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COSMOGRAPHY
225 hoofed, as equipped with claws, and as such crawling either breast- or armwise (ura- and bhuya-parisappa). In Sūy. II 3 we are systematically informed of the first and the later food taken by these creatures as well as by men and lower animals down to the elemental beings and plants.
$119. The conception of the circular shaped Jambuddiva is obviously due to that of the segment Bharaha as which the Indian peninsula seemed to show. We may further assume that the conception of the intermediate continents goes back to an ancient knowledge of Indo-China and the Malacca peninsula which was symmetrically enlarged later on. Bharaha (or Bhāraha võsa) is called after the king bearing this name and whose capital Vinīyā lay in the centre of the country to the south of the Veyaddha. He gained the rule over the entire continent, as we are told by Jambudd. III, and thus became cāuranta-cakkavattı. Of Eravaya we hear nothing except the precise repetition of this legend where, naturally, the king is given the name of Eravaya. In Mahāvideha we find the happy conditions prevailing in the susama-susamā period (s. b). In the following pairs of Karman-free continents the conditions are of the susama-dūsamā or, resp., the susamā kind The names of Hemavaya and Hirannavaya have been explained by the rich occurrence of gold, and this certainly goes back to the gold found in Tibet. As to the form of the latter Erannavaya it is, of course, of a secondary character.) In Harwāsa the people are of a yellowish or reddish colour (arun'ābha arun'obhāsa), by which it is intended to define the name. Rammaga needs no explanation regarding its name.
$120. The periods we have just come to mention have been connected with the ever turning time-wheel in a rather clumsy way. The most happy period of susama-susamā (Jambudd. 97a; Viy. 276a) is followed by the susamā.3 Both and two thirds of the succeeding, the susama-dūsamā are essentially
1. For its occurrence in later texts comp LEUMANN, Übersicht 44a
2. Comp FO SCHRADER, Philosophic p. 60 ff 8. The following after Jambudd II.
