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etc.", is the word Kapalin expressive of Lord śiva (Dharmin) and his attribute (Dharma) of being possessed of a Kapala ? Is it donatative of both ? Or, of the substantive, Lord Siva, alone? Or of the attribute (of being possessed of Kapāla) which is fit to be censured due to its contact with the word Kapāla ? Thus these three points of view arise. In the first view, it is necessary to admit one more use of the word 'Kapālin' for the comprehension of the attribute so that censure can be suggested. According to the second view, for the proper comprehension of the substratum of the attribute, by the same word or by means of a pronoun, the substantive must be mentioned, as e.g., in the verse 'Kuryāṁ harsyāpi pinakapāņer etc.' by Kālidāsa, the word Hara is used as a synonym of Pinakapāņi. Hence the third view is untenable here. For the same word, without repetition, cannot convey several senses. Hence here there is the poetic blemish of Vācyāvacana.
Although difference of sense implies difference of words, yet the repeated occurrence produces similarity only. Since there is only an illusion of identity underlying this repetition. Hence it is advisable to convey the sense separately. And this sense should necessarily be expressed either by a synonym or a pronoun in place of the term for the thing to be described, (See Vyaktiviveka II. 71-72).112
(3) The third Vākyadoşa is 371987€ or a redundant word.. A redundant word is a word, the meaning of which is not intended as instanced in the verse 217. Here the word Āksti in the expression Sphatikākşti is redundant because the purpose of comparison is well served by the word Sphatika (Marvellous is that man who is clean like crystal etc.). The meaning of Akşti is 'conjunction of parts' which cannot be at all cannected with the sense of the sentence; and even if any other sense of it such as 'nature' etc., be connected with the sense of the sentence, somehow or other, still even that sense is not intended here, the purpose of comparison being served without: it. It may be mentioned here that a word may be redundant
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