAgavAra cokkasa ane . saMpUrNa vigata maLI zakaze, tyAre A pustaka apUrNa lAgaze. * chevaTamAM bhUgoLanAM pAThya pustakonI sarakhAmaNImAM je A pustaka vadhAre saMpUrNa vicArapreraka ane rasaprada lAgaze te mArA prayAsanI kharI saphaLatA thaze. mAMTAjha (muMbaI) . tA. 15 -35 megIlAla giradharalAla mahetA

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: 11 gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna anukramaNikA pRSTha nivedana ... * * * * 3-4 prastAvanA ... 5-10 anukramaNikA ... . ... 11 prakaraNano saMkSipta sAra 12-16 zuddhipatraka . ... ... ... 17-19 prAkRtika vibhAga prakaraNa 1 luM prAkRtika bhUgoLavijJAna ... ... 1-ra7 prakaraNa : prAkRtika paristhiti ... 28-1 prakaraNa 3 juM: pedAza ane udyoga ... 62-87 prakaraNa 4 thuM vastI ane jAtio .... *** 88-105 - vyApArI vibhAga prakaraNa 5 muM: vyApAra ane vyavahAranuM sAmAnya avalokana. . * 106-115 prakaraNa 6 ThuM: prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna samayane vyApAra ane vyavahAra . .. 116-17 prakaraNa 7 muMH arvAcIna samayane vyApAra 138-161 prakaraNa 8 muM: arvAcIna samayane vyavahAra 162-189 prakaraNa 9 muMH upasaMhAra 19-197 pariziSTaH vyApAra ane vyavahAra saMbaMdhI koThAo.. 198-215 granthasUci - *** 21-218 mAkRtio * * * *** .. 21-222

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prakaraNane saMkSipta sAra prAkRtika vibhAga prakaraNa 1 luM: prAkRtika bhUgoLavijJAna bhUgoLavijJAnane arthabhUgoLavijJAnanA vibhAgo-prAkRtika bhUgoLavidyAne uddeza-prAkRtika bhUgoLane anya vijJAna sAthe saMbaMdha-prAkRtika bhUgoLavidyAnI vaijJAnika ane vyAvahArika upayogitA; prAkRtika paristhitinAM mukhya aMgeH jamInanuM baMdhAraNa-bhUmi ane jaLAzayanI paraspara sthiti-bhUminI racanAjaLAzayanI racanA ane AMtarika kSobha; AbehavAnAM mukhya kAraNe viSuvavRttanuM aMtara-samudra ke jaLAzayanuM aMtarasamudramAM vahetA pravAha-jamIna upara vAtA pavana-parvatanI dizA ane sthiti-samudranI sapATIthI UMcAI-jamInane DhaLAva; prAkRtika paristhitine manuSyanI pravRtti ane saMskRti sAthe saMbaMdha: bhUpadaracanA-AbehavA-vanaspati-prANa-prAkRtika paristhiti para manuSyane kAbu. trakaraNa 2 ju: prAkRtika paristhiti sAmAnya paricaya; kudaratI vibhAge; uttara gujarAtane sapATa medAnane pradeza: rAdhanapuranuM raNa- DI amadAvAdanuM sapATa medAna banAsa, sarasvatI ane sAbaramatInAM vaheNauttara gujarAtanI prAcIna mahAnadI; madhya gujarAta athavA carotarane phaLadrupa pradezaH carotaranI rasALa bhUmi-mahIsAgarane pravAha; pUrva sarahadano uccapradezaH aravallInI girimALA-Abu ane ArAsura-mahIkAMThAne ucapradezapUrva sarahadane dvArapALa pAvAgaDha-revAkAMThAne uccapradeza,

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13 mahI, nadA ane tApInAM vaheNavALA pradezaH sapATa rasALa medAnA-na dAnA pravAha-tApInA pravAha; dakSiNa gujarAtanA jhADIvALA pradezaH madhyastha rasALa medAna-pUrvanA jhADIvALa DuMgarALa pradeza; kacchanA retALa pradezaH sapATa verAna raNapradezasamudramAMthI upasI AvelA raddIpa-siMdhunA pravAha kacchamAM kAThIyAvADanA DuMgarALa pradeza: dvIpamAMthI banelA dvIpakalpa-vividha kudaratI racanA-parvatAnI racanA-nadIonA pravAha; samudrakinArAnI racanA: kAThIyAvADanA kinArA-mULa gujarAtanA kinArA. prakaraNa 3 jI pedAza ane udyoga khetInI pedAza-arvAcIna audyogika yuga-sutarAu kApaDanA mIlaudyoga-khetInI pedArAne lagatA nAnA udyogA-khanIjanI pedAza-khanIjanI pedAzane lagatA udyogA-vanaspatinI pedAza -vanaspatinI pedAzane lagatA udyogeA-prANInI pedAza-prANInI pedAzane lagatA udyogA-kaLAkauzalyanA udyogA udyogamAM rAkAyelI vastI. prakaraNa 4 yu: vastI ane jAtio vastI-sAmAnya khAsIyatA-vyApArI buddhi; sapATa pradezamAM vasatI jAtie: brAhmaNA-vANIyA-rajapUta-kheDutA; darIyA kinArA AgaLa satI jAtio; DuMgarALa pradezamAM vasatI jAtioH bhIla, nAyakaDA vagere-kALA ne dhArALA kAThI, AhIra vagere gujarAtI prajAnuM bhAvI. vyApArI vibhAga prakaraNa 5 su': vyApAra ane vyavahAranu sAmAnya avalAna prakaraNa 6 chuM: prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna samayanA vyApAra ane vyavahAra

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14. prAcIna kALa-vyApAranAM lakSaNe; mAdhyamika kALaH hindu rAjyane samaya-bAdazAhI rAjyano samaya-megala rAjyane samaya-marAThI rAjyane samaya (azAntine kALa)-vyApAranAM lakSaNo. prakaraNa muM: arvAcIna samayano vyApAra aMgrejI rAjyanI zarUAtanI sthiti; amadAvAda jIllokheDA jIlle-paMcamahAla jIllo-surata jIle-bharUca jIllegujarAtanI ejansIo; halane jamInamArgane vyApAra -darIyAI kinArAne arvAcIna vyApAra-kAThIyAvADanAM baMdarone - vyApAraarvAcIna vyApAranI vyavasthA-arvAcIna vyApAranAM lakSaNe. prakaraNa 8 muM: arvAcIna samayano vyavahAra aMgrejI rAjyanI zarUAtamAM vyavahAranI sthiti-arvAcIna yAMtrika vyavahAranI agatya-arvAcIna yAMtrika vAhana-rastAo ane tene vyavahAra-meTaravyavahAra ane tenI spardhAnuM mULa gujarAtanI mukhya relve ane zAkhAoH paheLA pATAnI-madhyama, ane sAMkaDA pATAnI-tAptI velI relve-gAyakavADa peTalAda relve -tArApura khaMbhAta relve-gAyakavADa mahesANA relave-amadAvAda prAMtIja relve-rAjapIpaLA rAjyanI relave-pAlaNapura DIsA relve-cAMpAnera zivarAjapura pANuM relve-naDIyAda kapaDavaMja reve-godharA luNAvADA relve-pIpaloda devagaDhabArIyA relve; kAThIyAvADanI mukhya relve ane zAkhAoH bhAvanagara rAjyanI relave-gAMDaLa rAjyanI relve-jAmanagara dvArakA relve-jUnAgaDha rAjyanI re -morabI rAjyanI re- porabaMdara rAjyanI relave' dhriAMgadhrA rAjyanI relave-relveno ekaMdara vistAra-jUdA judA - vyavahAramAM rokAyelI vastI. . : * : : * ke : ' prakaraNa 9 muMH upasaMhAra.

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15 pustakamAM darzAvelA nakazA ane koThAonI anukramaNikA 38 ja 88 148 gujarAtanA kudaratI vibhAga darzAvato nakazo. gujarAtanI bhUpRtharacanA darzAvate nakaze. gujarAtanI prAkRtika racanA darzAvato nakazo che. (4) gujarAtanA udyogamAM rokAyelI vastI darzAvale kaTho. 86 A (5) gujarAtanAM vistAra, vastI, grAmya, zahera ane vastInuM pramANa darzAvato koTho. (6) gujarAtamAM vastInuM pramANa darzAvato nakaze. 88 (7) gujarAtanI relve mAraphate thatA AyAtavyApAra darzAvato koThe. 147 (8). gujarAtanI relave mAraphate thato nikAzavyApAra darzAvate koThe. (9) muMbaI IlAkAnI ane gujarAtanI rehave mAraphate thato AMtaraprAMtIya vyApAra darzAvate koThe. 149 (10) mULa gujarAtanI mukhya relve mAraphate avarajavara thato mAla ane Avaka darzAvate koThe. 150 (11) mULa gujarAtanAM baMdarano vyApAra darzAvato koThe. 15ra (12) gujarAtanI relve mAraphate thato ane darIyAI vyApAra sarakhAvata koThe. 153 (13) gujarAtane ekaMdara darIyAI vyApAra darzAvato kaThe. 155 (4) kAThIyAvADanAM baMdarano vyApAra darzAvate koThe. 156 (15) muMbaI ilAkAnI saDakano vistAra darzAvato kaThe. 166 (6) mULa gujarAtamAM vyApAra mATe vaparAtI moTaranI saMkhyA darzAvate kaThe. 170

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(17) bI. bI. enDa sI. Ai. relvenA pATAne samAntara saDakone vistAra ane spadhI karatI moTaranI saMkhyA darzAvate koThe. - 11 (18) gujarAtanI relave ane samudrakinArAne vyavahAra darzAvate nakazo. (19) gujarAtanA vyavahAranA dhaMdhAmAM rokAyelI vastI darzAvato kaThe. - 188 pariziSTamAM darzAvelA bAkInA koThAo. 198-215 (21) mULa gujarAtanA mukhya baMdarane vyApAra ane mukhya relavenI Avaka darzAvatI AkRtio. 219-221

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zuddhipatraka lITI. phUTanoTa ke - - * * = = = = = = * * azuddha. to writes lAbhakattA ucca pradeza bharatI rahita ati agatyano vyavahArika yugenA pravRtio aMkSAza khAmIyatamAM goLa prasAra th 266-882, sahe ja AMbAvADIo ne phaLadraga prasAra ucca pradeza - prasAra ucca pradeza zuddha. to write lAbhakartA uccapradeza bharatIrahita atiagatyane vyAvahArika yugonI pravRttio akSAMza khAsIyatamAM goLAI pasAra pp. 266-382 saheja AMbAvADIone phaLadrupa pasAra capradeza pasAra uccapradeza 16 phaTaneTa 20 mathAnuM meTuM mathALuM 20 mathALuM 5 che ke aravallI uccapradeza che aravallI ucca pradeza che ne 42 mathALuM 42 phuTaneTa (4 lITI) kAmadhenu 43 11 ane 2 prasAra 45 eya Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat kAmadhenu pasAra * eka www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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98. lI'TI. 10. mathALuM azuddha. bhAgyuM che, dvipakalpa gujarAtanuM zuddha bhAgyuM che. dvIpakalpa gujarAtanuM zetruMjI dara ekare amadAvAdanA 64 dara ekaMdare amadAvAnA 67 AkhA 77 83 chellI cIDI1 cIreDI3 KTaneTa 1. Plaster 3. Plaster prasAra pasAra chellI pelAda pelAda sthApavAmAM sthApavAmAM 74 AkhA ochAvattA ochAvattA vyavasthita vyavasthita 87 mahIkAMThA mahIkAMThA AvyA AvyA AMtararASTrIya AMtararASTrIya mathALuM vasati vasatI - 5 hevAnI, ucca uraca vahANemAM vahANe mathALuM jAtio jAtio 10. lAgyA lAgyA 12. prasAra pasAra 105 phUTaneTa 12 mI 12 mAM 12 nahi nahIM chellI vyavahArathI vyavahArathI 111 22 niyamitatA niyamitatA 114 - 25 prasAra pasAra chellI 110

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pRSa. 117 118 119 120 zuddha. karatA e temanA cekhA 6 annons azuddha. karatA temanA cokha hatuM. nANavATAmAM rAjAo paMkati jatA 2. ne 1. hAnInA Tarift vyApAraudyoga 122 126 nANAvaTAmAM rAjAone paMkti javA 1. ne 2. plInInA Tarifft vyApAraudyoga 130 phUTaneTa (naMbara) 12 phUTanoTa 132 136 143 ra ja 4 nahIM rara - nikAcha nikAza 46 cIne 2 cIjo pheTaneTa Rail-Porne Rail-Borne 149 Rail-Born Rail-Borne 155 nahi nahIM 15: bhAga che bhAga le che saMdhAraNa sAdhAraNa baMdhAvavA baMdhAvA 17 uca pradeza uccapradeza 170 kaThAmAM bhaDAne bhADAne 174 prasAra pasAra 15 baMdhAvavA baMdhAvA 18 11-12 ne teja varSamAM tenI A vAkaya na joIe laMbAI 10624 mAIla hatI 191 dhasaDAI ghasaDAI 216 11 (naMbara). considerd considered 218 45 (naMbara) kAtika kAtika . 18

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gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna prAkRtika vibhAga prakaraNa 1 luM prAkRtika bhUgoLavijJAna bhUgoLavijJAnane artha aMgrejImAM je viSayane " grAphI" kahevAmAM Ave che tene mATe gujarAtI zabda bhUgoLa vaparAya che. " zI" zabda be grIka zabdone samAsa che ane teno artha "pRthvInuM varNana" thAya che. bhUgoLa e eka prakAranuM vijJAna che. eka rIte bhUgoLavijJAna e bhUvidyAnI zAkhA gaNAya, paraMtu A viSayamAM prAkRtika vibhAga uparAMta dezanA vyApAra, saMskRti vagerenA abhyAsane paNa samAveza thAya che. pRthvInI racanA, vividha AvaraNonI sthiti, sarva vyApaka havAmAnanI ghaTanA ane bhUpRSTha para jovAmAM AvatAM prANuM ane vanaspatinI vividhatA vagere bhUgoLavijJAnanA abhyAsanAM mukhya aMge che. AsapAsanA vizvacamakAra samajavA tathA sajIva ane nirjIva sRSTi para temanI thatI asara nihALavI, e viziSTa prakAranuM jJAna che. bhUgoLane viSaya paNa anya vijJAnanI mAphaka pratyakSa ? Geo=the earth and grapho= to writes. i. e. & writing or description of the earth.

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2] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna anubhava ane nirIkSaNathI racAyelA che. A vijJAnanA kArya pradeza ghaNA vizALa hAvAthI tenA keTalAka vibhAgA karavAmAM AvyA che. bhRgALavijJAnanA vibhAgA ,, pRthvInuM varNana saMpUrNa ane cAkkasa thAya te mATe tenA AkAra, mApa, gati, aMtara vagerenI gaNanA karavAmAM Ave che. A prakAranI gaNatrInA vanane "rgANutabhUgALa " kahe che. pRthvI ane anya AkAzI graheA ane upagrahA vacce zuM aMtara che, pRthvI kayAM, kevI rIte ane keTalA vakhatamAM paribhramaNa kare che, pRthvInA kaTi badhAmAM keTaluM uSNatAmAna ke bhinAza che, vagere sabaMdhI cokkasa gaNanA karavI, e gaNitabhUgoLanuM mukhya kAryo che. pRthvI upara jUdA jUdA deze ane rAjye AvelAM che; ane dareka rAjya ke deza tenI vastI, rItabhAta, dharma, kAyadAkAnuna, udyAgadha dhA, vyApAra vagere saMbaMdhI jJAna ekaThuM kare che. AvI rItanA varSoMnAtmaka vivecanane " rAjakIya ke rASTrIya bhUgaLa ' kahe che. dareka vibhAgamAM uparyukta hakIkata keTalA aMze lAloM ke hAnikartA che tathA keTalA pramANamAM te saMpUrNa ke nyUna che vagerenuM varNana karavuM, e rAjakIya bhUMgALanA kArya pradeza che. arvAcIna Arthika yugamAM dareka deza Arthika prati karavA puSkaLa prayAsa kare che ane potAnI hadamAM hunnaraudyogeza, vyApAra, vyavahAra, dareka jAtanI pedAza tathA vaijJAnika saMpatti keTalI che vagerenI hakIkata meLave che. A vanane " Arthika bhUgoLa'' kahe che. kAI paNa deza ke vibhAganI mukhya pedAza tathA tenA upara AdhAra rAkhatA AyAta ke nikAza vyApAranA vivecanane " vyApArI bhUMgALa' kahe che. chellA paNa ati agatyanA vibhAga ke jenuM kAryAM phakta vanAtmaka vivecanathI paripUrNa thatuM nathI te " prAkRtika bhUge.La ' che, pRthvI upara patharAyelA mRdAvaraNa tathA jaLAvaraNanI sthiti athavA kudaratI racanAnuM "

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[ 3 prAkRtika bhUgoLavijJAna sAmAnya varNana karavA uparAMta prAkRtika bhUgoLa dareka kudaratI ghaTanA ke banAvanuM kAryakAraNa zodhe che, tenA uparathI niyame tArave che ane TuMkAmAM te saMbaMdhI sarvadezIya jJAna prApta kare che. "prAkRtika bhUgoLavidyAne uddeza prAkRtika bhUgoLavidyAnA abhyAsamAM phakta nadInI laMbAI ke parvatanI uMcAI ke dvIpakalpa athavA upasAgaranAM nAma ke zaheranI vastI vagere yAda rAkhavAmAM samAveza thato nathI. bAhya paristhiti, divya pradeza, bhUmi, uSNatA ane bhinAza vagere ghaTanAo ke padArtho che je jamIna upara vasatAM prANI ane vanaspatinI vividhatA upara asara kare che ane uMDANa, uSNatAmAna tathA jaLavikAra ke je jaLacara prANI ane vanaspatinI utpattine niyamamAM rAkhe che, vagerenuM akAraNa saMzodhana karavuM, e prAkRtika bhUgoLavijJAnano mukhya vika che. bhUpRSaracanA ane jaLAzayanI sthiti A vijJAnanAM abhyAsakSetro che. prAkRtika bhUgoLanuM mukhya dhyeya vividha kudaratI TatAne utpanna karanArAM jaLa, jamIna ane havAmAna viSe anveSaNa karavAmAM ane temanAthI thatA AghAta ke pratyAghAtane niyamamAM karatA kAnuno jAhera karavAmAM paripUrNa thAya che. A uparathI "NAla Avaze ke prAkRtika bhUgoLa vividha vidhaghaTanAnAM kAryakAraNa koive che ane susaMgata niyame samajAve che ke jethI sRSTikriyAnI "arI samajutI maLI zake che. vijJAnano ucca Adarza anubhavato ane vizALa tathA vividha kAryapradeza nihALato prAkRtika bhUgoLavidyAno abhyAsI dareke dareka karatI ghaTanAnuM nirIkSaNa kare che ane tene niyamapUrvaka samajAvavAne kta prayAsa kare che. dAkhalA tarIke eka ja akSAMza upara AvelA idezonI AbohavA kema viSama jaNAya che? parvatanAM zikhara sAdhI himathI AcchAdita hoya che ane taLeTIo lIlotarI ane

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4 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna vanaspatithI bharapUra hoya che? eka ja khaMDane eka vibhAga ujaja ane varasAda vagarano hoya che tyAre bIjo vibhAga zAthI puSkaLa varasAda anubhave che? keTalAka akSAMzamAM pavane eka ja dizAmAM niyamasara pheMkAya che tyAre bIjA akSAMzamAM zA mATe teo aniyamita rIte vAya che ? sAgarano eka kAMThe zAnta ane bharatI rahita hoya che tyAre bIjA kAMThA AgaLa zAthI bharatIo ane pravAhe Ave che? pRthvInA amuka bhAgamAM prANuM ane vanaspati puSkaLa jevAmAM Ave che; paraMtu bIjA bhAgamAM teo anukuLa AbehavA maLatA chatAM zAthI vinAza pAme che? parvatanI taLeTImAM vasatA loko kheDuta hoya che, paraMtu hajAra phuTa uMce rahetA ke bharavADa ke pazupAlake kema hoya che? jyAre eka deza vyApAraudyogamAM, buddhibaLamAM ke mAnasika vikAsamAM agresara hoya che tyAre tenA karatAM vadhAre phaLadrupa bIje deza zA mATe ALasu, zAntipriya ane ardhasaMskRta prajAnuM nivAsasthAna che? A ane bIjA hajAro prakane bhaugelika aSakanuM dhyAna kheMce che. uparyukta praznonuM cakkasa ane savistara vivecana karavuM e varNanAtmaka bhUgoLanuM kartavya che; paraMtu emanuM niyamapUrvaka ane sakAraNa nirUpaNa karavuM e prAkRtika bhUgoLavijJAnanuM kartavya che. A uparathI samajAze ke bhUgoLavidyAnA viSayamAM prAkRtika vibhAga ati agatyane bhAga bhajave che ane tene Azaya ghaNe ucca che. AthI prAkRtika bhUgoLane keTalAka graMthakAre arvAcIna bhUgoLa" kahe che, kAraNa ke arvAcIna samayamAM prAkRtika bhUgoLavidhAnA abhyAsanI upayogitA vadhatI jAya che. prAkRtika bhUgoLane anya vijJAna sAthe saMbaMdha bhAgolika dRSTie anveSaNa saMpUrNa thAya tathA prAkRtika bhUgoLano uddeza pAra paDe te mATe tenA abhyAsIne bIjA vaijJAnika

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prAkRtika bhUgoLavijJAna siddhAnone Azraya levo paDe che. pRthvIne AkAra, vistAra, dainika ne vArSika gati ane anya AkAzI grahanI sAthe saMbaMdha vagere hakIkata khagoLavidyAnA abhyAsathI maLe che. pRthvInI gati ane AkAzI grahonI kudaratI ghaTanA upara je asara thAya che te khagoLavidyAnA siddhAne samajAve che. prAkRtika bhUgoLavighAne ane bhUstaravidyAne ghaNe ghADe saMbaMdha che. pRthvInA staramAM thatA niraMtara pheraphAranAM kAraNo, te staramAMthI banatAM agatyanAM baMdhAraNe tathA zilAnA baMdhAraNa ane paristhitithI jamInanI phaLadupatA ane khanIja saMpatti upara thatI asara, vagere niyama bhUstaravidyA zikhave che. zilAnA baMdhAraNathI kudaratI racanAmAM vAraMvAra pheraphAra thayAM kare che. AthI bhUstaravidyAne abhyAsa bhaugolika anveSakane khAsa jarUra che. AbehavAmAM mAlama paDatI zItatA, uSNatA, ke bhinAza ane varSAsthitinA siddhAnta havAmAnavidyA zikhave che; ane AbehavAnI asara manuSyapravRtti upara ghaNI hovAthI havAmAnavidyAne abhyAsa paNa jarUrI che. prANI ane vanaspatinI utpatti, vRddhi ane vividhatA viSe jJAna saMpAdana karavAmAM vanaspatividyA ane prANavidyA paNa madada kare che. bhogolika anveSakane upayuMkta vijJAnone uMDe abhyAsa karavAnI jarUra che, ema A uparathI samajavAnuM nathI. vijJAnanI zAkhAone prAkRtika bhUgoLa sAthe zo saMbaMdha che te jANavuM tathA prAkRtika bhULanA abhyAsamAM temanA niyamonI upayogitA samajavI eTaluM ja prAkRtika bhUgoLavidyAnA abhyAsIne mATe jarUranuM che. pRthvI upara AvelA prANIo ke vanaspationI utpatti viviktA ke upayogitA saMpUrNapaNe jANavA mATe bhaugolika a-- vakane bhUstaravidyA, prAcIna prANavidyA ane vanaspativijJAnI madada levI paDe che. arvAcIna samayamAM prANu ane vanaspati viSe saMpUrNa jJAna saMpAdana karavAmAM bhUgoLavidyAe sauthI sAro phALe

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gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna Apela che. judA judA pradezanAM judAM judAM prANI ane vanaspatithI manuSya pravRtimAM pheraphAra thAya che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa manuSyanI saMskRtimAM phera paDe che. AthI prAkRtika bhUgoLavijJAnane uparyuM vijJAnanI zAkhAo sAthe paNa ghaNe saMbaMdha che. anya prANuM karatAM manuSyanA zarIrabaMdhAraNamAM je ke sthiratA vadhAre hoya che.. te paNa prAkRtika paristhitinI temanA upara asara thAya che. manuSyanA raMgamAM, herAmAM, zarIranA baMdhAraNamAM ane buddhibaLamAM prAkRtika paristhiti pramANe ghaNo phera paDe che. vRkulavidyAne. abhyAsI manuSyanI zArIrika ane mAnasika vilakSaNatAne uM abhyAsa karIne je vividha to ne niyame zodhe che te pa. bhaugolika apakane jarUranAM che. pRthvInA jUdA jUdA khaMDamAM. vasatAM bhinna bhinna raMga ane rUpavALA manuSyanI jAtane apha temanI zArIrika ke mAnasika vilakSaNatAne abhyAsa kaI paNa derA ke vibhAganI prAkRtika paristhiti samajavA mATe atyaMta Avazyaka che. A vivecanathI samajAze ke prAkRtika bhUgoLavidyA ane vijJAnanI zAkhAo vacce ghaNo saMbaMdha che. jo ke dareka vijJAnane kAryapradeza bhinna bhinna hoya che, paraMtu tenAM to ane niyame, anyonya ghaNuM upayogI hoya che. prAkRtika bhUgoLavidyAnI vaijJAnika ane vyAvahArika upayogitA prAkRtika bhUgoLavijJAnanI agatya jeTalI tenA abhyAsIne che teTalI sAmAnya vAMcakane paNa che. pRthvInAM AvaraNomAM jamIna ane jaLanuM pramANa nakkI karavuM, jamInanI uMcAI tathA jaLAzayanI uMDAi mApavI, jamIna uparanI AbohavA tathA samudramAM vahetA pravAhanI asara nihALavI, ane baMnenI sRSTinI anaMta vividhatAnuM nirIkSaNa karavuM, e buddhivikAsanuM parama sAdhana che,

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prAkRtika bhUgoLavijJAna [ 7 eTaluM ja nahIM paNa vyavahArika dRSTie atyaMta upayogI kArya che. pRthvInA paDa upara AvelA parvata ke samudathI judA paDelA, jUdI jUdI AbehavA anubhavatA ane vividha vanaspati, prANuM ane khanIjasaMpattivALA jUdA jUdA dezane mATe eka bIjA sAthe vyApAra kare kudaratI rIte ghaNo ja jarUrI che. vizvanI vividha ghaTanAnI vicitratAnuM sakAraNa saMzodhana karavuM tathA tenI bhinna bhinna pedAzanuM avalokana karavuM athavA te TuMkAmAM je je ApaNuM pRthvInI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che te te tathA ApaNI sagavaDa ane jarUrIyAta ane temane meLavavA mATe naDatI agavaDo ke bhaLatI anukULatAone abhyAsa kare, e ja prAkRtika bhUgoLa vijJAnanuM mukhya tAtparya che. bhaugolika aghaNane mATe jarUranI avalokana ane anumAnazaktimAM. saMprApta karelA jJAnanA samUhamAM ane jUdA jUdA pradezanA varNanAtmaka vivecanathI saMtRpta thatI jIjJAsAmAM A viSayanI vaijJAnika upayogitAne samAveza thAya che. arvAcIna Arthika yuganI Avazyaka saMpatti (vanaspati, prANI ane khanIja ) viSenA jJAnathI ane je je paristhitimAM teo utpanna thAya che tenA tathA anya vibhAgamAM temanA ucheranI zakayatAnA abhyAsathI koI paNa pradezanI Arthika ke vyAvahArika agatya ghaNI vadhe che. samudranA pavane ane pravAha upara AdhAra rAkhatA nAvikane, navA pradezomAM vasavATa karanArAne tathA bhUmizodhakane, navI pedAro ke navA grAhakonI zodhamAM pharatA vyApArIne, anya pradezanAM prANu ne vanaspatine dezamAM ucheravA IcchatA pazupAlaka ke kRSikArane tathA temanI vividhatA ane vistAra viSe saMpUrNa jJAna meLavavA IcchatA jIvavidyAnA abhyAsIne ane zArIrika ane mAnasika paristhiti upara AbehavA ke anya kudaratI ghaTanAnI thatI asara samajavA icchatA zarIravivAna ke mAnasavidyAnA abhyAsIne prAkRtika bhUgoLavijJAna pratyakSa ke parokSa rIte upayogI che

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8 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI gALavijJAna jevI rIte vanaspatividyA, prANIvidyA, ane bhUstaravidyAnA abhyAsIe AsapAsanI sRSTinuM nirIkSaNa karIne vyAvArika udAharaNA meLave che, tevI rIte A vijJAnanA abhyAsI dareka kudaratI ghaTanAnuM sakAraNu saMzAdhana karIne tenI vyAvahArika upayeAgitA zodhI kADhe che. prAkRtika bhUgoLavijJAna mAtra buddhivikAsanu kSetra che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa koI paNa arvAcIna dezeAnI audyogika khIlavaNI mATe tenuM jJAna Avazyaka che. vividha dezeAmAM A vijJAna sabaMdhI divase divase jJAna prasaratuM jAya che ane te jJAnaneA lAbha laine jeTale aMze kudarata sAnukULa banAvI zakAya teTale aMze manuSya temAMthI lAbha meLave che. prAkRtika paristhitinAM mukhya aMgA jamInanuM baMdhAraNa prAkRtika paristhitinuM prAthamika aMga jamInanuM baMdhAraNa che ke jenAthI vividha kudaratI ghaTanAnA AvirbhAva thAya che. pRthvInA stare vividha padArthonA banelA che. keTalAka stareA sIdhA samAntara hAya che tyAre keTalAka avyavasthita staravALA hAya che. A zilAonA starAmAM kAI kAI ThekANe prANIo ane vanaspationA avazeSo ke AkArA paNa jovAmAM Ave che. A zilAe jaLamaya ke jaLasaMcita kahevAya che. zilA para bahArathI havAmAna ane jaLAzaya asara kare che ane aMdarathI bhUgarbha uSNatA asara kare che. AthI pRthvInA stAmAM nira tara pheraphAro thayAM kare che ane je yugeAmAM prANIe ke vanaspatinA avazeSo ceADe ke SaNe aMze A zilAomAM daTAyelA rahe che temane bhUstarazAstrIe jUdA jUdA nAmathI oLakhe che. jUdA jUdA yugAnA zikSAomAM jUdI jUdI khanIja hAya che ane pratyeka khanIjathI bhUminA baMdhAraNamAM paNa pheraphAra thAya che. vividha avazeSonI

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prAkRtika paristhitinAM mukhya aMge [ 9 rUparekhA parathI A zilAonA nirjIvayuga, prAthamika jIvanayuga ane mAdhyamika jIvanayuga, e pramANe vibhAgo karavAmAM Ave che. Ameya zilAonAM rAsAyaNika baMdhAraNa pramANe ke jvALAmukhI sthiti pramANe vibhAge karavAmAM Ave che. vaLI zilAnA svarUpathI bhUminI racanA, jamInanI phaLadrupatA ke khanIjanI vividhatA vagerene nirNaya thaI zake che. AthI bhUstaravijJAna ane prAkRtika bhUgoLavijJAnane ghaNo ghADe saMbaMdha che, e samajAze. pratyeka vijJAnanA abhyAsIne ekabIjAnA siddhA te jANavA Avazyaka che. koI paNa deza ke prAntanI prAkRtika paristhiti saMpUrNa rIte samajavA mATe tyAMnI zilAonA prakAra ane temanI phaLadrupatA para thatI asara vagerenuM jJAna jarUranuM che. bhUmi ane jaLAzayanI paraspara sthiti bhUpRSTharacanAmAM ane kudaratI ghaTanAmAM pheraphAra karanAra bIjuM kAraNa bhUmi ane jaLAzayanI sthiti che. pRthvInA paDane lagabhaga zrethe bhAga bhUmithI bharapUra che ane bAkInA piNa bhAgamAM jaLAzo AvelAM che. pRthvInA nakazAnuM avalokana karavAthI mAlama paDaze ke bhUminA be mukhya vibhAgo thaI zake che. eka pUrva goLArdha athavA jUnI duniyA ane bIje pazcima goLArdha athavA navI duniyA. A be vibhAgo vaLI jUdA jUdA khaDe ane dezamAM vaheMcAI gayelA che. bhUmine ghaNokharo moTo bhAga uttara goLArdhamAM Avela che. uttara goLArdhamAM A bhUmi pahoLI ane vistIrNa che, paNa dakSiNa goLArdhamAM te trikoNAkAra ane sAMkaDI thatI dekhAya che. AkhI pRthvIne vIMTaLAI rahelo mahAsAgara ke je jUdA jUdA bhUmiamUhAthI vibhakta thayela che te cheka uttara dhruvathI dakSiNa dhruva parvata zrAvelo che. jaLa ane jamInanI paraspara sthiti tathA saMbaMdhathI vividha

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10 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgALavijJAna kudaratI ghaTanAnA AvirbhAva thAya che. samudramAM AvatA bharatI ke eTa, garama pravahe, jaLa ne jamInanI viSama uSNatA ke zAMtata tha utpanna thatA patrane, varALa, varasAda vagere ghaTanA ke je Abhe. upara asara kare che tathA anya prAkRtika banAvA jaLAzaya ane jamInanI vamAna racanAthI utpanna thAya che. jamIna ane jA zayanI vartamAna piristhitinuM zuM kAraNa hoI zake athavA te uttaragALAmAM ane khAsa karIne samazIteSNa kaTibaMdhamAM zA mATe jamIna meTA vistAramAM AvelI che ane zAthI te dakSiNa tarapha trikANAkAra ane sAMkaDI thatI jAya che te bhUgAvidyA ke bhUstaravidyA keI samAvI zake tema nathI. paraMtu eTaluM teA kahI zakAya ke jaLAzaya ane jamInanI vartamAna paristhiti e bhUgarbha mAM ke bhUstaramAM thatA avirata kSebhAnu pariNAma che. A uparathI samajAze ke pRthvInA paDamAM thatA avirata kSobheAthI prAkRtika racanAmAM paNa avazya pheraphAra thAya che. jeTale aMze pRthvInA mahAna khaDe bhUpRSTaracanA badalAya che teTale aMze jaLAzayAnI ane AmehavAnI ghaTanAmAM paNa pheraphAra thAya che. te uparAMta prANI ane vanaspatinI vividhatAmAM tathA manuSyanI zArIrika ke mAnasika vilakSaNatAmAM pa uparAkta ghaTanAthI pheraphAra thAya che. bhUminI racanA bhUminI bAhya racanAmAM paryaMta ke uccapradeza, medAna ke khA ghaNA bhAga bhajave che. pRthvI upara patA ke khINA bhUgarbhamAM thatA niratara kSeAbhAthI thAya che ane jaLArAya te havAmAna bhUmine sapATa karavAmA madada kare che. keTalIka jagyAe jvALAmukhIta asarathI bhUmi hAradha upasI Ave che ane temAMthI patanI hArA utpanna thAya che. yurezIyAmAM parvatanI hAra pUrvathI pazcima tarapha AvelI che. AthI khaMDanI laMbAI pUrvathI pazcima che

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prAkRtika paristhitinAM mukhya aMgo [ it ane nadIonAM vaheNA mukhyatve karIne uttara ke dakSiNa tarapha AvelAM che; paraMtu amerIkAmAM parvatanI hAra dakSiNathI uttara tarapha AvelI che, eTale nadIonAM vaheNA pUrva ke pazcima dizAmAM che. pRthvInA khaMDAnI mAka anya pradeza ke dIpakalponI laMbA sne| AdhAra tyAM AvelA patAnI dizA upara rahe che bhUstaravidyA bhUgALavidyAne keTale aMze mAdaka che. te AthI samajAze. koI paNa khaMDa ke dezanI bhUstaracanAnA abhyAsathI khAtrI thAya che ke agnijanya kSeAbhe! ghaNA bhAge temanA patAnI dizA ane parimANu pramANe thAya che. pRthvInAM mahAna medAneAma AvA kSeAbhA nahIM thavAthI kudaratI rIte temanI dizA paNa parvatanI hAra pramANe hoya che. paraMtu nadIo DhoLAva pramANe vahetI hovAthI patAnI mukhya hAranI virUddha dizAmAM vahana kare che, ane bhUminI racanAmAM vividhatA utpanna kare che. yurezIyAmAM pirInIjha, Alpsa, kArpethIyansa, kokeza, himAlaya, thIya:nsana ane AlAi vagere patAnI mukhya dvArA che ke jee pazcimamAM cheka ATalAnTIka mahAsAgarathI zarU thaI pUrvamAM eDrIMganI sAmudradhunI sudhI AvelI che. AnI uttare madhya yureApa ne sAkkhIrIyA ane dakSiNe hindustAna te cAinAnA medAnA AvelA che. amerIkAmAM pA ane medAneAnI dizA AthI virUddha che. patA, uccapradeze!, medAnA ane khINe paraspara upayAgI che. parvatAthI pAsenA medAnamAM varasAda paDe che ane nadIe vahe che ane jyAM parvateA nathI tyAM ujjaDa raNe! utpanna thAya che. AthI khyAla Avaze ke keAI paNa deza ke prAMtanI prAkRtika paristhitinA mukhya AdhAra bhUminI racanA upara rahe che. ane bhuminI racanAmAM pheraphArA ghaNuM karIne bhUgarbha kSeAbhAthI thAya che, jaLAzayanI racanA ane AMtarika kSabhe pRthvInAM jaLAzayeAnI racanA ane AMrtAraka kSeAbhe prAkRtika

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-12 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUMgAvijJAna paristhiti upara dhaNI asara kare che. mahAsAgarAnI jUdI jUdI racanA, uMDAI, dhanatA ane uSNatAmAna pramANe kudaratI ghaTanAmAM paNa pheraphAra thAya che. ArkaTIka mahAsAgaranA jevI asarathI vimukta rahelA pesijhIka mahAsAgaranI sthiti ATalAnTIka mahAsAgaranA karatAM taddana judIja che. vaLI hiMdI mahAsAgara ke je traNe bAjue jamInathI vIMTaLAyelA che ane uSNa kaTibaMdhamAM AveleA che tenI sthiti ane mahAsAgara karatAM jUdI che. hiMdI ane ATalAnTIka mahAsAgara uMDA ane khaDaka rahIta che. paraMtu pesiIka mahAsAgaramAM khaDaka ane dvIpa bahu AvelA che. samudranA pANInI sarAsarI dhanatA, jyAre uSNatAmAna 62 DIgrI heAya che tyAre 10275 heAya che, ane jeTale aMze pANImAM kSAra vadhAre ke oche| hAya che te pramANe banatA vadhe ke ghaTe che. samudranA pANImAM kSAra vadhAre hovAthI bASpabhavana ke zItabhavana jaldI thaI zakatAM nathI. samudranI sapATI uparanA pANImAM ekasIjana vadhAre hoya che ane uMDANanA bhAgamAM kAra)nIka esIDa puSkaLa heAya che. jaLAzayanA pANInA uSNatAna mAnamAM akSAMza ne Rtubheda pramANe pheraphAra thAya che. paraMtu uMDANanA bhAgamAM uSNatAmAna echuM thatuM jAya che. samudranA taLIyAnI racanA paNa bahAranI jamInanA jevI hoya che; kAraNa ke bhUgabhakSAbhAthI nIce besI gayelA pRthvInA stareAnA tee banelA hoya che. mahA sAgaramAM mAlama paDatI vividha ghaTanA prAkRtika paristhitimAM ghaNA pheraphAra kare che eTaluMja nahi paNa AkhehavA, prANI ane vanaspati upara thADI ke ghaNI asara kare che. mahAsAgaramAM utpanna thatAM meAjA, bharatIo ane pravAha prAkRtika racanA upara asara kare che, eTalu ja nahIM paNa AAhavAmAM pheraphAra kare che. sUrya ane caMdranA AkaSa NuthI utpanna thatA bharatI ke ATa uSNatAmAna upara asara kare che ane keTalAMka pratikULa baMdarAne atyaMta lAbhakartA thAya che. mahAsAgaranAM vividha

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AbehavAnAM mukhya kAraNo [ 13 uSNatAmAna ane ghanatAthI utpanna thatA ThaMDA ane garama pravAha pRthvI uparanA keTalAka pratikULa AbohavA anubhavatA pradezane AzirvAdarUpa thaI paDe che. mahAsAgara uparAMta sthAnika jaLAza jevAM ke nadIo, saravare ane jharAo paNa AbehavA upara asara kare che. mahAsAgaranuM pANI varALa thaI uce caDhe che ane varasAda rUpe pRthvI upara paDe che. parvatamAMthI vahetI nadIo mArgamAMthI kSAra vagere padArtho samudramAM laI jAya che. AthI samudranuM pANI khAruM thAya che. varasAdanuM pANI je jamInamAM adazya thAya che te jUdA jUdA khaDakamAM thaine jharaNA rUpe bahAra Ave che. keTalAMka jharaNAM judAM judAM rasAyaNathI mizrita hoya che tyAre keTalAkamAMthI pravAha akhalita rIte vahete heAya che. nadIo jevA mArgamAMthI vahe che te pramANe teo vyavahAra mATe yogya ke ayogya hoya che. nadIonA jaLamaLa vaDe AsapAsanA pradezanI phaLadrupatA paNa vadhe che. chatAM sthAnika jaLAzayo kastAM mahAsAgaranI AbohavA upara asara ghaNuM thAya che. uparyukta prAkRtika paristhitithI vividha kudaratI ghaTanAne AvirbhAva thAya che ane temanI saMyukta asarathI jUdI jUdI manuSyanI pravRtio ghaDAya che, AbehavAnAM mukhya kAraNe koI paNa pradezanI prAkRtika paristhiti jANavA mATe tyAMnI bhUpRtharacanAnuM jJAna Avazyaka che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa tyAMne havAmAnanI sthiti jANavI jarUrI che. AthI prAkRtika bhUgoLavijJAnanA abhyAsIne havAmAnavidyAnA siddhAnto samajavA paDe che. vAtAvaraNamAM judA judA vAyu jUdA jUdA pramANamAM mazrita hoya che ane te pramANa vanaspati ane prANInA jIvanane Avazyaka che, vaLI vAtAvaraNa pRthvInAM paDa upara ochuM ke vadhAre dabANa kare che

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14 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna ke jethI uSNatAmAnamAM paNa pheraphAra thAya che. sUryanA prakAza ane SNutA vAtAvaraNamAM thaine pRthvI upara Ave che, paraMtu bhaugolika kAraNeAne laine vAtAvaraNa judA jUdA pramANamAM uSNu thAya chaeN. AthI havAi pravAheA ke pavane utpanna thAya che ke jenAthI kudaratI ghaTanAmAM vividha pheraphAra thAya che. uSNu havAmAM bhinAza vadhAre hoya che ane zIta padAnA saMsargamAM AvatA jhAkaLa, dhummasa, varasAda ke karA rUpe te nIce paDe che. A jaLajanya ghaTanA prANI ane vanaspatine ghaNI upayegIM thAya che. varasAdanuM pramANa jUdI jUdI prAkRtika paristhiti pramANe khadalAya che. AthI samazIteSNa kaTibaMdhamAM 10 thI 80 iMca sudhI narasAda paDe che ane 100 thI 500 iMca sudhInu pramANa uSNa kaTiadhamAM mAlama paDe che. jayAre havAnu` uSNatAmAna zItabiMduthI nIce jAya che tyAre dhummasanA baraph ke karA thaI jAya che. AthI dhruva vibhA gamAM ane ucca pradezanA zikhara para niratara barapha paDayA rahe che. TAI paNa pradezanI AbehavAmAM pheraphAra karanArA bhaugolika kAraNe eka karatAM vadhAre che te A uparathI samajAze. pavana, varasAda, uSNatA ane bhinAza vagerenI sarAsarI sthitine AmehavA kahe che. koI paNa pradezanI vanaspati athavA tA prANInI vividhatAmAM AbehavA agatyanA bhAga bhajave che. paraMtu tenI vadhAre asara tyAMnA lokonI khAsIyatamAM jovAmAM Ave che. AkhehavAmAM pheraphAra karanArAM mukhyatve karIne nIcenAM kAraNA heAya che-- (1) viSuvavRttanuM aMtara (ra) samudra ke jaLAzayanuM aMtara (3) samudramAM vahetA pravAha (4) jamIna upara vAtA pavana (5) parvatanI dizA ane sthiti (6) samudranI sapATIthI uMcAI (7) jamInano DhaLAva uparyukta kAraNe!nI sa`yukta asarathI kAI paNa sthaLanI

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[ 15 AbohavAnAM mukhya kAraNe AbehavA mukarara thAya che. phakta eka ja kAraNathI AbohavAne nirNaya thaI zakatuM nathI. viSuvavRttanA mAtra najIkapaNAthI ke pradeza atizaya garama che ema mAnavuM te bhUlabhareluM che. dakSiNa amerIkAnA daDora vibhAganuM mukhya zahera yuTo lagabhaga viSuvavRtta upara AveluM che, chatAM tyAMnI AbohavA eTalI sakhata ke garama nathI, kAraNa ke te samudranI sapATIthI bahu uce AveluM che. vaLI eka ja akSAMza upara AvelAM sthaLAnI AbohavAmAM paNa ghaNo phera paDe che. koI sthaLe eka AhavAnuM kAraNa pratikULa hoya, paraMtu bIjA sAnukULa hoya te ekaMdare AbehavA mAphakasara bane che. jyAM AbehavAnuM eka ja kAraNa jorAvara hoya tyAM sAmAnya rIte AbehavAmAM pheraphAra tenAthI ja thAya che. viSuvavRttanuM aMtara koI paNa sthaLanI AbohavAne AdhAre te sthaLa viSuvavRttathI keTale dUra ke najIka che tenA upara rahe che; kAraNa ke sUryanAM kiraNa keTalA aMzane khUNe karIne pRthvI upara Ave che teno nirNaya A aMtarathI thaI zake che. jema sUryanAM kiraNo sIdhI lITImAM paDe tema uSNutA vadhAre paDe che. AthI viSuvavRtta AgaLa sauthI vadhAre garamI paDe che ane dhruva AgaLa sauthI vadhAre ThaMDI paDe che. bane kaTibaMdhanI madhyamAM aMtara pramANe ochIvattI garamI ke ThaMDI paDe che. je bIjAM karaNe AbehavA upara asara na karatAM hoya to mukhyatve karIne te jagyAnA akSAMza athavA viSuvavRttanuM aMtara havAmAna upara dhaNuM asara kare che. amuka ke jaLAzayanuM aMtara je pRthvInuM taLIyuM sapATa jamInanuM athavA jaLanuM heta to ekaja aMkSAza upara AvelA pradezomAM sarakhI garamI ke ThaMDI paThana, paraMtu pRthvInI racanA AvI nathI. jamIna ane jaLAzayanI

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16 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna paraspara sthitithI te sthaLanA havAmAnamAM pheraphAra thAya che, pAchuM jamIna karatAM dhImethI garama thAya che tema ja dhImethI ThaMDu paDe che. AthI jamIna ane jaLAzayanI AsapAsanuM havAmAna pavananI madadathI mizra thAya che. AvAM sthaLonI AbehavA unALAmAM vadhAre ThaMDI ane ziyALAmAM vadhAre haMphALI hoya che. jo ke sthaLo samudrathI dUra AvelAM hoya paraMtu temanI AsapAsa sarovara hoya te paNa tyAM havA sukhakAraka ane mAphakasara bane che. dAkhalA tarIke razIyAnI madhyamAM jaLAzayanA abhAve havAmAna ativiSama che, tyAre uttara amerIkAnI madhyamAM mahAna saravarene lIdhe AbehavA pramANamAM sukhakAraka che. samudramAM vahetA pravAha keTalIka vakhata samudramAM vahetA garama pravAhathI ThaMDA pradezanA kinArA chevAya che tyAre te pradezanI AbohavAmAM atizaya pheraphAra thAya che. vaLI garama pravAha taraphathI vAtA pavana ThaMDA pradezanI havA. huMphALI ane bhinAzavALI banAve che. briTiza TApumAM ziyALAmAM ochI ThaMDI paDe che tenuM kAraNa e che ke "galphasTrIma " nAmane garama pANIne pravAha tenA kinArAne dhUve che ane pavanathI havA huMphALI thAya che. samudramAM vahetA ThaMDA pravAhanI asara ethI viruddha cAya che. pazcima jApAnanI garama havA ThaMDA "yurIla' pravAhane laIne mAphaka Ave tevI bane che. sAmAnya rIte garama pravAha karatAM ThaMDA pravAhanI AbohavA upara asara ghaNI ochI thAya che. jamIna upara vAtA pavana vAtAvaraNamAM garamI ke ThaMDI prasAravAmAM pavana agatyane bhAga bhajave che. jamIna taraphathI vAtA pavanamAM bhinAza hotI nathI, paNa je pradeza upara te vAya che te jagyAnuM havAmAna vadhAre haMphALuM ke vadhAre zItaLa banAve che. uSNa samudra taraphathI vAtA pavana sAmAnya

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AbehavAnAM mukhya kAraNe [ 17 rIte uSNatA ane bhinAza lAve che, tyAre zIta samudra taraphathI vAtA pavana AbohavAne ThaMDI ane sUkI banAve che. AthI khyAla Avaze ke koI paNa sthaLa AgaLa samudra ke jaLAzaya hoya, paraMtu je tyAM pavana na vAtA hoya te te pradezanI AbehavA upara bilakula asara thatI nathI. varSo RtuvALA pavana samudra taraphathI AvIne parvata sAthe athaDAya che ane pAsenA pradezamAM varasAda rUpe paDe che. parvatanI dizA ane sthiti. parvatanI dizA ane sthiti paNa AbohavA upara ghaNuM asara kare che. parvatanI je bAjue bhejavALA pavana athaDAte hoya te bAju bhinAzavALI ane bIjI bAju taraphano pradeza sUke hoya che. himAlaya parvatanI dizA ane sthiti hiMdane ghaNuM lAbhakatI che, kAraNa ke uttara taraphanA ThaMDA pavanane roke che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa dakSiNa taraphathI vAtA bhejavALA pavanane aTakAvIne varasAda lAve che. vaLI ITAlIne Asa parvata ThaMDA pavanane rokIne te pradezane garama rAkhe che ane razIyAmAM eka uMco parvata na hovAthI uttarane ThA pavana cheka kALA samudra sudhI vAya che. samudranI sapATIthI uMcAi pRthvInI sapATI pAsenI havA ghaTTa ane bhInI hovAthI garamI vadhAre saMdhare che. AthI havAnA nIcalA paDane saiAthI vadhAre uSNatA maLe che ane jema samudranI sapATIthI uMcAI vadhAre tema havAnuM uSNatAmAna ochuM thAya che. je A kudaratI niyama na heta to viSuvavRtta upara AvelA parvata baraphathI AcchAdita heta nahi. A agatyanA AhavAnA kAraNathI uSNa kaTibaMdhamAM AvelA ucca pradezanI ghaNI jagyAo manuSyane rahevA lAyaka banI che; paraMtu samazItoSNu kaTibaMdhamAMnA keTalAka uccapradeza taddana nirjana ane verAna mAlama paDe che. pUrva AphrikAnuM memmasA zahera ane dakSiNa amerIkAnA

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18 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUMgALavijJAna kAlabIyA prAMtanuM khe!gATA zahera viSuvavRttanI uttare cAra akSAMza upara AvelAM che; paNa pahelA zaheramAM sakhatamAM sakhata garamI paDe che tyAre khIjAmAM sAdhAraNa garamI paDe che. samudranI sapATIthI jamInanI uMcAi viSuvavRttanA nakapaNAthI thatI asarane mAkasara banAve che. jamInanA DhALAva jamInane DhALAva paNa havAnA uSNatAmAna upara asara kare che. viSuvavRtta AgaLa sUryanAM kiraNA kATakhUNe paDatAM hAvAthI tyAM sakhata garamI paDe che, paraMtu tenAthI dUranA pradezamAM kiraNA tIrakasa rIte paDatAM hovAthI garamI echI paDe che. vaLI jamInane DhoLAva sUnA sAme AvatA hAya ane kiraNe! tarakasa rIte paDe teApaNu echI jagyAmAM kiraNa AvavAthI garamI vadhAre paDe che. tethI ulaTuM te DhaLAva sAme na hoya te| kiraNA vadhAre jagyAmAM AvavAthI uSNutA ochI paDe che. uttara geALAmAM dakSiNa tarapha dALa hAvAthI tyAMnI havA sUryanAM kiraNA sIdhAM paDavAthI garama rahe che ane dakSiNa gALA mAM ethI ulaTu thAya che. AthI Alpsa ane himAlayanA dakSiNa DhALe! kudrupa che ane nyUjhIlAMDa dakSiNa gALAdhU'mAM hovAthI tenI uttara bAju phaLadrupa che. iTAlInA lembADI medAnanA uttara bhAga dakSiNa bhAga karatAM AbehavAmAM atyaMta sukhakAraka che, kAraNa ke A medAna DhALAva paDatuM che. A uparAMta jamInanI jAta, ja Mgale ane khetI vagere pazu havAnI uSNatA ane bhejane asara kare che. A uparathI khyAla Avaze ke AmehavAmAM pheraphAra karanArAM aneka kAraNo che ane temanI saMyukta asarathI havAnA uSNatAmAnamAM pheraphAra thAya che. pRthvInA kASTha bhAganI havA garama ane bhejavALI, kAmanI bhejavALI phaeNMDI, temaja keTanI garma ane sukI bheja vagaranI hoya che. TAI

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prAkRtika paristhitinA saMbadha [ 19 pradezamAM ghaNe! varasAda paDe che tyAre kAimAM bilakula paDato nathI. A sarva pheraphArA uparyukta kAraNeAthI thAya che ane temAM mukhyatve karIne prAkRtika racanA ghaNA bhAga bhajave che. kudarata ane AkhehavAnI saMyukta asarathI manuSyanAM lakSaNA ane tenI pravRtio paNa kAlAntare badalAtI jAya che. prAkRtika paristhitinA anuSyanI pravRtti ane saMskRti sAthe sabaMdha prAkRtika paristhitinAM be mukhya aMge bhUpRSTaracanA ane AbehavA manuSyanI pravRtti ane saMskRti upara prAthamika asara kare che. vanaspati ane prANI ke jemanI utpatti, vikAsa ane vividhatAnA AdhAra upayukta kAraNA upara rahe che te paNa thaDe ke dhaNe aMze manuSya upara asara kare che. racanA manuSyanI kAma karavAnI zakti tenI raheNIkaheNI ane tene dhaMdhA kudaratI racanAthI ghaDAya che. parvata, nadI, sarAvara ke samudra je pradezamAM AvelA hoya tyAMnA leAkeA upara ghaNI asara kare che. uttara amerIkAnA rAkI paryaMta athavA to hindustAnanA himAlaya parvata jo ke vyavahAra mATe pratikULa che, chatAM pAsenA pradezanI AkhehavAmAM ghaNA pheraphAra kare che. ghaNI vakhata patamAMthI kiMmatI khanIje nIkaLavAthI te pradeza udyogapradhAna paNa thaI zake che. jamanIne hA parvata potAnI kimatI khanIjo vaDe Adyogika pravRttine sArA pramANamAM poSe che. keTalIka vakhata parvata uparathI paDatA dhodhamAMthI vidyuta pedA thai zake che ane te udyoganI khIlavaNImAM sArA bhAga bhajave che. TAlInA parvatAmAMthI ghaNI vidyuta utpanna karavAmAM Ave

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20 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna che. hiMdamAM paNa jaLazaktine upayoga thavA lAgyo che. dakSiNamAM kAverI nadInA dhodhamAMthI, paMjAbamAM satalaja nadInA dhodhanAM vaheNa-- mAMthI ane muMbaImAM pazcima ghATapara AvelA sarovaramAMthI utpanna. thatI vidyuta vaDe AsapAsanA pradezane ghaNe lAbha maLe che. | nadIno upayoga sAmAnya rIte vyavahAranA sAdhana tarIke puSkaLa thAya che. te uparAMta nadInI AsapAsane pradeza ghaNe bhAge sapATa hovAthI jamIna mArgane vyavahAra paNa sAnukULa thaI paDe che, yurepanI DAnyuba nadI, brahmadezanI irAvadI nadI ane amerIkAnI haDasana nadI je ke DuMgarALa pradezamAMthI vahe che chatAM temanA vaheNu pAsenA sapATa medAnamAMthI prasAra thatI moTI relave mAraphate puSkaLa vyavahAra cAle che. AphrIkAnI jhAMbesI nadI ghaNA dhaMdhane laIne ane dakSiNa hindI nadIo uMDI khINone laIne vyavahArogya nathI, chatAM temanI Arthika agatya vadhArI zakAya tema che. temanA dhodhamAMthI utpanna thatI vidyutazakti vaDe audyogika khIlavaNI thaI zake ema che. keTalAka pradezamAM nadI ke parvata rAjakIya hada oLakhavAmAM upayogI thaI paDe che. jarmanI ane phrAnsa vaccenI vAIna nadI athavA te spena ane kAnsa vacceno pirinIjha parvata ghaNA vakhatathI rASTriya sImA tarIke oLakhAya che. vaLI ghaNI nadIo mukha AgaLa DeTA-doAba banAve che, AthI pradezanI phaLadrupatA ane varatImAM paNa vRddhi thAya che. uccapradeza paNa manuSyanI paristhitimAM ati mahatvane bhAga bhajave che. ghaNe bhAge AvA uccapradeze relave vyavahAra mATe pratikULa hoya che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa varasAda ocho paDavAthI tyAM vAraMvAra duSkALa paDe che. te uparAMta tyAMnI nadIo paNa jhaDapathI vahetI. hovAthI vyavahArogya banatI nathI. medAnavALA pradezamAM ke jyAM AbohavA anukULa hoya che tyAM

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prAkRtika paristhitinA sabadha [ 1 khetI ane DhAranA cArA mATe puSkaLa jamIna hoya che. AvAM medAneAmAM khetI mATe jyAre arvAcIna yAMtrika sAdhanA vaparAya che, athavA te relvevyavahAra zarU thAya che tyAre temanI Arthika agatya dhaNI vadhe che. keneDA, arjenTAina ane esTrelIyAnAM medAnA khetInI ucca kakSAe pahoMcelAM che tenuM mukhya kAraNa anukULa AkhADhavA ane sapATa phaLadrupa pradeza che. AbehavA AmehavA paNa bhUpRSTharacanAnI mAphaka manuSyapravRttine niyamamAM rAkhatuM agatyanuM kAraNa che. AmehavAthI jUdA jUdA dezanI khArAkanI pedAza thI heAI zake te mAlama paDe che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa manuSyanI kAryazakti ane khAmIyatamAM pheraphAra paDe che. uttara AphrIkAnuM saharAnuM raNa ane khIjA raNe| pratikULa AmehavAthI banelA che te maMtavya khATuM nathI. pRthvInAM mahAna raNe| phaLadrupatAnI kheATane laine khanelAM nathI, paraMtu varasAdanI achatane lIdhe banelAM che. anukULa AkhehavAvALA pradezA jevAM ke varSA RtunA dezamAM (hindustAna, cIna vagere) vanaspati ne kheArAka puSkaLa jaththAmAM utpanna thAya che, kAraNa ke tyAM Rtusara pUratA varasAda paDe che. keTalIka jagyAe manuSya pratikULa AmehAne anukULa banAvIne peAtAnA upayAgamAM le che. IjIptanI nAila nadI ane si MdhanI siMdhu nadImAMthI kADhelI naherAe verAna pradezane phaLadrupa banAvyA che ke je manuSyaprayatnanI sAkSI pUre che. AkheDavAthI manuSyanI kAryazaktimAM paNa pheraphAra thAya che te jUdA jUdA dezanA loke!nI sarakhAmaNI uparathI mAlama paDe che. varSA RtuvALA pradezamAM khArAka ghaNA jaththAmAM utpanna thatA hAvAthI tyAMnA lokone khArAka ghaNI sahelAithI maLe che. vaLI te pradezamAM atizaya garamI paDatI hAvAthI leAkeAnI kAryazakti paNa pramANamAM ochI hoya che. AthI samazItANu pradezamAM vasatA loko

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22 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna karatAM varSA RtuvALA athavA uNa pradezamAM rahetA loke sAmAnya rIte ALasu, zAntipriya ane aniyamita svabhAvanA hoya che. greTa briTana jevA dezamAM ke jyAM manuSyane apratibaddha rIte kAma karavAmAM aDacaNa paDe tevI ThaMDI paDatI nathI athavA te audyogika svabhAvane pratikULa nIvaDe tevI sakhata garamI paDatI nathI tyAM mukhyatve karIne loke. sAhasika, ughogI, utsAhI ane pragatizIla bane che tenuM eka kAraNa AbehavA ja che. vanaspati vanaspati paNa manuSyapravRttine niyamamAM rAkhatuM eka agatyanuM kAraNa che, paraMtu tene AdhAra kudaratI racanA ane AbehvA upara rahe che. DuMgarALa pradezamAM jeTale aMze jamIna darIyAnI sapATIthI uMcI hoya che teTale aMze vanaspati paNa ochAvattA pramANamAM uge che. vaLI parvatanI vAyuvALI bAju karatAM virUddha bAjumAM taddana jUdI vanaspati mAlama paDe che, kAraNa ke vAyuvALI bAju tarapha pavana varasAda lAve che tethI AbehavAmAM phera paDe che. rekI parvatanI vAyuvALI bAjumAM puSkaLa varasAda paDavAthI ghaNuM kiMmatI vRkSa uge che ane nIcANanA DhaLAva upara phaLanuM sArU vAvetara thAya che. te ja parvatanI virUddha bAjue lagabhaga vRkSa ugatAM ja nathI, tethI tyAMnI vanaspatimAM ghAsa ne choDavA sivAya kaMI jovAmAM AvatuM nathI. viSuvavRtta AgaLanA pradezamAM atizaya vanaspati uge che tenuM kAraNa paNa AbohavA che. dakSiNa amerIkAnI AmAjhona nadI ane AphrIkAnI kege nadInI AsapAsanA pradezamAM satata garamI ane varasAda paDavAthI eTalAM badhAM ghIghIca jaMgalo AvelAM che ke haju sudhI keTalIka jagyAe manuSya vasavATa karI zakayo nathI ane kudaratanuM sAmrAjya paNa acaLa raheluM che. AvA pradezamAM vaLI

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prAkRtika paristhitino saMbaMdha [ 23 manuSyano vasavATa karavAne keTale bhoga Apavo paDaze teno khyAla paNa AvI zake tema nathI. uttaradhruva pAsenA ThaMDA raNapradezamAM vipuvavRttanA pradeza karatAM taddana judI ja vanaspati uge che tenuM kAraNa paNa AbAhavA che. tyAM nAnA choDavA ne zevALa sivAya kaMI ugatuM ja nathI. ziyALAmAM sarva pradeza baraphathI eTalo chavAI jAya che ke kaMI pravRtti thaI zakatI nathI. unALAmAM paNa jamIna bhinAzavALI rahe che, paraMtu jyAre sUryane prakAza vadhavA mAMDe che tyAre kudarata dhIme dhIme khIle che ane jamIna eka prakAranI vanaspatithI chavAI jAya che. A vakhate loko temanAM raheThANomAMthI dhIme dhIme bahAra Ave che ane AvatA ziyALAne mATe khorAkane saMgraha karavA lAge che. prANI manuSyapravRtine aMkuzamAM rAkhatuM zuM kAraNa prANajIvana che. jo ke prANunI vividhatAno AdhAra jUdI jUdI vanaspati upara rahe che, paraMtu kudaratI racanA ane AbohavA mukhya kAraNa che. UMTa ke je ghaNA divasa sudhI pANu vagara musApharI karI zake che te haMmezAM garama retALa pradezamAM jovAmAM Ave che, ane retALa pradeza hovAnuM mukhya kAraNa AbohavA che. gheTAM sAmAnya rIte jyAM sakhata garama ane bhinAzavALI havA hoya che tyAM ucherAtAM nathI, paraMtu ThaMDA pradezamAM jyAM ghAsacAre puSkaLa hoya che tyAM jovAmAM Ave che. garama pradezamAM jyAM jamInanA uMcANane lIdhe havA mAphakasara bane che, tyAM paNa gheTAMnI uchera sArI thAya che; kAraNa ke AvI jagyAe kudaratI racanA ane AbohavAnI saMyukta asarathI gheTAM jevAM prANIne uchera sahelAIthI thaI zake che. prANunI pedAzanI upayogitA pramANe manuSya pravRttimAM paNa agatyanA pheraphAra thAya che. prAkRtika paristhiti para manuSyane kAbu bhUgoLavettAonuM evuM maMtavya che ke uparyukta kAraNe je ke

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ra4 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna manuSyanI khAsIyatane saMpUrNapaNe niyamamAM rAkhatAM nathI te paNa teo manuSyanI dareka pravRtti, sthaLasthiti ke vasavATa upara prAthamika asara kare che. kudaratI kAraNe sivAya rAjakIya kAraNe paNa keTaleka aMze manuSya upara asara kare che. dAkhalA tarIke cInanI rAjakIya azAti ane AMtaravigraha rASTranI Arthika pragati karavAmAM ghaNuM harakata kare che. vaLI koI dezamAM judI judI jAtanI zodhakhoLathI kudaratI lAbha na hoya te paNa pragati thaI zake che. chellA eka saikAmAM kApaDanA udyogane mATe yAMtrika sAdhanamAM je zodhakhoLa thaI che temaNe udyoganuM ajaba parivartana karyuM che. vaLI vyavahAranAM sAdhanamAM je arvAcIna vikAsa thayo che tethI dUra dUranA aMdhakAramaya ane agamya gaNAtA pradeza manuyane rahevA lAyaka sthaLo thaI gayA che. jeTale aMze pratikULa kudarata sahelAIthI sAnukULa thaI zake teTale aMze manuSya tenA prayatnamAM saphaLa thayA che, te vAta nirvivAda che. chatAM duniyAmAM mahAna garama raNanI sthitimAM haju kaMI pheraphAra thayo nathI; kAraNa ke asaMkhya kharca karatAM paNa kudarata kaI paNa upAye sAnukULa thaI zake tema nathI. AthI ulaTuM duniyAnAM mahAna rasALa medAnamAM ke jyAM ghaNA Dherano uchera thaI zake che temaja aDhaLaka dhanadhAnya utpanna thaI zake che tyAM asaMkhya kheDuto ane paradezIo jaI vase che. vaLI AvA medAne vyavahArogya hevAthI vyApAra paNa vRddhi pAme che. keneDAnA phaLadrupa medAnanuM (preyarI) nikAsasthAna vinipega zahera duniyAnuM moTuM vyApAramathaka thaI paDayuM che, kAraNa ke tenI sthaLasthiti atyaMta lAbhakartA che. kudarata athavA AbohavA manuSya upara jUdI jUdI rIte asara kare che. manuSyanA poSAka, vasavATa, kherAka, dhaMdhA, rIvAjo, zArIrika ane mAnasika khAsIyate, zAsanapaddhati, paradezagamana ane itihAsa, e upara AbohavAnI ochIvattI asara thAya che. manuSyanI prAthamika avasthAmAM kudaratanuM sAmrAjya ghaNuM hatuM,

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prAkRtika paristhitine saMbaMdha [ 25 paraMtu arvAcIna pragatizIla manuSya pratikULa kudaratI asarane sAnukULa banAvI che. vRkSanAM pAMdaDAM ke velA athavA prANInI cAmaDI vaDe zarIranuM rakSaNa karavAne badale arvAcIna manuSya vividha sutarAu garama ke rezamI poSAka pahere che. pahADanI bakholamAM ke jhADa upara rahevAne badale hAlane manuSya cUnA pattharanAM bAMdhelAM bhavya makAnamAM rahe che. vaLI phaLaphula ke jaMgalanI pedAza upara nirvAha karavAne badale te vividha khorAkanI vAnIo meLave che. A sarva pheraphAra manuSya karI zako che ane teTalA pramANamAM teNe kudarata upara vijaya meLavyo che ema kahI zakAya. paraMtu AhavAmAM pheraphAra te karI zake nathI ane e tenI zaktinI bahAra che. jeTale aMze AbehavAmAM pheraphAra thaI zakyA nathI teTale aMze arvAcIna saMskRtinA yugamAM paNa kudaratanI asara sIdhI ke ADakatarI rIte jovAmAM Ave che. AhavA sivAya paradezagamana, vAra, AMtarajAtIya lagna, vividha saMjogo ane avasare vagere kAraNe manuSya upara asara kare che. samaya paNa temAM amUlya bhAga bhajave che, kAraNa ke kAlAntare manuSya eka paristhitimAMthI bIjImAM Ave che. chatAM AbohavA e agra kAraNa che ane tenI asara apratima rahelI che. manuSyanAM zArIrika ke mAnasika lakSaNo upara ke tenI vividha pravRttio upara AbohavAnI ochIvattI asara thAya che. manuSyanA vasavATane AdhAra ghaNuM karIne anukULa AbehavA upara rahe che. jyAM atizaya garamI ke ThaMDI paDe che tyAM manuSyano vasavATa thaI zakato nathI. AthI uttaranA ThaMDA pradezamAM, raNamAM ke jaMgalamAM vastI ochA pramANamAM hoya che. havAmAna karatAM varasAda upara manuSyanA vasavATane ghaNo AdhAra rahe che. viSuvavRtta AgaLa ke jyAM atizaya garamI ane varasAda paDe che. tyAM duniyAmAM sauthI ghADI vastI mAlama paDe che, kAraNa ke varasAdane laIne vanarapati paNa tyAM puSkaLa uge che.

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26 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhrugeALavijJAna vaLI uSNakaTibaMdhamAM khArAkanAM sAdhaneA akhUTa hovAthI manuSyane khAsa nirvAha mATe satata purUSArtha karavA paDatA nathI. sAmAnya rIte A pradezanA loko Alasyapriya, meAchalA ane aniyamita svabhAvanA hoya che. apavAda tarIke pragatizIla prajAe AvA pradezamAM maLI Ave che, paraMtu e vAta te nirvivAda che ke garama dezAmAM sulabha khAnapAnane lane sAhasika ane pragatizIla prajAnu pramANa ochuM jovAmAM Ave che. vaLI viSama havAthI tyAMnA lokonI kAzakti ghaTe che. AmevAnA kAraNathI zItakiTabaMdhanI sAhasika prajAee garama pradeza upara pAtAnI sarvoparI sattA jamAvI che. jyAre varSA RtuvALA pradezamAM vastI jozabhera vadhavA chatAM lokAne sAmAnya rIte paradezamAM vasavuM gamatuM nathI. tyAre ThaMDA pradezanA lekeda navA pradeza jitavA ke khIlavavA prerAya che. vaLI hAlanAM prathama paMktinAM audyogika sthAnI sthApanAnuM mULa kAraNa meTA bhAge kudaratI racanA ane AmehavA ja che. apavAda sivAya duniyAnI sarva vikAsa pAmelI kolasAnI khANA agatyanAM audyogika sthaLeAne poSe che. duniyAnA sutarAu kApaDanA udyogamAM le kezAyara apratima sthAna bhegave che; kAraNa ke kolasAnI khANa ane darIyA pAse ja che, eTaluM ja nahI. paNa sutara kAMtavAne mATe khAsa anukULa thAya tevI bhejavALI havA tyAM che. hindustAna ane jIma jevA dUra AvelA dezA hajI paNa leMkezAyarane ochAvattA pramANamAM rU pUrUM pADe che kAraNa ke tyAM rUnI pedAzane mATe AkheDavA ghaNI anukULa che. paratu sutara kAMtavAne yeAgya lekezAyara jevI bhinAzavALI havAnI kheATa hAvAthI mIlemAM kRtrima ceAjanA vaDe bhejavALI havA utpanna karavAmAM Ave che. jyAre koi paNa jagyAe sAnAnI khANanI zodha mAlama paDe. che tyAre dhaNA loko tyAM AvIne vasavA lAge che, paraMtu tenI prAthamika asara kSaNika ja hoya che. chevaTe A ja asara te ja pradezane

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prAkRtika paristhitine saMbaMdha [ ra7 mATe atyaMta lAbhadAyI nIvaDe che. osTrelIyAmAM senAnI khANa jyAre nIkaLI tyAre najIkanA sthaLomAM ghaNuM padezIo AvavA lAgyA, paraMtu je loko A kAryamAM niSphaLa thayA teo svadeza pAchA pharI zakyA nahIM. AthI temaNe khetIne dhaMdho svIkAryo. dhIme dhIme khANa ane khetInA pradezathI baMdara sudhI relve vyavahAra zarU thayo ane nirjana pradezanI jagyAe phaLadrupa khetare, audyogika kArakhAnA ane suMdara zahere thavA lAgyA. manuSya pravRttine deravAmAM athavA niyamamAM rAkhavAmAM prAkRtika paristhiti keTalo bhAga bhajave che, te A uparathI siddha thAya che.

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prakaraNa 2 jI prAkRtika paristhiti sAmAnya paricaya pUrva gALanA eziyA kha`DamAM AvelA hindustAna dezane gujarAtI bhASA khelanArA pazcima vibhAga te gujarAta nAmathI oLakhAya che. pazcime sAgara, uttaramAM raNu te aravallInA ucca pradeza, pUrve DuMgarALa bhIlapradeza, viMdhyA ane sAtapUDAnI dhArA ane dakSiNe sAtapuDA ne DAMganuM jaMgala e kudaratI abhedya keTathI gujarAta vIMTAyelA che. gujarAtanA A koTane e mukhya dvAra che. eka pazcimadvAra-samudra sapATIthI mAtra 1000 puTa ja uMcA mALavAnA uccapradeza che ke jyAMthI hindanA vijetA, Aryo, haihayA, mAyA, guptA hA, aphadhAne ane mugalA AvyA ne temaNe gujarAtamAM rAjyasattA jamAvI; A vATe brAhmaNA, bhikSue ane dharmagurUo AvyA ke jethI uttara hinda sAthe saMsaga dRDha rahyo ane hindI rAjakIya ekatAnI jALamAM e pakaDAi rahyuM nAzIka ane damaNa vaccenI thADA . mAlinI sapATa bhUmi e gujarAtanuM dakSiNu dvAra ke jyAMthI dakSiNanA cAlukya AvyA, zivAjI vagere mahArASTrI rAjyakartAo AvyA ane gujarAta dakSiNa joDe saMkaLAyuM. gujarAtamAM kacchane raNapradeza ane kAThIyAvADa dvIpakalpa paNa AvI jAya che.1 1. banne ke kAThIyAvADa (saurASTra) gujarAtathI tUdde gaNAya che, teApaNa te banne prAntanA leAka dhaNA nikaTa sabaMdha dharAve che. eka

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prAkRtika paristhiti [ 29 prAcIna samayamAM A vibhAgane anya nAmathI oLakhatA, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa bhaugolika ke rAjakIya dRSTie te eka prAnta na hate. dvIpakalpane saurASTra, khaMDasthabhUminA uttara vibhAgane Anarta ane madhya ane dakSiNa vibhAgane lATa nAmathI oLakhatA. "gujarAta' nAma "gurjararASTra" uparathI paDeluM che, kAraNa ke sithIcanamAMthI utarI AvelI gurjara nAmanI jAta cothI ane pAMcamI sadInA madhyamAM A pradezamAM AvIne vaselI1 gujarAtane vistAra 64 hajAra corasa mAIla che. temAMthI kacchane vistAra bAda karIe to bAkIne IglAMDa ane velsanA vistAranI barAbara thAya che, paraMtu vastInuM pramANa temAM ghaNuM ochuM che. muMbaI IlAkAnA vistArane lagabhaga trIjo bhAga gujarAta prAntamAM ja che. uttara dakSiNa ane pUrva pazcima laMbAI pahoLAI Azare 400 mAIla che. A hindustAna viSuvavRttanI uttaramAM Avelo che ane gujarAta sahita tene ardho bhAga uSNa kaTibaMdhamAM Avela che. karkavRtta barobara hindustAnanI madhyamAMthI ane gujarAta uparathI pasAra thAya che. Azare 2005 ane 249 uttara akSAMza ane 692 ane vakhata evo hato ke saurASTranA rAjyanI sattA taLe gujarAta hatuM tema eka vakhata evo hato ke gujarAtanI sattA taLe saurASTra hatuM. AjakAla bhASAne lIdhe, dharmane lIdhe, vidyAjJAnanA pracArane lIdhe, bannenA upara ekaja rAjyasattA cheDIne pUrI hevAne lIdhe prajArUpe gujarAtI ne kAThIyAvADI ekya vadhAratA jAya che. kaccha jarA vadhAre dUra che ke jo ke tyAMnI mULa bhASA nadI che te paNa AjakAla gujarAtI bhASA tyAM paNa vize prasaravA mAMDI che. arthAta kacchIonuM paNa ApaNe sAthe ekya vadhatuM jAya che." kavi narmadAzaMkaranuM nirmagadya (1869) pA. 73. 2. Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency Vol. VIII,(Baroda) th 266-282.

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30 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna 744 pUrva rekhAMzanI vaccamAM gujarAtanA vistArano samAveza thAya che. pazcima hindanA ziremaNi sama A gujarAta jeke IlAkAne eka vibhAga che paNa vistAramAM yurepanA svataMtra deza jevaDo che. kudaratI vibhAge gujarAtanI bhUtalaracanA darzAvato nakazo jovAthI khyAla Avaze ke tenA prAkRtika svarUpa pramANe nIcenA kudaratI vibhAgo thiI zake? (1) uttara gujarAtane sapATa medAnane pradeza (2) madhya gujarAta athavA carotarane phaLadrupa pradeza (3) mahI, narmadA ane tApInA vaheNavALA pradeza (4) pUrva sarahadane ucca pradeza (5) dakSiNa gujarAtane jhADIvALo pradeza (6) kacchane retALa pradeza (7) kAThIyAvADane DuMgarALa dvIpakalpa uparyukta kudaratI vibhAgomAM sAmAnya rIte prAkRtika paristhiti eka ja prakAranI jovAmAM AvatI nathI. uttara gujarAtanI bhUmi retALa tathA sapATa medAnavALI che ane AbohavA paNa sUkI ane garama che. madhya gujarAtanI havA paNa saheja cUkI che ane pazcima bhAga sivAya Akho pradeza nadIonA kAMpathI phaLadrupa bane che. dariyAkAMThAnI samIpa Avela mahI, narmadA ane tApInA vaheNavALA pradeza paNa ghaNe rasALa che. gujarAtanI pUrva sarahada eka ucca pradezathI banelI che. AthI A pradeza khaDakavALo ane verAna che. samudrakinArA ane saMsthAtri parvatanI madhyamAM Avela dakSiNa gujarAta pradeza anya vibhAgo karatAM judo paDe che, kAraNa ke tyAM bhinna kudaratI racanAne laIne phaLAu jhADe tema ja jaMgalo puSkaLa AvelAM che. kacchane raNapradeza viSama AbehavA ane

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gujarAtanA kudaratI vibhAga darzAvatA nakazA, siMdha Deno daitALa pradeza phI mAma cA bADa no DuMgarALa pradeza phI khara bI. [ pRSTa 30 sAme sapATa baMdAnagI pradeza uttara gujarAtano samudra pradeza cInano $<< piyo be lead rajaputtA nA tApInA dezabAbo maTI narmadA ane jADI bALo, mAruM nA deprecafe 433 ucca

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uttara gujarAtane sapATa medAnane pradeza [ a1. bhUmiracanAne lIdhe mULa gujarAtathI aneka rIte jUda paDe che. ochI rasALa ane DuMgarALa jamInavALA kAThIyAvADa kIpakalpamAM vaLI bhinna prAkRtika paristhiti mAlama paDe che. uttara gujarAtano sapATa medAnane pradeza rAdhanapuranuM raNa A vibhAganI cheka uttaramAM tharanuM raNa AveluM che. tene dhaNa khare bhAga retALa ane khArAzavALe che. banAsa nadInA vaheNavALA A pradezane banAsakAMThe paNa kahe che. tharanuM raNa mukyA pachI rAdhanapuranuM raNa zarU thAya che. A raNamAM eka paNa DuMgara ke pahADa nathI. koI koI ThekANe AsapAsanA pradeza karatAM saheja uMcANavALI jamIna mAlama paDe che ke jene "geDha' kahe che. jyAM jyAM vastIvALA gAme che tyAM tyAM te AvI uMcANavALI jamIna (gaDha) upara vaselAM che. ghaNuMkharI jamIna kAMpathI banelI che ane kALI che, paraMtu nadIomAM ghasaDAI AvatA khArane thara tyAM ekaThA thayAM ja jAya che. AthI jamIna ochIvattI khAravALI dareka ThekANe mAlama paDe che. kacchanuM raNa, rAdhanapuranuM raNa ane tharanuM raNa e akhaMDa retALa ane khAre pATa che. A pradeza samudrathI dUra ane retALa levAthI AbohavA ati viSama che. varasAda ochAmAM ochA paDe che ane unALAmAM pavananAM santa tophAne cAlu rahe che. kaDI, amadAvAdanuM sapATa medAna sAbaramatI ane sarasvatI nadInI madhyamAM Avelo vaDedarA rAjyane kaDI prAMta ane uttara vibhAgane amadAvAda jIlle lagabhaga sapATa medAna jevuM che. phakta IzAna tarapha moDAsA AgaLa jamIna DuMgarALa che, paNa 500 phuTathI vadhAre uMcA koI paNa khaDaka tyAM

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32 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna nathI. dhaMdhukAnA rANapura zaheranI pazcimamAM thoDeka dUra nAnI TekarIenI hAra che ane te kAThIyAvADanA coTIlA parvatane maLI jAya che. A medAnamAM ziyALAmAM ghaNuM ThaMDI paDe che ane unALAmAM garamI vizeSa lAge che, kAraNa ke te samudrathI dUra che ane jamIna samudra sapATIthI uMcI nathI. banAsa, sarasvatI ane sAbaramatInAM vaheNa - banAsa nadI udepuranI TekarIomAMthI nIkaLI, DIsA zaheranI pazcima tarapha vahe che, ane kacchanA raNamAM dvimukhe paDe che. tene sIpu ane bALArAma nAmanI zAkhAo maLe che. A nadI retALa pradezamAM rahe che ane mULathI mukha sudhI Azare 150 mAila lAMbI che. temAM bAre mAsa pANuM na rahevAthI baMdha bAMdhI tenuM pANI khetInA kAmamAM levAmAM Ave che. tenA upara rAdhanapura ane DIsA mukhya zahere che. sarasvatI nadI mahIkAMThAnA ArAsura parvatamAMthI nIkaLI, retALa pradezamAMthI prasAra thaI kacchanA raNamAM paDe che. banAsa ane sarasvatI bane nadIonAM mULa, pravAha ane mukha ekasarakhAM che. sarasvatInA nIcalA vaheNamAM pANInI taMgI ghaNuM paDe che ane je pANI maLe che te khAruM hoya che. ghaNAM jUnA samayathI hinduomAM A nadI pavitra manAya che. tenA upara siddhapura (tIrthasthAna), dAMtA ane pATaNa mukhya zahere AvelAM che. uttara gujarAtanA sapATa medAnamAM vahetI bIjI agatyanI nadI sAbaramatI che. aravallInI girimALAnA Dhebara sarovaramAMthI nIkaLI mahIkAMThAmAM thaIne amadAvAda jIllAnA vAyavya khUNA AgaLa hAthamatIne maLe che. tyAra pachI A nadI sAbaramatI kahevAya che (sAbara + matI). te pahelA pravAha sAbara nAme oLakhAya che. AgaLa vahetA A nadI prAMtIjanI pazcima sarahada banAve che, vaDodarA

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uttara gujarAtane sapATa medAnane pradeza [ 33 thAya che. zahera ane teo rana kAM e rasanA akhAtara rAjyanA dehagAma ane vijApura mahAlane judA pADe che, dazakroI tAlukAnA lagabhaga be sarakhA bhAga kare che ane dhoLakAne kheDAthI jUduM pADe che, tyAra pachI Azare 200 mAIla vahIne ane 9,500 e. mA. vistAravALI jamIna bhInI karIne khaMbhAtanA akhAtane maLe che. zarUAtanA vaheNamAM A nadInA kAMThA eTalA asamAntara che ke kaI kaI jagyAe teo 200 phuTa uMcA hoya che; paraMtu amadAvAda zahera AgaLa AvatAM temanI uMcAI 30 thI 50 phuTa thAya che. tenuM vaheNa chIcharuM ane dhImuM hovAthI retInA pahoLA paTamAM pavanathI gametema kare che. AvA prakAranA asthira vaheNathI ghasaDAI AvatA jaLamaLa vaDe "bhAThAnI jamIna bane che ke je atiphaLadu5 hoya che. A jamInamAM zeraDI ane anya pedAza puSkaLa pramANamAM thAya che, paNa retI ke vaheNathI vAraMvAra DhaMkAI javAno saMbhava rahe che. amadAvAda ane darIyA vacce keTalIka jagyAe tenA vaheNanAM cihno maLI Ave che ane vaLI keTalAMka nAza pAmelAM gAmaDAMnA avazeSo jaDI Ave che. A sarva tenA asthira vaheNanI pratIti karAve che. tenA upara sAdarA ane amadAvAda mukhya zahero vaselAM che. sAbaramatI nadIne hAthamatI nadI uparAMta bIjI TuMkA vaheNavALI nadIo maLe che. prAMtIjanI uttara sarahada taraphathI nIkaLI hAthamatI vAyavya dizAmAM vahe che. dehagAma AgaLathI A nadIne pravAha Azare 105 mAIla che ane te rasikapura gAma AgaLa sAbaramatIne maLe che. DuMgarapuranI dakSiNamAMthI nIkaLatI mezvo, mAjuma ane vAtraka nadIo anukrame 126, 66, ane 151 mAila vahe che ane vaiA (tIrthasthAna) AgaLa sarva nadIone saMgama thAya che. khArI nadInuM vaheNa asthira ane chIcharuM che. me vagere TuMkA vaheNavALI nadIo khaDakALa jamInamAM vahetI hevAthI pAsenA pradezane kiI rIte upayogI thatI nathI.

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34 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna uttara gujarAtanI prAcIna mahAnadI bhUstarazAstrIonI evI mAnyatA che ke prAcIna samayamAM uttara gujarAtamAM eka moTA vistAravALI nadI vahetI hatI ane te khaMbhAtanA akhAta AgaLa maLatI hatI. kAThIyAvADane vibhAga dvIpakalpane badale eka dvIpa hato. paraMtu e mahA nadI viSe be traNa matabheda che. kAThIyAvADa gejheTIyarane kartA A mahA nadIne siMdhu athavA kaI mahA nadI dhAre che. te lakhe che ke "tretAyugamAM athavA tenA aMtamAM kAThIyAvADa mAtra dIpa hate. siMdhu athavA kaI mahAnadI samudranA lAMbA akhAtamAM vahetI ane A phATe lagabhaga lAhora sudhI pahoMcato. jyAre siMdhu athavA mahAnadInuM vaheNa khasatuM gayuM tyAre kucha ane khaMbhAtanA akhAte vacce AvelA jhAlAvADanI jagyAe eka chIcharuM sarovara banyuM. dhIme dhIme khaMbhAtanA akhAta khasato gaye ane tyAM bhAla ane jhAlAvADane phaLadrupa pradeza baMdhAye.1 zrIyuta amaranAtha dAsanA mata pramANe khaMbhAtanA akhAta pahelAM na hatuM, ane tene badale narmadA nadI hAla akhAtane maLe che te na maLatAM uttara tarapha vaLI kacchanA akhAtane maLatI. A rIte teo hAlanI narmadA nadIne uttara gujarAtanI khaMDastha mahAnadI dhAre che.? zrIyuta ratnamaNirAva vaLI siddha kare che ke A khaMDasthA nadI siMdhu ke narmadA koI na hatI, paNa vaidika samayanI sarasvatI hatI ke jene pravAha bhUkaMpa vagere utpAtothI dhIme dhIme lupta thayela. 9. Wadia D. N. Geology of India, p. 256 & Kathiawar Gazetteer, p. 78. 2-3 ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva, "khevAyelI nadI", prasthAnane kArtika aMka (1980). pA. 13-26,

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uttara gujarAtanA sapATa medAnanA pradeza [ 35 "" adrazya thayelI A khaDastha mahAnadI sarasvatI ke je peAtAnI sAta sAta zAkhAo sahita svataMtra rIte samudrane maLatI tene vadhAre lAgu paDe che. vaDavAnaLa athavA jvALAmukhI ane dharatIka`pane lIdhe ane ativRSTine lIdhe pazcima hiMdanI nadIomAM je meTA pheraphAra thaye! temAM keTalIka meTI nadIonA pravAha badalAyA, uparAMta keTalIka nadIonA TukaDA paNa thaI gayA. sarasvatI AkhIe lupta thaI gayAthI ene maLanArI keTalIka nadIe siMdhu ane keTalIka gaMgAne maLI. nIcANanA retALa pradezamAM enA TukaDA paNa thaI gayA ane gujarAtamAM banAsa, pATaNanI sarasvatI, sAbaramatI vagere nadIe anI gaI 1 zrIyuta ratnamaNirAva A bAbatamAM ghaNI vajudabharI dalIle rajI kare che. gujarAta ane kAThIyAvADa vaccenA naLakAMThe darIyAI khADI ne badale sUkAyelI nadInA ( sarasvatI ) paTa ja hovA joie, ane khaMbhAtanA akhAta pote ja sarasvatInuM paheALuM thai gayeluM mukha che. kAraNa ke akhAtamAM AvelA pIrama beTanA azmIbhUta avazeSo ane bhUstarazAstranA AdhArathI siddha thAya che ke te kAI nadInuM paheALu thai gayeluM mukha ja che. vaidika samayanI sarasvatInA upara AvelAM tIthaeNnA nAmanAM sthaLeA paNa tenA nAza pAmelA pravAhanI najIkamAM maLI Ave che. jemake DhiyAramAM zaMkhapura, sAbaramatIne kAMThe sAmatI, khaMbhAtanA akhAtane kAMThe bhAvanagara pAse nAganiSTha ane bhAvanagaranuM zihAra ( sArasvatapura ) gAma paiArANika paraMparAne vadhAre TakA Ape che.2 himAlayamAMthI nIkaLIne pazcima hindanA raNamAM vahetI A darIyA jevA meATA pravAhavALI sarasvatI nadI eka vakhata khaMbhAtanA akhAta rUpe arabI samudrane maLatI, paNa Aje mAtra tenA paTa rahyo che. .. 1. ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva, khAvAyelI nadI ", prasthAnanA kArtika aMka (1980), pA. 14. 15. 2. 17. 22. "" .

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3 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna madhya gujarAta athavA carAtaranA phaLadrupa pradeza careAtaranI rasALa bhUmi sAbaramatI ane mahI nadIonI vaccamAM AvelA A kudaratI vibhAgane madhya gujarAta kahI zakAya. temAM kheDA jIllA, khaMbhAtanuM rAjya ane mahIkAMThA ane revAkAMThA ejansIonA amuka bhAgAne samAveza thAya che. uttara sarahada pAsenI DuMgarALa jamIna ane dakSiNa tarapha mahI pAsenI DuMgarALa ane polANavALI jamInanA sivAya AkhA kheDA jIllA eka sapATa phaLadrupa pradeza che. tenI jamInanA DhoLAva naiRtya dizA tarapha che. khaMbhAtanA rAjyanA thoDAka bhAga ane kheDA jIllAne madhya bhAga caretara ( suMdara jamIna ) nAme eLakhAya che. kudaratI rIte carAtanI bhUminI phaLadrupatA atizaya che ane temAMthI ghaNA kiMmatI pAko utpanna thAya che. ArzakAnAM sAdhane! AthI sulabha hovAthI AkhA gujarAtamAM brADAmAM ghADI vastI A bhAgamAM jovAmAM Ave che. A pradeza samudrathI dUra hovAne lIdhe garamI ane uMDInuM pramANa uttara gujarAtanA sapATa medAna jevuM ja che, paNa tyAMnA karatAM varasAda vadhAre paDe che. tenuM kAraNa e che ke cAtaranA AkhA pradeza atizaya jhADIvALA che. eTale retALa medAna karatAM tyAM varasAda vadhAre hoya te laiMgelika dRSTie yathAya che. gujarAtane je hindustAnanA bagIcAnI upamA ApavAmAM AvatI hoya. tA tenuM kAraNa e che ke carAtaranAM lIlAchama khetare, phaLAu jhADeAnI vADIe ane ghaTAdAra AMbAvADIe ne lIdhe AsapAsanA pradeza pravAsIne ramaNIya khAga jevA dekhAya che. mahIsAgaranA pravAha 300thI 350 mAla lAMbA vaheNavALA ArA 15,000thI.

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madhya gujarAta athavA carotarane phaLadraga pradeza [ 37 17,000 corasa mAIla vistAranA pradezane bhInI karatI ane moTA pUra samaye eka sekanDamAM Azare 75 lAkha ghanaphuTa pANIne vegavALI mahI nadIne mahIsAgaranI upamA apAya che te yathArtha jaNAya che. gujarAtamAM narmadA ane tApI nadIo sivAya A moTAmAM moTI nadI che. mahInI mukhya zAkhA samudranI sapATIthI Azare 1,850 phuTa uMcA mALavAnA uccapradezamAMthI nIkaLe che. mahIkAMThA ane revAkAMThAnA rAjyamAM prasAra thaIne AgaLa vahetAM A nadI eka bAju kheDA jIllAne ane bIjI bAju paMcamahAla jIllA ane vaDodarAnA rAjyane judA pADe che. tyAMthI pazcima tarapha vahetAM tene jamaNo kinAre khaMbhAtanA rAjyanI dakSiNa sarahada kare che ane DAbo kinAre bharUca jIllAnI uttara sarahada banAve che. tenA mukhathI lagabhaga 100 mAIla dUra buMgarA AgaLa tene paTa 400 vAra pahe, vaheNa 100 vAra paheLuM ane 1 phuTa UMDuM che, paNa verAkhADI AgaLa paTa Azare 500 vAra paheALo, vaheNa 120 vAra pahoLuM ane 1 phuTa uMDuM che. samudrathI lagabhaga 30 mAIla dUra dehagAma AgaLa tenuM mukha pahoLuM thaI jAya che. khaMbhAta ane kArI vacce pravAha tene mukhapradeza che ane tyAM vadhAremAM vadhAre bharatInAM mojA 20 phuTa vistAranAM hoya che, jo ke comAsAmAM A nadImAM pANuM TheTha kAMThA sudhI Ave che. kheDA jIllAmAM sAmAnya RtumAM A nadI 40 phuTathI vadhAre uMDI hoya che, jo ke keTalIka jagyAe tenI sAmI pAra jaI zakAya che. tenA mukha AgaLa bharatInAM mojAM eTalAM pracaMDa hoya che ke pahoLA taLIyAnI hoDI sivAya sahIsalAmata bahAra nIkaLI zakAya nahIM. ema kahevAya che ke dehagAma pahelAM baMdara hatuM, paNa hAla tyAM vahANa AvI zakatAM nathI. 2. Kaira Gazetteer, p. 2. 2. che e p 8.

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38 1 gujarAtanu prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgALavijJAna mahI nadI upara AvelAM keTalAMka gAmeA jevAM ke aMgada, yazapura vagere tInAM kSetrA manAya che. mahInA AsapAsanA pradezamAM kALI leAkeAnI vastI ghaNI che ane tee A nadIne mAtA tarIke gaNe ane pUje che; paraMtu temanI AsthAmAM bhaya ke dahezata mukhya bhAga bhajave che. cAralUTArAone Azraya ApatI tenI pracaMDa bhekhaDe ane kAtara, ceAmAsAnI bhaya`kara rela, uMDI khakheAlA ane uttara kinArA tarapha cAralUTArAnA bhayane lIdhe thaI gaI che ke " mahI taryAM eTale badhI khIka gaI. A nadIne paTa ghaNI ja khaDakALa heAvAthI ane tenA kAMTA dhaNI jagyAe cA ane asamAntara hAvAthI temAMthI nahere| paNa nIkaLI zake tema nathI. eTale khetI mATe tenA upayeAga nahI. jevA ja che. eka pracalita kahevata . mahI uparAMta zeDhI, vAtraka ane khArI nadIonAM vaheNa paNa A vibhAgamAM AvelAM che. mahIkAMThAnI dAmeADI TekarImAMthI nIkaLI zeDhI nadI ThAsarAnI pazcima tarapha vahe che. tyAMyI AgaLa tene mahera nadI maLe che ane kheDA zahera AgaLa AvatAM pahelA mULa khArI nadI tene maLe che. kheDA AgaLa vAyavyamAMthI AvatI vAtraka ane zeDhInA sa`gama thAya che ane chevaTe vAtraka nadI sAbaramatIne maLI jAya che. A sa` nadIone lIdhe A vibhAgamAM ekaMdara pANInI chata vadhAre rahe che. pUrva sarahadanA ucca pradeza aravallInI girimALA gujarAtanI IzAnamAM aravallInI girimALA AvelI che. A TekarIo naiRtyathI IzAna tarapha rajapUtAnAnAM madhyamAMthI prasAra thAya che. tenI vAyavya taraphanA pradeza dhaNA verAna che ane te siMdhunI khINa ane paMjAbanA medAna tarapha DhALAva paDatA che. mA DhoLAva

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gujarAtanI bhRpRSThacanA darzAvatA nakazA, siMdha JCO nuM raNa 7 khakhAta 37no phADI thA bADa arabI Ru samudra khaMbhAtano akhAta [ pRSTha 38 sAme da 2 manI sapATI jeTaluM saMgAtha -samrudranI sapArIpI x=1Ta ratAM vadhAre UMcANa samudranI sapATIthI 2 phuTa karatAM vadhAre uMcANa

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pUrva sarahadane ucca pradeza [ 39 paDate verAna pradeza te ja tharanA raNa nAme oLakhAya che. aravallInA agnikoNamAM rajapUtAnAne ucca pradeza Avelo che. uttara gujarAtanI banAsa, sarasvatI ane sAbaramatI nadInA mukha paNa A giri mALAmAM AvelAM che. bhUstarazAstrIonI evI mAnyatA che aravallI parvata hiMdustAnane jUnAmAM jUne parvata che. (dhAravAra yuganA aMta pachI) ane hindustAnanuM hAlanuM svarUpa baMdhAtAM pahelAM ane himAlaya thatAM pahelAM rajapUtAnAnA raNamAM karI hatI. tAjetaramAM vaLI A mAnyatA mATe eka vadhu sAbItI maLI AvI che. arabI samudramAM saMzodhana karatAM jona mure nAmanA anveSake zodhI kADhayuM che ke arabI samudramAM samudranI sapATIthI Azare 10,000 phuTa uMcI eka girimALA che. eDavIna piske nAmanA bhUstarazAstrI te bAbatamAM jaNAve che ke "samudramAM AvelA A parvata ane jUnAmAM jUnA aravallI parvatane ghaNo saMbaMdha che. tArI yuganI zarUAtamAM jAnAM gaDavAnA khaMDane ghaNe khare bhAga darIyAmAM DUbI gayelo te sAbIta thaI gayuM che. te khaMDanI madhyamAM hAlanA himAlaya karatAM vadhAre uMce ane vistAravALo pracaMDa parvata hato. hAlanI aravallInI girimALA ke je moTA bhAge rajapUtAnAnA raNamAM patharAI gaI che te mAtra jUnI girimALAne avazeSa che, e AthI siddha thAya che." 1 Wadia D. N. Geology of India, p. 64. Imperial Gazetteer, Vol. I p. 37-38. 2 E. H. Pascoe's, (late Director of the Geological Survey of India) Article in "News Chronicle." Vide Bombay Chronicle, D. 18-3-34; Wadia, op. cot. p. 203.

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40 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna Abu ane ArAsura gujarAtanI AkhI pUrva sarahada eka ucca pradezanI banelI che, paraMtu temAM AvelA moTA parvata to gujarAtanI bahAra che. A parvatanA keTalAka phAMTAo gujarAtamAM AvelA che ane temane judAM judAM nAme ApavAmAM AvyAM che. gujarAtanI uttara sImA darzAvate Abu parvata paNa e uccapradezane eka phATe che. tene vistAra pramANamAM vadhAre che paNa tene bhAga rAjaputAnAnA raNamAM patharAyela che. gujarAtamAM AvelA sarva parvatomAM A parvatanI uMcAI ghaNuM vadhAre che. (5600 phuTa). giranAranI mAphaka A parvata upara jhADapAna paNa puSkaLa uge che. tyAM keTalIka jagyAe jamIna sapATa hovAthI lokono vasavATa ghaNe thayo che. eTale AvuM jainonAM tIrtha uparAMta hAla AsapAsanA raNapradezamAM havA khAvAnuM agatyanuM sthaLa thaI paDayuM che. gujarAtanI AkhI IzAna sarahadapara bIjo ArAsura parvata Avelo che. tene vistAra Azare 100 mAIla che ane te jaMgalotho bharapUra che. tenI aMdarathI nIkaLatA ArasapahANanA pattharane lIdhe A parvata ghaNo upayogI thaI paDe che. Abu ane ArAsura parvatanI aMtargabhaMracanA vaLI jvALAmukhI parvatanA jevI hoya tema mAlama paDe che kAraNa ke tyAM bhUkaMpa vAraMvAra thAya che te Aje paNa jANItuM che. vaLI eka pracalita AkhyAyikA pramANe ArAsura upara AvelAM kuMbhArIAnAM daherAM aMbAjInA prakopathI baLI gayelAM, ema kahevAya che. A daMtakathA bhUkaMpa ane jvALAmukhInuM kArya ja pUravAra kare che. mahIkAMThAne uccapradeza mahIkAMThAne jaMgalavALe uccapradeza samudranI sapATIthI 500 phuTa karatAM vadhAre uMco che. cheka IzAnamAM 2000 phuTathI

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pUrva sarahadane ucca pradeza [41 vadhAre uMce aravalIne uccapradeza Avelo che. pUrva tarapha DuMgarAnI hAra che ane jamIna pazcima tarapha DhaLAva paDatI che. uttara ane pUrva dizAmAM ghaTAdAra vRkSothI bharapUra DuMgarA ane vAMkAcUkA paTavALI nadIonA pravAha ramaNIya dekhAva Ape che. pUrva sarahadanA DuMgarAmAM vasatA bhIlo ane nadIonI karADa bhekhaDe para rahetA keLIo mukhyatve karIne tyAM vadhAre jovAmAM Ave che. jo ke kheDANa lAyaka jamIna ghaNuMkharI jagyAe che, paNa tene joIe teTale upayoga thatuM nathI. dakSiNa ane pazcima tarapha tenuM bhUmi svarUpa sAdarA ane ahamadanagara sudhI nIcANavALuM che ke jyAM 400 phuTathI vadhAre uMcI jamIna nathI tyAMthI AgaLa jatA phakta nadInA kAMThAnI jamIna uMcI che, te sivAya bAkInI jamIna sapATa, kheDANavALI ane jhADapAnathI bharapUra che. jo ke A pradeza darIyA kinArAthI dUra che paNa cheka uttara ane pUrva tarapha sAmAnya rIte havA ThaMDI rahe che, kAraNa ke tyAM uccapradeza che. jema jema - pazcima tarapha AvatA jaIe tema tema AbohavA gujarAtanA sapATa medAnanA jevI thatI jAya che. pUrva sarahadane dvArapALa pAvAgaDha gujarAtanI AkhI pUrva sarahada abheda koTa jevI che, je ke temAM koI koI jagyAe rastAo che ane vyavahAra paNa cAle che. AsapAsanI DuMgarAnI hAre karatAM pAvAgaDha uMco hovAthI pUrva sarahadanA dvArapALa jevo dekhAya che. godharAnI dakSiNamAM 25 mAIla dUra ane vaDodarAthI 29 mAIla dUra te Avelo che. gujarAtanA sapATa medAnamAMthI ghaNe dUrathI A parvata joI zakAya che. i. sa. 1819 sudhI amadAvAdanI jummA masajIdanA minArA paDI gayA na hatA, eTale tenA parathI pAvAgaDha khuzIthI dekhAto hato. tene 1, 2 Panchmahal Gazetteer p. 185, footnotes.

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42 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgALavijJAna gherAva Azare 26 mAila ane uMcAI Azare 2500 phuTa che. pAvAgaDha ane tenI AsapAsanA DuMgarALa pradezamAM paNa Ayu, ArAsura vagerenI mAphaka bhUkaMpa thatA haze ema keTalAkanuM mAnavuM che." A pahADa kaThThaNa zilAne banelA heAvAthI tenAM para jhADapAna echA pramANamAM che, paNa tenI taLeTI ane nIcANunA DhALAvA sAgathI bharapUra che. tenI pUrva taraphanI dhAreAmAM dhADAM jaMgale ane bhavya killAnA burajo dekhAya che. aravallInA uccapradezamAM jema zUravIra rajapUtAne apUrva itihAsa racAyA che tema A DuMgarALa bhIla pradezamAM bahAdura bANAvaLI bhIlAne itihAsa dhaDAyA che. gujarAtanA rajapUta ane musalamAnI rAjAemAMnA ghaNAMe ajita gaNAyalA pAvAgaDhanA killAne jitavA prayAsa kareleA paNa pratikULa prAkRtika racanAne laine temanA maneAratha bhAgye ja saphaLa thayelA.2 1-2. mejara veTasana kahe che, ke jInA zilAlekhAmAM A parvatanuM nAma 'pAvakagaDha ' che, eTale pahelA te javALAmukhI paryaMta hAi zake, "" eka daMtakathA ema kahe che ke vaidika samayamAM vizvAmitra rUSinI kAmadhenu gAya tyAM caratI hatI ane pAvAgaDhanI jagyAe eka uMDI khINu hatI temAM khasI paDI. devI prabhAvathI gAye AkhI khINa dudhathI bharI dIdhI ane tarIne bahAra nIkaLI. RSie AthI peAtAnA tapeAmaLanA prabhAvathI khINane patamAM pheravI nAMkhI. parvatane trIjo bhAga khINamAM rahelA paNa. phakta pA bhAga bahAra Ave, eTale te parvata pAvAgaDha kahevAyA ''Panchmahal Gaz. p. 185. bhUstarazAstrIonu evuM mAnavuM che ke eka vakhate jvALAmukhI dakSiNa uccapradezanA (Dena) vistAra Azare be lAkha ceArasa mAIla hatA ane temAM kaccha, kAThIAvADa, gujarAta, dakSiNa ane madhya hindanA samAveza thata hateA. kAlAntare nadIonA pravAhanI asarathI pate eka bIjAthI jUdA paDatA gayelA. pAvAgaDhamAM maLI AvatI zilA ane dakSiNa uccapradezanI zikSA eka ja prakAranI heAvAthI te mAnyatA siddha thai zake che." (Wadia, op. ci. p. 193) uparyukta daMtakathA samayamAM thayelA pracaMDa jvALAmukhI utpAtanI pratIti karAve che. paNa prAcIna

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pUrva sarahadane ucca pradeza [ 43 revAkAMThAne uccapradeza mahIkAMThAnA uccapradezanI hAramAM revAkAMThAne uccapradeza Avele che. tenI cheka dakSiNa tarapha rAjapIpaLAnI TekarIo AvelI che. cheka pazcima tarapha sAtapUDA parvatanI dhAre narmadA ane tApInAM vaheNone jUdAM pADe che. madhyamAM prasAra thatI viMdhya parvatanI dhAre mahI ane narmadAnAM vaheNane jUdAM pADe che. uttara rAjapIpaLAnI TekarIone gherAva Azare 12 mAIla che. tyAM hiMsaka prANIo bahu jovAmAM Ave che. tyAM samudra sapATIthI Asare 2,000 phuTa uMcuM satIyA devanuM zikhara che ke jyAM pahelA antinA samayamAM rAjAo ane bhAyAte Azraya letA. A zikhara parathI AsapAsane dekhAva ghaNo ramaNIya lAge che. tyAMthI pUrva tarapha parvatonI niHsIma hare, dakSiNamAM madhyanA uccapradezamAMthI prasAra thatI karajaNa nadI, pazcimamAM narmadA nadIne samudra tarapha vaLAMka ane uttaramAM phaLadrupa gujarAta ane pAvAgaDha dekhAya che. viMdhya parvatanI dhAra ratanamALathI pAvAgaDha sudhI AvelI che. te dhAramAM keTalAka ghATa AvelA che. udepuramAM kaDavALa ane bArIyAmAM sAgatALA AgaLa AvelA ghATamAMthI gADAM jaI zake che. ratanamAlanI uttare Azare 800 thI 1200 phuTa uMcI TekarIo che ke je mahI ane banAsanAM vaheNane jUdAM pADe che. tyAM paNa godharA ane daheja vaccenA dhorI mArga uparAMta bArIyA, saMpa, ane revAkAMThAnA anya gAmothI dAhoda, jhAloda ane lIMmaDI sudhI ghATamAMthI prasAra thatA rastAo che. TheTha aravallIthI viMdhya sudhI parvatanI vAMkAcUkI hAre AvelI hovAthI, sAmAnya rIte AkhI pUrva sarahada DuMgarALa lAge che. A uccapradezamAM "pahANa, pANI ane pAna" sivAya kaMI anya atizaya pramANamAM jovAmAM AvatuM nathI.

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44 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna mahI, narmadA ane tApInAM vaheNavALa pradeza sipATa rasALa medAno madhya gujarAtanI nIce phaLadrupa medAnane pradeza Avelo che ke jemAM gujarAtanI mahAnadIo vahevAthI jaLamaLa vaDe banelI kAMpanI jamIna ghaNI ja rasALa che. vaLI temanI pAse samudrakinAre hevAthI AbohavAmAM paNa pheraphAra mAlama paDe che. mahI ane narmadA nadIonI vaccamAM AvelA sapATa medAnamAM bharUca jIllAne moTe bhAga, vaDodarA prAMta, paMcamahAla ane revAkAMThAne Doka bhAga AvI jAya che. paMcamahAla ane revAkAMThA tarapha jamIna DuMgarALa che. te sivAya bAkInI jamIna pUrvathI pazcima tarapha saheja DhALa paDatI taddana sapATa che. darIyAkinArA pAsenI sAMkaDI paTTI retALa che. tyAra pachI khArI jamInanI paTTI Ave che. ane AgaLa vadhatAM kALI phaLadrupa jamIna Ave che. vaDodarA prAMtanI bhUtaLaracanA lagabhaga kheDA jIllA jevI ja che. narmadA ane tApI, e nadIonI vaccamAM AveluM bIjuM rasALa medAna bhUtaLaracanAmAM sarakhuM che. temAM bharUca, surata ne revAkAMThAnA thoDAka bhAgo ane vaDodarAno navasArI prAMta moTA bhAge AvI jAya che. pUrva tarapha rAjapIpaLA parvata ane sAtapUDA parvatane eka phoTo AvelA che. samudra pAsenI jamIna retALa ane khArI che ane tenI ane DuMgarALa sarahadanI madhyamAM Avela bhAga nAnI nadIenA kAMpathI phaLadrupa banelo che. uttaranA medAnamAM phaLAu jhADe ane jaMgalo bahu AvelAM che. darIyA pAsenA pradezamAM havA bhInI ane mAphakasara che, paNa aMdaranA bhAgamAM samudrathI ochAvatA aMtarane lIdhe AbohavAmAM pheraphAra thato jAya che.

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gujarAtanI prAkRtika racanA darzAvato nakaze. 3gyA [zia ekh44 ke 4 a7 ne mA ka , , to - a. khaw kha2 bI khaM mana sabuka [ pRSTha 44 sAme

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Page #72
mahI, narmadA ane tApInAM vaheNuvALa pradeza. [ 5 narmadAne pravAha gujarAtanI moTAmAM moTI nadI narmadA che. tenuM mULa gujarAtanI bahAra madhyaprAMtamAM AvelI viMdhyagirimALAnA samudranI sapATIthI 3,500 mAIla uMcA amarakaMTakanA parvatamAM che. tenI kula laMbAI Azare 800 mAIla che. Azare 36,000 vistAravALA pradezane te dhUve che ane pUra samaye tenA pANIne vega dara seMkaDe lagabhaga 25 lAkha ghana phuTa pramANe hoya che. Rtusara je 36 Ica sarAsarI varasAda paDe te eTalA pANIne mATe 324 e. mA. kSetraphaLavALuM ane 100 phuTa UMDuM sarevara joIe. narmadAnA jaLavistAra paNa ATalo moTo che. tenA mukhathI Azare 500 mAIla sudhI A nadI viSyanI jamaNI tarapha ane sAtapuDAnI DAbI tarapha vahe che. tyArapachInuM vaheNa gujarAtanA medAnamAM Ave che. tenA vaheNanA pAMca vibhAga thaI zake ema che. (1) mULathI jabalapura AgaLa nava mAIla dUra tene 200 mAilano pravAha DuMgarALa pradezamAM ane parvatanI dhAre vaccethI jAya che. (2) jabalapurathI huMDIyA sudhIno 200 mAIlane pravAha pahoLA, rasALa ane kheDANavALA medAnamAM Ave che. (3) ThaMDIyAthI haraNaphALa sudhIne 100 mAIlane pravAha DuMgarALa bhUmimAMthI vahe che. (4) haraNaphALathI makarAI sudhIne 80 mAilane pravAha uccapradezamAMthI nIcANa pradezamAM paData. hovAthI dhedharUpe paDe che. tyAM surapANa nAmano prasiddha dhodha Avelo che. (5) bAkIne 100 mAilano pravAha gujarAtamAM thaine khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM paDe che. narmadAnuM vaheNa gujarAtamAM dAkhala thaIne 30 mAIla sudhI rAjapIpaLA ane vaDodarAnAM rAjyane jUdAM pADe che. tyAra pachIne 70 mAIlane pravAha bharUca llAnA atizaya rasALa sapATa 1 Surat & Broach Gazetteer, p. 344,

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46 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna medAnamAM thaIne ane uMcA, asamAntara kinArAnI vaccamAM vahe che. bharUca AgaLa AvatAM tenuM mukha pahoLuM thaI gayeluM che. bharUca jIllAmAM jamaNI bAjuthI bhUkhI nAmanI zAkhA tene maLe che ane DAbI bAjuthI rAjapIpaLAmAMthI nIkaLatI kAverI nadI zukalatIrtha AgaLa ane bharUcathI cha mAIla dUra amarAvatI nadI maLe che. mukha AgaLa nAnA traNa beTa che, paNa zukalatIrtha AgaLa beTa Azare 22,000 ekara vistArane che ke jyAM kabIravaDa Avelo che. prAcIna samayamAM narmadA nadI madhya prAMtanA vyApArane mukhya jaLamArga hatA ane bharUca agatyanuM baMdara hatuM, paraMtu Aje tene Akho pravAha vyavahAra yogya nathI, mAtra gujarAtanI hada sudhI temAM vahANa pharI zake che. cANodathI Azare 15 mAIla dUra makarAI sudhI dhImA pravAhamAM ja jaI zakAya che. talakavADAthI bharUca sudhImAM pUra vakhate paNa vahANa jaI zake che ane bharUcathI AgaLane vyavahAra bharatI upara AdhAra rAkhe che. I. sa. 1822mAM tenA pravAhanI tapAsa daramIyAna vidita thayeluM ke mAtra bharUcathI talakavADA sudhI Azare 65 mAilane pravAha vyavahArogya che. vaLI A nadI moTI ane pANIthI bharapUra hovA chatAM temAMthI nahere kADhI zakAya tema nathI, kAraNa ke tene pravAhapradeza sarakho nathI. nadInA jaLamaLa vaDe mukha pUrAtuM jAya che, eTale bharUca baMdara paNa paDI bhAgyuM che. tApIne pravAha | gujarAtamAM narmadAthI bIjA naMbaranI nadI tApI che. banne nadIonAM mULa, paTa ane mukha ekasarakhAM che. tApInuM mULa sAtapuDA girimALAnI batula nAmanI TekarI pAse che. tenI laMbAI Azare 450 mAIla che ane lagabhaga 20,000 corasa mAIla vistAranA - 1 Surat & Broach Gazetteer, p. 848.

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mahI, narmadA ane tApInAM vaheNuvALo pradeza [ 47 pradezane te dhUve che. pUrasamaye tene vega dara kalAke 12 karoDa ghanavAra pramANe hoya che, paNa sAmAnya RtumAM mAtra 25,000 ghanayArDa hoya che. tenA vaheNanA cAra bhAga thaI zake ema che. (1) mULathI khAnadeza chellA sudhIno 150 mAIlane pravAha DuMgarALa pradeza ane parvatanI dhAremAM thaIne jAya che. (2) khAnadeza jIllAmAM thaIne haraNaphALa sudhInA 180 mAIlanA pravAha daramIyAna pahelAM sapATa eDAyeluM medAna Ave che ane pachI 20 mAIla sudhI mAtra DuMgarAo ane ghADI jhADIo Ave che. A pravAhamAM tene DAbI bAjuthI pUrNa, vAghera, gIrNa, berI, pAMjarAM ane ziva maLe che ane jamaNuM bAjuthI sUkI, arUNAvatI ane gomatI maLe che; (3) haraNaphALathI DAMganA jaMgala sudhIne 50 mAIlane pravAha DuMgarALa jamIna uparathI nIcANa pradezamAM Ave che. che. A pradeza ujaDa verAna jaMgalothI bharapUra che. (4) bAkIne 70 mAIlano pravAha DAMganuM jaMgala mUkyA pachI suratanA rasALa sapATa medAnamAM Ave che. surata jIllAmAM tenuM vaheNa pahelAM pazcima tarapha vaLe che ane AgaLa jatAM dakSiNamAM vaLIne madhyastha kheDANalAyaka sapATa medAnamAM dAkhala thAya che. tenuM mukha surata AgaLa AveluM che. eka vakhata tApI nadI paNa madhya prAMta ane khAnadezanA vyApArane mukhya jaLamArga hate. khAnadezanI rU vagere khetInI pedAza ane mALavAnuM aphINa vagere tApInA jaLamArga mAraphate paradeza jatAM. surata baMdara megala samayamAM ane muMbaI baMdara thayA pahelAM paNa pazcima hindanA vyApAranuM mukhya bArU hatuM, paraMtu hAla tApI nadI vyavahAra yogya rahI nathI. Azare chellA 20 thI 30 mAIla sudhI temAM hoDIo ke nAnAM vahANe karI zake che. I. sa. 185ramAM tenA pravAhanI tapAsa daramIyAna mAlama paDeluM ke khAnadezathI pazcima tara ? Surat and Broach Gazetteer, p. 7.

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. ga jaMgalathI ja hovAthI keTalIka 48 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna phane 150 mAilane pravAhapradeza DuMgarALa hovAthI kaMI vyavahAra thaI zake tema nathI. tene thoDo ghaNo upayoga sAga vagere imAratI lAkaDAM DAMga jaMgalathI surata sudhI pravAha mAraphate mokalavAnuM thAya. che; paraMtu tene paTa khaMDita hovAthI keTalIka vakhata ImAratI lAkaDAM adazya thaI jAya che. A nadInA paTanI racanA ghaNuM badalAI gaI che. pravAhamAM ghasaDAI AvatA kAMpane laIne nadI vyavahAra mATe nirUpagI thaI cheeTaluM ja nahIM paNa tenuM mukha pUrAI javAthI surata baMdara kudaratI sagavaDa khoI beThuM che. suratanuM medAna ghaNuM ja rasALa che ane varasAda paNa pramANamAM mAphakasara paDe che, paNa jo A nadImAMthI nahera anukULa jagyAe kADhavAmAM Ave te khetInA udyogane apratima lAbha thAya tema che. AthI samajAze ke gujarAtanI koI paNa nadIne vyavahAra tarIke ke nahera bAMdhIne upayoga karavAmAM ghaNI kudaratI agavaDatAo che. dakSiNa gujarAtane jhADIvALA pradeza madhyastha rasALa medAna uttare narmadA nadI, dakSiNe damaNa nadI pazcime samudrakinAre ane pUrve sahyAdri parvata A kudaratI vibhAganI sarahado banAve che. A vibhAgamAM surata jIllAne dakSiNa bhAga ane surata ejansIno samAveza thAya che. jo ke mahI narmadA ane tApInA vaheNavALA pradezanA jevI AnI bhUtaLaracanA che, paNa AbohavAmAM ghaNo phera paDe che. A vibhAgamAM tyAMnA karatAM lagabhaga bamaNo varasAda paDe che. pUrvanI sarahada tarapha paNa darIye dUra hovA chatAM varasAda vadhAre paDe che, kAraNa ke tyAM sahyAdri parvatane phATe Ave che. samudra pAsenI paTTI retALa ane uMcI che paNa te retALa paTTI 1 Surat & Broach Gozetteer, p. 9.

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dakSiNa gujarAtane jhADIvALe pradeza [ 49 ane pUrva taraphanA DuMgarALa pradezanI vaccamAM madhyastha rasALa medAna che. tyAM nAnI nAnI nadIo jevI ke pUrNa, aMbikA, auraMgA, pAra, kelaka ane damaNa AvelI che. temanA jaLamaLa vaDe A pradeza paNa carotara jeTalo rasALa thayo che ane divase divase vadhAre ne vadhAre phaLadrupa banato jAya che. jevI rIte carotaranA kaNabI kheDuto khetInA dhaMdhAmAM niSNAta thayA che tevI rIte surata jIllAmAM AvelA A rasALa pradezanA anAvIla kheDuto paNa uttama prakAranI khetI kare che. carotara karatAM varasAdanuM pramANa paNa ahIMyAM vadhAre che. cAretaranI pedAzane dariyAmAga eya vakhata khaMbhAtanuM baMdara hatuM, paNa te hAla paDI bhAgyuM che, dakSiNa gujarAtane jevAtevAM valasADa ane bilImorA jevAM baMdare che, paNa revenI harIphAImAM temane upayoga thaI zakatA nathI. pUrvane jhADIvALe DuMgarALa pradeza madhyastha rasALa medAnamAM puSkaLa phaLAu jhADa uge che ane tene lIdhe Akho pradeza cataranI mAphaka upavana jevo lAge che. pUrva taraphano pradeza ke jemAM surata ejansInAM dharamapura, vAMsadA ane DAMgane samAveza thAya che tenI jamIna DuMgarAvALI che. gujarAtanA agni cheDA parathI sahyAdri zarU thAya che, ane tenI zAkhAo A vibhAgamAM AvelI che. jamInane DhaLAva pUrvathI pazcima tarapha utare che. A DuMgarALa pradeza upara varasAda ghaNo paDe che ane tethI nAnAMmoTAM puSkaLa jaMgalo AvelAM che. sAga, sIsama, khera, vAMsa vagere jhADa ghaNuM pramANamAM tyAM uge che. te uparAnta jaMgalI prANuo paNa jovAmAM Ave che. Akho pradeza DuMgarALa hovAthI, tyAM kheDANalAyaka jamIna ja nathI. eTale khetIne udyoga sArI sthitimAM nathI. vastIne moTe bhAge AthI jaMgalonI pedAzane lagatA dhaMdhAmAM

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50 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna rokAyelo che. jaMgalanI pedAza sivAya DAMgarano pAka tyAM sAro thAya che, kAraNa ke varasAda puSkaLa paDe che. jo ke A pradeza darIyAkinArAthI dUra che, chatAM tyAMnI havA sAmAnya rIte ThaMDI rahe che. bhIla, kALIparaja vagere anArya jAtonI vastI tyAM vadhAre pramANamAM che. pratikULa kudaratI racanAne laIne haju relve vyavahAra tyAM zarU thayo nathI, pariNAme audyogika vikAsa paNa sAdhI zakAtuM nathI. kacchane retALa pradeza sapATa verAna raNapradeza khaMDastha gujarAtanI vAyavyamAM Avelo eka kudaratI vibhAga kacchanA rAjya tarIke oLakhAya che. tenI uttara ane vAyavyamAM siMdha prAMta, pUrvamAM pAlaNapuranuM medAna, dakSiNamAM kAThIyAvADa dvIpakalpa ane kacchano akhAta ane naiRtyamAM hindI samudra Avela che. retALa ane khArA raNakAMThA sivAya kacchapradezane vistAra Azare 7,600 corasa mAIla che ane laMbAI Azare 160 mAila ane pahoLAI 35 thI 70 mAIla che. A pradeza khaMDastha gujarAta ke kAThIyAvAthI bhUtalaracanAmAM, pedAzamAM, laukika khAsIyatamAM ane aneka rIte judo ja paDe che; kAraNa ke tyAMnI prAkRtika paristhiti bhinna che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa te hindustAnanA AkhA khaMDathI taddana vibhakta thayelo che. ke A pradeza nivRkSa, verAna ane khaDakALa che, paNa kaI kaI jagyAe parvatanI TekarIo, nadIonA asamAntara ane UMDA paTe, kheDAyelAM phaLadrupa medAne ane ghAsanAM bIDa jovAmAM Ave che. dakSiNa tarapha samudrakinArA upara AvelA uMcA raNakAMThAnI pAchaLa Azare 20 thI 30 mAIla pahoLuM eka nIcuM, rasALa ane kheDAyeluM medAna AveluM che. te medAna pachInA pradezamAM traNa DuMgarAo

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kacchano retALa pradeza [ pI AvelA che. kacchamAM, pUrva tarapha vAgaDamAM ane uttara tarapha raNadIpamAM, kacchamAM AvelI TekarIo pazcimamAM pahelI che, paNa pUrva tarapha sAMkaDI thatI jAya che. eka vakhatanuM javALAmukhI dhImedhara nAmanuM zikhara (uMcAI 1,000 phuTa) tyAM AveluM che. Azare 900 phuTa uMcAM jhurA ane vArAra nAmanAM bIjAM zikhare paNa te TekarIomAM AvelAM che. vAgaDanI TekarIo bahu uMcI nathI. raNamAM pacchamanA TApumAM uMcAmAM uMcuM zikhara AveluM che ane ceraDa, khadIra ane bela vagerenI uMcAI 620 thI vadhAre nathI. pacchama TApunI nairjItyamAM anI nAmane 65 mAIla pahoLo eka nIcALa pradeza che ke je uttaranI nadIomAM ghasaDAI AvatI retIne banelo che ane pUra vakhate jyAM pANI bharAI jAya che. A TApumAM phakta AhIre rahe che. kacchamAM koI sthAyI nadIo nathI, paNa comAsAmAM ghaNA vistAravALAM nALAM madhyastha TekarIomAMthI nIkaLI, uttare raNa tarapha ane dakSiNe kacchanA akhAta tarapha vahe che. bIjI tumAM nALAM sUkAI javAthI teo hArabaMdha taLAva jevAM dekhAya che. A retALa pradezanAM jaLAzayomAM pANInI taMgI rahe che. DuMgarALa jamInamAM pANInA kUvA ghaNA AvelA che, paNa tyAM pANI khAruM che. khetInA udyoga mATe A pradezamAM kaMI anukULatA nathI. vaLI tyAM jhADanuM pramANa ghaNuM ja ochuM jovAmAM Ave che. temAM moTuM jaMgala eke paNa nathI. A vibhAga karkavRttane samAntara hevAthI naiRtya taraphathI vAtA mosamI pavane tene asara karatA nathI. dakSiNa DhALano jeTalo bhAga kacchanA akhAtanI najIka che, temAM AbehavA mAphakasara che. bAkInA bhAge samudrathI dUra ane raNanI pAse hovAthI havA ativiSama che. gujarAtamAM sauthI ochAmAM ocho varasAda A vibhAgamAM paDe che. raNakAMThA karatAM aMdaranA bhAgomAM ane tenA karatAM darIyAkAMThA upara varasAda sarakhAmaNImAM saheja vadhAre paDe che.

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para | gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna samudramAMthI upasI Avele raNadvIpa bhUstarazAstrIonI mAnyatA pramANe kacchano raNapradeza samudramAMthI upasI Avelo dvIpa che. uttara tarapha vahetI nadIonA. jaLamaLa vaDe vaLI A dvIpa dhIme dhIme retALa pradeza banato jAya che. jyAre A pradeza samudramAMthI upasI Avelo tyAre paNa tenuM pRSTha samAntara na hatuM. bahAranI dhAra tarapha TekarIo hatI ane TekarIonI madhyamAM jaLAzaya hatuM; paNa hAla te pUrAI gayuM che. jyAM sudhI uttara taraphathI nadIo kheDANavALA medAnamAM thaIne samudrane maLaze nahIM, tyAM sudhI temanA pravAhamAM ghasaDAI Avate saghaLA kAMpa A raNamAM bharAte jaze.' kacchanI bhUpRSaracanAmAM ghaNuM pheraphAra thayA che, ema kahevAya che. i. sa. pUrve 325 mAM jyAre alekajhAnDara hindamAM Avela tyAre teNe A raNane mahAsarevara joyeluM. I. sa. 80 mAM perIplasanA vakhatamAM je ke te chIcharuM hatuM, te paNa vyavahArogya hatuM. tyArapachI lagabhaga 1,000 varSa sudhI siMdhunAM pANI A raNamAM thaIne arabI samudrane maLatAM. raNanI uttara dhAra upara jyAM hAla retInA TekarAnI hAra che tyAMthI pazcima tarapha balIyArI, vIrAvaNa vagere prAcIna baMdaro hatAM. pUrva tarapha kacchanA uttara kinArAnA dIpe kIlu nAmanA samudrathI vIMTaLAyelA hatA. raNanI dhAra AgaLa bIjAM baMdaro paNa hatAM, jevAM ke lakhapata, DerA, DerI, phagavADA, chArI ane nIrANA. haju paNa pacchamanA uttara kinArA tarapha pUrAI gayelA samudranA avazeSo maLI Ave che, ane pacchamanA phaMgavADA AgaLa i. sa. 1819nA dharatIkaMpane lIdhe bahAra AvelA lokhaMDanA kakaDA ane vahANanA khIlA tyAM pahelAM baMdare haze, e mAnyatA vyakta kare che. 2. Wadia, D. N. Geology of India, p. 255. 2. Kutch Guzetteer, (1880) p. 15.

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kacchane retALa pradeza [ pa3 siMdhune pravAha kacchamAM bhUstarazAstrIoe siddha karyuM che ke siMdhu nadI eka vakhata kacchamAM thaIne arabI samudrane maLatI hatI. paraMtu keTalAka ema mAne che ke siMdhu kacchamAM thaIne kAThIAvADa ane khaMDastha gujarAtanI madhyamAM vahIne khaMbhAtanA akhAtane maLatI. jyAre bhegelika aka smAtathI teno pravAha badalAyo tyAre khaMbhAtane akhAta pAche haThata gayo ane bhAlane pradeza baMdhAto gayo. siMdhu hAlanI jagAe javAthI jhAlAvADa phaLadrupa banyo. zrIyuta ratnamaNirAva sarasvatIne khaMDastha mahAnadI gaNe che ane siMdhune pravAha mAtra ka7 sudhI dhAre che. khaMDastha gujarAtamAM tenA vaheNa viSe kadAca matabheda hoya, paNa kacchamAM tenA vaheNa viSe jAdI mAnyatA nathI. kacchamAM vahetI siMdhu nadI paNa tyAMthI Aje lupta thaI che. siMdhane amIra gulAmazAha i. sa. 1761mAM jyAre kaccha upara caDhI Avyo tyAre teNe siMdhu nadInAM pANI ADe ATha phuTa uMce eka baMdha bAMdhyo ane tenuM nAma adalAbaMdha rAkhyuM. Aje paNa te allAbaMdha tyAM Avela che. I. sa. 1819mAM kacchamAM pracaMDa dharatIkaMpa thayo ane tethI allAbaMdha ane AjubAjunI eka mAIlanA vistAranI jamIna aDhAra phuTa uMcI thaI gaI. kacchamAM lakhapata baMdara AgaLa vahetI siMdhu nadInI A chelalI zAkhA Ama haMmezane mATe lupta thaI. tyAra pachI kacchamAM traNathI cAra vakhata 4. Kutch Gazetteer pp. 237-240 "A dharatIkaMpane lIdhe Azare 2,000 corasa mAila vistAranI jamIna 12 thI 15 phuTa nIce besI gayelI ane eka samudranA rUpamAM pheravAI gayelI. siMkIne kIlo ke je samudranA kinArA para AveluM hatuM, ane jenA upara ghaNuM vAra laDAInA maracA maMDAyelA te paNa samudramAM DubI gayela ane ghaNuM varSa sudhI teno eka bUraja samudranI bahAra dekhAte hatA."--Wadia D. N. pp. cit. p. 81.

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54 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgeALivAna brUka pa thayelA. AthI eTaluM te vidita thAya che ke kacchanA raNapradezanI aMtaga racanA javALAmukhI parvatAnA jevI hAvAthI bhUkaMpe tyAM vAravAra thAya che. kAThIyAvADanA DuMgarALa pradeza dvIpamAMthI banelA dvipakalpa mULa gujarAtanI pazcima taraph arabI samudramAM AvelA A dvIpakalpa kAThIyAvADa nAmathI eLakhAya che. tenI prAkRtika racanA uparathI ema lAge che ke te javALAmukhImAMthI utpanna thayelA TrIpa ke dvIpasamUha hovA joie. tenI uttara sarahade kacchanA chIcho akhAta ane khAre| retALa pradeza AvelA che. khaDastha gujarAta ane kAThIyAvADanI madhyamAM khArI jamIna ane naLa sarAvara AvelAM che. I. sa. 1827mAM mI. melavIle lakhyuM che ke A naLa sareAvaranA bhAga eTalA nIce che ke koI vastIvALeA bhAga bhAgye ja eTale! nIceA haze.1 naLa ane bhAgAvA nadInA nIcalA pravAha maLIne najIkanA bhUtakALamAM darIyAnA kAMTA haze, ema gejheTIyaranA kartAnuM mAnavuM che. ativRSTi vakhate kacchanA raNanuM pANI naLamAM Ave che ane vadhIne khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM paNa jAya che. eve vakhate Aje paNa kAThIyAvADa bheTa banI jAya che. naLane kAMThe kANAMvALA meTA patthara nIkaLe che ke jeo prAcIna samayamAM vahANunA laMgara tarIke vaparAtA. i. sa. 1788 sudhI paNuvADa ne mIThApura sudhI bhAvanagaranAM vhANu mIThuM laI AvatAM ane bhAlanuM rU laI jatAM.2 jema jema khabhAtanA akhAta pUrAtA gayeA tema tema naLakAMThA paNa baMdhAtA gayA. akhAtamAM AvatI bharatI ane nadA vagerenA pravAhamAM dhasaDAI 1-2 Kathiawar Gazetteer, p. 559. Ahmedabad Gazetteer p. 16 & Wadis, D. N. op. eit, p. 256.

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kAThIyAvADane DuMgarALa pradeza. [ 55 AvatA jaLamaLane lIdhe akhAta pUrAI jAya, e saMbhavita che. naLakaThAnI nIcANavALI jamIna AthI sAbIta kare che ke tyAM pahelAM samudra athavA samudra jevaDA pravAhavALI mATI khaMDastha nadI hevI joIe. vividha kudaratI racanA jo ke kAThIyAvADa jUde kudaratI vibhAga che, paNa tenI aMdara eka ja prakAranI prAkRtika racanA dekhAtI nathI. cheka uttara tarapha kaccha ane siMdhanAM sUkAM raNa ane dakSiNa tarapha samudra ane koMkaNanA bhinAzavALA pradeza vacce AvelA kAThIyAvADamAM ekanI verAnatA ane bIjAnI phaLadrupatAnAM cihno dekhAya che. pazcimamAM okhAmaMDaLane retALa pradeza che, ane pUrvamAM jhAlAvADane raNapradeza Avelo che ke jyAM retInI TekarIo ane thoDI ghaNuM vanaspati sivAya kaMI dekhAtuM nathI. dakSiNamAM giranAM vizALa ane ghADAM jaMgalo AvelAM che ke jyAM A kAThIyAvADamAM sauthI vadhAre varasAda paDe che. nitya taraphanA pradezamAM chAyAvALAM jhADanAM jhuMDa ane lIlAMchama khetare kudaratI zobhAmAM abhivRddhi kare che. keTalIka jagyAe kinArAnI jamIna ghaNuM phaLadrupa che, eTale khetIne pAka tyAM sAra thAya che. hAlAra ane jhAlAvADanA parvamAM vanaspati bahu jovAmAM AvatI nathI, tyAre giranAranAM ucca zikhare jhADapAnathI bharapUra che. AvI vividha prAkRtika paristhitithI tyAMnI AbohavAmAM paNa ghaNe pheraphAra mAlama paDe che. kinArA AgaLa havA sukhakAraka, madhyamAM viSama ane uttara tarapha ativiSama che. jhAlAvADa ane hAlAranA retALa pradezamAM varasAda thaDe paDe che, eTale tyAM pANInI taMgI vadhAre rahe che. dakSiNa tarapha varasAda vadhAre paDe che, je ke vadhAremAM vadhAre varasAda mAtra giranAM jaMgalomAM paDe che. parvatanI racanA phaLadrupa pradeza sivAya Akho kAThIyAvADa khaDako ane TekarIAmAM vaheMcAI gayo che ane je girimALAo che te vicitra

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56 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna rIte patharAyelI che. uttara taraphanA DuMgarAnI hAra Azare 150 mAIla lAMbI che ane te naiRtyathI IzAnamAM jAya che. temAM baraDe ane ceTIlo nAmanA be mukhya parvate AvelA che. te sivAyane bAkIno uttara vibhAga sAmAnya rIte sapATa che. porabaMdarathI Azare 18 mAIla dUra AvelI baraDAnI TekarIne gherAva Azare 20 mAIla che. uttara taraphathI tenA traNa jUdAM zikhare dekhAya che. cheka pazcima taraphanuM veNuM nAmanuM zikhara samudrasapATIthI Azare 2,050 kuTa uMcuM che. azAntinA samayamAM vAMsathI chavAyelI tenI TekarIomAM lUMTAra ane bahAravaTIyA vAraMvAra Azraya letA.1 kAThIyAvADanI IzAnamAM Avela DhALavALA DuMgarALa pradeza paMcALane nAme oLakhAya che. temAM Avelo coTIlA parvata Azare 1,170 phuTa uce che. tenI uttaramAM AveluM sapATa medAna retALa ane khArAzavALuM che, ane pUrvamAM naLakAMThAne nIcANavALo pradeza Avela che. AkhA paMcALamAM ekaMdare ghAsa puSkaLa ugavAthI Dhoraucherane dhaMdhe tyAM sAre cAle che. dakSiNa taraphanA DuMgaranI hAra Azare 100 mAIla lAMbI che. ane te pUrvathI pazcima tarapha jAya che. cheka dakSiNamAM kinArAne samAntara 40 mAIla lAMbe ane 20 mAIla pahoLo DuMgarALa pradeza gira nAme oLakhAya che. vanaspatithI bharapUra ghaNI TekarIo tyAM hArabaMdha AvelI che. giranA jaMgalamAM siMha ane hiMsaka prANuo bahu jovAmAM Ave che ane te sivAya hindamAM anya jagyAe siMhanI vastI ja nathI. baraDAnI jema A pradeza paNa eka vakhata bahAravaTIAonuM raheThANa hatuM. giranI pUrva dizA tarapha vALAka nAmanA pradezamAM tenA jevo DuMgara lagabhaga kinArA pAse AveluM che, te vAlAka gira nAme oLakhAya che. 1 Imperial Gazetteer of India (Bombay Presidency) Vol. II, p. 894.

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kAThIyAvADane DuMgarALa pradeza [ 57 kAThIyAvADanA pUrva DhALanI madhyamAM pAlItANA pAse zetruje parvata Avelo che ke je samudranI sapATIthI Azare 1,970 phuTa uce che. giranI mAphaka A DuMgara jhADapAnathI bharapUra nathI. AkhuM zikhara jaina lokonAM suMdara devAlayothI suzejita thayeluM che. A daherAMnI apUrva kArIgarInI ghaNA musApharo ane yAtrALuoe prazaMsA karelI che. | gujarAtamAM AbuthI bIjA naMbarane uMco pahADa giranArano che. jUnAgaDhathI 10 mAila pUrve Avele A parvata samudranI sapATIthI Azare 3,660 phuTa uce che. tenI laMbAI mAtra 15 bhAIla ane pahoLAI 4 mAIla che, eTale tene vistAra bahu nathI. uMcAmAM uMcA gorakhanAthanA zikhara sivAya bIjAM aMbAmAtA, gurU dattAtreya, kALakA ane oghaDa, e nAmanAM cAra zikhara AvelAM che. Akho pahADa vanaspatithI bhareluM che ane ThekANe ThekANe suMdara jharAo AvelA che. zetrujAnI jema ahIM paNa jUdA jUdA dharmonAM devAlayo kotarakAma mATe jANItAM che. giranArathI AsapAsanA pradezane moTo lAbha e che ke tyAM vadhAremAM vadhAre varasAda paDe che ke jethI dareka cemAse rAvaLa, hiraNya, sonarekhA, ejhata vagere nadIo siMdhusAgara jevI bane che. jaLane moTo bhAga girapradezamAM bharAI rahe che ane AthI AkhA kAThIyAvADamAM vadhAremAM vadhAre haThIlo melerIyAne upadrava tyAM udbhave che. nadIonA pravAha mULa gujarAtanI nadIo karatAM kAThIyAvADanI nadIo bahu nAnI che. vaLI parvatanI racanA ekasarakhI nahIM hovAthI nadIo lagabhaga sarva dizAmAM vahe che. nadIonAM mULa ane mukha vaccenuM aMtara ghaNuM ochuM che, eTale temane vistAra paNa pramANamAM ochA che. A vibhAgamAM jUdA jUdA DhALa para vahetI nAnI nadIo ghaNI che, paNa sauthI mukhya nadI bhAdara che. mAMDavadhAramAMthI nIkaLI te

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58 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna nitya tarapha vahe che ane navIbaMdara AgaLa samudrane maLe che. tene vistAra Azare 120 mAIla che ane tenA kinArAnI pAse atizaya kheDAyelI jamIna che. tenA mukha pAse bAre mAsa pANI rahe che ane junAgaDha rAjyamAM khetIne mATe tene ghaNe upayoga thAya che. bIjI nadI teja mULamAthI nIkaLIne pUrva tarapha vahI khaMbhAtanA akhAtane maLe che ane te sukhabhAdara kahevAya che. pUrva DhALa para vahetI bIjI nadIo vaDhavANane bhegAvo, lIMbaDIne bhogAvo ane zetrujI che. zetruMjI nadI zetruMjA parvatamAMthI nIkaLI khArI ane rajAvaLa nAmanI zAkhAnAM pANuM laIne khaMbhAtanA akhAtane maLe che. A nadInI kudaratI zobhA ghaNI AnaMdakAraka che. uttara DhaLAvanA pradezamAM nAgamatI, raMgamatI, AjI vagere nadIo vahIne kacchanA akhAtane maLe che ane bIjA vaheLA dakSiNamAM bhAdara nadIne maLe che. navAnagara pAse vahetI raMgamatI nadInA uttama pANIne laIne navAnagaramAM raMgATakAma sArU thAya che, evI tyAM mAnyatA che. uttara taraphanI A sarva nadIomAM comAsA sivAya bIjI RtuomAM pAchuM rahetuM nathI, eTale pANInI taMgI tyAM ghaNuM rahe che. vyavahAra ke khetI mATe kAThIyAvADanI nadIonI paNa bahu upayogitA nathI. samudrakinArAnI racanA kAThIyAvADane kinAre | gujarAtane moTAmAM meTe kudaratI lAbha sAgarakAMThAne che ke jethI te hAla vyApArI pradezane nAme oLakhAya che. cheka uttaramAM kacchane akhAta chIchare che, kAraNa ke nadIonA jaLamaLa tyAM ekaThA thAya che. tyAM mukhya baMdare beDI, salAyA ane vavANIyA, 1. Imperial Gazetteer, (Bombuy Presidency ) Vol. II, p. 868.

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samudrakinArAnI racanA [ 59 sudhInA kinArA che. te retInI TekarIo hArabaMdha ane mAMDavI che. kAThIyAvADanA kinArAnA traNa vibhAge tha! zake che. pahelA vibhAga jagatabhUzirathI dIva Azare 160 mAila lAMkhe che ane tyAM jovAmAM Ave che. za MkhAhAra bheTa mUkyA pachI pArabaMdara ane verAvaLa baMdarA, dIva bhUzira ane chevaTe dIva beTa Ave che. bIjo vibhAga dIvathI geApanAtha sudhIne che. tenA vistAra Azare 80 mAila che. tyAM sAdhAraNa uMcI TekarIo AvelI che ke jemAM samudranAM meAjAthI khakhAlA paDI gayelI che. samudra taraphathI A kAMDAne dekhAva ghaNA AhlAdajanaka lAge che. dIva eTa pachI ziyALabeTa, jApharAbAda baMdara ane geApanAtha Ave che. kAThIyAvADanA kinArAne kharA vaLAka jApharAbAdathI zarU thAya che. gopanAthathI kha'bhAta sudhIne Azare 70 lAIla lAMbe kinArA nIcA, kAdavavALA, saheja retALa ane khaDakALa che. geApanAtha pachI bhAvanagaranI khADI Ave che. A khADI nadIonA kAMpathI pUrAtI jAya che, paNa yAMtrika yAjanAthI tyAM jaLamaLa bahAra kADhavAmAM Ave che ke jethI hAla bhAvanagaranuM badara pharIthI khIlyuM che. dhelerA ane khaMbhAtanI khADIemAM eka vakhata sArAM baMdare khIlelAM hatAM, paNa nadIonA kAMpathI pUrAI javAthI hAla te nirUpayeAgI thayAM che. khaMbhAtanA akhAta viSe bhUstarazAstrIonI evI mAnyatA che ke te koI mahA nadInuM pahoLuM thaI gayeluM mukha che. keTalAka tene siMdhu nadInuM mukha mAne che, tyAre khIjA tene prAcIna sarasvatInuM mukha dhAre che. mULa gujarAtanA kinArA mULa gujarAtanA kinArAmAM ekaMdare khADIe vadhAre che, paNa te vyavahArane lAyaka nathI. bharUca jIllAmAM AvI khADIonA 1 rA. ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva, " khAvAyelI nadI, '' prasthAnanA kAti ka aMka (1980, ) pA. 18.

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gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna khetI mATe sAre upayoga thAya che. khaMbhAtanuM baMdara mUkyA pachI mahI nadInuM pahoLuM thaI gayeluM mukha Ave che. narmadA nadInI khADImAM AveluM bharUca athavA bhagukaccha eka vakhata agatyanuM baMdara hatuM, paNa hAla te paDatI dazAmAM che. tApI nadInA mukha AgaLa AveluM surata baMdara paNa hAla khADI pUrAI javAthI nirUpayogI thayeluM che. kIma nadInA mukhathI uttare 8 mAIla dUra AvelI mAtra vaDanI khADI narmadA ane kIma nadIonA mukha vacce agatyanI che. bharUca ane surata jIllAnA kinArA AgaLa bharatInAM mojAM vAraMvAra AvavAthI pAsenI jamIna para khAre thara jAmI jAya che ke je unALAmAM vAtA darIyAi pavanane laIne uDe che ane phaLadrupa khetaramAM ghaNuM nukazAna kare che. tApInA mukha pachI anukrame pUrNa, aMbikA, auraMgA, pAra, kelaka ane damaNa nadIonAM mukha Ave che ane kaI kaI jagyAe nAnI khADIo AvelI che. bilImorA, valasADa ane damaNa tyAM nAnAM baMdaro che, paNa kAMThAnA vyApAra sivAya bIjo vyApAra cAlatuM nathI. mULa gujarAtane kinAre chIchare ane kinArA pAsenI jamIna retALa ane khAravALI che. AkhA gujarAtanA samudrakinArAnI laMbAI Azare 900 bhAIlathI vadhAre che, paNa IMglAMDanA kinArA jeTale te khAMcAkhAMcAvALo nathI. nAnA nAnA traNa beTe ane jamInamAM ardha sudhI ja gayelA be nAnA akhAte kinArA para AvelA che. khADIo kaI kaI jagyAe AvelI che, paNa teo kAMpathI pUrAI gayelI che. gujarAtamAM kaI ThekANe kudaratI baMdara thAya tevo yogya kinAre ja nathI. kaccha ane kAThIyAvADane kinAre khaDakALa che, eTale ke kinArA sudhI vahANe tathA AgaboTa laI javAmAM bIka rahe che. khaMDastha gujarAtane kinAre chIchare hovAthI vahANe TheTha sudhI pahoMcI zakatAM nathI.

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samudrakinArAnI racanA [ 6. | gujarAtanAM ghaNAMkharAM baMdare nadIonA mukha AgaLa AvelA che. eTale jyAM sudhI kinAre UMDe hatuM tyAM lagI teo sArI sthitimAM hatAM, paraMtu nadIo jema jema vaheNamAM kAMpa ghasaDI lAvIne kinAre pUratI gaI tema tema A baMdara nirUpayegI thatAM gayAM. khaMbhAta, bharUca, surata vagere baMdaranI A pramANe ja paDatI. thayelI che. arvAcIna yAMtrika yugamAM kudaratI geralAbho paNa lAbhamAM pheravAya che. baMdaranI pAse pradeza udyoga ke vyApAramAM AgaLa vadhelo hoya to pratikULa baMdarane yAMtrika janAthI sAnukULa banAvavAmAM ekaMdare ghaNo lAbha thAya che. kAThIyAvADanAM svataMtra dezI rAjyoe bhAvanagara vagere baMdarone A rIte khIlavavA mAMDyAM che ane tyAM AgabeTA AvI zake che, paNa mULa gujarAtanAM baMdare tarapha pUratuM dhyAna apAtuM nathI.

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gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna prakaraNa 3 juM pedAza ane udyoga khetInI pedAza koI paNa dezanI athavA prAMtanI unnatine AdhAra tenA vyApAra ane udyoganI pravRtti upara rahe che; paNa vyApAra ke udyoganA vikAsane AdhAra tenI pedAza upara che. jeTale aMze pedAzanI cIje upayogI ane mUlyavAna hoya teTale aMze vyApAra ke udyoganI upayogitA ane mUlya vadhe che. hindustAna khetIpradhAna deza hovAne lIdhe tenA prAnto paNa khetIpradhAna hoya temAM kaMI Azcarya nathI. gujarAta prAMta tenI khetInI khIlavaNane lIdhe hindanA upavana' tarIke oLakhAya che. A vibhAganI prAkRtika paristhiti ane AbehavA vividha hovAthI lagabhaga dareka jAtanI khetInI pedAza tyAM utpanna thAya che. khetInI pedAzamAM sauthI vadhAre pramANa A vibhAgamAM kapAsanuM che ke je apavAda sivAya dareka ThekANe utpanna thAya che. kapAsanA choDane sAmAnya rIte unALAmAM ghaNI uNatA ane comAsAmAM 30 thI 40 iMca varasAda joIe che; paraMtu khAsa karIne bhUmi kapAsanA pAkamAM agatyane bhAga bhajave che. picI ane jADI mATIvALI kALI jamIna athavA nadInA kAMpanI banelI jamIna kapAsa mATe khAsa upayogI che. uttara gujarAtamAM cheka raNa ane DuMgarA sivAya sarva jagyAe kALI jamIna AvelI che ane madhyastha ane nadIonA khINavALA vibhAgamAM, mahI, narmadA, tApI ane temanI zAkhAonA kAMpathI banelI ghaNuM rasALa bhUmi che. vaLI vassAdanuM pramANa 30 thI 40 iMca che, eTale kapAsa

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pidAza ane udyoga [ 63 mukhyatve karIne uttaranA raNapradeza, pUrvanA DuMgarALa pradeza, kacchanA raNakAMThA ane kAThIyAvADanI keTalIka DuMgarALa jamIna sivAya AkhA gujarAtamAM pAke che. uttaranA medAna ane cotara pradezamAM pAka kapAsa "lerAnA kapAsa' tarIke oLakhAya che, ane dakSiNamAM pAtA kapAsane "bharUcane kapAsa' kahe che. banne eka bIjAthI judA paDe che, je ke bharUca, dholerA, khAnadeza vagere rUmAMthI nIkaLatA tAMtaNa TuMkA hoya che. amerIkA ane IjIptanA rUmAMthI lAMbA tAMtaNuM nIkaLatA hovAthI pazcimamAM te rUmAMthI banatuM sutarAu kApaDa uttama hoya che. gujarAtamAM sArI jAtanA kapAsanA vAvetaramAM kaMI vRddhi thaI hoya tema jaNAtuM nathI. dezI rAje A dizAmAM kaMIka prayAsa AdarI rahyAM che ane khAlasA mulakamAM khetIvADInA amaladAre uttama kapAsanuM vAvetara vadhAravA pracArakAma karI rahyA che. rAjapIpaLAnA rAjya uttama jAtanA rUnAM vAvetara vadhAravAne i. sa. 1919-20 mAM kAyado ghaDelo ke jethI hAla halakI jAtanA dhArI rUnAM vAvetara baMdha paDayAM che. pahelAM je rUnA bharUca rU karatAM ochA bhAva upajatA tenA hAla bharUca rU' karatAM vadhAre bhAva upaje che. AkhA hindustAnanA rUnA vAvetaramAM gujarAtane hisso sArA pramANamAM che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa "bharUca rU'nI jAta, sethI uttama che. eTale anya dezI rAjyamAM ane khAlasA mulakamAM te saMbadhI yogya pagalAM bharavAmAM Ave, te gujarAtanI khetIne ekaMdare ghaNo lAbha thAya tema che. ghauM ziyALu pAka che, eTale tene madhyama uSNatAmAna ane varasAda jarUranAM che. bhejavALI havAmAM ghaune pAka thato nathI. ? Supplementto "Times of India" dated September 16, 1938 (Rajpipla State) p. 56.

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64 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna kALI jamInamAM ghauM sArA pAke che. gujarAtamAM jyAM kapAsa pAke che tyAM sAmAnya rIte ghauM paNa utpanna thAya che. sAbaramatInAM bhAThAnI jamInamAM, bhAla pradezamAM, caretaramAM, bharUcanA sapATa rasALa medAnamAM ane kAThIyAvADanI sapATa jamInamAM ghauM mukhyatve karIne thAya che. keneDA ke osTrelIyAnA ghauMnI sarakhAmaNImAM gujarAtanA ghauM utaratA che eTaluM ja nahIM paNa dara ekara dITha pAka che utare che. paMjAba ane saMyukta prAMtanA ghauMmAM paNa e ja nyUnatA mAlama paDe che. DAMgara moTA bhAge comAsAmAM uge che ane tene ugavA mATe atizaya varasAda joIe che. te uparAMta lAMbA vakhata sudhI bhinAza TakAvI zake tevI kAMpanI jamIna Avazyaka che. jyAM jyAM varasAdanuM pramANa atizaya che tyAM tyAM DAMgara pakavavAmAM Ave che. cheka dakSiNa gujarAtamAM sauthI vadhAre DAMgara pAke che, kAraNa ke tyAM sahyAdri parvatane lIdhe 40 thI 75 IMca varasAda paDe che. mULa gujarAta ane kAThIyAvADamAM anya jagyAe jyAM pANInI chata sArI che ane phaLadrupa jamIna che tyAM paNa DAMgara ochAvattA pramANamAM thAya che. jApAna, sIyAma ane jAvAnI DAMgaranI sarakhAmaNImAM DAMgarane pAka dara ekaMdare ghaNe e utare che. tamAkunA pAka mATe picI kAMpanI jamIna, unALAmAM sAmAnya uSNatAmAna ane julAIthI sapTembara sudhI puSkaLa varasAda Avazyaka che. gujarAtamAM khAsa karIne AvI anukULa AbehavA carotaramAM dekhAya che, eTale tyAM tamAkune ghaNo sAro pAka thAya che. uttara gujarAtamAM paNa tamAku ochAvattA pramANamAM uge che. te sivAya gujarAtamAM tamAku jaththAbaMdha bIjI koI jagyAe pakavavAmAM AvatI nathI. gujarAtanI balake AkhA hindustAnanI tamAku sumAtrA, varachanIyA ane havAnAnI tamAma karatAM ghaNuM utaratI che.

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pedAza ane udyoga [ pa pUrva sarahadanI DuMgarALa bhUmimAM kudaratI sAnukULatA kaI na hovAthI mAtra makAI ke caNA sivAya koI paNa khetInI pedAza thatI nathI. ' garIba leAkAnuM dhAnya' bAjarI khAsa karIne kAThIyAvADanA jhAlAvADa vibhAgamAM puSkaLa pAke che. te uparAMta kAThIyAvADanAM anya rAjyamAM ane uttara tarapha vaDhIyAranI jamInamAM bAjarI pAke che. khAjarInI mAphaka juvAra paNa kALI jamInamAM ugavAthI tene pAka kAThIyAvADa ane uttara gujarAtamAM thAya che. magaphaLI, tala vagere telIbIyAM caretara ane suratanI rasALa bhUmimAM sArAM pAke che. kacchanA retALa pradezamAM phaLadrupa jamInanI khAmI ane varasAdane abhAva hovAthI khAjarI, juvAra ane kaDDALa sivAya kaI pAkatuM nathI. zeraDIne pAka dhaNA ochA thAya che. phakata vaDedarA rAjyamAM ane kAThIyAvADamAM zeraDIne sAmAnya pAka thAya che. khAMDanAM kArakhAnAMnA abhAve phaLadrupa ane anukULa AmehavA hovA chatAM zeraDIne pAka sArA pramANamAM thatA nathI. arvAcIna AdyAgika yuga arvAcIna audyogika yugamAM rASTrIya ke prAntIya vyApAramAM udyoga ati mahatvanA bhAga bhajave che; paraMtu pedAzanI khIlavaNI sivAya saMgIna audyogika vikAsa thavA muzkela che. pazcimanA deza atyAre samRddhivAna ane AgaLa vadhelA che, tenuM mULa kAraNa teo udyogapradhAna che. tyAM yAMtrikavAda pUra josamAM che. yAMtrikavAde hunnara, udyoga, kalA, vyApAra, vyavahAra vageremAM puSkaLa parivartana karyuM che. khetIpradhAna dezanI sarakhAmaNImAM udyogapradhAna deza Aje apUrva AbAdI bhegave che, eTale dhIme dhIme navA dezomAM paNa audyogika vikAsa thatA jAya che. prAcIna samayamAM hindustAne Adyogika ke yAMtrika parivatana joyeluM na hatuM, chatAM dezanA udyogA sArI rIte khIlelA hatA ane 5

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66 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgeALavijJAna udyoganI banAvaTanI nikAzane lIdhe hindamAM dara varSe puSkaLa sAnu AvatuM.1 pazcimanA yAMtrikavAdanA pravAhamAM hindanA udyoge taNAI gayA che. pariNAme hindustAna hAla khetIpradhAna banyA che. arvAcIna gujarAtamAM paNa e ja jAtanI paristhiti che. mukhyatve karIne temAM khetInA vikAsa jovAmAM Ave che, ane tAjetaramAM keTalAka udyoge moTA pAyA upara zarU thayA che. bAkInA paracuraNa gRhaudyoga ghaNe ThekANe cAle che, paNa temanI sthiti teASakAraka nathI. gujarAtamAM khetInI pedAza mukhya hAvAthI je kaMI alpa AdyAgika vikAsa zarU thayA che te A pedAzane lIdhe che te have vidita thaze. sutarAu kApaDanA mIlaudyAga gujarAtanI mukhya pedAza rU che, eTale hAla mAtra sutarAu kApaDanA udyoga moTA pAyA upara cAle che. jyAM jyAM rUnA pAka sArA pramANamAM thAya che tyAM tyAM meTAM zaherAmAM mIle| AvelI che. mIlAmAM vaparAtA kAlasA khIjA prAMtamAMthI Ave che ane taiyAra kApaDa meTA bhAge A vibhAgamAM vecAya che. gujarAtanI mIlezanuM kApaDa khIjA prAMtAmAM vaLI jAya che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa muMbaI jevA mIlaudyoganA mathakamAM paNa tenuM vecANa thAya che. mATAM zaherAmAM AvelI mIleA uparAMta mIlaudyogane poSanArAM jIna ane presanAM kArakhAnAM AkhA prAMtamAM ghaNe ThekANe AvelAM che. mIlaudyoganuM kendra hAla amadAvAda che. amadAvAdanuM ja nahIM, alke AkhA gujarAtanuM moTAmAM meTuM audyogika dhana tyAMnA mIlaudyogamAM che. hindanA bIjA udyogonI sarakhAmaNImAM A udyoganA vikAsamAM mAtra dezI muDI ane dezI vahIvaTanA ja kALA che. i. sa. 1851 mAM hindamAM pahelI sutarAu kApaDanI mIla thaI. amadAvAda e vakhate kAi svataMtra dezanI rAjyadhAnI na hatuM ke 1 K. T. Shah, Trade, Tariff & Transport in India, P.. 46. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 1 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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padAza ane udyoga [ 67 ilAkAnuM mukhya zahera na hatuM, chatAM sAhasa ane udyoganI bAbatamAM gujarAtanuM pATanagara anya zahero karatAM AgaLa vadhyuM. i. sa. 1861 mAM zrIyuta raNachoDalAla choTAlAlanI dhagazathI amadAvAdamAM pahelI bhIla sthapAI. I. sa. 1880 pachI amadAvAdamAM mIlo dhIme dhIme vadhatI gaI ane moTA vigraha pachI mIlonI saMkhyAmAM ghaNo vadhAro thayo che. i. sa. 1931 nI gaNatrI pramANe amadAvAdamAM 85 mIla hatI. te sivAya amadAvAnA ejanTonA vahIvaTa nIcenI mIlo gujarAtanI bahAra paNa AvelI che. temane aMdara gaNavAmAM Ave te taLa amadAvAdanI ja mIlonI mULa muDI rUA. 4 karoDathI vadhAre thAya, trAko Azare 15 lAkha upara thAya, zALA Azare 35 hajAra thAya, rUnI vaparAza 160 hajAra khAMDIthI vadhAre thAya ane majuronI saMkhyA Azare 70 hajAra thAya. AvI apratima pragatine lIdhe amadAvAda hAla "gujarAtanuM mAMcesTara' kahevAya che te yathArtha che. AkhA gujarAtamAM nAnI moTI sutarAu kApaDanI mIlo ekaMdare 121 che, ane temAM kAma karatA majurenI saMkhyA 1. zrI. ratnamaNirAva. "gujarAtanuM pATanagara," pR. 792. 2. gujarAtamAM sutara kAMtavAnI ke kApaDa vaNavAnI nAnI moTI mIlonI vigata A pramANe che: amadAvAda (85); vIramagAma (4); bharUca (); naDIyAda (1); surata (1 mIla ane 7 nAnAM vaNATanAM kArakhAnA); khaMbhAta (1); rAjakeTa (1); bhAvanagara (1); vaDhavANa (1); porabaMdara (1 nAnuM vaNATanuM kArakhAnuM); vaDedarA rAjya (14= kalolaH 3, kaDI, siddhapuraH 2, navasArIH 1, bIlImorAH 1, vaDodarAH 4, peTalAda: 2). jana ane presanAM kArakhAnAnI vigata A pramANe che: vaDodarA rAjya (117; kAThIyAvADa ane gujarAtanA anya rAjyo tathA ejansIo (65); amadAvAda jIllo (53), bharUca jIlle (2); surata jIllo (3); kheDA challo (14); paMcamahAla jIlle (7); kula saMkhyA 331. Report on Large Industrial Establishments in India ( 1931 ) pp. 1-7.

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68 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUMgAvijJAna 91,774 che. hindustAnamAM AvelI sutarAu kApaDanI mIlone lagabhaga trIjo bhAga gujarAtamAM ja che. AthI khyAla Avaze ke rUnA udyoga gujarAtamAM atimahatvanA bhAga bhajave che. khetInI pedAzane lagatA nAnA udyAgA rU sivAya khetInI pedAzane lagatA nAnA nAnA yAMtrika udyoge gujarAtanAM meTAM zaheramAM AvelA che, eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa nAnAM gAmemAM yAMtrika kArakhAnAMne vaparAza vadhatA jAya che. ghauM daLavAnA ane DAMgara khAMDavAnA sA~cA dareka agatyanA zahera ke gAmamAM hAla jovAmAM Ave che. DAMgara khAMDavAne! udyoga jo ke brahmadeza ke baMgALAnI sarakhAmaNImAM gujarAtamAM meTA pAyApara khIlavI zakAya tema nathI, kAraNa ke DAMgaranA pAka dakSiNa gujarAta sivAya khIje jaththAbaMdha thatA nathI. rU thI khIjA naMbaranA gujarAtamAM khetIne pAka thauM che ke jenAM vAvetara vadhAravA mATe anukULa AmehavA che. zreSTha jAtanA ghauMnA vAvetara ane dara ekara dITha tenA pAka vadhAravAmAM jo yAgya prayAsa karavAmAM Ave teA gujarAtamAM ghauM daLavAne udyoga meTA pAyA upara sthApI zakAya ane paradezamAM (ijIpta, turkastAna, sIleAna vagere) leTanI sArI nikAza karI zakAya tema che. gujarAtamAM khAMDa banAvavAnA udyoga paNa sthApI zakAya tema che. zeraDInA pAka jo ke ochAvattA pramANamAM gujarAtamAM koI koI jagyAe thAya che, paNa tene upayAga mAtra geALa banAvavAmAM thAya che. khAMDa banAvavAnAM kArakhAnAM hAla vaDedarA rAjyanA gaNudevImAM, jUnAgaDhamAM ane anya ThekANe AvelAM che. jakAtI. rakSaNanA kAyadAthI hAla hindamAM khAsa karIne saMyukta prAMtamAM khAMDanA udyoga puSkaLa khIlI nIkaLyA che. jAvAnI khAMDa hindamAM AvatI lagabhaga baMdha thaI che. gujarAta dhAre te| . khAMDanA udyoga mATA pAyA upara sthApI zakAya tema che.

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pedAza ane udyoga [ 69 tamAku hAla bIDI banAvavAmAM, hukakA pIvAmAM ke khAvAmAM vaparAya che, paNa sArI jAtanA tamAkunA vAvetara vadhAravAmAM Ave te sIgAreTa banAvavAne udyoga paNa caretara ane anya jagyAe khIlI zake tema che. khanIjanI pedAza udyogapradhAna dezamAM khanIjanI pedAza sarvotkRSTa gaNAya che. dezanI kharI unnatinuM Avazyaka aMga udyoganI khIlavaNuM che, paNa A khIlavaNIne AdhAra keTaleka aMze khetInI pedAza para ane meTA bhAge khanIja saMpatti para che. arvAcIna udyogapradhAna dezo pitAnA udyogo khIlavIne puSkaLa samRddhivAna thayelA che. A samRddhi vaDe teo khetIpradhAna dezo pAsethI potAnI jarUrIyAtanI cIjo kharIde che ane badalAmAM bahu mUlyavAna audyogika banAvaTa vece che. arvAcIna audyogika yugamAM AthI khanIja saMpatti e mukhya audyogika saMpatti manAya che. | gujarAtamAM je ke kolasA ke lokhaMDa jevI atimahatvanI khanIja vadhAre pramANamAM mAlama paDatI nathI, paNa pUrva sarahadanA ane kAThIyAvADanA DuMgarALa pradezamAM keTalIka khanIja nIkaLe che ke jene joIe te moTA pAyA para upayoga thato nathI. gujarAtamAM khANamAMthI utpanna thatuM mIThuM (sIMdhAlUNa ke sIMdhava) nIkaLatuM nathI, paraMtu sAgarakinArAnI anukULatA hovAthI keTaleka ThekANe samudranAM pANune sUryanA tApamAM rAkhavAthI mIThuM pedA karavAmAM Ave che. khAsa karIne jyAM pANI chIcharuM heya che tyAM mIThuM pedA karavAnI sArI sagavaDa maLe che. dakSiNa gujarAtamAM dharAsaNA, dAMDI ane charavADA AgaLa mIThuM ghaNA pramANamAM pakavavAmAM Ave che. dvArakA pAse okhAmAM ane kacchanA akhAta tarapha khArAghoDA ane dhrAMgadhrAmAM paNa mIThuM puSkaLa banAva

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o ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUMgALavijJAna vAmAM Ave che. gujarAtamAM utpanna thatuM mIThuM moTA bhAge hindanA khIjA prAMtAmAM nikAza thAya che. lAkhaMDa vagere dhAtuonA udyAgAmAM vaparAtI megenijha khanija paMcamahAlanA pAvAgaDha parvatamAMthI maLI Ave che. lAkhaDa paNa kharaDAnA DuMgaramAMthI khAdI kADhavAmAM Ave che. A dhAtuo sthAnika udyogamAM vaparAtI na heAvAthI meTA bhAge temanI nikAza thAya che. gujarAtamAM ghaNI jagyAe DuMgarALa bhUmi AvelI hovAthI pattharanI khANA ghaNe ThekANe maLI Ave che. rAjapIpaLAnA DuMgaramAMthI ane mahIkAMThAmAM mAjIma nadIne kAMThethI akIkanA patthara nIkaLe che. Ayu, ArAsura ane gAyakavADa tAbenA saMkheDA mahAlanA mAtIparA AgaLa Arasa pattharanI khANe che. te uparAMta kAThIyAvADamAM ochAvattA pramANamAM sa` jagyAe paNa khAsa karIne vaDhavANa, dhrAMgadhrA ane perabaMdaramAM imAratI patthara jaththAbaMdha khAdI kADhavAmAM Ave che. temAM pAradara pAsethI nIkaLatA patthara dhaNI uMcI jAtanA che. ' imArata bAMdhavAmAM vaparAtI ' esbestAsa ' nAmanI khanIja mahIkAMThAnA IDara rAjyamAMthI maLI Ave che. sImenTa sAthe A khanIjate mizra karIne imArata bAMdhavAmAM Ave te Aga lAgI zakatI nathI. pazcimamAM tenA bahALe! upayeAga thAya che ane hindamAM paNa tenI vaparAza zarU thaI che. " sTIeNTAITa' nAmanI khanIja ke je kAgaLa, kApaDa, rabbara ane sAbu banAvavAmAM vaparAya che te vizvamAM ghaNe ThekANe maLI Ave che. AnA upayAga hindamAM mAtra mRtti e, pAtrA, rakAbI ane anya zaNugAranI cIjo banAvavAmAM vaparAya che. 4. sa. 1911-12 mAM hindanA sarakArI bhUstarazAstrIe zodhI kADheluM ke uttama jAtanI ' sTIeNTAiTa' khanIja iDara rAjyanA devameArI AgaLa

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pidAza ane udyoga [ 71. ghaNA jaththAmAM AvelI che. tenI mAnyatA pramANe sapATIthI 20 4. aMdara Azare 20 lAkha Tana khanIja maLI zake tema che.' elyumInama banAvavAmAM vaparAtI "bomAITa' nAmanI khanIja paNa kheDA jIllAmAM maLI Ave che. elyumInama uparAMta A khanIja phaTakaDI banAvavAmAM, khanIjatela zuddha karavAmAM ane anya udyogamAM vaparAya che, paraMtu mukhyatve karIne elyumInama banAvavAmAM ja vaparAya che. tene mATe bhAga kAcI avasthAmAM hindamAMthI nikAza thAya che. Azare 25 varSa pahelAM sara thomasa holeDe jaNAveluM ke "hindamAM garama ane khanIja mizrita jharA ghaNe AvelA che, chatAM temane joIye te upayoga thato nathI. jo ke A jharAo Arthika ke vaidakIya dRSTie keTalA lAbhadAyaka che te kahI zakAya nahIM, paraMtu eTaluM te kahI zakAya ke yuropa ane jApAnamAMthI hindamAM AvA jharAnAM pANInI ghaNI AyAta thAya che. ahIMyAM A jharAo moTe bhAge yAtrAnAM sthaLa manAtAM hevAthI ghaNA yAtrALuo tene TuMka samayane mATe paNa upaga kare che." kheDA jIllAmAM AvelA lasuMdrAnA jharAnuM pANI gaMdhakamizrita hovAthI 115 DIgrI garama rahe che. tyAM ghaNuM yAtrALuo Ave che. paMcamahAlamAM AvelA TuvAnA jharA taMdurastI mATe ghaNuM lAbhakAraka che. Aje paNa A garama jharAo mAtra yAtrAnAM tIrtha tarIke manAya che, paNa pazcimanA dezanI mAphaka vaidakIya ke vaijJAnika dASTae temane joIe teTalo upayoga thayo jaNAtuM nathI. A khanIje uparAMta surokhAra kaccha ane banAsakAMThAmAMthI ane phaTakaDI tathA cIraDI kacchamAMthI nIkaLe che. mahIkAMThAmAMthI 9. J. C. Brown, India's Mineral Wealth, p. 97 2, 1. Plaster of Paris.

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'ER ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhRgeALavijJAna vaLI amarakha maLI Ave che. vaDeAdarA rAjyanA saMkheDA gAma AgaLa kAca banAvavAmAM vaparAtI retI maLI Ave che, paNa kAcanA udyoga dajI tyAM khIlele nathI. muMbaI klAkAmAM cAlatAM kAcanAM kArakhAnAM mATe bIjA prAMtamAMthI retI lAvavAmAM Ave che, paNa gujarAtamAMthI maLI AvatI retIne! vaparAza thate nathI. gujarAtanI khanIjasapattimAM meTAmAM meTI khoTa kolasAnI che. kAlasA e meTAmAM meTuM audyogika dhana che, ane tenA sivAya lokhaMDa vagere meTA udyogA sthApI zakAtA nathI. vaLI Adhunika samayamAM, parvata parathI paDatA dhodhamAMthI athavA vegavALI nadIonA vaheNamAMthI utpanna thatI akhUTa vidyukti vaDe ghaNAkharA pragatimAna dezanA udyogeA khIlelA che. gujarAjhamAM keAlasAnI khANA nathI, paNa akhUTa jaLazakti teA che ke jenA upayoga anya udyoge! khIlavavAmAM karI zakAya ema che. narmadA ke tApInA vegavALA vaheNamAMthI athavA pUrva taraphanA DuMgarAmAMthI ke kAThIyAvADanA giranAra parvatamAMthI vahetA dhodhamAMthI apUrva vidyuzakti pedA karI zakAya tema che, paNu te mATe yeAgya prayAsa hajI thayA nathI. 3 tAjetaramAM gujarAtanI khanIjasapattimAM eka navA prakAranA vadhArA thayA che. I. sa. 1924 thI kAThIyAvADamAM kAlasAnI khANA zAdhavAnA prayAseA cAlu hatA, paraMtu te prayAse| saphaLa nahIM thayA. tenA badale kAlagyAsanA jevA khaLI zake tevA vAyu keTaleka ThekANe 2. J. C. Brown., India's Mineral Wealth, p. 50 3. rAjapIpaLAnA rAjyamAM prasAra thatI karajaNa ane nareMdA nadIenAM vaheNanI jaLarAkti vaDe vidyuta pedA karavAnI yejanA jeke dhaDavAmAM AvI che, paNa temane hajI amalamAM mUkavAmAM AvI nathI. AvI atyaMta lAbhakAraka yeAjanA nANAMnI bhIDane lIdhe aTakI rahI che. (Rajpipla State)-Industrial Supplement to "Times of India" (Special Number), dated Sep. 16, 1983.

Page #100
pedAza ane udyoga [ 93 maLI Avyo che. A kelagyAsamAM khanIjatelanI vAsa AvavAthI AsapAsanI jagyAmAM vadhAre tapAsa karavAmAM AvI ane pariNAme khanIjatelanA kUvA ghoghA, bhAvanagara ane bhacamAM hAMsoTa AgaLa maLI AvyA che. hAla turata A kuvAmAM utpanna thatA kudaratI vyAsane kema upayoga kare tenI yojanAo ghaDAI rahI che, paNa kudaratI gyAsanI nIce puSkaLa khanIjatela hovuM joIe, ema saMzodhanuM mAnavuM che. amerIkAmAM kudaratI gyAsane ghaNo upayoga thAya che. tyAM A gyAsa gharamAM ane kArakhAnAMmAM baLataNa tarIke vaparAya che ane kolagyAsa karatAM sasto paDe che. bhAvanagara ane bharUca jevAM pragatimAna zaheramAM A kudaratI gyAsathI atyaMta lAbha thavAno saMbhava che. gujarAta vyApAramAM agra sthAne che paNa udyoga haju meTA pAyA para zarU thayA nathI. gujarAtamAM kelasA nathI, paNa te meTI agavaDa dUra karI zakAya tema che. gujarAtamAM vistarNa saMzodhana karavAmAM Ave to keTalIka jagyAe jaLazakti utpanna karI zakAya tema che ane chellI zodhathI kudaratI gyAsa ane khanIjatela paNa keTaleka aMze te khoTa pUrI pADaze. AthI gujarAtanA udyoganuM bhaviSya ujaLuM lAge che. khanIjanI pedAzane lagatA ughAge, gujarAtamAM lokhaMDa thoDA pramANamAM maLI Ave che, paNa lokhaMDamAMthI palAda banAvavAno udyoga haju koI paNa jagyAe sthApavAmAM i. "Times of India " dated January 31 & March 2, 1984. 2. ghoghAmAM kudaratI gyAsane mATe "berIMga" mUkavAmAM AvyAM che. Times of India" dated April 18, 1985.

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74 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna AvyuM nathI. A udyogamAM vaparAtI meMgenIjha dhAtu paNa pAsenA DuMgarAmAMthI nIkaLe che; paraMtu kolasAnI kheTane laIne kAcuM lokhaMDa paradeza jAya che. pAvAgaDha ane baraDAnA DuMgarAmAMthI kadAca jaLazakti utpanna karavAnI yojanAo saphaLa thAya te gujarAtamAM jamazedapuranI mAphaka moTA pAyA para nahIM te zarUAtamAM nAnA pAyA para paNa polAda banAvavAne udyoga khIlavI zakAya. gujarAtane bheTe udyoga hAla te mIThAne che. jo ke mIThuM gujarAtamAM darIyA kInAre ochAvattA pramANamAM ghaNI jagyAe pAke che, paNa dvArakA pAse AkhA, viramagAmamAM khArAghoDA ane dhrAMgadhrAmAM kuDA AgaLa mIThAnAM moTAM kArakhAnAM che. mIThA uparAMta bIjA rasAyaNa padArtho tyAM banAvavAmAM Ave che. "megnezyama kalorAIDa' tyAM puSkaLa jaththAmAM bane che ane kApaDanA udyogamAM tenI ghaNI khapata hovAthI bahAra nikAza sArI thAya che. dhrAMgadhrA rAjyamAM kuDA AgaLa alkalI banAvavAnuM moTuM kArakhAnuM che. dhrAMgadhrAne akalIne udyoga AkhA hindustAnamAM moTAmAM moTo udyoga che ke jenI khIlavaNI mATe rAjya ghaNI muDI rekI che. A udyogamAM mukhyatve karIne vaparAtuM mIThuM pAse ja pAke che. baMgALA ane madhyaprAMtamAMthI kolasA lAvavAmAM Ave che. cunAnA patthara kAThIyAvADamAM ja maLI Ave che. kArakhAnAmAM banatAM akalI (keTIka soDA, soDA bAyakArba vagere) relvenI anukuLatAne lIdhe amadAvAda, AgrA, dIlhI, kAnapura vagere najIkanAM audyogika sthaLomAM ghaNAM khape che. AvI anukULatAne laIne dhrAMgadhrAmAM akalIne udyoga sArI rIte khIlele che, paNa paradezI akalIonI vadhatI jatI harIphAI sAme jakAtI rakSaNanI khAsa jarUra che. patthara khodavAne udyoga kAThIyAvADamAM ghaNe ThekANe jovAmAM Ave che, paNa khAsa karIne porabaMdara ane thoDeka aMze dhrAMgadhrAnA rAjyamAMthI nIkaLatA pattharanI nikAza hindanA keTalAka bhAga uparAMta

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[ 7pa. pedAza ane udyoga AphrikA sudhI thAya che. ArAsura ane AbumAMthI nIkaLatA Arasa pattharanI paNa nikAza thAya che. rAjapIpaLAmAMthI nIkaLatA akIkane udyoga khAsa karIne khaMbhAtamAM ghaNo cAle che. akIkane udyoga khaMbhAtamAM lagabhaga 16 mI sadIthI cAlate Ave che. 1 khANamAMthI nIkaLatA pattharane zuddha karyA pachI lImodrA laI javAmAM Ave che ke jyAM lAMbA vakhata sudhI tene sUryanA prakAzamAM rAkhyA pachI mATInA vAsaNamAM zekavAmAM Ave che. AvA akIka tyAra bAda khaMbhAta Ave che ane temAMthI pAtro, cappAnA haththA, kalame, maNakA, erIMganAM naMga vagere banAvavAmAM Ave che. akIkanI. banAvaTa yuropa ane cIna sudhI jAya che; paraMtu A udyoganI hAlanI sthiti saMtoSakAraka nathI, kAraNa ke yuropathI AvatI nakSI banAvaTanI harIphAi divase divase vadhatI jAya che. A sivAyanA kaI khanIjane lagatA udyoga cAlatA nathI. je khanIja khodI kADhavAmAM Ave che tene meTo bhAga kAcI avasthAmAM nikAza thAya che. gujarAtanI khanIja saMpatti vadhAravAmAM ane tene khIlavavAmAM je kaMI prayAsa thayo che te pazcimanA dezanI sarakhAmaNImAM ghaNo ja alpa che. vanaspatinI pedAza, vanaspatinI vividhatAne AdhAra mukhyatve karIne prAkRtika paristhiti ane AbehavA upara rahe che. vanaspatinI vRddhimAM meTA bhAge varasAda ghaNo bhAga bhajave che; paraMtu bhUtabharacanA temanA jaththA ane vaheMcaNa upara asara kare che. AsAma ane suMdaravananAM jaMgalomAM ghaNo varasAda paDe che, eTale tyAM vRkSonI vividhatA ghaNuM che; paNa siMdha, rajapUtAnA vagere ochA varasAdavALA pradezamAM eka ja jAtanAM vRkSa uge che. samudranI sapATIthI jamInanI uMcAI 2. J. C. Brown, India's Mineral Wealth, p. 15.

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S6 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavitAna paNa keTaleka aMze vRkSo upara asara kare che. AsAma ane brahmadezamAM ,000 thI 7,000 phuTa uMcAIe eka ane lerela nAmanAM vRkSo uge che, tyAre himAlayanI vAyavyamAM 7,000 phuTathI vadhAre uMcAIe devadAranAM jhADe puSkaLa jovAmAM Ave che. samudrakinArAnI pAse ke jyAM moTI bharatIo Ave che tyAM meMcava' nAmanAM vRkSe vadhAre pramANamAM dekhAya che. vaLI keTalAMka vRkSo kAMpanI jamIna upara sArAM uge che tyAre keTalAMka DuMgarALa jamIna upara jovAmAM Ave che. eTale bhUmi paNa vRkSo ke vanaspati para ghaNuM asara kare che. gujarAtamAM dareka jAtanI prAkRtika racanA hovAthI bhinna bhinna vanaspati jovAmAM Ave che. ghAsathI chavAyelAM bIDe kAThIyAvADamAM AvelA baraDo coTIlo, zetruMje ane vALAkagiranA DuMgaramAM, karachanI dhArAmAM ane surata jIllAnA pAranerA DuMgaramAM AvelAM che. parvata para paDelA varasAdanuM pANI khINamAM thaIne vahe che, eTale A khINamAM puSkaLa ghAsa tathA jUdI jUdI jAtanAM vRkSo enI meLe ugI nIkaLe che. uparanA DuMgaramAM je ke jhADe jovAmAM Ave che paNa ghAsa puSkaLa ugavAthI teo bIDe jevAM lAge che, A bIDenI mukhya pedAza ghAsa hovAthI heraucherano dhaMdhe tyAM sAre cAle che. gujarAtanI pUrva sarahada upara AvelA DuMgarAo ane kAThIyAvADanA giranAra ane gira parvata ghADAM jaMgalothI chavAyelA che, eTale tyAM sAga, sIsama, khera, vAMsa vagere ImAratI lAkaDAMnAM jhADe ane mahuDAM, AMbA, rAyaNa jevAM phaLAu jhADe puSkaLa thAya che. pUrvanAM jaMgalomAM ane khAsa karIne paMcamahAla tarapha mahuDAMnAM jhADa vadhAre thAya che. tyAM mahuDAMnI pedAza eTalI badhI che ke tenI nikAza gujarAtanI bahAra paNa thAya che. tApI nadInI dakSiNamAM AvelA DAMganA jaMgalamAM sAganI pedAza eTalI che ke Azare

Page #104
pedAza ane udyoga [ 97 za. 10 lAkha karatAM vadhAre tenI vArSika kiMmata thAya che. ImAratI lAkaDAM uparAMta A jagaleAnI khIjI pedAza lAkha, guMdara, mINa vagere che. sukhaDanAM jhADa phakta mahIkAMThAnAM jaMgalAmAM, tADa revAkAMTAnAM jaMgaleAmAM ane AMbA rAyaNa jevAM phaLAu jhADe mahIkAMThA ane revAkAMThAnAM jaMgalAmAM ghaNAM jovAmAM Ave che. kAThIyAvADanA uttara DhALa tarapha AvelA jhAlAvADa ane hAlAranA keTalAka bhAgeAmAM, kacchanA retALa pradezamAM ane cheka uttaranA sapATa medAnamAM vanaspati bahu bevAmAM AvatI nathI. kAThIyAvADa ane mULa gujarAtamAM jyAM jyAM kAMpanI phaLadrupa jamIna AvelI che tyAM AMbA, rAyaNa, khajura, ananAsa ke phaNasa jevAM phaLAu jhADe! echAvattA pramANamAM jovAmAM Ave che. phaLAu jhADAnI pedArA AsapAsanA pradeza sivAya bahAra nikAsa thatI nathI. retALa ane DuMgarALa pradeza sivAya gujarAtamAM kAI evI jagyA nahIM hAya ke jyAM lImaDA, pIpaLeA, pIpara, vaDa, AmalI vagere sAmAnya kSe! jovAmAM nA Ave. vanaspatinI pedyArAne lagatA udyogA. jaMgaleAnI pedAzane lakhte keTalAka udyogA sthApI zakAya che. sAmAnya rIte jagalAmAM vasatA lokono mukhya dhaMdhA pedArA ekaDI karIne bahAra nikAza karavAnA hoya che, paNa pazcimanA dezamAM A pedAzane lagatA ghaNA udyogA cAle che. keneDAmAM ImAratI lAkaDA vaheravAnA ane kAgaLa banAvavAne meTA udyoga cAle che, kAraNa ke tyAM ghaNAM ghADAM jaMgalA AvelAM che. svIDana ane jApAnamAM dIvAsaLI banAvavAnA moTA udyoga cAle che, kAraNa ke divAsaLImAM vaparAtuM lAkaDuM tyAM puSkaLa jaththAmAM maLI Ave che. phrAMsamAM drAkSa puSkaLa thavAthI tyAM dArU banAvavAnA udyoga sArA cAle che. 1. E A. Smythies, India's Fores: Wealth, pp. 50-51.

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98 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna gujarAtanAM jaMgalomAM hAla khAsa karIne ImAratI lAkaDAM kApavAne ane mahuDAM, lAkha, guMdara vagere pedAza ekaThI karavAne udyoga cAle che. dharamapuranA rAjya A bAbatamAM ghaNuM pragati karavA mAMDI che ane rAjya taraphathI tyAM jaMgala ane khanIjanI pedAzane mATe eka prayogazALA cAle che. paNa tyAM mukhya kheTa relvenI che. je A jaMgalovALA pradezane relvethI joDavAmAM Ave te temanI ghaNuM khIlavaNa thaI zake tema che. pUrva sarahadanAM jaMgalamAM vAMsa puSkaLa uge che, eTale tyAM kAgaLa banAvavAne udyoga sthApI zakAya tema che. kelasAnI kheTa pUravA mATe jaLazaktine upayoga thavAnI jarUra che. divAsaLI banAvavAmAM vaparAtA sImula, kadaMba vagere sAga A jaMgalamAM ugatA haze, paNa haju tenI tapAsa thaI nathI. divAsaLI banAvavAne udyoga eka be apavAda sivAya koI ThekANe haju gujarAtamAM jovAmAM AvatA nathI, tema ja ghAsa ke vAMsamAMthI kAgaLa banAvavAne udhoga paNa zarU thayo nathI. TuMkAmAM gujarAtamAM udyoganI khIlavaNuM mATe zI zI kudaratI sagavaDa che te saMbaMdhI tapAsa thaI ja nathI. gujarAtanI phaLadrupa bhUmimAM vividha prakAranAM phaLa thAya che. phaLAu jhADe khAsa karIne carotaramAM, suratanA rasALa medAnamAM, vaDedarA rAjyanA carotara ane suratanI pAsenA pradezamAM ane kAkIyAvADamAM seraTha tathA gohIlavADanI rasALa bhUmimAM vadhAre thAya che. vaDodarA rAjyamAM phaLanAM vAvetara vadhAravAne ghaNuM uttejana ApavAmAM Ave che. rAjya taraphathI khetIvADI mATe traNa prayogakSetre calAvavAmAM Ave che ke jyAM khetI tathA phaLanA vAvetara saMbaMdhI jUdA jUdA prayoga thAya che. judAM judAM phaLa jevAM ke aMjIra, mosaMbI, kerI, dADama, papaiyAM vagerenAM vRkSo tyAM ropavAmAM Ave che ane kheDutane temAM rasa letA karIne phaLanAM jhADAnuM vAvetara vadhAravAmAM Ave che. A prayogIkSetre kheDutone phaLAu jhADanA cheDavA ke kalamo pUrAM pADe che:

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pidAza ane udyoga [ & AkhA gujarAtamAM A rIte je phaLanA udyogane uttejana ApavAmAM Ave te A prAMtamAM ja tenI sArI nikAsa thAya eTaluM ja nahIM paNa hindanA bIjA vibhAgamAM temanI ghaNI khapata thAya. phaLanA udyogane te uparAMta bIjI sagavaDanI khAsa jarUra che. phaLane bharavA mATe vAMsa vagerenI sArI TopalIo vaparAya ane relave taraphathI khAsa DambaonI (baraphathI zIta thayelA) sagavaDa maLe te gujarAtanAM phaLonI ghaNuM nikAza bahAra thaI zake tema che. prANunI pedAza. gujarAta khetIpradhAna vibhAga hevAthI Dheraucherane dhaMdhe, sAra cAle che. baLada khetInuM anivArya aMga gaNAya che, eTale baLada tathA gAya gujarAtamAM ghaNe ThekANe jovAmAM Ave che. gujarAtanAM DhAra ghaNe bhAge kAMkareja ke vaDhIyAranI jAtanAM che. pAlaNapura rAjyamAM ucharatAM Dhora kAMkarejanI jAtanAM kahevAya che. mALavAnA ucca pradezamAM ucharatAM Dhora mALavI, kAThIyAvADanA giramAM thatAM Dhera giranI jAtanAM ane DAMganA jaMgalamAM thatAM Dhora DAMgI kahevAya che. kAMkareja Thera raMge sAmAnya rIte sapheda ke rUperI, gira Dhera rAtAM ke kALAza rAtAM ane mALavI Dhera saMpUrNa sapheda hoya che. kAMkareja Dhera dekhAvamAM eTalAM samAntara, sarakhA avayavavALAM ane majabuta bAMdhAnAM che ke teo uttama prANaucheranA siddhAMtanA AdhAre ucherAyAM hoya ema 1. kheDA jIllAmAM phaLAu jhADe vadhAravAne mATe muMbaI sarakAre prayogo karelA ane tenA pariNAme hAla tyAM 4,300 mosaMbInAM jhADe, 550 cIkunA jhADe, 2550 AMbAnA nAnA choDavA, 6,0000 keLA, 5,500 jamarUkhanAM jhADe, 5,000 dADamanA jhADe ane 234 ekaranuM papaiyAnuM vAvetara che. ghaDA vakhatamAM A phaLe mAtra kheDA jIllAnI jarUrIyAta pUrI pADaze ane te uparAMta amadAvAda sudhI paNa tenI nikAza thavA saMbhava che. . "Agricultural Topics," "Times of India" dated 17-4-35.

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1 jAta karatA che. DAMgaranA rAta mALanI siddha thayela 80 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna prANuzAstrIonuM mAnavuM che 1 kAMkareja Dhera lAMbA vakhata sudhI apratibaddha rIte retALa bhUmi para kAma karI zake che ane kAryazaktimAM paNa zreSTha che. gujarAtanA baLada karatAM kAMkarejanA baLado sAmAnya rIte 5 varSa vadhAre kAma karI zake che. DAMgI baLado khAsa karIne DuMgarALa ane varasAdavALA pradezamAM ghaNA upayogI che. DAMgaranA vAvetara mATe AthI DAMgI baLado anya jAta karatAM vadhAre sAnukULa che, ema anubhavathI siddha thayeluM che. paMcamahAla ane ratalAma tarapha vaparAtA mALavI baLado DuMgarALa bhUmimAM khetIne mATe atika gaNAya che ane temanI uttama kAryazaktine lIdhe gujarAtamAM paNa temanI nikAza thAya che. kAThIyAvADamAM giranA baLado zreSTha gaNAya che, ane anya rAjyamAM khetI mATe temane sAre upayoga thAya che. gAya ane bheMsa jevAM dUdhALAM Dhera jeke khetImAM khAtara pUruM pADavA sivAya anya rIte upayogI thatAM nathI, paraMtu dUdha ane ghInI pedAza mATe temane ghaNo uchera thAya che. sAmAnya rIte dareka kheDuta dUdhALAM Dhera rAkhe che, paNa jaththAbaMdha Dheraucherane baMdha bharavADe kare che. jyAM jyAM ghAsanAM bIDo AvelAM che tyAM tyAM bharavADa ke AhIre temanA nesaDA bAMdhe che. kAThIyAvADamAM gira, vAlAgira ane baraDAmAM gAya, bheMsa vagere dUdhALAM Dhera sArA pramANamAM uchare che. gujarAtanI gAya ke bheMsa karatAM giranI gAya ke bheMsa pramANamAM ghaNuM vadhAre dUdha (roja 30 thI 40 zera) Ape che, paraMtu temane bIje laI javAmAM Ave te dUdhanuM pramANa ochuM thatuM jAya che. gujarAtamAM khAsa karIne carotaramAM dUdhALAM Dherane sArA uchera thAya che eTale ghI, dUdha ane mAkhaNanI tyAM sArI pedAza che. gheTAM ane bakarAM paNa tamAma jagyAe ane khAsa karIne ghAsanAM bIDamAM ucherAya che, paraMtu temanI mukhya upayogitA UnanI pedAzamAM che. bharavADe gheTAMbakarAMnA uchera tarapha barAbara dhyAna ApatA nathI, 2. F. Joslen, Catble of the Bombay Presidency, p. 12.

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pidAza ane udyoga [ 81 eTaluM ja nahIM paNa unanI jAta sudhAravA haju kaMI prayAsa thayo nathI. osTrelIAnAM gheTAM karatAM gujarAtanAM gheTAM zarIranA bAMdhAmAM ane UnanI pedAzamAM ghaNAM ja utaratAM che. sAmAnya rIte gujarAtamAM haju uttama rIte Dhora ucheravAnI agatya samajAI nathI. tAjetaramAM dharamapura rAjyamAM Therauchera mATe eka prayogIkSetra khelavAmAM AvyuM che. tyAM DAMgI ane mALavI Thera upara prayogo karavAmAM Ave che ane sthAnika AbohavAne anukULa thAya tevAM, majabuta ane kAryazaktimAM uttama evAM, Dhere ucheravAnA prayAsa cAlu che. te uparAMta vAraMvAra herenAM pradarzana bharIne kheDutone uttama jAtanAM DheraucheranI agatya samajAvavAmAM Ave che. Dherane sArI rIte ucheravA mATe kheDutone inAma ApavAnI yojanA paNa ghaDavAmAM AvI che. jUnAgaDha rAjyamAM paNa eka prayogIkSetra che. AvI jAtanA DhoraucheranA prayAso AkhA gujarAtamAM thavAnI jarUra che. AkhA hindustAnamAM phakta gIranA ghIthIca jaMgalamAM siMha jevAmAM Ave che. A siMha raMge UMTa jevA hovAthI "UMTIyA siMha' kahevAya che. AkrIkAnA siMha karatAM giranA siMhanI kezavALI TuMkI ane raMga jhAMkho hoya che. zikArane laIne tyAM siMhanuM pramANu hAle e zuM che ane rAjya taraphathI te mATe avazeSa siMhonuM kALajIpUrvaka rakSaNa karavAmAM Ave che. kAThIyAvADa ane kacchamAM ghoDA sArA uchare che, kAraNa ke tyAM anukULa AbohavA ane ghAsanI puSkaLa chata che. khAsa karIne karachanA ghaDA arabI ghoDAnI mAphaka ghaNuM vakhaNAya che.' A ghaDA majabuta bAMdhAnA, capaLa ne dekhAvamAM suMdara hoya che. 1. eka daMtakathA mujaba ghaNA vakhata pahelAM eka arabI vahANa kacchane kinAre bhAMgelI sthitimAM AveluM. tenI aMdara sAta suMdara arabI ghioDA hatA ane temAMthI kacchI ghoDAne uchera thayela:- Supplement to " Times of India " Sep. 16, 1933 dated (Cutch State) p. 66.

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82 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna rAjya taraphathI gheDAne uttama rIte ucheravAmAM Ave che. jUnAgaDhanA rAjyamAM paNa kAThI ghoDAnA uchera tarapha sAruM dhyAna ApavAmAM Ave che. arvAcIna zAstra ane vAhanonI jyAre zodha thaI na hatI tyAre A kacchI ane kAThI ghoDA laDAImAM ghaNA upagI hevAthI anya prAMtamAM temanI sArI nikAza thatI. uparyukta prANI sivAya ghaca jaMgalomAM vasanArA vAgha, cittA vagere hiMsaka prANIo AvelA che ane grAmya paMkhI tathA pazuo te ghaNu jagyAe jovAmAM Ave che. paraMtu teo audyogika dRSTie eTalAM upayogI nathI. prANInI pedAzane lagatA udyoga pazcimanA khetIpradhAna dezamAM prANIonI pedAzane uttamamAM uttama gaNavAmAM Ave che. mAMsAhArI lokonI jarUrIyAtane bAda karIe to paNa zreSTha gheTAMonAM UnanI ane dUdhALAM DhoranAM mAkhaNanI tyAM dhaNuM khapata che. 17 hajAra corasa mAIla vistAravALA ane 33 lAkhanI vastIvALA DenamArkamAM hAla 40 lAkha gAya, 38 lAkha Dukkara ane 2 karoDa muraghI che. AthI DenamArka e "yuropanI DerI kahevAya che te yathArtha che. gujarAta DenamArka karatAM vistAra ane vastImAM traNa gaNAthI vadhAre mATe che, chatAM gAyonI saMkhyA pramANamAM ghaNuM eAchI che. gujarAtanI rasALa bhUmimAM dUdhALAM Dhora ghaNAM che ane cotara tathA giranI bheMse pramANamAM sAruM dUdha Ape che, chatAM haju mAkhaNa banAvavAne udyoga moTA pAyA para khIlele nathI. mukhyatve karIne ghInI khapata vadhAre hovAthI gAmaDegAmaDe dUdhane ghaNekharo upayoga ghI banAvavAmAM thAya che. moTAM zaheramAM mAkhaNanI jarUrIyAta divase divase vadhatI jAya che, eTale gujarAtamAM mAkhaNa banAvavAne udyoga khIlavavAnI khAsa jarUra che. carotaramAM keTaleka ThekANe mAkhaNa banAvavAnI DerIo sthApavAmAM AvI che ane teoe

Page #110
pedAza ane udyoga [ 83 sArI pragati karI che. kAThIyAvADamAM khAsa karIne jApharAbAda ane gira AgaLa mAkhaNu khanAvavAnA udyoga sthApI zakAya tema che. gujarAta ane kAThIyAvADamAM dhAsacAro puSkaLa che, paNa dharamapura rAjyanI mArkaka anya jagyAe DhAranI elAda sudhAravAnA prayAsa thAya tA temanAM dUdhanI pedAza ghaNI vadhe tema che. te sAthe mAkhaNu anAvavAnA udyogane paNa apratima uttejana maLavA saMbhava che. pazcimanA dezAmAM mAMsathI khIje naMbare cAmaDAMnI pedAza gaNAya che ane tenA udyoga paNa tyAM ghaNA khIlelA che. hindustAnamAM khAsa karIne moTAM zaherA AgaLa ke jyAM katlakhAnAM AvelAM che tyAM cAmaDAM pakavavAnA udyoga cAle che. te sivAya khIjI jagyAe DhAra jema mare tema cAmaDAM pakavavAnA dhaMdhA camAra lAkA kare che. gujarAtamAM paNa cAmaDAM banAvavAnAM kArakhAnAM haju sthapAyAM nathI. mATe bhAge cAmaDAM kAcI sthitimAM bahAra nikAza thAya che. A udyogane khIlavavAne mATe kAThIyAvADamAM gira ane kharaDAnA jaMgalavALA pradezamAM ke jyAM DhArA jaththAbaMdha ucherAya che tyAM anukULatA che, paNa te sabaMdhI vyavasthita tapAsa karavAmAM AvI nathI. prANIonI ane mukhyatve karIne dheTAM ke bakarAMnAM UnanI pedAza upara garama kApaDa banAvavAnA udyoganA AdhAra rahe che. gujarAtamAM UnanI pedAza che, paNa tenA mATeA bhAga bahAra nikAza thAya che. je Una che tenI jAta ghaNI utaratI che ane vadhArAmAM bharavADe! Unane mATe joie teTalI kALajI rAkhatA nathI. sutarAu kApaDa banAvavAnI jema hajI garama kApaDa banAvavAnA udyoga meATA pAyA para sthapAyA nathI. kAThIyAvADamAM ane vaDAdarA rAjyamAM tAjetaramAM garama kApaDa banAvavAnAM kArakhAnAM zarU thayAM che. dheTAM ane khakarAMnI elAda sudhAravAmAM Ave teA dara dheTA ke bakarA dITha vadhAre Una utare tema che. AthI khyAla Avaze ke prANInI pedAzane

Page #111
84 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna lagatA udyogomAM mukhya khAmIo prANuucheranI avagaNanA ane audyogika khIlavaNI pratye rAjyanI udAsInatA che. kaLAzayanA udyoga pedAzane lagatA udyogo sivAya gujarAtamAM keTaleka ThekANe kaLA kauzalyanA udyogo AvelA che. A udyogo meTA pAyA para cAlatA nathI. mAtra kArIgare kevaLa pitAnA gharamAM rahIne kaLAkauzalyanI banAvaTo banAve che ane moTAM zaheramAM vecavA mokale che. rezamI kApaDa ane bharatakAmanA udyogane mATe gujarAta ghaNuM vakhatathI prakhyAta che. khAsa karIne surata, jAmanagara ane bhujamAM A udyoga haju cAle che, paraMtu pahelAnA jevI jAhojalAlI rahI nathI. paradezamAM gujarAtanuM rezamI kApaDa cAhI cAhIne maMgAtuM; paNa e divasa have gayA che ane A dezI kApaDane upayoga ocho thaI gayo che. yuropa ane jApAnanA sastA paNa ochA TakAu rezamI bhAle dezI udyogane ghaNuM hAni karI che. surata, bhUja, jAmanagara ane khaMbhAtamAM A udyoga kendrita thayelo che, tenuM kAraNa e che ke ghaNA lAMbA vakhatathI kuzaLa kArIgare e dhaMdhAmAM rokAyelA che. tyAM AgaLa rezama pAkatuM nathI, tema ja kaMI kudaratI anukULatA paNa nathI. hAlanA yAMtrika ane harIphAInA yugamAM rAjyanI saMgIna madada vinA rezamane udyoga khIlI nIkaLe tema nathI. 1. suratamAM kInakhAba, bharatakAma vagerenI 5,500 zALe che ane dararoja Azare rUA. 15,000 no mAla taiyAra thAya che. hAthavaNATanA udyoga viSe zrIyuta telaMga lakhe che ke "vaNakaronI Arthika dazA ghaNI kharAba che. teo sutara, rezama ke kApaDanA vepArIonA ghaNuM devAdAra banelA che. A vepArIo temane rezama vagere udhAra Ape che ane devA peTe taiyAra mAla le che. AthI abhaNa kArIgarone peTa pUratuM vetana maLe che-Report on the Handloom Weaving Industry in Bombay Presidency by S. V. Telang-vide Census. of Bombay Presidency ( Report) pp. 264 -265.

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pedAza ane udyAga [ 85 rezamI kApaDamAM khAsa karIne pATaNanAM paTeALAM dhaNAM prakhyAta che. tenI khapata phakta gujarAtamAM ja nahIM, paNa khIjA prAMtAmAM che. tAjetaramAM agrejo paNa cAdara, paDadA vagere upayegane mATe A kApaDa kharIdavA lAgyA che. 15TALAMnI banAvaTamAM khukhI e che ke pula, prANI ke kAI paNa bhAta vaNATamAM vaNAya che. sutarane jUdA jUdA raMgothI ragavAmAM Ave che ane vaNakara zALa para khetI bhAta pramANe tene vaNe che. paTALAMnI mukhya bhAtA nArI jara, ratanacoka, pAnabhAta, hAthIbhAta, cArasabhAta vagere che. chApelAM sastAM paTeALAnI harIphAithI A mAMdhAM paTeALAMnI pahelAnA jevI khapata ane vaparAza have rahI nathI. gujarAtanA A jANItA udyoganuM punarUtthAna karavAnI khAsa AvazyaktA che, nIM te anya hAthavaNATanA udyoganA jevI tenI paNa sthiti thaze. . vaDAdarA rAjyanA saMkheDA gAmamAM gRhazaNagAranI cIjo para suMdara raMgATakAma thAya che. cIjo para jUdI jUdI jAtanA senerI ane rUperI raMgAnI bhAtA eTalI ramaNIya hAya che ke teo gharanI zezabhAmAM vRddhi kare che. visanagaramAM lAkaDAMnI cIjo para suMdara tarakAma thAya che. UMTa, siMhu vagere prANIo paNa lAkaDAMmAMthI kAtaravAmAM Ave che. lakkaDakAma para vaLI pittaLa ke rUpAnI patarI jaDavAmAM Ave che ke jethI AkhA namunA te ja dhAtunA banelA hAya tema lAge che. mahuvAmAM lAkaDAM ane hAthIdAMtanAM suMdara ramakaDAM ane che. bhUja seAnArUpAnA dhATapara nakazIkAmane mATe prakhyAta che. mahIkAMThAmAM AvelA pethApura gAmamAM zetaraMjI ane sADIe raMgavAne udyoga sArI rIte cAle che. nakazIvALAM tAMbApittaLanAM vAsaNe anAvavAnA udyAga amadAvAda, vIsanagara ane mArakhImAM sArA khIlelA che. 1. "Arts and Crafts in Baroda State "-Swadeshi Special Times of India dated 20-10-34. p. 13.

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86 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna ugamAM rokAyelI vastI gujarAtanI mukhya pedAza khetI ane vanaspatinI che. eTale vastIne moTo bhAga te pedAza utpanna karavAmAM rokAyelo che. anya vibhAgonI jema gujarAta paNa khetIpradhAna devAthI udyogo bahu pramANamAM khIlelA nathI ane pariNAme udyogamAM rokAyelI vastI tadana ochI che. gujarAtanA jUdA jUdA jIllA ane ejansIomAM I. sa. 1931 nI gaNatrI pramANe udyogamAM rokAyelI vastInuM pramANa keTaluM che, te nIcene koThe darzAve che. keDe naM. 1 mukhya, Azrita ne peTA kamANI | tarIke udyogamAM rokAyelI vastI jIlo ke ejansI. che hajAramAM. - - - kula vastInA I 123 ?' 50 38 amadAvAda jIllo khaMbhAtanuM dezI rAjya surata jIllo mahIkAMThA ejansI bharUca jIllo kheDA jIllo pazcima hindanI ejansI vaDedarAnuM dezI rAjya paMcamahAla jIllo surata ejansI revAkAMThA ejansI 42 ja 0 0 - * * >> che | : 2 100 - 674 1. Census of India (Baroda ) Part I p. 239; (Bombay Presidency ) p. 186 and (Western India States Agency ) p. 73.

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pedAza ane udyoga [ 87 A AMkaDA parathI samajAze ke gujarAtanI ekaMdara vastInA mAtra 6 TakA jUdA jUdA udyogomAM rokAyelA che. IglAMDa, jarmanI vagere udyogapradhAna dezanI sarakhAmaNImAM A pramANu najIvuM che. amadAvAda jIllo audyogika vikAsamAM sauthI prathama Ave che, kAraNa ke amadAvAda zaherane mIlaudyoga tathA AsapAsanAM janapresa vagere kArakhAnAM ghaNAM mANasone rojI Ape che. khaMbhAtanA rAjyamAM bahu udyogo khIlelA nathI, paNa tenI vastI pramANamAM ochI hovAthI udyogamAM rokAyelI vastInA TakA vadhAre thAya che. surata jIllAmAM mIlaudyoga uparAMta hAthavaNATane udyoga sAro cAlatA hovAthI ghaNAM kArIgara temAMthI rojI meLave che. mahIkAThA ejansImAM jeke yAMtrika udyogo bahu khIlelA nathI, paNa ImAratI lAkaDAM, Arasa, patthara, akIka, abarakha vagerene lagatA udyoga uparAMta bIjA hunnaraudyogo ochAvattA pramANamAM AvelA che. bharUca ane surata jIllAnAM tathA kAThIyAvADanAM moTAM zaheramAM khAsa karIne rUne udyoga ane anya audyogika kArakhAnAM jovAmAM Ave che. vaDodarA rAjyamAM rAjya taraphathI sAruM uttejana maLavAthI keTalAka udyoge tyAM sArI rIte khIlelA che paMcamahAla ane revAkAMThAnA DuMgarALa ane jhADIvALA pradezomAM anya jIllAo jeTale uaoge haju sthApavAmAM AvyA nathI. gujarAtamAM A rIte audyogika vikAsano sUryodaya thayuM che, paNa hayAta udyogone vadhAre saMgIna rIte khIlavavAnA ke navA udyogo sthApavAnA prayAso thatA nathI. jo ke kudaratI lAbhe pUratA pramANamAM che, paNa rAjya ane lokenI udAsInatAne laine te tarapha pUratuM lakSya apAyuM ja nathI.

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88 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna prakaraNa 4 thuM vastI ane jAtio vastI gujarAtamAM kula vastI navA vastIpatraka (1931) pramANe Azare 114 lAkha che. AmAMthI phakta 32 lAkhanI vastI khAlasA mulakamAM che, ane bAkInI 82 lAkhanI vastI dezI rAjyamAM che. eTale kula vastInA lagabhaga 70 TakA nAnA ane moTA dezI rAjAonA amala nIce che. sane 1931 nA vastIpatraka pramANe gujarAtanA vistAra, vastI, gAma ane zahera nIce koThAmAM darzAvelAM che. kAThe naM. 2 jIllo ke ejansI . saMkhyA ji sa khyA ce.mA. vastI lAkhamAM dara co.mA. K | vastI 1 h y 1,600 h 24:4 m m bm by kheDA jIllA 570 458 surata 780 5 1,6pa1 ! 69 420 vaDodarA dezI rAjya 2,920 8,164 300 paMcamahAla jIllo J1,608 4-5 283 amadAvAda che ||3,846 100 260 khaMbhAta dezI rAjya 102 | 350 251 bharUca jIllo 403 1,468 33 228 revAkAMThA ejansI 2,985 | |4,968 [89 178 mahIkAMThA , 1,859 | 7.3,124 52] 166 pazcima hindanA dezI rAjyanI/ ejansI 6,496 T66 35,442 4000 surata ejansI 669 | 3 | 1,957 232 18,301/172 6i4,198 1137] 177 1. Census of India (1981), Vol XIX (Baroda) Part I, pp. 6 & 66; Census of India (1931), Vol VIII, Part II (Bombay Presidency ), p. 4.

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gujarAtamAM vastInuM pramANa darzAvate nakaze. 24 : tAnA / //":/ akhA te che. - hA, cA, vADI khaMbhAta no ved 2jha 2. * ::: N -ghara bhIrama mApase pallIna samASTa. _3- zrI 14 nI saMkhyA 66 - 101 - 125 kanyA = = 16thI nI 32 TET 251 pI 15nI maMsA ' ne 351 pa 41ii saMkhyA [2] 1 nI 550nI 20 IST [ pR. 88 sAme

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Page #118
vastI ane jAtio [ 89, A koThA uparathI khyAla Avaze ke AkhA gujarAtamAM vastInuM pramANa ekasarakhuM nathI. pAsenA nakazA parathI paNa samajAze ke gujarAtanA kayA kayA bhAgamAM vastI ghADI che ane kaI jagyAe vastInuM pramANa atizaya ochuM che. vastInA pramANamAM pheraphAra karanArA ghaNAM kAraNe che, paNa khetIpradhAna deza ke vibhAgamAM mukhyatve karIne bhUpRSTharacanA agatyane bhAga bhajave che. sAmAnya rIte sapATa phaLadrupa medAnamAM khetI puSkaLa thaI zake che, eTale vastI tyAM ghADAmAM ghADI heya che. DuMgarALa bhUmimAM khetI mATe pratikULatA hovAthI, vastInuM pramANa ghaNuM ochuM hoya che. AkhA gujarAtamAM ghADAmAM ghADI vastI phakata kheDA chellA ke carotaramAM che; kAraNa ke tyAM sapATa jamIna che eTaluM ja nahIM paNa nadIonA kAMpathI bhUmi ghaNuM phaLadrupa banelI che. surata jIllAmAM ane vaDodarA rAjyamAM pramANamAM vastI ghADI che; kAraNa ke tyAMnI sapATa phaLadrupa jamInamAM khetIne pAka sAre utare che. paMcamahAla jIle DuMgarALa hovAthI tyAM khetI sArI thaI zakatI nathI, ane vastInuM pramANa paNa AthI tyAM ghaNuM ochuM che. amadAvAda jIllo jeke sapATa medAna che, chatAM cAretara karatAM tyAM vastI ghaNuM ochI che; kAraNa ke tyAM jamIna eTalI phaLadrupa nathI, je nadIo vahe che temAM bAremAsa pANI rahetuM nathI ane varasAdanuM pramANa ochuM che. darIyA najIkanI khArAzavALI jamIna sivAya bharUca jIllAmAM nadIonA kAMpathI banelI rasALa bhUmimAM varatI surata chalA jeTalI ghADI che. khaMbhAtanA rAjyamAM paNa samudra pAsenI khArI jamInamAM vastI ochI che. revAkAMThA ane mahIkAMThA ejansIenI DuMgarALa bhUmimAM vastI ghaNI ochI che; kAraNa ke tyAM jaMgala ke khanIjanI pedAza ekaThI karavA sivAya anya udyoga cAlato nathI. pAlaNapuranA retALa medAnamAM ane DuMgarALa kAThIyAvADamAM e ja kAraNone laIne vastInuM pramANa ghaNuM ochuM che. sauthI ochI

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90 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna vastI kacchanA raNapradezamAM che ke jyAM jamIna retALa che ane varasAda taddana ochuM paDe che, eTale khetInA udyoga mATe jevI joIe tevI anukULatA nathI. bhUpRSTharacanA ke AbehavA sivAya anya kAraNo paNa vastInA pramANamAM pheraphAra kare che. jyAM jyAM arvAcIna udyoge moTA pAyA para cAle che tyAM tyAM vastI ghaNuM ghADI mAlama paDe che. gujarAta haju mukhyatve karIne khetIpradhAna che. phakta moTAM zaheromAM arvAcIna udyogo sthApavAmAM AvyA che ane anya sthaLoe khetI e ja mukhya. udyoga cAle che. AkhA gujarAtamAM moTAmAM moTuM audyogika sthaLa amadAvAda che ke jeno mIlaudyoga divasedivase vadhato jAya che, eTale vastInuM pramANa paNa tyAM vadhatuM jAya che. e ja sthiti bIjA zaheramAM ghaNe bhAge jovAmAM Ave che.' AkhA gujarAtanuM ekaMdara vastInuM pramANa ghaNuM ochuM che, kAraNa ke ghADI vastIvALA rasALa pradeza uparAMta thoDI vastIvALA DuMgarALa ane retALa pradeza tyAM ghaNAM AvelA che. kheDANalAyaka jamIna para je vastInuM pramANa gaNavAmAM Ave to te lagabhaga dara corasa mAile 400 jeTaluM thAya. muMbaI IlAkAmAM sauthI vadhAre vastInuM pramANa kaNa vibhAgamAM che, ke jyAM atizaya varasAdane laIne nALIyerI vagere jhADo puSkaLa uge che ane lokone rAkanAM sAdhano nikAzamAMthI pUratAM maLe che. bIje naMbare gujarAta Ave che ke jyAM kheDANavALI rasALa jamInamAM utpanna thatA khetInA pAkathI ghaNA lokone nirvAha thaI zake che. gujarAtamAM jema jema naherenI ke anya yojanAthI khetIne udyoga khIlate jaze ane udyoga maTA pAyA para sthApavAmAM Avaze tema tema varatInuM pramANa vadhatuM jaze. 1. amadAvAdamAM dara cerasa mAIla vastInuM pramANa Azare 24 hajAra eTale muMbaithI (48 hajAra) adhuM che. suratamAM paNa Azare 33 Home -Census of India (1931) Vol. VIII Part I. (Bombay Presidency) p. 59.

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[ 1. vastI ane jAti sAmAnya khAsIyatA. mULa gujarAtanA kudaratI vibhAga e thaI zake cheH eka Ayu. pa tathI mahI nadI sudhInA uttara gujarAta pradeza ane khIjo mahI ane damaNu nadIe vaccenA dakSiNa gujarAta pradeza. uttara gujarAtanI prAkRtika racanA dakSiNa gujarAtanA karatAM dhaNI jUdI che ane AthI lokeAnI khAsIyatAmAM paNa pheraphAra mAlama paDe che. karakasarIyA vaNika zrImA, mahenatu ane huzayAra kaNI kheDuta, zUravIra rajapUtA ane darabAro, tAlukadAra ke baLavAkheAra tarIke jANItA dhArALA mahI nadInI uttaramAM eTale uttara gujarAtamAM ghaNA pramANamAM jovAmAM Ave che. dakSiNa gujarAtamAM anAya jAtA ghaNI jovAmAM Ave che ane te uparAMta anAvIla brAhmaNa kheDute, zrAvaka vyApArI ke jhaverIe ane kAbela kArIgaro paNa tyAM AvelA che. sArA zarIramAMdhA, saMpatti, vyApArI buddhi ane karakasara vagere khAsIyate| uttara gujarAtanA leAkeAmAM vadhAre mAlama paDe che; ane dakSiNa gujarAtanA leAkeA sAmAnya rIte tIvra buddhivALA, mAja zokhane cAhanArA ane zAntipriya che. dvIpakalpa gujarAtamAM AthI ulaTuM jovAmAM Ave che. uMcA, dAvara ane zUravIra rajapUtA ane kAThI leAkeA, majabuta khAMdhAnA AhIra, ane sAhasika bhATIyA vyApArIe kAThIyAvADamAM mAlama paDe che. sAgarakAMThA upara vasatI keTalIka vAdhera, sadhAra, kALI vagere jAtA ke je briTiza yuganA pahelA khAravA tarIke prasiddha hatI, teo paNa kaccha ane kAThIyAvADamAM jovAmAM Ave che. vyApArI buddhi. sauthI zreSTha khAsIyata ke je sAmAnya rIte mULa ke dvIpakalpa gujarAtanA lokomAM mAlama paDe che ane jenAthI Aje gujarAtI

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dara ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna hindustAnanA keI paNa bhAgamAM ane dunIyAnA vyApArI pradezamAM nAmAMkti che te tenI vyApArI buddhi che. gujarAtane sAgarakAMThAne lAbha che te hindanA bIjA prAMtane nathI. AthI ghaNA lAMbA samayathI gujarAta vyApAramAM AgaLa paDate bhAga le che. musAphare, yAtrALuo, elacI, ke vyApArIo je je loke gujarAtamAM AvelA temaNe gujarAtanI samRddhi ane gujarAtInI vyApArI buddhinAM mukta kaThe vakhANa karelAM che. huena zaMga nAmane cInane musAphara gujarAta viSe lakhe che ke "A prAMtamAM saMpatti puSkaLa hatI eTaluM ja nahIM paNa saMpattimAM vRddhi karanArI lekanI suprasiddha vyApArI buddhi hatI." vIMTana nAmane bIjo musAphara pitAnI suratanI sapharanA varNanamAM (I. sa. 1689) lakhe che ke "suratanA vANIyA atiziya samRddhivAna hatA ane hisAbI kAmamAM eTalA kAbela hatA ke koI paNa hisAba gaNitazAstrInA karatAM vadhAre jhaDapathI ane ghaNuM sahelAIthI karI zakatA. je Aje paNa gujarAtI vyApArIonI sanAtanI sAhasika buddhi ane apUrva vyApArI pragati jhaLakI uThelI che. sAgaradhArA keLavela AMtararASTrIya samAgama gujarAtIonI vyavahAra buddhi tema ja temanA pragatiprema ane sAhasika vRttine AbhArI che. sapATa pradezamAM vasatI jAtio. gujarAtamAM sapATa rasALa medAne ghaNAM ochAM che. pUrva sarahada DuMgarAthI bharapUra che. uttara tarapha sapATa retALa pradeza che. kacchamAM kheDANavALI jamInanuM pramANa ochuM che. tema ja kAThIyAvADane ghaNakharo bhAga DuMgarALa che. AthI sapATa phaLa65 medAne ke jyAM sAmAnya rIte loke pragatizIla bane che te gujarAtamAM thoDA pramANamAM AvelA 1. A. S. Altekar, Ancient Towns and Cities in Gujarat, p. 52. 2. J. Ovington, Voyage to Surat in 1689, p. 166.

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sapATa pradezamAM vasati jAtio [ 3 che. medAnavAsI loko vyavahAranI anukULatAne laIne sudharelI prajAnA saMsargamAM ghaNuM sahelAIthI Ave che, eTale parvatavAsI ke raNavAsI. loko karatAM medAnanA rahevAsIo udyoga ane vyApAramAM ghaNuM pragati karI zake che, | gujarAtamAM dareka prakAranI prAkRtika paristhiti hevAnI, ethI medAnavALA, retALa, DuMgarALa ke darIyA kinArAvALA pradezamAM rahenArA loke maLI Ave che. pUrva sarahadanA DuMgarALa pradezamAM rahetA koLI, dhArALA ane bhIlanI jAta, kAThIyAvADanA DuMgarALa mulakamAM vasatA kAThInI ane gIra vagere jaMgalamAM bhamatI AhIranI jAta, kaccha ane kAThIyAvADanA darIyAkinArA para rahetA vAghera saMdhAra vagere khAravAnI vAta ane gujarAtanI sapATa rasALa bhUmimAM rahetA brAhmaNa, vANIyA, rajapUta, kheDuta vagere anya varNo para sthAnika prAkRtika racanA ochAvattA pramANamAM asara kare che. prAcIna samayamAM mULa cAra varNo hatI, paNa arvAcIna samayamAM brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya ane zudra-e jAte sau saunA dhaMdhA ke udyogane anusAra oLakhAya che. eTale hAlanA nekarIyAta varga, vyApArI varga, kheDutavarga, majUravarga vageremAM dareka varNanA loko jovAmAM Ave che. brAhmaNe. gujarAtanI vastIno moTo bhAga ucca varNane che ane temAM brAhmaNonuM pramANa ghaNuM che. A varNa gujarAtanA dareka bhAgamAM jovAmAM Ave che. jo ke A jAta buddhizALI, mahenatu ane zAtipriya che, paNa temanI Arthika sthiti anya ucca varNanI sarakhAmaNImAM ghaNuM kharAba che. nAgara brAhmaNa sivAya anya brAhmaNe ekaMdare keLavaNI ke anya pravRttimAM taddana pachAta che. A varNane AjIvikAnuM

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24 ] gujarAtanu prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgALavijJAna anya kSetra na heAvAthI teo mukhyatve karIne sarakArI nAkarImAM ke keLavaNI kSetramAM joDAya che. keTalAka vakIlAta ne anya dhaMdhAmAM pazu .oDAya che. vANIyA. vANIyAnI peDhI hAya che. kahevata saphara '' kamANImAM dhaNA kAbela hoya gujarAtanI vyApArI kAma vANIyAnI che. A va suzIla, zAntipriya, karakasarI ane kSamAzIla che. vaNikA samRddhisaMpanna hovAthI samAjanA saMbhAvita staMbhA tarIke oLakhAya che. temane mukhya dhaMdhA vyApAra, vyAjavaTAva ke dhIradhAra che. temanI dhIradhAra mAtra zaherAmAM nahIM paNa gAmaDAMomAM paNa cAle che. kAi paNa gAma evuM nahIM hAya ke jyAM gAMdhInI dukAna ane nahIM hoya. temanAmAM karakasarane guNu dhaNA pramANe " vANIyAnI kasarate vaheArAnI kharAkhara hAya che. hisAkhI kAmamAM paNa te che. pahelAMnA yuropIyana musApharoe A varSoMnI dhaNI prazasti karI che. i. sa. 1638 mAM menDelsA nAmanA musAphara lakhe che ke vANIyAe tIvra buddhinA, saraLa svabhAvanA ane vyApAramAM mazagula rahenArA hatA. 1 i. sa. 1651 mAM TrAvenIara nAmane khIjo musAphara lakhe che ke " vANIyAe eTalA badhA tIkSNa buddhinA hatA ke yAhudI leAkAne paNa temanI pAsethI zIkhavAnuM maLe."ra gujarAtanA vyApAramAM je kaiM Adhunika pragati thai che ane anya Arthika kSetramAM je kaI prAraMbha thayA che te sa` A vadhunI vANijyabuddhi ane saMcita muDIne AbhArI che. "C 1. Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency-Gujarat Population p. 77. 2. Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency-Gujarat Population p. 77.

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sapATa pradezamAM vasatI tio [ 95 2japUto. gujarAtanI eka vakhatanI laDAyaka ane zuravIra rajapUta jAta Aje ALasu, ezaArAmI, ane svachaMda banelI che. madhyakAlIna yuganA rajapUte bahAdura gheDesvAra, yuddhakaLAnipuNa ane svadezAbhimAnI hatA. paraMtu zAti ane vyavasthAnA lAMbA vakhatane laIne temanI umadA khAsIyato nAza pAmI che. rajapUte atyAre paNa pitAnI taravAra sAthe rAkhe che, paNa gussAmAM koI divasa bahAra kADhatA nathI. A jAta rItabhAtamAM namra, svabhAve ugra ane svAmIbhaktivALI hoya che. rajapUta ghaNuM karIne sainika ane jamInadAra hoya che, paNa temanI sainika tarIkenI jarUra have ochI thatI jAya che. eTale thoDAka jamInadAra rajapUto sivAya bAkInA kaMI pravRtti karatAM ja nathI. rajapUta bhAyA ke ThAkore mojazekhanAM sAdhano pAchaLa pitAne vakhata vyatIta kare che. keTaleka ThekANe teo khetIne dhadha kare che; paNa ALaza ane udAsInatAthI teo anya kheDutavarga sAthe harIphAImAM phAvI zakatA nathI. gujarAtanI A medAnavAsI rajapUta jAtane parvatavAsI gurakhAnI mAphaka je laDAyaka tAlIma ApavAmAM Ave te teo bahAdura sainika thaI zake temAM kaMI saMzaya nathI. kheDato. gujarAtanI vastIne moTe bhAge kheDutone che. gAmaDAmAM vasatA dareka varNanA lake sAmAnya rIte khetImAM rasa le che. bhAThAMmAM vasatA "bhAThelA' nAmathI saMbodhAtA, dakSiNa gujarAtanA anAvIla brAhmaNe haju paNa khetImAM kAbela ane mahenatu manAya che. uttara gujarAtamAM vasatA keTalAka sAThodarA ane vIsanagarA nAgaro paNa yajamAnavRtti uparAMta khetI kare che, paraMtu teo bhAThelA jeTalA huzIyAra nathI. vANIyA ane mAravADI zAhukAro ke jeo kheDutavargamAM dhIradhAra kare che, teo pitAnI jamIna hovA chatAM khetImAM ocho rasa

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99 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna le che. rajapUto paNa keTaleka ThekANe khetI kare che, paraMtu teo pitAnI ALasa ane bedarakArIne lIdhe temAM joIe tevI nipuNatA dAkhavI zakatA nathI. bharUca ane surata jIllAmAM vasatA sunnI vahorAo bhAThelAnI mAphaka khetImAM huzIyAra che. te uparAMta bharUca jIllAnA taLAvaDA kaLIo ane surata jIllAnA dubaLA vagere anArya jAtee khetInA dhaMdhAmAM sArI pragati karI che. kheDA jIllAnA cAretara pradezamAM vasatA kaNabI khetImAM apratima sthAna bhogave che. anukULa havA ane atyaMta phaLadrupatA je bhUmimAM che ane avirata khaMta ane atizaya parizrama jevI khasIyate je kheDutomAM che tyAM uttama prakAranI khetI thAya te yathArtha che. kaNabI ane kheDute viSe gejheTIyarane kattA lakhe che ke "khetImAMthI mUDIdAra thayelA A kaNabIo dareka prakAranI jamInanA guNadoSa sArI rIte pArakhI zake che ane dareka pAka ke jamInanI jarUrIAte sahelAIthI samajI zake che"1 darIyA kinArA AgaLa vasatI jAtio. hindustAnanA anya vibhAge karatAM gujarAtane sAgarakAMThAne, lAbha vadhAre che, ane tethI ja gujarAta prAcIna samayamAM vyApAra ane vahANavaTAmAM ghaNo AgaLa vadhela prAMta hato. jo ke hAla vyApAramAM gujarAtIo potAnuM sthAna jALavI rahyA che, paNa arvAcIna AgaboTanI harIphAImAM prAMtanuM vahANavaTuM nAza pAmyuM che. te sAthe khAravAonI umadA khAsIyata paNa adazya thatI jAya che. | gujarAtanA sAgarakinAra AgaLa mAchI, khAravA, bhAI, bhAdelA, vAghera, saMdhAra, mIyANA, DhImAra vagere jAte jovAmAM Ave che. A jAtione mukhya dha mAchalI pakaDavAne ke kinArA AgaLa pharatA vahANamAM calAvavAnuM hoya che. bhAI ane mAchInI 1. Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency-Gujarat Population, p. 156.

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darIyAkinArA AgaLa vasatI jAtio [ 87 jAte mAchalI pakaDavAne dhaMdhe kare che ane bAkInA ghaNuM karIne AgaboTamAM "lAskara" tarIke joDAya che. kaccha ane kAThIyAvADanA khAravAnA rajapUta, koLI ane musalamAna, e pramANe traNa varga thaI zake che. mAMDavI ane verAvaLa baMdaranI hada sudhImAM rajapUta khAravAe, dIva ane bhAvanagaranI vaccamAM keLI khAravAo ane ghoghA AgaLa kaAtI nAmanA musalamAna khAravAo jovAmAM Ave che. arabastAnamAMthI AvI vaselA bhAdelA nAmanA khAravAo beTa, dIva, dvArakA, jApharAbAda ane jAmanagara AgaLa jovAmAM Ave che. khaMbhAta AgaLa vasatA rajapUta khAravAe ghaNuM kAbela che ane teo chAparAM saMcAravAmAM ke pUla bAMdhavAmAM jANItA che. bharUca ane suratanA khAravA moTe bhAge musalamAna che. rAMdera ane bhImapura AgaLanA khalAsIo paNa ghara ke pUla bAMdhavAmAM ghaNuM kAbela manAya che. vAgheranI jAta beTa ane dvArakA tarapha ane mIyANAnI jAta vavANuA baMdaranI pUrva tarapha vaselI che. eka vakhata jeo bahAdura cAMcIyA gaNAtA te mIyANuM Aje anya khalAsIo jeTalA bahAdura ane sAhasika rahyA nathI. ghaNA samayathI cAMcIyA tarIke prasiddha thayelI saMghAranI jAta kacchanA akhAta AgaLa nAvikane dhaMdhe kare che. temAMnA keTalAka hAla kacchamAM Thera uchere che ke khetI kare che. AgaboTa yuganA pahelAM kacchanA mAMDavI baMdare vahANa bAMdhavAne udyoga ghaNe cAlatuM hatuM ane te vakhate yurepa sudhI gujarAtamAM bAMdhelAM vahANe jatAM. haju paNa mAMDavI AgaLa vahANo baMdhAya che ke je kinArAnA vyavahAramAM ghaNuM vaparAya che. te uparAMta 1. I. sa. 1780 mAM mAMDavImAM baMdhAyeluM eka vahANa kacchI khAravAo cheka iMglaDa sudhI laI gayelA, ane pAchuM malabAranA kinAre lAvelA. te arasAmAM zrImaMta vyApArIone Azare 400 vahANano kAphalo hato. Kutch Gazetteer p. 289.

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98 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna dezAvara jatI aneka AgabeTane bahAdura kamAno ane sAhasika lAskara haju gujarAta pUrAM pADe che. A khalAsIo ghaNA mAhitagAra ane kAbela che. naikAzAstra sArI rIte samajI zake che ane mAtra nakazAnA AdhArathI vahANe duniyAne game te bhAgamAM laI jaI zake che. khAsa karIne kacchanA khalAsIonI vahANavaTAnI apUrva kaLAnAM ghaNAM vakhANa thayelAM che. 19 mI sadImAM kacchanI mulAkAte Avelo eka musAphara lakhe che ke "kacchanA vIrajI nAmanA khalAsIno mane anubhava thayelo. te vahANavaTAmAM ghaNe kAbela hato. ane tene yogya keLavaNuM maLI hatI te mahAna nAvika ensananI tele Avyo heta."1 sara elekjhAnDara banne kacchanA khAravA, ane temaNe karelI darIyAI musApharI viSe jaNAve che ke "kacchanA khAravA vahANamAM lAMbI darIyAI musApharI ghaNuM cokakasAI ane huziyArIthI karatA te sAMbhaLI ghaNA yuropIyanone Azcarya thaze. teo nakazA ane kaMpAsane upayoga sArI rIte karI zakatA. A khalAsIomAM rAmasiMha mAlamanuM nAma prakhyAta hatuM. te eka sadI pUrve haleMDa gayela ane tyAMthI khagoLavivA, nokavidyA ane vahANa bAMdhavAnI kaLA zIkhI lAvIne teNe tenAM bIja gujarAtamAM pelAM." A rIte khAravAnA jIvanamAM je vahANavaTuM anAdi kALathI vaNAI gayuM hatuM te hAla paDatI dazAmAM che. eka vakhatanAM lakhapata, mAMDavI, verAvaLa, bharUca, surata, khaMbhAta vagere je baMdare jAhejalAlInA zikhare hatAM te hAla paDI bhAgyAM che. AkhA hindustAnane paradezI vyApAra mAtra kalakattA, muMbaI, madrAsa, raMguna ane karAMcI, 1. Industriul Supplement to Times of India, dated September 16, 1933 (Kutch Siate) p. 64. 2. Industrial Supplement to Times of Iudia, dated September 16, 1933 (Kutch State) p. 64 and Kutch Gazetteer, p. 143.

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DuMgarALa pradezamAM vasatI jAti [ e pAMca khadA mAraphate cAle che, jo ke samudrakinArAnA vyApAra hajI khAravAonA hAthamAM che. samudrasapharanI sAhasabuddhi, ane vahANavaTAnI kaLA vagere temanI umadA khAsIyate| hajI nAza pAmI nathI. tAjetaramAM kAThIyAvADanA rAjAoe potAnAM baMdarA khIlavavAM zarU karyAM" che, paraMtu paradezI vyApAra paradezI vANA mAraphate thAya che. dezI rAjA jo A dizAmAM yogya pratsAhana Ape aa gujarAtanA vahANavaTA ane khAravAonI kudaratI khAsIyatAne khIlavAne pUre| avakAza maLavA saMbhava che. . DuMgarALa pradezamAM vasatI jAtie bhIla, nAyakaDA vagere. gujarAtanI pUrva sarahadanI DuMgarALa bhUmimAM dhaNI anAya jAtA AvelI che. uttara taraphathI jema jema baLavAna ane kadAvara jAte gujarAtanAM rasALa medAnamAM AvavA lAgI tema tema A anAya jAtA pUrva taraphanA DuMgarA ane jaMgalamAM vasavA lAgI. medAnavAsI pragatizIla jAteAnA saMsargamAM te AvI zakayA nahI, eTale ajJAna ane jaMgalI avasthAmAM haju paNa te jovAmAM Ave che. mahIkAMThA ane paMcamahAlanA DuMgarALa pradezamAM ane mukhyatve karIne mALavAnA uccapradezamAM bhIla ane nAyakaDAnI vastI ghaNI che. eka daMtakathA pramANe ema kahevAya che ke bhIleA AyunA rAjA ajAtabAhunA putra gAhAnA vaMzajo che. gujarAtamAM eka vakhata teo rAjyakartA hatA ane cAMpAnera bhIlavaMzanI rAjyadhAnI 1. Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency, Vol. IX, Part I (Gujarat Population) p. 294.

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100 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna baneluM. 11 mI sadInA aMta sudhI AzAvaLa paNa bhalenA tAbAmAM hatuM. tyArapachI Azare traNa sadI sudhI musalamAnonA humalAthI rajapUte dakSiNa tarapha AvavA lAgyA, ane rajapUtanA humalAthI bhIlo pUrva sarahadanA DuMgarAmAM jaI vasyA. bhalemAM be varga che. eka rajapUtemAMthI utarI Avela ane bIje sAmAnya bhIla varga. pahelI jAtanA bhIle ghaNe bhAge uttara gujarAtamAM jovAmAM Ave che. temano mukhya dhadha khetI, majurI ke cekI karavAnuM che. cerI ke lUMTaphATa mATe khAsa karIne A jAta prasiddha che. I. sa. 1847 sudhI teo gAmaDAM lUMTatA ane . sa. 1898 pachI teo dhIme dhIme sudharavA lAgyA. akabara bAdazAhanA samayamAM gAmaDAMomAM teo cokIdAra tarIke nimAtA ane sAtapuDAnA ghATamAMthI prasAra thatA rastAonI cekI karavAnA je hakako temane ApavAmAM AvelA te haju vaMzaparaMparA teo bhogave che. teo svabhAve nikhAlasa, uDAu ane dArUnA vyasanI che. haMmezAM teo ghaNe bhAge tIrakAmaThAM pitAnI pAse rAkhe che. divasedivase jema jema keLavaNIne pracAra vadhato jAya che tema tema A jAta sudharatI jAya che. bhalasevAsaMgha vagere saMsthAo A dizAmAM uttama kArya karI rahI che. corI, lUMTaphATa ke gunho karanArAnuM pramANa ghaTatuM jAya che. temAMnA ghaNA have dArU pItA baMdha thaI gayA che. paMcamahAla ane revAkAMThAnAM jaMgalamAM nAyakaDAnI jAta jevAmAM Ave che. bIlanI mAphaka A jAta paNa corI, lUMTaphATa karanArI ane baMDAra che. eka daMtakathA ema kahe che ke I. sa. 16 mI sadImAM cAMpAnera zaheramAM je musalamAna umarA ane 1. Gazetteer of Bombuy Presidency, Vol. IX, Part 1 (Gujarat Population) p 801,

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DuMgarALa pradezamAM vasatI jAtio [ 10 vyApArI hatA temanA azvapAlenA teo vaMzajo che. bIjI daMtakathA ema kahe che ke bAgalANanA rAjAe cAMpAneranA rAjAne ApelA vaLAvAnA vaMzajo che. temano mukhya dhaMdhe majurI, khetI, lAkaDAM kApavAne ke mahuDAM ekaThAM karavAno che. I. sa. 1826 sudhI teo bhIla karatAM paNa vadhAre jaMgalI, ghAtakI, gunho karanArA ane vyasanI hatA. siMdhI ane makarANAnI madada laIne A jAta AsapAsanAM gAmaDAMmAM dhADa pADatI ane raste AvatA jatA mANasone lUMTatI. I. sa. 1857 nA baLavA vakhate gujarAtanA nAyakaDAoe paNa baLavo karela. teo ALasu, uDAu ane dArUnA vyasanI havAthI puSkaLa devAdAra thayelA che. bhIla ane nAyakaDA sivAya pUrva taraphanA DuMgarA ane jaMgalamAM bIjI ghaNI anArya jAte vase che. rAjapIpaLA ane DAMganA jaMgalanI pUrvamAM codharAnI jAta vase che. dakSiNa tarapha surata jIllA tarapha DhuMDhIyAnI jAta jovAmAM Ave che. bharUca, rAjapIpaLA ane surata jIllAmAM dubaLAnI jAta ghaNu pramANamAM dekhAya che. te uparAMta cheka dakSiNamAM gAmIta ane kAThoDIyA nAmanI anArya jAti vase che. A sarva jAtane mukhya dhadha khetI, majurI ke jaMgalanI pedAza ekaThI karavAnuM che. temAMnA keTalAka jagalamAM rahe che ane bAkInA rasALa medAnamAM vase che, paraMtu bhIla ke nAyakaDAnI mAphaka A jAte zarIra ane baMDakhora nathI. keLI, ne dhArALA. gujarAtamAM ghaNe ThekANe keLIo jovAmAM Ave che, paNa khAsa karIne uttara gujarAtamAM ane kAThIyAvADamAM teo vadhAre ?. Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency ( Gujarat Population ) p. 325. che p. 829. 2.

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102 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna pramANamAM AvelA che. taLAvaDA kaLIe sivAyanA ghaNAkharA kaLIo majurI ke khetI karIne jIvana gujAre che, paNa temanAmAM corI karavAnI Teva haju che. revAkAMThA tarapha haju teo cera tarIke jANItA che ane jyAre temane zikSA karavAmAM Ave che tyAre teo ghaNuM ja sahanazIlatA ane namratAthI sahana kare che. pAlaNapura tarapha te divase teo dhADa pADe che. keTalAka temane uttaranA medAnanI anArya prajA tarIke oLakhe che, tyAre keTalAka temane sudharelA bhIla ke rajapUta vaMzajo tarIke oLakhe che. carotaranA medAnamAM ane mahIkAMThA tarapha jovAmAM AvatA dhArALA paNa zarIra, baMDakhara ane lUMTArA tarIke prakhyAta che. kAThI, AhIra vagere. kAThIyAvADanA DuMgarALa pradezamAM eka daravIra ane baMDakhera kADInI jAta jovAmAM Ave che. A jAta kaccha taraphathI kAThIyAvADamAM AvelI hoya tema jaNAya che, paNa kyAre AvelI tenI tArIkha nakakI nathI. madhya eziyAmAMthI je jAte hindamAM AvelI temAMnI A eka che. teo siMdhanA mukhapradeza pAse vaselA, paNa musalamAnonA humalAthI kacchamAM ane tyAMthI chevaTe kAThIyAvADamAM AvI vaselA. temanA nAma uparathI hAla A dvIpakalpa kAThIyAvADa kahevAya che. ghaNA lAMbA vakhatathI A jAta lUMTaphATathI jIvana gujAratI AvelI che.? temanA nAma mAtrathI prajAne trAsa lAgate ane teo khetIne dhikkAratA. musalamAnI rAjyanI paDatI thayA pachI teo ?. Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency (Gujarat l'opulation) p. 237. 2. Kathiawar Gazetteer, p. 122. 3. I. sa. 188 mAM kanala kara lakhe che ke "kAThI lo.

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DuMgarALa pradezamAM vasatI jAtio [ 103 gAmaDAMmAM vasavATa karavA lAgyA che, ane have zAntimaya jIvana pasAra kare che, jo ke temane baMDakhora svabhAva gayo nathI. teo svabhAve mAyALu hoya che ane mahemAnonI AgatAsvAgatA ghaNA ja bhAvathI kare che. eka vakhatanI DuMgarAomAM vasatI kadAvara, zUravIra ane lUMTArAnI jAta ke jemane tAbe karavAne mATe aMgreja sarakAra tema ja dezI rAjAo ghaNA khuvAra thayelA te kAThIomAMnA keTalAka hAla khetI, keTalAka Dhorauchera ane keTalAka jAgIra ke jamInanI upaja upara nirvAha calAve che. kAThIyAvADanA ghIca jaMgalavALA pradezamAM AhIra ke rabArInI jAta bahu jovAmAM Ave che. kAkInI mAphaka A jAta paNa uMcI, kadAvara bAMdhAnI ane zuravIra che. gIra ane baraDAnAM ghAsavALAM bIDemAM ghaNe ThekANe AhIrenA nesaDA AvelA che ke jyAM teo Dhero jaththAbaMdha uchere che. jo ke teo svabhAve mAyALu, zAntipriya ane atithisatkAra mATe khAsa jANItA che, paNa prasaMga AvyuM zuravIratA batAvavAnuM cUkatA nathI. temane mukhya dha pazupAlana che ane pitAne Dhera pratye atyaMta mamatA rAkhe che. zaravIratA mATe jANItI bIjI ghaNI jAte kAThIyAvADamAM vaselI che. kAThInI sAthe cAraNanI jAta paNa uttara taraphathI tyAM AvelI ema kahevAya che. cAraNe Dhora ucheratA ane kAThI vaMzajonA itihAsa rAkhatA. haju A jAta kAThI ane anya rajapUta rAjavIonI zaravIratAnA dUhA gAvA mATe prakhyAta che. lUMTaphATanA dhaMdhAmAM gaurava mAnatA. temanAthI vadhAre baLavAna rAjAone teo dhikkAratA. temane koI cokkasa raheThANuM na hatuM." i. sa. 1820 mAM bAvAvALA nAmane prakhyAta kAThI lUMTAra thaI gayelo ke jeNe te samayanA hidI taikAsanyanA kepTana grAnTane gIramAM cAra mAsa sudhI keda Blan. Kathiawar Gazetteer p. 123-124.

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104 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna teo pavitra ane uttama cAritryavALA manAtA, jAmIna tarIke ubhA rahetA ane prasaMge prANa ApavA tatpara thatA. hAla teo. dezI rAjAonA darabAramAM rAjakavi tarIke oLakhAya che ane temanA Azraye jIvana gujAre che. | mera nAmanI bIjI bahAdura jAta jeThavA rajapUtAnA samayamAM lazkaramAM sainika tarIke uttama bhAga bhajavatI. zAtinA samayamAM teo khetI karatA ane laDAI vakhate sainikanuM kAma karatA. haju paNa teo rAjyane mahesula ApatA nathI. mahI nadI taraphathI AvelI mahIyAsanI jAta atyanta baLavAkhora che. teo gIramAM vase che ane Dhera pALe che. keTalAka khetI paNa kare che. gujarAtI prajAnuM bhAvI. AthI samajAze ke gujarAtI prajA eka olAdanI nathI. emAM aneka jAtionuM saMmizraNa che. bhIla, nAyakaDA, dubaLA, dharA, koLI, kAThI, vagere asala jAtio bAda karIe to bAkInI prajAmAM judI judI jAtionI keTalIka viziSTatAo nirALI dekhAya che. jo ke sAmAnya rIte emane samanvaya thaI gayo che; paraMtu gujarAtanI jaDa gelika paristhitine lIdhe gujarAtIonuM vyaktitva hindanI anya prajA karatAM nirALuM lAge che. "gujarAtanI akhaMDa sAgarapALe enA putrane samudra kheDatA kayAM, vyApArI karyA, dhanasaMcayamAM magna rAkhyA, vyavahArU kayAM, udAra ne sAhasika banAvyA. sAgare sarala karelA dhanaprAptinA mArgo zodhatAM, emanAmAM na AvI dudhaI vIratA, na emaNe keLavI prakhara vidvattA, samAnatA ke prasarI, rUDhiprabhAva zithila banya, strIo svAtaMtrya pAmI, enI saritAdevIoe phaLa, phula ne dhAve emane samRddha karyA ane

Page #134
DuMgarALa pradezamAM vasatI jAtio [ 105 temanI AziSe e suMvALA thayA, sahelANI thayA, zekhIna thayA.' AvI viziSTatAo jenI prajAmAM che, te vibhAga anukULa saMjoge maLatAM yuropanI mAphaka audyogika vikAsa ane zAstrIya sAdhana vyavasthA satvara sAdhI zakaze. AMtararASTrIya samAgamane lIdhe gujarAtIomAM vadhAre praga9bha sAhasa, vadhAre vizALa vyavasthAzakita, vadhAre UMDI udAratA ane vadhAre jIvaMta sAmAjika samayAnukULatA vagere khAsIyate prakaTe te te kAMI AzcaryakAraka nathI. 1. zrI. kanaiyAlAla munazInuM 12 mI sAhityasaMsadu saMmelananuM bhASaNa, "kaumudI", phebruArI, 1lTapa-pR. 133. 2. Planned Economy.

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vyApArI vibhAga prakaraNa 5 muM vyApAra ane vyavahAranuM sAmAnya avalokana pRthvI para bhinna bhinna prAkRtika paristhitine laIne dareka jAtanI pedAza dareka ThekANe utpanna thatI nathI. koI dezamAM amuka pedAza atizaya pramANamAM utpanna thAya che, tyAre bIjAmAM tenI utpatti mATe kudarata eTalI badhI sAnukULa nathI. prAcIna samayamAM jyAre hAlanI mAphaka nANuM vaparAtuM na hatuM, tyAre mAtra vastuonI Apale thatI. nANAMnI vaparAzane lIdhe hAla pahelAMnI ghaNI muzkelIo TaLI gaI che. nANAMnI madada vaDe I paNa vastu, keI paNa vakhate ane koI paNa jagyAe maLI zake che. kArIgara pitAnI banAvaTe gharAkane vece che ane maLelAM nANumAMthI joItI cIjo kharIde che. A jAtanI vastuonI Apalene vyApAra kahevAmAM Ave che. je mANasa pAse vadhAre vastu hoya tene badale bIjAnI vadhArAnI vastu meLavavAthI vastuone vinimaya thAya che. tevI ja rIte koI paNa deza ke prAMta pitAnI vadhArAnI perAza bahAra mokale che ane bIjA deze ke prAMtamAM vadhAre utpanna thatI pedAzanI AyAta kare che. AvI jAtanA vastuonA vinimayane AMtaraprAMtIya ke AMtararASTrIya vyApAra kahe che.

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vyApAra ane vyavahAranuM sAmAnya avalokana [ 107 haju paNa keTalIka jagyAe nANunI vaparAza nahIM hovAthI mAtra vastuone vinimaya thAya che. uttara taraphanAM iMDAM raNamAM vasatA "eskImanI' mukhya pedAza rIMcha ane zIyALanAM cAmaDAMnI che, eTale tenA badale teo seyo, darpaNe, cappAM ane anya taiyAra cIje keTalIka vakhata bahu kiMmate meLave che. eka vakhata e hatuM ke jyAre AkrIkAnI jaMgalI prajA pAsethI yurepanA vyApArIo mAtra kAcanA thADA maNakA ApIne hAthIdAMta meLavatA ane dakSiNa brahmadezanA darIyAI motI kADhanArAo pAsethI mAtra thoDIka DAMgara ke thoDA sutarAu rUmAlone badale ghaNAM kiMmatI matI meLavatA; paraMtu A jaMgalI prajAo have tevI rIte chetarAtA nathI. arvAcIna yAMtrika vyavahAranA lAbhathI koI paNa dezamAM sarva jAtanI pedAza utpanna karavAmAM AvatI nathI; paNa je pedAzane mATe tyAM sArAmAM sArI anukULatA hoya che tene vadhAravAnA satata prayAsa thAya che. AthI khetIpradhAna deze khetInI pedAza utpanna karIne tenA badale udyogapradhAna dezo pAsethI udyoganI banAvaTa meLave che. pazcimanA dezomAM audyogika parivartana ghaNuM thayuM che, ane tenA pariNAme khetInI pedAza tarapha joIe teTaluM dhyAna apAtuM nathI. samazItoSNa kaTibaMdhamAM AvelA udyogapradhAna dezane AthI uSNakaTibaMdhamAM AvelA khetIpradhAna deza para AdhAra rAkhe paDe che. jo ke AvI jAtanA Arthika vikAsathI AMtararASTriya vyApAramAM ekaMdara ghaNI vRddhi thaI che, paNa khetIpradhAna deze udyogapradhAna dezonA jeTalI samRddhi meLavI zakyA nathI. vyApAranI vastuonA mukhyatve karIne traNa varga pADI zakAya ema che. khorAkanI cIjo, kAcI vastuo ane udyoganI banAvaTe. yuropa, amerIkA ane jApAna udyoganI banAvaTe puSkaLa pramANamAM nikAza kare che, tyAre bAkInI duniyA mAtra kherAkanI cIjo ke

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108 ] gujarAtatu prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgALavijJAna kAcI vastuo pedA kare che. hindanA paradezI vyApAranI meTAmAM meTI khAmI e che ke nikAza vyApArane moTA bhAga kAcI pedAza ane khArAkanI cIjone che ane udyoganI cIjo meATA bhAge AyAta thAya che. apavAda tarIke mAtra zaNane taiyAra mAla hindamAMthI nikAza thAya che. tAjetaramAM khAMDa, divAsaLI vagere banAvavAnA udyoge sthApavAmAM AvyA che, jethI paradezI mAlanI AyAta ochI thavA lAgI che. saraddhadanA dezA sAthenA hindanA vyApAra ghaNA ochA che, tenuM kAraNa e che ke tyAM hajI arvAcIna vyavahAranI sagavaDa thaI nathIane vyApAra udyoga vagere pravRtimAM A deze ghaNA pachAta che. jo ke hindI mahAsAgaranA dhArI mArga para hindustAna AvelA che, paNa tene punarnikAzane vyApAra ghaNA ochA che. jyAre pazcimanA deze! jaMgalI avasthAmAM hatA tyAre hindI mahAsAgara vyApArI mahAsAgara hatA ane hindanA punani kAzanA vyApAra paNa ghaNA hatA; paraMtu hAla ATalAnTika vyApArI mahAsAgara thavAthI iMglAMDane punani kAzanA vyApAranA lAbha maLe che. AvA prakAranA vyApArane vadhArAmAM mAtra sthaLasthitinI jarUra che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa svAyatta vyApArI vahANA, zarApI peDhIe, vImA kaMpanIe ane saMgIna vyApAravyavasthA ghaNAM Avazyaka che. vyApAranAM uparyukta anivAya aMge| . paradezIenA hAthamAM hAvAthI hindane teA ekaMdare ghaNAja geralAbha thAya che. rASTriya vyApArane aNudhArI muzkelIe nA paDe te mATe AyAta ke nikAza vyApAra mAtra eka deza sAthe nahI paNa jUdA jUdA dezA sAthe netA pramANamAM hAvA joie. vividha dezo sAthenA vyApAra ochAvattA pramANamAM hAya che. tenAM ghaNAM kAraNo che. rAjakIya paristhiti mukhya kAraNa che. sAmAnya rIte parataMtra dezanA vyApAra temanA zAsanakrAM deza sAthe vadhAre hAya che. te

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vyApAra ane vyavahAranuM sAmAnya avalokana [ 109 uparAMta mAlanI jAta, kiMmata, dezanI Arthika sthiti vagere agatyane bhAga bhajave che. hindanA AyAta ke nikAza vyApArane mATe bhAga IMglAMDa sAthe che, kAraNa ke rAjakIya paristhitine laIne anya deza sAthe vyApAra vadhI zake tema nathI. tAjetaramAM hindane jApAna sAthe vyApAra vadhavA lAge che, kAraNa ke jApAnane ochI kiMmatane bhAla hindamAM ghaNe khape che ane jApAna hinda pAsethI rU ghaNA pramANamAM kharIde che. pariNAme IMglAMDa sivAyanA anya dezo sAthe hindane paradezI vyApAra vadhavA lAge che, je ke "oTAvAnA karAra' hAlamAM navI muzkelI ubhI karI che. AMtararASTriya vyApArathI ekaMdare ghaNuM lAbha thAya che, paNa jyAre nikAza ane AyAtanuM pramANa sarakhuM nA hoya tyAre kyA dhoraNa mujaba ane kevI rIte nANAMnI Apale karavI tenI muzkelI naDe che. je deze AyAta karatAM nikAza vyApAra vadhAre kare che, temanI AbAdI ghaNuM vadhe che, kAraNa ke kharIdanAra dezo pAsethI nANuM tyAM puSkaLa Ave che. tethI ulaTuM nikAza karatAM AyAta jyAM vadhAre thAya che te deze anya rIte devuM na patAvI zake te haMmezAM devAdAra rahyAM ja kare che. sAmAnya rIte nikAza karatAM AyAta vadhAre thAya to avazeSa kiMmata peTe kharIdanAra deza vecanAra dezane sonuM mokale che. mAlanI AyAta uparAMta keTalAka dezo paradezI saMsthAo jevI ke AgaboTanI kaMpanIo, zarAphI peDhIo, vImAnI kaMpanIe vagerene lAbha meLave che ane te paNa eka prakAranI AyAta gaNAya che, kAraNa ke AvA deze temanA devAdAra thAya che. hindustAnano nikAza vyApAra AyAta karatAM ghaNuM vadhAre che, paNa uparyukta "adazya AyAta' gaNavAmAM Ave te ekaMdara AyAta vadhAre thAya che, eTale pariNAme te anya dezane devAdAra che. IglAMDanI "adazya nikAza' vadhAre hovAthI te deza hAla ghaNAkharA dezane leNadAra che.

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110 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna vyApAra ane khAsa karIne nikAzavyApAra AthI dezanuM parama dhana gaNAya che kAraNa ke tenAthI dezanI samRddhi ghaNuM vadhe che. Adhunika rAjyakAraNamAM vyApAraudyogane ati mahatva ApavAmAM Ave che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa AMtararASTriya maMtraNAmAM vyApAraviSayaka carcAo agatyano bhAga bhajave che. pazcimanA udyogapradhAna dezanI apUrva AbAdI joine navA dezo paNa have pitAnA udyoge khIlavavA lAgyA che. eTale vadhatI jatI udyoganI banAvaTe kayAM nikAza karavI e prazna upasthita thayo che. kolasA, khanIjatela vagerenI khANa svAyatta karavA hAla jeTalI AMtararASTriya harIphAI cAlI rahI che tethI vadhAre navA nikAzakSetro meLavavAnI spardhA thaI rahI che. deza AthI eka bIjAnA mAlanI AyAta aTakAvavA mATe AyAta para jakAta nAMkhe che ke jethI paradezI mAla radeza ke svasaMsthAnamAM AvI zake nahi. Adhunika rAjyakrAntimAM svadezI udyogane kevI rIte uttejana ApavuM, nikAzavyApAra kema vadhAra, vyApAra saMbaMdhI karAre kayAM kyAM karavA vagere prazno agra sthAne hoya che. vyApAranuM jIvana vyavahAra che. zreSTha ane pUratI sagavaDavALA vyavahAranAM sAdhane vyApArane ghaNAM agatyanAM che ane arvAcIna : AMtararASTriya vyApAramAM je pragati thaI che te yAMtrika vyavahAranAM sAdhanane AbhArI che. hindustAnanI uttara sarahada tarapha ane moTA bhAge retALa ane DuMgarALa pradezamAM UMTa mAraphate vyApAra cAle che; paNa lAMbI musApharImAM ane vajanadAra mAlane mATe prANuvyavahAra nirUpAgI che. arvAcIna yugamAM khAsa karIne kAcI vastuo ane vajanadAra mAlanA vyApAramAM ghaNe vikAsa thayo che, tenuM mukhya kAraNa yAMtrika vyavahAra che eTaluM ja nahIM paNa, sueja ane panAmAnI nahero khulavAthI TuMkA thayelA darIyAI mArgo, AgaTe, baMdare vagere sagavaDa che. vyApAra ane vyavahAra arasa parasa lAbhakAraka che. vyavahAra vadhavAthI vyApAra vadhe che ane vyApAra vadhavAthI vyavahArathI

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vyApAra ane vyavahAranuM svamAnya avalokana [ 111 riti paNa sudhare che. 19 mI sadIne iglAMDano vyApArI itihAsa te bAbatanI sAkSI pUre che, ane keneDIyana pesiphIka relvene dAkhalo darzAve che ke relvevyavahAra thavAthI nirjana ane agamya pradezane vyApAra paNa vadhArI zakAya che. hAlanA jamIna, jaLa ane havA, e mArge cAlatA vyavahAramAM sAdhane anukrame relve, AgabeTa ane vimAna che. dareka prakAranA vyavahArane jUdI jUdI khAsIyata che. zreSTha prakAranA vyavahAranAM anivArya aMge kula pAMca cheH (1) jhaDapa, (2) sahIsalAmatapaNuM, (3) niyamitatA, (4) sastApaNuM, ane (5) vahanazakti. Adhunika yugamAM dareka pragatimAna dezamAM vyavahAranI jhaDapa vadhAravAnA prayAsa cAlu che ane tAjetaramAM havAI vimAnee AMtararASTriya vyavahAramAM ajaba parivartana karyuM che. jyAM jhaDapanI jarUrIyAta che tyAM khAsa karIne vimAnanI vaparAza ghaNuM thAya che. AthI utArUo mATe ane meTA bhAge pAnI avarajavara mATe vimAna eka atyanta upayogI sAdhana thaI paDayuM che. jamInamArge relve vyavahAra sarakhAmaNumAM ghaNe sahIsalAmatIvALo che. haju sudhI vimAnonI moTI khAmI e che ke musApharI daramIyAna jAnamAlanI sahIsalAmatI sAcavI zakAtI nathI; jo ke vaijJAnika zodhakhoLethI bhaviSyamAM te khAmI dUra thAya tema che. vaLI niyamitatA relvavyavahAramAM khAsa jovAmAM Ave che, keTalIka vakhata AgATo kalAka sudhI meDI thAya che ane vimAne. kudaratI aMtarAyone laIne cokkasa divase paNa AvI zakatAM nathI; paraMtu AgagADIo ghaNe bhAge miniTa sudhI niyAmatatA jALavI zake che. vahanazaktimAM AgagADI ane AgabeTa sauthI mokhare Ave che. atyaMta vistAravALI ane vajanadAra cIjone laI javA mATe vimAnanuM sAdhana hAlanA saMjogomAM pratika che. mAtra kimatI ane ochA vajanavALI cIjo alpa vakhatamAM laI javA mATe tene ghaNe upayoga thAya che. jaLavyavahAra relvenI saDaka, sTezana vagere

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112 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna kharcamAMthI mukta hevAthI mAla ke musAphare laI javA mATe tenA bhAvanuM dhoraNa vimAna ke relvenI sAthe sarakhAvatAM ghaNuM ochuM hoya che. AthI samajAze ke vajanadAra bojA laI javA mATe vimAna pratikUla che. eAchA bhAve, moTA ne vajanadAra mAla laI javA mATe AgaboTo vaparAya che ane jyAM jaladI nAza pAme tevI cIje mATe jhaDapa, sahIsalAmatatA ane vadhAre vahanazaktinI jarUra che tyAM moTA bhAge AgagADInI ghaNI vaparAza thAya che. tAjetaramAM meTaravyavahAre relve vyavahAranI sAthe ghaNI harIphAI karavA mAMDI che. khAsa karIne TuMkA aMtaramAM ane musApharone laI javAmAM moTaravyavahAra anukULa che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa bhAvamAM sastuM paDe che. A vadhatI jatI harIphAIthI relvenI Avakane ghaNuM nukazAna thAya che. relve ane moTara ane jamInamArgane uttama vyavahAranAM sAdhano che ane bannenAM kSetro jUdAM che. aMdaraaMdara spardhA karavAne badale, TuMkA aMtaramAM moTaravyavahAra ane lAMbA aMtaramAM relve vyavahAra e prakAranI sahakArI yojanA ghaDavAmAM Ave te ekaMdara vyApArane ghaNo lAbha thAya tema che. dareka pragatimAna dezamAM relvevyavahAra sArI rIte khIlelo che. sAmAnya rIte je mArge AchAmAM ochA kudaratI aMtarAyo hoya che te bhAge relve bAMdhavAmAM Ave che; paraMtu arvAcIna samayamAM lokenuM valaNa jhaDapa pratye vadhAre hevAthI TuMkAmAM TuMke raste relve bAMdhavAmAM Ave che. te mATe vizALa nadIo, pracaMDa parvata ane nirjana raze jevA kudaratI aMtarAyone sAnukULa banAvavA puSkaLa kharca karavuM paDe che. divase divase jamInamArge paNa AMtararASTrIya vyApAra vadhato jato hovAthI judA judA dezo potapotAnI relave pararAjyanI ra sAthe joDe che. relvenA AvA ekasarakhA anusaMdhAnathI mahAna Distha ra udbhave che ke jenI sahAyatAthI jamInamArganA vyA

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vyApAra ane vyavahAranuM sAmAnya avalokana [ 113 pAramAM ghaNe vikAsa thAya che. sebIrIyAnI khaMDastha relave pUrva pazcima moTAmAM moTI relve che. razIyAnA vyApArane te dhorI mArga che ane pesiphIka mahAsAgara ane bArIka samudranAM baMdarane te joDe che. kenADAmAM pesiphIka relvee rasALa medAnanI pedAzane khIlavavAmAM uttama bhAga bhajavyo che. osTrelIyA ane dakSiNa amerIkAmAM paNa AvI jAtanI khaMDastha relve AvelI che. uttara dakSiNa meTAmAM moTI khaMDastha relve AkrIkAmAM thaI zake tema che; paraMtu kepathI kare sudhInI A relvenuM vaccamAM mAtra thoDAka mAila joDANa na thavAthI haju te apUrNa che. hindustAnamAM relvenI racanA taddana vicitra che. jo ke relvene vistAra pramANamAM sAro che, paNa sarahadanAM rAjyanI relave sAthe tenuM joDANa thayeluM nathI. tenuM mukhya kAraNa pratikULa bhUyracanA che. hindu ane brahmadezanI vaccamAM eka tarapha parvata ane bIjI tarapha asaMkhya vahelA AvelA che, eTale A dezo vacce relve bAMdhavI kharcALa che ane pariNAme jamInamAge vyApAra paNa cheDe cAle che. cInamAM haju relvene vistAra vadhyo nathI, eTale hinda ke brahmadezanI sarahada sudhI relve AvI nathI. hindu ane TieTa vacce pracaMDa himAlaya parvata Avela hovAthI relve vyavahAra thaI zake tema nathI. vaLI IrAna ane aphaghAnIstAnanAM pachAta rAjyamAM relve vyavahAra nahIM jevo hovAthI hindu ane IrAka vagere dezo vacce revevyavahAra thavo mukela che. AthI khyAla Avaze ke jamInabhArganA vyavahAramAM bhUpRSaracanA agatyane bhAga bhajave che ane vyavahAra vagara vyApAramAM vRddhi thaI zakatI nathI. jaLamArganA vyavahAramAM mAtra samudrakinAre upayogI nathI, paNa te kinAre khAMcAkhAMcAMvALe have joIe ke jethI tyAM sArAM kudaratI baMdaro thaI zake. je baMdaro vyavahArogya nadIonAM mukha hAla joie ke jethI nathI, thaI ke je

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114 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgALavijJAna pAse hAya che temane vyApAra dhaNA vadhe che; paNa kAlAntare nadIomAM ghasaDAI AvatA jaLamaLa vaDe temanI upayogitA ghaTatI jAya che. AvAM khadarA pAsenA pradezaza je AyAta ane nikAzavyApAra pAtre tevA hoya teA yAMtrika sAdhanAnI madada vaDe paNa te kudaratI geralAbha dUra karI zakAya che. hindustAnane lAMbA samudrakinArAne lAbha che, paNa te khAMcAkhAMcAvALA bahu nahIM. hAvAthI sagavaDavALAM badA ghaNAM ochAM che. hindu jevA meATA vistAravALA ane AyAta tathA nikAzavyApAramAM AgaLa vadhelA dezane phakta cha mAAM kharI che ( muMbaI, karAMcI, madrAsa, vijhAgApaTama, kalakattA ane raMguna ), tyAre gujarAtathI saheja nAnA iMglAMDane tethI vadhAre khadarA che. hindamAM jo ke kudaratI baMdarA bahu nathI, paNa yAMtrika sAdhaneA vaDe hayAta ane jUnAM khaMdA khIlavI zakAya ema che. hindI sarakAranI rAjya nIti badalAya teA kAThIyAvADa ane anya prAMtanAM baMdarAnA dhaNA vikAsa thaI zake ema che. darIyAI vyApAranuM khIjuM anivArya aMga vahANavaTuM che. dezanA durbhAgye hajI paradeza sAthenA vyApAra paradezI AganeTa mAraphate ane paradezI saMsthAnI madada vaDe thAya che. iMglAMDa hAla ' samudranI rANI ' kahevAya che, kAraNa ke tenI pAse vyApArI vahANanA mATA kAphalo che. paradezI vyApAra sahIsalAmata cAle te mATe . darIyAi mAnA vyavahAra paNa ni yatAvALA hovA joie. iMglAMDanA vyApAra meTe bhAge dUra AvelAM saMsthAnA sAthe hAvAthI AkhA darIyAI mArga para cAgya sthaLeAe nAkAsainya gAThavavAmAM AveluM che, bhUmadhya samudranI pazcima tarapha brAlTara, vaccamAM mAlTA ane pUrva tarapha porTa sada ane pATa sUyeja briTiza nAkAsainyanA mathako AvelA che; eTale briTiza AgameTA bhUmadhya samudramAMthI prasAra thatA sAmAnya rIte nirbhaya rahe che. cheka pUrva tarapha jatAM rAtA samudrane nAke eDana nAkAsainyanuM sthaLa che ane jApAna tarapha vaLatAM darIyAi mAne

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vyApAra ane vyavahAranu sAmAnya avalAkana [ 115 mATe anukrame kAlakhA, pInAMga, sIMgApura ane hoMgakAMga AgaLa naukAsainya rAkhavAmAM AvyuM che. te uparAMta AgamATe kAlasA, khanIja tela vagere levA mATe upayukta sthaLeAe aTake che, eTale te darIyAi vyavahAranAM anivAya ago manAya che. ' relve, meTara, AgoTa ane vimAna hAla mukhyatve karIne arvAcIna vyavahAranAM sAdhanA che, paNa tAra ane TapAlanAM sAdhana vyApAra mATe ghaNA jarUranAM che. teee AMtararASTriya vyApAramAM ajakha pavitana karyuM che. pazcimanA pragatimAna dezezamAM tAra ane TapAlanI pUratI sagavaDa che eTaluM ja nahI paNa * vAyaralesa ' ane TelIphona " no vaparAza divase divase vadhatA jAya che. tAjetaramAM TelIphenanA' upayoga lAMbA aMtaramAM paNu vadhatA jAya che ane vyApArI loko tene lAbha levA lAgyA che. vaijJAnika zeAdhene laIne bhaviSyamAM tAranI jema 'TelIphezana' nA paNa lAMbA aMtaramAM vaparAza vadhaze, ema manAya che. " chevaTamAM vyApArI bhASA paNa vyavahAramAM ghaNA bhAga bhajave che. jo ke briTiza sAmrAjyanA puSkaLa vistAra ane briTiza vahANavaTAnA ghaNA upayeAgathI hAla aMgrejI bhASAne vyApArI bhASA tarIke ghaNA upayega thAya che, paNa AkhI duniyAmAM te vaparAtI nathI. uSNa kaTibaMdhamAM AvelA dezamAM spenIza bhASA ane uttara AphrikAmAM arabI bhASAne paNa vyApArI bhASA tarIke upayAga thAya che.

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prakaraNa 6 huM prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna samayane vyApAra ane vyavahAra prAcIna kALa ghaNA prAcIna kALathI gujarAta ane kAThIyAvADa vyApAraudyogamAM puSkaLa AgaLa vadhelAM hatAM, e sapramANa siddha thayeluM che. pazcimanI prajAo jyAre sudharelI na hatI tyAre hindustAnamAM ane khAsa karIne darIyAkinArA paranA pradezamAM vyApAraudyoga sArI rIte khIlelA hatA. yuropanI prajAe jyAre suSupti avasthAmAM hatI tyAre pazcima hindanA ziremaNi samAM gujarAte jAherajalAlInuM maLyA joyuM hatuM. gujarAtanA leke darIye kheDatA; nANAMnI uthalapAthala karatA; jamIna ane darIyAmArge hajAre mAIla mAla mokalatA ane hajAre mAilathI mAla dezamAM lAvatA. pazcimanA leko jyAre kapAsa e zuM che tethI taddana ajJAta hatA tyAre gujarAtamAM vividha prakAranAM kapaDAM taiyAra thatAM ane bahAranA dezamAM e kapaDAM senAne bhAve vecAtAM. Izu khrIstanI sanenI zarUAta paNa nahatI thaI te pahelAM gujarAtanAM baMdaro pUrepUrI rIte khIlelAM hatAM. hAlanA samayanA jevA tArIkha-tavArIkhanA sAdhanonA abhAve prAcIna kAlanI pUrepUrI vigata ApaNane maLI zakatI nathI, tethI. ApaNe musApharo ke yAtrALunAM varNane athavA te zilAlekha upara ja rasadhAra rAkhavo paDe che tema ja vyApAraudyoganA AMkaDA paNa na maLI

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vyApAra ane vyavahAra [ 117 -zakavAthI te vakhatanI samRddhi athavA jAhojalAlInA vRtAnta uparathI thoDu ghaNuM jANavAnuM maLe che. tema chatAM ema te sAbIta thAya che ke gujarAtanI samRddhino mULa AdhAra tenA vyApAraudyoganI caDhatI para hate. arvAcIna samayanA jevI yAMtrika zodhakhoLe te vakhate na hatI, to paNa vyApArI loko potAnI sAhasika buddhithI game tevI vyavahAranI agavaDa hovA chatAM, ane cora, lUMTAra ke paradezI rAjAnA bhayane gaNakAryA vagara vyApAramAM jhaMpalAvatA ane prAMtanI AbAdImAM vadhAre kiratA temanA mATe atyaMta prazaMsApAtra che. mULa gujarAta ane kAThIyAvADanAM zahere vyApAraudyogane lIdhe ghaNAM samRddhivAna hatAM te kaMI AzcaryabhareluM nathI ema enazaMga nAmane musAphara jaNAve che, kAraNa ke gujarAtanI kudaratI samRddhi sivAya tyAMnA lokonI vyApArI buddhi eTalI badhI javalaMta hatI ke teo te samRddhimAM vadhAre karatAM. kAThIyAvADamAM bhAvanagara pAse AveluM valabhinagara ghaNA vakhata pahelAM atiprakhyAta jAhojalAlInuM sthAna hatuM. hyuenasaMga kahe che tema te nagaramAM 100 lakSAdhipatio hatA. tenuM mukhya kAraNa e hatuM ke tenA bajAramAM asAdhAraNa vyApAranI cIjo dRSTie paDatI hatI. valalipura viSenI aneka daMtakathAo paNa tenI samRddhinI sAbItI Ape che. prabhAsapATaNa e kAThIyAvADamAM bIjuM vyApAranuM sthAna hatuM. zrI. aoNkara jaNAve che ke je ke prabhAsa bezaka tIrthasthAna hatuM, paNa tenI samRddhine amuka bhAga te te baMdara AphrikA ne cAInA, bharUca ane mesepeTemIyA vacce musApharI karatAM vahANenuM vizrAmasthAna hatuM tene laine hate. khAsa karIne prabhAsa hindunuM jAtrAnuM dhAma hatuM, paNa pAchaLathI musalamAna ke jeo irAna ne arabastAnamAM yAtrArthe jatA teo A baMdare 1-2 A. S. Altekar, Ancient Towns & Cities in Gujarat & Kathiawad, p. 52.

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118] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna utaratA. AthI te ghaNuM ja vastIvALuM ane samRddhivAna sthaLa thayeluM.' A sivAyanAM bIjA vyApAranAM sthaLo kAThIyAvADamAM ghoghA, dIva, mAMgaroLa, porabaMdara hatAM ke jeo madhyakALa sudhI sArI rIte jAhejalAlI bhogavatAM hatAM. mAMgaroLa baMdara viSe bAsA kahe che ke malabArathI ghaNAM vahANe ahIM AvatAM tyAre nALIyera, mINa, elacI ne bIjA tejAna lAvatAM, ane mAMgaroLamAMthI ghoDA, ghauM, cekha, rU, kApaDa, vanaspati vagere laI jatA."2 prAcIna samayanAM baMdare valabhi ane prabhAsa vyApAraudyoganAM kendra hatA, ane jemAM jema darIyAI vyApAra vadhato gayo tema tema navAM navAM baMdare khIlatAM gayAM. khaMDastha gujarAtamAM vyApArI pravRttinuM prAcIna sthAna gukaccha athavA te arvAcIna bharUca hatuM. te yAtrAnuM dhAma hatuM, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa uttara hindanA AyAta ne nikAza vyApAranuM mukhya baMdara hatuM. IsavI sananA pahelAM A baMdara darIAI vyApAramAM AgaLa vadheluM hatuM, ema sapramANa siddha thayeluM che. zrI. alekara lakhe che ke "khrIstI saMvatanI zarUAtamAM A baMdare AkhA uttara ane madhya hindanA AyAta ne nikAza vyApAramAM sarvoparIpaNuM meLavyuM hatuM. uttara hindamAMthI kIMmatI patthara, mATInAM vAsaNa ne malamala A baMdarethI bahAragAma jatAM. 7 mI sadI sudhI jyAre hyuenasaMge tenI mulAkAta lIdhelI tyAre paNa tenI darIyAI pravRtti acaLa rahI hatI."3 godrahaka athavA arvAcIna godharA vallabhI rAjyanI paDatI pachI sthAnika rAjyanA Azraya nIce jamIna mArganuM vyApAranuM sthaLa hatuM. bharUca viSe bharUcanA gejheTIyarane kartA jaNAve che ke 1-2 Kathiawar Gazetteer, B. P. Vol. VIII. (1884); P. 281. 3. Altekar, Ancient Towns and Cities. pp. 33-35.

Page #148
vyApAra ane vyavahAra [ 119 I. sa. 3 jI sadImAM bharUca dakSiNa arabastAna, IjIpta, ne irAnanA akhAta sAthe vyApArathI joDAyeluM hatuM. tyAM AgaLa arabastAna ne IjIptamAMthI sonuM, cAMdI, pIttaLa, jasata, kAca, paravALAM, dArU, attara, kApaDa vagere AvatAM, ane IrAnamAMthI gulAmo, sanuM, metI, khajura, dArU, kApaDa, hIrA, mANeka, attara, rezamI kApaDa, ne hAthIdAMta AvatAM. bharUcathI arabastAna ne IjIptamAM elacI, cekhA, mAkhaNa, tela, rU, khAMDa, malamala vagere mAla jato ane irAnamAM pIttaLa, prANInI pedAza, zIMgaDA, sukhaDa vagere mAla ja.1 karpaTavANijya athavA arvAcIna kapaDavaMja 9 mI sadImAM madhya hinda ne darIyA kInArAnA vyApAranA mArgamAM AveluM hovAthI jamInamArganA vyApAranuM kendrasthAna hatuM. Azare 12 thI 13 mI sadImAM te nagara vyApAra mATe agatyanuM sthaLa thayuM hatuM.' vyApAranAM lakSaNe prAcIna kALanA vyApAra viSe je ke ApaNane cokkasa vigate maLI zakatI nathI, te paNa te vakhatanA vyApAranI AbAdInAM varNane uparathI mAlama paDe che ke te AbAdInuM mukhya kAraNa AyAta karatAM nikAzane vadhAre e hatuM. vaLI A nikAzamAM hunnaraudyoganI banAvaTo vadhAre pramANamAM jatI. A kAraNane laIne dUranA yuropIyana dezamAMthI daravarSe bhAratavarSamAM ghaNuM ja senuM AvatuM. gujarAta ke je te vakhate paNa vyApArapravRttimAM AgaLa hatuM. paNa sonuM vadhAre pramANamAM AvatuM hovuM joie. gujarAtanAM sutarAu ne rezamI kApaDa senAnA mUlya vecAtAM, ema musAphare. lakhe che te vAta kharI hovI joIe. gujarAtamAM khorAka ne 1. Broach Gazetteer, Vol. II. B. P. (187), p. 48. 2. Altekar, Op Cit., p. 17. 3. K. T. Shah; Trade Tariffs & Transport, pp. 20-21.

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120 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna kAcI vastuo utpanna thatI, paNa te prAMtanA udyogamAM ja khapI jatI, eTale tenI nikAza bahu pramANamAM nahIM thatI. vaLI A prAMtamAMthI gaLAnI sArI nikAza thatI, paNa hAla paradezI harIphAIthI gaLInI AyAta thAya che. hAlanA jevAM vyApAranAM lakSaNo karatAM te lakSaNe taddana jUdAM ja mAlama paDe che. A prAMta vahANavaTAmAM ne nANAvATAmAM paNa AgaLa vadhelo hovAthI, temAMthI maLatA na paradezI prajA meLavI zakatI na hatI. saiAthI agatyanuM lakSaNa te e hatuM ke bharUca vagere baMdaroe punanikAzane vyApAra sAre cAla. malabAra, malAyA, silona vagere jagyAethI mAla baMdare AvatA ne tyAMthI bIjI prajAne vecavAmAM Avato. AthI vyApArIone sAre napho maLata. A badhAM lakSaNothI A prAMtanA vyApAranuM saravaiyuM tenI tarapheNamAM hevuM joIe, e siddha thAya che. gujarAtanI apUrva jAherajalAlI je prAcIna kALamAM hatI ane je megala rAjyanA aMta sudhI jevI tevI rithatimAM rahevA pAmI tenuM kAraNa vyApAranAM uttama lakSaNo hatAM. mAdhyamika kALa jyArathI gujarAtamAM rAjapUta rAjAonuM rAjya AvyuM tyArathI ApaNane cakkasa tArIkhavAra hakIkata maLe che, mATe ApaNe gujarAtanA itihAsane madhyakAla te arasAmAM mUkIzuM. cAvaDA ne solaMkI vaMzanA vakhatamAM gujarAtanI jAherajalAlI pAchI pUrNa kaLAe pahoMcI hatI. rajapUta rAjAe dharma pratye pakSapAta hevAthI jUdI jUdI smAraka imArata baMdhAvatA ane ThekANe ThekANe zilAlekho kotarAvatA. A ane bIjAM sAdhane dvArA ApaNane te vakhatanI sthitinI khabara paDe che. Azare 9 mI sadIthI zarU karIne 18 mI sadInA aMta sudhI ke jyAre briTiza rAjyane sUryodaya thavA lAge tyAM sudhInA vakhatane . ApaNe madhyakAla gaNIzuM. briTizanA Agamana pachI gujarAtanI

Page #150
vyApAra ane vyavahAra [ 124 suSupta avasthA bhagavatI vyApArI pravRtti pharIthI vadhAre jozathI khIlI nIkaLI, tema ja tyAra pachI ApaNane gujarAta viSe vadhAre cokakasa khabara maLI zake che, tethI te pachInA samayane ApaNe arvAcIna samayathI oLakhIzuM. Azare 9 sadInA lAMbA madhyakALane gujarAtanAM judAM judAM rAjyanA amala pramANe vaheMcIne te pramANe prAMtanI vyApArI pravRttinuM varNana karavAthI vadhAre saraLatA paDaze. A madhyakALanuM nIce pramANe vargIkaraNa thaI zake? (1) hindu rAjya-I. sa. 800 thI 1300 sudhI. (2) bAdazAhI rAjya-I. sa. 1300 thI 16 00 sudhI. (3) megala rAjya-I. sa. 1600 thI 1750 sudhI. (4) marAThA rAjya-I. sa. 1750 thI 1850 sudhI. uparanuM vargIkaraNa vividha rAjyonI caDhatI ke paDatI cokkasa tArIkhavAra batAve che ema nahIM ja kahI zakAya, paNa nibaMdhanI saraLatAne mATe vargIkaraNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. (1) hindu rAjyane samaya 9 mI sadInI zarUAtamAM gujarAtamAM cAvaDAvaMzanuM rAjya cAlatuM hatuM. vanarAje vasAveluM aNahIlavADa zahera 10 mI thI 14mI sadI sudhI pitAnI jAhojalAlI acaLa rIte jALavI rahyuM hatuM. cAvaDA vaMza pachI cAlukya vaMzanA rAjya nIce te zahera vyApAramAM ghaNuM AgaLa vadheluM hatuM. kumArapALa caritrane katAM lakhe che ke "aNahIlavADa vistAramAM 10 kesa hatuM. tenI aMdara cerAsI ceka ane bajAro senA ne cAMdInI TaMkazALa sAthe hatAM. jUdA jUdA vyApArI ane kArIgara varga mATe judAM judAM bajAro hatAM. aDhAra prakAranI jAti tyAM vasatI hatI. dareka mAlane mATe judI mAMDavI hatI ke jyAM AyAta ke nikAza paranA kara ugharAvAtA. e vyApAranuM meTuM mathaka hatuM, ane

Page #151
gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgAvijJAna 12 ] darAjanA karanI Avaka Azare rU!. 5,000 thatI. 1 karNAvatInI pAse AveluM AzAvala 10 mI sadImAM agatyanuM" vyApAranuM mathaka hatuM. vyApAranI draSTie te khaMbhAta ane pATaNathI bIjI paMkatinuM zahera hatuM, altekara lakhe che ke " AzAvala, kha'bhAta ane bharUca, pATaNa ane meDAsAnA rastAo para AveluM hAvAthI ghaNuMja vastIvALuM, samRddhivAna ane vyApAramAM agresara hatuM. ve 12mI ne 13 mI sadImAM hAlatuM kapaDavaMja madhyahindu ane pATaNa, bharUca tathA khaMbhAtanA vyApAranA mArga upara atyaMta agatyanuM zahera hatuM. dhavalaka athavA arvAcIna dheALakA paNa 10 mI sadImAM AMtaraprAMtIya vyApAranu kendra hatuM. gujarAtanA rAjAonI rAjyadhAnI aNuhIlavADa ane khabhAtanA dhorI mArga para tema ja kAThIyAvADane mULa gujarAtanI vaccamAM AveluM hAvAthI 12 mI ne 13 mI sadImAM dhALakA gujarAtanA agatyanA zaheramAMnuM eka rAhera hatuM ke jAM nANAnI levaDa devaDa ghaNI thatI. vaTapadrapura athavA arvAcIna vaDeAdarA 9 mI sadImAM phakta gAmaDuM hatuM, paNa 13 mI sadImAM te jaina vyApArInu nivAsasthAna thavAthI AMtaraprAMtIya vyApAranuM mukhya mathaka hatuM." mULarAja ane sAlajI vaMzajonA vakhatamAM siddhapura jAtrAnu dhAma hatuM. tethI kudaratI rIte te zahera vyApAraudyogamAM AgaLa vadheluM hatuM. staMbhatI athavA hAlanuM khaMbhAta 8 mI sadImAM sthAnika rAjyanI rAjyadhAnI hatuM, paNa selakarAjAonA amalamAM te rAjyanA AyAta ne nikAza vyApAranuM mukhya baMdara hatuM. zrI. atekara lakhe che ke 1. J. Burgess, A Visit to Gujarat in 1869, p. 80-81, 2. Altekar, Ancient Cities in Gujarat, p. 16. 3. 19 Pp. 26-27. 4. Altekar, Angien Towns in Gujarat, p. 37. .

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vyApAra ane vyavahAra [ 123. musalamAna yAtrALuo makkA javA mATe A baMdarathI besatA gujarAtanAM nANAMbajAramAMnuM te mukhya nANabajAra hatuM, solaMkI rAjAonA naukAsainyanuM sthaLa hatuM. paNa bAdazAhI samayamAM A samRddhivAna baMdaranI paDatI thavA mAMDI.1 amadAvAda gejheTIyarane kartA A samayanI vyApArI pravRttine mATe nIce pramANe lakhe che: "aNahilavADanA rAjyamAM meDAsAnI TekarIthI sAbaramatInA mukha sudhInuM jaMgala kheDANa lAyaka jagyAmAM pheravAI gayuM hatuM, ane tyAM ghIca vastIvALAM zahero vasyAM hatAM. temAMnuM dhoLakA zahera AMtaraprAMtIya vyApAranuM mathaka hatuM. pATaNanA rAjAonI nIce ghoghA baMdara vadhatuM jatuM hatuM. jyAre I. sa. 1411 mAM amadAvAda vasyuM tyAre ghoghA baMdaranI jAhojalAlI vadhelI, kAraNa ke moTAM vahANo tyA UMDA pANImAM laMdharAtAM ane tyAMthI mAla khaMbhAta baMdara mAraphate amadAvAda zaheramAM ja hato" A sthaLe sivAya gujarAtamAM bIjAM ghaNuM zahere vyApAraudyoganI pravRttimAM rokAyelAM hatAM, ane temanI apUrva samRddhinuM mULa kAraNa te prAMtanI vyApAraudyoganI jAhojalAlI sivAya bIjuM kaMi na hatuM. gujarAtanA svataMtra hindu rAjyanA Azare 5 sadInA amalamAM prAMtanA vyApAraudyogone sArU poSaNa maLeluM. te AgaLanAM varNane. parathI sAbIta thAya che. khaMbhAta ne gheghA gujarAtanA darIyAI vyApAranAM kendrasthAne hatAM. aNahIlavADa, AzAvala, karpaTavANijya, dhavalaka, vaTapadrapura ne siddhapura vagere AMtaraprAMtIya vyApAranA mathako havAthI baMdaronA nikAzavyApAranAM poSaka sthAno hatAM. kAThIyAvADamAM 1. Altekar, Ancient Towns in Gujarat, p. 47. 2. Ahmedabad Gazetteer, Vol. IV, B. P., (1879), pp. 86-87,

Page #153
124 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna prAcIna samayanA prabhAsa, mAMgaroLa, dIva, ghoghA, porabaMdara vagere baMdare hindu rAjyanA aMta sudhI potAnI jAhojalAlI jALavI rahyAM hatAM. mukhya rAjadhAnIthI vyApAramAM AgaLa vadhelAM zahero sudhInA dhArI rastA sivAya vyavahAranA bhAgoM koI na hatA. A rastAnA bhAge gADAmAM ke vaNajArAnI peThe upara mAla darIyAkinAre Avate ane tyAMthI vahANomAM arabastAna, irAna, IjIpta ne dakSiNamAM malabAra sudhI nikAza mATe laI javAmAM AvatuM. solaMkI vaMzamAM vyApArI prajAne sArU mAna maLatuM ane ghaNAkharA selaMkI -rAjAnA pradhAne paNa moTA vyApArI ane zarApha hatA. siddhapuranuM sahastraliMga taLAva zrImaMta vyApArInI asara madadathI ja pUruM thayeluM ema kahevAya che.1 AvA zrImaMta ne mutsaddI amA rAjAone ghaNI vAra aNIne vakhate madada karatA, temaja prAMtIya vyApAraudyogane uttejana ApavAnuM cUkatA nahIM. vyApAranI pravRtti uparAMta vyApAranI vyavasthA paNa te vakhate ghaNuM sArI hatI. zrI. alekara jaNAve che ke "dareka zaheramAM vyApAra ne udyogane mATe judAM judAM maMDaLo hatAM. dareka AvA maMDaLano uparI zreSThI kahevAto. dareka maMDaLane pitAnA kAyadA, rakSaNane mATe pitAnuM lazkara ane tenA sabhyone nANAM dhIravA mATe potAnI zarAphI peDhIo hatI. AvAM maMDaLe pitAnI thApaNa tathA dharmAdAnI milkatanI vyavasthA karatAM ne TuMkAmAM pitAnA vyApAra ke udyoganA hita mATe tatpara rahetAM. (2) bAdazAhI rAjyane samaya teramI sadInA aMtamAM aNahilavADa pATaNa bhAratavarSanAM pradhAna nagaramAM agra sthAne hatuM. e vakhate gujarAtanuM svataMtra hindu rAjya nAza pAmyuM ane ene chelle mahArAjA karNadeva nAsIne dakSiNamAM gaye. e pachI eka sadI sudhI dilhInA musalamAna 2-2 Alteker, Ancient Cities in Gujarat, p. 53.

Page #154
vyApAra ane vyavahAra [ 12pa bAdazAhanA sUbA gujarAtano vahIvaTa pATaNamAM rahIne karatA. chellA sUbo pharakhAM caudamI sadInA aMtamAM mujhapharazAha nAma dhAraNa karIne svataMtra thayo. tenA maraNa pachI tene pAtra ahamadazAha gAdIe Avyo. ahamadazAha baLavArene vaza karIne AzAvala AvyA ane tyAMnI havA pasaMda paDavAthI i. sa. 1411 mAM amadAvAda zahera vasAvyuM. aNahilavADane badale have AzAvala AgaLa bAdazAhIM. rAjyanuM navuM pATanagara thayuM. eTale aNahilavADanI sarva pravRttio A navA pATanagaramAM AvI. zrI. diveTIyA kahe che tema vyApAranA kSetramAM amadAvAdanuM (AzAvala) prAcIna mahatva have segaNuM vadhyuM. amadAvAda vasyuM tyAre yuropavAsIone hindustAna kyAM AvyuM tenI khabara nahotI. hindamAM senAnA DhagalA maLe che ema yuropavAsIo samajatA ane hindustAnane zodhavA mATe bhagIratha prayatna karatA... je vakhate pUrvanA samudramAM yuropavAsIone saMcAra nAmane ja hatA te vakhate Araba ane gujarAtIo ja sarvoparI hatA. paMdaramI sadImAM amadAvAdanI bAdazAhIne pIpaladhvaja pUrvane mahAsAgaramAM badhe ghUmate. paradezI vyApArIo gujarAtane ane hindanA keTalAka bhAgane khaMbhAtanA mahArAjya tarIke oLakhatAra amadAvAdanI jAhojalAlI 15 mI ne 16 mI sadInA pahelA bhAgamAM pUrNa kaLAe pahecelI, ane AthI tene keTalAka itihAsakAre "duniyAnuM bajAra" e nAmathI saMbedhatAM. bAdazAhI samayamAM musApharI mATe AvelA keTalAka vidvAna. musApharoe amadAvAdanI AbAdInAM ghaNAM vakhANa karelAM che. te. uparathI spaSTa thAya che ke hindu rAjAoe papelI gujarAtanI vyApArI pravRtti bAdazAhanA vakhatamAM paNa khIlI nIkaLI hatI. bArasa. 1. diveTIyAnuM gujarAtanuM pATanagara-amadAvAda-pA. ra3ra4. 2. pA. 440-441.

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126 ]. gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna jaNAve che ke "A navuM pATanagara gujarAtanAM ghaNAM zahero ane baMdaronA vyApAranuM kendra hatuM. A baMdaree vahANavaTuM puSkaLa jeramAM tuM ne vahANanA mAlIke hinduane musalamAna hatA."1 vaLI amadAvAda gejheTIyarane kartA lakhe che ke bAdazAhI amalamAM (I. sa. 1400 thI 1570) amadAvAdamAM mALavAthI aphINa AvatuM; khurAsAnathI gheA, hathIAra ne rezamI mAla AvatA; ane pAsenA pradezamAMthI gaLI, rU ne anAja paradeza jatA mATe tathA sthAnika udyogane mATe AvatAM. khaMbhAtamAM amadAvAdanA bhabhakAdAra amIravarga mATe pUrvanA tamAma dezomAMthI mAjazekhanI aneka cIjo AvatI. amadAvAdane kInakhAba mazarU ane sutarAu kApaDa khaMbhAtathI caDhatAM, eTale khaMbhAtane nAme paMkAtAM; ne karothI pekIna sudhInA pUrva goLArdhane dareka bajArabhAM bahu khapatA. mulAkAnA jaMgalI loka pitAnI uMcAI jevaDa A kApaDane Dhagalo ApatA tyAre baMdhanamAMthI mukta thatA. AmIkAnA kinArA para e kApaDa suvarNane badale vecAtuM bArabosA jaNAve che ke "ahIMthI eDanamAM keTalAka auSadha, aphINa, ghauM, gaLI, maNakA vagere jatuM; ane eDanathI trAMbu, pAre, gulAbajaLa ane hIMgaLAMka AvatuM. arabastAnathI ghoDA AvatA. AphrIkAthI sonuM, hAthIdAMta, aMbara ane mINa AvatuM. malabArathI sopArI nALIyera ane marI AvatAM. siMhaladvIpa ane paguthI e ja mAla Avato. baMgALAthI sAkara ane malamala AvatI. jAvAthI jhaverAta ane kasturI ne malAkAthI tejAnAnI vastuo AvatI....eDana AgaLa khaMbhAtanAM ghaNAM meTAM vahANe eTalA badhA jathAbaMdha mAla sAthe arabastAna, AdIkA ane IjIpta sAthe vyApAra karavA AvatAM ke temanA sutarAu kApaDanI kIMmatane khyAla paNa na Ave." A laMbANa varNana te vakhatanA amadAvAdanI balake gujarAtanI vyApArasamRddhi batAvavAne pUratuM che. 2- Ahmedabad Gazetteer, Vol. IV, B. P, (1879) p. 87. pp 87-88.

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vyApAra ane vyavahAra [ 127 Azare traNa sadInA bAdazAhI amalamAM gujarAtamAM vyApAraudyogane sArU uttejana maLyuM hatuM. bAdazAheAnI rAjadhAnI amadAvAda thavAthI gujarAtane badhA vyApAra te jagyAe cAlatA hatA. te samayamAM hAlanA jevA yAMtrika vAhanAnA abhAve sAmAnya rIte prAMtane vyApAra rAjadhAnIne ja anusaratA hatA. hindu rAjAonA vakhatamAM aNuhilavADa AMtaraprAMtIya vyApAranuM kendrasthAna hatuM, paNa bAdazAheAnA vakhatamAM te sthAna amadAvAdane maLyuM. darIyAi vyApAranuM mukhya khArUM khaMbhAta baMdara ja hatuM, kAraNa ke amadAvAdathI nikAza thatA mAla khaMbhAtane nAme mazahura hatA; paNa zrI. altekara kahe che ke " A samRddhivAna baMdara musalamAnanI caDhAne laine vyApAraudyogamAM pachAta paDeluM."1 amadAvAda gejheTIyarane kartA ema kaheche ke bhAda zAhI amalamAM musalamAna vyApArIe temanA spI porTugIjhanI sAthe harIkAmAM utaratAM. malAkA ane malabAranA kinArA para ane AphrikAnI seAnAnI khANA AgaLa tee mAla laI jatAM, ekasa pa karIne bhAva vadhAratAM, ne porTugIjha vyApArIone hAMkI kADhavA mATe sthAnika rAjAone uzkeratA. ra hindu rAjyanA aMta sadImAM (1411 A uparathI ema mAlama paDe che ke pachInI eka sadI bAda karatAM, pachInI eka 1538 ) khaMbhAtane darIyAi vyApAra vadhe! hAvA joie, phera mAtra eTalA ja hoI zake ke hindu rAjyamAM hindu vyApArIne uttejana baLatuM. 16 mI sadInA pAchalA bhAgamAM khaMbhAta baMdaranI paDatI thayelI ane te vakhate ja bAdarAAhI rAjyane ata AvelA. AAdazAhanuM mana sAdhAraNa rIte sthApatya para vadhAre hovAthI teo masIda, dharmazALA rastA vagere baMdhAvatAM. rAjadhAnInI khIlavaNI 1. Altekar, Ancient Cities in Gujarat, p 47. 2. Ahmedabad Gazetteer, Vol. IV, B. P. (1679; p 88

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128 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna marathI ema lAge che ke teoe baMdarathI rAjadhAnI sudhI ne tenI AsapAsa vyavahArane mATe sArA gherI rastA baMdhAvelA hevA joIe. A rastAo upara piThIyA ke gADAM eka gAmathI bIje gAma mAla laI jatAM, paNa AMtaraprAMtIya rastAonA abhAvane laIne darIyAI vyApAranI mAphaka jamIna vyApAra nahIM vadhelo te vAta nirvivAda che. 3) megala rAjyane samaya I. sa. 1573 mAM gujarAtamAM svataMtra bAdazAhIne aMta Avyo. tenI sAthe megala sAmrAjyanI sattA sarvoparI thaI. 16 mI sadInA pAchalA bhAgamAM pUrva mahAsAgaramAM porTugIjha lokenI sattA jAmI hatI, ane jyArathI temaNe I. sa. 1538 mAM dIvamAM keDI nAMkhI tyArathI ghoghA ne khaMbhAta baMdarane vyapAra sahIsalAmata na hate. chellA bAdazAhI rAjAo nabaLA hovAthI mogala bAdazAhanI caDhAImAM teo phAvyA nahIM. AthI gujarAta e megala sAmrAjyane eka mAnIte prAMta the. sAmrAjyanI rAjadhAnI dilhI rahI, paNa dilhIthI nimAyelA sUbA gujarAtamAM rAjya karavA AvatAM. akabaranA vyavasthita rAjya dezamAM zAti sthApI ane sAdhAraNa vastunI avarajavara upara levAtA kara baMdha karyo. AthI vyApArane ghaNuM uttejana maLyuM. A arasAmAM yurepanI prajAe dhIme dhIme vyApAra mATe hindamAM AvavA lAgI, ane musAphare paNa megala samrATonI jAhera jalAlInuM digdarzana karavA AvavA lAgyA. I. sa. 1588 mAM sIjhara ka nAmane musAphara lakhe che ke "meM najare na joyo heta te amadAvAdane ne khaMbhAtane ATale badhe vyApAra che ema huM kadI mAnata nahIM." akabaranA samayamAM ane jahAMgIranA rAjyanI zarUAtamAM khaMbhAtane rastA hIsalAmata na hovA chatAM, amadAvAdathI dara daza divase kiMmatI

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vyApAra ane vyavahAra [ 129 khaMbhAta jatAM sAmAnanAM bharelAM khasA gADAM paradeza caDhavA mATe ane tyAMthI nAnAM vahANe! mArakate dhare jatAM.1 i. sa. 1638 mAM menDelse amadAvAda viSe lakhe che ke tyAM vyApAranI sagavaDa khahu sArI hatI. dArUgALA, sIsuM, ne sureAkhArane vyApAra karavA mATe rAjyanI rajA levI paDatI, paNa khIjI vastuomAM vyApAra karavA mATe chUTa hatI. dareka gADA dITha 15 penI kara levAtA. vANIyAnA ADatIyA ne peDhIe ezIyAnA dareka bhAgamAM tema ja kAnsDa TInepalamAM hAvAthI vyApArI leAkAne huMDIyAmaNu saraLa ne kAyadAkAraka paDatuM.ra I. sa. 1666 mAM theveneA nAmane musAphara jaNAve che ke " amadAvAdamAM gaLAnI nikAza bahu sArI hatI. suM, khAMDa, jIrUM, lAkha, haraDe, AMbaLAM, AMbalI, az2INu, sureAkhAra ne madha vagere mAlanI ghaNI ja nikAza thatI. dilhI ane lAhArathI ghaNu kApaDa AvatuM. te uparAMta zaheramAM banelA sATIna, makhamala, TapheTA, mazarU, kInakhAba, vagere mAla paNuM bahAragAma jatA." menDelsA ane thevene khanne, sarakhejanI gaLI badhA karatAM sArI hatI, ema jaNAve che. vaLI menDelsa kahe che ke amadAvAdamAM rezamI gAlIcA ne chIMTa banAvavAnAM kArakhAnAM hatAM. TevanIyara nAmanA musAphara, amadAvAdamAM patAsAM sArAM banatAM ema jaNAve che. 1689 mAM suratanI musApharIe nIkaLelA musAphara evIMgaTana suratanI jAheAjalAlI viSe nIce pramANe lakhe che: "surata e mogala sAmrAjyanA AMtaraprAMtIya vyApAranI nikAsanuM mukhya khArUM hatuM. suratanI bajAramAM evI azruta cIjo AvatI ke kharIdanArane 1. Ahmedabad Gazetteer, Vol. IV, B. P. (1879); p. 88. p. 89. 1. 39 "D 3. Ahmedabad Gazetteer, Vol. IN; B. P., (1879); p 89.

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130 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna tene pharIthI naphA sAthe vecavAnuM mana thaI jAya. tApI nadImAM vahANa pharI zakatAM, tethI AyAta ne nikAza vyApArano mukhya mArga A nadI ja hatI. yuropathI ja nahIM paNa cAInA, irAna, arabastAna ane bIjA dUra dezomAMthI vividha jAtanA mAla vahANamAM A baMdare AvatA ne tenI samRddhimAM vadhAro karatA. tyAMnuM kIMmatI rezama, atalasa, gAlIcA, makhamala, sATIna. TepheTa vagere vakhaNAtuM. irAnanAM akhAtamAMthI sAcAM motI ahIM jaththAbaMdha AvatA ane tenI bajAramAM hIrA, mANeka, nIlama vagere kiMmatI patharo ghaNA jaththAmAM jevAmAM AvatA. suratanuM sonuM eTaluM zuddha hatuM ke tene yuropa lAvavAmAM Ave to 12 thI 14 TakA kamIzana maLe. tyAMnuM rUpuM paNa mekasIkana Delara karatAM caDhe tevuM hatuM A baMdare mAla TheTha AgrA, dilhI, bharUca ne amadAvAda vagere jagyAethI Avato, ne yuropa, turkastAna, arabaratAna, irAna ne aminIAnAM vyApArI prajAo temane jaththAbaMdha kharIdatI." bAdazAhI amalamAM vyApAranuM bAruM khaMbhAta baMdara hatuM, paNa megala samrAToe surata baMdarane pasaMdagI ApIne tenI khIlavaNa karI. megala rAjyanI zarUAtathI 17 mI sadInA pAchalA bhAga sudhI surata baMdaranI AbAdI pUrNa kaLAe hatI. mAtra vyApAranuM kendra khaMbhAta badalIne surata thayuM, paNa gujarAtano vyApAraudyoga mogala rAjyamAM cAlu ja rahyuM. gujarAtanI vyApAra prajA viSe evAMgaTana nAmano musAphara lakhe che ke vANIyA ke je jibI kAmamAM ghaNA jhaDapavALA ne kuzaLa hatA te badhI prajA karatAM vadhAre zrImaMta hatA. suratI suthAra eTalA kArIgarImAM huzIyAra ho ke game tevA paradezI vahANanI nakala uparathI taddana evAM ja vahA nAvatA.2 , 2. . Ovington, A Voyage to Surat in IC&S, 131-193. : Orington, A Voyage to Surat in 1889. y. 263-266.

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vyApAra ane vyavahAra [ 131 aMdaranA vyApAra suratanA khArAmAM javAthI amadAvAdanA vyApAranI mahattA kaMI echI thai nahIM. 17 mI sadInI zarUAtamAM sara TImasa hu lakhe che ke gujarAtanA pATanagaramAM dukAno sudhI ajane, attara, tejAnA, chIMTa, rezanI ane sutarAu kApaDa ane hinda tathA cInanI durlabha vastuethI bharapUra hatI. A dukAneAnA mAlIke karakasarIyA ane apavilAsI evA vANIyA hatA.'1 .khI 17 mI sadI sudhI amadAvAdanA balke AkhA gujarAtane vyApAraudyoga sArI hAlatamAM hatA. . sa. 1695 mAM jemIlI karerI nAmane khInne musAphara ema jaNAve che ke " amadAvAdanA kInakhAba venIsanA tevAM ja mAthI koi rIte utare tema na hatA.'ra t megala sAtrAjyanI zarUAtamAM eTale 16 mI sadInA aMta sudhI khAsA jaNAve che ke " dhAtrA kAThIyAvADanA nikAza vyApAranuM khArUM hatuM, temaja khInna dareA jevAM ke mAMgareALa ane porabaMdara auragajhebanA rAjyanA aMta sudhI sArI AbAdImAM hatAM.''3 A sAbIta kare che ke gujarAtane vyApAra megala samayamAM sArI hAlatamAM hatA. megala rAjyanA samayamAM dilhIthI nImAyelA sabhAe amadAvAdamAM rahetA ane rAkhaenI sUcanA pramANe prAMta upara rAnya karatA. AthI rAmenA jevuM rAjavAnI pratye satata dhyAna mAe ApI zakayA nahI hoya, chatAM prAMtanI samRddhi uparathI ema lAge che ke Azare deDhasA varganA meAgala rAjyanAM Azraya nIce gujarAta prAMtanI hojalAlI kAyama rahelI hAvI ne e. 1-2. Ahmedabad Gzetteer, Vi, I\; B. IP, (1879); Pp. 254-955. * 2 Kathiawar Gzetteer, Vol. VIII; B, P., (1884); p. 237.

Page #161
13ra ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna zrI. khuzAlacaMda zAha hindanA I. sa. 1100 thI 1700 sudhInA musalamAna samayanA vyApAra viSe nIce pramANe lakhe cheH "te vakhatanA pracalita cheraNa mujaba hindanA vyApAranI kiMmata AMkIe, ane te vakhatanA vyApAranI agavaDe paNa dhyAnamAM laIe to, bezaka te vyApAra kadamAM ane kiMmatamAM ghaNuM vadhAre he joIe. arvAcIna vyApAramAM je kAco mAla ane khorAkanI cIjo vadhAre pramANamAM nikAza thAya che, tene te vakhate sthAna na hovuM joIe. tene badale kadamAM nAnI, paNa kiMmatamAM moTI, evI mojazokhanI vastuo ke je hindanI jarUriAta karatAM vadhAre pramANamAM utpanna thatI te bahAra nikAza thatI hovI joIe. hAlanA jevI jakAtanI madada sivAya vaLI, te vakhatanI dezanI samRddhi uparathI kudaratI rIte khyAla AvI zake ke plInAnA dhAravA mujaba vyApAramAMthI ja hinda puSkaLa dhana meLaveluM. te vakhatane AkhA dezano vyApAra AyAta ane nikAla sahita rUA. pa0 karoDathI ochI nahIM; tema ja rUA. 100 karoDanI AsapAsa hoda joIe." gujarAtanA vyApAranI pravRttine paNa A uparathI khyAla AvI zake, kAraNa ke hindanA bIjA prAMta karatAM gujarAtano vyApAra che te nahIM ja hovo joIe. vyavahAra mATe te vakhate dhorI rastA hatA ke je rAjadhAnIthI bIjA prAMtanI hadamAM pahoMcatA. megala rAjya e lazakarI rAjya hovAthI teNe lazkaranI sagavaDa mATe paNa dhorI rastA baMdhAvelA hovA joIe. vadhArAmAM bAdazAhI amalamAM zarU thaelI patravyavahAranI goThavaNa megala samayamAM saMpUrNa rIte upayogamAM levAtIra ke jethI vyApArane vadhu anukULatA maLelI. : 1. K. T. Shuh. Trade, Transport & Tariff in lodia, p. 20 & 46. 2. K. T. Shah. Trade, Transport & Tariff in India, P. 67.

Page #162
vyApAra ane vyavahAra (4) marAThI rAjyane samaya (azAntinA kALa ) da. sa. 1707 mAM megala sAmrAjyanA parAkramI bAdazAha auraMgajhebanA avasAna pachI te rAjyanI paDatI beThI. tyAra pachInA lagabhaga AkhI sadIne! kALa meAgala rAjyanA chellA rAjAe nabaLA hovAthI ne marAThAenI caDhAie mAM azAnti ane avyavasthAmAM gayA. kudaratI rIte A samayamAM gujarAtanA, balke AkhA bhAratavarSanA vyApAra udyogane ghaNuM nukasAna thayuM. zrI. khullAlacaMda zAha kahe che tema megala rAjyanI saMpUrNa rAjakIya vyavasthAnI paDatI pachI (1707) jo rajapUtAnuM ke marAThAnuM ke paradezI prajAnuM rAjya tarata ja sthApavAmAM AvyuM hota te| je vyApAraudyogane nukazAna thayuM te thavA pAmyuM hata nahIM.1 AkhA dezamAM ja nahIM, paNa dezanI bahAra paNa yureApIyana ane Arae vacce ane yuropIyanAmAM mAMheAmAMhe darIAI vyApAranI harIphAIne lIdhe dezane darIyAI vyApAra sahIsalAmata na hateA. A ja arasAmAM khaMbhAta AgaLa darIyA pUrAI javAthI surata darIyAi vyApAranuM mathaka thayuM. AthI amadAvAdanA keTalAka vyApArIoe suratamAM peDhIo sthApI. A azAntinA samayamAM jAnamAlanA bhaya vadhatA gayA te vyApAra sAcAine zaherAmAM AvyA; paNa zaherAmAM ulaTu dANunA trAsa vadhyA. vyApAranA mArgo upara TheraThera dANanI cAkIe kheDI. I. sa. 1755 mAM pezvA ane gAyakavADe amadAvAda zaherane vaheMcI lIdhuM, tyAra pachI vastusthiti vadhAre bagaDI.2 dareka sattA prazna pAsethI game tema karIne paisA kaDhAvatI. aprAmANikapaNAne uttejana maLyuM. jakAta ane karaverA eTalA badhA vadhI gayA ke mAlanI kAcI avasthAthI taiyAra mAla baMdare pahoMce tyAM sudhI ghaNI vAra verA levAtA. phakta 1. K T. Shah, Trade, Transport & Tariff in India, [ 13 p. 48. 2. Ahmedabad Gazetteer, Vol. 1V., B. P. (1879)., p. 89.

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134 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna sarakAranA karaverA ApyA pachI paNa khAnagI amaladArone paNa dAna ApavuM paDatuM. evA saMjogomAM prAMtanA vyApAra upara karanA boja asahya thaI paDe temAM kAMI navAI nathI. i. sa. 1781 mAM jemsa phinse lakheluM che ke A zaheramAM eka vakhata dareka jAtanA vyApArI o, kalAkAre ne musApharo ubharAtA hatA. tyAM Aje garIbAI che, ane badhuM zUnyakAra lAge che.1 amadAvAda gejheTIyarane kartA jaNAve che ke 18 mI sadInA chevaTanA bhAgamAM khaMbhAtane darIAI vyApAra nahIM jevo hato. mukhya nikAsa mIThuM, kApaDa ane khetInI pedAza rahI hatI ane darIyAI vyApAra mAtra pazcimanA deze ane nIcenA kInArAnAM baMdaro sAthe jArI rahyo hato. bhAvanagara baMdaranI khIlavaNIne laIne kAThIyAvADamAM ghoghA baMdaranI paNa paDatI thavA mAMDI hatI. azAntikALanI vyApAra upara asara evI thayelI ke briTizanA gujarAtamAM AvyA pachI paNa gayelI vyApAranI samRddhine pharIthI khIlavatAM bahu vakhata lAge. I. sa. 1869 mAM bajesa nAmane musAphara amadAvAda viSe lakhe che ke "eka vakhata akhila bhAratavarSanAM bhavya zaheromAMnuM agra zahera ke jenAM parA vistAra Azare 27 mAIla hatuM, jenI paLe bhavya ane vyavasthita hatI, jenI aMdara suMdara masa, mahele, jharAo, dharmazALAo ane nyAyamaMdiro AvelAM hatAM, te pATanagaranI Aje paDatI dazA che. lagabhaga traNa sadI sudhI kaI rAjAe bAdazAhI amalanI mAphaka pharatA prAMtanA vyApArane uttejana ApyuM nathI; tema ja tethI ardhA kALa sudhI paNa keI sUbAe tenI pahelAnI samRddhine jALavI rAkhavA prayatna karyo nathI."3 2. Abmedabad Gazetteer, Vol IV., B. P. 1879, p. GO. 2. Ahmedabad Gazetteer, Vol. IV., B. P. (1879), pp. 91-99. 3. Burgess, A visit to Gujarat in 1869, p. 24-25.

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vyApAra ane vyavahAra [ 135 I. sa. 1818 mAM briTiza loke gujarAtanuM rAjya levAne saphaLa thayA tyAM sudhI, athavA lagabhaga relvenA samaya sudhI azAntine kALa gujarAtamAM rahyo. I. sa. 1818 pachI pati ane vyavasthA prAMtamAM dekhAvA lAgyA paNa relvenA AvyA pachI (1850-60 ! joIe tevo sudhAro thavA lAgyo. A azAntinA samayamAM jyAre marAThAonuM dhyAna cotha ugharAvavAmAM ja rokAyeluM hatuM, tyAre vyApAramAM ke vyavahAramAM sUbAoe rasa lIdhe hoya, e mAnavuM azakaya che. vyavahAranA mArgonI sthiti, Azare doDha sadInA azAntinA samayamAM, vyApAranA jevI badhe tethI vadhAre kharAba thaI hovI joIe. A samayamAM kAThIyAvADa viSe kaI jANavA maLatuM nathI, paNa tenI sthiti gujarAtanA jevI ja hovI joie. vyApAranAM lakSaNe gujarAtanA vyApAra ane vyavahAranI aitihAsika rUparekhA joyA pachI tenAM mukhya lakSaNo zAM hatAM te ApaNe jANavAM joIe. I. sa. nI zarUAta pahelAM paNa gujarAta vyApAraudyogamAM ghaNe AgaLa vadhelo hato. A prAcIna samayanA vyApAranuM mukhya lakSaNa e hatuM ke prAMtanI AyAta karatAM nikAza vadhAre hatI ane nikAzamAM taiyAra mAla ane kiMmatI mojazokhanI cIjo vadhAre pramANamAM hatI. bIjuM kAce mAla prAMtanA udyogomAM ja vaparAI javAthI tenI nikAza thatI nahIM. vividha musApharonAM varNanamAM rahA ane kAcA mAlanI nikAza vize kaMI mAlama paDatuM nathI, kAraNa ke kAco mAla sthAnika udyogonA vaparAzamAM Avate ane rahAnI te vakhate jarUra na hatI. trIjuM te vakhate AMtarapratIya vyApAra puSkaLa hato. vyavahAranI aDacaNa hovA chatAM A vyApAra sArI rIte khIlela hate. cothuM prAcIna baMdara punanikAsane vyApAra karatAM hovAthI sAre na

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136 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna meLavatAM. gujarAtane vyApAra TheTha siMhaladIpa, malAkA, AphrikA, arabastAna, IrAna sudhI hato. gujarAtanA prAcIna darIyAI vyApAranI jAhojalAlI uparathI saheja khyAla bAMdhI zakAya ke te vakhatanA gujarAtIo vahANavaTAmAM tathA nANAvaTAmAM AgaLa vadhelA hovA joie. 11 mI sadI sudhInA prAcIna vyApAra viSe zrI. khuzAlacaMda zAha kahe che ke "hindanI AyAta karatAM nikAza vadhAre hovAthI, kudaratI rIte vyApAranuM saravaiyuM hindanI tarapheNamAM hatuM. vaLI prAcIna hindu rAjAoe vyApArane vadhAravA mATe jakAtI kAyadA ghaDelA na hatA. tema ja AyAta ne nikAza baMne upara sarakhI rIte, phA AvakanI daSTithI ja jakAta verA nAMkhavAmAM AvatA.1 gujarAtanA prAcIna ane arvAcIna vyApAramAM zo taphAvata che, tathA baMnemAMthI rAjA ane raiyatane keTale aMze lAbhAlAbha thayA hatA athavA thAya che, te AthI samajavuM agharuM nathI. gujarAtamAM svataMtra hindu rAjyanA udaya pachI, madhyAhane sUrya ugyo. rajapUta rAjAoe Azare pAMca sadI sudhI rAjya karyuM. te arasAmAM vyApAraudyoga khIlyA. baMdaranA mArge nikAza ane AyAta vyApAra vadhavA mAMDe. prAMtamAM sonuM ne kiMmatI cIjo jaththAbaMdha AvatAM. rAjAonA ghaNAkharA amAtyo paNa vyApAramAM rasa letA, tethI prAMtanuM vahANavaTuM ane nANAvaTuM vadhavA lAgyuM. TuMkAmAM te vakhatanA rAjAonI jAhojalAlInuM mULa kAraNa vyApAranI AbAdI sivAya kaMI na hatuM. nikAza vyApAramAM taiyAra mAla ane kiMmatI cIjo vadhAre pramANamAM jatAM, ane AyAta karatAM nikAza vyApAra ghaNe hato. hindu rAjyanA asta pachI bAdazAhI rAjyano tarata ja udaya 1. K. T. Shah, Trade, Transport & Tarift in India, pp. 21 & 21,

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vyApAra ane vyavahAra [ 137 thayA, tethI prAMtanA ekadara vyApArane bahu dAni thaI nahI, khAdazAheAnI rAjadhAnI ahilavADa badalAI ane amadAvAda thaI, paNadarIyAI vyApAranuM khArUM khaMbhAta ja rahyuM. kudaratI rIte uttaranA adheA vyApAra amadAvAdamAM Avye. gujarAtanA darIyAI vyApAra araastAna, irAna, AphrIkA vigere sthaLe vadhavA lAgyuM. khAda zAhI amalamAM musalamAna vyApArIne vadhAre uttejana maLeluM hovuM bheie. gujarAtI vahANAnA pIpaladhvaja AkhA pUrvanA mahAsAgaramAM pharakatA. hindu rAjAonI mAphaka bAdazAheA paNa kaLA, sthApatya vageremAM rasa letA, tema ja lepiyeAgI sAdhanA pUrAM pADatA, vyApAra mATe dhArI rastA paNa te vakhate sArA hatA ane bAdazAhAnA vakhatamAM ja patravyavahAranI vyavasthA zarU thaI hatI. prAcIna vyApAranA jevAM ja lakSaNe! NA bhAge A vyApAranAM hatAM. punanikAzane vyApAra paNa cAlu ja hatA. traNa sadInA bAdazAhI amala pachI meAgala rAjyanA udaya thayA, paNa meAgala rAjadhAnI dilhI rahevAthI amadAvAdanA sUbA vyApArapravRtti upara eTaluM badhuM dhyAna ApatA nahIM. chatAM vyApAraudyoga cAlu rahyo, paNa khaMbhAta baMdarane badale surata darIyAi vyApAranuM khArUM thayuM. Azare doDhasA varSanA meAgalanA amalamAM pahelAnAM rAjyeA jevI jAheojalAlI nahIM vadhI hAya, paNa aaucIna vyApAranAM lakSaNe! jevAM mAgala samayanA vyApAranAM lakSaNA na hatAM. cyA pachI azAntine kALa zarU thayA ane marAThAnI caDhAithI temaja sAmAnya avyavasthAthI gujarAtamAM relve AvI tyAM sudhI vyApAra ane vyavahAranI sthiti sudharI nahIM. ::

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praNa 7 yuM. arvAcIna samayane vyApAra aMgrejI rAjyanI zarUAtanI sthiti 17 mI sadInI zarUAtamAM aMgrejo gujarAtamAM vyApAra mATe AvelA ne surata khadare kADhI nAMkhelI. I. sa. 1608 thI 1687 sudhI surata aMgrejonuM pazcima hindanA vyApAranuM mathaka hatuM. tyAra pachI marAThAnI caDhAIthI tathA tApI nadI mukha AgaLa pUrAi javAthI tathA mogala sattAdhIzeAnA ApakhudI amalane lIdhe aMgrejo e muMbai baMdarane pasaMda karyuM. amadAvAdamAM paNa te ja arasAmAM aMgrejoe kADhI nAMkhelI. a MgrejI elacI sara TAmasa ! jyAre jahAMgIra pAse gujarAtamAM vyApAra karavA mATe hakka meLavavA AvelA tyAre te sabaMdhI kAlakarAra i. sa. 1618 mAM amadAvAdamAM thayelA, ema gujarAtanA pATanagarane kartA jaNAve che. tyArabAda lagabhaga AkhI 18 mI sadI ( . sa. 1707-1818 ) arthAnta ane avyavasthAmAM javAthI a Mgrejone sthira thavAnI taka na maLI. i. sa. 1818 pachI gujarAtamAM aMgrejI rAjyanA sUnA udaya thayA, ane tenI sAthe satra zAnti ne vyavasthA prasarI. prAMtanA vyApAraudyogane 1. Ovington, A voyage to Sirat in 1689, p. 129. 2. Ahmedabad Gazetteer, Vol, IV. B. P., (181)., p. 93,

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arvAcIna samayano vyApAra [ 138 pharIthI khIlavAnI taka maLI. zAnti ne vizvAsathI lokonI naisargika vyApArI zakti pAchI ThekANe AvavA lAgI. aMdagInI khAsa. jarUrIe tanI vastuo uparanA kara baMdha thayA. jakAtarA je 15 TakA upara hatA te ghaTADIne 5 TakA karavAmAM AvyA. uttara hindane raste pharIthI khullo mukAye ane vaNajhArA aneka tarehanA mAla. ghaMTa, piThIyA vagere upara lAdIne avarajavara karavA lAgyA. ghaNA nAsI gayelA vyApArIo ane kArIgare zaheramAM pharIthI AvIne vasavA lAgyA. zaheranI laDAyaka jAto nokarI mATe bahAra javAlAgI. chatAM ekaMdare zaheranI vastI vadhI.1 ekalA amadAvAdamAM ja nahIM, babbe AkhA gujarAtamAM vastusthiti badalavA lAgI. amadAvAda jIllo A arasAmAM aMgrejI amaladAronAM gejheTIyare uparathI. ApaNane prAMtIya vyApArapravRtti viSe cokkasa khabara maLI zake che. tene ApaNe vigatavAra tapAsIzuM. amadAvAda jIllAmAM kaMpanI sarakAre dholerA baMdarane khIlavavAmAM puSkaLa madada karI hatI. A baMdara ghauM ane rU nI nikAsanuM mukhya bAruM thayuM, ane AntaraprAMtIya vyApAranuM kendrasthAna vIramagAma thayuM. TheTha uttaramAM mAravADanA pAlI zahera ane rajapUtAnAnA jalavada zahera sudhI teno vyApAra vadhavA lAgyo. dholerA, bhAvanagara ane ghoghA baMdaranA vyApArane panAruM agra mathaka have viramagAma thayuM. ahIM rezama, mAkhaNa, goLa, visanagara ane rAdhanapuranA raMga vagerethI lAdelAM UMTa ane kacchathI mAla bharelAM gADAM ane pATaNathI dANAnAM gADAM AvavA lAgyAM. A rIte AkhA gujarAtanI vyApAranI pravRti jesabhera vadhavA lAgI. amadAvAda gejheTIyarane kartA jaNAve che ke amadAvAda ane dhoLakAnA 1. diveTIyAnuM gujarAtanuM pATanagara, pR. 88. 21 Ahmedabad Gazetteer, (1879), p. 92-03.

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140 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna vyApAramAM I. sa. 1831 thI 1850 sudhImAM ghaTADe che, ane viramagAme vyApAramAM ghaNI pragati karI. dholerAe pitAno vyApAra jAra rAkhe ane jodhAno vyApAra pADe zarU thayo. I. sa. 1851 thI 1870 sudhImAM A jIllAnA vyApAramAM agatyane phera thavA mAMDayo. 1860 mAM amadAvAdamAM balake AkhA gujarAtamAM pahelavahelI mIla thaI. 1864 mAM muMbaIthI amadAvAda sudhI relve AvI. A relve sAta varSa sudhI amadAvAda ja aTakatI. gujarAtanAM baMdarano vyApAra have re mAraphate zarU thaye. AkhA pazcima hindanuM baMdara muMbaI banyuM. have bAvana mAIla dUranA pitAnA baMdarane mUkIne amadAvAdane mAla muMbaI traNa mAIla cheTe javA lAgyo. * amadAvAda relvenuM kendra thavAthI lagabhaga AkhA gujarAtano vyApAra relve mAraphate thavA lAgyo. pelerA have anAjanI nikAsa karavAne badale AyAta karavA lAgyuM, kAraNa ke kheDA jIlAnI nikAza relave bhAraphate javA lAgI. I. sa. 1871 pachI bI. bI. enDa sI. AI. revenI zAkhAo gujarAtamAM vadhavA lAgI ane te sAthe prAMtane vyApAra vadhavA lAgyo. amadAvAda gejheTIyarana kartA jaNAve che ke relave thavAthI paracuraNaA vyApArane badale jaththAbaMdha vyApArane uttejana maLyuM. sAdhAraNa paNa sAhasika mANasone vyApAra karavAnI taka maLI. ghaNA mANasone rejInuM sAdhana thayuM, ane oraDAnI lakSmI have umarA upara AvavA lAgI. relvenA samaya pachI ja prAcIna vyApArathI tadana judAM arvAcIna vyApAranAM lakSaNe jaNAvA lAgyAM, tenuM pachIthI vivecana karIzuM. 1. Ahmedabad Gazetteer, (1879), p. 92-08. 2. ' , , p. 97. 2. Ahmedabad Gazetteer, (1879), pp. 105-106.

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arvAcIna samayane vyApAra [ 141 kheDA jale I. sa. 1803 mAM kheDA jIllAno vyApAra na hatuM. paNa I. sa. 1826 mAM vyApAra rU. 44 lAkha thayo ane hunnaranI banAvaTa Azare rUA. 17 lAkhanI thaI. I. sa. 1841 mAM kheDAthI paMcamahAlamAM elacI, tejAnA, pAna, kapura, kerI vagere mAla jAte. I. sa. 1861 pachI relve mAraphate kheDA jIllAne vyApAra sabheravadhavA lAgyo. te ja varSamAM kapaDavaMja zaheranI nikAza rUA. 23 lAkha ane AyAta rU. 3 lAkha hatI. A arasAmAM relve mAraphate rU, mAkhaNa, mahuDAM, anAja, tamAku, sAga vagere jIllAmAMthI nikAza thatAM ane kapAsIyA, dhAtu, goLa, khAMDa, kApaDa vagere jIllAmAM AvatAM. kheDA jIllAnuM carottara mAkhaNa ane tamAkunA vyApAranuM mukhya mathaka banyuM. TuMkAmAM A badhA pheraphAra relavenA samaya pachI vadhAre pramANamAM thavA lAgyA. kheDA jIllAne je mAla nikAsa mATe dholerA baMdare jo te have ghaNI saraLatAthI jIllAmAMthI pasAra thatI relve mAraphate muMbaI javA lAge. AthI gujarAtanAM baMdaranA vyApArane pUratuM poSaNa nahIM maLavAthI baMdaronI jevI tevI jAhera jalAlI hatI te paNa asta thavA lAgI. paMcamahAla jIla I. sa. 1855 sudhI A jIllAne vyApAra vaNajhArA lekakaratA. paMcamahAlane ghaNokhare vyApAra AMtaraprAMtIya hovAthI bhALavA ane gujarAtane vyApAra A mArge cAlu hatuM. A jIllAnA gejheTIyarane kattA lakhe che ke I. sa. 1867 pachI vyApAra dhamadhakAra vadhavA lAgyo. A jIllAnI mukhya nikAza sAga, anAja, maThAM, telIbIyAM, lAkaDA vagerenI hatI ane tamAku, mIThuM vagerenI 1. Kaira Gazetteer, Vol. III, B, P, (189), . 68-78,

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-142 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgALivajJAna AyAta hatI.' A jIllAmAM jaMgalanI pedAza mukhya hovAthI ane mukhya vastI bhIlanI hAvAthI hunnaraudyoganI banAvaTamAM vyApAra nahI jevA hatA, paNa mALavA ane gujarAtanI vacamAM A pradeza AvelA heAvAthI, anAyAse relvee tenA ekaMdara vyApAramAM vRddhi karelI hovI joie. surata jIllA i. sa. 1802 mAM surata jIllAnA khuzkI vyApAra sADAnava lAkha rUpIAnI kiMmataneA hateA. uttaramAM paMjAba, amadAvAda ane khAnadeza tathA dakSiNa sudhI suratanA vyApAra cAlate DAMganA jaMgalanA sAgane vyApAra darIyAmArge cAlatA. i. sa. 1825 mAM muMbai ane birAra vacce vyavahAra cAlu thavAthI suratanA vyApAranI paDatI thavA lAgI. jI. AI. pI. relve thavAthI tApI nadI mAraphate cAlate vyApAra paNa paDI bhAgye!. 4. sa. 1876 mAM tApInA mArge vyApAra sa za. 4 lAkhanA hatA. DAMgamAM sAgane vyApAra sArA cAlatA, ane I. sa. 1874 mAM Azare za. 6 lAkhanI nikAza thayelI. i. sa. 1860 pachI relve AvavAthI surata jIllAmAM vyApAra vadhavA lAgyA. I. sa. 1874 mAM relve mAraphate bahAranA vyApAra rUA. 67 lAkha ane aMdaranA vyApAra paNa ArAre rU!. 56 lAkhaneA hatA. darIyAbhAge vyApAra rU!. 51 lAkhaneA hateA, eTale darIyA ane jamInane bhAge eka dara vyApAra rUA. 165 lAkhanA hatA. I. sa. 1801-02 nA karatA, i. sa 1874 nA vyApAramAM ekadare 45 TakAne vadhArA thayelA.2 1. Panchmahal Gazetteer, Vol. II[, B. P. (189), pp.. 41-248, 2. Surat Gazcbeer, Vol. II, E. P. (1677), pp. 162-165.

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arvAcIna samayane vyApAra [ 143 surata jillAne jamIna vyApAra vadhavA lAge, paNa darIyAI . vyApAra dhIme dhIme ghaTavA lAge. i. sa. 1802 mAM darIyAne vyApAra rU. 99 lAkha ha, Isa. 1815 mAM . 1rapa lAkha thayela, I. sa. 1820 mAM pAcho rUA. 85 lAkha thayo, I. sa. 1830 mAM rU. 82 lAkha , I. sa. 1840 mAM rU. 74 lAkha thayA ane I. sa. 1875 mAM darIyAI vyApAra rUA. 51 lAkha thaI gaye. A vyApAranI paDatInuM mukhya kAraNa relve hatuM, paNa phreMca lekae suratanAM keTalAMka vahANono nAza karelo tathA muMbaImAM 3 TakA jakAta ane suratamAM 7 TakA jakAta hatI ethI, tathA yuropanI prajAonI mahemAhe spardhAmAM te vyApArane ghaNuM nukazAna thayuM. i. sa. 1876 mAM suratamAM surata, bilimerA, navasArI, valasADa vagere sAta baMdaroe vyApAra cAlato hato. tyAMthI anAja, kaThoLa, mahuDAMnAM phula, sAga, vAMsa vagerenI nikAsa thatI, ane khaMbhAtathI tamAku, bharUcathI rU, muMbAIthI lokhaMDa, govAthI nALIyera, kaMkaNathI DAMgara, dIvadamaNathI mAchalI vagere mAlanI tyAM AyAta thatI. I. sa. 1874-75 mAM 18.53 sarAsarI Tana vajananA Azare 1533 vahAze surata baMdare ane 187ra sarAsarI Tana vajananA Azare 206pa vahANo valasADa baMdare AvyAM hatAM. briTiza rAjyanI zarUAtanAM varSamAM baMdaronI paristhiti upara pramANe hatI. bharUca jIla prAcIna samayathI bharUca baMdara vyApAra udyogamAM AgaLa paDatuM hatuM, paNa suratanI jAhojalAlI vadhavAthI bharUcane badho vyApAra tyAM gayo. I. sa. 1815-16 mAM darIyAmArge bhane vyApAra Are rUA. ra7 lAkha hato, I. sa. 1847 mAM rU. 115 lAkha 1. Surat Gazztteer, Volll., B. , (1877), pp. 168-177 2. Erotch , , pp. 48-495

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144 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgAvijJAna thayelA, paNa pachIthI relve AvavAthI vyApAra ghaTavA lAgyA. i. sa. 1874 mAM A vyApAra Azare rUA. 9 lAkha thaI gayA. A jIllAnA vyApAra have relvemAge thavA lAgyA, ane bharUca baMdaranI agatya dhaTI gaI. muMbai aMdara thavAthI tema ja relve AvavAthI ekaluM bharUcaja nahi paNa AkhA gujarAtanAM khadarA paDI bhAgyAM. gujarAtanI ejansIo i. sa. 1818 mAM kacchanA vyApAra arabastAna ane dakSiNamAM malakhAra sudhI hatA. Azare 800 vaTANA 14 thI 180 Tana vajananAM vyApAra mATe kacchanA baMdare AvatAM. tyAMthI rU, mazarU, phaeNTakaDI, mAkhaNa vagere mAlanI nikAcha thatI ane seAnuM, hAthIdAMta zIgaDAM, nALIyera, anAja, sAga vagere mAla aMdara AvateA. I. sa. 1835 sudhI kacchanA vyApAra jhAMjhIbAra, arabastAna, irAna, sidha ane sIleAna sAthe hatA, paNa i. sa. 1879 mAM kAThIyAvADa, muMbai, siMdha, malakhAra, arabastAna sAthe kacchanA darIyAi vyApAra hatA. te ja varSomAM tenI mukhya nikAza khAjarI, cImaDa, rADha, rezama, chIMkaNI vagere mAlanI hatI ane AyAta dhauM, cekhA, vagere mAlanI hatI. mahIkAMThA eja nsIne vyApAra gujarAta ane mAravADanI sAthe hatA. tyAMthI cAmaDAMne sAmAna, raMgIna kApaDa, cappAM, madha, sAbu vagere amadAvAda ane vaDAdarA jatAM.1vaDeAdarA rAjyamAM i. sa. 1860 mAM pahelI reva thaI. tyArapachI rAjyanA vyApAra vadhavA lAgyA. i. sa. 1880 mAM tyAMnA darIyAI vyApAra pUrNA nadI para AvelA navasArI baMdare ane aMbikA nadI para AvelA bilimArA baMdare cAlatA hatA. pahelA baMdare Azare rU|. lAkhane vyApAra ane khIjA baMdare Azare 1. Cuch and Mahikantha Gazetteers, Vol. V, B. P. (1880), pp, 117-119 and 377.

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arvAcIna samayane vyApAra [ 145 . 96 lAkhane vyApAra hate. I. sa. 1879-80 mAM kAThIyAvADanAM baMdaronA vyApAranI kiMmata nIce pramANe hatIH bhAvanagara 443 TakA, mahuvA 156 TakA, verAvaLa 136 TakA, beDI 64 TakA, joDIyA 4.9 TakA, porabaMdara 3.7 TakA ne mAMgaroLa 2-9 TakA. te ja varSamAM aMgrejI, gAyakavADI, ne porTugIjha baMdare sivAya kAThIyAvADane darIyAmAge nikAza vyApAra rU. 16 lAkha ane AyAta vyApAra rU. 217 lAkhane hate. bhAvanagara, mahuvA, verAvaLa ane beDI anukrame e agatyanAM baMdaro hatAM. tyAMthI rU, senuM, rUpuM, Una vagere mAla jate ne anAja, kApaDa, khAMDa, sonuM vagere mAla Avato. briTiza rAjyanI zarUAtamAM, kAThIyAvADa, vaDodarA ane ejansIone upara pramANe vyApAra cAlato hate. hAlane jamInamArgane vyApAra jamInamArganA vyApAramAM relvee ghaNuM ja parivartana karyuM che. hAlanI vadhatI jatI moTaronI harIphaI chatAM lAMbI musApharImAM relve e ja vyApAranuM parama sAdhana che. gujarAtamAM keTalAMka audyogika sthaLAmAM moTara mAraphate vyApAra thAya che, paNa te relvenI sAthe sarakhAvatAM ghaNo ja zeDo che. relve darIyAI vyApAramAM vRddhi kare che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa AMtaraprAMtIya vyApArane paNa ghaNe phelAve kare che. bIjA deza karatAM ApaNe deza cokkasa ane niyamita AMkaDA taiyAra karavAmAM ghaNo pachAta che. dezanI ke prAMtanI sthiti jANavAne jeTalAM graMtha ane khabarapatrako bIjA dezomAM chapAya che teTalAM ApaNA dezamAM chapAtAM nathI. A muzkelIne laine ApaNA dezanI ke . Baroda Gazetteer, Vol. VII; B. P. (1883), pp. 148-152. 2. Kathiawar. Gazetteer, Vol. VIII; B. P. (1884),

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146 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna vibhAganI audyogika, Arthika ke vyApArI vastusthiti viSe kaMI cakkasa nirNaya karI zakAto nathI. I. sa. 1921-22 sudhI dareka prAMtamAM relve mAraphate te vyApAra" e nAmane eka riporTa chapAtuM hatuM, paNa te have baMdha thayo che. A agatyane riporTa zA mATe baMdha karavAmAM Avyo che te kaMI samajI zakAtuM nathI. hindanI Arthika sthiti tapAsavA mATe nImAyelI kamiTie paNa A khAmIne sakhata vakhoDI kADhI hatI. "muMbaI ilAkAnI relave bhAraphate te vyApAra" e nAmano riporTa ilAkAnA ATha vibhAga kare che. temAM muMbaI baMdarane jude vibhAga gaNavAmAM Avyo che. dareka vibhAgamAMthI bIjA IlAkAmAM ke prAMtamAM keTalo mAla nikAza thAya che, ane dareka vibhAgamAM keTalo mAla AyAta thAya che te vigatavAra vajanamAM batAvavAmAM AveluM che. te vakhatanA bhAvali pramANe ekaMdara vajana uparathI kiMmata jodhIne paNa kiMmatanA AMkaDA batAvelA che. gujarAta e jUde vibhAga gaNavAmAM Avela che. A. . . . . pariziSTamAM batAvelA AMkaDA mujaba . sa. 1921-22 mAM relve mAraphate gujarAtamAM Azare 225 lAkha maNa vajananA mAlanI AyAta thayelI. A mAla jUdA jUdA prAMtamAMthI relve mAraphate AyAta thayelo. sAthI agra naMbara bihAra ane orIssA prAMtane Ave che. te prAMtamAMthI Azare 90 lAkha maNa vajanane mAla Ave.' bIjA anukrame prAMti, madhyaprAMta ane bihAra, baMgALA, saMyukta prAMta, madhyahinda ane rajapUtAnA che. madrAsa, paMjAba, siMdha vagere vibhAga mAMthI AyAta thoDI hatI. AyAtanI mukhya cIra ane temanAM * vajane nIce pramANe tAM; gheTAM bakarAM 120 hajAra; kolasA ne keka 1 tAjetaramAM pharIthI tene chapAvavAnI pravRtti thaI che. 2. Report of the Rail-Porne Trade of the B. P. (1921-22),

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arvAcIna samayanA vyApAra [ 143 4139 hajAra maNa rU 294 hajAra mathu; anAja kaThoLa che. 3194 hajAra maNa; 1271 heAra maNu ArasapahANu patthara; khAMDa para0 hajAra maNa; cUne te cAka 212 hAr maNu; sAga 159 hajAra maNu; 45 hajAra maNa kothaLA; vAsa ityAdi 54 hajAra maNu; AyAta je prAMtAmAMthI thayelI che temAMnA mukhya sayuMktaprAMta, madhyaprAMta, bahAra ne orIssA ane rajapUtAnA che. riporTanA lekhaka jaNAve che ke ilAkAnI ekaMdara AyAtamAM, muMbaI aMdaranA jaNa3 TakA hatA ane gujarAta ane mahArASTra darekanA 20 TakA hatA. A uparathI dekhAze ke gujarAtane AyAta vyApAra khIjA vibhAga karatAM oche nathI. muMbai ilAkAnI ane gujarAtanI te viSe sarakhAmaNI nIcenA kATAmAM darzAvI che. nAma lAkA gujarAta kATA na. 3 (lAkhamAM) AyAta vyApAra maNamAM AyAta vyApAra rU|. mAM ilAkAnA TakA *56 225 78*45 1790 x ......... 23 TakA gujarAtane nikAza vyApAre te riporTa pramANe I.sa. 1921-22 mAM Azare 53 lAkha maNa vajanane hatA. sauthI prathama naMbara nikAzamAM saMyukta prAMta Ave che. te prAMtamAM Azare 14 3. Report Do. Pp. 38-19; 4. Report Do. Pp. ii and 19. x IlAkAnI ekaMdara kiMmata uparathI vajana pramANe gujarAtanI kiMmata kADhI che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 4. Report, Do. p. iii. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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148] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna lAkha vajanane mAla nikAza thayela.1 bIjA prAMta anukrame madhya prAMta, madhya hinda, rajapUtAnA, bihArane orIssA ane paMjAba Ave che. bAkInA vibhAgamAM gujarAtamAMthI nikAza thoDA pramANamAM hatI. nikAzanI mukhya cIjo ane tenAM vajana A pramANe hatAM. mIThuM 268 hajAra maNa; dezI kApaDa 975 hajAra maNa; dezI sUtara 233 hajAra maNa rU. 28 hajAra maNa; dareka jAtanuM anAja pa07 hajAra maNa; ArasapahANa 107 hajAra maNa magaphaLI 80 hajAra maNa; kheALa 30 hajAra maNa; ane tamAku 283 hajAra maNa riporTane kartA jaNAve che ke ilAkAne nikAza vyApAra sane 1920-21 karatAM bIjA varSamAM vajana pramANe 14 lAkha maNa ne kiMmata pramANe rUA. 31 lAkha ghaTayo. te ja sAlamAM muMbaI baMdaranA kula nikAza vyApAranA 57 TakA hatA, ane gujarAtane phakata 17 Taka hatA. A uparathI jaNAze ke gujarAtane relve mAraphate nikAla vyApAra, AyAta vyApAra karatAM ghaNo ocho che. ilAkAnI ane te prAMtanI sarakhAmaNuM nIcenA koThAmAM batAvI che. keTho naM. 4 (lAkhamAM) nikAza vyApAra nikAza vyApAra, - maNamAM. T rU. mAM. nAma. ilAkAnA TakA ilAke 8003 gujarAta ! 53 ] 1351 4 17 TakA 1. Report. Rril-Borue Trade of the B. P. (1921-22), p. 35. - 2. Report, Do. pp. 20-36; 3. Report, Do. p. V. * Report, Do. pp ii and 35. 4 ilAkAnI ekaMdara kiMmata uparathI vajana pramANe gujarAtanI kiMmata kADhI che kiMmata upara kadAca vizvAsa rAkhI na zakAya te vajananI sarakhAmaNa ApelI che. riporTamAM kitanA AMkaDA vibhAgavAra, nA batAvelA nathI.

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arvAcIna samayane vyApAra [ 149 IlAkAnA ATha vibhAganI vacce re mAraphate te vyApAra Azare 144 lAkha maNa hate. A ATha vibhAgamAM muMbaI baMdaranI sAthe gujarAtano vyApAra te ja varSamAM 75 TakA karatAM vadhAre hato. (1ra3 lAkha maNa). uttara mahArASTra ne kaNa sAthe AyAta vyApAra anukrame 9 ne 6 lAkha maNa hato. bAkInA vibhAgo sAthe tethI ocho vyApAra hate. IlAkAnA vibhAgamAMthI gujarAtamAM AyAta karelo mAla nIce pramANe hate; kolasA ne keka 3811 hajAra maNa; anAja 3349 hajAra maNa; dhAtu, lokhaMDano sAmAna I. 1458 hajAra maNa, khAMDa 1353 hajAra maNa; dareka jAtanAM tela 701 hajAra maNu; rU ane taiyAra kApaDa 458 hajAra maNa; lAkaDAM 591 hajAra maNa. riporTane karo jaNAve che ke IlAkAne bAphIne vibhAga ane muMbaI baMdara vacce 79 TakA vyApAra hatuM, ane bAkIne 21 TakA vyApAra judA judA vibhAgonI mAMhomAMhe hato. A uparathI mAlama paDaze ke gujarAtane mukhya vyApAra muMbaI aMdaranI sAthe che. lagabhaga darIyAI mArge AvatI sarva vastuonI gujarAtamAM AyAta A baMdarethI thAya che; ane nikAzanI cIjo paNa e baMdarethI bahAra jAya che. IlAkAnA AMtaraprAMtIya vyApAra ane gujarAtanA teja vyApAranI sarakhAmaNI nIcenA koThAmAM darzAvI che. ke na. 5 (lAkhamAM) AMtarIka nAma AyAta vyApAra | AyAta vyApAra ilAkAnA TakA maNamAM 1 rUA. mAM IlAke 8119 - - gujarAta | 144 1491 x | 18 TakA 2. Report, Rail-Born Trade of the B. P. (1921-22) p. 52. 2. Report, Do. pp. 87-52; 3. Report, Do. p. vi 4. Report, Do. pp. ii & 52, * ilAkAnI ekaMdara kiMmata uparathI vajana pramANe gujarAtanI kiMmata gaNelI che.

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150 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgALavijJAna gujarAtanA vyApAra (relve mAraphate) nihALyA pachI have gujarAtanI hadanI aMdara AvelI relve mAraphate keTalA vyApAra cAle che te tapAsIe. gujarAtanI mukhya relvezAkhAe! ke jene viSe cekasa AMkaDA maLI zake che tenI mAraphate keTalA mAlanI avarajavara thAya che te, ane temAMthI maLatI Avaka nIcenA koThAmAM1 batAvelAM che. kAThA naM. 6 relvenuM nAma relve tAIvelI gAyakavADa hesANA gAyakavADa peTalAda amadAvAda prAMtIja cAMpAnera zIvarAjapura pIpalADa devagaDha ArIyA dhrAMgadhrA sTeTa tArApura khaMbhAta rAjapIpaLA sTeTa naDIAda kapaDavaMja gAdharA luNAvADA ,, ,, .. "" .. "" ,, 39 ,, 32 avara javara thayelA mAlanu TanamAM vajana 3204 3240 1141 1515 540 45 403 388 350 243 138 ( hajAramAM ) relvene maLelI temAMthI Avaka=i. sa. 1931-22 rUA. 12,84 6,58 1,57 3,26 hara 61 80 40 93 79 36 11,627 28,86 gujarAtamAM AvelI keTalIka nAnI zAkhAonA tathA vaDeAdarA rAjyanI zAkhAonA tathA khI. khI. enDa sI. AI. relvenA mukhya mArganA AMkaDA uparanA koThAmAM ApelA nathI. tema ja kAThIyAvADanI relvenA AMkaDA paNa nathI ApelA A badhI relvenA 1. Collected from History of Indian Railways (Government Publication.)

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arvAcIna samayane vyApAra [ 11 AMkaDA maLI zake teA lagabhaga AthI dazagaNA upara AMkaDA thAya. uparanA AMkaDA uparathI mAlama paDaze ke gujarAtanI mukhya relve zAkhAe vyavahAramAM sAre kALA Ape che. gujarAtanI mukhya relve zAkhAo upara I. sa. 1931-32 mAM Azare 12 lAkha Tana athavA 650 maNa vajanane mAtra avarajavara thayelA ane relvene temAMthI Azare za. ra9 lAkhanI Avaka thayelI. tApTIvelI, gAyakavADa mhesANA ane peTalAda ane amadAvAda prAMtIja relvee temAM mukhya che. A mAlamAM relvene upayAgI sAmAnanA tathA lazkarI sAmAna vagerene samAveza thAya che. A AMkaDA jo ke tAnta che, paNa tenI upara kaMI AdhAra rAkhI zakAya nahIM. phakta gujarAtanI mukhya relve ane zAkhAo mAraphate keTalA mAlanI avarajavara thAya che tene saheja khyAla AvI zakaze. i. sa. 1921-22 mAM bahAra paDelA ilAkAnA riporTa jaNAve che ke ilAkAnA relve bhArate thayelA kula vyApAra (bahAranA prAMta sAthenA vyApAra tathA ilAkAnA vibhAge'nI aMdaroaMdaranA vyApAra) Azare rUA. 240 karADa hatA. te AdhAre gujarAtanA eka Mdara vyApAranA vajana uparathI (Azare 422 lAkha maNa) kiMmata gaNIye te Azare rUA. 46 karADanI cAya che. A uparathI samajAze ke vyavahAra e vyApAranu parama sAdhana che. relve mAraphate gujarAtamAM ghaNe! vyApAra cAle che. 4. sa. 1921-22 pachI relvemAM paNa vadhArA thayA hAvA nee, ane hAlanI Arthika ane vyApArI nabaLAInI mAlanI kiMmata upara thayelI asara dhyAnamAM laie te paNu i. sa. 1932-33 nA aMdAja '. sa. 1921-22 nA karatAM Ache te nahIM ja thAya. vyApAranuM jIvana vyavahAra ane vyavahAranuM jIvana vyApAra che. vyavahAra vadhavAthI vyApAramAM cesa pheraphAra thAya che. 1. Report, Rail-Borne Trade of the B. P. (1921-22), p. ii.

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15ra ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna darIyAI kinArAno arvAcIna vyApAra aMgrejI samayanI pUrve gujarAtanAM baMdarone vyApAra ke hato, te viSe ApaNe vivecane karI gayA. relvenA AvavAthI ane muMbaI baMdara ughaDavAthI gujarAtanAM baMdare paDI bhAgyAM che. atyAre. A baMdarono vyApAra mAtra darIyA kinArA uparanA pradezo sAthe rahyA che ane je mAlanI avarajavara thAya che te eTale badhe kiMmatI nathI. gujarAtanA hAlanAM mukhya baMdaro dholerA, ghoghA, valasADa, surata, damaNa, bharUca, jabusara ane khaMbhAta che. pariziSTamAM A baMdarono AyAta ane nikAza vyApAra i. sa. 1911-12 thI I. sa. 1921-22 sudhI batAvelo che. te uparathI dareka baMdaranI agatya ane vyApAramAM thatI dara varSe vadhaghaTanI khabara paDaze. nIcenA koThAmAM I. sa. 1921-22 mAM gujarAtanAM baMdare mAraphate thayela vyApAra darzAvyo che. ke naM. 7 (hajAramAM) baMdaranuM nAma AyAta kula rUA. bharUca surata valasADa ghoghA dholerA khaMbhAta jaMbusara damaNa 2473 1972 858 206 261 446 214 113 nikAza za. 1264 808 1799 410 377 2780 2657 616 550 536 238 289 24 202 || 6,543 , 4,773 7 11,316 ?. Gazetteers (1926 to 1927): Ahmedabad, (p. IV); . Surat and Broach, (p. II and p. 63); Cambay, (p. 50).

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arvAcIna samayane vyApAra | [ 153 mULa gujarAtanAM baMdarone ekaMdara vyApAra Azare rUA. 113 lAkha hato. I. sa. 1921-22 pachInAM gejheTIyare haju taiyAra nahIM thavAthI ApaNane tAjA AMkaDA maLI zakatA nathI. te ja varSamAM (I. sa. 1921-22) relve mAraphate thayelA vyApAra sAthe sarakhAvatAM darIyAI vyApArano khyAla Avaze. A baMdaramAM kAThIyAvADanAM baMdaro ke je atyAre sArI hAlatamAM che, temane gaNelAM nathI. I. sa. 1921-22 mAM kAThIyAvADanAM baMdare atyAre khIlelAM che teTalAM khIlelAM nahIM hoya. kAThIyAvADa gejheTIyarane katAM I. sa. 1910-11 nI gaNatrI pramANe bhAvanagara, soraTha, navAnagara ane morabI e baMdarAne kula vyApAra Azare rU. 627 lAkha jaNAve che. te ja AMkaDAne i. sa. 1921-22mAM gaNue te AkhA gujarAtanAM mukhya baMdarono vyApAra Azare rUA. 740 lAkha thAya. nIcenA kaThora uparathI relve ane baMdaranA vyApAranI sarakhAmaNI mAlama paDaze. kaTho naM. 8 (karoDamAM) vibhAga ke IlAke baMdarane ekaMdara | relave mAraphate ekaMdara - vyApAra rUA. ! vyApAra rUA. IlAke 240 gujarAta 11 1. Kathiawar Gaz. (1914), p. 38, 2. Report, RailBorne Trade of the B. P. (1921-22), p. II. * "muMbaI ilAkAne darIyAI vyApAra" e nAmane i. sa. 121-22 nI sAlane riporTa jaNAve che ke te ja varSamAM kAThIAvADanAM baMdare ane muMbaI baMdara vacceno vyApAra Azare rU. 10 karoDano hato. eTale

Page #183
154 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgAvijJAna A AMkaDA uparathI mAlama paDaze ke ilAkAneA athavA gujarAtane darIyAi vyApAra relvenA vyApAra AgaLa kaMI ja nathI. IlAkAnAM dareAmAMthI muMbai ane karAMcI bAda karIe to IlAkAne darIyAi kinArAnA vyApAra paNa relvenA vyApAra karatAM ghaNe! ja AThe thaI jAya. muMbai ilAkAnI ekIMga kamiTinA riporTa jaNAve che ke "jo ke vyApAra viSe cAkkasa khakharA maLI zakatI nathI te paNa IlAkAnA AMtaraprAMtIya vyApAra ekaMdara darIyAi vyApAranA (kAMDAneA ne bahArane) karatAM kadamAM dhaNA ja vadhAre hovA joie.''3 muMbai ilAkAne darIyAi kinArA AgaLa cAlatA vyApAra pariziSTamAM tAnyeA che. IlAkAnA darIyAi kinArAnA vyApAra '" e nAmane ripoTa ilAkAnA khAlasA vibhAganAM khaMdarezanA pAMca vibhAga pADe che. dAkhalA tarIke kAnaDA, ratnAgIrI, UraNa, thANA, ane surata, tema ja kAThIyAvADa, kaccha, gAvA vagere adA sAthenA vyApAra jUdA batAve che. AmAMthI surata vibhAga ane kAThIyAvADanA jUThThA AMkaDA gaNIe to gujarAtanA darIyAi kinArAnA vyApArane sAdhAraNa rIte khyAla AvI zake. nIcenA kAThImAM i. sa. 1921-22 ane I. sa. 1931-32 nA AMkaDA batAvavAmAM AvyA che. gujarAtane eka Mdara vyApAra Azare rUA. 11 karoDa (I. sa. 1921-22) dhArI zakAya. Vide Roport of the Sea-Borne Trade of the B. P. (1921-22), p. 30. 3. Report, Bombay Banking Enquiry Committee, Vol. 1, p. 20. 4. Report of the Sea-Borne Trade of the B. P. (1921-22), pp. 30-32. & (1931-32), pp. 56-63,

Page #184
avaoNcIna samayano vyApAra [ 15 chA ! kula keDe naM. 9 : (lAkhamAM) 1921-22 | | 1931-32 nAma | AyAta nikAza kula AyAta sarata vibhAga rU. rU. | rUA. ganAM baMdare hindanAM sarva baMdaro sAthe) 56 ! 47 | 10 kAThIyAvADanAM baMdara (muMbaI baMdara sAthe) 479 | 554 1033 232 353 585 | kula 535 | 601 1136 284 | 446 | 730 | surata vibhAganAM baMdare vyApAra ilAkAnAM briTiza baMdare sAthe (I. sa. 1931-32 mAM) Azare rU. 94 lAkha hatuM, ane Ane moTo bhAga muMbaI baMdara sAthe hato. A uparathI sAbIta thAya che ke gujarAtanAM baMdarone vyApAra mukhyatve karIne muMbaI baMdara sAthe che. muMbaI baMdare kAcI vastuo jevI ke rU, anAja, kaThoLa, bIyAM, vagere tyAMthI Ave che ne muMbaI baMdaramAMthI dezI ane paradezI sutarAu kApaDa, cokhA, khAMDa vagere tyAM jAya che. te ja varSamAM kinArAne vyApAra bIjA deze sAthe nahi je hati. kAThIyAvADane muMbaI sAthe vyApAra ghaTayo che, paNa surata vibhAgane kAMThAne ekaMdara vyApAra vadhyo che ane ratnAgIrI vibhAga bAda karIe te suratavibhAganA kAMThAne vyApAra bIjA vibhAga karatAM vadhAre che. kAThIyAvADanAM baMdarone vyApAra kAThIyAvADanAM baMdarone je lAbha maLe che te gujarAtanAM baMdarone maLatuM nathI. A baMdare dezI rAjAonA amala taLe hevAthI temanI sthiti gujarAtanAM baMdaro jevI thavA pAmI nathI. i. sa.

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156 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna 1910-11 mAM kAThIyAvADa gejheTIyarane kartA baMdarane vyApAra nIce pramANe jaNAve che. ke naM. 10 (lAkhamAM) baMdaranuM nAma AyAta rUA. nikAza . kula za. bhAvanagaranAM baMdare 143 191 334 183 soraThanAM baMdaro navAnagara ane merabI 61 48 109 { ra99 | 3ra7 | 626 A uparathI jaNAze ke kAThIyAvADatAM baMdarane vyApAra te varSamAM Azare rUA. 6 karoDa hatuM. AyAta karatAM nikAsa vadhAre hatI. A baMdaremAM bhAvanagara baMdara sauthI AgaLa paDatuM hatuM. "IlAkAnA darIyAI kinArAne vyApAra " e nAmano riporTa (I.sa. 1921-22) lakhe che ke kAThIyAvADanAM baMdaro (gavA sivAya) ane muMbaI baMdara vacce Azare rUA. 10 karoDane vyApAra hato. eTale eka dazakAmAM kAThIyAvADanAM baMdarone vyApAra lagabhaga bamaNo thaye, kAraNa ke rU. 10 karoDamAM bIje hindanAM baMdaro sAthenA vyApArano samAveza thato nathI. I. sa. 1931-32 mAM te ja riporTa jaNAve che ke A vyApAra Azare rU. 6 karoDa hato. AnuM kAraNa e hovuM joIe ke kAThIyAvADanAM baMdare muMbaI sAthe vyApAra DA pramANamAM karatAM 2. Kathiawar Gazetteer, Vol. VIII, B. (1914), p. 38. 2. Report of the Sea-Borne Trade of the B. P., (1921-22), p. 86. pp. 56-58.

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arvAcIna samayanA vyApAra [ 157 hAvAM joie. lagabhaga paradezI ghaNAkharA mAla kAThIyAvADanAM baMdAe sIdhA Ave che; tethI muMbai baMdaranA vyApAramAM paNa ghaTADA thavA lAgyA che. 66 hamaNAM kAThIyAvADanAM khaMdarAnI harIphAi puSkaLa vadhI paDI che ane te mATe mu MbanI prajA ghaNI ja khaLabhaLI uThI che. TAimsa ek iMDIyA'' nAmanuM dainika patra jaNAve che ke i. sa. 1932 nA eprIlathI egasTa sudhInA pAMca mahInAmAM Azare rU!. 2 karoDanA ekadara mAla kAThIyAvADanAM baMdarezamAM AvelA ane i. sa. 1931 nA te ja gALAmAM Azare rUA. 73 lAkhane! mAtra AyAta thayelA. eTale lagabhaga 176.40 TakAnA vadhArA thayA. A vadhArAnu mukhya kAraNa bhAvanagara baMdara hatuM ke jyAM Azare rUA. 138 lAkhanI vadhAre AyAta thayelI, ane pAbaMdaramAM Azare doDha lAkhanI AyAta vadhAre thayelI.1 navAnagara, vaDeAdarAnuM khadara, meArakhI, junAgaDha ane jApharAbAda vagere baMdarAnI AyAtamAM paNa vadhArA thayA hatA. bhAvanagara are mukhyatve karIne rUnI puSkaLa AyAta thayelI (lagabhaga rUA. 1 karoDa jeTalI). pariziSTamAM khatAvyA pramANe A AyAtamAM mukhyatve karIne rU, khAMDa, peAlAda, yAMtrika sAmAna, raMgavAnA sAmAna, sutarAu kApaDa, vagere vadhAre pramANamAM vhevAmAM Ave che. vilAyatathI kAMtavAne ane vATane yAMtrika sAmAna ane dareka jAtanuM sutarAu kApaDa tathA jApAnathI sutarAu kApaDa Ave che. A uparathI mAlama paDaze ke kAThIyAvADanAM khadarA khIjA dezA sAthe sIdhA vyApAra kare che, eTale muMbai baMdarane punani kAzanA vyApAra A thavA lAgyA che. te ja patranA taMtrI. kahe che tema muMbanI agatya tenA punaHnikAzanA vyApArane ame che, paNa mIna badAnI harIphAithI A vyApAra ghaTavA 66 1. Times of India, dated July 31, 1933;

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158] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna lAgyA cheane je myunisipAliTI rUnI nikAza para vadhAre jakAta nAMkhaze to muMbaI baMdaranI jAhojalAlIne ghaNuM ja hAni thaze."2 amadAvAdanI mIlo IjIpta ane pUrva AphrIkAnuM rU bhAvanagara dvArA maMgAve che, eTale muMbaIne rUparanI jakAta paNa ochI maLe che. kAThIyAvADanI harIphAIe AthI moTI muzkelI utpanna karI che. hindanAM dezI rAjyone mATe nImAyelI kamiTi lakhe che ke "dezI rAjyane varatInA pramANa karatAM baMdaromAMthI vadhAre Avaka maLe che ne te Avaka teo potAnAM baMdaronI khIlavaNamAM kharce che." AthI kAThIyAvADanA baMdare darIyAI vyApAramAM AgaLa paDate bhAga le che. arvAcIna vyApAranI vyavasthA cokakasa khabarenA abhAve gujarAtane vyApAra kevI rIte vyavasthita thayelo che te kahI zakAya nahIM. sAdhAraNa rIte dareka jAtanA vyApArane mATe jUdAM maMDaLa hoya che. maMDaLanA kAyadA tenA sabhyone lAgu paDe che. dareka maMDaLa ke mahAjana bhAva nakkI kare che, rajAo ke haDatALe paLAve che, aMdaroaMdaranI takarAra patAve che ane sAdhAraNa rIte pitAnA vyApAranuM hita vadhe tevA prayatna kare che. sAmAnya rIte AvAM mahAjane moTAM zahero ke audyogika sthaLoe AvelAM hoya che. A mahAjane haju nAnA pAyA para racelA, sthAnika ane avyavasthita che. pazcimanA dezonI mAphaka teo sArI rIte saMgaThIta ane prabhAvavALA nathI. vaLI vyApArane mATe joItAM nANuM zarAphe ke zAhukAro pUrAM pADe che. huMDIthI ekabIjAnuM leNudeNuM 2. Times of India, July 27, 1933. 3. Times of India dated August 14, 1933. pariziSTamAM I. sa. 1931-3ra ane i. sa. 1932-33 nA ekara ADA ApelA che. te uparathI kAThIyAvADanAM baMdarane paradeza sAthe vadhelo vyApAra tathA muMbaI baMdara sAthe vadhatI jatI harIphAIne saMpUrNa khyAla Avato.

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arvAcIna samayanA vyApAra [ 159 patAvAya che. gujarAtamAM zarAphe ja paisAnI levaDadevaDa temaja huDInA vyavahAra kare che. " muMbaI ilAkAnI zarAI peDhIe "nI sthiti tapAsavAne nImAyelI kamiTi jaNAve che ke " dareka agatyanA vyApA ranI pravRttinA sthaLe mAlanI avarajavara ke AyAnikAza mATe dareka jAtanA vyApArIo, zarAphI ke zAhukArA pAsethI nANAMnI madada meLave che. ''1 arvAcIna samayanI ekA hajI gujarAtamAM sarva sthaLe jovAmAM AvatI nathI. kkta amadAvAda, surata, bharUca, gAdharA, naDI yAda, dAhoda, kAleAla, AmAda, vAgarA, aMkalezvara, cIkhalI ane valasADamAM beMkanI zAkhAe AvelI che. chellAM sAta zaherAmAM sadgu kArI enkA' che.2 vaDAdarA ane kAThIyAvADamAM paNa koi koi jagyAe AvI ekA che. AmAMnI meDI meM kA kkta meTA zarAphI ke sArI AbarUvALA vyApArIone nANAMnI jarUrIAte pUrI pADe che; paNa vyApArIone meTA bhAga tA zarAphI upara ja AdhAra rAkhe che. gujarAtane svataMtra darIyAi vyApAra nahIM. hAvAthI dezI vANA ane vImA kaMpanInI sagavaDa paNa ochI rahe che. darIyAkinArAne vyApAra paNa paradezI vaDANA calAve che. chatAM gujarAtanA jamInabhAganA vyApAra dhaNe bhAge gujarAtI vyApArIonA hAthamAM che. sAhasika gujarAtI vyApArIe dareka sthaLe jovAmAM Ave che ane tyAMnA vyApAramAM utsApUrvaka bhAga che. arvAcIna vyApAranAM lakSaNA hindanA acIna vyApAranuM mukhya lakSaNa e che ke AyAtamAM hunnaraudyoganI banAvaTeza paradezathI puSkaLa Ave che ane nikAzamAM t. Report of the Bombay Banking Enquiry Committee. Vol I, p. 123. 2. Bauking Map of the Eombay Presidency in the above Report..

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160 ] gujarAtanu* prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUMgAvijJAna kAcI vastue puSkaLa jAya che. gujarAtamAM koI svataMtra baMdara nahI hAvAthI nikAza mATenA sa mAla muMbaI baMdare jAya che ane paradezathI AyAta thayelA mAla paNa muMbaithI gujarAtamAM jAya che, eTale sadhAraNa rIte IlAkAnA je vyApAranAM lakSaNA heAya te gujarAtanA hAvAM joie. nikAzanI taiyAra vastumAM kkta mIlanuM kApaDa pU ArmIkAnA ane anya dezamAM jAya che, AkI sarva nikAzamAM khArAkanI cIje ke kAcI vastuo jAya che. rU, ghauM, lAkaDAM, vagere mukhya cIne tyAMthI nikAza thAya che ane AyAtamAM paradezathI sutarAu ane rezamI kApaDa, yAMtrika sAmAna, khAMDa, khuda, kAlasA, gyAsatela ane davAo vagere Ave che. vaLI A AyAtanI cIjo paradezI vahANAmAM paradezI vyApArIo mAraphata AvavAthI ekaMdara AyAtanI kiMmata nikAza karatAM vadhAre thAya che. gujarAtanA vyApAra viSe jUdA AMkaDA maLI zake te AyAtanI kiMmata nikAzanA karatAM cAkkasa vadhAre thAya. vaLI punaHnikAzanA vyApAranuM mathaka muMbaI hovAthI jeTalo lAbha muMbainA vyApArIne maLe che teTalA gujarAtanA vyApArIne maLateA nathI. kAThIyAvADanAM khadarA svataMtra hovAthI mAla khAreAbAra AyAta thAya che ane nikAza paNa bhAreAAra thAya che. eTale mAla tyAM sastA paDatA haze, paNa gujarAta karatAM vyApAranAM lakSaNA jUdAM te nathI ja. tyAM paNa AyAta karatAM nikAza gheADI che. AyAtamAM kApaDa, yAMtrika sAmAna, khAMDa, ane meAjazeAkhanI cIjo Ave che ane nikAzamAM manAja, rU, te khIyAM vagere jAya che. punine kArAnA lAbha kADIyAvADanAM baidarane paNa nathI. A lakSaNA prAcIna vyApAranAM lakSaNA karatAM taddata ulamAM. che, eTale gujarAtanA ekaMdara vyApArane te kheATa hovI oIe, kAraNa ke uparanAM lakSaNAthI dezanA ke prAMtanA vyApAranuM saravaiyuM saravALe lAbhakAraka nIvaDatuM nathI. 1 rAtanA darIyAI vyApAra karatAM relve mAraphata thatA AMtaraprAMtIya bhASAra ghA agatyanA che. jo ke te viSe ApaNane tA

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arvAcIna samayane vyApAra [ 161 AMkaDA maLI zaktA nathI, paNa i. sa. 1921-22 mAM relve mAraphate thayelA vyApAranAM ne atyAranA vyApAranAM lakSaNamAM kai pheraphAra tho nahIM hoya. te vakhate relve mAraphate thayelI gujarAtanI AyAta nikAsa karatAM vadhAre hatI; jo ke IlAkanI AyAta nikAza karatAM ochI hatI. AyAtamAM kelasA, jAnavara, 2, sutara, raMga, davA, anAja, ArasapahANa, lokhaMDane sAmAna vagere mukhya hatAM ane nikAzanI mukhya cIje dezI kApaDa, kheLa, anAja, mIThuM, tamAku vagere hatI. baMgALA, bihAra ane orIssA, saMyukta prAMta ane madhyaprAMtamAMthI puSkaLa mAla AyAta thato; ane saMyukta prAMta, madhyaprAMta, madhyahinda ane rajapUtAnAmAM mAla nikAza thato. I. sa. 1921-rara nA AMkaDA batAve che ke te vakhate IlAkAnI aMdaranA vyApAramAM paNa gujarAtane hisso mahArASTranA (bijApura sati) karatAM che, paNa bIjA vibhAganA karatAM vadhAre ha. Isa. 1931-32 nI gaNatrI pramANe gujarAtanI mukhya relve mAraphate thayelI mAlanI avarajavara (pariziSTamAM batAvyA mujaba) uparathI paNa siddha thAya che ke ekaMdare relave mAraphate nikAza karatAM AyAta vadhAre thAya che. AnuM mukhya kAraNa e che ke gujarAta mukhyatve karIne bIjA prAMtamAMthI rU, anAja ane kolasA vadhAre pramANamAM AyAta kare che; paraMtu teTalA ja pramANamAM mIThA sivAya bIjI vastuo gujarAtamAMthI bIjA prAMtamAM jatI nathI. gujarAtamAM mIla udyoga khIlelo hovAthI tenuM kApaDa bIjA prAMtamAM jAya che kharuM, paNa moTA pramANamAM tenI nikAsa thatI nathI. chatAM ilAkAnA AMtaraprAMtIya vyApAramAM gujarAta pahele naMbare hovuM joIe. darIyAI vyApAranI khIlavaNano AdhAra svataMtra baMdara para che, eTale jyAM sudhI IlAkAnuM sarvoparI baMdara muMbaI raheze, tyAM sudhI gujarAtanAM baMdaro khIlaze nahIM. kAThIyAvADanAM rAjya je dhAre te kRtrima yojanAthI paNa baMdaronI khIlavaNI jArU rAkhI zake; bAkI hAla to relve ke meTara mAraphate A prAMtanA vyApArane khIlI zakavAne taka rahI che.

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prakaraNa 8 muM arvAcIna samayane vyavahAra agrejI rAjyanI zarUAtamAM vyavahAranI sthiti gujarAtamAM reve AvI tyAM sudhI jamInamArge vyavahAra sArI hAlatamAM na hatuM. kAcI saDako upara vaNajhArAo UMTa ke piDIyA upara mAla lAdIne eka jagyAethI bIje laI jatA. rastAmAM cAralUMTArAne bhaya puSkaLa hovAthI teone hathiyAre ane sainike rAkhavA paDatAM. temAM keTalIka vakhata lAMbI musApharImAM poThIyA marI javAthI mAlane paNa bagADa thate. comAsAmAM jamInamArga lagabhaga baMdha rahe, kAraNa ke nadI upara pUlanAM sAdhana na hovAthI nadIne oLaMgavI muzkelI paDatI, tema ja rastAmAM mAlane saMbhALI zakAte nahIM. sane 1850 ne jAnyuArImAM lahausI gavarnara janarala muMbaI Avyo tyAre dezI ane paradezI vyApArIoe mAnapatra ApeluM ane temAM nIce pramANe ugAro kADhelAH mAhelA deza sAthe vyavahAra calAvavAnI rIti evI duHkha upajAvanArI che ke vAre ghaDIe ghaNIeka kiMmatI cIjone bajAra tathA gADI vagara khetaramAM nAza thAya che, ane je cIjo A baMdara khAte Ave che tenI kiMmatamAM ghaNo vadhAre thAya che, eTale ke koI vakhate base TakA sudhI te paNa ghaNokhare bhAga aMta AvI zakato nathI, ane bAkIne Ave che tenI jAtamAM haMmezAM ghaTADe thayela hoya che."1 gejheTIyaranA kartAe paNa jaNAve che ke gujarAtamAM hAlanA jevI saDako biskula na hatI. amadAvAda gejhIvara 1. AlapAIvALA, muMbaI IlAkAmAM loTAnI saDakanI jarUrIAto phAyadA (1853, 5. 34-35.

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arvAcIna samayane vyavahAra [ 163 no kartA lakhe che ke I. sa. 1850 pahelAM rastA nahIM jevA hatA, mAsAmAM puSkaLa muzkelI paDatI hatI. comAsAnA ane relanA vakhata sivAya bAkInA divasamAM pahoLAM paiDAMnA gADA mAraphate ke vaNajhArAnI piThe upara ke mAravADanAM UMTa upara vyavahAra cAlatA hata.2 surata gejheTIyarano kartA paNa lakhe che ke "I. sa. 1863 pahelAM rastAne sudhAravA mATe kaMI ja thayeluM na hatuM. AkhA jIllAmAM phakta 19 mAIla laMbAInA pAMca nAmanA rastA AvelA hatA. I. sa. 1876 mAM 315 mAIlanI laMbAInA 64 rastA hatA. tApI nadI uparane pUla paNa te vakhate pUre ha. dariyAmAge vyavahAra rAnAM vahANamAM tha, paNa muMbaI baMdara thavAthI 17mI sadImAM je vyApAra moTA pramANamAM thato te have baMdha thaI gayA. bharUcamAM I. sa. 1863 sudhI raratAo sArI hAlatamAM na hatA. relve thayA pahelAM bharUca ane TaMkArI sArI sthitimAM hatAM. jUdI jUdI jAtanAM vahANe jevAM ke machavA, paDAva, baTela, dava, DAMgI, koTIyuM, pATImAra vagere tyAM jovAmAM AvatAM. I. sa. 1820 mAM dehagAma, TaMkArI, deja, bharUca ane gaMdhAra baMdare vyApAra cAlato hato. I. sa. 1849 sudhI mALavAthI aphINa kArI baMdare AvatuM, paNa i. sa. 1861 mAM relave AvyA pachI baMdarane je te vyavahAra paNa paDI bhAgyo. i. sa. 1868 mAM bharUca ane ghoghAnI vacce AgaboTathI vyavahAra karavA prayatna paNa niSphaLa gayo.' i. sa. 1844 sudhI kheDAmAM zaherathI zeDhI nadInA lAkaDAnA pUla sivAya kiI sAre bAMdhelo rasto na hato. i. sa. 1878 mAM se mAIla laMbAInA 6 rastA baMdhAvelA hatA. i. sa. 1867 sudhI paMcamahAla 2. Ahmedabad Gazetteer, (1879); p. &1. 1. Surat Gaz (1877), pp. 129-160; 2. Broach Gaze 1871); 418-48.

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gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna mAM paNa jamInane vyavahAra sArI hAlatamAM na hatA. vaDodarAnA rAjyamAM phakta agatyanA jIllAnI TekarI pAsenA rastA bAda karatAM rastA evA kharAba hatA ke kUtarAne mAravA eke patthara paNa na maLato. i. sa. 1860 pachI dhIme dhIme rastA ne relvenI zAkhAo baMdhAvavA lAgI. darIyAkinArAne vyavahAra navasArI ane bilImerA baMdare sAre cAlato hato. kAThIyAvADamAM vyApArane mArga gheghAthI somanAtha ne dvArakA sudhI hatA. bIjA rastA jhiMjhuvADA ne pATaDIthI vaDhavANa, vIramagAmathI vaDhavANa ane dhaMdhukAthI vIramagAma e pramANe hatA. A rastA jaMgalamAM AvelA hovAthI ghaNA bhAge vyavahAra kinArAne mArge thato. i. sa. 1842 sudhI kinArA upara vyavahAranAM 62 bArAM hatAM." arvAcIna yAMtrika vyavahAranI agatya yAtrAe dezanA vANijyamAM jeTaluM parivartana kareluM che teTaluM bIjI kaI pravRttimAM kareluM nathI, e kahevuM kaMI atizayoktibhareluM nathI. udyogamAM, khetImAM vagere pravRttimAM yAMtrika zodhathI parivartana thayeluM hoya te tenuM mukhya kAraNa yAMtrika vyavahAra che. game teTalI udyogapravRtti ke vyApArapravRtti khIlelI hoya paNa vyavahAranAM sAdhanA abhAve teo pUrNa kaLAe kadi pahoMcatI nathI. yAMtrika vyavahArathI dareka dezamAM sArI rIte khIlI zake tevI udyoga ke khetInI pravRttine anupama uttejana maLeluM che. khetIpradhAna deze khetIne sArI rIte khIlavIne potAnI AbAdI vadhAre che. udyogapradhAna dezo pitAnA udyogane vadhArIne samRddhi meLave che. A pramANe dareka deza pitAnI thAyatA pramANe judI judI pravRttimAM zreSThatA meLavIne bIjA deze pAsethI zreSTha banatI cIje pitAnA zreSTha mAlanA badalAmAM meLave 3. Kaina and Panchmahal Gaze, ( 1 9); pp. 68 pd 240. 4. Baroda G. a. (1883); pp. 142-143; 5. Kathi Tw Guz (1864), pp. 210-26.

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arvAcIna samayane vyavahAra [ 165 che. AthI yAMtrika vyavahAra, AMtararASTriya udyoga ane bIjI pravRtiemAM ekaMdara vRddhi puSkaLa kare che. A ja pramANe dezanA vibhAgonI paNa sthiti samajavI. dezanA judA judA prAMte dareka pravRttine khIlavavAne lAyaka hoI zakatA nathI. keI prAMtamAM jaMgalanI sArI pedAza heya, te kaimAM khetInI sArI pedAza hoya, te koImAM audyogika pravRti sArI heya. A pramANe dareka prAMta potapotAnI pravRttine khIlavIne ane anya lAbhakartA thAya che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa dezanI ekaMdara samRddhimAM vadhAro kare che. duSkALa vagere ApattimAM vyavahAra e ekabIjA prAMtane madada karavAnuM uttama sAdhana che. yAMtrika vyavahArathI dezakALamAM ghaNuM ja parivartana thayuM che. dUra dezamAM ghaNA ja ochA vakhatamAM musApharI thaI zake che, tema ja ekabIjA dezanA khabara TUMka samayamAM maLavAthI tAtkAlika upAyo laI zakAya che. te uparAMta, bIja ghaNuM lAbha thAya che. arvAcIna yAMtrika vAhane arvAcIna samayamAM yAMtrika vAhanenI puSkaLa zodhe thayelI che. jamInamArge, dariyAmArge ke havAI mArge vyavahAra thaI zake che. jamInamArge TUMkI musApharI mATe meTara ke lorIo ane lAMbI musApharImAM re e mukhya sAdhana che. jaLamArge nadImAM ke naheramAM nAnI AgabeTa ane darIyAmAM meTI Agabe ke sTImare e mukhya sAdhano che. havAImArge havAIvimAne ke havAivahANo e mukhya sAdhane che. chellAM sAdhane hindustAnamAM paNa vaparAvA lAgyAM che, paNa haju moTA pramANamAM vyavahAranA upayogamAM AvatAM nathI. temane mukhya upaga patravyavahAra ke utArUvyavahAra mATe thAya che. pahelI be jAtanAM sAdhano A dezamAM ThIka pramANamAM vaparAya che; paNa bIjA dezonI sAthe sarakhAvatAM tema ja dezane vistAra dhyAnamAM letAM e sAdhane pUratAM nathI, e kahevuM khoTuM nathI. huMkA vyavahAramAM moTara gADI chellA dazakAthI bahu ja vaparAzamAM AvavA

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166 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna lAgI che ane teNe relavenA vyavahArane ghaNuM ja nukazAna kareluM che te AgaLa upara tapAsIzuM. lAMbA vyavahAramAM relve sivAya jamInamArge bIjuM sAdhana kaMI nathI. jaLamArge, A dezamAM sArA vaheNavALI nadIonA abhAve nadImAM ke naheramAM AgabeTa vaparAtI nathI. uttara hindanI nadIomAM amuka aMtara sudhI AgabeTe AvI zake che. te sivAya kinArAno vyApAra ane paradezI vyApAra nAnI AgabeTA mAraphate thAya che. gujarAtamAM kAThIyAvADanAM amuka baMdare bAda karIe te nAnAM baMdaroe phakta kinArAno vyavahAra ja rahe che. muMbaI baMdare sarvanuM nUra harI lIdheluM che. jamInamArge gujarAtamAM nAnA gAmaDAmAM gADA ke prANI mAraphate, meTA zaheramAM meTara ke lerI mAraphate ane AkhA vibhAgamAM relve mAraphate vyavahAra cAle che. stAo ane tene vyavahAra zarUAtamAM jaNAvyA pramANe ApaNA dezanI ke prAMtanI sthiti viSe cokkasa khabara nahIM maLavAthI ghaNuM ja agavaDa paDe che. ilAkAmAM ke dezamAM keTalA kAMkarIvALA ane keTalA sAdhAraNa rastA che tenI vArSika gaNatrI thatI nathI. i. sa. 1928mAM hindanA rastAnI khIlavaNa mATe maLelI kamiTie karelI ane muMbaI sarakAre IlAkAnA rastA viSenI karelI gaNatrI, e be nIcenA koThAmAM batAvI che. ke naM. 11 rastAnI jAta prAMtika sarakAranA | sthAnika sattAnA tAbAmAM (mAilamAM) tAbAmAM (mAIlamAM) 6,216 2,504 kAMkarIvALA rastA kAMkarI vagaranA che. 2,359 18,237 ekaMdara 8,575 20,741

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arvAcIna samayane vyavahAra [ 167 A uparathI mAlama paDaze ke AkhA IlAkAmAM 8,720 mAIlanA kAMkarIvALA ane 20,596 mAila kAMkarI vagaranA rastA hatA. AmAM gujarAtamAM keTalA rastAo che, tenI khabara paDI zakatI nathI. ilAkAmAM dakSiNamAM DuMgarALa pradeza, uttaramAM siMdhanuM raNa ane kAThIyAvADamAM ucca pradeza hovAthI mULa gujarAtamAM bIjA prAMtanA karatAM rastAo vadhAre te hevA joIe, ema dhArI zakAya. te ja kamiTinA savAlanA javAbamAM prAMtika sarakAra lakhe che ke "je ke siMdha sivAya ilAkAmAM rastAo sArI rIte patharAyelA che, te paNa gujarAta, rAjaputAnA vagere pradezonA amuka bhAgamAM rastAnI khoTa che. te uparAMta hayAta rastAo paNa meTaravyavahArathI ghaNuM ja ghasAI gayelA hovAthI pharIthI baMdhAvavAnI jarUra che."2 I. sa. 1922 nI gaNatrI pramANe gujarAtanA pAMca jIllAmAM kAMkarIvALA 697 mAIla ane sAdhAraNa rastA 797 mAIla hatA, ema zrI. mahetA jaNAve che. tyAra pachI rastAo vadhelA hoya to paNa gujarAtanA vistAranA pramANamAM rastAo ghaNA ja eAchA che, ema mAnI zakAya. kAThIyAvADanA rastAonI sthiti viSe pazcima hindanAM dezI rAjyonA ejanTa te ja kamiTinA savAlanA javAbamAM lakhe che ke "kAThIyAvADamAM cAra moTA gherI rastA AvelA che. rAjakoTathI jUnAgaDha (62 mAila); rAjakoTathI bhAvanagara (107 mAIla); rAjakoTathI vaDhavANa (66 mAIla); ane rAjakeTathI joDIyA (57 mAIla). A dhorI rastA sivAyanA bAkInA rastA tadana kharAba che." banAsakAMdA viSe lakhe che ke "pradeza retALa hevAthI ane kAMkarInA rastAnA ulloganA abhAvathI kAcA rastA upara vyavahAra cAle che ane tethI 1-2 Report, Indian Rond Development Committee, vid. Vol. 1, pp. 59-61. 3 Mehta, Rural Economy of Gujarat, p. 206.

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168 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna meTaravyavahArane upaga tha asaMbhavita che. I. sa. 1932-33 mAM "hindanA rastA ane relvenI spadha" te viSaya tapAsavA maLelI kamiTi paNa jaNAve che ke muMbaI IlAkAmAM cokkasa AMkaDA nahIM maLavAthI vyavahAranI sagavaDanI kharI sthiti viSe cokkasa nirNaya karI zakAto nathI; tethI mAtra aMdAja upara AdhAra rAkhavo paDe che. A kamiTinI gaNatrI pramANe Azare 9,760 mAila kAMkarIvALA, 4,000 mAIla kAMkarI vagaranA paNa sArI hAlatamAM ane 4,200 mAila bIjA kAMkarI vagaranA rastA hatA. chellA banne jAtanA rastA mAsAmAM vyavahArane mATe pratikUla che. kAMkarIvALo eka mAIla rastA sarAsarI 122 corasa mAila pradezane lAbha Ape che ane kAMkarI vagaranA sudharelA rastAo gaNue to moTarane upayogI eka mAIla rasto sarAsarI pramANe 5-8 corasa mAIla vistArane lAbha Ape che, ane sarva rastAo gaNIe to AMkaDo 435 corasa mAila thAya che. A uparathI ema mAnI zakAya ke ghaNA mANaso sAdhAraNa rIte rastAthI be mAIlanI hadamAM che, jo ke keTaleka ThekANe ema nahIM heya. IlAkAnA rastA viSenI uparyukta vigata gujarAtane paNa ghaNe bhAge lAgu paDI zake. siMdha, mahArASTra ke kAThIyAvADa vagere karatAM mULa gujarAtamAM eka be apavAda sivAya rastAnI sthiti sArI te nahIM ja hoya. rastA ane relvenI harIphAI viSenI kamiTi jaNAve che ke IlAkAmAM moTaravyavahAranI pragati sAthe prAMtika, sthAnika ke. jIllAnI sattAnA nANAMbhaMDoLamAM vadhAro nahIM thayela hovAthI rastAo ghaNI ja kharAba dazAmAM che. ghaNe ThekANe nadIo upara pUle | Report, Road Development Committee, Evidence Vol. . pp. 308-310. ? Report, Road-Rail Competition, (Bombay Province ), pp. 5-7.

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arvAcIna samayane vyavahAra 2. [ 169 baMdhAvavAnI jarUra che. moTA gAmaDAmAM haju rastAnI sagavaDa ja . nathI. 1,000thI vadhAre vastIvALAM gAmaDAMo haju gherI rastAnI sAthe joDAyelAM nathI."1 gujarAtamAM paNa rastAnI AvI sthiti hevI joIe. prAMtane bheTe bhAga gAmaDAMothI vaselo hovAthI, gAmaDAMne moTA zaheranI ke najadIkanA relve sTezananI sAthe vyavahArathI joDavAnI khAsa jarUra che. rastAnI khIlavaNa viSenI kamiTinA savAlanA javAbamAM bI. bI. enDa sI. AI relvenA ejanTe jaNAveluM ke vyavahAranA lAbhArthe relve sTezanathI te pAsenA pradeza sudhI pUratA rastAo baMdhAya, e icchavA yogya che ane A relve evA rastA baMdhAvavAnI tarapheNamAM paNa samAntara rastAne mATe taddana virUddha che." yAMtrika yuga pahelAne gADAMne vyavahAra dhyAnamAM laIe te rastAne vyavahAra lAbhakartA nahIM jaNAya, paNa moTaravAhane thavAthI rastAnI upayogitA ghaNuM ja vadhI che, ema zrI. khuzAla caMda zAha kahe che.? A uparathI mAlama paDaze ke gujarAtane jeTalI revenI vadhAre sagavaDanI jarUra che tethI badhe ghaNuM vadhAre rastA baMdhAvavAnI jarUra che. phakta be ke traNa hajAra kAMkarIvALA rastAthI aMdaranA bhAgonA vyApAramAM vRddhi thavI muzkela che. kAcA rastAo comAsAmAM tadana nirUpayogI thAya che. tethI gujarAtanA ekaMdara vyApArane atyaMta vadhAravAne mATe dareka bhAgamAM sArA kAMkarIvALA ane pUratA rastAo ekabIjAne tema ja relve sTezanane joDe tevA baMdhAvavA joIe. eTaravyavahAra ane tenI spardhA chellA dazakAmAM moTaravyavahAra puSkaLa vadhI paDe che. TUMkA aMtaramAM moTare relave sAthe sajajaDa harIphAI kare che, eTaluM ja nahIM ? Report, Road and Rail Competition, i Bombay Presidency), pp. 8-9. 2 Report, Road Development Committ@, Evid. Vol. I, p. 37. 3 K. T. Shah. Trade, Tariffs & Transport, p 400. Vol , p. 317.bob. Trade, T

Page #199
190 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna paNa jyAM jyAM sArA rastAo che tyAM tyAM gADAMne badale have moTo ke meTaralorIo vaparAzamAM AvatI jAya che. jyAM relave sTezanathI bIjI jagyAe revenI zAkhA nathI tyAM paNa utArU ane mAlanA vyavahAra mATe moTara e ja mukhya sAdhana thaI paDayuM che. revenI mAphaka pATA, sTezana vagerenI jarUra meTarone paDatI nathI; tethI TuMkI muDImAM moTaravyavahAra rastAnI sagavaDa maLatAM ja cAlu thaI zake che. sAdhAraNa rIte audyogika sthaLoe meTaralorIene vaparAza ghaNe ja thAya che. kArakhAnAM ke malothI relve sTezana sudhI lorIo mAlanI avarajavaramAM bahu ja vaparAya che. gujarAtanA pAMca jIllAmAM vyApAra mATe keTalAM moTaravAhane vaparAya che tenI gaNatrI nIcenA koThAmAM darzAvI che. kema naM. 12 jIllAnuM nAma vyApAramAM vaparAtI | dara mAIle bhaDAne meTaranI saMkhyA 306 amadAvAda kheDA 243 9 pAI 1 Ane 1 thI 2 AnA 118 surata paMcamahAla bharUca 1 thI 2 AnA ekaMdara 75 A uparathI mAlama paDaze ke amadAvAda jIllA udyogamAM AgaLa paDato hovAthI moTarane vyavahAra tyAM sAro cAle che. pachI kheDA, | Report, Road and Rail Competition, (Bombay. Presidency ), p. 43.

Page #200
arvAcIna samayane vyavahAra [ 17 surata e chellAo paNa vyApArapravRttimAM AgaLa vadhelA hovAthI mATarane tyAM sAro upayoga thAya che; paNa phakata 795 moTara vAhane vistAra ane jarUrIyAtanA pramANamAM uparanA jIllAone pUratA che, ema na ja kahI zakAya. jema jema A meTaravAhane vadhatAM jAya che tema tema TuMkA aMtaramAM relvene samAntara rastA upara temanI harIphAi vadhatI jAya che. hindanI lagabhaga sarva relavenI paNa e ja pharIyAda che ke meTara upara kaMI aMkuza mUka joIe. I. sa. 1928 mAM rastA viSenI kamiTinA savAlanA javAbamAM bI. bI. enDa sI. AI. relvenA ejanTe jaNAveluM ke "I. sa. 1926 nI gaNatrI pramANe lagabhaga 68 sTezana AgaLa moTare relvenI nAnI zAkhAo mAphaka kAma karatI ane 18 moTara relve sAthe harIphAI karatI; paNa tyAra pachI harIphAI vadhI paDI che. rastA ane relvenI harIphAI viSe maLelI kamiTi jaNAve che ke relvene samAntara rastA upara muMbaI IlAkAmAM ekathI bIjA sTezane 5 thI 33 mAIlanA gALAmAM pharatI lagabhaga 111 moTaro hatI ane A badhI moTare moTA bhAge gujarAtanAM sTezane AgaLa vyavahAra calAve che, ema siddha thAya che. A moTaravAhane bI. bI. enDa sI. AI relvenI sAthe keTale aMze harIphAI kare che te nIce ThAmAM batAvyuM cheH kedA naM. 13 relvene samAntara rastAonA TakA ! harIphAI karatA pahoLA pATAnI madhyamapATAnI sAMkaDApATAnI ekaMdara re | relve | relave | vAhane bI. bI. (pa-6") |(3-33") | (2'-6") | enDa sI. [ AI. 40 TakA | 5 TakA / 100 TakA 141 lAkamAM kI bAra calAve che. bAjI mArI gALAmAM I re ! ? Report, Road Development Committee, Evid., . I, p. 318.

Page #201
192 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAnaA uparathI mAlama paDe che ke sAMkaDA pATAnI relave sAthe moTara bahu harIphAI kare che. bI. bI. enDa sI. AI. relavene A harIphAIthI vArSika Azare rUA. 6 lAkhanI khoTa jAya che. utArUnA vyavahAramAM ghaNA bhAge moTaro bahu harIphAI kare che; chatAM kheDA jIllAmAM nadIyAda ane kapaDavaMja, kapaDavaMja ane ANaMda vacce mAlanA vyavahAramAM harIphAI eTalI vadhI paDI hatI ke relvene bhAva ghaTADavA paDelA. meTaraspardhAthI lene ke vyApAranI pravRtine ekaMdara lAbha thAya che ke nahIM, te kahI zakAya nahIM. rastA ane relavenI harIphAI viSenI kamiTi jaNAve che ke "IlAkAmAM moTaravAhane je bhAva ke che te sAdhAraNa rIte lokopayogI dRSTie ghaNo ja vadhAre che; paNa -jyAM spardhA atyaMta che tyAM A bhAva ghaNe ocho mAlama paDe che. chatAM meTaravyavahAra upara kaMI vadhAre aMkuza joIe ema ghaNA mANasanuM mAnavuM che. gujarAtamAM phakta agatyanAM sthAe ke jayAM relave vyavahAra naphAkAraka che tyAM relve jovAmAM Ave che. je ThekANe reve pahoMcI na zake tyAM moTaravAhane ne upayoga meTA pramANamAM thavo joIe ane te mATe rastAnI khIlavaNanI paNa jarUra che. zrI. mahetA jaNAve che ke gujarAtamAM khetInI pedAzanI avarajavara mATe gAmaDAMthI relave sTezana sudhI sArA rastAo ane moTaravyavahAranI ghaNuM jarUra che; tethI rastAnI khIlavaNuM jesAbhera thavI joIe. hAlanI rastA ane relvenI harIphAIe relave sattA tema ja sarakAranuM ghaNuM dhyAna kheMceluM che. I. sa. 1928 mAM rastA 2-3 Report, Road and Rail Competition, (Bombay Presidency), pp. 11-18. | Report, Road and Rail Competition, Bombay Presidency ), p. 24. 2 Mehta, Rural Economy of Gujarat, pp. 206-207.,

Page #202
arvAcIna samayane vyavahAra [ 173 viSe eka kamiTi nImAyelI ne I. sa. 1933 mAM harIphAi mATe bIjI kamiTi nImAyelI. "I. sa. 1925-26 pachI relve utArUnI AvakamAM satata ghaTADo thAya che te keTaleka aMze meTaranI vadhatI jatI harIphAI siddha kare che. je cAMpatAM pagalAM levAmAM nahIM Ave te ghaNo sasta, anukULa ane utAvaLe moTaravyavahAra eka vakhata zarU thayA pachI pharIthI ukhADavo muzkela paDaze. utArUne moTe bhAga TuMkI musApharI kare che te vAta dhyAnamAM laIe to relvene TuMkA vyavahAranI agatya bahu ja che, ema sAbIta thAya che."3 zrI. khuzAlacaMda zAha kahe che tema rastA ane relvenA vyavahAra vacce evI sarasa vaheMcaNI thavI joIe ke jethI tene upayoga karanArAne te ekaMdare lAbhadAyI nIvaDe.* mULa gujarAtanI mukhya relave ane zAkhAo pahoLA pATAnI i. sa. 186mAM pahelavahelI utarANathI aMkalezvara zAkhA khullI mUkAI hatI. tyAra pachI narmadAthI bharUca, aMkalezvarathI narmadA ane suratathI utarANa vagere zAkhAo vyavahAra mATe khulI mUkAI hatI. I. sa. 1861 mAM bharUcathI vaDedarA, sacInathI surata, navasArIthI surata ane valasADathI navasArI vagere zAkhAo taiyAra thaI hatI. i. sa. 1862-63mAM vaDodarAthI amadAvAda sudhI re AvI gaI. I. sa. 1871 mAM amadAvAdathI vIramagAma sudhI re 3 Sir H. Freeland, " Road Competition, "-Times f India, Aug. 24, 1988. p. 5. K. T. Shah, Trade, Tariffs & Transport, pp. 0 01.

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174 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna baMdhAI, eTale AkhA gujarAtamAM thaIne prasAra thatI muMbaIthI amadAvAda ane vIramagAma sudhI mukhya relave (paheLA pATAnI 5-6") taiyAra thaI A reve thavAthI gujarAtanA vyApArane apUrva jesa bhaLyuM ane muMbaI baMdara darIyAI vyApAranuM kendrasthAna banyuM. 50 mAIla ke 100 mAIla dUra baMdaree bhAla javAne badale have relve thavAthI gujarAtane mAla dUra 300 mAIla sudhI nikAsa mATe javA lAgyuM. I. sa. 1871 pachI relvenI zAkhAo puSkaLa vadhavA lAgI. i. sa. 1875 mAM godharAthI ANaMda sudhI zAkhA taiyAra thavAthI paMcamahAla jIllAne vyavahAra vadhavA lAgyo. i. sa. 1873 mAM khArAghoDAthI viramagAma relave baMdhAI, eTale khArAghoDAno mIThAne udyoga paNa vadhavA lAgyo. I. sa. 1894mAM vaDodarAthI pahoLA pATAnI relave ratalAma sudhI AvI, eTale mALavAne vyavahAra A raste cAlu thayo. A badhI zAkhAo pahoLA pATAnI hatI, paNa sAthe sAthe madhyama pATAnI ane sAMkaDA pATAnI zAkhAo paNa gujarAtamAM baMdhAvavA lAgI. I. sa. 1929-30mAM paheLA pATAnI be vadhAre zAkhAo bAMdhavAmAM AvI. eka vAsadathI kAThanA sudhI jAya che ane bIjI berIyAvIthI vaDatAla sudhI jAya che. madhyama ane sAMkaDA pATAnI I. sa. 1880-81 mAM dilhIthI amadAvAda sudhI madhyama pATAnI relave pUrI thaI eTale rajapUtAnA, mAravADa ane uttara hindano vyavahAra cAlu thayuM. I. sa. 1902 mAM vIramagAmathI vaDhavANa zAkhA | History of Indian Railways (1932-33), p. 35. ", p. 35. p. 81

Page #204
arvAcIna samayane vyavahAra [ 175 baMdhAI, ane I. sa. 1903mAM amadAvAdathI dhoLakA relve thaI pahelI zAkhAthI kAThIyAvADanA vyApArane vadhavAnI taka maLI, ane bIjIthI amadAvAda jIllAnA dhoLakA tAlukAne vyavahAra vadhavA lAgyo. amadAvAda dhoLakA reve I. sa. 1922 nA julAI sudhI bI. bI. enDa sI. AI relvenI zAkhA hatI; paNa tyAra pachI sarakAre kharIdI lIdhelI, jo ke tene vahIvaTa bI. bI. enDa sI. Ai relve ja kare che. I. sa. 1925mAM dhoLakAthI dhaMdhukA sudhI relve thavAthI amadAvAdathI dhaMdhukA thaIne kAThIyAvADamAM javAne bIje raste khulluM mUkAyo. bhAla pradezanA kapAsa ane ghauMnI pedAzanI nikAsa mATe A vyavahAra bahu ja sagavaDavALo thayo che. vIramagAmathI vaDhavANa thaine kAThIyAvADamAM javAya che, paNa khAsa karIne bhAvanagara rAjyane amadAvAda-dhaMdhukA revethI phAyado thayo che. viramagAmathI vaDhavANa-zAkhA i. sa. 1872 mAM taiyAra thaI hatI, paNa te vakhate pahoLA pATAnI relve hatI. I. sa. 1902 mAM te madhyama pATAnI relve thaI. gujarAtamAM AvelI A madhyama pATAnI zAkhAo bI. bI. enDa sI. AI relvenA tAbAmAM ke vahIvaTa nIce che. te uparAMta sAMkaDA pATAnI reve Azare 7ra mAila laMbAInI che. I. sa. 1914mAM bharUcathI jaMbusara relve thaI, ane i. sa. 1929-30 mAM jaMbusarathI kAvIne sAmaNuM dehaja zAkhAo thaI. I. sa. 1930-31 mAM A revenI ekaMdara Avaka Azare rUA. 2 lAkha hatI. A relve bharUca jIllAnA kapAsavALA pradezane joDe che, tethI vyApAra sArA cAle che; paNa meTaranI harIphAIthI vyavahArane nukazAna thayuM che ane parINAme rehave sattAe tyAM cAMpatAM pagalAM levAnuM zarU karyuM che.' ? History of Indian Railways, (1931-32) p 40. p. 40. p. 61. 8 Rgports of Railwny Board on Indian Railwayi, (1927-28;p. 43; and (1999-30), pp. 88-89. 2 "

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196 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna tAptI velI relave e relave paheLA pATAnI che. I. sa. 1898 mAM A relve baMdhAI hatI. te vakhate tenI laMbAI 3591 mAIla hatI. A relave tAptI velI relave kaMpanInA tAbAmAM che, paNa tenI dekharekha ane vahIvaTa bI. bI. enDa sI. AI. relavene soMpelo che. A relave i. sa. 1930-31 sudhI 155-72 mAIla laMbAInI hatI, ane te ja varSamAM tenI ekaMdara Avaka Azare rUA. ra7 lAkha hatI. A relvenI Avaka pariziSTamAM batAvyA pramANe mAlanA vyavahAranA AdhAre ja che. mAlanI Avaka utArUnI Avaka karatAM ghaNuM ja vadhAre che. te sAbIta kare che ke A relve vyApAranuM mukhya sAdhana che. e reve upara agatyanAM zahero surata, udhanA, bAraDolI, vyArA, naMdara bAra ane amalanera AvelAM che. bI. bI. enDa sI. AI relvenA mukhya mArgane A relve madhyahindanA vyavahAra sAthe joDe che. tApI nadInI AsapAsa utpanna thatI pedAza A mArge ja nikAza mATe jAya che. i. sa. 1931-3ra mAM A reve upara Azare 320, hajAra Tana bhAvane vyavahAra thayela ane temAMthI relvene Azare rU. 13 lAkha Avaka maLelI. A mAlamAM Azare 190 hajAra Tana mAla AyAta thayelo ne 130 hajAra Tana A relve mAraphate nikAza thayelo. A relve upara anAja, telIbIyAM, rU ane taiyAra kApaDa vadhAre avarajavara thAya che. surata ane khAnadeza vibhAgamAM A relave vyavahAranuM mukhya sAdhana che. gAyakavADa peTalAda relave ANaMdathI peTalAda sudhInI A reve gAyakavADanA tAbAmAM che. A relve pahelA pATAnI che. I. sa. 1890 mAM A rehave baMdhAI hatI. Ane vahIvaTa bI. bI. enDa sI. AI. relave kare che, paNa - History of Indian Railways,(1982-82) pp. 48%

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gujarAtanI relave ane samudrakinArAne vyavahAra darzAvatA nakaze. . .. khawo hAM kapa A . 4o .. . - ra [ pR. 176 sAme

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arvAcIna samayane vyavahAra [ 177 na gAyakavADa sarakArane maLe che. I. sa. 193031 mAM A relvenI laMbAI 2142 mAIla hatI, ne tenI ekaMdara Avaka Azare . 5 lAkha hatI. i. sa. 1931-32 mAM Azare 114 hajAra Tana mAla avarajavara thayelo, ane relavene temAMthI rU. 1 lAkhanI Avaka thayelI. A relve upara Azare 97 hajAra Tana mAla AyAta thayela ane 17 hajAra Tana nikAza thayela. e relvene mAlamAMthI maLatI Avaka uparathI mAlama paDe che ke tenI mAraphate anAja, ArasapahANa, mIThuM, goLakhAMDa, telIbIyAM, rU ane taiyAra kApaDa ane lokhaMDa vagere mAlanI avarajavara vadhAre thAya che. kheDA jIllAnA vyavahAranA mATe A mukhya zAkhA che. tArApura khaMbhAta re tArApura relve paNa I. sa. 1902 mAM baMdhAI hatI. A relve khaMbhAtanA navAbanA kabajAmAM che, paNa tenI dekharekha ane vahIvaTa bI. bI. enDa sI. AI relvene soMpelAM che. I. sa. 1930-31 mAM e relvenI laMbAI 12:36 mAIla hatI ane ekaMdara Avaka Azare rU. 1 lAkha hatI.3 I. sa. 1931-32 mAM A relve mAraphate Azare 38 hajAra Tana mAla avarajavara thayela ane relvene temAMthI Azare rUA. 40 hajAra Avaka thayelI. A mAlamAMthI 25 hajAra Tana AyAta thayela ane 13 hajAra Tana nikAza thayelo. A uparathI ema mAlama paDe che ke nikAza karatAM AyAta relve mAraphate vadhAre thAya che. A relve upara anAja, ArasapahANa, lAkaDuM, rU ane taiyAra kApaDa vagere mAlanI avarajavara vadhAre thAya che. khaMbhAtanA rAjyanI pedAzanI nikAza A mArge thAya che. baMdara paDI bhAMgavAthI have relave e ja vyavahAranuM mukhya sAdhana che. A relve peTalAda sudhI jAya che ane tyAMthI gAyakavADanI peTalAda ANaMda relve zarU thAya che. A reve paNa pahoLA pATAnI che. 1-2 History of Indian Railways (1932-33) p. 40. 3-4 p. 41,

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178 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna gAyakavADa mahesANA relve A relve madhyama pATAnI che. I. sa. 1887 mAM mahesANAthI vaDanagara zAkhA khullI mUkAI hatI. I. sa. 1891 sudhImAM vIramagAmathI mahesANA ane vaDanagarathI kherALu e zAkhAo taiyAra thaI. I. sa. 1908-9 mAM kherALuthI taraMgAhIla, mANuMdareDathI hArIja ane cANasmAthI bahecarAjI vagere zAkhAo baMdhAI hatI. I. sa. 1930-31 sudhInI A sarva gAyakavADanI zAkhAonI laMbAI 25601 mAIla hatI. A sivAya 4367 mAIla laMbAInI bIjI zAkhAo baMdhAya che. A relavenuM jaMkazana mahesANuM che ane tenI AsapAsa sarva zAkhAo patharAyelI che. tenI vigata pariziSTamAM darzAvelI che. te ja varSamAM A relvenI ekaMdara Avaka Azare rU. 21 lAkha hatI. A relvenI utArUnI Avaka lagabhaga mAlanI Avaka karatAM bamaNuM che. I. sa. 1931-32 mAM relve mAraphate Azare 324 hajAra Tana mAlanI avarajavara thayelI ane temAMthI relvene Azare rU. 6 lAkhanI ekaMdara Avaka maLelI. A mAlamAMthI Azare 254 hajAra Tana AyAta thayelo ane 70 hajAra maNa nikAza thayela. A uparathI mAlama paDe che ke A relave mAraphate AyAta vyApAra ghaNA pramANamAM thAya che. gAyakavADa rAjyanA kaDI prAMtamAM A relave patharAyelI hovAthI eka bIjA chalA sAthe vyavahAra sAre cAle che. kaDI prAMtanI mukhya pedAza aLazI, telIbIyAM ane aphINa vagere A relve mAraphate nikAza thAya che. mAlanA AMkaDA parathI mAlama paDe che ke A relve upara anAja, ArasapahANa, mIThuM, gALakhAMDa, telIbIyAM ane rU tathA taiyAra kApaDa vagere mAlanI avarajavara vadhAre thAya cheA revene eka phoTo TheTha viramagAma sudhI jAya che, bIje netraMgaroDa tarapha, trIjo AMbalIyAsaNa tarapha ane cotho bahecarAjI tarapha jAya che. 1-2-3 History of Indian Railways, (1932-83 ). pp. 52-83.

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arvAcIna samayanA vyavahAra amadAvAda prAMtIja relve madhyama pATAnI A relve amadAvAda prAMtIja relve kaMpanInI che, paNa tenA vahIvaTa khI. bI. enDa sI. AI. relve kare che. I. sa. 1897mAM A relve baMdhAI tyAre tenI laMbAI 54 59 mAIla hatI. i. sa. 1930-31 sudhI e relvenI lakhAI 88-73 mAIla hatI ane te ja varSamAM relvene ekaMdara Avaka Azare rUA. 8 lAkha maLelI.1 I. sa. 1971-3ra mAM A relve mAraphate Azare 151 hajAra Tana mAlanI avarajavara thayelI ane temAMthI relvene Azare rUA. 3 lAkhanI Avaka thayelI. A mAlamAMthI Azare 77 hajAra Tana AyAta thayelA ane 74 hajAra Tana nikAza thayelA. A relve mAraphate anAja, ArasapahANu, geALakhAMDa, telIbIyAM, rU ane taiyAra kApaDa, vagere mAlanI avarajavara vadhAre thAya che. A relve hImatanagara sudhI jAya che ane tyAMthI kheDabrahmA sudhI pahoMce che. mahIkAMThA ejansInI sarahada para vyavahArane te mukhya mAga che. rAjapIpaLA rAjyanI relve [ 199 A sAMkaDA pATAnI relve revAkAMThA ejansImAM vyApAranA mukhya rastA che. A relve bI. bI. enDa sI. Ai relvenA aMkalezvara sTezanathI rAjapIpaLA sudhI dADe che. i. sa. 1897mAM 'kalezvarathI rAjapAraDI sudhI zAkhA thayelI. 1930-31 sudhImAM A relvenI lakhAI 39.24 mAIla hatI ane ekaMdara Avaka Azare rU|. 2 lAkha thayelI.3 i. sa. 1931-32 mAM A relve mAraphate 35 hajAra Tana mAla avarajavara thayelA ane temAMthI Avaka Azare rU|. 1 lAkha thayelI. AmAMthI Azare 14 hajAra Tana mAla AyAta mATe gayelA ane 21 hajAra Tana nikAza thayelA.4 A relve mAraphate paNa anAja, telIbIyAM ane rU vadhAre pramANamAM avarajavara thAya che. A relve rAjapIpaLA darabAranI che, paNa bI. bI. enDa sI. Ai relve vahIvaTa kare che. 1-2 History of Indian Railways (1982-83) p. 48-49. * p. 63. " www.umaragyanbhandar.com 3-4 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat

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180 ]. gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna pAlaNapura-DIsA relve. madhyama pATAnI A relve banAsakAMThA ejansImAM vyavahArane mukhya mArga che. te pAlaNapurathI DIsA sudhI doDe che. A relve pAlaNapura darabAranI che, paNa tene vahIvaTa bI. bI. enDa sI. AI. relvene sepelo che. i. sa. 1893 mAM A relave taiyAra thaI hatI. I. sa. 1930-31 nI gaNatrI pramANe tenI laMbAI 17-11 mAIla hatI, ane te ja varSamAM ekaMdara Avaka Azare rUA. 1 lAkha hatI. rAjyanI mukhya pedAza kapAsa, DAMgara, zeraDI, anAja, jaMgalanI pedAza, baLada vagere A mArge ja nikAza thAya che. retALa pradezamAM A relave sivAya bIjuM vyavahAranuM sAdhana kaMI nathI. cAMpAnera-zIvarAjapura pANuM re A sAMkaDA pATAnI relve bI. bI. enDa sI. AI. relvenA cAMpAnera raTezanathI pANahIlsa sudhI jAya che. khanIjavALA pradezamAM A relave AvelI hovAthI khanIjanI nikAza ghaNI thAya che. A reve gujarAta relave kaMpanInI che, paNa vahIvaTa bI. bI. enDa sI. AI. relve kare che. i. sa. 1911 mAM A relve khullI mUkAI hatI. i. sa. 1930-31 mAM A relvenI laMbAI 3068 mAIla hatI. ekaMdara Avaka azare rU. 1 lAkha thayelI. i. sa. 1931-32 mAM A relve mAraphate 54 hajAra Tana mAlanI avarajavara thayelI ane relavene temAMthI rUA. 70 hajAranI Avaka maLelI. vaLI A mAlamAMthI phakata 3 hajAra Tana mAla AyAta thayelo, paNa 5 hajAra Tana mAla nikAza thayela. A sAbIta kare che ke A relve mAraphate nikAza (khanIjanI) vadhAre pramANamAM thAya che. te ja varSamAM lagabhaga ra7 hajAra Tana khanIjanI ja avarajavara thayelI te i History of Indian Ruilways, (1932-3:), p. 56. 2-3 , , , pp. 8-59.

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arvAcIna samayane vyavahAra [ 181 sivAya anAja, lAkaDuM ane telIbIyAM paNa jovAmAM Ave che. khanIjanI nikAsanI dRSTie A revenI agatya ghaNuM ja che. naDIyAda-kapaDavaMja relve A sAMkaDA pATAnI relave naDIyAda ane kapaDavaMja vacce doDe che. e gujarAta relave kaMpanInI relave che. i. sa. 1913 mAM A relave baMdhAI hatI ane I. sa. 1930-31 nI gaNatrI pramANe tenI laMbAI 2818 mAila hatI ne te ja varSamAM ekaMdara Avaka Azare rUA. 1 lAkha hatI.1 I. sa. 1931-3ra mAM A relve mAraphate 25 hajAra Tana mAlanI avarajavara thayelI ane temAMthI Avaka rU. 79 hajAra thayelI. 14 hajAra Tana mAla AyAta thayelo ane 11 hajAra Tana nikAza thayela. A relavene paNa moTara harIphAIe asara karelI che. godharA-luNAvADA relave A paNa sAMkaDA pATAnI relave gujarAta re kaMpanInA tAbAmAM che. revAkAMThA ejansImAM A relve AvelI che. i. sa. 1913-14 mAM A relve pUrI thaI hatI. i. sa. 193031 mAM A revenI laMbAI 25-40 mAIla hatI. te ja varSamAM tenI ekaMdara Avaka Azare rU. 1 lAkha hatI. I. sa. 1931-32 mAM A relve mAraphate Azare 14 hajAra Tana mAlanI avarajavara thayelI ane temAMthI Avaka Azare rU. 76 hajAra thayelI. Azare 4 hajAra Tana mAla AyAta thayelo, paNa 10 hajAra Tana nikAza thayelo.* anAja ane telIbIyAM A relave mAraphate bahAra nikAza thAya che. 1-2 History of Indian Railways (1982-83) p. 61. >> p. 60.

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182 1 gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgALavijJAna pIpalAda-devagaDhabArIyA relve A sAMkaDA pATAnI relve devagaDha khArIyA rAjyanI che, ane mI. mI. enDa sI. Ai. relve tenA vahIvaTa kare che. i. sa. 1928-29 mAM A relve pUrI thaI hatI ane i. sa. 1930-31 nI gaNatrI pramANe tenI lakhAI para mAIla che. te ja varSamAM A relvene Azare rUA. 64 hajAranI Avaka thayelI, i. sa. 1931-32 mAM A relve mAraphate 47 hajAra TananI avarajavara thayelI ne temAMthI relvene za. 61 hajAranI Avaka maLelI. phakta 5 hajAra Tana mAla AyAta thayelA ane 42 hajAra Tana (mukhya lAkaDAM) mAla nikAza thayeleA. cAMpAnera relvenI mAka A relvenA nikAza vyApAra agatyanA che. kAThIyAvADanI mukhya relve ane zAkhAo bhAvanagara rAjyanI relve kAThIyAvADanuM agra dezI rAjya bhAvanagara paNu relvemAM pachAta nathI. i. sa. 1880mAM bhAvanagara baMdarathI vaDhavANu sudhI relve thaI hatI. tyArapachI dhIme dhIme zAkhAo vadhavA lAgI ane i. sa. 1930-31 nI gaNatrI pramANe A madhyama pATAnI relvenI laMbAi 307.01 mAIla hatI; ne te ja varSomAM A relvene ekaMdara Avaka Azare 30 lAkha maLelI. i. sa. 1911 sudhI A relvenA vahIvaTa bhAvanagara, gAMDaLa, junAgaDha ne porabaMdara rAjyAnI sayukta sattA nIce hatA; paNa hAla A relve bhAvanagara rAjyanA tAbAmAM che ane tenA vahIvaTa paNa te ja kare che. phakta jasadaNa sudhInA eka phrAMTA bhAvanagara ane jasadaNa rAjyAnA sayukta tAkhAmAM che. A relvenA eka kAMTA dheALA ane DhasA thaIne sAvarakuMDalA jAya che, khIne kAMTA zIhArathI pAlItANA jAya che, trIjo krAMTA kheATAthI

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arvAcIna samayane vyavahAra [ 183 jasadaNa jAya che, e phATe sAvarakuMDalAthI mahuvA jAya che, ane pAMcamo phITe beTAdathI tagaDI thaIne dhaMdhukA jAya che. bhAvanagara rAjyanA Azare traNa hajAra ce. mA. nA vistAramAM 307 mAIla laMbAInI relve AvelI che, eTale vistAranA pramANamAM relave pUratI che. bhAvanagara rAjyane vaLI baMdarane sAro lAbha hovAthI relvenI khIlavaNImAM lAbha thAya che. goMDala rAjyanI relave Azare 1 hajAra ce. mA. vistAranA guMDaLa rAjyane paNa madhyama pATAnI 18967 mAIla laMbAInI relve che. A relvenA traNa phAMTA che. mukhya guMDaLa relave i. sa. 1881 mAM baMdhAI hatI. te hasAthI dhorAjI thaIne jAmajodhapura jAya che. 1930-31 nI gaNatrI pramANe tenI laMbAI 10624 mAIla hatI ne te ja varSamAM tenI laMbAI 106-24 mAIla hatI ne te ja varSamAM tenI ekaMdara Avaka Azare rUA. 15 lAkha hatI. bIjI relve jetalasarathI rAjakoTa jAya che. A relve I. sa. 1893 mAM bAMdhavAmAM AvI hatI. i. sa. 1930-31 mAM tenI laMbAI 46-21 mAIla hatI ane ekadara Avaka Azare rU. 8 lAkha hatI. trIjI relve khIjaDIyAthI gAvaDakA, calALA, thaIne dhArI jAya che. I. sa. 1916 mAM A phoTo pure thayo hato. i. sa. 1930-32 mAM tenI laMbAI 3722 mAila hatI ane tenI ekaMdara Avaka rU. 1 lAkha hatI. A na relve i. sa. 1911 sudhI bhAvanagara, goMDaLa, jUnAgaDha ane ribaMdaranA saMyukta dekharekha nIce hatI; pachI i. sa. 1911 thI 1919 sudhI goMDaLa ane porabaMdaranI saMyukta dekharekha nIce hatI. tyAra pachI pAMca varSa sudhI (I. sa. 1924) porabaMdara relvenI History of Indiau Railways, (1932-33), pp. 218-219. cha p. 282.

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184] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna dekharekha guMDaLa relvenA hAthamAM rahI; paNa i. sa. 1924thI pirabaMdara darabAra temanI relvenI dekharekha rAkhe che. gaMDaLa rAjyamAM vistAranA pramANamAM relve sArI patharAyelI che. jAmanagara-dvArakA relave Azare 3,800 co. mA. vistAravALA navAnagaranA rAjyamAM madhyama pATAnI 15735 mAIla laMbAInI relve AvelI che. jAmanagara relvene mukhya phAMTa rAjakoTathI jAmanagara thaine beThI baMdara jAya che. A phoTo I. sa. 1897 mAM khulluM mUkAyo hato. i. sa. 1930-31 nI gaNatrI pramANe AnI laMbAI 5422 mAIla hatI ane tenI ekaMdara Avaka Azare rUA. 9 lAkha hatI. bIjo phAMTa jAmanagarathI khaMbhALIyA thaIne kuraMgA jAya che. te ja varSamAM tenI laMbAI 65092 mAIla hatI ne Avaka rUA. 3 lAkha hatI. A relve I. sa. 1923 sudhI jAmanagara dvArakA relve kaMpanInI hatI. trIjo phAMTa 3721 mAIla laMbAIne kuraMgAthI okhA baMdara sudhI I. sa. 1922 mAM gAyakavADe baMdhAvyo hato. I. sa. 1923 pachI A traNe relve gAyakavADa ne navAnagara darabAra ane jAmanagara dvArakA relve kaMpanInA saMyukta karAra mujaba eka ja relve tarIke oLakhAya che ane dekharekha paNa ekahaththu che. jUnAgaDha rAjyanI relave . sa. 1888 mAM jetalasarathI junAgaDha pahelI relve thaI tyArapachI relvenA phAMTA vadhavA lAgyA che. mukhya phATe jetalasarathI jUnAgaDha, verAvaLa thaIne prAcIDa sudhI jAya che. bIjo phoTo sAraDIyAthI zAhapura sudhI jAya che. trIjo phAMTa jUnAgaDhathI vIsA History of Indian Railways, (1932-33), pp. 232-284. - , pp. 237-289.

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arvAcIna samayanA vyavahAra [ 185 vAdara jAya che. i. sa. 1930-31 mAM tenI eka Mdara lakhAI 14833 mAila hatI. bIjI 29-58 mAila laMbAinI relve aMdhAya che. te ja varSamAM A relvenI ekadara Avaka Azare rUA. 14 lAkha hatI.1 i. sa. 1911 sudhI A relve cAra rAjyeAnI saMyukta dekharekha nIce hatI; tyArapachI jUnAgaDha darabAranA tAbAmAM A relve AvI ane have tene vahIvaTa svataMtra rIte thAya che. A relve TheTha verAvaLa sudhI hAvAthI badarA. bhArate AyAta nikAza sArI rIte thai zake che. mArI rAjyanI relve pahelAM A relve sAMkaDA pATAnI hatI, paNa pachIthI tene madhyama pATAnI karavAmAM AvI. I. sa. 1886 mAM pahelA vaDhavANuthI vAMkAnera relve thaI. tyArapachI mAkhI ane rAjakoTa sudhI tenA phAMTA AMdhavAmAM AvyA. A relvene eka phAMTA thAna ja kazanathI ceATIlA jAya che. i. sa. 1930-31 nI gaNatrI pramANe A relvenI ekadara laMbAi 10233 mAila hatI . ane te ja varSomAM tenI ekaMdara Avaka Azare rU|. 20 lAkha hatI. AkhI relve merakhI darabAranA tAbAmAM ane vahIvaTa nIce che.2 jAmanagara dvArakA relve ke jUnAgaDha relvenA karatAM mArakhI rAjyanI relvenI Avaka vadhAre che, tethI sAkhIta thAya che ke A relve upara vyavahAra puSkaLa cAle che. mArabI rAjyamAM A relve vyavahAranuM mukhya sAdhana che. pArabaMdara rAjyanI relve I. sa. 1889 mAM pahelI zAkhA jAmajodhapurathI porabaMdara thaI. tyArapachI pArabaMdarathI porabaMdara baMdara sudhI thaI. te relvenA eka phrAMTA khANu sudhI jAya che. I. sa. 1930-31 mAM A relvenI 1 History of Indian Railways, (1982-33), p. 240. 3 p 241, www.umaragyanbhandar.com " Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat

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186 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUMgALavijJAna ekadara laMbAI 41-29 mAIla hatI ane te ja varSamAM tenI eka dUra Avaka Azare rUA. 4 lAkha hatI.1 A relve paNa madhyama pATAnI relve che. A relvenI dekharekha ane vahIvaTa pAradara darabAranA hAthamAM che. pArabaMdaramAM pattharanI khANA puSkaLa hAvAthI bahAragAma pattharanI nikAza bahu thAya che. baMdara paNa sArI rIte khIleluM hAvAthI khaMdaranA vyApAra paNa sArI rIte cAle che. pAbaMdaramAM relve e vyavahAranA mukhya mArga che. dhrAMgadhrA rAjyanI relve Azare eka hAra ceArasa mAIlanA vistAravALA dhrAMgadhrA rAjyamAM eka madhyama pATAnI relve AvelI che. A zAkhA dhrAMgadhrA darabAranI che, paNu khI. bI. enDa sI. AI relve tene vahIvaTa kare che. te sabaMdhI karAra I. sa. 1919 mAM thayelA che. i. sa. 1913-14mAM A relvenI laMbAI 2063 mAIla hatI. I. sa. 1930-31 nI gaNutrI mujaba tenI laMbAI 40-28 mAIla hatI, ane ekaMdara Avaka Azare rUA. 2 lAkha hatI.2 I. sa. 1931-32 mAM A relve mArate Azare 40 hajAra Tana mAlanI avarajavara thayelI ane temAMthI relvene Azare rUA. 80 hajAranI Avaka thayelI. A mAlamAMthI 24 hajAra Tana mAla AyAta thayeleA ne 16 hajAra Tana mAla nikAza thayelo. A mAlanI avarajavaramAM anAja, ArasapahANu ke patthara, mIThuM, rU ityAdi vadhAre pramANamAM jovAmAM Ave che. A relve vaDhavANathI dhrAMgadhrA ane tyAMthI haLavada sudhI jAya che. relvenA ekadara vistAra gujarAtamAM patharAyelI relve ane zAkhAonI sakSipta vigata pariziSTamAM batAvelI che. te uparAMta relvenA nakazA paNu mukhya History of Indian Railways, (1932-83), p. 289. .. 19 p. 50. www.umaragyanbhandar.com 1. - Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ..

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arvAcIna samayane vyavahAra L[ 187 zAkhAo darzAve che. kaccha sivAyanA gujarAtane vistAra Azare 56 hajAra corasa mAIla che. "hindanI relvene ItihAsa" e nAmanA graMthamAMthI taiyAra karelI vigata pramANe gujarAtamAM patharAyelI relvenI laMbAI Azare 2,700 mAIla thAya che. A AMkaDo taddana cokkasa che, ema te naja kahI zakAya. keTalIka zAkhAo prAMtanI bahAra jatI haze te keTalIka paraprAMtIya relve aMdara AvatI haze. chatAM sAmAnya rIte gujarAtanI relvenA vistArane khyAla AvI zakaze. pariziSTamAM batAvyA pramANe gujarAtamAM 604-34 mAIla paheLA pATAnI, 555-41 mAIla madhyama pATAnI ane pa61-12 mAIla sAMkaDA pATAnI relve AvelI che. ekalA gujarAtamAM relvene vistAra 1,720087 mAIla thAya che. kAThIyAvADamAM 986-26 mAIla madhyama pATAnI relve AvelI che. eTale ekaMdara vistAra Azare 2,700 mAIla thAya che. sarAsarI eka mAIla relve Azare 21 corasa mAIla vistArane lAbha Ape che. IlAkAnA bIjA vibhAge karatAM gujarAtamAM relave sArA pramANamAM che. "rastA ne revenI harIphAI" viSenI kamiTi lakhe che che ke I. sa. 1931-32 mAM IlAkAnA khAlasA mulakamAM Azare 2,500 mAIlanI relve hatI. tenI gaNatrI pramANe sarAsarI eka mAIla rehave 30 corasa mAIla vistArane lAbha Ape che ke jethI relvethI vadhAremAM vadhAre dUra kaI pradeza phakta 15 mAIla ja che. gujarAtamAM uparanI gaNatrI pramANe sAdhAraNa rIte kaI pradeza relvethI 10 mAIlathI vadhAre dUra nahIM hoya ema dhArI zakAya, jo ke ghaNI jagyAe relve enAthI vadhAre dUra haze. te ja kamiTi jaNAve che ke hAlanA Arthika nabaLAInA vakhatamAM eka be apavAda sivAya IlAkAmAM relavenI khIlavaNane mATe taka nathI."ra gujarAtamAM ATalI relavethI vyavahAra sAre che ema kahevuM bhUlabhareluM che. vyApAranI pragatine mATe AthI vadhAre relavenI jarUra che. 1-2 Report, Road and Rail Competition, (Bombay Presidency), pp. 5-8

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188 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna jUdA jUdA vyavahAramAM rokAyelI vastI gujarAtamAM rastA ane relavene vyavahAra mukhyatve cAle che. jamInamArge vyavahAranAM A banne agatyanAM sAdhana che. jaLamArge vyavahAra gujarAtamAM nahIM jevo che. kAThIyAvADanAM amuka baMdare bAda karatAM gujarAtanAM baMdarono vyavahAra phakta kinArAnA pradezo sAthe rahyo che. kAThIyAvADa ane gujarAtanA darIyAkinAre dezI vahANe mAraphate vyavahAra cAle che. kayAM kyAM, keTalAM vahANe, kyA kayA mAlano vyavahAra kare che tenI cokkasa khabara maLI zakatI nathI. eTale te viSe kaMI abhiprAya baMdhAto nathI. I. sa. 1931 nA vastIpatrakanI gaNatrI pramANe gujarAtamAM vyavahAranA dhaMdhAmAM keTalI vastI rokAyelI che te nIcenA koThAmAM batAvyuM che. kAThe naM. 14 mukhya ke Azrita ekaMdara rokAyelI vastI vyavahAranuM nAma . ( pazcima hiMdanI gujarAta | ejansI | jansI | kula pANImArgane vyavahAra 9528 9397 18925 relvene vyavahAra 21043 9526 30569 176 67 30720 rastAne vyavahAra 13053 tAraTapAla vagere vyavahAra 2706 1942 4148 kula 46,330| 38,532, 84,862 | 1. Census of India, Vol. XIX. (Baroda), Part I, p. 272 and Vol. VIII. Part II (B.P.); p. 223; Vol. X. W. I. States Agency Report p. 73.

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arvAcIna samayanA vyavahAra [ 189 A uparathI khyAla Avaze ke gujarAtanI vastInA mukhya bhAga relve te rastAnA vyavahAramAM rekAyelA che. pANImA nA vyavahAra jIja che, tema ja tAra TapAla vagerenI sagavaDa ghaNI ja ochI che. eka dara vastIne mAtra pANI Take! A vyavahAramAM reAkAyelA che. zrI. khuzAlacaMda zAha kahe che tema dezanA ke prAMtanA vyavahAra jUdAM jUdAM sAdhanA vacce evI sarakhI rIte vaheMcAI javA joie ke jethI eka Mdare prajAne saMgIna lAbha thAya.1 gujarAtanA vyApAranA bhaviSyane AdhAra sArA ne pUratA kAMkarIvALA rastA, pUratI relvenI zAkhAo, relve ane meTaranA vyavahAramAM pramANasara pragati ane khadarAnI khIlavaNI para che. 1. K. T. Shah, Trade, Tariffs and Transpor, pp. 400-401

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prakaraNa 9 muM upasaMhAra bhUgoLa e vijJAnanI eka zAkhA che. bhUgoLavijJAnanA abhyAsamAM pRthvI ane anya AkAzI grahanI racanA, vividha AvaraNonI sthiti, sarvavyApaka havAmAnanI ghaTanA ane bhUpRSTha upara vasatAM prANu ane vanaspatinI vividhatAne samAveza thAya che. bhinna bhinna prAkRtika banAvo pRthvInA paDa para kayAM ane zA mATe thAya che ane temanI manuSya upara zI asara thAya che vagere zodhI kADhavuM ane samajAvavuM, e bhUgoLavidyAnuM kArya che. prAkRtika paristhiti, manuSyapravRtti tathA saMskRti sAthenA saMbaMdhanuM sakAraNa saMzodhana karavuM, e bhUgoLavijJAnanuM mukhya dRSTibindu che. bhaugolika daSTie anveSaNa saMpUrNa thAya te mATe bhUgoLazAstrIne prANIvijJAna, vanaspativijJAna, bhUstaravijJAna, havAmAnavijJAna ane arthavijJAnanA siddhAne Azraya levo paDe che. prAkRtika paristhitinAM mukhya aMge cAra che. bhUpRSTharacanA, AhavA, vanaspati ane prANIo, teo thaDe ke ghaNe aMze manuSya pravRtti upara asara karyA vagara hetAM nathI. AbehavA, vanaspati ke prANIonI utpatti, vividhatA ane viSamatAne AdhAra vaLI bhUpRSTharacanA para rahe che. pUrva goLArdhamAM AvelA ezIyA khaMDanA hindustAna dezanA gujarAta prAMta kudaratI rIte muMbaI ilAkAnA vibhAgothI jU paDe che, paraMtu rAjakIya sagavaDa mATe te judAM judAM jIllA ane dezI rAjyamAM vaheMcAI gayo che. uttaramAM retALa pradeza ane aravallI uccapradeza, pUrve DuMgarALa bhIlapradeza ane viMdhya ne sAtapUDAnI

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upasaMhAra [ 11 dhAre, dakSiNe sAtapUDAnI dhAre ane DAMganuM vana, ane pazcime sAgara e lagabhaga abhedya keTathI gujarAta eka kudaratI vibhAga banelo che. gujarAtamAM dareka prakAranI prAkRtika paristhiti che, eTale tenA paNa kudaratI vibhAgo thaI zake ema che. uttara taraphanA sapATa medAnavALA pradezamAM phakta IzAna khUNA sivAya koI jagyAe DuMgarALa bhUmi nathI. kacchanA raNamAM adazya thatI banAsa ane sarasvatI nadIo uparAMta moTI nadI sAbaramatI tyAM AvelI che. bhUstarazAstrIonI mAnyatA pramANe eka vakhata prAcIna sarasvatI nadI A pradezamAM vahIne kacchanA ke khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM maLatI hatI. sAbaramatI ane mahI nadIonI madhyamAM Avelo carotarano pradeza nadIonA jaLamaLathI atyaMta phaLadrupa bane che. moTA pravAhavALI mahI nadI vyavahArogya nathI, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa temAMthI nahere bAMdhIne khetI mATe upayoga thato nathI. mahI, narmadA ane tApI nadIonA vaheNavALA pradezamAM phakta pUrva sarahada sivAya sapATa rasALa medAne AvelAM che. samudrakinArA AgaLanI jamIna khArAzavALI havAthI rasALa nathI. eka vakhata narmadA ane tApI pazcima hindanA vyavahAranAM mukhya sAdhana hatAM ane bharUca ane surata agatyanAM baMdara hatAM, paNa temanA pravAhamAM dhasaDAI AvatA jaLamaLa vaDe baMdare nirUpayogI thayAM che ane temAM lAMbA aMtara sudhI vahANe pharI zakatAM nathI. nahere paNa A nadIomAMthI haju baMdhAI nathI. lagabhaga AkhI pUrva sarahada eka uccapradeza jevI che. cheka IzAnamAM AvelI aravallInI girimALA jUnAmAM jUnI che, ema bhUstarazAstrIonuM mAnavuM che. Abu ane ArAsura parvatanI aMtargabha racanA jvALAmukhInA jevI che, kAraNa ke tyAM vAraMvAra bhUkaMpa thAya che te Aje paNa jANItuM che. pUrva sarahadane dvArapALa pAvAgaDha paNa agnijanita ke Agneya khaDaka che, ema bhUstarazAstrIoe sAbIta karyuM che. mahIkAMThA ane revAkAMThAnA

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192] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna pradeze paNa samudra sapATIthI 500 phUTa karatAM paNa vadhAre uMcANavALA che. dakSiNane jhADIvALo pradeza paNa bhinna prAkRtika racanAne lIdhe ja paDe che. kacchane retALa pradeza samudramAMthI upasI Avela dvIpa che ke jenI pAse darIyo nadIonA jaLamaLa vaDe pUrAI gayA che. kAThIyAvADa paNa ThIpamAMthI dvIpakalpa banelo che, kAraNa ke haju mULa gujarAta ne kAThIyAvADanI vaccamAM nIcANavALI naLakAMThAnI jamIna che. AhavA AkhA gujarAtamAM AthI ekasarakhI nathI. samudrakinArA AgaLanA pradezamAM havA bhejavALI ane sukhakAraka che. retALa pradezamAM havA sUkI ne garama che. pUrva taraphanA ane kAThIyAvADanA DuMgarALa pradezamAM havA ThaMDI rahe che. dakSiNanA jhADIvALA vibhAgamAM ane kAThIyAvADanA gIra AgaLa vadhAre varasAda paDe che. eka uttaranA retALa medAnamAM ne kacchamAM ghaNo ocho varasAda paDe che. bhinna bhinna prAkRtika paristhitine laIne A rIte AbehavAmAM pheraphAra mAlama paDe che. gujarAtamAM ochAvattA pramANamAM dareka prakAranI pedAza utpanna thAya che, paNa khetInI pedAza temAM mukhya che. nadIonA kAMpathI banelI kasadAra jamIna retara, surata ane bharUcanA sapATa pradezamAM jovAmAM Ave che, eTale tyAM kapAsa pukaLa thAya che. bharUca jIllAmAM utpanna thate kapAsa UMcI jAtane che, jo ke A kapAsa amerIkA ke IjIptanA kapAsanA je lAMbA tAMtaNAvALo nathI. anukULa AbehavAne lIdhe caretaramAM tamAkune pAka sAre thAya che. dakSiNa gujarAtamAM vadhAre varasAda paDato hevAthI DAMgaranI pedAza tyAM mukhya che. DuMgarALa jamInamAM makAI sivAya kaMI pAkatuM nathI. te uparAMta bIjI khetInI pedAza jevI ke juvAra, bAjarI, telIbIyAM vagere ghaNI jagyAe pAke che. khetInI pedAzane lagate meTAmAM meTa. udyoga sutarAu kApaDa banAvavAne che ke je mukhyatve karIne amadAvAdamAM. kendrita thayela che ane jana presa vagere kArakhAnAM gujarAtamAM ghaNI

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upasaMhAra [ 193 jagyAe jovAmAM Ave che. nAnA pAyA para cAlatA DAMgara khAMDavAnA, ghauM daLavAnA vagere udyogA ghaNAkharA nAnAM ke moTAM zaheramAM AvelA che. eka e apavAda sivAya khAMDa banAvavAnA udyoga ke sIgAreTa banAvavAnAM kArakhAnAM hajI gujarAtamAM sthApavAmAM AvyAM nathI. A vibhAgamAM AvelA kharaDA, coTIlA, zetruMjo vagere nAnA DuMgarA dhAsanAM bIDAthI chavAyelA che ke jyAM dvAraucheranA dhaMdhA sArA cAle che. pazcima sarahadanA parva te, giranAra ane gIranA DuMgarA ImAratI jhADAthI bharapUra che ane te lAkaDAnI nikAza ghaNI thAya che. dakSiNa gujarAta tarapha phaLAu jhADA sArA pramANamAM uge che, paNa hajI A udyoga joie teTalA khIlyA nathI. ja MgalI vRkSeAnI pedAzamAMthI ghaNA udyogA ane khAsa karIne kAgaLa banAvavAnA udyogasthApI zakAya ema che, paNa te dizAmAM kaMI tapAsa thaI nathI. gujarAtamAM jUdAM jUdAM prANIe jovAmAM Ave che, paNa khAsa karIne DhArAnuM pramANa vadhAre che. uttara taraphanA vaDhIyAra baLada, DAMga taranA DAMgI baLada ane kAThIyAvADanA gIra baLada khetI mATe uttama gaNAya che. gIranI bheMse pramANamAM vadhAre dUdha ApatI hAvAthI tenI bahAra nikAza mAya che. te uparAMta kacchamAM gheADA sArA uchare che ane gIramAM siMha jovAmAM Ave che. prANIonI pedAzane lagA rezamI ke unanA kApaDa banAvavAnA udyoga ke cAmaDAneA taiyAra mAla banAvavAne udyoga hajI gujarAtamAM meATA pAyA para sthApavAmAM AvyA nathI. vaLI carAtaramAM te jApharAbAdamAM mAkhaNa banAvavAnA udyoga mATA pAyA para sthApI zakAya ema che, paNa te tarapha joie teTaluM dhyAna apAyuM nathI. gujarAtanI mukhya khanIjasaMpatti mIThuM ane ImAratI patthara che. te sivAya sIsuM, lokhaMDa, phaTakaDI ane abarakha paNa jUdI jUdI jagyAethI maLI Ave che. A sarva khanIjone upayeAga sthAnika udyogAmAM nahIM thatA heAvAthI temanI nikAsa thAya che. gujarAtamAM keTalIka jagyAe khanIjamizrita unA pANInA jharA che, paNa temanA 13

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194] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna vaidakIya dRSTie upayoga thatuM nathI. jo ke gujarAtamAM audyogika vikAsa sAdhavAne mATe moTAmAM moTI khoTa kolasAnI che, paNa tenA DuMgarAmAMthI vahetA pravAhamAM agAdha jaLazakti che. A jaLazaktithI utpanna thatI vidyuta vaDe ghaNA udyogo moTA pAyA para sthApI zakAya ema che, paNa te bAbata pUratI tapAsa haju thaI nathI. tAjetaramAM gujarAtamAM bharUca ane ghodhA AgaLa khanIjatelanA kUvAnI zodha thaI che, ne zarUAtamAM kudaratI gyAsanI ghaNI vaparAza vadhI zake ema che. AthI khyAla Avaze ke gujarAtamAM audyogika vikAsane mATe kudaratI samRddhi ghaNI che, paNa tenA mATe joIe teTaluM saMzodhana thayuM nathI. lokonI ane khAsa karIne rAjyanI udAsInatA A vastusthiti mATe javAbadAra che. vividha prAkRtika paristhitine lIdhe gujarAtamAM vastInuM pramANa ekasarakhuM mAlama paDatuM nathI. sauthI ghADAmAM ghADI vastI cAretaramAM che; kAraNa ke tyAMnI atizaya phaLadrupa jamInamAM ghaNuM kheDutenuM poSaNa thaI zake che. anya rasALa medAnamAM vastI ochAvatAM pramANamAM AvelI che; paNa pazcima sarahadanA ane kAThIyAvADanAM DuMgarALa pradezamAM vastInuM pramANa ghaNuM ochuM che. sauthI ochAmAM ochI vastI kacchanA retALa pradezamAM che ke jyAM varasAda ghaNo ocho paDe che ane retALa bhUmi khetI mATe nirUpayegI che. vividha kudaratI racanAne lIdhe gujarAtamAM vasatI jUdI jUdI jAtionI khAsIyatAmAM pheraphAra mAlama paDe che. sAre zarIrabAMdhe, vyApArI buddhi ane karakasara ghaNe bhAge uttara gujarAtanA lokomAM jovAmAM Ave che ane dakSiNa gujarAtamAM vasatA loke sAmAnya rIte tIvra buddhivALA ane mojazekhane cAhanArA hoya che. DuMgarALa ane jaMgalothI bharapUra pradezamAM jovAmAM AvatI keTalIka anArya jAte medAnamAM vasatI sudharelI prajAnA saMsargamAM AvelI nahIM hevAthI haju jaMgalI avasthAmAM che. pUrva sarahadanA DuMgarAmAM vasatA

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upasaMhAra [ 15 bhIla, nAyakaDA vagere anArya jAte zaravIra, baMDakhara ne lUMTArA tarIke jANItI che. mahIkAMThA ane caretaramAM jovAmAM AvatI kaLI ane dhArALAnI jAta haju cAra ane gunhegAra tarIke prakhyAta che. kAThIyAvADamAM uMcA, kadAvara, zuravIra ne bahAravaTIyA tarIke jANItI kAThI vagere DuMgarALa pradezamAM vasatI jAte AvelI che. gujarAtanA samudrakinArA AgaLa vasatI khAravAnI jAta eka vakhata sAhasika nAvika prajA tarIke prasiddha hatI. teo vahANavaTAmAM nipuNa hatA. lAMbI darIyAI saphara karatA ane nakazA tathA kaMpAsane upayoga sArI rIte karI zakatA. muMbaI AvatI aneka AgaboTone bahAdura ) kaptAna ane sAhasika lAsakara haju gujarAta pUrA pADe che. gujarAtIonI moTAmAM moTI khAsIyata ke jenAthI hAla pratyeka gujarAtI vyApArI koma tarIke prasiddha che ane paraprAMta ke paradezamAM jenAthI temanI pratiSThA paDe che te temanI sanAtanI vyApArI buddhi che. prAcIna samayathI gujarAta vyApAranI pravRttimAM AgaLa vadhelo prAMta hatuM. te vakhatanA rAjyakartAnI jAhojalAlInuM mukhya kAraNa prAMtIya vyApAranI AbAdI hatuM. te samayanA musAphare ane yAtrALuoe gujarAtanA vyApAranI mukatakaMThe prazaMsA karelI che. hindu rAjyanA samayamAM tenI jAherajalAlI vRddhi pAmI ane bAdazAhI samayamAM te ja kAyama rahI. mogala rAjyanA samayamAM ekaMdare vyApAra vRddhigata thayo nahIM, paraMtu te rAjyanA asta pachI vyApAraudyoganI sthiti bagaDavA lAgI. tyArapachInA azAntinA kALamAM suSupti avasthA bhagavato A prAMtane vyApAra aMgrejI rAjyanA udaya pachI ane relve dAkhala thayA pachI pharIthI apUrva rIte khIlI nI . svataMtra hindu ane bAdazAhI samayamAM hAlanA jevA vyavahAranAM sAdhane nahIM hovA chatAM te samayane vyApAra eTale khIleluM hatuM ke gujarAtane taiyAra mAla pazcimanA dezomAM melA

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cIna samayamAM yAMtrika vyavahArasAmAM sArI rIte 16 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna mUlya vecAte. vaLI te vakhatanuM vahANavaTuM ane nANAvaTuM prAMtanI vyApArI prajAnA hAthamAM levAthI AMtararASTrIya ke AMtaraprAMtIya vyApArane lAbhakAraka hatuM. gujarAtanAM baMdare punarnikAzane vyApAra paNa sArI rIte khIlelo hato. arvAcIna samayamAM je ke zAnti ne vyavasthA pramANamAM sArI rIte sthapAyAM ane jaLavAyAM che, ane yAMtrika vyavahAranAM sAdhano dareka ThekANe vaparAzamAM AvatAM jAya che. chatAM prAMtIya vyApAra egya dizAmAM khIlelo nathI. gujarAtanAM sarva baMdaranuM nUra muMbaI baMdare harI lIdhuM che. kAThIyAvADanAM svataMtra baMdare tenI sAthe harIphAI kare che te paNa madhyastha sarakArane rUcatuM nathI. kAThIyAvADanAM baMdaronI (jemake bhAvanagara ne beDI) hAlanI khIlavaNuM darzAve che ke je rAjyanI saMgIna sahAyatA ane sahAnubhUti hoya te paDI bhAgelAM keTalAMka baMdarane punarjIvana maLI zake tema che. amuka baMdarane kudaratI geralAbho eTalA badhA pratikULa nathI ke temanI khIlavaNuM bibhula thaI zake ja nahIM. gujarAtamAM vyavahAranI sthiti paNa sateSakAraka nathI. sArA ane pUratAM kAMkarIvALA rastAonI khoTa haju pUrAI nathI. comAsAmAM kAcI saDako vyavahArane mATe taddana nirUpayegI thaI jAya che. relvenI sagavaDa paNa ghaNu jagyAe jovAmAM AvatI nathI. jyAM re vyavahAra nathI tyAM keTaleka ThekANe moTaravyavahAra zarU thayo che, paNa moTare relve sAthe TuMkA aMtaramAM spardhA kare che tethI relvenI sattA khaLabhaLI uThI che. jyAM relave bAMdhavI kharcALa ke pratikULa hoya tyAM meTaravyavahAra vadhAravAnI khAsa jarUra che. khetIpradhAna prAMtamAM khetInI pidAza dUra gAmaDAMomAMthI relave mathaka sudhI lAvavAne moTara atyaMta upayogI sAdhana che, paNa moTaravyavahAra vRddhi pAme te pahelAM rastAnI sthiti paNa sudharavI joIe. vaLI moTara tathA relave aMdara aMdara spardhA kare tene badale sahakAra sAdhIne kaMi vyavasthita rIte pitApitAnAM ema kSetramAM vyavahAra calAve te prAMtanA vyApArane ekaMdara ghaNe

Page #228
upasaMhAra [ 17 lAbha karI zakAya ema che. vaLI relveno Adarza "kema Avaka vadhAravI" e na hovo joIe, paNa je pradezane te lAbha ApatI hoya tene vyApAra kema vadhAravo e Adarza have joIe. gujarAtanI vyApArI prajA temanA sAhasika ane udyogazIla svabhAva mATe prasiddha che. pratikULa saMjogomAM paNa A prajAe prAMtIya vyApArane nAza pAmavA dIdhuM nathI, tema ja anukULa saMjoge maLatAM temanI sAhasika vRttino upayoga karavAnuM visaratI nathI. amadAvAdane AbAdI bhegavato apUrva mIlaudyoga te viziSTatAne javalaMta dAkhalo 1 che. "sAgaradhArA keLavelo AMtararASTrIya samAgama gujarAtIonI vyavahArabuddhinuM tema ja emanA pragatipremanuM mUla che. gujarAtanuM hajAre varSanuM vahANavaTuM gayuM che te kayAre pAchuM Ave eno AdhAra keTale aMze prajA svarAjya meLavI zake tenA para che. A bAbatamAM ke lAkha nirAzAmAM "siMdhiyA sTIma nevIgezana kaMpanI" amara AzAnI jhAMkhI kare che. muMbaI, amadAvAda ne vaDodarAmAM maLatI relvee vinimayanA navAM pratApI kendro ubhA karyA che. have viMdhyA ne sahyAdri bhedAI gayA che ne rajapUtAnAnA raNamAM saraLa vyApAramA khulyA che. jema jema vyavahAranA sAdhana vadhatAM jaze tema tema vyApArane vizALa kSetre maLyAM jaze. Ama gujarAtanI vyApArapravRttinuM bhAvi adhika suMdara dekhAya che."

Page #229
198] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna pariziSTa vyApAra ane vyavahAra saMbaMdhI kAThAo gujarAtanA dareka jAtanA vyApAra ne vyavahAramAM rokAyelI vastI batAvato ke naM. 1 mukhya, Azrita ke peTA kamANI chalo ke ejansI kula vastI rIte baMdha karatI vastI. vyApAramAM vyavahAramAM 10,686 2,173 19,839 12,543 12,346 6,417 7,ra69 3,68 2,166 5.978 amadAvAda jIllo 9,99,768 kheDA jIllo 7,41650 surata jIllo 6,93,613 paMcamahAla jIlle 4,54,526 bharUca jIllo 3,34,170 revAkAMThA ejansI 8,88,086 mahIkAMThA ejansI 5,18,164 surata ejansI 2,16725 khaMbhAtanuM rAjya 87,761 vaDodarAnuM rAjya 24,43,007 pazcima hiMdanI ejansI 39,99,250 1,152 8,010 12,739 1604 2,185 67,065 12,303 1,403 1,657 893 15,863 38,532 kula 113,76,720 ra71,069 84,862 Compiled from the Census Reports of 1931.

Page #230
vyApAra ane vyavahAra saMbaMdhI koThAo, [ 199 judA judA vyApAra ne vyavahAramAM rokAyelI ekadara vastI batAvate ke naM. 2 (hajAramAM) mukhya, Azrita ke peTA kamANI tarIke dhaMdhe karatI vastI vyApAra | vyavahAra 7 | vyavahAranI vyApAranI jAta pazcima ) gujarAta hinda | gujarAtI hinda ejansI ejansI pazcima jAta. zarAphI, nANAvaTI ke dalAlIne dhaMdhe pANImAgane 9 | vyavahAra 14 | 8 | relvene vyavahAra 13 | 17 ra1 | 10 | dareka jAtanA kApaDa vaNane vyApAra khorAkanI cIjone vyApAra rastAne 54 43 | 13 | 18 vyavahAra) tAraTapAla cAmaDAM, hoTela, davA, rasAyaNa, vagerenA vyApAra 68 ] 50 | 3 | 2 vagere kula kula 149 9 1ra 122 46 39 kula Compiled from the Census Reports of 1931.

Page #231
200 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUMgALavijJAna muMbaI aMdara ne muMbai ilAkAnAM bIjA kharA vacce cAlatA darIyAi kinArAnA vyApAra (varSa 1928 thI 1932) AyAta-kAThA naM. 3 ( lAkhamAM ) lAkAnAM baMdarA ilAkAnI aMdaranAM braTiza baMdarA ilAkAnI aMdaranAM te sivAyanAM baMdarA kaccha kAThIyAvADa gAvA bAkInAM baMdarA kula ilAkAnAM baMdarA ilAkAnI aMdaranA briTiza baMdA ilAkAnI aMdaranAM te sivAyanAM baMdarA kaccha kAThIyAvADa gAvA bAkInAM baMdarA 1927-1928 |1929 1930-1931 28 -29 -30 za. rA. za. 143 26 584 178 143 132 76 117 10 12 941 1115 nikAza-kAThA na. 4 CO 291 42 318 pa 15 28 494 178 OM 8 39 -29 -30 za. rUA. 41 281 40 14 596 220 224 -31 za. 123 16 362 156 663 ( lAkhamAM ) 1927 1928/1929 1930 | 1931 28 -31 -32 za. rUA. za. 187 -32 za. 152 27 11 353 80 }x 213 39 21 281 251 232 51 39 39 18 16 17 kula 722 613 | 520 | 522 Vide Report of the Sea-Borne Trade of the Bombay Presidency, (excluding Sindh) for the year ending March 31, 1932.

Page #232
vyApAra ane vyavahAra sabaMdhI kAThAo [ 201 gujarAtanAM baMdarAnA vyApAra batAvatA kAMThA naM. 5 ( hajAramAM ) dholerA dhAdhA AyAta nikAza AyAta nikAza AyAta nikAza I bharUca va 3800 143 za. za. za. za. 1911-12, 509 253 154 1912-13 510 15 241 1913-14 481 1310 113 1914-15 556 544, 708 1915-16, 721 1916-17 470 66, 170 | 1917=18 501 8135 144 1918-19 464 56 199 1919=20 443 9 225 1920-21, 228 231 256 1921-22 261 289 206 1922-23 250 va ja khusara AyAta nikAsa za. za. za. za 3146 4095 1777 316 411 152 3317 1334 265 108 1977 3569 1609 431 783 194 2658 1120 297 527 256 2222 1038, 189 247 229, 2481 1089 237 |340 2260 3546) 1301 276 382 26, 2735 1991 322 536 179 2622 812| 314 59 285 220221046, 184 26ra 410 2473 1264 214 24 3285 170 464 2625 2857bharUcanA bhegA valasADa khalAta AyAtanikAza AyAta nikAza AyAta nikAza AyAta nikAzca surata damaNa za. za. za. za. rUA. za. za. rUA. 34 43 38 29 40 1 2 41 4ss 61 1911-12| 857 1322, 1861 1165 1912-13 850 1464 1984 624 1913-14 896 1624 18261078| 1914-15 708 11466| 1421 946 1915-16, 381 7820 1266| 694 1916-17 284 1132, 1448] 2447 1917-18, 543 1311 921 540 1918-199 962 1321 1010 1098 1919-20 1001 1737 1249 660 1920-21 737 1863 1330 656, 120 192122 858 1799 1972 808 113 pa 54 71 89 Vide District Gazeteers of the Bombay Presidency. 39 pa 20 18 393 99 508 131 321 163 601 105 549 2104 563 /112 362 114 257 10 409 * Dha 34 292 re 446 0

Page #233
202 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna kAThIyAvADanAM baMdarone vyApAra batAvatA ke na. 6 (sane 1910-11 sudhI.) (hajAramAM) bhAvanagara soraTha navAnagara ne morabI AyAta | nikAza | AyAta | nikAza | AyAta nikAza | rUA. | rU. | rUA. | rUA. rU. | rUDA 1901-02,10,59 5,3868,209 2,076 4,030 758 1904-05 9,785 rara,1466,179 3900 4,671 3,758 1907-0811,3ra7 21,9587,283 58,219 : 5,012 1973 1910-1114,318 191409,527 8,799 6,120 4,820 kAThIyAvADanAM baMdarane AyAta vyApAra batAvatA kaThora naM. 7 sane 1931 nA | sane 1932 nA | eprIlathI ogasTaeprIlathI ogasTa vadhAro ke ghaTADe sudhInI AyAta sudhInI AyAta + rUA. 5 rUA. bhAvanagara 13,92,239 1, ra,46,598 +138,54,360 1,43,429 3,19,636 - 1,76,27 navAnagara 26,06,915 20,77,478 - 5,29,436 vaDodarA 21,47,987 19,40,158 - 2,07,829 merabI 6,46,967 6,19,743 - 27,224 jUnAgaDha 3,17,358 1,79,230 - 1,38,128 jApharAbAda 43,460 27,000 16,460 piribaMdara 1 Vide Gazeteer for Kathiawar. (1914). 2 , Times of India dated July 31, 1933.

Page #234
vyApAra ane vyavahAra saMbaMdhI koThAo [ 203 kaThe naM. 7 (cAlu). sane 1931 nA | sane 1932 nA | mAla eprIlathI oNgasTa | eprIlathI ogasTa vadhAre ke ghaTADo sudhInI AyAta | sudhInI AyAta ke - 1888 11752972 +11751084 | khAMDa 1887660 2436539 + 548879 yAMtrika sAmAna. 193945 54044 + 346504 sutara ne vaNaTane sAmAna 80694 421814 + 341120 sutarAu kApaDa 45722 ra70357 + 2246 35 lokhaMDa 22 3986 223986 raMga ne cAmaDuM kamAvavAne sAmAna 72421 1986 01 + 126180 yAMtrika vAhanana nA vibhAgo 6610 53798 - 47188 I poTaleMDasImeMTI 2050 31361 - 29311 kAThIyAvADanAM baMdarono paradeza sAthe sIdhe vyApAra AyAta vyApAra batAvate keTho naM. 8 ( lAkha rUpIAmAM ) sane 1931-3ra | sane 1932-33 dezarAjyanAM baMdaro TakA kimata | TakA bhAvanagara 76 2 33 navAnagara 84 7ra vaDodarA morabI paraba dara jUnAgaDha 25. kiMmata kI 2 2 2 2 9 hara - kula | ra77 / 100 5 413 | 100 | Vide Kathiawar Trade Statistics, March 1933.

Page #235
204 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna nikAza vyApAra batAvate keDe naM. 8 (lAkha rUpIAmAM ) dezI rAjyanAM baMdare | sane 1931-3ra ! sane 1932-33 ( kiMmata ! TakA 1 kimata | TakA bhAvanagara navAnagara jUnAgaDha || 24 vaDodarA ribaMdara 67 | 100 | 81 | 100 viramagAma ane dhaMdhukAnI lAinadorIdvArA thaine briTiza rAjya sAthe thatA kAThIyAvADanAM dezI rAjyone vyApAra (meTe bhAge paradezathI AyAta thayelo mAla). batAvato kAThe naM. 10 (lAkha rUpIAmAM) sane 1931-3ra | sane 1932-33 dezI rAjya kiMmata | TakA ! kiMmata | TakA bhAvanagara 225 [ 73 bIjA dezI rAja ! 115 84 kula 178 | 100 | 309 | 100 Vide Kathiawar Trade Statistics, March 1933.

Page #236
vyApAra ane vyavahAra saMbaMdhI keThAo [ ra05 mULa gujarAtanI mukhya relve ane zAkhAo saMbaMdhI kenaM. 11 | (varSa 1930-31) pATAnI relve ke zAkhAnuM nAma | paheLAI | laMbAI eikaMdara Avaka kTa ne IcamAM. ( hajAramAM). 5-6 gAyakavADa mahesANA relave (1) viramagAma mahesANA taraMgA hIla (2) mahesANA kAkosI metrANa ! (3) mANaMda roDa harIja [43-3 | 25601 2066 (4) cANasmA becarAjI - bhAyANuM reDa (5) vIjApura kaDI AMbalIyAsaNa 2) tAtI velI reve 155-72 2657 3 amadAvAda prAMtIja relve | 3-39 8873 834 rAjapIpaLA rAjyanI re 2-6 3924 241 cAMpAnera zIvarAjapura pANI re 2-6 3068 144 6 naDIyAda kapaDavaMja relve 2-6 28:18 180 [ godharA luNAvADA relave 2-6 25-49 106 8) gAyakavADa peTalAda relave 5-6 2142 486 9) pAlaNapura DIsA relve 17-11 - 105 1tArApura khaMbhAta re 5-6 12:36 11 pIpaloDa devagaDhabArIA relve 2-6 upara 12 amadAvAda dhoLakA dhaMdhukA | reve | 3-3 1) pAlaNapurathI amadAvAda zAkhA 8236 14 vIramagAmathI vaDhavANa zAkhA 15 bharUcathI jaMbusara zAkhA ) jaMbusarathI kAvI , T2 72 28 218 sannIthI deha , 3-3 106 che. 72:15 | AMkaDA jUdA 15:0Nbdha 3905 TImaLatA nathI

Page #237
206 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna ke naM. 11 (cAlu) | pATAnI | relve ke zAkhAnuM nAma pahoLAI ! laMbAI eikaMdara Avaka gTa ne IcamAM 16) valasADathI viramagAma sudhInI mukhya zAkhA | 1 ANaMdathI gedhara zAkhA 225167 . 5-6 4895 18) khArAghoDAthI viramagAma zAkhA | 5-6 2212 19 vaDodarAthI godharA zAkhA (AMkaDA judA maLatA nathI 2. gedharAthI dAhoda zAkhA 45-41 2661 21) vAsada kaThAnA relve rarI berIyAvI vaDatALa relve 3.71 23, gAyakavADa rAjyanA tAbAnI) zAkhAo 355973 2211 kala 17ra087 9418 Compiled from the History of Indian Railways (1981-82)

Page #238
vyApAra ane vyavahAra saMbaMdhI koThAo [ 207 kAThIyAvADanI 29 ne zAkhAo saMbadhI kAThe naM. 12 | (varSa 1930-31) (hajAramAM). pATAnI relave ke zAkhAnuM nAma ' pahoLAi | laMbAI ekaMdara Avaka phaTa ne IcamAM bhAvanagara rAjyanI relve | 3-3 |2071 3009 ra gaMDaLa rAjyanI relve (1) gAMDaLa relve (2) jetalasara rAjakeTa re IS3-3 (3) khIjaDIyA dhArI relve (18967 2467 jAmanagara ne dvArakA relve (1) jAmanagara relve (2) jAmanagara dvArakA relave (3) okhAmaMDaLa relve No ja jUnAgaDha rAjyanI relave T14833 1385 5 morabI rAjyanI relve 2033 384 6) parabaMdara rAjyanI relve |dhrAMgadhrA rAjyanI re 3-3 40.28 198 kula 98626 10920 Compiled from the History of Indian Railways (1981-82).

Page #239
208 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna gujarAtanI ekaMdara relave saMbaMdhI keTha naM. 13 (varSa 1930-31 ) ekaMdara relve vibhAganuM kSetraphaLa madhyama nAma ci. mA. sAMkaDA 1 pATAnI pATAnI | pATAnI ekaMdara | ekaMdara | ekaMdara relave | relve | relve keTalA eka mAila re | ce. mA. vistArane lAbha Ape che te vistAra 5 TO mULa gujarAtI pa500 60434 555-41 56112 1720987 21 (kacchasivAya) kAThIyAvADa 1000 ... | 98ra6 .. | 98626 21 kula _pa650016 0434, 154167 561-12 270713 21 Compiled from the History of Indian Railways (1981-89)

Page #240
fylm qwh fyfy >> % + 8 - vyApAra ane vyavahAra saMbaMdhI koThAo. [ 209 mULa gujarAtanI bI. bI. enDa sI. AI relavenI sAthe harIphAI karatI moTaranI saMkhyA batAvato koTho naM. 14 kayA sTezanathI kyA sTezana sudhI.] aMtara mAIla | meTara basanI saMkhyA samAntara raste navasArIthI gaNadevI naMdarabArathI doDesI deDe sIthI naradANuM bharUcathI jabusara amadAvAdathI sAbaramatI che sANaMda ANaMdathI naDIyAda vAsadathI borasada naDIyAdathI kapaDavaMja godharAthI kharasAlayA Derola hAlola zIvarAjapura DAkerathI umareTha , sevAlIyA nareDAthI amadAvAda sarakhejathI elIsabrIja bAvaLAthI dhoLakAthI , 13 13 28 ja che da .... - i I - - 28 - 8 ADakatarA raste viramagAmathI mAMDaNa ANaMdathI borasada mahemadAvAdathI mahudhA DAkora kapaDavaMja 58 N) Vide Report of the Road and Railway Competition Committee in Governor's Provinces, (1933).

Page #241
210 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna gujarAtane relave mAraphate tha vyApAra batAvata kAThe naM. 15 (varSa 1921-22) ( hajAramAM) prAMta ke vibhAga AyAta nikAza | ekaMdara bhaNa maNa bihAra ne orIsA 9033. 345 9378 3436 982 4418 madhyaprAMta ne birAra saMyukta prAMta 2277 1375 365ra baMgALA 3310 3316 mahinda 1280 863 2143 rajaputAnA 1151 74ra .893 nijhAmanuM rAjya 896 para paMjAba 533 madrAsa 348 sidha ne balucIstAna 118 mahesura 43 165 597 madrAsa karAMcI ne kalakattA baMdaro (2826+101),(70+119253) kula 22508 5 5302 7810

Page #242
vyApAra ane vyavahAra saMbaMdhI koThAe [ 211 gujarAtanA muMbai ilAkAnA vibhAge sAthe AyAta vyApAra batAvate keTho 16 | (varSa 19ra1-ra). (hajAramAM) relve mAraphate AyAta IlAkAnA vibhAge maNa muMbaI baMdara 12325 uttara mahArASTra, 882 kAMkaNa 603 dakSiNa marAThA pradeza 320 pazcima mahArASTra 158 pUrva mahArASTra 143 144 Vide Report of the Rail-Borne Trade of the Bombay Presidency for the year ending March 31, 1922.

Page #243
212 ] gujarAtanu prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUMgAvijJAna gujarAtanI mukhya relve mAraphate avarajavara thayelA mAlanuM vajana ane temAMthI maLelI Avaka batAvatA kAThA na, 17 ( varSa 1931-32 ) (AMkaDA seAmAM) maLelI Avaka rUpIyAmAM + relvenuM nAma. mAlanuM vajana TanamAM + 3204 12842 3240 6575 1515 32}3 tAptI lI gAyakavADa mhesANA amadAvAda prAMtIja gAyakavADa peTalAda rAjapIpaLA rAjyanI ra0. tArApura khaMbhAta gAdharA luNAvADA "" 37 "" .. dhrAMgadhrA rAjyanI naDIyAda kapaDavaMja cAMpAnera zIvarAjapura pANI - pIpalADa devagaDha bArIyA " ") "" "1 1141 350 403 243 540 465 ave 1570 928 802 748 01 12 400 138 ra kula 11627 28858 + A mAlanI avarajavaramAM baLataNu, sainikA, janavarI, revenI cIne, ane paracuraNa vastunA samAveza thAya che. Compiled from the History of Indian Railways (1931-32)

Page #244
vyApAra ane vyavahAra sabaMdhI kATAe [ 213 AyAta ane nikAza thayelA mAlanuM vajana ane Avaka sabadhI kAMThA na". 18 ( varSa 1931-32 ) relvenuM nAma. tAptI velI gAyakavADa mhesANA amadAvAda prAMtIja gAyakavADa peTalAda rAjapIpaLA rAyanI tArApura khaMbhAta gAdharA luNAvADA relave kula "9 "9 " dhrAMgadhrA rAjyanI naDIyAda kapaDava'ja cAMpAnera zIvarAjapura pIpaleADa devagaDha bArIyA,, " .. .. ,, 29 AyAta mAla vajana Avaka TanamAM za. mAM 191 812 247 491 110 118 40 para 44 . 13 23 G et x x x 13 24 14 5 25 4 (AMkaDA hajAramAM) nikAza mAla vajana Avaka ranamAM za. mAM 130 65 74 16 19 16 11 .. ka 12 10 490 16 213 43 pA 28 35 4 45 17 24 Fee 1729 447 1185 Compiled from the History of Indian Railways - (1931-82)

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214] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUgoLavijJAna gujarAtanI mukhya relavene vividha mAlanI avarajavaramAMthI (varSa relvenuM nAma anAja Arasa pahANa ne patthara tAptI velI relve 1308 gAyakavADa mahesANA relve 900 amadAvAda prAMtIja re 25 I ! gAyakavADa peTalAda re | 4. 24 70 rAjapIpaLA rAjyanI relve naDIyAda kapaDavaMja relve dhrAMgadhrA rAjyanI relve 18 | 20 cAMpAnera zIvarAjapura pANI re 7. 67 268 46 tArApura khaMbhAta relve 7chI 18 54) ... [ 12 pIpaloDa devagaDhabArIyA relave godharA luNAvADA relve | Compiled from the History of Indian Railways

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[ 215 vyApAra ane vyavahAra saMbadhI koThAo maLatI Avaka batAvate keTho naM. 19 1931-32) (AMkaDA temAM bIjI ekaMdara NR !! | gyAsatela kAma | lokhaMDa paracuraNa he | | pola pa397 69ra413 10821 97 241 49 5 58 2831088 6386 73 para 77 32 42 15 150 561 3106 11 15 33 22 3 17 30 186 | 8 9 28 15 5 66 23 26 25 2 2 27 12 11 2 - 2 : 4 67 54 581] and other Railway Statistics.

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granthasUci. Books (1) Albekar, A. S., Ancient Cities in Gujarat and Kathiawar. (1926 ). (2) Brown, J. C., India's Mineral Wealth. ( 1923 ). (3) Burgess, J., Visit to Gujarat in December 1869. (1870), (4) Brown R. N. R., Principles of Economic Geography. (1929) (5) Blache De La, Principles of Human Geography. (6) Joslen, F., Cattle of Bombay Presidency. (1995) (7) Mehta, J. M., Study of Rural Economy of Gujarat. (1930) (8) Mukherjee, B. B., Economic and Commercial Geo graphy of India. (1934). (9) Ovington, J., Vovage to Surat in 1689. ( 1929 ). (10) Page, D., Physical Geography. (11) Roberb, D. C. W. Climate (considerd especially in relation to man ). ( 1908 ). (12) Shah, K. T., Trade, Tariffs and Transport in India. (1923). (13) Smythies, E. A., India's Forest Wealth. (1924). (14) Thomas, S. E, Modern Geography. (1931). (15) Wadia, D. N., Geology of India. (16) Vakharkar, B. B., Connection between the Phy. sical Geography of India and its History. (1922)..

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granthasUci [ 296 Gazetteers & Reports (19) >> (17) Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Vol IV., Ahmedabad. ( 1879). (18) Vol IV B., Ahmedabad. ( 1927 ). Vol VII., Baroda. (1883). Vol V., Cutch, Palanpur & Mahi kantha. (1880). Vol III, Kaira & Panchmahal. (1879). Vol III B., Kaira & Panchmahal. (1926). Vol VIII., Kathiawar. ( 1884 ). Vol VIII B., Kathiawar. (1914 ). Vol V B., Mahikantha ( 1926 ). Vol VI B., Rewakantha, Cambay & Surat Agency. ( 1927 ). Vol II, Surat & Broach. (1877 ). Vol II B, Surat & Broach. ( 1926 ). (29) Vol IX Part I., Gujarat Population. (1901). (30) Census of India, Vol VIII Part II., Bombay Presidency. ( 1933 ) (31) Vol X., Western India States Agency. ( 1933 ) (32) Vol XIX., Baroda Part I. (1932). (33) Government of India Publication, History of Indian Railway 6. ( 1931-32 ).

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218 ] gujarAtanuM prAkRtika ane vyApArI bhUMgALavijJAna (34) Report of the Railway Board on Indian Railways. (1927-28). (85) Report of the Indian Road Development Com mittee, Evidence. Vol I. (1928 ). (36) Report of the Road and Railway Competition Committee in Governor's Provinces. (1988). (37, Report of the Bombay Banking Enquiry Committee. Vol I. (1930 ). (38) Report of the Rail Borne Trade in the Bombay Presidency. (1921-22 ), (39) Report of the Sea Borne Trade in the Bombay Presidency. (1921-22 ). (40) Report of the Sea Borne Trade in the Bombay Presidency. (1981-82 ). (41) Report on Large Industrial Establishments in India. ( 1981 ), (42) Government of India Publication, Trade Statistics, March 1988. (43) Industrial Supplement to Times of India dated September 16, 1933. (44) ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva, gujarAtanuM pATanagara-amadAvAda (1929). (45) " khAvAyelI nadI ' prasthAna mAsikanA ny kArtika aMka ( saMvata 1990). Kathiawar (46) peApaTalAla goviMdalAla zAha, vijJAna vicAra ( 1927). " (47) kanaiyAlAla mANekalAla munazI, " gujarAta nanuM ane navuM "kaumudI mAsikanA sasaka (phebruArI sane 1935 ).

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TUTTI 1 aeIIIII1m TIIMKIIGISTUU NUUT . 211 - -

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risdhe mAlanI Avaka. jADA relave utArUnI Avaka. pANuM relve ( AMkaDA hajAramAM) 1 1 2 ---- HE | | | 1 004 relve H - aff 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 6 -FTIIM ITA JiLT

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