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ⱭOSMOGRAPHY
221
and of Uttarakurā in the north. Either country has five lakes with 20 mountains of gold each, 1 e. 200 mountains of gold (kancanaga-pavvaya) in all, in Devakura we have, furthermore, the mountains of Citta- and Vicittakuda corresponding to the two twin mountains (Jamaga-p.) in Uttarakura. In their western, resp, eastern part we have the world trees referred to above. Moreover, there are four times 4 parallel mountain chains,1 stretching from the world mountains by which Mahāvideha is bounded, they hit the two rivers a right angles, and it is here that they have their maximum height in correspondence with the case mentioned before Between every two of them there flow the 12 tributaries quoted above following their As in all other world continents, the mountains consist of one kind of noble metal each or either of precious stones. Merely the nethermost 1,000 joy. of the Mandara, hidden in the earth, consist of common rook
course
The mountains and rivers, as well as the estuary forests of the Siya and Sioyā form, in equal distances, the boundaries of the empires (cakkavatti-vijaya) under the rulership of a worldemperor (cakkavatti). By including Bharaha and Eravaya there are 34 of them in all (Than. 435 b) The empire of Bharaha with its Veyaddha,2 with its Ganga and Sindhu and other geographical details is merely copied by the remaining and so are these names. There we also find a great number of cities with an imperial residence in each case, and countless villages.
ones,
§116. At the point where the mountains of Cullahimavanta and Siharı touch the edge of the Jambuddīva, we find four intermediate continents (antara-diva) protruding into the sea in the four intermediate directions for a distance of 300 joy. and six more following each in the same directions always for a distance of 100 joy So that, then, each of the mountains ends up in 14 promontories, whilst their total number is 56.
I They are listed with the other vakkhāra-pavvaya in Than 2243,
326a
2 Since they halve the empire, Umasvati's Jambudvipasamāsa (Appendix to Tattvarhādhigama Bibl. Ind 1905), also gives Vijayārdha Owing to a wrong etymology (see end of §114).
