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DOCTRINE OF THE JAINAS sāvaga is one who approves of the regulations for laymen in theory without having realized them in praxis yet. This having been done on the 2nd step, the layman is a kaya-upayakamma, 2 though he does not yet practise the sāmāya (acc. to Dasā 6 II also the desavagāsiya) to its full extent. On the 3rd step he is sāmārya-kada, but he still lacks the posahovavāsa. The (4th) pos -nıraya, on the other hand, neglects the ega-rālyā uvāsagapadımā Apart from various externals the latter is chiefly characterized by the observance of sexual moderation according to which the layman is called (5th) diyā bambhāyārī rattim parımānakada. In this state of life he remains from 1-3 days upto 5 months 3 On the 6th step he is continent even at night up to 6 months Also with the further padımā their longest duration in months corresponds with their numbering. On the 7th step he starts with renouncing any food containing life (sacitt’āhāra), on the 8th and 9th he altogether ceases doing harm to living beings by either his own or foreign actions (ārambha and pess’ārambha), and on the 10th he gives up any diet ready for him (uddittha-bhatta, § 154). Here, moreover, the layman's head is clean-shaven except for a lock of hair (khuramundaga chihāli-dhāraga). When being asked questions he must speak the truth by saying frankly whether he is able to answer or not (kappantı duve bhāsão bhāsittae, jahā jānam "jānam", azānam vā "no jānam" o By this we find ourselves in the very centre of the monastic ethics to which the preceding padımā came conspicuously close already, and it is small wonder that on the 11th step equals the monk for as many months (samaņa-bhūya). The only
I In the description Dasā (tassa nam bahüm silavvaya-guna-octamarapaccakkhāna-posahovavāsārm no sammampatthaviya-puovāım bhavanti) the anuvvaya are missing, but comp Abhay Samay 19b
2 These and the following word only Samy
3. Abhayadeva lists (Samay 20b) ao a scquence wherein the 5th padimă renounces eating in the dark and the following range in the order of 7, 5, 6, while 8 und 9 go together as one p.
4 Act to the Tıkā ābhattha and samābh = (sam jābhāşta. They accordingly belong to PISCHEL $ 564
5 =jārāmi, Thus and more such forms were registered from archaic Ms (the Vasudeva-hındı) by ALSDORF BSOS 8 (1936), p. 321.
6. Comp also HOERNLE loc. cit
