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The Threefold Dhvani
Following the Dhvanikāra and Abhinavagupta, Hemachandrai gives three divisions of Dhvani, viz. Vastudhvani, etc., but he explains these divisions in the Viveka Commentary (p. 47) under the words Vastvalamkāreti. He states that Artha i.e., Pratīyamana in poetry (Iha) is two-fold : Laukika and Alaukika. Laukika again is two-fold : Sabdabhidhanayogyah avicitritātmā and Alankaradhvani. The word Vicitrita means decorated or striking. So, Vastudhvani is the suggestion of a plain idea, while Alamkāradhvani is the suggestion of a striking or ornamented idea. Here both the varieties represent ideas or senses. The mutual difference between Vastudhvani and Alamkāradhvani, we are told further in the Viveka, is that, while in Alankäradhvani where the suggested sense is pre-dominant, it is obvious that the Alamkāra is the Alamkārya i.e., the thing to be ornamented. A question may arise as to how this Alamkārya, which is bound to be an idea that is beautified, can be called an Alamkara, To this, it is replied that since the figure of speech, which has assumed the position of an Alankārya or suggested sense, at one time in the past passed under the name of an Alamkāra in the sense of a Vācyārtha; now, even though it is not a Vācya Alamkāra, still retains its previous appellation and only comes to be described as an Alamkāradhvani. In other words, in a suggested state, the name Alamkara, which smacks of Vācyārtha and a decorator, cannot be justified in relation to the principal soul of a Kavya, but on the analogy of Brāhmaṇaśramananyāya it is called an Alainkāradhvani. The maxim of the Brahmanic-āscetic means that though a man is now a monk, he was formerly a Brahmin. This maxim is used by Mammața, Visvanath and Hemachandra. Thus, the appellation of Alamkāradhvani of an Alamkarya suggested sense is only formal and not real. For, of both Vastu and Alamkāra in a suggested state, there cannot be any expressedness, still they have a connection with the primary sense when in the forms of Vidhi etc., so they are called Laukika. But, the:
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