Doctrine of Jainas

Author(s): Walther Shubring, Wolfgang Beurlen
Publisher: Motilal Banarasidas

Page 77

AN HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAINISM since this does not mean a branch but the religious centre of the Digambaras. For it was the Mūla-samgha from which by means of integration (samghattana) in earlier times Arhadbalı had formed the samghas called Simha, Nandı, Sena?, and Deva. This we learn from inscriptions dated 1398 and 1432 A.D.), from the Nītisāra: composed by Indranandın between 1524 and 1565, and from Pattāvalis of the last centuries. In the latter works those four names are explained by the special praxis of individuals, and the fact is stressed that these four samghas harmonized with each other, though the measures taken by Arhadbali were meant to be an act of pacification after controversies had shown up in the course of time (kāla-svabhāvāt). Acc. to the latter inscription the classification was made after Akalanka's death (2nd half of the 8th century). In the 12th-13th century, however, there was once more a Mula-samgha. At least the Nandi-s. was divided into gana, gaccha and valı (bali), and its adherents had as a second name of the words of candra, kirlıdeva, bhūşana, and nandın5.
$31. We now turn back to the Svetāmbaras. If we were certain about the time when the three smaller texts going by the name of cūliyā were composed, we should know at what date the declines from the normal level described by them had occurred. The prophesy pointing at 1990 after Mv. rendered in the Vaggacūliyā leads to the 15th century A.D. which cannot be the date of their origin Here we are told of the disrespect shown towards sacred texts. From the Angacūliyā we learn that partly with the superiors' knowledge and consent persons slipped in without being formally accepted. Their exposure then led to
1 IA 20, 350, Vțsabha
2 First (with translation ) ed by RICE, Ep. Carn 2, 77, 82, improved by NARASIMHACHAR, loc cit (reved ) p. 128, 129, comp also p 87f.
3 HOERNLE IA 21, 84 4 HOERNLE IA 20, 341 ff, 21, 57 ff.
5 Ep Carn 2, 123 In the Pattāvali IA 20, 350, 21, 71 fails to have the word of deva The Sena-s has the words. Tāga, vira, bhadra, sena, the Simha-s simha, kumbha, asrava, sāgara, the Deva-s deva, datta, nāga, tunga (I A 21, 69, there langa instead of tunga) For a biographical list of the Acäryas of the Arungala-anvaya which was a subsection of the Nandi-s. since Akalanka, see HULTZSCH ZDMG 68, 695-700.