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values of Indian tradition along with the different dharmas of Indian origin and their basic philosophies as well as to understand the unity in diversity of Indian culture. We cannot understand Indian culture completely without understanding different constituents of it's i.e. Jainsim, Buddhism and Hinduism, because they various similarities along with their mutual impact so one thing must be clear in our mind that the studies and researches in the field of Indic-studies are not possible in isolation. In fact, Jainism, Buddhism and Hinduism are so intermingled and mutually influenced that to have a proper comprehensive knowledge of one, the understanding of the others is essential. Sraman and Brahman tradions of Indian culture :
However, two distinct trends have been pre domination in Indian culture from its earliest days, known as Brahmanic and Sramanic. No doubt these two trends are distinguishable, but at the same time we must be aware of the fact they are not separable. Though on the basis of some peculiarities in their theories, we can distinguish them, yet in practice, it is very difficult to divaricate, them because neither of the two remained uninfluenced by the others. The earlier Sramanic trends and their later phases, Jainism and Buddhism, were influenced by the Vedic tradition and vice-a-versa. The concepts of Tapas or austerity, asceticism, liberation, meditation, equanimity and nonviolence are earlier absent in the Vedas and came into existence in Hinduism through Sramanic influence. The Upanisadas and the Gita evolved some new spiritual definitions of Vedic rituals, these two are the representatives of the dialogue taken place in Sramanic and Vedic traditions. Mutual impact of these two tradition :
The Upanisadic trend of Hinduism is not a pure form of Vedic religion. It incorporated in itself various Sarmanic tenets which gave a new dimension to vedic religion. Thus, we can say that our present Hinduism is an intermingling of Vedic and Sramanic traditions. The
