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passing reference to these four views. viz.; the Jātyādi, the Jātireva, the Jātivisistavy akti and Taditaravyāvịtti or Apoha views and clearly expressed his reluctance to attempt a detailed discussion of the Jātyādi view regarding the Sanketa or the other three views for that matter. 2-1 He justifies his stand by stating that since any further explanation of these views is not relevant to the subject in hand, it is not attempted. However, he' elucidates the above four views in the Viveka Commentary by reference to the quotation Catustayi etc. and then to the concepts of Jātireva, Tadvān and Apoha. He explains Catuştayi etc. by stating that under this theory there are four kinds of words: Jātisabdas, Gunaśabdas, Kriyāśabdas and Yadrcchāśabdas. Now when these words convey their meanings, they depend on Sanketa by virtue of which the denotative power (Abhidhävștti) operates. But the difficulty is as to how this Sanketa is to be understood. In other words, the question is as to where the convention is understood. Mammata has mentioned that the conventional denota four-fold consisting of Jātyādi or Jāti alone or Tadvan or Apoha. The grammarians, whom the Alamkārikas follow, hold the first view. The Mimāmsakas are the Jātivādins. The Naiyāyikas are the holders of the Tadvan view, i.e., they are the Jātivisistavyaktivādins and the Buddhists are the Apohavādins. The first two of these (Jätyādivādins and Jatirevavadins) are mentioned in the well-known Sūtra of Mammața (II. 8): Sanketitaścaturbhedo Jätyādirjātireva vā. These two views differ as regards the scope of Sanketa, but they agree in holding that Sanketa cannot reside in an individual and it is always with regard to the attribute or Upādhi. Because, if Sanketa is assumed with regard to an individual, there would arise the contingencies of endlessness (Ānantyadosa), violation (Vyabhicāradosa) and lack of distinction (Visayavibhāgāpraptih), because the word Go, having Sanketa only for the Vyakti would fail to cover all the individuals which are Ananta or infinite, or it would only refer to one bull or a limited number or bulls,
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