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COSMOLOGY
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$65. As coarse as all these conceptions are, so is the human anatomy (Tand 35b). Apart from the quantities of liquids and other bodily items which can be omitted here, the human being has 700 veins Starting from the navel 160 cach extend upwards, downwards into the legs, downwards into the abdomen, and horizontally, 25 each contain mucus and gall, 10 contain sperm. Furthermore there are 900 sinews, 500 muscles, 900 vessels, 9 9 million hairpores, not counting the hair of the skull and the beard, and 33 million including the latter. Some figures concerning women and hermaphrodites slightly differ in giving them 670 and 680 veins, resp, and 470 and 480 muscles, resp Moreover, we learn that the male is furnished with 5 and the female with 6 inner organs (kodha), and that with the former we find 9 and with the latter 11 apertures (soya).8 It is but due to a tendency of discrimination that in contrast to the general Indian view, that the left side is qualified as good (suha-parınama) and the right side as being unpropitious (Tand 35b)
With the only exception of the Tand as concerns the structure of the human body, we meet next to nothing but generalities • Thān 357 a, Tand 27b know of 6 different ways of joining the bones (samghayana, samhanana) by means of hooking and pinning vajja-risabha (or vairósabha) nārāya, risabha-n ,n. addha-n , kiliya and chevattha (Umāsv on T 8, 12 gives srpātika instead). For an explanation see a. o V. GLASENAPP, Karman p 29, for an illustration see BASTIAN, Ideale Welten I, plate IV (the corresponding sentence on p. 283 is incorrect). From coagulation there results the sixth (and worst) kind, from manifestation none at all, since inhabitants of hell and gods have neither bones, nor sinews, nor veins; with generation all kinds are possible. Acc. to Tand 27b the chevattha-joint is the only one, however, which now still pertains to human beings.
bats, yet it remains to be asked whether it is equally true of elephants and many more quadrupeds listed in the common T 2, 34
1 Umāsvātı on T 2, 34, Silānka on Āyār 5, 2.
2 Here we have to add the nipples They are not mentioned by Thān. 450b
3 But Vivāgas 42b states the 48 nāli and their functions
