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DOCTRINE OF THE JAINAS than he may call in their help is he allowed to render them a service or any other kind assistance, comp. Nis. at various places. This also applies to laymen ( § 163).
His behaviour towards the teacher is determined by the vinaya. According to Uvav 30 II; Thân 407b the vinaya concerns both something abstract and concrete to a wide extent; as deference, reverence and respect it is of a positive quality, whereas as restraint from and rejection of bad profane things (apasattha) it is negative. The way how to deport himself, and especially so in front of his tcacher and master, is plastically demonstrated by Dasav. 9. The tribute externally paid to him is the vandana which has been given its place also among the resp. formulae necessary (avassaya, § 151)' It comprises two bows accompanied by a certain phrase as well as by certain movements and it has to be performed in the monk's normal outfit This is obligatory for some acts, especially so for the act of confession and during instruction, and, what is niore, four or, resp , three times, though it may equally be exercised on other occasions. LEUMANN Übersicht p. 11 ff refers to it in detail by the name of the kukamma which acc. to Āv. 12, comp also Samav. 21 b, means the same.
$150. As mentioned above and acc. to Utt. 26, 12 the the first and fourth porisi at day and at night are assigned to instruction (sajjhāya) The statements made by Nis. 19, 8; Thân 213 b are more detailed and yet less accurate. They forbid lessons at dawn and at dusk, at noon” and at midnight, and Thān. allows them in the morning and in the afternoon (puvvanhe and avaranhe), at or probably until-nightfall (paose) and at-or probably from-daybreak (paccūse). Holidays are constituted by the festivals (maha) in honour of Indra and Skanda, of a Yaksa or a Bhūta (Nis 19, 11). Acc. to Thān.
I In the Mahānis (the AUTHORp 82f ) we are told of monks who owing to offences were unworthy for some time of accepting a salute (aranda, avandanuja) This obviously applies to the salutation of monks among them. selves
2 majhanhe with Thân Nis has avaranhe which is obviously incorrect since in Thân this means an allowed time puvvanha and avaranha are supposed to be the first or, resp the last prahara (=paya, § 148 ) of the day
