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188
EPIGRAPHIA INDICA
(Vor. XXXI
(lines 26-27); f in på faka (line 15), trikūjāni (line 18 ); d in chudā (line 4), Badavada (line 15; of. Kaunduka-Gunde in l. 16); » in ramaniya (line 1), omando (line 4), pranāmão (tine 5);t in pratishthita (line 3), vigata (line 5), janita (line 6), dhuast-āräti (line 9), salya-tyāga (line 10), iti (line 28 ); din päd-ao (line 11), od-Devëndravarmmadao (lines 13-14); dh in adhio (line 2), "adhara (line 11), dharma (line 25); n in bhuvana (line 3), naya-rinaya (line 9); pinopur-ão (line 1), prati"(line 8), pratäp-do (line 6), parama (line 13); bh in bhuvana (line 3), 'bhagavato (line 4), bhuyo bhūyo (line 24); m in ramaniya (line 1), 'āmala (line 2), kamala (line 5), parama (line 11); y in ramaniya (line 1), yugala (line 5), vinaya-dayā (line 9), 'audārya (line 10), bhūyo bhūyo (line 24); rin nagar-ão (line 2), 80char-āchara-gurð° (line 3), svarāya (line 16); 1 in Kaligan, 'ächal-āmala (line 2), yugala (line 5), likhitam (line 27); v in sarua (line 1), vato (line 2), vigata (line 5), pratāp-āvao (line 6), vara (line 8), daivika (line 23) : & in tikhara (line 2), taśānka (line 4); sh in vishaya (lines 14, 15, 18); sin sabda (line 6), samasta-sämanta (line 7); h in Mahendra (line 2), māhasuara (line 11), mahārāja (line 14). Sometimes two letters are almost updistinguishable from each other; e.g.ch in chala (line 2) and y in ya$0 (line 7); ch in "chalo (line 9) and v inovato (line 4); t and n in janita (line 6) and respectively in fita (line 8) and dākshinya (line 10). In some cases, the same sign of the mediat vowel is differently represented; e.g. u in bků in bhūyo bhūyo (line 24). There are instances of nga represented by gun (cf. lines 2, 26).
The language of the record is Sanskrit. The main document is written in proge except for the usual imprecatory and benedictory stanzas about the end. The endorsement is, however, entirely written in verse. There are really two stanzas in this section ; but one of them has been quoted twice. It appears that the engraver of the endorsement began to incise the stanzas in the East Indian alphabet with which he was not quite at ease. After completing the first stanza, he gave up that script and engraved both the stanzas in the Telugu- Kannada alphabet. That is bow the first verse of the endorsement was incised twice. As regards orthography, the inscription resembles other epigraphs of the time and area in question. Final n has occasionally been changed wrongly to anusvāra (cf. line 24) which also takes the place of final m at the end of the second and fourth feet of verses. The charter is dated in the Ganga year 393 (889-91 A.D.).
The main document begins with the Siddham symbol and the usual prasasti of the Early Eastern Gangas in lines 1-11, referring to the issue of the charter from the adhivasaka (royal residence) at Kalinganagara resembling Amarapura (the city of the gods) and to the devotion of the issuer of the grant to the god, Bhagavad Gokarnasvāmin (Siva), installed on the peak of Mount Mahöndra. As usual, the issuer of the charter is described (lines 11-12) as a devout worshipper of the god Mahēsvara (Siva), aus meditating on (or favoured by) the feet of his parents, and as an ornament of the spotless family of the Gangas. He is further introduced in lines 12-14 as the son of Mahārājädhirāja Paramèsvara Paramabha jāraka Srimad-Dövēndravarmadēva. Curiously enough, the passage in line 14, containing the name of the issuer of the grant and the district in which the gift land was situated, reads : mahārāja-Manujedran(ndra) vagalela-vishaye. It has to be noticed that while the father is endowed with full imperial titles, the son is represented as a Mahārāja and with sri instead of brimat. Some letters moreover appear to be lost in the passage and its intended reading may have been Manujëndrava[rmadevah kuenli] Calēla-vishayê. Whether the intention of the scribe was to include here a passage containing the usual address of the issuer of a grant to the officers and subordinates is impossible to determine. But it appears that Mahārāja Manujēndra or Manujëndravarman issued the charter during the rule of his father, Mahārājadhirāja Paramětvara Paramabhaftāraka Dēvēndravarman. He may have therefore been & sub-king under his father during the latter's old age. A similar instance is offered by the passage introducing the issuer of a grant as mahārājādhiraja-paramēsvara-paramabhatļārakafri-Ananatavarmadēva-8a(su)nu-yuvarāja-bri-Rajendravarma(rmā) kusala(17) occurring in ap Rastern Ganga charter of the year 313 (809-11 A.D.). Although a confusion is sometimes noticed in the
1 Bharati (Telugu), June 1954, pp. 574 ff.
