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IV
COSMOLOGY
§ 57 The Fundamental Facts The word "fundamental fact" is but a fairly liberal version of atthikaya which literally means "mass of all that is" As such it represents a mass by the totality of the units (paesa).1 The five fundamental facts are known as motion (dhamma), stop (adhamma), space (āgāsa), souls (jiva), and matter (poggala), each in combination with atthikaya V1y. 775b renders alleged synonyms which, however, do not hit the point. They simply replace the basic words now in a conventional and then, again, in quite a remote way. Thus eg dhamma stands for complying and adhamma for not complying with the monastic duties.2
The five fundamental facts constitute the world, or, rather, the world and the non-world (Vıy. 608a). Their qualities are laid down in Viy 147b. They all share in eternity. The space embraces both the world and the non-world, whereas the remaining four are concerned with the expansion of the world For the dimensions of parts of the world proportional to motion, stop and space see Viy 151a ff and, nearly consonant, 775a. All atthikaya except the jiva are inanimate (ajiva), and, with the single exception of matter, all are immaterial (aruva). The last two sentences explicitly represent My 's personal conception (Vıy. 324b) Materiality is defined by saying (324b) that
3
1. astayas ceha pradesās, teṣām kāyah Sthan 516a, Prajn 8b ga. See also Nemicandra, Davvasamgaha 24 From the Attkihāyas KOHL starts in his book, Das physikalische and biologische Weltbild der indischen Sekte der Jainas (Aliganj 1956) Rev by the AUTHOR, ZDMG 109, p 226ff
This
2 Thus all five at thikaya are dealt with in the way described speaks against the opinion held by Jagdish Chandra JAIN (IHQ 9, 792-794) saying there here a non-metaphysical outlook on dhamma and adhamma is being given
3 Some of the audience had difficulties in understanding this as we are told in two reports (Viy 323b, 750b) Dissenters led by Kalodai ask Goyama and the layman Madduya resp for an interpretation While Goyama is at a loss for an answer, Madduya declares himself incompetent in the matter,
