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DOCTRINE OF THE JAINAS Long Veyaddha hills (Jambudd. 72a) I $ 114) and (Jiv. 145a) on the intermediate continents ( § 116). In the acknowledged sequence they range between humans and star gods who belong to the centre world. In them we find the dogmatic reflection of popular spirits, ghosts and demons, and it is characteristic, that in the Canon nothing special is being said as to their activities and numbers (à x 100,000, Viy. 601a). There were two sequences of Vānamantara kınds known, though at least by Umāsvātı T. 4, 12 one of them got the preponderance over the other. It is (Thān 442b, Pannav. 95b) that of the Pisāya, Bhūya, Jakkha, Rakkhasa, Kinnara, Kimpurisa, Mahākāya (Thān, 161b 442b, Mahoraga), and Gandhavva with two princes each (Pannav 97b). The other sequence has the Anavanniya, Panavaniya, Isivāıya, Bhūyavāiya, Kandiya, Mahākanduya, Kohanda (Ku-) and Payaga, and here equally two names of princes2 for each were invented (Pannav. 95b, comp also Thān. 85a). Umāsvāti mainly quotes these Vānamantara as sub-groups of the former sequence (differently classified by him). That at least the Anavanniya enjoyed popularity is clearly proved by Viy. 498a As to T. 4, 12 we also find specifications regarding their outward appearance which, except for the Rakkhasa, is a pleasing one; the colour is mostly of a dark shade (śyāma). The dwellings (bhomezjanagara) are in the uppermost layer, the Rayanakanda, of the Kharakanda of Rayanappabhā, and, what is more, within the 800 goy. left both above and below after deducting 100 unoccupied joy on either side The largest among these dwellings are as large as is the Jambuddīva, the medium ones as large as Videha (§ 113), and the smallest are khetta-sama. Within them the Vānamantara lead a happy life, free from care and ageless (Dev. 75 f.).
$113. The Centre World (tırıya-loga). The centre world rests on a disc the thickness of which we may say to be 0. For the 1,000 joy. beneath the surface into which the mountains
1. Thus also Thân 141b quotes the deva, nãga, jakkha, and bhūya as either sending or refusing rains
2. Dev. 72 has none but these, quoted by Pannav. 98a.
