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RENUNCIATION
283 fact that the parihāra-kappa-tthiya is obliged to render service to the thera from which he is releascd only temporarily (K 5, 53; Vav. 1, 22-24). Strictly speaking he stands outside the gana (comp. Vav. 2, 6), and he joins the others neither in their obligatory rounds nor in their travelling (Āyāı. II 50, 7=Nis. 2,40-42; Nis 4,112). If several monks of a closer companionship have committed an offence and, hence, are under , always one of them is except from it and considered kappāga (= kappa-tthaya, § 136), to be served by the others He will atone for his guilt (nivvisar)1 after them (Vav. 2, 1-4). By the same word the nivvisamāna is distinguished from the nivvitthakāıya (K. 6, 14=Thân. 167b; 371a) The principle of inequality which governs the life within the Order is complied with by alternately dividing such a group into parihāriya (also pārı-) and anuparıhāriya (for which scc Vay 2, 5) with the latter serving the former (Dip. on Utt. 28, 32)
The parihāra is pronounced in two ways according as a reduction is admissible or not (ugghārya or -ima or anuggh. K 4, 1=Thān. 162b; 311a)? In K. and Nis. (comp. Nis 1 end etc.) the duration is either one or four months, Vav 1-20 has all numbers upto six For the distribution of the restrictions on one, four or six months and'their calling them lahu and guru comp the Cunni on Jiy 61 and Kalpasūtra p 14 footnote. Though for an individual offence the p. does not extend over a period longer than six months, yet its duration will be extended if within this period a new offence is being committed (Nis. 20, 21-53). Then an additional p. (ārovanā) is due amounting to 20 or, resp. 15 days if the new offence is subject to a þ of two or, resp one month As to additional þ charged for new offences of three to six months the Nis cunni (fol 650ff) gives the following extra charges with 3 months 25 days, with 4 30, with 5. 35, and with 6 40
As we have seen the cheya reduces the spiritual age of a
1. In his translation of K. 3, 13 this word was misunderstood by the AUTHOR.-Comp also Vav 1, 17.
2. Chp 204 (an Jugghāda
