Doctrine of Jainas

Author(s): Walther Shubring, Wolfgang Beurlen
Publisher: Motilal Banarasidas

Page 72

DOCTRINE OF THE JAINAS
character of that scholasticism. The names of those that stand behind it we do not know1, and presumably we shall never do; and it is not until we come to the ending stages in Prakrit that we have several names, see Chapter III. A wide circulation of the Svetambara texts had become possible by the redaction of the Canon under the direction of Devarddhi (980 or 993 after Mahavira). Owing to the schism of the Order the Dig had since long become estranged from the Canon, and there were only very few passages of some texts which partly in a shape prior to its definite fixation continued to live in their memory2. Hence they first appear with the so-called prakarana, and, what is more, they represent the first authors of this kind of literature with the Jains. By prakaranas we understand systematic treatises, 1 e treatises following a fixed plan and leading the subject instead of being led by it as is the case with works that start from something given. With its beginnings the prakarana period reaches back as far as the period of comments. Among the Svet. it opens with Umäsvāti, Siddhasena Divakara and Haribhadra (750 A D.), among the Dig. with Vattakera and Kundakunda who both wrote Prakrit and preceded Umäsväti" who wrote his prakarana in Sanskrit. With this we do not intend to establish a historical criterion, for in the literature of comments the change over to Sanskrit was first started by the above mentioned
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I. On account of a passage in the Avasyaka tradition LEUMANN gives Siddhasena khama-samana (Diväkara) as the author of the oldest interpolations in pseudo-Bhadrabahu's Nijjuttis', the so-called mula-bhasya S Divakara and S Ganın between whom we have Harbhadra comp JACOBI, Samaraicc p III
For
2 (The Dig redaction of the Avasyaka) "is of the Canon worth mentioning among the Digambaras, of the Dasavaıkälika the only remainder they have retained in their memory but some Slokas (I i IV 7f VI 54 56 65 VIII 17a) 1" (Footnote ) "Aparajita still quotes (on Aradhana 415 and 601) different passages from Acaranga, Sutrakṛta (II, 1, 58), Niśitha, Uttaradhy (II 6a 7 12b 34 XXIII 12b-14) and Daśavaikálika Some of these passages run quite differently in the traditional Canon, and some of them it lacks completely", LEUMANN, Uebersicht p 3
3 Somewhat different JACOBI, Samarãicc p XII. 4 JACOBI, loc cit p xi
5
This sequence after LEUMANN, Ubersicht 15b
6
For K comp PETERSON, A fourth Report p XX, JACOBI, Tattv p 288, LEUMANN, Uebersicht p 3a. kunda after his birth place His spiritual name is DESAI esp p. 55 f 37
The Dig call him KondaPadmanandın. Comp.