________________
RENUNCIATION
281
inner purge from ill-doing, and the last two the will to amendment. The further proceeding (vavahāra) is theoretically, as the case may be, determined by superior cognition (āgama), traditional prescriptions (suya), a commission sent over a long distance (ānā), a regulation (dhāranā) or by a habit legitimated by the qualified (jiya) (Vav. 10, 2) in that always the following comes in with the absence of the preceding (Than. 317b; Viy. 383a; comp. LEUMANN, Jit p. 1196). In praxi we have but the suya (K. 5, 25) as a necessary evidence for the execution (paṭṭhavanā), patthaver), while the vavahāra is merely mentioned as a “lightest possible procedure" (ahā-lahusae nāmam vavahare, K. 5, 53; Vav. 2, 6-17).1
$161. The frequently quoted stanza Av. 19, contains 10 different forms of atonement, an enumeration probably going back to Uvav. § 30 I (also Than. 484a; incomplete 355b; 423b; 453a), where atonement (pāyacchitta,3 frequently also pacchitta) is coordinated with inward asceticism. The first two forms are report (aloyana) and confession (padikkamaņa). Now, certainly, there are offences which by merely reporting them are atoned for, whereas there is no confession possible without aloyanā or else both must go together (tadubhaya or misa, the third form). Hence to count padikkamana individually comes up to mere schematism The sequence continues by giving (4.) vivega, the renunciation of the corpus delicti, and (5.) vuussagga, standing motionless with one's arms hanging down. Under the name of kaussagga this is (so also Than. 212b) part of the ceremonial observed in the act of confession etc. and may be called "low devotions", particularly as its duration is determined by the time takes to say one or several namaskāra formulae. In the Jiy. the time is a measured
I. The classification into 3 times 3 pav communicated by the AUTHOR, Kalpasūtra op 14 footnote is obviously a mere construction 2 LEUMANN, Jit p 2 For a Dig analogy see Chp 174 (§ 136) 3. This in the case of an offence and of a combination of such, and it is decreed as an additional punishment (§ 162) as well as for insincerety in confessing (Than 199a).
4 namo anhantānam, n siddhānam, n ayaryānam, n uvajjhāyāṇam n loe savva-sähūņam Then there follows the presentation of this formula in the famous Sloka. eso tanca-namokkāro savva-pāva-panasano, mangalānam ca sar
