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RENUNCIATION
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For instituting further proceedings every offence committed by oneself (akıcca-tthāna, padısevanā) must be reported (aloettae; comp. Viy. 498a) to the teacher (thera, resp. pavattini). This asks for self-victory as developed by breeding and instruction (Thān. 423b; 484a). In the motives inducing a monk not to confess we are shown the deficiencies of human nature (Thān. 137a, 417a), thus when saying to himself “it cannot be helped” or for fear of slander, or in the reasons for yet confessing his guilt for fear of the verdict of the teacher and of his fellow monks, of the Karman consequences and of his own conscience, and finally 10 dosa (Thān. 484a; Viy. 919a) in the way he makes his confession, i e. with reseryations within and tricks without. Insincerety, however, adds to the punishment (Vav. 1, 1-20= Nis. 20, 1-20).
$159 The qualities of him who accepts the confession is demonstrated by Thān, 423b; 484a. He must be pious, attentive, experienced in practical affairs, gifted with the power of inspiring trust Covilaga), energetic (pakuvuaga), discreet (aparissāž), convincing (nuggavaga) and ready to allow extenuating circumstances (avāya-damsi). If by force majeure the monk was prevented from seeing the teacher-in which case he becomes an amuha-he is not liable to reproach (Viy. 375a). Hence, when the teacher is absent he is (acc. to Vav. 1, 34) represented by a number of substitutes i.e. by a member of the same sambhoga ( § 139), by one of another s., by a layman going through the (temporary) career of a monk (sārūviya, § 163) or by one of the common kind (sammam-bhāviya). When even one of the latter is not at hand, the monk makes his confession under the open sky in the spiritual presence of the Siddhas. Performed in this way, however, the act has no further consequences, whereas in the normal case it entails the criminal procedure 1 The same applies to the confession made by a monk before his death (3165). It is equally requisite (Vav. 1, 25-32; 6, 10f; 7, 1) when a monk enters into a new gana or when he returns to his foriner after having gone through an
Yet this is also maintained in the Sutia referred to
