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DOCTRINE OF THE JAINAS The embryology of the human being is discussed in the first part of the Tandulaveyālıya. In referring to the introductory Gähās we here but state that the margin of fertility 19 55 years with the woman and 75 years with the man (v. 13, comp Sthān 313b), and that the fruit remains in the womb for 2771 days on an average (v. 48). Its stages are listed as kalala (7 days), abbuya (the same), pesi, and ghana Its weight amounts to 3 karısa= pala in the first month, in the second it gets solid, in the third it rouses lusts within the mother, in the fourth it makes her limbs swell, in the fifth its extremities and its head develop (panca pindiyão), in the sixth its gall and its blood, in the seventh its veins, muscles, vessels, nerves, pores, hairs, and nails, and in the eighth the child is complete. The sex depends on the preponderance of either sperm or blood, in case neither prevails sexlessness will result. A sexless fruit lies (v 18) in the centre of the mother, but a male on the right, and a female on the left side. Its position and its condition are in accordance with the mother. The word bimba (Tand. 14a; Thān. 287a) appears to qualify the result of a miscarriage Acc to Viy 89a a cross-position will lead to a still birth A description of the female genitals is rendered by Tand. 4a. From Pannav. 9 (277b), Thān. 121b we learn that the uterus may-be either convex, concave, or flat (vamsi-patta). In Viy 218 a the role attributed to Hari Negamesi of dislocating the embryo is apparently due to generalısıng the well-known individual case.
The generated beings are born either in the egg or with the amnion (the chorion), or as living young Apart from birds, all snakes, fish, lizards, turtles and crocodiles are eggborn (andaya). Most higher quadrupeds and all human beings are born with the chorion (garāuya) Whereas some quadruped like elephants and mammals with digits extended to support a wing-membrane (bats etc ) are born complete (poyaya) 1
I boyaya, Skt potaja, is explained by KOHL (ZDMG 103, p 153) by "born in a boat", thc boat, in his view, being represented by the burst covers developing the fruit when leaving the womb Though this may well apply to
