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No. 38) THREE PLATES FROM PANDUKESVAR
283 the status of a Kumāra), Uparikas (provincial governors), Duhsādhyasadhanikas, Dadāparādhikas", Chaurðddharanikas (officers to look after the apprehension of thieves) Saulkikas (superintendents of tolls), Gaulmikas (superintendents of police stations), Tadāyuktakas, Viniyuktakas), Paffakāpacharikas (officers to investigate offences against royal edicts and charters), Asēdhabhangadhikritas (officers in charge of preventing flight from prison or legal restraint), superintendents of the elephant, horse and camel troops, Dūtas (envoys), Prēshanikas (officers in charge of sending messengers), Dāndikas“, Dāndapā tikas (police constables), Gamāgamins (police officers dealing with exit from and entrance into towns), Khadgikas (possibly swordsmen or their superintendents), Abhitvaramānakas (special messengers), Rajasthāniyas (governors or landlords), Vishayapatis (rulers of districts), Bhögapatis (officers in charge of Jägirs), Tarapatis (superintendents of ferries), Asvapatis (superintendents of cavalry), Khandarakshas, Pratibürikas", Sthanādhikritas (Thānādārs, i.e. superintendents of police out-posts), Vartmapālas (superintendents of roads), Kottapālas (superintendents of forts), Ghattapalas (superintendents of landing places on river banks), Kshetrapālas (superintendents of cultivated lands of the Khas Mahal), Pränta pälas (wardens of the Marches), Kiboravadavāgomahishyadhikritas (superintendents of colts, mares, cows and she-buffaloes), Bhatfas (minstrels), Mahattamas (village-headmen), cowherds, merchants, (and) foremen of guilds, down to the Khabas, Kirātas, Dravidas, Kalingas, Gaudas, Hūnas, Udras, Médas, Andhras and Chāņdālas, to all habitations, to the entire people, to the regular and irregular soldiers (probably, policemen and peons), servants and others and to other enumerated and unenumerated people living in dependence on our lotus-feet, and to the neighbouring people headed by Brāhmaṇas : Be it known to you:
(Lines 17-24): Observing that the moving world of the living is as unsteady as the leaves of the fig tree shaken by the breeze and noticing that life is without substance just like a bubble of water and knowing that fortune is as vascillating as the tip of the ear of an elephant cub, for the attainment of beatitude in the next world and in order to cross the sea of mundane existence, I have assigned by the grant of a charter, to increase the merit and fame of my parents and of my own, on the auspicious day when the sun enters the autumnal) equinox, such land as is being enjoyed by Dēnduvāka (and is) within the bounds of Thappalasări in the district mentioned above, to the holy lord Närāyana installed at Garudagrāma by Bhatta Sripurusha, for providing perfumes, flowers, incense, lights, ointments, offerings, oblation of rice, etc., (and) dancing, singing, music, sacrifices, etc., for the repair of what may be broken or cracked and for the maintenance of servants and attendants as well as for the execution of new work; (the said land is to be) endowed with the exemptions arising out of its nature (as a free gift), not to be entered by soldiers and policemen, nothing to be accepted (as rent or tolls from it), not to be resumed, (but to belong to the donee) for as long a time as the moon, the sun and the earth endure, as a piece taken out of the district (to which it belongs), as far as its proper boundaries and pasture lands, together with trees, gardens, springs and cascades (out) without whatever has been or is in the possession of gods and Brāhmaṇas. Wherefore (the donee) enjoying the grant) in comfort in regular succession shall not be
1 The Kaufiltya Arthalatra says that officers purified by the foar-test should be appointed to deanna-karya, 1.e. emergency work. The Dussadhyaeddhanika was probably an official of this class.
We know that grants woro often made sa-da daparadha, i.e. together with the right to enjoy the fines for the ton offences. The Da separadhikas were probably officers who dealt with the ten offences, viz theft, murder. adultery, use of abusive language towards others, untruthfulness, slandering, incoherent conversation, covetous. no88, dosire to do wrong, and tonacity for wrong. Cf. Corp. Ing. Ind., Vol. III, p. 189, note 4.
• Tadayuktaka and Viniyuktaka appear to be subordinate ruling officers appointed not by the crown but by the governors or viceroys. Cf. Sel. Ins. pp. 351, n. 1;364,867, 360, note 9.
Dandika may be a judicial functionary but is most probably a police officer as the accompanying Danda. pakka is apparently the same as the modern Oriya Dandudsi, i.e. a village watchman.
. The Khandarakaka (of. Khandapdla) may have been the officer in charge of a small territorial unit, or the royal engineer who looked after buildings falling in ruins. .
• The Pratimarika was possibly a vaperintendent of gladiatorial combata. Sen below, p. 286
