Illuminator of Jaina Tenets

Author(s): Tulsi Acharya
Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati

Page 69

Sūtras 13-14 :)
Soul
31
contact of the sense with the object. The expression vyañjanāvagraha thus means the cognition of vyañjana through vyañjana.
The idea is that a material object first comes into contact with the sense-organ and this evokes corresponding consciousness. This is called contact. It is the condition of the object-perception whieh, though slightly more developed than the former, is indistinct and indeterminate as it does not take note of the specific characteristic of the object. This specific perception is perceptual judgment, say of eye. To sum up, first, there is sense-object contact which is also a kind of cognition. The second stage is the perceptual intuition of the object in its generic character. The cognition is of the form-"It is something". The third stage is speculation. The fourth is perceptual judgment, that is, cognition of the object with its specific character. This is called the determinate cognition by the Naiyāyika and the Buddhist. It is further to be noted that vyañjana qua sense-object contact is regarded as the condition of cognition and not a sort of cognition in the Nyāya school. In Jaina epistemology, this contact is also regarded as cognitive. This is the peculiar theory of Jaina epistemology. १३. अमुकेन भाव्यमिति प्रत्यय ईहा।
अमुकस्तदितरो वेति संशयादूर्ध्वमन्वयव्यतिरेकपूर्वकम् "अमुकेन भाव्यमिति" प्रत्यय ईहा, यथा-शब्देन भाव्यम् । 13. amukena bhāvyam Iti pratyaya ihā.
amukas taditaro veti samśayād ürdhvam anvayavyatirekapūrvakam "amukena bhāvyam iti" pratyaya ihā, yathā-sabdena bhāvyam.
(Aph.) Speculation consists in the experience “This must be that." (XIII)
(Gloss) Speculation is an experience which brings up the rear of doubt "this is that or anything else”, through agreement and difference in respect of a characteristic feature, for example, "it must be a sound."
(Note) This speculation constitutes the intermediate stage between indeterminate perception and determinate perceptual judgment. On the intuition of the generic character of the object, there arises an enquiry about the specific nature of the same. It occurs in the shape of a problem, e.g. "Is it the touch of a snake or of a lotus-stalk?" But it ought not to be regarded as a case of doubt. Doubt is indecisive in its result. But speculation is an attitude of the mind which leads to the determination of the specific character of the object by laying emphasis upon the real characteristics that are perceived and the elimination of the unreal attributes that are not cognized. १४. अमुक एवेत्यवायः।
i Tor-3701 T Tai 14. amuka eva ity avāyaḥ.
yathā---ayam sabda eva. . (Aph.) Perceptual judgment is the specific determination (of the object), viz. 'this is that'. (XIV)
(Gloss) For instance, 'it is a sound indeed'.