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DOCTRINE OF THE JAINAS into the deep beyond the Rayanappabhā, they are able to reach both the centre- and the upper world. Thc Nāgak. are water gods in general and as such are connected with the rain clouds while the Udahık. seem to command over the sea.3 to water must apply to the Udahik, just as well. The Suvannak. having their seat also in the Mānuss’uttara mountains ( § 122)* go back to the idea of the Suparna-Garuda, the Dısāk, to that of the world clephants. Thc latter femalc dignitaries share in the consecration of a Titthagara for the purpose of which they come running from the centre world as well, for these disākumārī-mahatlarıyā have their scats also on the Ruyaga mountains ( $ 123) and in the trec tops of the Nandana forcst
(§ 115).? The meaning of the Divak. with a lion as their attribute8 is not clear. The Vāuk. occupy submarine caves i § 121), and they cause the movement of the wind bodies (Viy 212 a) which is either a normal or an abnormal one (ahā-riyam riyar, utlara-horizam r.). Following thc same passage (211b) the theory of the wind may be added here. There are winds of the 4 kinds or grades īsım-purevāya, patthāvāya, mandā-vāya, mahā-vāya, and in the sections of the compass-card opposite each other winds of the same character arc simultaneous, whereas winds blowing over continents (diviccara, comp. Nāya 11) are not simultaneous with winds blowings over oceans (sāmuddaga), since the wind turns back on the sca-shore (tesz nam vāyānam vivaccā senam Lavane samudde velan närhkamai).
1 For the motives see Vay 16gb, 180b 2 Viy 278b, Jambudd 238 bf 3. velam dharanti Divas 308a 4 Divas 3421
5 Hence it is wrong to render it by Suvarnah in Prajn Comp Ayar II, 15 XII f and the common Samay 155b Their fight with the Nāgak. may be the cause for a partial carthquake (Thān 161 b).
6 See ALSDORF's instructive essay New Ind. Ant 9, 105-128. The author complains that his essay abounds in misprints
7. They therefore are called aheluga-vatthauva as well as uddhaloga-v (Jambudd V, (383ff , 388b) comp Thăn 436 b and Sthān) since in this altitude the upper would has begun already
8 The lion of the so-called Dvipakumāra may go back to the animal of the dvipa kat' exochen, Simhaladvipa But the neighbourhood of aggi and duju, perhaps even the princely names of Punna and Vasıttha (Avaśışta) are indicative of dipa instead of duiba.
