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sub-commentary Viveka that we get passages, either fully reproduced or abridged from well-known predecessors. Nevertheless, all in all, we get a fairly detailed account of the various theories of denotation based on Sanketa. The Indirect Meaning : Metaphor 2 5
Abhidhā having been dealt with, now Hemachandra turns to the definition of the indirect sense or Amukhyā Vịtti. The seventeenth Sūtra (Chap. 1) defines the Gauņa Artha and the next Sūtra (1. 18) deals with the Lākṣanika Artha. Generally Gaunārtha is not treated as a separate Artha, but included in the Laksanika Artha since both these senses are Amukhya or indirect. Moreover, two out of the three conditions laid down for the operation of the secondary or indicative power which yields the indirect sense are common to both the Gauna and the Lākṣaṇika senses. The differentia that marks off the Gauņa from the Lākṣanika sense is the Nimitta.
Thus Gauņārtha is a super-imposed sense based on similarity or identification and it arises when (a) the direct sense is incompatible, (b) when a Nimitta such as Sādęśya exists, and (c) when it satisfies a purpose of the poet. In other words, when the primary sense of a word is found incompatible and another sense is got at on the basis of similarity with a view to conveying the sense of identification of the original and the super-imposed senses, the super-imposed sense is called Gauņa Artha. Thus, a boy is called an ass or Mänavaka,a man, 'a lion.' Here, (a) the primary sense of ass or Simha (or Agni) is incompatible and hence it is set aside completely. Then it is realised that there are attributes in the ass or the lion or fire which characterize the boy, and bring about similarity. The poet who wants to stress the peculiar attributes of the boy, indentifies the boy with the ass or lion or fire by super-imposing the sense of lion or ass or fire on the boy. Thus, though the boy is different from the lion or ass or fire in reality (Bheda), still to show similarity of the two, 1.e., to call the boy an idiot, the poet conceives the boy
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