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DOCTRINE OF THE JAINA 8 byĀyār. II2 preceding segjā and nisihijā is thāna (thānam thai, thānaiya). The positions are 1 lying: uttānaya, uttāna-sāt stretched out on the ground, pāsıllaga sidewise, dandāyaiya with feet outstretched, laganda-sāî with hollow back. Then follows 2. the squatting position with the dir’āsaniya and ukkuduya. Acc to Thān 300b the latter is a sitting position, i e. one of the 5 kinds of the nesajjiya among which we have also the godohiya (Dasā 7). The above mentioned performer of the 12th padımā and others mortify their flesh in standing erect as do those who stare into the sun with one foot lifted up and both arms, raised (K. 5, 22) āyāvanāe āyāvettae here refers to one exposing himself to the blazing sun, comp. āyāvaga Uvay. and Thān. The avāuda exposes himself to the cold, the akanduyaga to insects (comp. Āyār 141,21) and the anıtthubhaga refrains from spitting, a habit probably popular already in those days. The nuns (K. 5, 19-34) are allowed to exercise physical asceticism to a very small extent only When exposing themselves to the blazing sun they may do so only by wearing not more than 1 samghādi and by standing on a level ground within the enclosure of their quarters
$158. Voluntary asceticism has some points of contact with the compulsary forced upon a monk for punishment. Punishment is the consequence of guilt, and guilt, as § 168 will show, is something leaving the path of truth, hence being called mājā; māi he who has made himself guilty, samphāsai mõitthānam ? A monk caught in three māz-tthāna in the course of one month and in ten in the course of one year makes himself guilty of sabala (Dasā 2, 20). We have 21 sabala which, acc. to Dasā 2, Samay 32a, range among gross offences, whereas the 20 asamāhi (Dasā 1; Samav.37b) are considered acts of rashness rather than of calculation Improper behaviour towards an older monk is gathered up in 33 cases called āsāyanā (Dasā 3; Samav 58b). A sin not confessed is a salla ($168, Mahānis. 1, 16; comp. Utt 26, 24)
I The translation K 5,22f must be corrected
2 I e māyı-sthānam, neither māts-sth (Silāgka on Ayār II, 53, 27) nor māyā-sth (JACOBI on Sūy I, 9, 25).
