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280
DOCTRINE OF THE JAINAS
ascetic exercise. Self-accusation (aloyanā) is invariably bound up with one's confessing one's guilt (padıkhamana), and only if both go together we come near to the western act of confession. The word applied for it signifies the return, and in the fivefold padıkkamana relative to "influx" (§ 167 f), heresy, passion, etc. (Than 349a) it has the meaning of "conversion." Its literal meaning is intermixed with the sixfold (Than 378b) as far as reference is being made to one's return from having relieved nature or cither from sleep (uccara-p., pāsavana-p, soman'antia-p). The confession which, now, concerns us here and which, like that formula, culminates in the words of tassa miccha me dukkadam is made at certain appointed times in the carly morning for offences committed during the night (raiya p), in the evening for such committed during the day (divasija p) and for the purpose of confirmation and also for making good in a more solemn way at the end of each half of a month (pakkhiya p.hence the name of Pakkhiya Sutta (§ 55), after a lapse of 4 months (cāummāsiya p) and after 1 year (semvaccharya p). So then also in this respect the p. is fivefold. The proceeding is demonstrated in the comm by Yaśodeva (p 82) in the words of the Pakkhiyacunni and the Avassayac important mainly for the lecture delivered by the Padikkamana-Sutta1 (§ 55) and the prayer for remission (khāmer, khamāver) directed not only by a younger monk to an older according to seniority but also by the teacher (guru) to his group and, what is
more, to the
youngest first
§160 What lies between the confession of guilt and the acceptance of the penalty inflicted upon the confessor (aha' riham payacchittam padivazzittae) is rendered by the texts (c.g. V1y 375a, Than 56b, K 4, 25) in the words of nindittae garahittae vruttettae visohettae akaran (ay)ãe abbhutthittae The first two say that the delinquent reproves himself in front of himself and his teacher,2 the second pair expresses the process of the
I Literally printed from a ms by WEBER Verz II, 739-741 All sentences throughout start with icchami padikhamium to end with tassa miccha mi dukkaḍam (a Śloka-pāda)
2 In verses Caus 50-54 garahat between udirat and samvaras, see Viy 57b, theorizing Than 43b, 112b, 213b
