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234
DOCTRINE OF THE JAINAS
planets, 1,000 with the naksatras, and 500 with the fixed stars; those in the east have the shapes of lions, those in thic south such of elephants, those in the west of bulls, and those in the east of horses The speed is in inversc proportion to these tractive powers, whereas the importance (eddhi) is in direct proportion to them. This movement, however, only occurs within the field of Samayakhetta, whilc the stars beyond the Mānussuttara mountains—their dimensions are half of those on this side-are fixed and do not move
$126. As now to this movement itself, it is said to continue above the Jambuddiva as with a lion's roaring (ulkittha-sihanāya-bola-kalakala-saddena) right round the Mandara (Sūrap.: Meru), and it does so in a normal course (Viy 206b, Jiv. 346a; Sürap 278b). The moon accomplishes it in 15, the sun in 184 circles (mandala) which widen and narrow in the course of a year. The advance from a narrower to a wider circle (nikkhamar as against pavisar) is not by lcaps (bheya-ghācnam) but by forming a spiral (sūtie kanna-kalam nivvedher?) as is explained by Sūrap. 48a with regard to the sun. The process of widening and narrowing results in the solar year of 366 days (Sūrap lla), and it causes the length of the day dccrcasing from 18 down to 12 muhutta and again increasing up to 18 as compared with the length of the night Every further circle produces a day shorter by a muh , shorter, since of the 184 circles but 65 go above the Jambuddiva-1e their innermost, as with the moon, 180 joy distant from its edge—whcrcas the remaining go above the Lavana sea (Jambudd 434a). With the moon it is 5 of the 15 circles She stands 880, the sun 800 joy. above the earth surface, the fixed stars stand lower than the latter with 790, the naksatras with 884 higher than the former, and the planets at a height of 888 up to 900 joy. The shortest
(but invariably constant) distance of a star (9025a) from the Mandara is 1,121 goy (Jiv. 376b, Sūrap 259b). All these
2 kanna-kalam, acc to the comm , is an adverb and should be analysed by something like karma-hala jatha bhavatı tathā lama, however, is the most acute angle forming by the emergence of the new circle from the preceding.
