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No. 24] TWO GRANTS FROM GALAVALLI
193 I, viz. Gundama I (circa 940-43 A.D.), Kämärņava I (circa 943-78 A. D.) and Vinayaditya (circa 978-81 A. D.), who ruled for three, thirtyfive and three years respectively. Then follow two stanzas (verses 2-3) desoribing Aniyankabhima (Anangabhima) I (circa 981-1016 A. D.), son of Kämārnava I, as having ruled for thirtyfive years. The following three stanzas (verses 4-6) speak respectively of three sons of Aniyankabhima I, viz., Kämärnava II (circa 1016 A. D.), Gundama II (circa 1016-1019 A. D.) and Madhukāmārņava (circa 1019-38 A. D.), who respectively reigned for six months, three years and nineteen years. The next gevon stanzas (verses 7-13) describe Vajrahasta III (1038-70 A.D.) who was the son of Kämärņava II from the Vaidumba princess Vinaya-mahādāvi, and ruled for thirtythree years after having been installed on the throne in Saks 960 (viyad-situ-nidhi), month Vrishabha (solar Jyēshtha), sudi 3, Sunday, Rõhiņi-nakshatra, Dhanurlagna. As already indicated above, this description, with the exception of verse 13 referring to the end of the king's rule covering a period of thirtythree years, is quoted from the charters of Vajrahasta III himself. The details of the date of his coronation are irregular for the month of Vrishabha in Saka 960 ; but, for the month of Mēsha (instead of Vpishabha), they correspond to Sunday April 9, 1038 A. D. The remaining three stanzas of the introductory part (verses 14-16) describe the reigning monarch Rājarāja I Dēvēndravarman who was the son of Vajrabasta III from the queen Anangamahādēvi. Verse 16 speaks of him as an ornament of the kings of Kalinga and gives the date of his coronation as Saka 992 (nayana-Abjagarbha-nidhi), Jyështha sudi 8, Thursday, Uttaraphalguni-nakshatra, Simha-lagna. The details correspond to Thursday, May 20, 1070 A. D. We have elsewhere seen how the above description of the early Imperial Gangas is more reliable than the modified genealogy quoted in the later oharters of Anantavarman Chodaganga (1078-1141 A. D.), son and successor of Räjaraja I, as well as in the grants of Chodaganga's descendants.
The charter under study was issued from Kalinganagara by Paramabhalläraka Maharajadkirāja Trikalingādhipati Dāvēndravarman Rajarajadēva who was a devout worshipper of Mahēšvara (Siva). Its object was to grant the village of Kodila (originally written Kodili) in the Varahavarttani vishaya, for the merit of the king and his parents, in favour of three hundred Brāhmanas belonging to the Atrēya götra, the three pravaras including Syāvāśva (i.e. Atri,
Archanānas 1 and Syäväsva) and the Chhandöga charana. The occasion of the grant, as already • indicated above, was the Vishuva-sankranti in Saks 998. The names of the donees have not been
quoted in the record. The absence of the usual imprecatory and benedicatory verses and of any reference to the royal officials who were responsible for the preparation of the dooument may lead one to suspect that the charter is incomplete. But this characteristio is not peculiar to the present grant of Rajaraja I. We know that another record of the king, issued on the same dato and occasion, also ends abruptly in the same way. The village granted by this charter was Bţihat-Kodilagrāma in Varāhavartani, to which was added another looality oalled Bhinālsvăţaka. The gift land is stated in this case to have been made a gräma-grāsa which was divided into six parts, four of them being granted to Väsudēvašarman of Vatsa-gotra, who was a resident of Kalipura, and the remaining two parts to Nārāyanabarman of the Kāçyapa götra. It is interesting to note that neither of these two records refers to the creation of a revenue-free holding out of the gift land. The donees therefore appear to have been liable to pay rent or cess for their holdings. This is probably why the expression grāma-grāsa instead of the wellknown agrahāra has been used to indicate the nature of the holding under Väsudēvašarman and Nārāyanaśarman. Such a possibility also explains the absence of the usual details noticed in 1 Kämärnava I and Vinayaditya were killed by Jatāchoda Bhima before Saka 904–982 A. D. (1.4HRS,
Vol. X, PP. 32 ff.) • See Bhandarkar's List, No. 1090. • Above, Vol. XXVIII, Pp. 238 ff.
JARS, VOL. VIII, pp. 176 ff. . Of. JRAN. 1962, pp. 4 tt.
