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on by the Rasa, it is not convincing. And all the objects or ideas in the world, always assume subordination to some Rasa or Bhava. Ultimately, in fact, Rasas etc. are so many mental states which are developed through the Vibhavas etc. There is hardly an object which does not give rise to some one or the other specific mental state. If it does not do so, then it is unfit to be a poetic subject" Hemachandra says in his Viveka (p. 158) with reference to the third type of poetry, viz., the Avara or Adhama type of poetry, which is defined in the next Sūtra (II. 58). In this variety, there is no suggested sense at all, but it is striking by means of the words and the expressed sense. So, from the point of view of Dhvani, this type of Kāvya, being devoid of Dhvani, is the lowest type. This type is regarded as quite inferior as poetry.
Mammața says: "The lowest type of poetry is that which is devoid of suggestion and is picturesque either in word or sense." Citra, says the gloss, is what possesses Excellences and Figures of speech. 'Avyangya' is what is devoid of a sense which is distinctly suggested. In such a Citrakāvya, the suggestion is too faint. It is the primary sense of the words or the words themselves that charm us in it. And on account of this, it has two varieties : (1) Arthacitra (where the sense appears to us as striking) and (2) Sabdacitra. In sabdacitra, the figures charm us; in Arthacitra, the figures of sense charm us, since, in the view of the Dhvani school, it is the external appendage like Alamkāras that give beauty to this variety. It is called Adhama or Avara, the lowest which never reaches the height of a Dhvanikavya but remains contented with the external beauty of the embellishments.
Hemachandra notes in the gloss, just before concluding the Chapter, that though these verses may be considered as having some sort of Rasa etc. in that they can be construed as having Vibhāvas of some Rasa. Yet the Rasa etc. is not clear or transparently delightful. Here there is no Vyangya and as such they are called Avara or an inferior kind of poetry.
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