Doctrine of Jainas

Author(s): Walther Shubring, Wolfgang Beurlen
Publisher: Motilal Banarasidas

Page 83

AN HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAINISM
69 of the nirgrantha- and those of Kotika-, Candra-, Vanavâsî and Vața-Gaccha, altogether names which are explained in different ways. Different from two other lists presently to be mentioned, this list by starting from Uddyotana, the 35th Sūri (till s. 994), follows its own way as that of Vața- or Bșhad-G. and leads up to the 44thSūri, Jagaccandra, who equally gained fame as a reformer and as a triumphant disputant, but who as a stern fasting ascetic came to be given the surname of Tapā (Tapā-buruda) (s.1285). Still today the Tapā-G.enjoys a high reputation. This also applies to the Kharatara-G. and others, whom to attack is a special concern of Dharmasāgara's in his work. In their patt'âvalis the Kharatara, too, appear beyond the time of Uddyotana just as the formation of the above mentioned 84 gacchas is said to go back to the same number of Uddyotana's pupils who are said to have been blessed by him individually in a ceremony before he died. 3 One of them, and hence the first Kharatara-Sūri proper, was Vardhamāna (till s. 1088)", by origin a cartyavāsın, who were energetically attacked by his own pupil, Jineśvara (s. 1080), as we have seen in § 31. This report of the Kharatarasa, however, Dharmasāgaras declares to be false owing to historic dates, and he refutes the statements it contains also elsewhere Acc. to him it was Jinadatta (s. 1204) who came to be the first Kharatara, and it is said that his activities equally account for his further names? Cāmundika, because Jinadatta dedicated a prayer to Cāmundâ, and Austrika, because he fled on a camel. As to the peculiarities of the Kh. we hear of them from Jinadatta himself by an Utsūtrapadághātanakulaka (30 G.), bý a Sāmāyārī, and
1 Tapā seems to be the intimate form for a name beginning with tapas as Yaśā is said to have been for Yašovijaya ( 36 )
2 KLATT IA 11, 245-250, WEBER, Verz II, 1030-1056
3 KLATT loc cit 248a, WEBER loc. cit. 1035 By this the Gacchas are legitimated by the Tapā.
4 This will not agree with s 994 which date is given by the Tapas as the death year of his immediate precursor, Uddyotana 1088 is the first year referred to in the Kharatara chronicle
5 BHANDARKAR, Report 1883-84, p 149.
6 This, too, is the object of an assumed dispute bearing the titic of Kharātmajānam nihnava-sthāpanā-vāda-yuto mülapuruşa-vådah.
7 DHARMASĀGARA, Gurv in Ajitadeva Sūri(No. 41), WEBER, Kup. p 804