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COSMOGRAPHY
211
depth decreases from 180,000 joy. in the Rayanappabhā down to 108,000 in the Ahesattamā which is the number of the places of hell it contains (nıray'āvāsa), 8 4 mill in all, and in the 1st to the 5th region from 3 mill. down to 300,000 Tamā has 99,995, Ahesattamā but 5, though especially extensive, places. While (Pannay. 79b) the layers of the 1st to the 6th region lie between every two unoccupied layers of 1,000 20y. the upper one in the Rayanappabhā equals the thickness of Jambuddiva (§ 113)—, these layers in the 7th region amount the 52,500 joy, so that the occupied is but 3,000 joy in depth here. In the Rayanappabhā we have three special layers. Khara-kanda, Pankabahula-k and Āubahula-k of 16, 000, 84, 000 and 80,000 joy These names indicate the transition to the water hull which follows accordingly The former on its part has 16 layers of 1,000 joy each, the uppermost being called Rayana-k. (Thān. 525a, Samav. 89b f, 92b, 104b).
Another arrangement in layers-though not represented in the Canon itself- goes by the way of patthada. In the 1st to the 7th region there are 13, 11, 9, 7, 5, 3 and 1 of such layers tiered one beneath the other, 1 e. 49 in all. From the central hell of Sīmantaga in the uppermost layer of the Rayanappabhā measuring 4,5 mill joy in diameter a succession of 49 hells leads off in every main direction, and a succession of 48 hells in every intermediate direction. In the second layer the numbers are 48 and 47, etc , up to 49, which is identical with the 7th region where the medium one is surrounded by 4 only. More extensive hells at certain places in these successions are called something like "eccentric" (avakkantamahānıraya) (Thãn 365b). So far as these hells appear in successions they are either circular or quadrangular, while in other cases they may be of any shape possible. In the lowest region four triangular hells, called Kāla, Mahākāla, Roruya,
1. Sthan 366 b patthada is prasista, though it is rendered as prastata exclusively Abhayadeva here refers to the Vimānanarakendrak'ākhya Qrantha. presumably the Vimāna-and Naraya-Pavıbhattı, comp AGRM, 24, 1924
2. Because it is as large as Samayakhetta ( 122), the Uduvimāna 10 Sohamma (§ 129) and Isipabhārā ($ 135) (Thān. 125a, 250b).
