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continents and seas is the same, though they are level. At a range of 42,000 joy. from Jambuddiva in the main directions there are, in the Lavana sea, the hills (āvāsa-pavvaya) of the Velamdhara-Nāga prince, and in the intermediate directions at the same range those of the Anuvelamdhara. They are 1,000 joy wide and 1,721 joy high. Like all other continents and seas, so the Lavana is also enclosed by a veryā with four gates bearing the same names as that of the Jambuddiva But no other sea is inhabited, nor has it any up and down as to its surface or any cloud formation (Jiv. 320b). Now, that the Lavana remains within its bounds without flooding all and everything, this is due to the sacred and benevolent human and superhuman inhabitants of Jambuddīva, “and, moreover, it is a world-law” (ad-uttaram ca nam loga-tthii loganubhāve, Jiv 324a).
$122. Just as the Lavana sea is twice the width of the Jambuddīva, so the ring-shaped adjoining continents (diva) and the oceans (samudda, oya) lying in between are twice the width of the preceding. The continent beyond the Lavana is Dhāyaikhanda.1 Two mountain ranges in the north and the south, bearing the name of Usuyāra (Isvākāra), divide it into an eastern and a western half, and within each we find a perfect copy of the geographical conditions prevailing in the Jambuddīva even including the names and with the only exception that here the world trees standing for the Jambũ tree are called Dhāyairukkha and Mahādhāyaīrukkha. The world mountains run in a radial course towards the Mandara of the Jambuddīva, and the two Mandaras naturally lie strictly to the east and the west of it Instead of 100,000 they measure but 85,000 109 in total height and but 9,400 joy in width at their foot (Samav. 92a, Sthān. 167b, Umāsvāti on 3, 11). Beyond the Dhāyaikhanda there follows thc Kāloya2 sea with black and thick watcr, and behind it the continent of Pukkharavara Its two halves with the Paumarukkha and Mahāpaumarukkha in the place of the Jambū, arc an interior and an
1. Jiv Osanda 2. Jiv frequently has Kāloyana
