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186
Illuminator of Jaina Tenets
Lustre X
"This view also maintains that the connotation of the terms is bound to differ if they differ in gender and number. The terms with different number and gender cannot be identical. They are as different as their antonyms. The verbal expression is not an external label but has a definite connotation which is bound to differ when the number or gender differs. Man and woman are different because they differ in gender. It is expressive of an entitative difference. Of course the advocate of this naya makes concession in favour of synonyms. The synonyms have different connotation no doubt, but as the denotation is identical the reality is not made different by them. The other terms only signify the different attributes and functions which however belong to the same substratum. This is called sabda-naya, the verbalistic approach." -Nayas-Ways of Approach and Observation (by Dr. N. Tatia), p. 79. २५. पर्यायरर्थभेवकृत् समभिरुढः ।
781, Franta-57; 716—: 1 25. paryāyair arthabhedakst samabhirūdhaḥ.
yathā--indanāt-indraḥ, śakanāt-sakraḥ.
(Aph.) The etymological approach takes cognizance of the difference of words, even synonym. (XXV)
(Gloss) For instance, the word indra means a person who is the supreme ruler (idi paramaiśvarye) or shines in full splendour; the word Śakra stands for one who possesses power.
(Note) “This naya goes one step further in the process of specification by identifying the etymological meaning (vyutpattinimitta) with the real meaning (pravrttinimitta). Each word has got a distinctive connotation of its own. So there can be no synonyms in the true sense of the term.”-Nayas-Ways of Approach and Observation (by Dr. N. Tatia), p. 79. २६. क्रियापरिणतमथं तच्छब्दवाच्यं स्वीकुर्वन्नेवम्भूतः।
71-graft FTUTE EFT: 1 एष्वाद्यास्त्रयो द्रव्याथिकाः शेषाश्च पर्यायार्थिकाः ।
iau.
26. krivāparinatam artham tacchabdavācyaṁ svīkurvann evambhūtah.
yathā-indanakriyāpariņata indrah. esy ädyās trayo dravyārthikāḥ śeșāś ca paryāyārthikāḥ.
(Aph) The actualistic approach takes cognizance of a real, actually exercising the activity connoted by the word, as the true meaning of it. (XXVI)
(Gloss) For example, the word 'indra' stands for the individual who is actually performing the function of overlordship or who shines in full glory of sovereignty.
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